Q: What type of disease is caused by pathogens? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: Infectious diseases are diseases that are caused by pathogens. Human pathogens include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. Different pathogens spread in different ways. Pathogens may spread through contaminated food or water, sexual contact, droplets in the air from coughs or sneezes, contaminated objects or surfaces, or vectors. Choices: - viral diseases - nervous diseases - autoimmune diseases - infectious diseases A:
infectious diseases

Q: What kind of weathering changes the size of a mineral or rock but does not change its chemical composition? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: The weathering of rocks and minerals can be mechanical or chemical. Mechanical weathering changes the size of a mineral or rock. Mechanical weathering does not change the chemical composition of that material. Chemical weathering changes the composition of a mineral or rock. Different types of weathering can alter the same material. Soil forms on top of rock. The type of soil that forms depends on the environment of the region. For example, warm and wet climates form different soils than cold and dry climates. A profile through the soil shows different horizons. Topsoil is the most important layer for crops. Water, ice, wind, and gravity create or modify landforms on Earth's surface. These agents can erode or deposit features that indicate their presence. Erosion by water and ice lowered and rounded the Appalachians. These old mountains no longer look like the Himalaya. Someday the Himalaya may look like the Appalachians do now. Choices: - molecular weathering - chemical reaction - radiation - mechanical weathering A:
mechanical weathering

Q: Q: What term is used to describe the organism that is invaded and often harmed by a pathogen? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: Introduction The environment consists of numerous pathogens, which are agents, usually microorganisms, that cause diseases in their hosts. A host is the organism that is invaded and often harmed by a pathogen. Pathogens include bacteria, protists, fungi and other infectious organisms. We are constantly exposed to pathogens in food and water, on surfaces, and in the air. Mammalian immune systems evolved for protection from such pathogens; they are composed of an extremely diverse array of specialized cells and soluble molecules that coordinate a rapid and flexible defense system capable of providing protection from a majority of these disease agents. Components of the immune system constantly search the body for signs of pathogens. When pathogens are found, immune factors are mobilized to the site of an infection. The immune factors identify the nature of the pathogen, strengthen the corresponding cells and molecules to combat it efficiently, and then halt the immune response after the infection is cleared to avoid unnecessary host cell damage. The immune system can remember pathogens to which it has been exposed to create a more efficient response upon re-exposure. This memory can last several decades. Features of the immune system, such as pathogen identification, specific response, amplification, retreat, and remembrance are essential for survival against pathogens. The immune response can be classified as either innate or active. The innate immune response is always present and attempts to defend against all pathogens rather than focusing on specific ones. Conversely, the adaptive immune response stores information about past infections and mounts pathogen-specific defenses. Choices: - guardian - initial - parent - host A:
A: host

Question: Q: Size is a general feature of cell structure that relates to? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: Choices: - activation - timing - instance - function A:
Answer: function

*Question*
Q: Blood vessels blood pumped by the heart flows through a series of vessels known as arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins before returning to this? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: CHAPTER REVIEW 20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels Blood pumped by the heart flows through a series of vessels known as arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins before returning to the heart. Arteries transport blood away from the heart and branch into smaller vessels, forming arterioles. Arterioles distribute blood to capillary beds, the sites of exchange with the body tissues. Capillaries lead back to small vessels known as venules that flow into the larger veins and eventually back to the heart. The arterial system is a relatively high-pressure system, so arteries have thick walls that appear round in cross section. The venous system is a lower-pressure system, containing veins that have larger lumens and thinner walls. They often appear flattened. Arteries, arterioles, venules, and veins are composed of three tunics known as the tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa. Capillaries have only a tunica intima layer. The tunica intima is a thin layer composed of a simple squamous epithelium known as endothelium and a small amount of connective tissue. The tunica media is a thicker area composed of variable amounts of smooth muscle and connective tissue. It is the thickest layer in all but the largest arteries. The tunica externa is primarily a layer of connective tissue, although in veins, it also contains some smooth muscle. Blood flow through vessels can be dramatically influenced by vasoconstriction and vasodilation in their walls. Choices: - lungs - feet - brain - heart A:
**Answer**
heart

Q: Q: What is biomass made into fuel called? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: More recently, people have learned to process biomass to make fuel. This is called biofuel . Biofuel is created from crops, such as corn or algae. Biofuel is unique among renewable energy sources. This is because it is liquid. Unlike solar energy, for example, biofuels can be used in a car ( Figure below ). Biofuels burn more cleanly than fossil fuels. They create less pollution and less carbon dioxide. Biofuels, such as ethanol, are added to gasoline. This cuts down the amount of fossil fuels that are used. Choices: - benign fuel - toxic fuel - renewable fuel - bio fuel A:
A: bio fuel