instruction:
Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
question:
To investigate the mechanism by which methylprednisolone protects the liver from hypoxia-induced injury.', 'Prospective control study using the isolated rat liver.', 'Animal research facility.', 'Male, fasted, pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley rats.', 'Low-flow hypoxia was produced by reducing afferent perfusate pressure from 10 to 2.5 cm H(2)O; isolated livers were portally perfused for 2 hrs.', "We measured mitochondrial membrane potential and hydrogen peroxide production by imaging rhodamine 123 and 2'-7'-dichlorofluorescein fluorescence, respectively. Leakage of mitochondrial enzymes was also monitored by assaying mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase activity in the outflow perfusate, and the radical-scavenging effect of methylprednisolone was assessed by measuring luminol-dependent hydrogen peroxide chemiluminescence. Apoptosis in liver cells was determined by using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick-end labeling. Rhodamine 123 fluorescence was significantly diminished in the hypoxic liver, especially in the region of the terminal hepatic venules, which is indicative of membrane depolarization in the mitochondria in those areas. Hypoxia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction was indicated by leakage of aspartate aminotransferase into the outflow perfusate, and increased 2'-7'-dichlorofluorescein fluorescence indicated increased hydrogen peroxide levels, particularly in the midzone. Pretreatment with 30, 10, or 3 mg/kg of methylprednisolone inhibited the hypoxia-induced mitochondrial membrane depolarization and enzyme leakage, although hydrogen peroxide levels and apoptosis in sinusoidal endothelial cells were unaffected.
answer:
1

question:
Recent studies show that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) downregulation is implicated in preeclampsia (PE) pathophysiology. This study assessed the relationship between PE and VEGF levels produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and their serum levels.', 'A cross-sectional design was performed in 36 patients who had hypertensive disorders during pregnancy. We also used a longitudinal design with 12 pregnant women with risk factors for PE development and/or abnormal uterine arteries by Doppler study. VEGF and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) levels were measured for all patients in both designs.', "sFlt-1 serum was higher in preeclamptic patients (n = 26), whereas VEGF produced by stimulated PBMCs was lower than in healthy pregnant women and VEGF levels produced by stimulated PBMCs were even lower (p <0.003) in severe PE (n = 16). The receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis allowed establishing a cut-off value to identify patients with PE. VEGF production by PBMCs was 339.87 pg/mL. In addition, a robust linear regression model was performed to adjust the variance in VEGF levels. The patients' age decreased VEGF levels and was adjusted by weeks of gestation (WG) in our model. In the longitudinal study, 7/12 patients developed PE. VEGF produced by PBMCs cells was significantly lower in PE at 24-26 WG.
answer:
0

question:
C-reactive protein (CRP) levels predict incident and recurrent cardiovascular disease (CVD) events; however, associations between CRP and pre-clinical atherosclerosis is less certain. Since high concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are inversely associated with CVD risk, we investigated whether HDL-C modified the association between CRP concentration and measures of preclinical atherosclerosis.', 'Data were analyzed from a Korean occupational cohort of 12,030 male subjects who underwent a cardiac computed tomography (CT) estimation of coronary artery calcification (CAC) score and an assessment of CVD risk factors. Logistic regression was used to describe associations between CRP and measures of pre-clinical atherosclerosis, such as CAC scores >0. As many as 1351 (11.2%) participants had a CAC score>0. CRP was stratified into 3 groups based on clinical category: <1 mg/L, 1 to <2 mg/L, and 2 mg/dL. In the bottom CRP group, 907/8697 (10.4%) of subjects had a CAC score >0, compared with 242/1943 (12.5%) in the middle group and 202/1396 (14.5%) in the top CRP group (p < 0.0001). After adjustment for multiple CVD risk factors, there was a positive association between CRP and CAC score>0 (OR between top and bottom CRP groups, 1.41 [1.04, 1.90], p = 0.027) in the lowest HDL-C quartile but not in the highest HDL-C (OR between top and bottom CRP group, 0.80 [0.46, 1.39], p = 0.425).
answer:
1