Answer the following question given this paragraph: Light has properties of both a wave and a particle. Q: Light has the properties of both a wave and what else? Choices: - atom - nucleus - electron - particle A:
particle
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Wave energy does the work of erosion at the shore. Waves erode sediments from cliffs and shorelines. The sediment in ocean water acts like sandpaper. Over time, they erode the shore. The bigger the waves are and the more sediment they carry, the more erosion they cause ( Figure below ). Q: What type of energy causes erosion at the shore? Choices: - tidal - potential - kinetic - wave A:
wave
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Some volcanoes form over active hotspots . Scientists count about 50 hotspots on the Earth. Hotspots lie directly above a column of hot rock called a mantle plume . Mantle plumes continuously bring hot rock up from the mantle toward the crust ( Figure below ). The rock melts due to the release of pressure. Q: What is the column of hot rock that continuously brings hot rock up from the mantle toward the crust? Choices: - volcanic vent - hotspot - flue - mantle plume A:
A: mantle plume
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: We will find in Atomic Physics that the orbits of electrons are more properly viewed as electron clouds with the density of the cloud related to the probability of finding an electron in that location (as opposed to the definite locations and paths of planets in their orbits around the Sun). This cloud is shifted by the Coulomb force so that the atom on average has a separation of charge. Although the atom remains neutral, it can now be the source of a Coulomb force, since a charge brought near the atom will be closer to one type of charge than the other. Some molecules, such as those of water, have an inherent separation of charge and are thus called polar molecules. Figure 19.19 illustrates the separation of charge in a water molecule, which has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom H 2 O . The water molecule is not symmetricthe hydrogen atoms are repelled to one side, giving the molecule a boomerang shape. The electrons in a water molecule are more concentrated around the more highly charged oxygen nucleus than around the hydrogen nuclei. This makes the oxygen end of the molecule slightly negative and leaves the hydrogen ends slightly positive. The inherent separation of charge in polar molecules makes it easier to align them with external fields and charges. Polar molecules therefore exhibit greater polarization effects and have greater dielectric constants. Those who study chemistry will find that the polar nature of water has many effects. For example, water molecules gather ions much more effectively because they have an electric field and a separation of charge to attract charges of both signs. Also, as brought out in the previous chapter, polar water provides a shield or screening of the electric fields in the highly charged molecules of interest in biological systems. Q: The electrons in a water molecule are more concentrated around the more highly charged oxygen nucleus than around this? Choices: - helium nuclei - carbon nuclei - peroxide nuclei - hydrogen nuclei A:
Answer: hydrogen nuclei
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The electron loss and gain is easy to see in a reaction in which ions are formed. However, in many reactions, no such electron transfer occurs. In a molecular compound, electrons are shared between atoms in a type of bond called a covalent bond. Yet it is still common for reactions involving molecular compounds to still be classified as redox reactions. Q: In a molecular compound, electrons are shared between atoms in which type of bond? Choices: - Ionic - deformation - corrosion - covalent A:
**Answer**
covalent
Answer the following question given this paragraph: 19.2 Population Growth and Regulation Populations with unlimited resources grow exponentiallywith an accelerating growth rate. When resources become limiting, populations follow a logistic growth curve in which population size will level off at the carrying capacity. Populations are regulated by a variety of density-dependent and density-independent factors. Life-history characteristics, such as age at first reproduction or numbers of offspring, are characteristics that evolve in populations just as anatomy or behavior can evolve over time. The model of r- and K-selection suggests that characters, and possibly suites of characters, may evolve adaptations to population stability near the carrying capacity (K-selection) or rapid population growth and collapse (r-selection). Species will exhibit adaptations somewhere on a continuum between these two extremes. Q: When resources become limiting, populations follow a logistic growth curve in which the size will level off at a point called what? Choices: - believed capacity - full capacity - containing capacity - carrying capacity A:
carrying capacity