Given a question and a context passage, generate the answer having the word or phrase from the context passage. Here, the answer should be a shortest continous span from the passage.

Input: Consider Input: Context: Yosemite Sam runs for mayor of a small town, and in his campaign speech, he makes several empty promises like "There's enough fresh air and sunshine in this great country of ours for everybody - and I'll see to it that you'll get your share!" As the speech continues, we see that Bugs Bunny is drinking carrot juice beneath Sam's podium. When Sam pledges to make good on a previous promise "to rid this country of every last rabbit", Bugs decides that the best way to fight him is to run for mayor against him. Bugs soon tries to win the townspeople over with Theodore Roosevelt's famous quote "I speak softly, but I carry a big stick!", which leads Sam to declare "I speak LOUD and I carry a BIGGER stick, and I use it too!".Sam has several tricks up his sleeve, but Bugs finds a way to answer every one. When Sam steals Bugs' cigar stand, Bugs switches the "Smello" cigars he had been selling for five-cent "Atom" explosive cigars (the box includes the slogan "You Will Get A BANG Out of This"). Sam gives a cigar to a man, but after the cigar explodes, the man punches Sam in the face. Sam then sends a box full of "assorted" picnic ants to steal all of the food at Bugs' picnic, which leads Bugs to hide a stick of dynamite in a watermelon being stolen.Sam rigs up a cannon at the front door of Bugs' headquarters, then turns up at the back door greeting Bugs in a friendly manner. When he taps his foot on the floor, he suggests that someone is knocking at the front door, and Bugs leaves Sam and goes to answer it, but this plan backfires when Bugs tells Sam that it was someone for him, and she said to mention St. Louis, which leads Sam to think that a pretty girl named Emma is there. Sam runs to the front door, opens it and gets shot by his own cannon.Sam's next challenge is to ask Bugs if he can "play the pi-anna". Bugs accepts, so Sam rigs an explosive in a particular piano key, and presents the piano to Bugs with a sheet of music containing the tune "Those Endearing Young Charms". When Bugs plays the tune, he deliberately hits a sour note that avoids the explosive key. When Bugs gets the note wrong a second time, it infuriates Sam, who shows Bugs how to play the tune correctly, and falls for his own trap by playing the note that sets off the explosion.After this, Sam and Bugs engage in a short pursuit through the streets of the town, which ends when they come across a parade that celebrates the newly-elected mayor - a chestnut horse who rides in a car bearing a sign that says "Our New Mare" - a literal "dark horse" candidate. This leads Bugs to make the odd suggestion to Sam to play a game of Russian Roulette and hand a gun to Sam. Sam agrees to the game, points the gun to his head, closes his eyes, pulls the trigger and hears the click of an empty barrel. Sam then passes the gun to Bugs, who points it to his head, closes his eyes and pulls the trigger as the film irises out into black in the middle. We hear the sound of a gunshot, then the film irises in on the left hand side to reveal a ducking Bugs, who holds a smoking gun as he says "I missed". A second iris appears on the right hand side to show Sam, who appears scorched and is missing his hat as a result of being hit in the face by Bugs' wayward shot. After Sam says "I hate that rabbit!", both sides of the film iris out for good.
Question: Who was the "dark horse" candidate?

