Central America () is the southernmost, isthmian portion of the North American continent, which connects with the South American continent on the southeast. Central America is bordered by Mexico to the north, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Central America consists of seven countries: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama. The combined population of Central America is between 41,739,000 (2009 estimate) and 42,688,190 (2012 estimate).

Central America is a part of the Mesoamerican biodiversity hotspot, which extends from northern Guatemala through to central Panama. Due to the presence of several active geologic faults and the Central America Volcanic Arc, there is a great deal of seismic activity in the region. Volcanic eruptions and earthquakes occur frequently; these natural disasters have resulted in the loss of many lives and much property.

In the Pre-Columbian era, Central America was inhabited by the indigenous peoples of Mesoamerica to the north and west and the Isthmo-Colombian peoples to the south and east. Soon after Christopher Columbus's voyages to the Americas, the Spanish began to colonize the Americas. From 1609 until 1821, most of the territory within Central Americaexcept for the lands that would become Belize and Panamawas governed by the Viceroyalty of New Spain from Mexico City as the Captaincy General of Guatemala. After New Spain achieved independence from Spain in 1821, some of its provinces were annexed to the First Mexican Empire, but soon seceded from Mexico to form the Federal Republic of Central America, which lasted from 1823 to 1838. The seven states finally became independent autonomous states: beginning with Nicaragua, Honduras, Costa Rica, and Guatemala (1838); followed by El Salvador (1841); then Panama (1903); and finally Belize (1981). Even today, though, people in Central America sometimes still refer to their nations as though they are provinces of a Central American state (e.g. it is still common to write "C.A." after the country names, in formal and informal contexts). What are the answers to this following set of questions: 1. Where is Central America in relation to North America?
2. Is it a single nation?
3. How many countries are in it?
4. WHat are some of them?
5. Are all of the countries landlocked?
6. What bodies of water does it border?
7. Is the poopulation growing?
8. What was it in 2012?
9. Were Europeans the first people to live there?
10. Who were?
11. WHat European nation came there first?
12. Who did they send?
13. When did they start taking over?
14. Do they still have control of the area?
15. When did their control end?
16. Were they taken over by anyone else then?
17. WHat did they become after they left Mexico?
18. Which modern nation was the last to leave that republic?
19. WHen did that happen?
20. Is the area geologically stable?
Answer: 1. southernmost
2. no
3. seven
4. Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala
5. no
6. Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean
7. yes
8. 42,688,190
9. no
10. indigenous peoples of Mesoamerica, and the Isthmo-Colombian
11. Spanish
12. Christopher Columbus'
13. 1609
14. no
15. 1821,
16. No they were annexed though
17. Federal Republic of Central America
18. Belize
19. 1981
20. no

Problem: 110 is a cartridge-based film format used in still photography. It was introduced by Kodak in 1972. 110 is essentially a miniaturised version of Kodak's earlier 126 film format. Each frame is , with one registration hole. There were 24 frames per cartridge that occasionally enabled the user to capture an extra image due to production variations.

The film is fully housed in a plastic cartridge, which also registers the image when the film is advanced. There is a continuous backing paper, and the frame number and film type are visible through a window at the rear of the cartridge. The film does not need to be rewound and is very simple to load and unload. It is pre-exposed with frame lines and numbers, a feature intended to make it easier and more efficient for photofinishers to print.

Unlike later competing formats, such as disc and APS film, processed 110 negatives were returned in strips, without the original cartridge. The 110 cartridge was introduced by Kodak in 1972 with Kodak Pocket Instamatic cameras. The new pocket-sized cameras became immediately popular, and soon displaced competing subminiature cameras, such as the Minolta 16 series, from the market. The 110 film width is 16mm. A four frame strip measures 111mm.
1. What is 110?
2. What kind of film?
3. What type of cartridge?
4. When did it start being sold?
5. What is its width?
6. What was it first sold with?
7. Did people buy a lot of them?
8. What was a competitor of that type of camera?
9. How many pictures could be taken with one roll?
10. What company sold it?
11. Was it based off an earlier product?
12. Which one?
13. What was the change?
14. Is it difficult to use?
15. How were processed negatives given back?
16. Was this different from other types of film?
17. Does it show the frame number?
18. What else does it show?
19. Can it be used for videos?
20. How long would a 24 frame strip be?
Answer: 1. film
2. cartridge-based
3. plastic
4. 1972
5. 16mm
6. Kodak Pocket Instamatic cameras
7. yes
8. Minolta 16 series
9. 24 to 25
10. Kodak
11. yes
12. 126 film
13. it was miniaturised
14. no
15. in strips
16. yes
17. yes
18. film type
19. no
20. 666 mm

question: Johnson went to Penquay for the weekend. He arrived there late on Friday evening. The landlady of the guest house, Mrs. Smith, answered the door and showed him to his room. Johnson was very tired and went straight to bed. He slept well and didn't wake up until nine o'clock the next morning.

Johnson went downstairs for breakfast. Because there were no other guests, Mrs. Smith invited him to have breakfast with her family. Her only daughter, Catherine, about 13, was already sitting in the dining-room. Mrs. Smith went to the kitchen to prepare breakfast. Johnson noticed there were four places at the table and asked Catherine if there was another guest. Catherine told him that it was an empty place. And it used to be her father's place. Her father had been a fisherman. Three years before he had gone out in his boat, and had never returned. Her mother always kept that place for him and made his breakfast every morning. Catherine showed him his photo on the wall. Johnson said nothing, but looked very puzzled . At that moment Mrs. Smith returned. She served four cups of tea, and put one in the empty place. Looking at the empty chair, Johnson was more puzzled.

Suddenly, Johnson heard footsteps outside the door and a tall man with a black beard walked into the room. Johnson looked scared. It was the man in the photo. He jumped up and ran out of the room. The man asked, "What's the matter?" Catherine said, "I don't know. He's a guest from London. He's here because a tall man with a black beard tried to kill him." "Catherine," the man said, "have you been telling stories again?" "Stories, father? Me?" the girl laughed.
1. where was the guest house?
2. who was in charge there?
3. who was visiting?
4. when did he get there?
5. for how long?
6. What did he do when he arrived?
7. why?
8. did he have trouble sleeping?
9. how many other guests were staying?
10. who did he have breakfast with?
11. who was the empty plate for?
12. where is he?
13. how did Johnson react when he came in?
14. why was he scared?
15. what was scary about him?
16. who said that?
17. why?
18. was she joking?
****
answer:
1. Penquay
2. Mrs. Smith
3. Johnson
4. Friday evening
5. the weekend
6. went straight to bed
7. he was very tired
8. no
9. none
10. Catherine
11. her father
12. outside
13. He jumped up and ran out of the room
14. It was the man in the photo.
15. Three years before he had gone out in his boat, and had never returned.
16. Catherine
17. Johnson noticed there were four places at the table
18. Yes