Please answer this: Information: - William John Swainson FLS, FRS (8 October 1789 6 December 1855), was an English ornithologist, malacologist, conchologist, entomologist and artist. - Nicholas Aylward Vigors (1785 26 October 1840) was an Irish zoologist and politician. He popularized the classification of birds on the basis of the quinarian system. - William Sharp Macleay or McLeay (21 July 1792 26 January 1865) was a British civil servant and entomologist. - Johann Jakob Kaup ( April 10 , 1803 - July 4 , 1873 ) was a German naturalist . A proponent of natural philosophy , he believed in an innate mathematical order in nature and he attempted biological classifications based on the Quinarian system . - Philosophy (from Greek , "philosophia", literally "love of wisdom") is the study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. The term was probably coined by Pythagoras (c. 570 c. 495 BC). Philosophical methods include questioning, critical discussion, rational argument and systematic presentation. Classic philosophical questions include: Is it possible to know anything and to prove it? What is most real? However, philosophers might also pose more practical and concrete questions such as: Is there a best way to live? Is it better to be just or unjust (if one can get away with it)? Do humans have free will? - Johann Jakob Kaup (10 April 1803 4 July 1873) was a German naturalist. A proponent of natural philosophy, he believed in an innate mathematical order in nature and he attempted biological classifications based on the Quinarian system. Biography. He was born at Darmstadt. After studying at Gottingen and Heidelberg he spent two years at Leiden, where his attention was specially devoted to the amphibians and fishes. He then returned to Darmstadt as an assistant in the grand ducal museum, of which in 1840 he became inspector. In 1829 he published "Skizze zur Entwickelungsgeschichte der europaischen Thierwelt", in which he regarded the animal world as developed from lower to higher forms, from the amphibians through the birds to the beasts of prey; but subsequently he repudiated this work as a youthful indiscretion, and on the publication of Darwin's "Origin of Species" he declared himself against its doctrines. The extensive fossil deposits in the neighbourhood of Darmstadt gave him ample opportunities for palaeontological inquiries, and he gained considerable reputation by his "Beitrage zur naheren Kenntniss der urweltlichen Saugethiere" (18551862). He also wrote "Classification der Saugethiere und Vogel" (1844), and, with Heinrich Georg Bronn, "Die Gavial-artigen Reste aus dem Lias" (18421844). - The Quinarian system was a method of zoological classification which had a brief period of popularity in the mid 19th century, especially among British naturalists. It was largely developed by the entomologist William Sharp MacLeay in 1819. The system was further promoted in the works of Nicholas Aylward Vigors, William John Swainson and Johann Jakob Kaup. Swainson's work on ornithology gave wide publicity to the idea. The system had opponents even before the publication of Charles Darwin's "On the Origin of Species" (1859 ) which paved the way for evolutionary trees. - Natural philosophy or philosophy of nature (from Latin "philosophia naturalis") was the philosophical study of nature and the physical universe that was dominant before the development of modern science. It is considered to be the precursor of natural science. Given the paragraphs above, decide what entity has the relation 'date of death' with '4 july 1873'.
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Answer: johann jakob kaup

Q: Information: - Japheth (', '; '; ), meaning "enlarge", is one of the sons of Noah in the Abrahamic tradition. In Arabic citations, his name is normally given as Yafeth bin Nuh ("Japheth, son of Noah"). - Ashkenaz is a term found in a number of contexts. It is found in the Hebrew Bible to refer to one of the descendants of Noah as well as to a reference to a kingdom of Ashkenaz. Ashkenaz is the first son of Gomer, and a Japhetic patriarch in the Table of Nations. - Togarmah (Hebrew: ) is a figure in the "table of nations" in Genesis 10, the list of descendants of Noah that represents the peoples known to the ancient Hebrews. Togarmah is among the descendants of Japheth and is thought to represent some people located in Anatolia. Medieval traditions variously claimed Togarmah as the mythical ancestor of peoples in the Caucasus and western Asia, including the Georgians, the Armenians and some Turkic peoples (ie. Oghuzes, Khazars, Bulgars). - Gomer (, Standard Hebrew "Gomer", Tiberian Hebrew "Gmer") was the eldest son of Japheth (and of the Japhetic line), and father of Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah, according to the "Table of Nations" in the Hebrew Bible (Genesis 10). - Riphath ( Hebrew : ) was Gomer 's second son according to the Table of Nations in the Hebrew Bible ( Gen. 10:3 , 1 Chronicles 1:6 ) . The name appears in some copies of 1 Chronicles as '' Diphath '' , due to the similarities of the characters resh and dalet in the Hebrew and Aramaic alphabets . He was supposed by Flavius Josephus to have been the ancestor of the '' Riphatheans , now called Paphlagonians '' . Hippolytus of Rome made him the ancestor of the '' Sauromatians '' ( as distinct from the '' Sarmatians '' , whom he called descendants of Riphath 's elder brother , Ashkenaz ) . Riphath has often been connected with the Riphean Mountains of classical Greek geography , in whose foothills the Arimaspi ( also called Arimphaei or Riphaeans ) were said to live . These were usually identified with the Ural Mountains in authors such as Pliny the Elder . August Wilhelm Knobel proposed that Riphath begat the Celtic peoples , who according to Plutarch had crossed from the Riphaean Mountains while en route to Northern Europe . Some versions of the Middle Irish work Lebor Gabala Erenn give as an alternate name '' Riphath Scot '' son of Gomer , in place of Fenius Farsa , as a Scythian ancestor of the Goidels . Given the paragraphs above, decide what entity has the relation 'brother' with 'togarmah'.
A:
riphath