input question: Process: - The flu virus has receptors, which are like viral Velcro, on the surface of the virus particle - The receptors will lock onto a target cell using these chemical receptors on the surface, which docks onto the cell surface - The receptors then go into the cell - The receptors use it like a factory - The receptors take it over and make it produce thousands or in some cases millions of copies of new viruses - The copies come streaming out of the cell - The copies infect other cells to make more viruses, or they escape from the body and infect a new victim - Perturbation hypothesis: suppose less receptors enter the cell happens, how will it affect MORE cells being damaged. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process????
output answer: yes

Process: - Food enters the small intestine - The small intestine produces hormones - The hormones cause the pancreas to produce enzymes for digestion - The enzymes travel from the pancreas to the small intestine through tubes - The enzymes help the intestines digest the food - The pancreas produces the hormones insuline and glucagon - The hormones control the amount of sugar in the blood. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose not as much of the water will be able to be heated happens, how will it affect the pancreas working HARDER. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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Answer: no

Q: Process: - Batteries are put in a flashlight - The flashlight is turned on - Two contact strips touch one another - A circuit is completed between the batteries and the lamp - The lamp in the flashlight begins to glow - The reflector in the flashlight directs the lamp's beam - A straight beam of light is generated - The flashlight is turned off - The circuit is broken - The beam is no longer visible. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose the batteries are old happens, how will it affect the flashlight will not have a power source. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
A: yes

Question: Process: - An organism dies - Water seeps into the remains - Minerals dissolved in the water form crystals - Crystalized minerals cause the remains to harden - The minerals form a fossil. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose water has less salt in it happens, how will it affect LESS fossils forming. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
Answer: no

[Q]: Process: - Build a satellite - Attach a rocket - Add rocket fuel - Launch rocket - Satellite goes into orbit. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose less steam rises happens, how will it affect LESS or SMALLER satelites in space. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
****
[A]: no

Problem: Given the question: Process: - A star burns in space - Eventually it burns all its hydrogen - Becomes a red giant - Once the red giant burns itself out - The core of the star collapses - The gasses will start to disperse - Only the core is left - A white dwarf has been formed. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose the star is young happens, how will it affect the star is larger. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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The answer is:
yes