Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Aneuploidy An individual with the appropriate number of chromosomes for their species is called euploid; in humans, euploidy corresponds to 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes. An individual with an error in chromosome number is described as aneuploid, a term that includes monosomy (loss of one chromosome) or trisomy (gain of an extraneous chromosome). Monosomic human zygotes missing any one copy of an autosome invariably fail to develop to birth because they lack essential genes. This underscores the importance of "gene dosage" in humans. Most autosomal trisomies also fail to develop to birth; however, duplications of some of the smaller chromosomes (13, 15, 18, 21, or 22) can result in offspring that survive for several weeks to many years. Trisomic individuals suffer from a different type of genetic imbalance: an excess in gene dose. Individuals with an extra chromosome may synthesize an abundance of the gene products encoded by that chromosome. This extra dose (150 percent) of specific genes can lead to a number of functional challenges and often precludes development. The most common trisomy among viable births is that of chromosome 21, which corresponds to Down Syndrome. Individuals with this inherited disorder are characterized by short stature and stunted digits, facial distinctions that include a broad skull and large tongue, and significant developmental delays. The incidence of Down syndrome is correlated with maternal age; older women are more likely to become pregnant with fetuses carrying the trisomy 21 genotype (Figure 13.7). Q: An individual with the appropriate number of what for their species is called euploid; abnormalities in this number include trisomy and monosomy? A:

OPTIONS:
- ribosomes
- neutrons
- genes
- chromosomes

A: chromosomes

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Alkenes can react with water to form alcohols. Q: Alkenes can react with what to form alcohols? A:

OPTIONS:
- air
- proteins
- sugars
- water

A: water

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Ribozymes are RNA molecules that catalyze chemical reactions, such as translation. Ribosomes, which are just made out of rRNA (ribosomal RNA) and protein, have been classified as ribozymes , because the rRNA has enzymatic activity. The rRNA is important for the peptidyl transferase activity that bonds amino acids. Briefly, the ribosomes interact with other RNA molecules to make chains of amino acids called polypeptide chains, due to the peptide bond that forms between individual amino acids. Inside the ribosome, three sites participate in the translation process, the A, P and E sites. Translation will be discussed in detail the Protein Synthesis: Translation (Advanced) concept. Q: Ribozymes are rna molecules that catalyze what? A:

OPTIONS:
- liquid reactions
- hormonal reactions
- protein molecules
- chemical reactions

A: chemical reactions

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Figure 11.26 Applying a pressure greater than the osmotic pressure of a solution will reverse osmosis. Solvent molecules from the solution are pushed into the pure solvent. Q: Applying a pressure greater than the osmotic pressure of a solution will do what? A:

OPTIONS:
- ultrafiltration
- osmosis
- normal osmosis
- reverse osmosis

A:
reverse osmosis