Ques:Answer the following question given this paragraph: General Structure of a Vertebra Within the different regions of the vertebral column, vertebrae vary in size and shape, but they all follow a similar structural pattern. A typical vertebra will consist of a body, a vertebral arch, and seven processes (Figure 7.23). The body is the anterior portion of each vertebra and is the part that supports the body weight. Because of this, the vertebral bodies progressively increase in size and thickness going down the vertebral column. The bodies of adjacent vertebrae are separated and strongly united by an intervertebral disc. The vertebral arch forms the posterior portion of each vertebra. It consists of four parts, the right and left pedicles and the right and left laminae. Each pedicle forms one of the lateral sides of the vertebral arch. The pedicles are anchored to the posterior side of the vertebral body. Each lamina forms part of the posterior roof of the vertebral arch. The large opening between the vertebral arch and body is the vertebral foramen, which contains the spinal cord. In the intact vertebral column, the vertebral foramina of all of the vertebrae align to form the vertebral (spinal) canal, which serves as the bony protection and passageway for the spinal cord down the back. When the vertebrae are aligned together in the vertebral column, notches in the margins of the pedicles of adjacent vertebrae together form an intervertebral foramen, the opening through which a spinal nerve exits from the vertebral column (Figure 7.24). Q: What separates and strongly unites bodies of adjacent vertebrae? Choices: - synovial fluid - collagen fibers - interstitial fluid - intervertebral disc A:

Ans:intervertebral disc
-----
Ques:Answer the following question given this paragraph: Give examples of energy conversions between potential and kinetic energy. Q: Two important types of energy that can be converted to one another include potential and what? Choices: - physical - thermal - magnetic - kinetic A:

Ans:kinetic
-----
Ques:Answer the following question given this paragraph: Whales and bats have the trait of echolocation. This is the ability to locate objects in the dark by bouncing sound waves off them. The most recent common ancestor of whales and bats did not have this trait. Apply lesson concepts to explain how the trait evolved in whales and bats. Q: What term is defined as the ability to locate objects in the dark by bouncing sound waves off them. Choices: - morphology - night vision - thermodynamics - echolocation A:

Ans:echolocation
-----
Ques:Answer the following question given this paragraph: Inside the atom, two types of subatomic particles have electric charge: electrons, which have an electric charge of -1, and protons, which have an opposite but equal electric charge of +1. The model of an atom in the Figure below shows both types of charged particles. Protons are found inside the nucleus at the center of the atom, and they give the nucleus a positive charge. (There are also neutrons in the nucleus, but they have no electric charge. ) Negative electrons stay in the area surrounding the positive nucleus because of the electromagnetic force of attraction between them. Q: What kind of charges do protons give the nucleus? Choices: - negative - dynamic - neutral - positive A:

Ans:
positive
-----