instruction:
In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.
question:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Security and Freedom Through
Encryption (SAFE) Act''.

SEC. 2. SALE AND USE OF ENCRYPTION.

(a) In General.--Part I of title 18, United States Code, is amended
by inserting after chapter 121 the following new chapter:

''CHAPTER 122--ENCRYPTED WIRE AND ELECTRONIC INFORMATION

''2801. Definitions.
''2802. Freedom to use encryption.
''2803. Freedom to sell encryption.
''2804. Prohibition on mandatory key escrow.
''2805. Unlawful use of encryption in furtherance of a criminal act.
''Sec. 2801. Definitions
''As used in this chapter--
''(1) the terms 'person', 'State', 'wire communication',
'electronic communication', 'investigative or law enforcement
officer', 'judge of competent jurisdiction', and 'electronic
storage' have the meanings given those terms in section 2510 of
this title;
''(2) the terms 'encrypt' and 'encryption' refer to the
scrambling of wire or electronic information using mathematical
formulas or algorithms in order to preserve the
confidentiality, integrity, or authenticity of, and prevent
unauthorized recipients from accessing or altering, such
information;
''(3) the term 'key' means the variable information used in
a mathematical formula, code, or algorithm, or any component
thereof, used to decrypt wire or electronic information that
has been encrypted; and
''(4) the term 'United States person' means--
''(A) any United States citizen;
''(B) any other person organized under the laws of
any State, the District of Columbia, or any
commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United
States; and
''(C) any person organized under the laws of any
foreign country who is owned or controlled by
individuals or persons described in subparagraphs (A)
and (B).
''Sec. 2802. Freedom to use encryption
''Subject to section 2805, it shall be lawful for any person within
any State, and for any United States person in a foreign country, to
use any encryption, regardless of the encryption algorithm selected,
encryption key length chosen, or implementation technique or medium
used.
''Sec. 2803. Freedom to sell encryption
''Subject to section 2805, it shall be lawful for any person within
any State to sell in interstate commerce any encryption, regardless of
the encryption algorithm selected, encryption key length chosen, or
implementation technique or medium used.
''Sec. 2804. Prohibition on mandatory key escrow
''(a) Prohibition.--No person in lawful possession of a key to
encrypted information may be required by Federal or State law to
relinquish to another person control of that key.
''(b) Exception for Access for Law Enforcement Purposes.--
Subsection (a) shall not affect the authority of any investigative or
law enforcement officer, acting under any law in effect on the
effective date of this chapter, to gain access to encrypted
information.
''Sec. 2805. Unlawful use of encryption in furtherance of a criminal
act
''Any person who willfully uses encryption in furtherance of the
commission of a criminal offense for which the person may be prosecuted
in a court of competent jurisdiction--
''(1) in the case of a first offense under this section,
shall be imprisoned for not more than 5 years, or fined in the
amount set forth in this title, or both; and
''(2) in the case of a second or subsequent offense under
this section, shall be imprisoned for not more than 10 years,
or fined in the amount set forth in this title, or both.''.
(b) Conforming Amendment.--The table of chapters for part I of
title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item
relating to chapter 33 the following new item:

''122. Encrypted wire and electronic information............ 2801''.

SEC. 3. EXPORTS OF ENCRYPTION.

