Generate an explanation for the given claim using the provided supporting material from the paragraph. Please consider the following points while generating an output. 1) The claim will always have supporting proof in the paragraph, and the paragraph will have a clear point of view supporting the claim. 2) There can be instances where direct correlation to the claim is not available. Make use of the sentences in the paragraph to provide a corresponding output supporting the claim. 3) The explanation should be at least one and at most twelve sentences long.

Ex Input:
Paragraph: While Vice President Mike Pence runs the White House coronavirus task force, his wife is leading a parallel effort to help people deal with anxiety and other unsettling emotions brought on by the pandemic. Two months into the crisis, millions of Americans are struggling to cope with the fallout, whether it's losing loved ones, losing a job or staying at home more than they ever have. "This is something we're all going through together, and it's not like anything we've ever gone through before," Karen Pence told The Associated Press in a recent interview. She is lead ambassador for the PREVENTS task force, an acronym for the President's Roadmap to Empower Veterans and End the National Tragedy of Suicide. It was created in 2019 to focus on veterans' suicides but recently launched a social media campaign called "More Than Ever Before" to help reach Americans before they get to "the end of their rope," she said. "We want them to know there's help out there, and there are things that we can do to prevent some of the effects that this is having on our mental health as a nation," Mrs. Pence said. She joined the PREVENTS effort early this year, before the extent of the coronavirus threat in the U.S. became clear. A majority of Americans say they have felt at least one negative emotional reaction in the last seven days, according to a new poll conducted by NORC at the University of Chicago for the Data Foundation. At least a third of Americans reported feeling nervous, depressed, lonely or hopeless at least one day in the past week. But taken together, 61% of Americans say they have felt at least one of those emotions at one point throughout the week. Nine percent also reported having a physical reaction, such as sweating, nausea or hyperventilating, when thinking about their experience with the pandemic on one or more days. The new poll, conducted last week, is the second wave of the COVID-19 Household Impact Survey. Thirty-eight percent of Americans say they felt lonely at least one of the last seven days. Sixteen percent said they felt that way on three or more days. And 38% said they felt hopeless about the future at least once, with 14% saying they felt that way on three or more days. Those patterns are similar for feelings of anxiety and depression. Mrs. Pence says there are four basic things people can do to help them cope with the situation, beginning with a daily "check in" with themselves to gauge how they're feeling and then reach out to a friend or other individual if they need someone to hear them out. They should also figure out what puts them at ease, whether it's reading, cooking or another activity, and schedule time for it. Mrs. Pence, a watercolor artist, said she's been working on a painting of a friend's house and is designing her family's Christmas card. People should also talk about their struggles and successes and include children in those conversations. And if they're concerned about themselves or someone else, they should feel comfortable calling the national suicide prevention lifeline at 1-800-273-TALK. "It's OK to not be OK," said Mrs. Pence. She posts tips and information about available resources on her Twitter page. Among those grappling with the new dynamics is Jody Garrison, who works from her Milwaukee home, turning old books into journals and selling them online. It's the rare trip to the grocery store or to the auto mechanic shop later this week to pick up her car after a repair that brings on the anxiety. "You worry about, 'Am I going to catch something from touching something?' so I truly don't go out in public much at all," she said by telephone. Being retired helps, as Garrison had long settled into a routine. The 68-year-old plays with her grandchildren online and meets friends there, and is exercising and reading more, too. "I think what's kept my sanity is that I've tried really hard to stay focused on things that kept me happy in the past to sustain the thought of being alone," she said. "I'm trying to stay focused on the positive, and when you do that, it doesn't seem quite so bad." Anxious to see the U.S. economy humming again, President Donald Trump has pushed back against those who warn that coronavirus cases will spike after state lockdowns are lifted. He says more people will die from suicide and substance abuse the longer schools, businesses and workplaces remain closed and people stay at home. Experts say rates of suicide and substance abuse were rising before the pandemic, but it's too soon to know how much they may have increased during the outbreak. Suicide prevention and mental health advocates said they welcome the PREVENTS effort but would like to see more spending on a more coordinated effort to reduce deaths caused by despair. "You don't have to be a mental health expert to know we're in deep trouble," said former Rep. Patrick Kennedy, D-R.I., co-chair of a new public-private effort to respond to mental health and suicide prevention needs both during and after the coronavirus. Suicide is the 10th leading cause of death in the U.S., with 48,000 deaths reported in 2018, said Jerry Reed, who serves with Kennedy on the executive committee of the National Action Alliance for Suicide Prevention, which is separate from the virus-related initiative. Reed, a longtime suicide prevention advocate, said he'd like to see the same amount of effort that went into combating the coronavirus put into responding to mental health needs. "I like the fact that we all came together to flatten the physical curve of the virus," Reed said. "I would suggest we all come together to flatten the mental health curve." ___ Associated Press writers Tammy Webber in Chicago and Hannah Fingerhut in Washington contributed to this report. ___ Follow Darlene Superville on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/dsupervilleap ___ This story has been corrected to show that Kennedy represented Rhode Island, not Massachusetts. Claim: Karen Pence: 'It's OK to not be OK' during pandemic.

