Information: - Jodie Christian ( February 2 , 1932 -- February 13 , 2012 ) was an American jazz pianist , noted for bebop and free jazz . Born in Chicago , Illinois , United States , Christian was one of the co-founders of the Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians ( AACM ) along with pianist / composer Muhal Richard Abrams , drummer Steve McCall , and composer Phil Cohran . He and Abrams were also part of the Experimental Band . He worked at Chicago 's Jazz Showcase club , and performed with Eddie Harris , Stan Getz , Dexter Gordon , Gene Ammons , Roscoe Mitchell , Buddy Montgomery and John Klemmer . Christian led a group on albums . He died on February 13 , 2012 , aged 80 , in Chicago . - A melody ("singing, chanting"), also tune, voice, or line, is a linear succession of musical tones that the listener perceives as a single entity. In its most literal sense, a melody is a combination of pitch and rhythm, while more figuratively, the term can include successions of other musical elements such as tonal color. It may be considered the foreground to the background accompaniment. A line or part need not be a foreground melody. - Hard bop is a subgenre of jazz that is an extension of bebop (or "bop") music. Journalists and record companies began using the term in the mid-1950s to describe a new current within jazz which incorporated influences from rhythm and blues, gospel music, and blues, especially in saxophone and piano playing. - Bebop or bop is a style of jazz developed in the early to mid-1940s in the United States, which features songs characterized by a fast tempo, complex chord progressions with rapid chord changes and numerous changes of key, instrumental virtuosity, and improvisation based on a combination of harmonic structure, the use of scales and occasional references to the melody. - Free jazz is an approach to jazz music that was first developed in the 1950s and 1960s as musicians attempted to alter, extend, or break down jazz convention, often by discarding fixed chord changes or tempos. Though the music of free jazz composers varied widely, a common feature was dissatisfaction with the limitations of bebop, hard bop, and modal jazz that had developed in the 1940s and 1950s. Often described as avant-garde, free jazz has also been described as an attempt to return jazz to its primitive, often religious, roots and emphasis on collective improvisation. After reading the paragraphs above, we are interested in knowing the entity with which 'jodie christian' exhibits the relationship of 'instrument'. Find the answer from the choices below. Choices: - piano - saxophone - singing
piano

*Question*
Information: - Martin Martens ( December 8 , 1797 -- February 8 , 1863 ) was a Belgian botanist and chemist born in Maastricht , Netherlands . He studied medicine in Liege , afterwards serving as a physician in Maastricht from 1823 to 1835 . From 1835 to 1863 he was a professor of chemistry at the Catholic University of Louvain . With Henri Guillaume Galeotti ( 1814 - 1858 ) , he was the binomial author of many botanical species . In 1842 , with Galeotti , he published an important treatise on ferns of Mexico titled Memoire sur les Fougeres du Mexique , et considerations sur la geographie botanique de cette contree . With Galeotti , he was also co-author of works on the botanical families Gesneriaceae and Solanaceae . The mycological genera Martensiomyces and Martensella are named in his honor , the latter genus being circumscribed by Henri Eugene Lucien Gaetan Coemans ( 1825 -- 1871 ) . - The Netherlands is the main constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is a densely populated country located in Western Europe with three island territories in the Caribbean. The European part of the Netherlands borders Germany to the east, Belgium to the south, and the North Sea to the northwest, sharing maritime borders with Belgium, the United Kingdom, and Germany. The largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague and Utrecht. Amsterdam is the country's capital, while The Hague holds the Dutch seat of government and parliament. The name "Holland" is used to refer informally to the whole of the country of the Netherlands. - Maastricht (Limburgish : "Mestreech" ; French: "Maestricht" ; Spanish: "Mastrique" ) is a town and a municipality in the southeast of the Netherlands. It is the capital city of the province of Limburg. After reading the paragraphs above, we are interested in knowing the entity with which 'martin martens' exhibits the relationship of 'languages spoken or written'. Find the answer from the choices below. Choices: - dutch - french - netherlands
**Answer**
french