(Q).
Q: Organic compounds are defined as covalently bonded compounds containing carbon, excluding carbonates and what else? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: At one time in history, it was thought that only living things were capable of synthesizing the carbon-containing compounds present in cells. For that reason, the term organic was applied to those compounds. Eventually it was proved that carbon-containing compounds could be synthesized from inorganic substances, but the term organic has remained. Currently, organic compounds are defined as covalently bonded compounds containing carbon, excluding carbonates and oxides. By this definition, compounds such as carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ) are considered to be inorganic. Organic chemistry is the study of all organic compounds. Choices: - gases - crystals - acids - oxides A:
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oxides

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Q: Which infection turns ant's abdomen red and fruit-like and an easy prey for birds? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: neotropicum infects the ant Cephalotes atratus, leading to dramatic changes in the infected ant's morphology and behavior. The infected ant's abdomen turns red and is held raised up, which makes it resemble a fruit and increases the likelihood of the infected ant being eaten by birds (). The birds transport the worms, which survive in their digestive systems until they are excreted; they are then eaten by, and infect new ants to complete the worm's life cycle.78 Perhaps the most famous example of this type of behavior occurs in wasps of the family Ichneumonidae. Female wasps deposit their fertilized eggs into the bodies of various types of caterpillars. The wasp eggs hatch out and produce larvae which then feed on the living caterpillar, consuming it from the inside out. Charles Darwin, in a letter to the American naturalist Asa Gray, remarked "There seems to me too much misery in the world. I cannot persuade myself that a beneficent & omnipotent God would have designedly created the Ichneumonidae with the express intention of their feeding within the living bodies of caterpillars, or that a cat should play with mice. " Rather than presume that a supernatural creator was responsible for such apparently cruel behaviors, Darwin and others sought alternative, morally neutral naturalistic processes that could both generate biological diversity and explain biological behaviors. As the diversity of organisms became increasingly apparent and difficult to ignore, another broad and inescapable conclusion began to emerge from anatomical studies: many different organisms displayed remarkable structural similarities. For example, as naturalists characterized various types of animals, they found that they either had an internal skeleton (the vertebrates) or did not (the invertebrates). Comparative studies revealed that there were often many similarities between quite different types of organisms. A classic work, published in 1555, compared the skeletons of a human and a bird, both vertebrates.79 While many bones have... Choices: - yeast - trichina - cocklebur - neotropicum A:
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neotropicum

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Q: Plastics are common examples of synthetic polymers of what abundant element? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: Synthetic carbon polymers are produced in labs or factories. Plastics are common examples of synthetic carbon polymers. You are probably familiar with the plastic called polyethylene. All of the plastic items pictured in the Figure below are made of polyethylene. It consists of repeating monomers of ethylene (C 2 H 4 ). Structural formulas for ethylene and polyethylene are also shown in the Figure below . To learn more about synthetic carbon polymers and how they form, go to this URL: http://www. youtube. com/watch?v=7nCfbZwGWK8. Choices: - silver - silicon - hydrogen - carbon A:
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carbon