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SECTION 1. AMENDMENT OF VOTING ACCESSIBILITY FOR THE ELDERLY AND
HANDICAPPED ACT.

(a) Purpose.--Section 2 of the Voting Accessibility for the Elderly
and Handicapped Act (42 U.S.C. 1973ee) is amended by--
(1) striking ''It'' and inserting ''(a) It''; and
(2) adding at the end the following:
''(b) It is the intention of Congress in enacting this Act to
ensure that--
''(1) no individual may be denied the right to vote in a
Federal election on the basis of being disabled; and
''(2) every voter has the right to vote independently in a
Federal election.''.
(b) Accessibility of Polling Places.--Section 3 of the Voting
Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act (42 U.S.C. 1973ee-1)
is amended--
(1) in subsection (a), by striking ''each political
subdivision'' and all that follows through ''conducting
elections'' and inserting ''the chief election officer of the
State'';
(2) by striking subsection (b) and inserting the following:
''(b) Subsection (a) shall not apply to a polling place in the case
of any unforeseeable natural disaster such as a fire, storm,
earthquake, or flood.''; and
(3) by striking subsection (c) and inserting the following:
''(c) The chief election officer of a State shall ensure that all
polling methods selected and used for Federal elections are accessible
to disabled and elderly voters, including--
''(1) the provision of ballots in a variety of accessible
media;
''(2) the provision of instructions that are printed in
large type, conspicuously displayed at each polling place;
''(3) the provision of printed information that is
generally available to other voters using a variety of
accessible media; and
''(4) ensuring that all polling methods used enable
disabled and elderly voters to cast votes at polling places
during times and under conditions of privacy available to other
voters.''.
(c) Accessibility of Registration Facilities and Services.--Section
5(a) of the Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act
(42 U.S.C. 1973ee-3(a)) is amended--
(1) in paragraph (1), by striking ''and'' at the end; and
(2) by striking paragraph (2) and inserting the following:
''(2) registration information by telecommunications
devices for the deaf and in a variety of accessible media; and
''(3) accessible registration procedures to allow each
eligible voter to register at the residence of the voter, by
mail, or by other means.''.
(d) Enforcement.--Section 6 of the Voting Accessibility for the
Elderly and Handicapped Act (42 U.S.C. 1973ee-4) is amended--
(1) in subsection (b), by striking ''45'' and inserting
''21''; and
(2) by striking subsection (c) and inserting the following:
''(c) In an action brought under subsection (a), the State or
political subdivision shall be fined an amount--
''(1) not to exceed $5,000 for the first violation of such
section; and
''(2) not to exceed $10,000 for each subsequent
violation.''.
(e) Relationship With Other Laws.--Section 7 of the Voting
Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act (42 U.S.C. 1973ee-5)
is amended--
(1) in the heading, by striking ''voting rights act of
1965'' and inserting ''other laws;
(2) by striking ''This'' and inserting ''(a) This''; and
(3) by adding at the end the following:
''(b) Nothing in this Act shall be construed to invalidate or limit
the laws of any State or political subdivision that provide greater or
equal access to registration or polling for disabled and elderly
voters.''.
(f) Definitions.--Section 8 of the Voting Accessibility for the
Elderly and Handicapped Act (42 U.S.C. 1973ee-6) is amended--
(1) in paragraph (1), by striking ''chief election''
through ''involved'' and inserting ''Access Board'';
(2) in paragraph (4), by striking ''permanent physical
disability; and'' and inserting ''permanent disability;'';
(3) in paragraph (5), by striking the period and inserting
a semicolon; and
(4) by adding at the end the following:
''(6) 'Access Board' means the Architectural and
Transportation Barriers Compliance Board established under
section 502 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 792);
''(7) 'chief election officer' means the State officer or
entity, designated by State law or established by practice,
responsible for elections within the State;
''(8) 'independently' means without the assistance of
another individual; and
''(9) 'media' includes formats using large type, braille,
sound recording, or digital text.''.
(g) References.--
(1) In general.--The Voting Accessibility for the Elderly
and Handicapped Act (42 U.S.C. 1973ee et seq.) is amended by
striking ''handicapped'' each place it appears and inserting
''disabled''.
(2) References in other laws.--Except where inappropriate,
any reference to ''handicapped'' in relation to the Voting
Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act (42 U.S.C.
1973ee et seq.) in any law, Executive Order, rule, or other
document shall include a reference to ''disabled''.
(h) Conforming Amendment.--Section 502(b)(3) of the Rehabilitation
Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 792(b)(3)) is amended by inserting before the
semicolon ''and section 3 of the Voting Accessibility for the Elderly
and Handicapped Act (42 U.S.C. 1973ee-1)''.

