Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Context: After formation of the linear heart tube a chamber-specific program of gene expression becomes active that underlies the formation of the chamber myocardium. To assess whether this program is recapitulated in in vitro differentiated embryonic stem cells, we performed qualitative and quantitative analyses of cardiogenesis in vivo and in vitro.', 'Gene expression profiles were made by in situ hybridisation and real-time PCR and electrophysiological profiles by patch clamp analyses of cardiomyocytes derived from time series of differentiating HM1 mouse embryonic stem cells and from embryonic and adult mouse hearts.', 'In embryoid bodies the in situ patterns of expression of alpha-myosin heavy chain, myosin light chain 2a and sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2a were similar to that of the heart muscle-specific marker gene cardiac troponin I. Myosin light chain 2v was expressed in part of the cardiac troponin I-expressing area, indicating heterogeneity within the cardiac cell population. Atrial natriuretic factor expression, indicative of the chamber-type program, could only very occasionally be detected by in situ hybridisation. Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR showed that all cardiac genes, most notably atrial natriuretic factor, were expressed at relatively low levels, similar to those in embryonic hearts at embryonic day 8.75-9. Analysis of the electrophysiological characteristics of embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes showed an increase of the upstroke velocity and a shorter duration of the action potential during prolonged differentiation in vitro. When embryonic mouse heart compartments of embryonic day 12.5 were used as a reference, the electrophysiological characteristics of a substantial part of the embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes were most reminiscent to those observed in the embryonic outflow tract.
Answer: Together, these data suggest that most cardiomyocytes acquired by differentiation of embryonic stem cells maintain a phenotype reminiscent of that of the cardiomyocytes of the primary heart tube, and hardly any myocytes develop a chamber myocardial phenotype.
Do cardiomyocytes derived from embryonic stem cells resemble cardiomyocytes of the embryonic heart tube?

Context: Besides chronic stress, chronic pain is a prevalent determinant for depression. Changes induced in specific brain regions by sustained pain may alter the processing of affective information, thus resulting in anxiodepressive disorders. Here, we compared the role of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the posterior insular cortex in the anxiodepressive, sensory, and affective aspects of chronic pain.', 'Neuropathic pain was induced by cuffing the right sciatic nerve of C57BL/6J mice. Lesions were performed by local injection of ibotenic acid and chronic activation of the ACC by optogenetic stimulation. Anxiodepressive-related behaviors were evaluated through the novelty suppressed feeding, marble burying, splash, and forced swimming tests. Mechanical thresholds were determined using von Frey filaments, and the relief of spontaneous pain was determined by using place conditioning.', 'The ACC lesion prevented the anxiodepressive consequences of chronic pain without affecting the sensory mechanical allodynia. Conversely, the tonic or spontaneous pain and the anxiodepressive consequences of pain remained present after posterior insular cortex lesion, even though the mechanical allodynia was suppressed. Furthermore, optogenetic stimulation of the ACC was sufficient to induce anxiety and depressive-like behaviors in naive animals.
Answer: Our results show that, at cortical level, the sensory component of chronic pain remains functionally segregated from its affective and anxiodepressive components. Spontaneous tonic pain and evoked allodynia can be experimentally dissociated. Furthermore, the ACC appears as a critical hub for mood disorders, including for the anxiodepressive consequences of chronic pain, and thus constitutes an important target for divulging the underlying mechanism.
Is the anterior cingulate cortex a critical hub for pain-induced depression?

Context: The literature seldom specifies the location or method of measurement of ST segment elevation (STE) for determining eligibility in reperfusion trials. The objective of this study was to assess if different methods of measurement of STE in precordial leads of patients with anterior acute myocardial infarction due to left anterior descending occlusion result in significantly different scores.', 'This was a retrospective review of diagnostic electrocardiograms (ECGs) of consecutive patients presenting to our emergency department with acute myocardial infarction who had emergent primary percutaneous coronary intervention, left anterior descending occlusion, and no bundle branch block. STE was measured at the J point and at 60 milliseconds after the J point, relative to the PR segment, in leads V1-V6. STE by the two methods was compared for each lead, as were ST scores (sum of STE in leads V1-V6) and the sum of the STE in V2-V4. Eligibility for reperfusion therapy using 1-mm and 2-mm STE criteria in two consecutive anterior leads, as well as ST scores and the sum of the STE in V2-V4, were evaluated.', 'Thirty-seven ECGs were analyzed. Mean ST measurements in every lead were significantly lower when measured at the J point versus 60 milliseconds after the J point, as were ST scores (9.7 +/- 2.14 mm vs. 14.9 +/- 2.69 mm; p < 0.00001). Fewer ECGs met enrollment criteria when based on STE at the J point versus at 60 milliseconds after the J point. Fewer ECGs met an ST score of 6 mm when measured at the J point (70% vs. 88%).
Answer: In anterior STE myocardial infarction, STE measurements produce different results depending on the method of measurement. Future clinical trials should specify the method of measurement.
Does sT segment elevation differ depending on the method of measurement?