With the three main color groups at your disposal, you have every color you need to create any color you can think of. When in doubt about what is needed to create a particular color, look at the color wheel. Look at where the color falls on the wheel, and mix the two parent colors that the color falls between. Use white (or yellow) to lighten a color. Use a complement of a particular color to key the color toward grey. Darkening a color requires an addition of one of its parent colors, depending on which color you wish to lean toward.

Summary: Use the color wheel.

Buying a pair of reading glasses is a simple solution to help make reading fine print easier. Difficulty reading up close, or Presbyopia, is commonly experienced by aging individuals, and easily remedied by having reading glasses on hand to look at mail, restaurant menus, recipes, and other common things. Check for reading glasses, which normally retail for about $10, at drug stores and department stores. If you plan to use your reading glasses on a regular basis, visit your ophthalmologist for a prescription. Inexpensive reading glasses can cause eye fatigue when worn for too long. Handheld magnifiers are portable and can be beneficial for reading fine print in stores, restaurants, other establishments, or at home. Opt for a model with lower magnification, given that larger magnification limits the area of visibility (e.g. 3x as opposed to 6x magnification). Handheld magnifiers range in price from approximately $5-$150. There are numerous magnifier apps available for both iPhones and Androids. These apps use your phone's camera to zoom in on and magnify whatever it is focused on. The quality of these magnifiers relies heavily on the quality of your phone's camera; some also use your phone's flashlight feature to illuminate the view. The Smart Magnifier app for Android, for example, uses your phone's camera, auto-focus, and LED flash to magnify whatever you want to focus on. When presented with a document to sign, never hesitate to bring it home, or to a more quiet, comfortable setting, so that you can review it thoroughly. Conditions in a store or office may not be ideal for you to read the fine print in a text properly, or to take the necessary time to review it. Taking the document home will also allow you to have a second person review it, if necessary. Never let a salesperson or representative pressure you into signing or purchasing something without thoroughly reviewing the fine print. It is your right to know the exact details of what you are entering into.

Summary: Buy reading glasses. Get a portable magnifier. Download a magnifier phone app. Secure the time and space to read the small print thoroughly.

A child with RAD will rarely, if ever, seek comfort when under stress. They are also unlikely to respond when comforted. Since they did not form a normal attachment to a caregiver when they were younger, they will not seek comfort or affection in the way that most children would. For instance, if they fall off of their bicycle, they might show emotion, but they are unlikely to run to a caregiver to soothe them. They have a tendency to deal with their pain on their own. In some cases, they may show emotional responses that are inappropriate or excessive for a situation. For example, a child that stubs his toe may cry hysterically for longer than would be usual. Children with RAD will often respond with very little emotion or affect to others. Though most children are socialized to laugh and smile based on the people and circumstances around them, children with RAD will typically display a very flat or neutral disposition. For instance, a child with RAD might receive a gift at a birthday party and not crack a smile. But a child without RAD might smile or yell with excitement. RAD diagnosis is not related to self-harm, impulsive or aggressive behavior or other harmful behaviors. Likewise, lying, stealing, destruction of property, gorging of food or inappropriate sexual behavior are also not considered symptoms of this disorder. There is a lot of misinformation about RAD online, but none of the aforementioned behaviors are considered relevant to the diagnosis.

Summary: Evaluate if they are unresponsive in times of distress. Assess any lack of emotion in social settings. Be cautious about jumping to conclusions based on a child acting out.

Charles Darwin (1872) was the first to suggest that the facial expressions of certain emotions were universal. Studies in his time were inconclusive; however, research continued on the subject, and in the 1960s Silvan Tomkins conducted the first study demonstrating that facial expressions are in fact reliably associated certain emotional states. Studies have shown that when emotions are spontaneously aroused, congenitally blind individuals produce the same facial expressions as sighted individuals do. In addition, facial expressions considered to be universal in humans have also been observed in non-human primates, particularly chimpanzees. A face expressing happiness or joy will feature a smile (corners of the mouth drawn up and back) with some teeth exposed, and a wrinkle runs from the outer nose to the outer corners of the lip. The cheeks are raised, and the lower eyelids are tense or wrinkled. The narrowing of the eyelids causes "crow's feet" wrinkles at the outer corners of the eyes. A face that is smiling but does not involve the muscles in the eyes indicates a fake smile or polite smile that is not actual happiness or joy. A face showing sadness has the eyebrows drawn in and up, the skin below the eyebrows is triangulated with the inner corner up, and the corners of the lips are turned down. The jaw comes up and the bottom lip pouts out. Studies show that this emotion is the hardest expression to fake. A face showing contempt, or hate, has one corner of the mouth rising, like a sort of half-smile which is actually a sneer. A disgusted face has the eyebrows downcast, but the lower eyelid raised (causing the eyes to narrow), the cheeks are raised and the nose is scrunched. The upper lip is also raised or curled upward. A surprised face features the eyebrows raised up and curved. The skin below the brow is stretched and there are horizontal wrinkles across the forehead. The eyelids are so wide open that the whites are showing above and/or below the pupils. The jaw is dropped and teeth are slightly parted, but there's no stretching or tension of the mouth. A face showing fear has raised eyebrows that are usually more flat, not curved. There are wrinkles in the forehead in the center between the brows, not across. The upper eyelids are raised, but lower eyelids are tense and drawn up, usually causing whites to show in the upper eye but not lower. The lips are usually tensed or drawn back, the mouth may be open and nostrils may be flared. An angry face will show eyebrows that are lowered and drawn together, eyes staring hard or bulging, with vertical lines appearing between the brows and the lower eyelids tensed. Nostrils may be flared, and the mouth is either firmly pressed together with the lips drawn down at the corners, or in a square shape as if shouting. Also, the lower jaw juts out.
Summary: Think about the link between emotions and expressions. Learn to read happiness. Identify sadness. Learn to read contempt. Identify disgust. Watch for surprise. Notice fear. Identify anger.