Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Let me give you an example: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous disease with an uncertain pathogenesis. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) represent a recently discovered cell population which has been implicated in driving Th2 inflammation in CRS; however, their relationship with clinical disease characteristics has yet to be investigated. The aim of this study was to identify ILC2s in sinus mucosa in patients with CRS and controls and compare ILC2s across characteristics of disease. A cross-sectional study of patients with CRS undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery was conducted. Sinus mucosal biopsies were obtained during surgery and control tissue from patients undergoing pituitary tumour resection through transphenoidal approach. ILC2s were identified as CD45(+) Lin(-) CD127(+) CD4(-) CD8(-) CRTH2(CD294)(+) CD161(+) cells in single cell suspensions through flow cytometry. ILC2 frequencies, measured as a percentage of CD45(+) cells, were compared across CRS phenotype, endotype, inflammatory CRS subtype and other disease characteristics including blood eosinophils, serum IgE, asthma status and nasal symptom score. 35 patients (40% female, age 48 17 years) including 13 with eosinophilic CRS (eCRS), 13 with non-eCRS and 9 controls were recruited. ILC2 frequencies were associated with the presence of nasal polyps (P = 0.002) as well as high tissue eosinophilia (P = 0.004) and eosinophil-dominant CRS (P = 0.001) (Mann-Whitney U). They were also associated with increased blood eosinophilia (P = 0.005). There were no significant associations found between ILC2s and serum total IgE and allergic disease. In the CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) population, ILC2s were increased in patients with co-existing asthma (P = 0.03). ILC2s were also correlated with worsening nasal symptom score in CRS (P = 0.04).
The answer to this example can be: 1
Here is why: There is a line in the passage which say 'The aim of this study was...' which suggests that it is talking about a specific aim. Hence, the output should be 1 as this passage has a definite aim.

OK. solve this:
For many drugs, steady-state concentration-time profiles are often not optimally characterised by the intrinsic terminal elimination half-life for various reasons, including multiexponential disposition with minimal contribution of the terminal phase to steady-state exposure or use of controlled-release formulations with extended zero- or mixed zero-/first-order absorption. In such cases, 'effective' or 'functional' half-life (t((1/2)F)) has often been used to characterise steady-state pharmacokinetics. Valproic acid, commonly used in neuropsychiatry, has an elimination half-life of 4-16 hours in different populations (children vs adults, enzyme-induced vs uninduced). Divalproex-ER, a once-daily extended- release divalproex sodium formulation, is designed to release valproic acid over >18 hours. Hence the steady-state divalproex-ER concentration-time profiles have small peak-trough fluctuations that are not optimally characterised by valproic acid elimination half-life. In this study, the value of t((1/2)F) was calculated to characterise divalproex-ER steady-state concentration-time profiles.", 'The value of t((1/2)F), defined as the time taken for the concentration to drop by one-half during a dosing interval (tau) at steady state, was derived using steady-state maximum (C(max)) and minimum (C(min)) plasma concentration and tau values, and calculated as ln(2)/(ln [C(max)/C(min)]/tau). The t((1/2)F) values of valproic acid in adult hepatic enzyme-uninduced healthy subjects and enzyme-induced epilepsy patients were calculated from five pharmacokinetic studies in which divalproex-ER was administered once daily for 6-14 days.', 'The estimated geometric mean t((1/2)F) in uninduced adults was 40.0 hours versus the expected elimination half-life of 12-16 hours in this population (including patients on valproic acid monotherapy); for induced patients, t((1/2)F) was 26.9 hours versus the expected elimination half-life of 6-12 hours.
Answer:
0