Q: Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes. RNA and DNA are nucleic acids, and, along with lipids, proteins and carbohydrates, constitute the four major macromolecules essential for all known forms of life. Like DNA, RNA is assembled as a chain of nucleotides, but unlike DNA it is more often found in nature as a single-strand folded onto itself, rather than a paired double-strand. Cellular organisms use messenger RNA (mRNA) to convey genetic information (using the letters G, U, A, and C to denote the nitrogenous bases guanine, uracil, adenine, and cytosine) that directs synthesis of specific proteins. Many viruses encode their genetic information using an RNA genome.

Some RNA molecules play an active role within cells by catalyzing biological reactions, controlling gene expression, or sensing and communicating responses to cellular signals. One of these active processes is protein synthesis, a universal function where RNA molecules direct the assembly of proteins on ribosomes. This process uses transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules to deliver amino acids to the ribosome, where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) then links amino acids together to form proteins.

Like DNA, most biologically active RNAs, including mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, snRNAs, and other non-coding RNAs, contain self-complementary sequences that allow parts of the RNA to fold and pair with itself to form double helices. Analysis of these RNAs has revealed that they are highly structured. Unlike DNA, their structures do not consist of long double helices, but rather collections of short helices packed together into structures akin to proteins. In this fashion, RNAs can achieve chemical catalysis (like enzymes). For instance, determination of the structure of the ribosomean enzyme that catalyzes peptide bond formationrevealed that its active site is composed entirely of RNA.

1. RNA
2. DNA
3. unknown
4. codes, decodes, regulates, and expresses genes
5. catalyze biological reactions, control gene expression, sense and communicate responses to cellular signals
6. single-strand rather than double-strand
7. collections of short helices packed together into structures akin to proteins
8. yes
9. they can achieve chemical catalysis
10. nucleic acids

Numbered questions:
1. What is the article about?
2. What is it similar to?
3. What is it similar to?
4. What does it do?
5. What do they actively do?
6. How is it different from DNA?
7. What shape are they?
8. Are they like enzymes?
9. How?
10. What kind of acids are they?

Q: CHAPTER LXXV

In the meantime, Lady Roehampton was paying her farewell visit to her former pupil. They were alone, and Adriana was hanging on her neck and weeping.

"We were so happy," she murmured.

"And are so happy, and will be," said Myra.

"I feel I shall never be happy again," sighed Adriana.

"You deserve to be the happiest of human beings, and you will be."

"Never, never!"

Lady Roehampton could say no more; she pressed her friend to her heart, and left the room in silence.

When she arrived at her hotel, her brother was leaving the house. His countenance was disquieted; he did not greet her with that mantling sunniness of aspect which was natural to him when they met.

"I have made all my farewells," she said; "and how have you been getting on?" And she invited him to re-enter the hotel.

"I am ready to depart at this moment," he said somewhat fiercely, "and was only thinking how I could extricate myself from that horrible dinner to-day at the Count of Ferroll's."

"Well, that is not difficult," said Myra; "you can write a note here if you like, at once. I think you must have seen quite enough of the Count of Ferroll and his friends."

Endymion sat down at the table, and announced his intended non-appearance at the Count's dinner, for it could not be called an excuse. When he had finished, his sister said--

"Do you know, we were nearly having a travelling companion to-morrow?"

1. Lady Roehampton
2. To her former pupil.
3. Adriana
4. No
5. No
6. She will never be happy again
7. Her brother
8. No
9. Myra
10. At the table

Numbered questions:
1. Who was saying goodbye?
2. To who?
3. What was the pupil's name?
4. Were there a lot of people around?
5. Does it seem like Adriana is excited to leave?
6. What does she say about leaving?
7. Who was leaving as the Lady was arriving home?
8. Was he happy to see her?
9. What is the Lady's first name?
10. Where did he sit down?

Q: CHAPTER VII.

THE OATH.

From Eu the party travelled back to Rouen where there were feastings and entertainments in honour of Harold. Nothing could be more courteous than the duke's manner to his guest. He professed an almost fraternal affection for him, and handsome lodgings were assigned in the town to his thanes. A solemn court was held, at which Harold was knighted by William himself with much state and ceremonial, according to the rites of chivalry, which had then been but recently introduced, and had not as yet extended into England. There were great hunting parties in the forest, and to all outward appearance the friendship between William and Harold was of the warmest and most sincere nature. Harold himself was really gratified at the pains that William took to show the esteem in which he held him, and his thanes were all well satisfied with the attentions bestowed upon them by the Norman barons.

Beorn and Wulf had nothing to do save to make friends with young Normans of their own age, to visit their castles and to join in the hunting parties. The duke lost no opportunity of showing the sincerity of the feelings of gratitude he had expressed to them for bringing him the news of Harold's presence in his dominions, and they were always specially invited to all court ceremonials, enjoying themselves exceedingly. Wulf occasionally expressed his surprise to his companion that no word was said as to their return to England, but Beorn's answer always silenced him.

1. Harold
2. William
3. no
4. rites of chivalry
5. no
6. great hunting parties
7. yes
8. yes
9. yes
10. Norman barons
11. Eu
12. Rouen
13. yes
14. entertainments
15. Harold
16. Beorn and Wulf
17. their castles
18. join in the hunting parties
19. all court ceremonials
20. no

Numbered questions:
1. Who was knighted?
2. By whom?
3. Was it a modest ceremony?
4. What rites were new at that time?
5. Had they made it into England yet?
6. What was going on in the woods?
7. Did it seem that William and Harold were close?
8. Was Harold happy that William was trying so hard to be friendly to him?
9. Were his thanes also happy?
10. What group had shown them a lot of attention?
11. Where did the party travel from?
12. To where?
13. Was a banquet waiting for them?
14. And what else?
15. All for whom?
16. Who was going to make friends with people their own age?
17. What places were they going to visit?
18. And then what were they going to do?
19. What were they constantly invited to?
20. Was anything mentioned about them going back to England?