(a) Amendment to Export Administration Act of 1979.--Section 17 of
the Export Administration Act of 1979 (50 U.S.C. App. 2416) is amended
by adding at the end thereof the following new subsection:
''(g) Computers and Related Equipment.--
''(1) General rule.--Subject to paragraphs (2), (3), and
(4), the Secretary shall have exclusive authority to control
exports of all computer hardware, software, and technology for
information security (including encryption), except that which
is specifically designed or modified for military use,
including command, control, and intelligence applications.
''(2) Items not requiring licenses.--No validated license
may be required, except pursuant to the Trading With The Enemy
Act or the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (but
only to the estent that the authority of such Act is not
exercised to extend controls imposed under this Act), for the
export or reexport of--
''(A) any software, including software with
encryption capabilities--
''(i) that is generally available, as is,
and is designed for installation by the
purchaser; or
''(ii) that is in the public domain for
which copyright or other protection is not
available under title 17, United States Code,
or that is available to the public because it
is generally accessible to the interested
public in any form; or
''(B) any computing device solely because it
incorporates or employs in any form software (including
software with encryption capabilities) exempted from
any requirement for a validated license under
subparagraph (A).
''(3) Software with encryption capabilities.--The Secretary
shall authorize the export or reexport of software with
encryption capabilities for nonmilitary end-uses in any country
to which exports of software of similar capability are
permitted for use by financial institutions not controlled in
fact by United States persons, unless there is substantial
evidence that such software will be--
''(A) diverted to a military end-use or an end-use
supporting international terrorism;
''(B) modified for military or terrorist end-use;
or
''(C) reexported without any authorization by the
United States that may be required under this Act.
''(4) Hardware with encryption capabilities.--The Secretary
shall authorize the export or reexport of computer hardware
with encryption capabilities if the Secretary determines that a
product offering comparable security is commercially available
outside the United States from a foreign supplier, without
effective restrictions.
''(5) Definitions.--As used in this subsection--
''(A) the term 'encryption' means the scrambling of
wire or electronic information using mathematical
formulas or algorithms in order to preserve the
confidentiality, integrity, or authenticity of, and
prevent unauthorized recipients from accessing or
altering, such information;
''(B) the term 'generally available' means, in the
case of software (including software with encryption
capabilities), software that is offered for sale,
license, or transfer to any person without restriction,
whether or not for consideration, including, but not
limited to, over-the-counter retail sales, mail order
transactions, phone order transactions, electronic
distribution, or sale on approval;
''(C) the term 'as is' means, in the case of
software (including software with encryption
capabilities), a software program that is not designed,
developed, or tailored by the software publisher for
specific purchasers, except that such purchasers may
supply certain installation parameters needed by the
software program to function properly with the
purchaser's system and may customize the software
program by choosing among options contained in the
software program;
''(D) the term 'is designed for installation by the
purchaser' means, in the case of software (including
software with encryption capabilities) that--
''(i) the software publisher intends for
the purchaser (including any licensee or
transferee), who may not be the actual program
user, to install the software program on a
computing device and has supplied the necessary
instructions to do so, except that the
publisher may also provide telephone help line
services for software installation, electronic
transmission, or basic operations; and
''(ii) the software program is designed for
installation by the purchaser without further
substantial support by the supplier;
''(E) the term 'computing device' means a device
which incorporates one or more microprocessor-based
central processing units that can accept, store,
process, or provide output of data; and
''(F) the term 'computer hardware', when used in
conjunction with information security, includes, but is
not limited to, computer systems, equipment,
application-specific assemblies, modules, and
integrated circuits.''.
(b) Continuation of Export Administration Act.--For purposes of
carrying out the amendment made by subsection (a), the Export
Administration Act of 1979 shall be deemed to be in effect.
answer:
Security and Freedom Through Encryption (SAFE) Act - Amends the Federal criminal code to permit any person within any State, and any U.S. person in a foreign country, to use any encryption regardless of the encryption algorithm selected, encryption key length chosen, or implementation technique or medium used, with an exception for the unlawful use of encryption in furtherance of a criminal act.
Allows any person within any State to sell in interstate commerce any encryption.
Specifies that no person in lawful possession of a key to encrypted information may be required by Federal or State law to relinquish to another person control of that key, with an exception for access for law enforcement purposes.
Sets penalties for the willful use of encryption in furtherance of the commission of a criminal offense.
(Sec. 3) Amends the Export Administration Act of 1979 to grant the Secretary of Commerce exclusive authority to control exports of all hardware, software, and technology for information security (including encryption), except that which is specifically designed or modified for military use.
Prohibits requiring any validated license (with limited exceptions pursuant to the Trading With The Enemy Act or the International Emergency Economic Powers Act) for the export or reexport of any: (1) software, including software with encryption capabilities that is generally available as is and that is designed for installation by the purchaser, or that is in the public domain for which copyright or other protection is not available or is available to the public because it is generally accessible to the public in any form; or (2) computing device solely because it incorporates or employs in any form software (including software with encryption capabilities) exempted from any requirement for a validated license under this section.
Directs the Secretary to authorize the export or reexport of: (1) software with encryption capabilities for nonmilitary end-uses in any country to which exports of software of similar capability are permitted for use by financial institutions not controlled in fact by U.S. persons, unless there is substantial evidence that such software will be diverted to a military end-use or an end-use supporting international terrorism, modified for military or terrorist end-use, or reexported without any U.S. authorization that may be required under the Act; and (2) computer hardware with encryption capabilities if the Secretary determines that a product offering comparable security is commercially available outside the United States from a foreign supplier without effective restrictions.

question:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Chesapeake Bay Watershed Nutrient
Removal Assistance Act''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND PURPOSES.