SEC. 2. REGULATIONS.

(a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
of this Act, the Attorney General shall promulgate regulations
implementing this Act. Such regulations shall be consistent with the
minimum guidelines established by the Access Board.
(b) Access Board Guidelines.--Not later than 9 months after the
date of enactment of this Act, the Access Board shall issue minimum
guidelines relating to the requirements in the amendments made by
section 1(b) of this Act.
(c) Definition.--In this section, the term ''Access Board'' means
the Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board.

SEC. 3. TRANSITION PLAN.

(a) In General.--Not later than 3 months after the date on which
regulations are promulgated under section 2(a), the chief election
officer of each State shall develop a transition plan to ensure that
polling places in the State are in compliance with the requirements of
the Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act (42 U.S.C.
1973ee et seq.), as amended by this Act.
(b) Coordination With Local Election Officials.--The plan under
subsection (a) shall be developed in coordination with--
(1) local election officials; and
(2) individuals with disabilities or organizations
representing individuals with disabilities.
(c) Contents and Availability of Plan.--The plan under subsection
(a) shall--
(1) include specific recommendations necessary to comply
with the requirements of the Voting Accessibility for the
Elderly and Handicapped Act; and
(2) be available for public inspection in such manner as
the chief election officer determines appropriate.

SEC. 4. EFFECTIVE DATE.

The amendments made by section 1 of this Act shall apply beginning
on the earliest of--
(1) the date that is 6 months after the date on which
regulations are promulgated under section 2(a); or
(2) the date of the first Federal election taking place in
the State after December 31, 2000.
Makes amendments to such Act regarding the accessibility of polling places and registration facilities and services, enforcement, and the relationship of such Act with other laws (providing that nothing in this Act shall be construed to invalidate or limit the laws of any State or political subdivision that provide greater or equal access to registration or polling for disabled and elderly voters). Includes among such amendments providing for ensuring that all polling methods selected and used for Federal elections are accessible to disabled and elderly voters and that accessible registration procedures allow eligible voters to register at home, by mail, or by other means are in place.
Revises definitions, including adding the term "Access Board," the Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board established under the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. Directs such Board to issue minimum guidelines relating to requirements pertaining to the accessibility of polling places.
Replaces all references in such Act to "handicapped" with "disabled" and with regard to such references in other laws, Executive Orders, or rules, in relation to such Act except where inappropriate.

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Affordable Mortgage for Homeowners
Act of 2011''.

SEC. 2. PRINCIPAL REDUCTION OF MORTGAGES OWNED OR GUARANTEED BY FANNIE
MAE AND FREDDIE MAC.

