(Question)
Information: - The green algae (singular: green alga) are a large, informal grouping of algae consisting of the Chlorophyte and Charophyte algae, which are now placed in separate divisions. - The Roccellaceae are a family of fungi in the order Arthoniomycetes . Most taxa are lichenized with green algae , although some are lichenicolous , growing on other lichens . - A lichen is a composite organism that arises from algae and/or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi in a symbiotic relationship. The combined life form has properties that are very different from the properties of its component organisms. Lichens come in many colours, sizes, and forms. The properties are sometimes plant-like, but lichens are not plants. Lichens may have tiny, leafless branches (fruticose), flat leaf-like structures (foliose), flakes that lie on the surface like peeling paint (crustose), or other growth forms. A macrolichen is a lichen that is either bush-like or leafy; all other lichens are termed microlichens. Here, "macro" and "micro" do not refer to size, but to the growth form. Common names for lichens may contain the word "moss" (e.g., "Reindeer moss", "Iceland moss"), and lichens may superficially look like and grow with mosses, but lichens are not related to mosses or any plant. Lichens do not have roots that absorb water and nutrients as plants do but like plants they produce their own food by photosynthesis using solar energy, from carbon dioxide, water and minerals in their environment. When they grow on plants, they do not live as parasites but instead use the plants as a substrate. - Algae (singular "alga" ) is an informal term for a large, diverse group of photosynthetic organisms which are not necessarily closely related, and is thus polyphyletic. Included organisms range from unicellular genera, such as "Chlorella" and the diatoms, to multicellular forms, such as the giant kelp, a large brown alga which may grow up to 50m in length. Most are aquatic and autotrophic and lack many of the distinct cell and tissue types, such as stomata, xylem, and phloem, which are found in land plants. The largest and most complex marine algae are called seaweeds, while the most complex freshwater forms are the Charophyta, a division of green algae which includes, for example, "Spirogyra" and the stoneworts. - Arthoniomycetes are a class of ascomycete fungi. It includes the single order Arthoniales. Most of the taxa in this class are tropical and subtropical lichens. After reading the paragraphs above, we are interested in knowing the entity with which 'roccellaceae' exhibits the relationship of 'parent taxon'. Find the answer from the choices below. Choices: - arthoniales - arthoniomycetes - charophyta - chlorella - cyanobacteria - fungi - reindeer
(Answer)
arthoniales

(Question)
Information: - Welcombe is a village and civil parish on the coast of North Devon, England, just north of the border with Cornwall. It is part of the District of Torridge. The population taken at the 2011 census was 187. - Cornwall is a ceremonial county and unitary authority area of England within the United Kingdom. It is bordered to the north and west by the Celtic Sea, to the south by the English Channel, and to the east by the county of Devon, over the River Tamar. Cornwall has a population of and covers an area of . The administrative centre, and only city in Cornwall, is Truro, although the town of Falmouth has the largest population for a civil parish and the conurbation of Camborne, Pool and Redruth has the highest total population. - St Nectan 's Church is the parish church of Welcombe , on the border of Devon and Cornwall . W. G. Hoskins writes '' St Nectan 's Chapel was one of the many medieval chapels in the vast parish of Hartland . It lies in unspoiled country , altogether Cornish in appearance and feeling , with views down the combes to the Atlantic . Welcombe was raised to parochial status in 1508 , when the church was enlarged by the addition of the north and south transepts . The square - headed screen ( early 14th century ) is of unique interest . It is , except for its cornice ( which is later and much resembles that at Hartland ) by far the earliest remaining screen in Devon . The lectern is Jacobean and the pulpit restored Tudor . '' The church was ' restored ' in 1883 - 84 and a vestry added in 1911 . The tower contains six bells , four cast in 1731 . According to Nikolaus Pevsner the building is early medieval , including the low western tower . The pulpit has narrow early Renaissance panels . There is a holy well near the church . - In England, a civil parish is a territorial designation which is the lowest tier of local government below districts and counties, or their combined form, the unitary authority. It is an administrative parish, in contrast to an ecclesiastical parish. - Torridge is a local government district in North Devon, England. Its council is based in Bideford. Other towns and villages in the district include Holsworthy, Great Torrington, Hartland and Westward Ho!. The island of Lundy is administratively part of the district. To the south of the district bordering Cornwall, near Welcombe, the rugged coastline has a wild untouched beauty, due to its inaccessibility, but the South West Coast Path is well defined. The district is named after the River Torridge. - Devon (archaically known as Devonshire) is a county of England, reaching from the Bristol Channel in the north to the English Channel in the south. It is part of South West England, bounded by Cornwall to the west, Somerset to the northeast, and Dorset to the east. The City of Exeter is the county town; seven other districts of East Devon, Mid Devon, North Devon, South Hams, Teignbridge, Torridge, and West Devon are under the jurisdiction of Devon County Council; Plymouth and Torbay are each a part of Devon but administered as unitary authorities. Combined as a ceremonial county, Devon's area is and its population is about 1.1 million. After reading the paragraphs above, we are interested in knowing the entity with which 'st nectan's church' exhibits the relationship of 'located in the administrative territorial entity'. Find the answer from the choices below. Choices: - bristol - centre - cornwall - devon - district - east devon - england - hartland - of - plymouth - river - somerset - south - south hams - torbay - torridge - truro - united kingdom
(Answer)
torridge