(a) Findings.--Congress finds that--
(1) nutrient pollution from point sources and nonpoint
sources continues to be the most significant water quality
problem in the Chesapeake Bay watershed;
(2) a key commitment of the Chesapeake 2000 agreement, an
interstate agreement among the Administrator, the Chesapeake
Bay Commission, the District of Columbia, and the States of
Maryland, Virginia, and Pennsylvania, is to achieve the goal of
correcting the nutrient-related problems in the Chesapeake Bay
by 2010;
(3) by correcting those problems, the Chesapeake Bay and
its tidal tributaries may be removed from the list of impaired
bodies of water designated by the Administrator of the
Environmental Protection Agency under section 303(d) of the
Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1313(d));
(4) more than 300 major sewage treatment plants located in
the Chesapeake Bay watershed annually discharge approximately
60,000,000 pounds of nitrogen, or the equivalent of 20 percent
of the total nitrogen load, into the Chesapeake Bay; and
(5) nutrient removal technology is 1 of the most reliable,
cost-effective, and direct methods for reducing the flow of
nitrogen from point sources into the Chesapeake Bay.
(b) Purposes.--The purposes of this Act are--
(1) to authorize the Administrator of the Environmental
Protection Agency to provide financial assistance to States and
municipalities for use in upgrading publicly-owned wastewater
treatment plants in the Chesapeake Bay watershed with nutrient
removal technologies; and
(2) to further the goal of restoring the water quality of
the Chesapeake Bay to conditions that are protective of human
health and aquatic living resources.

SEC. 3. SEWAGE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY GRANT PROGRAM.

The Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) is
amended by adding at the end the following:

''TITLE VII--MISCELLANEOUS

''SEC. 701. SEWAGE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY GRANT PROGRAM.

''(a) Definition of Eligible Facility.--In this section, the term
'eligible facility' means a municipal wastewater treatment plant that--
''(1) as of the date of enactment of this title, has a
permitted design capacity to treat an annual average of at
least 500,000 gallons of wastewater per day; and
''(2) is located within the Chesapeake Bay watershed in any
of the States of Delaware, Maryland, New York, Pennsylvania,
Virginia, or West Virginia or in the District of Columbia.
''(b) Grant Program.--
''(1) Establishment.--Not later than 1 year after the date
of enactment of this title, the Administrator shall establish a
program within the Environmental Protection Agency to provide
grants to States and municipalities to upgrade eligible
facilities with nutrient removal technologies.
''(2) Priority.--In providing a grant under paragraph (1),
the Administrator shall--
''(A) consult with the Chesapeake Bay Program
Office;
''(B) give priority to eligible facilities at which
nutrient removal upgrades would--
''(i) produce the greatest nutrient load
reductions at points of discharge; or
''(ii) result in the greatest environmental
benefits to local bodies of water surrounding,
and the main stem of, the Chesapeake Bay; and
''(iii) take into consideration the
geographic distribution of the grants.
''(3) Application.--
''(A) In general.--On receipt of an application
from a State or municipality for a grant under this
section, if the Administrator approves the request, the
Administrator shall transfer to the State or
municipality the amount of assistance requested.
''(B) Form.--An application submitted by a State or
municipality under subparagraph (A) shall be in such
form and shall include such information as the
Administrator may prescribe.
''(4) Use of funds.--A State or municipality that receives
a grant under this section shall use the grant to upgrade
eligible facilities with nutrient removal technologies that are
designed to reduce total nitrogen in discharged wastewater to
an average annual concentration of 3 milligrams per liter.
''(5) Cost sharing.--
''(A) Federal share.--The Federal share of the cost
of upgrading any eligible facility as described in
paragraph (1) using funds provided under this section
shall not exceed 55 percent.
''(B) Non-federal share.--The non-Federal share of
the costs of upgrading any eligible facility as
described in paragraph (1) using funds provided under
this section may be provided in the form of funds made
available to a State or municipality under--
''(i) any provision of this Act other than
this section (including funds made available
from a State revolving fund established under
title VI); or
''(ii) any other Federal or State law.
''(c) Authorization of Appropriations.--
''(1) In general.--There is authorized to be appropriated
to carry out this section $132,000,000 for each of fiscal years
2006 through 2010, to remain available until expended.
''(2) Administrative costs.--The Administrator may use not
to exceed 4 percent of any amount made available under
paragraph (1) to pay administrative costs incurred in carrying
out this section.''.
answer:
Chesapeake Bay Watershed Nutrient Removal Assistance Act - Amends the Federal Water Pollution Control Act to direct the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency to provide grants to states and municipalities to upgrade municipal wastewater treatment plants of a specified capacity and located within the Chesapeake Bay watershed with nutrient removal technologies.

question:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Nursing Home Staffing Accountability
Act of 2002''.

SEC. 2. IMPROVING THE AVAILABILITY OF ACCURATE DATA ON NURSING FACILITY
STAFFING.

