Answer the following question given this paragraph: These include anterior-posterior movements of the arm at the shoulder, the forearm at the elbow, the hand at the wrist, and the fingers at the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints. For the thumb, extension moves the thumb away from the palm of the hand, within the same plane as the palm, while flexion brings the thumb back against the index finger or into the palm. These motions take place at the first carpometacarpal joint. In the lower limb, bringing the thigh forward and upward is flexion at the hip joint, while any posterior-going motion of the thigh is extension. Note that extension of the thigh beyond the anatomical (standing) position is greatly limited by the ligaments that support the hip joint. Knee flexion is the bending of the knee to bring the foot toward the posterior thigh, and extension is the straightening of the knee. Flexion and extension movements are seen at the hinge, condyloid, saddle, and ball-and-socket joints of the limbs (see Figure 9.12a-d). Hyperextension is the abnormal or excessive extension of a joint beyond its normal range of motion, thus resulting in injury. Similarly, hyperflexion is excessive flexion at a joint. Hyperextension injuries are common at hinge joints such as the knee or elbow. In cases of "whiplash" in which the head is suddenly moved backward and then forward, a patient may experience both hyperextension and hyperflexion of the cervical region. Q: What term means the abnormal or excessive extension of a joint - particularly a hinged joint - beyond its normal range of motion, thus resulting in injury? A:
OPTIONS:
- sprain
- tear
- hypercorrection
- hyperextension
hyperextension

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Figure 33.8 Cyclotrons use a magnetic field to cause particles to move in circular orbits. As the particles pass between the plates of the Ds, the voltage across the gap is oscillated to accelerate them twice in each orbit. Q: What do cyclotrons use to cause particles to move in circular orbits? A:
OPTIONS:
- layers field
- occurs field
- mixed field
- magnetic field

Answer: magnetic field

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Rising air currents carry water vapor into the atmosphere. As the water vapor rises in the atmosphere, it cools and condenses. Condensation is the process in which water vapor changes to tiny droplets of liquid water. The water droplets may form clouds. If the droplets get big enough, they fall as precipitation. Q: Clouds are formed from what? A:
OPTIONS:
- ice crystals
- snow flakes
- dust particles
- water droplets
Answer: water droplets

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Because energy is a product, energy is given off by the reaction. Therefore, this reaction is exothermic. Because energy is a reactant, energy is absorbed by the reaction. Therefore, this reaction is endothermic. Q: In an endothermic reaction, what is absorbed by the reaction? A:
OPTIONS:
- food
- fuel
- atoms
- energy
output: energy

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Within seconds of birth, the umbilical cord is cut. Without this connection to the placenta, the baby can't exchange gases, so carbon dioxide quickly builds up in the baby's blood. This stimulates the baby's brain to trigger breathing, and the newborn takes her first breath. Q: What structure connects the fetus to the placenta, allowing the exchange of gases? A:

OPTIONS:
- sediment cord
- skin cord
- belly button
- umbilical cord

A: umbilical cord

Answer the following question given this paragraph: 10.3 Dynamics of Rotational Motion: Rotational Inertia If you have ever spun a bike wheel or pushed a merry-go-round, you know that force is needed to change angular velocity as seen in Figure 10.10. In fact, your intuition is reliable in predicting many of the factors that are involved. For example, we know that a door opens slowly if we push too close to its hinges. Furthermore, we know that the more massive the door, the more slowly it opens. The first example implies that the farther the force is applied from the pivot, the greater the angular acceleration; another implication is that angular acceleration is inversely proportional to mass. These relationships should seem very similar to the familiar relationships among force, mass, and acceleration embodied in Newton's second law of motion. There are, in fact, precise rotational analogs to both force and mass. Q: If force is applied further away from a pivot point, than what kind of acceleration will be greater? A:
OPTIONS:
- circular
- rectangular
- parameters
- angular
angular