Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

Cambridge English Dictionary states that culture is, "the way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs, of a particular group of people at a particular time." Terror Management Theory posits that culture is a series of activities and worldviews that provide humans with the illusion of being individuals of value in a world meaningraising themselves above the merely physical aspects of existence, in order to deny the animal insignificance and death that Homo Sapiens became aware of when they acquired a larger brain.

As a defining aspect of what it means to be human, culture is a central concept in anthropology, encompassing the range of phenomena that are transmitted through social learning in human societies. The word is used in a general sense as the evolved ability to categorize and represent experiences with symbols and to act imaginatively and creatively. This ability arose with the evolution of behavioral modernity in humans around 50,000 years ago.[citation needed] This capacity is often thought to be unique to humans, although some other species have demonstrated similar, though much less complex abilities for social learning. It is also used to denote the complex networks of practices and accumulated knowledge and ideas that is transmitted through social interaction and exist in specific human groups, or cultures, using the plural form. Some aspects of human behavior, such as language, social practices such as kinship, gender and marriage, expressive forms such as art, music, dance, ritual, religion, and technologies such as cooking, shelter, clothing are said to be cultural universals, found in all human societies. The concept material culture covers the physical expressions of culture, such as technology, architecture and art, whereas the immaterial aspects of culture such as principles of social organization (including, practices of political organization and social institutions), mythology, philosophy, literature (both written and oral), and science make up the intangible cultural heritage of a society.

1. What is Cambridge English Dictionary describing?
2. Culture is a central concept in what?
3. What kind of learning is anthropology interested in?
4. When did creativity begin to be seen in humans?
5. What is an example of a social practice?
6. Is music an expressive form?
7. Is art an expressive form?
8. Are there other examples?
9. What is an example of a technology?
10. Any other?
11. Are these found in every human society?
12. What is an example of a material aspect of culture?
13. What about immaterial aspects?
14. What theory says that culture is an illusion?
15. What species of human does the theory mention?
16. What kind of brain did they have?
17. Does culture involve a specific time?
18. What illusion does culture provide?
19. Individuals of what?
20. Are cultural universals found in all societies?

Numbered answers:

A: 1. culture
2. anthropology
3. social learning
4. maybe around 50,000 years ago
5. kinship, gender and marriage
6. yes
7. yes
8. yes
9. cooking
10. Yes, shelter, clothing
11. yes
12. technology
13. mythology
14. Terror Management Theory
15. Homo Sapiens
16. larger
17. yes
18. being individual
19. value
20. yes

Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form in the United States and United Kingdom during the mid-1950s. The terms "popular music" and "pop music" are often used interchangeably, although the former describes all music that is popular and includes many styles. "Pop" and "rock" were roughly synonymous terms until the late 1960s, when they became increasingly differentiated from each other.

Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music. Pop music is eclectic, and often borrows elements from other styles such as urban, dance, rock, Latin, and country; nonetheless, there are core elements that define pop music. Identifying factors include generally short to medium-length songs written in a basic format (often the verse-chorus structure), as well as common use of repeated choruses, melodic tunes, and hooks.

David Hatch and Stephen Millward define pop music as "a body of music which is distinguishable from popular, jazz, and folk musics". According to Pete Seeger, pop music is "professional music which draws upon both folk music and fine arts music". Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music. The music charts contain songs from a variety of sources, including classical, jazz, rock, and novelty songs. Pop music, as a genre, is seen as existing and developing separately. Thus "pop music" may be used to describe a distinct genre, designed to appeal to all, often characterized as "instant singles-based music aimed at teenagers" in contrast to rock music as "album-based music for adults".

1. What terms are often mixed up?
2. Don't they mean the same thing?
3. What's the difference?
4. Are pop and rock the same?
5. Were they at one time?
6. When?
7. Who is the first male mentioned by name?
8. What does he think?
9. Does anyone agree with him?
10. Who?
11. Is anyone else mentioned?
12. Name?
13. Does he agree with Hatch?
14. What does he think?

Numbered answers:

A: 1. popular music and pop music
2. no
3. popular music describes all music that is popular, pop is it's own genre
4. no
5. sort of
6. until the late 1960s
7. David Hatch
8. that pop music is "a body of music which is distinguishable from popular, jazz, and folk musics
9. yes
10. Stephen Millward
11. yes
12. Pete Seeger
13. no
14. pop music is "professional music which draws upon both folk music and fine arts music"

Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

Unicode is a computing industry standard for the consistent encoding, representation, and handling of text expressed in most of the world's writing systems. Developed in conjunction with the Universal Coded Character Set (UCS) standard and published as The Unicode Standard, the latest version of Unicode contains a repertoire of more than 120,000 characters covering 129 modern and historic scripts, as well as multiple symbol sets. The standard consists of a set of code charts for visual reference, an encoding method and set of standard character encodings, a set of reference data files, and a number of related items, such as character properties, rules for normalization, decomposition, collation, rendering, and bidirectional display order (for the correct display of text containing both right-to-left scripts, such as Arabic and Hebrew, and left-to-right scripts). As of June 2015[update], the most recent version is Unicode 8.0. The standard is maintained by the Unicode Consortium.

Unicode can be implemented by different character encodings. The most commonly used encodings are UTF-8, UTF-16 and the now-obsolete UCS-2. UTF-8 uses one byte for any ASCII character, all of which have the same code values in both UTF-8 and ASCII encoding, and up to four bytes for other characters. UCS-2 uses a 16-bit code unit (two 8-bit bytes) for each character but cannot encode every character in the current Unicode standard. UTF-16 extends UCS-2, using one 16-bit unit for the characters that were representable in UCS-2 and two 16-bit units (4 8 bits) to handle each of the additional characters.

1. how many common encodes?
2. are they all still in use?
3. what one is not longer used?
4. what is the first common one?
5. how many bytes does it use?
6. for what?
7. what is the second one?

Numbered answers:

A:
1. Three
2. No
3. UCS-2
4. UTF-8
5. one
6. any ASCII character
7. UTF-16