Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: 18.2 Formation of New Species Speciation occurs along two main pathways: geographic separation (allopatric speciation) and through mechanisms that occur within a shared habitat (sympatric speciation). Both pathways isolate a population reproductively in some form. Mechanisms of reproductive isolation act as barriers between closely related species, enabling them to diverge and exist as genetically independent species. Prezygotic barriers block reproduction prior to formation of a zygote, whereas postzygotic barriers block reproduction after fertilization occurs. For a new species to develop, something must cause a breach in the reproductive barriers. Sympatric speciation can occur through errors in meiosis that form gametes with extra chromosomes (polyploidy). Autopolyploidy occurs within a single species, whereas allopolyploidy occurs between closely related species. Q: Both pathways that isolate a population reproductively in some form, allopatric and sympatric describe what, which means the creation of new species? A:

OPTIONS:
- accumulation
- extinction
- bacterial
- speciation

A: speciation

input: OPTIONS:
- became larger
- lose of acquired traits
- ecological of acquired characteristics
- inheritance of acquired characteristics Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Jean Baptiste Lamarck (17441829) was an important French naturalist. He was one of the first scientists to propose that species change over time. However, Lamarck was wrong about how species change. His idea of the inheritance of acquired characteristics is incorrect. Traits an organism develops during its own life time cannot be passed on to offspring, as Lamarck believed. Q: How did lamarck believe species change over time? A:
A:
output: inheritance of acquired characteristics

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Fruit begins to ripen because what gas is released? A:

OPTIONS:
- sulfur
- chloride
- hydrogen
- ethylene

Answer: ethylene

Problem: OPTIONS:
- spores
- fruits
- roots
- leaves
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Leaf Arrangement The arrangement of leaves on a stem is known as phyllotaxy. The number and placement of a plant's leaves will vary depending on the species, with each species exhibiting a characteristic leaf arrangement. Leaves are classified as either alternate, spiral, or opposite. Plants that have only one leaf per node have leaves that are said to be either alternatemeaning the leaves alternate on each side of the stem in a flat planeor spiral, meaning the leaves are arrayed in a spiral along the stem. In an opposite leaf arrangement, two leaves arise at the same point, with the leaves connecting opposite each other along the branch. If there are three or more leaves connected at a node, the leaf arrangement is classified as whorled. Q: The arrangement of what plant structures can be classified as either alternate, spiral, or opposite? A:
Answer: leaves

Problem:OPTIONS:
- calcium
- helium
- ions
- hydrogen

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Some molecules are not able to satisfy the octet rule by making only single covalent bonds between the atoms. Consider the compound ethene, which has a molecular formula of C 2 H 4 . The carbon atoms are bonded together, with each carbon also being bonded to two hydrogen atoms. Q: The carbon atoms are bonded together, with each carbon also being bonded to two of what kind of atoms? A:
****
A: hydrogen

Problem:OPTIONS:
- practicum
- example
- variation
- experiment

Answer the following question given this paragraph: An experiment is a controlled scientific study of specific variables. A variable is a factor that can take on different values. Q: What is a controlled scientific study of specific variables called? A:
****
A:
experiment