Problem: OPTIONS:
- liquid black
- dioxide black
- dark black
- carbon black
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Atoms within a graphite layer are bonded together tightly by the and bonds; however, the forces between layers are weak. London dispersion forces hold the layers together. To learn more, see the discussion of these weak forces in the chapter on liquids and solids. The weak forces between layers give graphite the soft, flaky character that makes it useful as the so-called "lead" in pencils and the slippery character that makes it useful as a lubricant. The loosely held electrons in the resonating bonds can move throughout the solid and are responsible for the electrical conductivity of graphite. Other forms of elemental carbon include carbon black, charcoal, and coke. Carbon black is an amorphous form of carbon prepared by the incomplete combustion of natural gas, CH4. It is possible to produce charcoal and coke by heating wood and coal, respectively, at high temperatures in the absence of air. Recently, new forms of elemental carbon molecules have been identified in the soot generated by a smoky flame and in the vapor produced when graphite is heated to very high temperatures in a vacuum or in helium. One of these new forms, first isolated by Professor Richard Smalley and coworkers at Rice University, consists of icosahedral (soccerball-shaped) molecules that contain 60 carbon atoms, C60. This is buckminsterfullerene (often called bucky balls) after the architect Buckminster Fuller, who designed domed structures, which have a similar appearance (Figure 18.22). Q: What is the amorphous form of carbon prepared by the incomplete combustion of natural gas? A:
Answer: carbon black

Problem:OPTIONS:
- remains stable
- folds
- sinks then rises
- rises then sinks

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Not long after Wegener's death, scientists recognized that there is convection in the mantle. Deeper material is hotter and so it rises. Near the surface, it becomes cooler and denser so it sinks. This creates a convection cell in the mantle. Q: How does deeper material cause convection in the mantle? A:
****
A: rises then sinks

Answer the following question given this paragraph: It may be logical to assume that the electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride, called brine , would yield the same result through the same reactions as the process in molten NaCl. However, the reduction reaction that occurs at the cathode does not produce sodium metal because the water is reduced instead. This is because the reduction potential for water is only -0.83 V compared to -2.71 V for the reduction of sodium ions. This makes the reduction of water preferable because its reduction potential is less negative. Chlorine gas is still produced at the anode, just as in the electrolysis of molten NaCl. Q: Where is chlorine gas produced? A:
OPTIONS:
- in the nucleus
- carbon cycle
- epidermis
- at the anode
at the anode

Answer the following question given this paragraph: How many species actually exist in the world? No one knows for sure because only a small percentage of them have already been discovered. Estimates range from 5 to 30 million total species currently in existence. Many of them live on coral reefs and in tropical rainforests (see Figure below ). These two ecosystems have some of the greatest biodiversity on the planet. Q: Coral reefs and tropical rainforests are ecosystems known for what, contributing greatly to the species in existence on earth? A:
OPTIONS:
- commensalism
- mass migrations
- spontaneous mutation
- biodiversity

Answer: biodiversity

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: What is the study of the vital statistics of populations and how they change over time? A:
OPTIONS:
- sociology
- ethnography
- anthropology
- demography
Answer: demography

input: OPTIONS:
- pyramid
- coil-shaped
- tubular
- hollow ball shaped Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Volvox Colony. Volvox cells live in a colony shaped like a hollow ball. The cells of the colony may be connected by strands of cytoplasm and can function together. For example, the whole colony can swim from one place to another as one. Q: What shape is the colony of a volvox cell? A:
A:
output:
hollow ball shaped