(a) Program Authority.--The Federal National Mortgage Association
and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation shall each carry out a
program under this section to provide for the reduction of the interest
rates on qualified mortgages on single-family housing owned or
guaranteed by such enterprises, in accordance with this section and
policies and procedures that the Director of the Federal Housing
Finance Agency shall establish.
(b) Timing.--Each enterprise shall commence the program required
under subsection (a) upon the expiration of the 90-day period beginning
upon the date of the enactment of this Act and shall complete all
reductions of the interest rates of qualified mortgages required under
the program not later than the expiration of the 12-month period
beginning upon the commencement of such program.
(c) Interest Rate Reduction.--In reducing the interest rate on a
qualified mortgage under a program of an enterprise required under this
section, the enterprise shall reduce the annual rate of interest
charged with respect to the outstanding principal obligation of the
mortgage for the remainder of the term of the mortgage, notwithstanding
whether the interest rate under the mortgage is otherwise subject to
adjustment during such mortgage term, to a fixed interest rate that is
the lesser of--
(1) 4 percent annually; or
(2) the rate for a 30-year fixed rate mortgage, as most
recently published in the Weekly Primary Mortgage Market Survey
of the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, as of the time
of such interest rate reduction for such qualified mortgage.
(d) Exempt Mortgages.--The Director shall provide that the
following qualified mortgages shall not be subject to reduction of the
interest rate under a program under this section:
(1) Fixed-rate mortgages.--In the case of a qualified
mortgage having a rate of interest that is fixed for the entire
term of the mortgage, any mortgage having such an interest rate
that is a lower than the interest rate determined for the
mortgage under subsection (c).
(2) Adjustable-rate mortgages.--In the case of a mortgage
having a rate of interest that is subject to adjustment during
the term of the mortgage, any mortgage for which the interest
rate cannot, as a result of the terms of the terms and
conditions of the mortgage, exceed the interest rate determined
for the mortgage under subsection (c) at any time during the
term of the mortgage.
(e) Option to Opt-Out.--Each program of an enterprise required
under this section shall provide for the enterprise to--
(1) notify the mortgagor under a qualified mortgage in
writing, before the proposed reduction of the interest rate on
qualified mortgage of the mortgagor, of--
(A) such proposed reduction and the interest rate
applicable to the mortgage upon such reduction; and
(B) the opportunity, in accordance with paragraph
(2), for the mortgagor to request that no such interest
rate reduction be applied with respect to such
mortgage; and
(2) forego such interest rate reduction with respect to the
qualified mortgage of a mortgagor upon receipt by the
enterprise of a request by the mortgagor that no such interest
rate reduction be applied with respect to such mortgage.
(f) Maintenance of Loan Status.--Any reduction of the interest rate
on a qualified mortgage under a program under this section shall not
result in the treatment of the modified mortgage as a new mortgage.
(g) Definitions.--For purposes of this section, the following
definitions shall apply:
(1) Director.--The term ''Director'' means the Director of
the Federal Housing Finance Agency.
(2) Enterprise.--The term ''enterprise'' means the Federal
National Mortgage Association and the Federal Home Loan
Mortgage Corporation.
(3) Qualified mortgage.--The term ''qualified mortgage''
means a mortgage, without regard to whether the mortgagor is
current or in default on payments due under the mortgage,
that--
(A) is an existing first mortgage that was made for
purchase of, or refinancing another first mortgage on,
a one- to four-family dwelling, including a condominium
or a share in a cooperative ownership housing
association, that is occupied by the mortgagor as the
principal residence of the mortgagor;
(B) is owned or guaranteed by the Federal National
Mortgage Association or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage
Corporation; and
(C) was originated on or before the date of the
enactment of this Act.
(h) Regulations.--The Director shall issue any regulations or
guidance necessary to carry out the programs required under this
section not later than the expiration of the 90-day period that begins
on the date of the enactment of this Act.
Affordable Mortgage for Homeowners Act of 2011 - Directs the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac) each to carry out a program to provide for the reduction of the interest rates on qualified mortgage mortgages (other than fixed-rate or adjustable-rate mortgages) on single-family housing owned or guaranteed by such enterprises, in accordance with policies and procedures that the Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) shall establish.

Requires each program to provide a procedure for mortgagors to opt-out of an interest rate reduction.

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Fair International Standards in
Trade for the Americas Act of 1995''.

SEC. 2. PRINCIPAL NEGOTIATING OBJECTIVES OF THE UNITED STATES.

