INPUT ARTICLE: Article: The scrotum of a bull should look football shaped, and for most yearlings, scrotal circumference should range from 35" to 40", depending on the breed. Smaller bulls tend to have smaller scrotal circumferences than big bulls. Irregular shaped testicles (uneven size, epididymis not at the bottom of the testes, etc.) can be genetically passed on to sons and daughters. Scrotal conformation in sons could be worse, and in daughters, udder conformation could cause decrease in milking ability, large teats, sagginess in the udder, and cause the udder to break down early. A cow should have an udder with uniform quarters and small teats. Each teat should be equally spaced under each quarter. Teats should not be large, as large teats make it more difficult for a newborn calf to latch onto and suckle from or to get adequate colostrum from. The udder should the tucked neatly away in between her hind legs, with a level udder floor and no exhibition of any quartering (i.e., one quarter is larger than the other). The udder should blend in with the lower part of the belly quite smoothly, with no V or crevice between the udder and the belly. It should attach high up behind the back legs, and not be tilted up in front or down in the back. The median suspensory ligament is responsible for proper attachment to the cow's body wall. A poor suspensory ligament will allow the udder to hang down too far from the body and subjects the udder to serious problems like mastitis and risk of injury. Like in dairy cows, producers that select for more milk production in terms of higher maternal weaning weight and milk Expected Progeny Difference (EPD) values have a moderate genetic antagonism with udder quality. Thus, it is always best to match genetics with environmental conditions you are raising your cattle in, and never go to extremes, especially with beef cows.

SUMMARY: Scrotal conformation in bulls: Teat and udder conformation in cows: Poor udder conformation in your beef or dairy herd will reduce udder longevity of your cattle.

INPUT ARTICLE: Article: , It would be wise to start thinking of a good topic to write about. Like all songs, they all are about one or more specific topics. So start brainstorming some good topics and writing them down to view which one(s) you feel most strong about. It is possible to write using more than one topic but for now, we'll just stick to one to stay away from confusion. Some goods examples are: Winnie The Pooh, Star Wars, gross things, your weaknesses, and whatever else you can come up with that you would like to make fun of. Remember, this is a "CHEESY" rap song. You want it to be funny and humorous. So try to make fun of the topic you write about. Okay, since you've got your topic, now we're going to start the writing process. Based on your topic, you need a title for your song. Why are you writing about that topic? What are some characteristics about it? Also try to make it as funny as possible. Try your best, it doesn't have to be perfect. After you've come up with a title, now for the lines of the song. Try to think of the topic's weaknesses and what makes it funny. try to think of things out of the ordinary to spice things up. For example, if the topic was Winnie The Pooh, you could consider writing about him in another life style. Wearing baggy jeans, Air Force Ones, bling, and making it come from HIS point of view, talking about his life being gangsta. This is just an example. When writing lines in the rap song, make sure you structure it properly to when it comes time for you to test it out and rap it, the words flow nicely. Kind of to a specific beat. Here's a bad example: Blah blah blah blah Blah blah blah blah blah blah blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah! See how the words don't add up? If somebody were to rap this song to a beat, it would be not only confusing, but the song wouldn't sound nice or flow steadily. Keep this in mind because it's VERY important. After you've written your song successfully, it's time for you to rap it. Depending on what your topic is, try not to rap aggressively and obnoxiously. Try not to sound nervous either. Rapping takes practice so it would be a good idea to go over the song a few times by yourself before you perform it in front of somebody. That way, you don't embarrass yourself and mess up. Use a calm confident voice so the audience won't get bored of you rampaging around flinging your arms and yelling. Also, try not to sound like a robot. Use expression in your voice when rapping. When you listen to your favorite rapper, he uses expression in certain words. It makes the whole song sound a lot better than just sticking to one voice. Lastly have fun! And remember, this song is meant to be funny and cheesy. You can also use these steps to write about a serious rap song too.

SUMMARY: Think about your topic. Write. Title. Remember structure. Rap it. Keep it fun.

INPUT ARTICLE: Article: A common worry when moving a cat is that the cat will need to eat, drink, or do its business. In general, when your cat goes into the carrier, it will go into hiding and resting mode, and won't want to do these things, anyway. To make the cat more comfortable, however, don't feed them anything, so they'll be able to ride without having to go to the bathroom. Some people suggest withholding food from the cat for 8 hours, if your cat gets car-sick regularly. If you're going on a longer trip, though, it's likely the cat won't eat during that time, so it's better to feed the cat normally leading up to the drive. If your trip will last less than one day, you don't need to worry about food, water, or bathroom breaks for the cat, and until your cat has a special medical concern it's much better to just leave your cat in the carrier while you're traveling, until you arrive at your destination. After eight hours or so, your cat will need a break and need to be let out for a trip to the litter box and some water. If you're going on a multi-day drive, you can let the cat out of the carrier in the evenings at the hotel, or wherever you're staying. There, you can provide food and water, though cats will commonly only be interested in drinking a bit and using the litter box. Never, under any circumstances, leave a cat in the car. Cars can overheat extremely quickly, making them death traps for your pet. Leave the litter box easily accessible until the very last minute, when you're ready to put the cat into the carrier, then clean up the litter box and make it the last thing you bring, or discard. If you have an appropriately sized litter box, most cats won't try to use it to do their business. It's not recommended that you try to use a big carrier and put litter inside. Once you've got the cat inside the carrier, put the carrier in the car, or whatever you're moving with, and leave the cat alone as much as possible. It's common to keep the carrier covered with a light blanket, as long as there is enough air circulation. Making the space dark can help to calm the cat down and encourage them to sleep. Don't stick your fingers through the cage, or move the carrier around, or attempt to let the cat out of the carrier. Just leave the cat alone to calm down. Try to keep the radio off, or very low, and keep your voices as low as possible during the trip. Loud sounds can be quite agitating for your cat, so Try to keep things no louder than the gentle hum of the air conditioner.

SUMMARY:
Don't feed the cat before putting them in the carrier. Keep each day of a drive to eight hours or less. Give the cat the chance to use the litter box before leaving. Put the cat in the carrier and don't take the cat out once you've arrived. Keep the car cool and quiet.