Ex Output:
Karen Pence says it's OK to not be OK during the coronavirus pandemic.

Ex Input:
Paragraph: A University of Iowa study shows the state's contribution to the Gulf dead zone spiked 47 percent to 618 million pounds in 2016, based on five-year running annual averages. "Just based on water quality data, I think we can say we've not made much progress over the past 20 years in terms of nitrogen," said Chris Jones, a research engineer at the UI's IIHR-Hydroscience & Engineering. Environmentalists say the study raises new questions about the effectiveness of Iowa's approach to improving water quality and its reliance on voluntary ag compliance. "We've been pouring state and federal money into cutting nutrient pollution for decades, and this highlights the fact that the voluntary approach is not working," said Jennifer Terry, executive director of the Iowa Environmental Council. "We're not headed in the right direction. ... We need to follow the lead of other states and pass some environmental laws that will actually reduce loads and result in cleaner water," Terry said. The Des Moines Register reports that the news comes as Iowa marks the five-year anniversary of the Iowa Nutrient Reduction Strategy, a plan designed to cut by 45 percent the nitrogen and phosphorus levels that leave Iowa and feed Gulf hypoxia or the dead zone. Oxygen levels within the zone are so low that marine life can no longer survive, threatening the Gulf's seafood industry. Most of the nutrient losses come from farming, although the strategy also targets losses from urban wastewater and industrial operations. Last year, Iowa invested $420 million in those water quality improvements, including helping farmers plant cover crops, build terraces and tackle other conservation practices that hold nutrients in place. But farmers expanding their drainage tile systems along with increasing hog, cattle and chicken feeding operations, which provide manure to fertilize crops likely outweigh those conservation efforts, UI scientists say. The nutrient reduction practices "being implemented are a tiny, tiny portion of what needs to be done, and it's occurring in a system that's changing," Jones said. "We appreciate all that is being done with nutrient management and conservation farming. Unfortunately, we're just impacting too few acres with too few practices," added Larry Weber, executive associate dean for UI's College of Engineering. Jones wrote the study with Weber and Keith Schilling, another UI research engineer. Increased nutrient pollution in water creates problems for people and animals beyond the dead zone. High phosphorus levels can lead to toxic algae blooms that can befoul lakes, rivers and streams, potentially killing pets and making people ill. And the federal government limits the amount of nitrates in drinking water to 10 milligrams per liter. Higher levels can be fatal to babies under 6 months old. Increased levels translate to higher costs for utilities for nitrate removal. "We need a dramatic increase, a rapidly-scaled up increase in conservation practices and more funding," said Cindy Lane, the Iowa Environmental Council's water program director. Schilling said the study shows that targeting nutrient reduction investment in Iowa can have a significant impact downstream. "Iowa has a dominant role in this Gulf hypoxia issue," Schilling said. "Let's invest the resources here, where we really need it. "If we solve Iowa, we solve the Gulf," he said. The UI study gives Iowans new information in the fight to reduce the nitrogen levels that flow from the state into the Mississippi and Missouri rivers, which make their way to the Gulf of Mexico. Looking at Iowa Department of Natural Resources data from 23 monitoring stations, the study shows Iowa on average over the past 18 years contributed 29 percent of the total nitrogen headed to the Gulf from the Mississippi-Atchafalaya river basin. The river basin is a massive watershed that includes all or part of 31 states. Iowa's nitrogen impact was even greater in other watersheds. The state averaged 45 percent of the nitrogen levels going into the Upper Mississippi River basin, and 55 percent of the nitrogen going into to the Missouri River basin. "When you look at the entire Missouri (River) watershed, our land comprises 3.3 percent of the total area ... and Iowa contributes nearly 12 percent of the water," Jones said. But "we contribute 55 percent of the nitrate," he said. "The way that pencils out is that the amount of water coming from Iowa has seven times more nitrates than the rest of the Missouri River watershed," Jones said. If Iowa's contributions were removed, the Missouri River would have little nitrogen contributions in some years. "We really need to take seriously the Missouri River's contribution as a driver for Gulf hypoxia," Jones said. The growing concentration of livestock feeding operations in western Iowa might account for Iowa's large contribution to the Missouri River nitrate levels, the scientists said. "People tend to dismiss livestock influences, but maybe there's more to it than people give credit it for," Schilling said, adding that it would require more study to determine the impact. Iowa's nitrogen levels, based on running five-year annual averages, have been above the 2003 value for 10 consecutive years, the study says. The scientists say 2003 was the first year the five-year rolling average could be calculated, with data that starts in 1999. The goal of the Gulf Hypoxia Task Force, made up of federal, state and tribal leaders, "will be very difficult to achieve if nitrate retention cannot be improved in Iowa," the report said. The task force, with Iowa Agriculture Secretary Mike Naig as chairman, seeks to reduce the dead zone to 1,900 square miles by 2035. The deadline was extended from 2015. Last year, the dead zone set a record, which, at 8,776 square miles, was more than four times the goal size. The report says about 90 percent of Iowa's nitrogen levels "can be sourced to the 72 percent of the state's land area that is in crop cultivation." Iowa, an agriculture powerhouse, is a national leader in corn, soybean, pork, egg and beef production. "This intense production of carbohydrates and protein has resulted in the state being a leading contributor" to the nitrogen loads and Gulf hypoxia, the report said. Naig said farmers understand the important role they play in improving water quality and are scaling up efforts across the state "as we move from demonstration projects to larger, watershed-scale implementation projects. "We recognize that there is still a lot of work to be done, but we are on the right path," said Naig, who adds farmers are working with more than 250 partners in 65 rural and urban demonstration projects. The UI scientists doubt that increased cropping is the reason for the increased nitrogen impact. Iowa's cropped area has increased only 4 percent over the past 18 years, while other states' farmed land has climbed 21 percent, particularly in Minnesota, North and South Dakota and Kansas. About 85 percent of Iowa's acres are farmed, making it the fifth-highest in the nation, based on the 2012 U.S. Agriculture Census, so there are few acres left that can be brought into production compared with other states. "Iowa's decline in the share of the region's soybean area was especially pronounced, dropping from 18.6 percent in 1999 to 14.5 percent in 2016," the report said. "One would expect our (nitrogen) contributions relative to the other areas would be diminished," Jones said. "But the opposite has occurred." Jones said it's led the scientists to consider other factors. The scientists doubt that Iowa farmers are using significantly more fertilizer. "When we look at nitrogen sales data, it might change a little year over year. But on a per acre basis, that hasn't changed a lot since 1990," he said. And with little increase in corn and soybean acres, the scientists speculate that Iowa's increased nitrogen levels could be coming from more drainage tiles. Or farmers could be using more manure as fertilizer from animal feeding operations. Without Iowa, the Gulf's overall nitrate loads would have declined 43,400 tons over 18 years, based on five-year running annual averages, the scientists' data show. Instead nitrate loads grew by 52,000 tons. "It's pretty clear these loads from the Ohio basin have to be declining," Jones said. "A lot that is coming from Indiana." That state's high level of cover crop adoption by farmers could be the reason, he said, and should be studied. Cover crops such as cereal rye slow the rate of water runoff, reduce erosion and improve soil fertility. Iowa also needs to honestly discuss the impact that drainage tiling has on nitrogen losses, Jones said. Iowa doesn't collect data on how much underground drainage runs through the state, although officials estimate about 9 million acres are drained through tile. Environmentalists believe the number is much higher. Underground drainage tile helps improve yields by quickly removing excess water from fields. Iowa's tiling system consists of a network of drainage lines that feed into large pipes. The massive network, first constructed in the 1920s, '30s and '40s, turned once swampy lands into some of the nation's most productive farmland. But water quickly carried away by the tiling system misses cleansing that would naturally occur by filtering through soil or the roots of trees, shrubs and grasses in riparian buffers along streams. Des Moines Water Works unsuccessfully sued drainage districts in three north Iowa counties in 2015, claiming underground tiles funneled high levels of nitrates into the Raccoon River, a source of drinking water for 500,000 central Iowa residents. "We acknowledge that it's important to track implemented conservation, and we encourage that," Jones said. "But we also need to have the courage to talk about these things that drive the system in the other direction." Terry said Iowa is "one of the most heavily tiled states in the nation," and its 110-year-old law regulating the practice does little to protect water quality. ___ Information from: The Des Moines Register, http://www.desmoinesregister.com Claim: Study: Iowa nitrogen pollution in the water is getting worse.

