Answer the following question given this paragraph: 9.3 Response to the Signal The initiation of a signaling pathway is a response to external stimuli. This response can take many different forms, including protein synthesis, a change in the cell's metabolism, cell growth, or even cell death. Many pathways influence the cell by initiating gene expression, and the methods utilized are quite numerous. Some pathways activate enzymes that interact with DNA transcription factors. Others modify proteins and induce them to change their location in the cell. Depending on the status of the organism, cells can respond by storing energy as glycogen or fat, or making it available in the form of glucose. A signal transduction pathway allows muscle cells to respond to immediate requirements for energy in the form of glucose. Cell growth is almost always stimulated by external signals called growth factors. Uncontrolled cell growth leads to cancer, and mutations in the genes encoding protein components of signaling pathways are often found in tumor cells. Programmed cell death, or apoptosis, is important for removing damaged or unnecessary cells. The use of cellular signaling to organize the dismantling of a cell ensures that harmful molecules from the cytoplasm are not released into the spaces between cells, as they are in uncontrolled death, necrosis. Apoptosis also ensures the efficient recycling of the components of the dead cell. Termination of the cellular signaling cascade is very important so that the response to a signal is appropriate in both timing and intensity. Degradation of signaling molecules and dephosphorylation of phosphorylated intermediates of the pathway by phosphatases are two ways to terminate signals within the cell. Q: Programmed cell death, which goes by what term, is important for removing damaged or unnecessary cells? Choices: - mytosis - synthesis - mutations - apoptosis A:
apoptosis
(Question)
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Hydraulic fracturing, known as fracking, is a relatively new method for extracting natural gas. Fracking may be linked to groundwater contamination and small earthquakes in non-seismic regions. Q: What is another term for hydraulic fracturing? Choices: - erupting - permeating - drilling - fracking A:
(Answer)
fracking
Ques: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Today most people realize that microorganisms, such as bacteria or viruses, are the cause of disease. This concept is known as the germ theory of disease, one of the few scientific theories in the field of the life sciences. Although it seems obvious now, people did not always understand the cause of disease. How does a theory such as this become established?. Q: What are the two most common causes of diseases? Choices: - bacteria and protazoa - viruses and protazoa - nutritional deficiencies - bacteria and viruses A:
Ans: bacteria and viruses
(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: A population is a group of organisms of the same species that live in the same area. All the genes in all the members of a population make up the population's gene pool . For each gene, the gene pool includes all the different alleles in the population. The gene pool can be described by its allele frequencies for specific genes. The frequency of an allele is the number of copies of that allele divided by the total number of alleles for the gene in the gene pool. Q: All the genes in all the members of a population make up its what? Choices: - phenotype - diversity - longevity - gene pool A:
(A).
gene pool
Ques:Answer the following question given this paragraph: African Giraffes. Giraffes feed on leaves high in trees. Their long necks allow them to reach leaves that other ground animals cannot. Q: What allows giraffes to reach leaves that other ground animals cannot? Choices: - camouflage pattern - long tongue - long horns - long necks A:

Ans:long necks
Ques: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The convection zone surrounds the radiative zone. In the convection zone, hot material from near the Sun's center rises. This material cools at the surface, and then plunges back downward. The material then receives more heat from the radiative zone. Q: Hot material from near the sun's center rises in which zone? Choices: - thermosphere - radiative zone - drifting zone - convection zone A:
Ans:
convection zone