(a) Medicare.--Section 1819(b)(8) of the Social Security Act (42
U.S.C. 1395i-3(b)) is amended--
(1) in subparagraph (A), by adding at the end the following
new sentence: ''The information posted under this subparagraph
shall include information regarding nurse staffing with respect
to beds made available by reason of an agreement under section
1883.''; and
(2) by adding at the end the following new subparagraphs:
''(C) Submission and posting of data.--Beginning on
July 1, 2003, a skilled nursing facility shall submit
to the Secretary in a uniform manner (as prescribed by
the Secretary) the nursing staff data described in
subparagraph (A) through electronic data submission not
less frequently than quarterly and the Secretary shall
make such data publicly available, including by posting
such data on an Internet website.
''(D) Audit of data.--As part of each standard
survey conducted under subsection (g)(2)(A), there
shall be an audit of the nursing staff data reported
under subparagraph (C) to ensure that such data are
accurate.''.
(b) Medicaid.--Section 1919(b)(8) of the Social Security Act (42
U.S.C. 1395r(b)(8)) is amended--
(1) in subparagraph (A), by adding at the end the following
new sentence: ''The information posted under this subparagraph
shall include information regarding nurse staffing with respect
to beds made available by reason of an agreement under section
1883.''; and
(2) by adding at the end the following new subparagraphs:
''(C) Submission and posting of data.--Beginning on
July 1, 2003, a nursing facility shall submit to the
Secretary in a uniform manner (as prescribed by the
Secretary) the nursing staff data described in
subparagraph (A) through electronic data submission not
less frequently than quarterly and the Secretary shall
make such data publicly available, including by posting
such data on an Internet website.
''(D) Audit of data.--As part of each standard
survey conducted under subsection (g)(2)(A), there
shall be an audit of the nursing staff data reported
under subparagraph (C) to ensure that such data are
accurate.''.
(c) Report.--Not later than October 1, 2003, the Secretary of
Health and Human Services shall submit to Congress a report on--
(1) the manner in which the Secretary intends to implement
reporting of additional nurse staffing variables such as unit
worked, day of week (weekday and weekend), and type of care
(direct or administrative) provided; and
(2) the most effective mechanisms for auditing nurse
staffing data under sections 1819(b)(8)(D) and 1919(b)(8)(D) of
the Social Security Act (as added by subsections (a)(2) and
(b)(2), respectively).
(d) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall
apply with respect to calendar quarters beginning on and after January
1, 2003.

SEC. 3. CREATING A STAFFING QUALITY MEASURE FOR CONSUMERS TO COMPARE
NURSING FACILITIES.

(a) In General.--Beginning on October 1, 2003, and for as long as
the Secretary of Health and Human Services publishes quality measures
to help the public compare the quality of care that nursing facilities
provide, these quality measures shall include a quality measure for
nursing staff that--
(1) includes the average daily total nursing hours worked
for the quarterly reporting period for which data is submitted
under sections 1819(b)(8)(C) and 1919(b)(8)(C) of the Social
Security Act (as added by subsections (a)(2) and (b)(2),
respectively, of section 2);
(2) is sensitive to case mix and quality outcomes; and
(3) indicates the percentile in which each nursing facility
falls compared with other nursing facilities in the State.
The Secretary shall not be required to comply with the requirements of
paragraph (2) to the extent that the development of a methodology to
comply with such requirement would delay the implementation of this
section.
(b) Form and Manner.--The nursing facility staffing measure
described in subsection (a) shall be displayed in the same form and
manner as information that the Secretary displays to help the public
compare the quality of care that nursing facilities provide.
(c) Periodic Revisions.--The Secretary may revise the nursing
facility staffing measure described in subsection (a) from time to time
to improve the accuracy of such measure.
answer:
Nursing Home Staffing Accountability Act of 2002 - Amends titles XVIII (Medicare) and XIX (Medicaid) of the Social Security Act to require the information posted daily by skilled nursing facilities and nursing facilities for each nursing shift to include information regarding nurse staffing with respect to beds made available by reason of an agreement between the Secretary of Health and Human Services and a hospital to use its inpatient hospital facilities to furnish services which, if furnished by a skilled nursing facility, would constitute extended care services.Requires a skilled nursing facility and a nursing facility to submit electronically to the Secretary at least quarterly the nursing staff data posted daily for each nursing shift. Requires the Secretary to make such data publicly available, including on an Internet website. Requires a periodic audit of such data.Provides that, for as long as the Secretary publishes quality measures to help the public compare the quality of care that nursing facilities provide, these quality measures shall include a quality measure for nursing staff.