Output: the newly-elected mayor - a chestnut horse

Input: Consider Input: Context: The male reproductive organs include the penis, testes, and epididymis ( Figure 1.1). The figure also shows other parts of the male reproductive system. The penis is a cylinder-shaped organ. It contains the urethra. The urethra is a tube that carries urine out of the body. The urethra also carries sperm out of the body. This drawing shows the organs of the male reproductive system. It shows the organs from the side. Find each organ in the drawing as you read about it in the text. The two testes (singular, testis) are egg-shaped organs. They produce sperm and secrete testosterone. The testes are found inside of the scrotum. The scrotum is a sac that hangs down outside the body. The scrotum also contains the epididymis. The testes, being in the scrotum outside the body, allow the temperature of the sperm to be maintained at a few degrees lower than body temperature. This is necessary for the stability of these reproductive cells. The epididymis is a tube that is about six meters (20 feet) long in adults. It is tightly coiled, so it fits inside the scrotum. It rests on top of the testes. The epididymis is where sperm grow larger and mature. The epididymis also stores sperm until they leave the body. Other parts of the male reproductive system include the vas deferens and the prostate gland. Both of these structures are pictured below ( Figure 1.1). The vas deferens is a tube that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra. The prostate gland secretes a fluid that mixes with sperm to help form semen. The prostate gland is located beneath the bladder. Semen is a "milky" liquid that carries sperm through the urethra and out of the body. In addition to sperm cells, semen contains sugars (fructose) which provide energy to the sperm cells, and enzymes and other substances which help the sperm survive.
Question: what organ or gland sits on top of the testes?

Output: the epididymis

Input: Consider Input: Context: An infectious disease is a disease that is caused by a pathogen. A pathogen is an organism or virus that causes disease in another living thing. Pathogens are commonly called germs. Watch this dramatic video for an historic perspective on infectious diseases and their causes: . MEDIA Click image to the left or use the URL below. URL: There are several types of pathogens that cause diseases in human beings. They include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. The different types are described in Table 21.1. The table also lists several diseases caused by each type of pathogen. Many infectious diseases caused by these pathogens can be cured with medicines. For example, antibiotic drugs can cure most diseases caused by bacteria. Different pathogens spread in different ways. Some are easy to catch. Others are much less contagious. Some pathogens spread through food or water. When harmful bacteria contaminate food, they cause foodborne illness, commonly called food poisoning. An example of a pathogen that spreads through water is the protozoan named Giardia lamblia, described in Table 21.1. It causes a disease called giardiasis. Some pathogens spread through sexual contact. In the U.S., the pathogen most commonly spread this way is HPV, or human papillomavirus. It may cause genital warts and certain types of cancer. A vaccine can prevent the spread of this pathogen. Many pathogens spread by droplets in the air. Droplets are released when a person coughs or sneezes, as you can see in Figure 21.2. The droplets may be loaded with pathogens. Other people may get sick if they breathe in the pathogens on the droplets. Viruses that cause colds and flu can spread this way. Other pathogens spread when they are deposited on objects or surfaces. The fungus that causes athletes food spreads this way. For example, you might pick up the fungus from the floor of a public shower. You can also pick up viruses for colds and flu from doorknobs and other commonly touched surfaces. Still other pathogens are spread by vectors. A vector is an organism that carries pathogens from one person or animal to another. Most vectors are insects such as ticks or mosquitoes. They pick up pathogens when they bite an infected animal and then transmit the pathogens to the next animal they bite. Ticks spread the bacteria that cause Lyme disease. Mosquitoes spread the protozoa that cause malaria. What can you do to avoid infectious diseases? Eating well and getting plenty of sleep are a good start. These habits will help keep your immune system healthy. With a healthy immune system, you will be able to fight off many pathogens. Vaccines are available for some infectious diseases. For example, there are vaccines to prevent measles, mumps, whooping cough, and chicken pox. These vaccines are recommended for infants and young children. You can also take the following steps to avoid picking up pathogens or spreading them to others. Watch this video for additional information on preventing the spread of infectious diseases: MEDIA Click image to the left or use the URL below. URL: Wash your hands often with soap and water. Spend at least 20 seconds scrubbing with soap. See Figure 21.3 for effective hand washing tips. Avoid touching your eyes, nose, or mouth with unwashed hands. Avoid close contact with people who are sick. This includes kissing, hugging, shaking hands, and sharing cups or eating utensils. Cover your coughs and sneezes with a tissue or shirt sleeve, not your hands. Disinfect frequently touched surfaces, such as keyboards and doorknobs, especially if someone is sick. Stay home when you are sick. The best way to prevent diseases spread by vectors is to avoid contact with the vectors. For example, you can wear long sleeves and long pants to avoid tick and mosquito bites. Using insect repellent can also reduce your risk of insect bites.
Question: The common cold is
Output: an infectious disease.