Answer the following question given this paragraph: 7.2 | The Skull By the end of this section, you will be able to: List and identify the bones of the brain case and face Locate the major suture lines of the skull and name the bones associated with each Locate and define the boundaries of the anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossae, the temporal fossa, and infratemporal fossa Define the paranasal sinuses and identify the location of each Name the bones that make up the walls of the orbit and identify the openings associated with the orbit Identify the bones and structures that form the nasal septum and nasal conchae, and locate the hyoid bone Identify the bony openings of the skull The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault (Figure 7.3). The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws. The rounded brain case surrounds and protects the brain and houses the middle and inner ear structures. In the adult, the skull consists of 22 individual bones, 21 of which are immobile and united into a single unit. The 22nd bone is the mandible (lower jaw), which is the only moveable bone of the skull. Q: What is the term for the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain? Choices: - ribcage - pelvis - thorax - cranium (skull) A:
cranium (skull)
(Question)
Answer the following question given this paragraph: How Viruses Infect Specific Organs Specific glycoprotein molecules exposed on the surface of the cell membranes of host cells are exploited by many viruses to infect specific organs. For example, HIV is able to penetrate the plasma membranes of specific kinds of white blood cells called T-helper cells and monocytes, as well as some cells of the central nervous system. The hepatitis virus attacks only liver cells. These viruses are able to invade these cells, because the cells have binding sites on their surfaces that the viruses have exploited with equally specific glycoproteins in their coats. (Figure 3.19). The cell is tricked by the mimicry of the virus coat molecules, and the virus is able to enter the cell. Other recognition sites on the virus's surface interact with the human immune system, prompting the body to produce antibodies. Antibodies are made in response to the antigens (or proteins associated with invasive pathogens). These same sites serve as places for antibodies to attach, and either destroy or inhibit the activity of the virus. Unfortunately, these sites on HIV are encoded by genes that change quickly, making the production of an effective vaccine against the virus very difficult. The virus population within an infected individual quickly evolves through mutation into different populations, or variants, distinguished by differences in these recognition sites. This rapid change of viral surface markers decreases the effectiveness of the person's immune system in attacking the virus, because the antibodies will not recognize the new variations of the surface patterns. Q: The hepatitis virus attacks only cells of what organ? Choices: - lungs - kidney - brain - liver A:
(Answer)
liver
Ques: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Vertebrates. From the smallest of fish to us. One of the main features we all have in common is our backbone. Vertebrates describes main biological features of fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Q: Vertebrates. from the smallest of fish to us. one of the main features we all have in common is our what? Choices: - hair - warm blood - laying eggs - backbone A:
Ans: backbone
(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Some species of animals are territorial . This means that they defend their area. The area they defend usually contains their nest and enough food for themselves and their offspring. A species is more likely to be territorial if there is not very much food in their area. Having a larger territory could mean more prey or food. Q: What is the term for animals that defend their area? Choices: - predatory - Grazing - contain - territorial A:
(A).
territorial
Ques:Answer the following question given this paragraph: conditions in the new environment, threatening the species that exist there. For this reason, exotic species are also called invasive species. Exotic species can threaten other species through competition for resources, predation, or disease. Q: Why are exotic species also called invasive species? Choices: - disregard other species - imitate other species - help other species - threaten other species A:

Ans:threaten other species
Ques:Answer the following question given this paragraph: The time scale of evolution can vary. Evolution over a short period of time at the level of the population is called microevolution. Evolution over a long period of time above the level of the species is called macroevolution. Q: Evolution over a short period of time at the level of the population is called what? Choices: - grammaticalization - redistributions - macroevolution - microevolution A:

Ans:
microevolution