Question: Information: - Eleanor of Aquitaine ( French : Alienor / Eleonore ; 1122 or 1124 -- 1 April 1204 ) was one of the wealthiest and most powerful women in western Europe during the High Middle Ages and a member of the Ramnulfid dynasty of rulers in southwestern France . She became Duchess of Aquitaine in her own right while she was still a child , then later Queen consort of France ( 1137 -- 1152 ) and of England ( 1154 -- 1189 ) . She was the patron of literary figures such as Wace , Benoit de Sainte - Maure , and Bernart de Ventadorn . Eleanor 's succession to the duchy of Aquitaine in 1137 made her the most eligible bride in Europe . Three months after she became duchess , she married King Louis VII of France , son of her guardian , King Louis VI . As Queen of France , she participated in the unsuccessful Second Crusade . Soon after , Eleanor sought an annulment of her marriage , but her request was rejected by Pope Eugene III. However , after the birth of her second daughter Alix , Louis agreed to an annulment given that their union had not produced a son after fifteen years of marriage . The marriage was annulled on 11 March 1152 on the grounds of consanguinity within the fourth degree . Their daughters were declared legitimate and custody was awarded to Louis , while Eleanor 's lands were restored to her . As soon as the annulment was granted , Eleanor became engaged to Henry , Duke of Normandy and Count of Anjou , who became King Henry II of England in 1154 . Henry was her third cousin ( cousin of the third degree ) , and eleven years younger . The couple married on 18 May 1152 ( Whit Sunday ) , eight weeks after the annulment of Eleanor 's first marriage , in a cathedral in Poitiers , France . Over the next thirteen years , she bore Henry eight children : five sons , three of whom would become kings ; and three daughters . However , Henry and Eleanor eventually became estranged . Henry imprisoned her in 1173 for supporting her son Henry 's revolt against her husband . She was not released until 6 July 1189 , when Henry... - Bernart de Ventadorn (1130/1140 1190/1200), also known as Bernard de Ventadour or Bernat del Ventadorn, was a prominent troubadour of the classical age of troubadour poetry. Now thought of as "the Master Singer" he developed the "cancons" into a more formalized style which allowed for sudden turns. He is remembered for his mastery as well as popularisation of the "trobar leu" style, and for his prolific "cancons", which helped define the genre and establish the "classical" form of courtly love poetry, to be imitated and reproduced throughout the remaining century and a half of troubadour activity. - Europe is a continent that comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia. Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. To the east and southeast, Europe is generally considered as separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways of the Turkish Straits. Yet the non-oceanic borders of Europea concept dating back to classical antiquityare arbitrary. The primarily physiographic term "continent" as applied to Europe also incorporates cultural and political elements whose discontinuities are not always reflected by the continent's current overland boundaries. - Guyenne or Guienne was an old French province which corresponded roughly to the "Aquitania Secunda" of the Romans and the archdiocese of Bordeaux. - Pyrenees-Atlantiques (Gascon: "Pireneus-Atlantics"; or ) is a department in the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, in southwestern France. It takes its name from the Pyrenees mountains and the Atlantic Ocean. It covers the French Basque Country and the Bearn. - Wace (c. 1110 after 1174), sometimes referred to as Robert Wace, was a Norman poet, who was born in Jersey and brought up in mainland Normandy (he tells us in the "Roman de Rou" that he was taken as a child to Caen), ending his career as Canon of Bayeux. - Benoit de Sainte-Maure (died 1173) was a 12th-century French poet, most probably from Sainte-Maure de Touraine near Tours, France. The Plantagenets' administrative center was located in Chinon, west of Tours. - France, officially the French Republic, is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European, or metropolitan, area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. France spans and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017. It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse and Bordeaux. - Normandy (pronounced , Norman: "Normaundie", from Old French "Normanz", plural of "Normant", originally from the word for "northman" in several Scandinavian languages) is one of the regions of France, roughly corresponding to the historical Duchy of Normandy. - Poitiers is a city on the Clain river in west-central France. It is a commune and the capital of the Vienne department and also of the Poitou. Poitiers is a major university centre. The centre of town is picturesque and its streets include predominant historical architecture, especially religious architecture and especially from the Romanesque period. Two major military battles took place near the city: in 732, the Battle of Poitiers (also known as the Battle of Tours), in which the Franks commanded by Charles Martel halted the expansion of the Umayyad Caliphate, and in 1356, the Battle of Poitiers, a key victory for the English forces during the Hundred Years' War. This battle's consequences partly provoked the Jacquerie. - Jersey (; Jerriais: "Jerri" [ri]), officially the Bailiwick of Jersey (Jerriais: "Bailliage de Jerri"), is a Crown dependency of the United Kingdom, ruled by the Crown in