Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
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Question: Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are commonly used during hemodialysis. Early failure of AVFs is quite common with incidence of 43% to 63%. In this study we aimed to describe a novel approach to AVF surgery for improving early patency rates.', 'Patients were divided into two groups according to use of probing and warm-wash-out technique. Group I consisted of 31 patients with additional probing technique. Group II consisted of 32 patients without additional maneuver. End-to-side anastomosis were used to all patients. Technical success was defined as having palpation of a thrill on fistula. Flow rates of draining vein was measured at 1st hour, 24th hour, 1st week and 3rd week of surgery.', 'Classical maneuvers were performed until end of the anastomosis. At this time, vein lumen was washed by low-dosed heparinized warm fluid, with assistance of a simple catheter.', 'Technical success was similar in both groups at 1st hour and 24th hour, while there were significantly differences between groups at 1st week (p = 0.042) and 3rd week (p = 0.05) assessments. Flow rates were also measured significantly higher in Group I at 1st hour (p = 0.011) and 24th hour (p = 0.016). Flow rates were almost similar in two groups at 1st and 3rd weeks but overall success rate was higher in Group I comparing with Group II (96.8% vs. 81.3%, respectively, p = 0.05).

Answer: 1

Question: This magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of 26 subjects with nasal congestion was performed to assess in the complete nasal passage both the anatomical effect of the marketed Breathe Right Nasal Strip (BRNS) relative to placebo and the potential adjunctive effect of using a decongestant in combination with the BRNS.', 'Randomized, crossover study.', 'The study consisted of two parts, the first involving application of either the BRNS or the placebo strip in a randomized, crossover design with evaluator blinding, and repeated MRI scanning; and the second a sequential process of decongestant administration, MRI scanning, application of the BRNS, and repeated MRI. The same anatomical MRI protocol was used throughout. Nasal patency was assessed in the whole nasal passage and eight subregions (by inferior-superior, anterior-posterior division). Numerical response scores representing subjective nasal congestion were also obtained.', 'Results demonstrate significant anatomical enlargement with the BRNS relative to placebo (P < .001), as well as an additive effect of using a decongestant in combination with the BRNS; both supported by a strong and significant negative correlation with the subjective nasal response measures of nasal congestion (r = -0.98, P = .002). Furthermore, analysis of the nasal subregions indicates that this adjunctive effect arises from a partially localized action of the complementary products: the BRNS acting primarily anteriorly in the nose and the decongestant mainly posteriorly.

Answer: 1

Question: To examine the regulatory aspects of zinc-2-glycoprotein (ZAG) association with obesity-related insulin resistance.', 'ZAG mRNA and protein were analyzed in subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) and circulation of lean, obese, prediabetic, and type 2 diabetic men; both subcutaneous and visceral AT were explored in lean and extremely obese. Clinical and ex vivo findings were corroborated by results of in vitro ZAG silencing experiment.', 'Subcutaneous AT ZAG was reduced in obesity, with a trend to further decrease with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. ZAG was 3.3-fold higher in subcutaneous than in visceral AT of lean individuals. All differences were lost in extreme obesity. Obesity-associated changes in AT were not paralleled by alterations of circulating ZAG. Subcutaneous AT ZAG correlated with adiposity, adipocyte hypertrophy, whole-body and AT insulin sensitivity, mitochondrial content, expression of GLUT4, PGC1, and adiponectin. Subcutaneous AT ZAG and adipocyte size were the only predictors of insulin sensitivity, independent on age and BMI. Silencing ZAG resulted in reduced adiponectin, IRS1, GLUT4, and PGC1 gene expression in primary human adipocytes.

Answer:
1