The purposes, policies, and objectives that are applicable with
respect to any free-trade area trade agreement negotiated under the
authority of such title I in furtherance of the Free Trade Agreement
for the Americas, as proposed at the Summit of the Americas that was
held in December, 1994, in Miami, Florida with any country in the
Western Hemisphere outside North America (hereafter in this Act
referred to as the ''FTAA'') include the achievement of the overall and
principal trade negotiating objectives of the United States set forth
in section 1101 of the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988,
and the following principal negotiating objectives:
(1) Worker rights and standards and protection.--With a
view to establishing open, expanding, mutually beneficial trade
among the countries of the Western Hemisphere, to spreading the
benefits of such trade as widely as possible, to protecting
citizens interests, and to enhancing respect for human rights
throughout the Western Hemisphere, the principal negotiating
objectives of the United States with respect to worker rights
and standards, and the protection thereof, in the conduct of
international trade, commerce, and finance are--
(A) to ensure freedom of association and to affirm
the vital role that free and independent unions play in
democratic governance;
(B) to ensure the rights of working people to
organize, to bargain collectively, and to strike, and
to ensure the right of workers' representatives to
legal protection in the free exercise of their duties
and fundamental human rights;
(C) to establish a minimum age for the employment
of children at 14 years if the employment will not
result in the neglect of their education and will not
harm their health and well-being;
(D) to ensure the right to health at the workplace
and to a healthy working environment, including freedom
from exposure to toxic substances;
(E) to guarantee the right of all workers to equal
protection, including freedom from discrimination in
wages or working conditions, regardless of their
nationality, race, religion, age, or sex; and
(F) to guarantee humane standards of wages and
hours of work that take into account different levels
of national economic development, but provide for
improvement concurrently with gains in productivity.
(2) Environmental quality and protection.--In recognition
of the shared responsibility of the countries of the Western
Hemisphere as stewards responsible for, and their common
interest in, preserving and sustaining the Western Hemisphere's
natural habitat and resources over time, the principal
negotiating objectives of the United States with respect to
environmental quality and protection are--
(A) the protection of environmental quality and of
the integrity of ecosystems, as well as the maintenance
of scarce biological and physical resources, in the
conduct of international trade, commerce, and finance;
(B) the establishment of a process for the full and
public disclosure of the kinds, quantities, and risks
associated with toxic chemical and hazardous substance
discharges into the air, water, and land;
(C) the prevention of the export of toxic and
hazardous substances and products, such as carcinogens
and unsafe drugs, that are banned in the country of
origin;
(D) the prevention of the export of products
(except to the extent of remediation or repatriation
contracts that already exist) manufactured, extracted,
harvested, or grown under environmental conditions or
workplace safety and health conditions that undermine
counterpart standards, particularly those applicable to
the counterpart industry in the importing country or
the counterpart standards, in general, in the importing
country; and
(E) to require that industries within their
national borders reduce the amount and toxicity of
hazardous substances that they use, minimize the amount
and toxicity of wastes they generate, and demonstrate
publicly their use of best available technology for
pollution abatement in their production processes.
(3) Unfair trade practices.--In acknowledging different,
evolving comparative advantages among trading nations, but with
a view to distinguishing between acceptable and unacceptable means of
competition among trading nations, the principal negotiating objectives
of the United States with respect to unfair trade practices shall
include the adoption, as a principle, and in enforcement action that
the systematic denial or practical nullification of the protections
accorded worker rights and standards and environmental quality (within
the context of paragraphs (1) and (2)) as a means for any country or
its industries to gain competitive advantage in international trade,
commerce, and finance is an actionable unfair trade practice.
(4) Comprehensive dispute resolution.--The principal
negotiating objectives of the United States are to achieve a
process for the settlement of disputes that arise between or
among the signatories with respect to unfair trade practices,
including not only those involving commonly identified unfair
trade barriers, but unfair practices, within the context of the
negotiating objectives listed in paragraphs (1), (2), and (3)
involving the systematic denial or practical nullification of
worker rights and standards and failure to apply or enforce
