Answer the following question given this paragraph: Neurogenesis At one time, scientists believed that people were born with all the neurons they would ever have. Research performed during the last few decades indicates that neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons, continues into adulthood. Neurogenesis was first discovered in songbirds that produce new neurons while learning songs. For mammals, new neurons also play an important role in learning: about 1,000 new neurons develop in the hippocampus (a brain structure involved in learning and memory) each day. While most of the new neurons will die, researchers found that an increase in the number of surviving new neurons in the hippocampus correlated with how well rats learned a new task. Interestingly, both exercise and some antidepressant medications also promote neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Stress has the opposite effect. While neurogenesis is quite limited compared to regeneration in other tissues, research in this area may lead to new treatments for disorders such as Alzheimer's, stroke, and epilepsy. How do scientists identify new neurons? A researcher can inject a compound called bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) into the brain of an animal. While all cells will be exposed to BrdU, BrdU will only be incorporated into the DNA of newly generated cells that are in S phase. A technique called immunohistochemistry can be used to attach a fluorescent label to the incorporated BrdU, and a researcher can use fluorescent microscopy to visualize the presence of BrdU, and thus new neurons, in brain tissue (Figure 16.20). Q: What was first discovered in songbirds that produce new neurons while learning songs? A:
OPTIONS:
- proteins
- Brain Cord
- homeostasis
- neurogenesis

Answer: neurogenesis

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: All living cells are surrounded by a cell membrane. Plant cells (Figure 17.3 "An Idealized Plant Cell") and animal cells (Figure 17.4 "An Idealized Animal Cell") contain a cell nucleus that is also surrounded by a membrane and holds the genetic information for the cell. (For more information about genetics and DNA, see Chapter 19 "Nucleic Acids". ) Everything between the cell membrane and the nuclear membraneincluding Saylor URL: http://www. saylor. org/books. Q: What part of the cell is surrounded by a membrane and holds the genetic information for the cell? A:
OPTIONS:
- cell wall
- upper
- lower
- nucleus
Answer: nucleus

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: The logistics of carrying out cellular metabolism sets limits on what physical property of the cell? A:
OPTIONS:
- surface
- composition
- layer
- size
output: size

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: A polyatomic ion is an ion composed of more than one atom. For example, the ammonium ion consists of one nitrogen atom and four hydrogen atoms. Together, they comprise a single ion with a 1+ charge and a formula of NH 4 + . The carbonate ion consists of one carbon atom and three oxygen atoms, and it carries an overall charge of 2. The formula of the carbonate ion is CO 3 2- . The atoms of a polyatomic ion are tightly bonded together, so the entire ion behaves as a single unit. Figure below shows several models, and Table below lists many of the most common polyatomic ions. Q: A polyatomic ion is an ion composed of more than one what? A:

OPTIONS:
- pair bond
- neutron
- nucleus
- atom

A: atom

input: OPTIONS:
- generational biology
- computational biology
- relational biology
- human genetics Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Human genetics is the field of biology that focuses on the study of inheritance in humans. Q: What is the field of biology that focuses on the study of inheritance in humans? A:
A:
output: human genetics

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Lipids Lipids include a diverse group of compounds that are united by a common feature. Lipids are hydrophobic ("waterfearing"), or insoluble in water, because they are nonpolar molecules. This is because they are hydrocarbons that include only nonpolar carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds. Lipids perform many different functions in a cell. Cells store energy for long-term use in the form of lipids called fats. Lipids also provide insulation from the environment for plants and animals (Figure 2.17). For example, they help keep aquatic birds and mammals dry because of their water-repelling nature. Lipids are also the building blocks of many hormones and are an important constituent of the plasma membrane. Lipids include fats, oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids. Q: In what form of lipids cells store energy for long-term use? A:
OPTIONS:
- meat
- nuts
- treasure
- fat
Answer:
fat