Ex Output:
Nitrogen pollution flowing out of Iowa to the Gulf of Mexico has grown by close to 50 percent over nearly two decades, a new report shows, despite hundreds of millions of dollars spent to stem nutrients entering the state's waterways.

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Paragraph: The Federal Research Institute for Animal Health said scientists examined brain samples from 56 people who died in Bavaria between 1999 and 2019. They found evidence of Borna disease virus in eight samples. Along with six previously known cases since the mid-1990s, this brings to 14 the number of encephalitis deaths in Bavaria linked to the Borna virus over that period. The study published in the latest issue of medical journal The Lancet Infectious Diseases was conducted together with researchers from four German universities and Germany's Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine. Borna disease virus 1, or BoDV-1, is normally found in horses, sheep and other mammals. It was first identified as the cause of severe human encephalitis in 2018. The virus is harbored by the bicolored white-toothed shrew and researchers suspect that infections are caused by contact with the animal's excrement. While natural human-to-human transmission has been ruled out, some cases resulted from organ transplants. Symptoms of encephalitis include fever, severe headaches, speech and gait disorders that can lead to coma within days or a few weeks. The researchers noted that while BoDV-1 has a very high death rate, "the absolute number of infections and hence the risk of infection is estimated to be very low." They said the main risk areas in Germany are the states of Bavaria, Thuringia, Saxony-Anhalt and parts of neighboring adjoining states. Germany will require compulsory notification of BoDV-1 infections from March. Claim: Germany: Rare virus linked to more fatal encephalitis cases.

Ex Output:
A review of fatal encephalitis cases in the southern German state of Bavaria has found that more than twice as many as previously known were tied to a rare animal-borne virus, researchers said Wednesday.