standards relating to environmental quality or protection,
resulting in distortions to international trade, commerce, and
finance. Such a process shall include--
(A) notification by each signatory nation to the
other signatories regarding changes in law or practice
that will materially affect the agreement;
(B) provision, on a sequential basis and subject to
reasonable time limits, for consultation between or
among signatories, for mediation, and, if necessary,
for binding arbitration;
(C) the establishment of a multilateral commission,
with authority to investigate, adjudicate, issue
binding judgments, and take enforcement action, in a
timely manner regarding the issues in dispute pursuant
to subparagraph (B)--
(i) that consists of equal numbers of
experts from the signatory nations (with United
States experts being subject to the advice and
consent of the United States Senate), and
(ii) the chairmanship of which will be
filled by individuals who--
(I) are citizens of the respective
signatories,
(II) serve on a rotational basis
among the signatories for 2-year terms,
except that no individual may serve in
such office for more than one term, and
(III) are appointed to such office
by the respective chief executive
officers of the signatories (and any
chairperson appointed from the United
States is subject to the advice and
consent of the United States);
(D) provision for the multilateral commission, in
its proceedings and deliberations, to consult with a
wide array of representative organizations, in addition
to government agencies, with expertise in labor,
environmental, agricultural, and scientific matters in
each of the signatory nations;
(E) provision for the multilateral commission to
enforce its judgments, as appropriate, by authorizing
an aggrieved signatory nation to--
(i) suspend, withdraw, or prevent the
application of the benefits of trade agreement
concessions to carry out any trade agreement
entered into pursuant to the FTAA with the
offending signatory nation,
(ii) impose proportionate duties on
specific products, companies, or industries, or
other offsetting import restrictions on the
goods of, and offsetting fees or restrictions
on the services of, the offending signatory
nation for such time as the multilateral
commission determines, or
(iii) enter into binding agreements with
the offending signatory nation that commit such
nation to--
(I) eliminate, or phase out, the
act, policy, or practice that
constitutes an unfair trade practice
and that is the subject of the action
to be taken under clause (i) or (ii),
(II) eliminate any burden or
restriction on Western Hemisphere
trade, as defined in the FTAA,
resulting from such unfair trade
practice,
(III) provide the aggrieved
signatory nation with compensatory
trade benefits that are satisfactory to
the multilateral commission and meet
the requirements of subparagraph (F),
or
(IV) enter into debt-for-science
exchanges, or similar arrangements, as
appropriate, that are satisfactory to
the multilateral commission and that
serve, as potential funding sources for
remedies recommended under paragraph
(5), to ameliorate the issues in
dispute pursuant to subparagraph (B);
(F) provision that any binding agreement described
in subparagraph (E)(iii)(III) provide compensatory
trade benefits (including, but not limited to,
appropriate fees on trans-border movements of products,
services, or capital) that benefit the economic sector
which includes the domestic industry in the aggrieved
signatory nation that would benefit from the
elimination of the act, policy, or practice that
constitutes an unfair trade practice and that is the
subject of the action to be taken under subparagraph
(E), or benefit the economic sector within the
aggrieved signatory nation as closely related as
possible to such sector, unless--
(i) the provision of such trade benefits is
not feasible, or
(ii) trade benefits that benefit any other
economic sector within the aggrieved signatory
nation would be clearly and substantially more
satisfactory than such trade benefits;
(G) provision for the multilateral commission, in
taking action against unfair trade practices, as
defined in the FTAA, to avoid diminishing higher
protections accorded worker rights and standards and
environmental quality and protection and to give
preference to the prompt elimination of the act,
policy, or practice at issue over--
(i) the imposition of duties or other
offsetting import restrictions or compensatory
trade benefits, or
(ii) the entering into of debt relief
arrangements described in subparagraph
(E)(iii)(IV);
(H) provision for the government of any signatory
nation or any informed person within a signatory nation
to file a petition requesting the multilateral
commission to take action under subparagraph (E)
against any unfair trade practice, including the
systematic denial or practical nullification of worker
rights and standards and failure to apply or enforce
standards relating to environmental quality or
protection (referred to in paragraphs (1) and (2)), and
setting forth the allegations in support of the request
in public hearings and written testimony; and
(I) provision for the proceedings, record, and
decisions (along with the supporting rationale) of the
multilateral commission to be made public information.