right of Jersey, off the coast of Normandy, France. Jersey was part of the Duchy of Normandy, whose dukes went on to become kings of England from 1066. After Normandy was lost by the kings of England in the 13th century, and the ducal title surrendered to France, Jersey and the other Channel Islands remained attached to the English crown. - The Second Crusade (11471149) was the second major crusade launched from Europe as a Catholic ('Latin') holy war against Islam. The Second Crusade was started in response to the fall of the County of Edessa the previous year to the forces of Zengi. The county had been founded during the First Crusade (10961099) by King Baldwin of Boulogne in 1098. While it was the first Crusader state to be founded, it was also the first to fall. - Courtly love (or fin'amor in Occitan) was a medieval European literary conception of love that emphasized nobility and chivalry. Medieval literature is filled with examples of knights setting out on adventures and performing various services for ladies because of their "courtly love". This kind of love is originally a literary fiction created for the entertainment of the nobility, but as time passed, these ideas about love changed and attracted a larger audience. In the high Middle Ages, a "game of love" developed around these ideas as a set of social practices. "Loving nobly" was considered to be an enriching and improving practice. - Gascony (Gascon: "Gasconha" ) is an area of southwest France that was part of the "Province of Guyenne and Gascony" prior to the French Revolution. The region is vaguely defined, and the distinction between Guyenne and Gascony is unclear; by some they are seen to overlap, while others consider Gascony a part of Guyenne. Most definitions put Gascony east and south of Bordeaux. - Metropolitan France (or "la Metropole"), also known as European France, is the part of France in Europe. It comprises mainland France and nearby islands in the Atlantic Ocean, the English Channel, and the Mediterranean Sea, including Corsica. Overseas France ("la France d'outre-mer") is the collective name for the part of France outside Europe: French overseas regions ("departements et regions d'outre-mer" or "DROM"), territories ("territoires d'outre-mer" or "TOM"), collectivities ("collectivites d'outre-mer" or "COM"), and the sui generis collectivity ("collectivite sui generis") of New Caledonia. - The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Plantagenet, rulers of the Kingdom of England, against the House of Valois, rulers of the Kingdom of France, over the succession of the French throne. Each side drew many allies into the war. It was one of the most notable conflicts of the Middle Ages, in which five generations of kings from two rival dynasties fought for the throne of the largest kingdom in Western Europe. The war marked both the height of chivalry and its subsequent decline, and the development of strong national identities in both countries. - Gironde (in Occitan "Gironda") is a department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of southwest France. It is named for the Gironde estuary, a major waterway. The Bordeaux wine region is in the Gironde. - The Battle of Poitiers was a major battle of the Hundred Years' War between England and France. The battle occurred on 19 September 1356 near Poitiers, France. Preceded by the Battle of Crecy in 1346, and followed by the Battle of Agincourt in 1415, it was the second of the three great English victories of the war. The town and battle were often referred to as "Poictiers" at the time, a name commemorated in warships of the Royal Navy. - The Duchy of Aquitaine was a historical fiefdom in western, central and southern areas of present-day France to the south of the Loire River, although its extent, as well as its name, fluctuated greatly over the centuries, at times comprising much of what is now southwestern France (Gascony) and central France. - Sainte-Maure de Touraine is a French cheese produced in the province of Touraine, mainly in the department of Indre-et-Loire. It is named after the small town of Sainte-Maure-de-Touraine, in the department of Indre-et-Loire, at equal distance from westly Chinon and eastly Loches. - The High Middle Ages or High Medieval Period was the period of European history around the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries (c. 10011300). The High Middle Ages were preceded by the Early Middle Ages and followed by the Late Middle Ages, which by convention end around 1500. - Aquitaine ( Poitevin-Saintongeais : "Aguiene"), archaic "Guyenne"/"Guienne" (Occitan: "Guiana") was a traditional region of France, and was an administrative region of France until 1 January 2016. It is now part of the new region Nouvelle-Aquitaine. It is situated in the south-western part of Metropolitan France, along the Atlantic Ocean and the Pyrenees mountain range on the border with Spain. It is composed of the five departments of Dordogne, Lot-et-Garonne, Pyrenees-Atlantiques, Landes and Gironde. In the Middle Ages, Aquitaine was a kingdom and a duchy, whose boundaries fluctuated considerably. - Vienne is a department in the French region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. It takes its name from the river Vienne. - A troubadour was a composer and performer of Old Occitan lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages (11001350). Since the word "troubadour" is etymologically masculine, a female troubadour is usually called a trobairitz. Given the information, choose the subject and object entities that have the relation of 'native language'.
Answer:
eleanor of aquitaine , occitan