SEC. 3. INTERAGENCY COMMITTEE.

(a) Establishment.--In the event of the establishment of a
multilateral Commission described in paragraph (4) of section 2, the
Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall
establish, through the Federal Coordinating Council for Science,
Engineering, and Technology, an interagency committee to provide
technical assistance, advice, and recommendations to United States
experts on the multilateral commission. The interagency committee shall
include one representative from each of the following agencies:
(1) The National Science Foundation.
(2) The Environmental Protection Agency.
(3) Department of Labor.
(4) The Department of the Interior.
(5) The Department of Agriculture.
(6) The Department of Energy.
(7) The National Institute of Standards and Technology.
(8) The Department of Justice.
(b) Specific Functions.--In addition to the general functions
referred to in subsection (a), the interagency committee established
under such subsection shall evaluate the scientific and technological
aspects of certain disputes brought before the multilateral commission
that pertain to environmental quality and protection and to workplace
safety and health, and shall determine if violations related to the
disputes reflect--
(1) inadequate or insufficient application of known
technologies and techniques for mitigation of the violations,
or
(2) need for additional research on, and the development
of, new technologies and techniques for mitigation of the
violations.
Consistent with paragraph (4)(G) of section 2, and after consultations
with State and local government officials and a wide array of
representative organizations with expertise in environmental, labor,
agricultural, and scientific matters, the interagency committee shall
recommend to the United States experts on the multilateral commission,
when appropriate, specific technological remedies to eliminate
violations or further research that is needed to develop scientific and
technological remedies.

SEC. 4. REQUIREMENTS FOR FUTURE TRADE AGREEMENTS PURSUANT TO THE FREE
TRADE AGREEMENT FOR THE AMERICAS AND ANY INTERIM
AGREEMENTS.

The authority of the President to enter into any trade agreement
under subsection (b) or (c) of section 1102 of the Omnibus Trade and
Competitiveness Act of 1988 (19 U.S.C. 2902) after January 1, 1995, or
other authority provided by statute to enter into trade agreements
described in such subsections, may be exercised only if the trade
agreement contains provisions that require each party to the agreement
to--
(1) adopt and enforce laws to afford to workers in that
country (including any designated zone in that country) worker
rights and standards described in paragraph (1) of section 2;
(2) adopt and enforce laws to promote respect for
environmental quality and protection in that country (including
any designated zone in that country) described in paragraph (2)
of section 2;
(3) treat as actionable unfair trade practices the
systematic or practical nullification of the protection
accorded worker rights and standards and environmental quality
(within the context of paragraphs (1) and (2) of section 2) as
a means for any country or its industries to gain competitive
advantage in international trade, commerce, or finance; and
(4) comply with the procedures, binding rulings, and
enforcement actions of the dispute resolution mechanism
developed pursuant to paragraph (4) of section 2.
Fair International Standards in Trade for the Americas Act of 1995 (sic) - States that the purposes and objectives of any free-trade area trade agreement in furtherance of the proposed Free Trade Agreement for the Americas include the following principal negotiating objectives: (1) specified worker rights, standards and protection; (2) environmental quality and protection; (3) identification of the systematic denial or practical nullification of worker rights and environmental quality as unfair trade practices; and (4) a comprehensive dispute resolution process meeting specified requirements.
Instructs the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy to establish an interagency committee to provide technical consultation services if a multilateral commission is established for comprehensive dispute resolution.
States that the President's authority to enter into free-trade area trade agreements may be exercised only if such agreements reflect the provisions of this Act.