In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.

Question: How long had Casualty been airing before its spinoff first aired? Passage 1:Mackinnon began her acting career in 1988, appearing in the Australian feature film Something About Love. Two further features followed, Dating the Enemy and Dust of the Wings, where she appeared in small roles, although her role in Dust of the Wing was a larger part. In 1997, she began to appear on television. She had a guest appearance on the fantasy television series , a sequel to the original series Spellbinder. Mackinnon is known for her role in the Baywatch spin-off series Baywatch: Hawaii, where she played the role of 'Allie Reese' opposite David Hasselhoff. She appeared as a regular during the show's first season. MacKinnon is best known for her role as 'Stevie Hall' (later 'Hall-Ryan') in the Logie Award-winning Australian television series McLeod's Daughters, where she appeared at the end of season three through the final season in 2009. Her role as Stevie earned her several Logie Award nominations, for Most Popular New Female Talent and Most Popular Actress. In 2007 & 2009, she received Gold Logie Award nominations. Mackinnon's other television work includes roles on Water Rats, All Saints, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's The Lost World, The Cut, , Cops L.A.C. and City Homicide. In 2001, she appeared with Powers Boothe in the television mini-series Attila, which also featured Gerard Butler, and in 2003, she starred in the Syfy television film Deep Shock. Mackinnon also played roles in three direct-to-video films, Python, Dark Waters and Submission, for which she also served as producer.
Passage 2:Casualty is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One. The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin. It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show Holby City. Casualty follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General. It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa "Duffy" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) have since left the show. Many main characters have been written in and out of the series since. In addition, Casualty features guest stars each week, as well as recurring guests that take part in story arcs that span a portion of a series or multiple series.
Passage 3:Anna Kraus, Op. 30 is a radio opera in one act by composer Franz Reizenstein. The work uses an English language libretto by Christopher Hassall to tell the tragic tale of a German woman who is forced to leave her country due to oppression from the Nazi regime, as the Nazis did not like her political views. The opera was commissioned by the British Broadcasting Corporation following the popular success of Reizenstein's 1951 cantata Voices of Night. The opera premiered on 25 July 1952 on BBC Third Programme with conductor Norman Del Mar leading the BBC Symphony Orchestra and singers Victoria Sladen (as Anna) and Lloyd Strauss-Smith (as Pavel). It was submitted by the BBC later that year for the Prix Italia. Critical reaction to the work was mixed. The New Statesman described the work as "engaging" and a "worthwhile experiment". The Annual Register wrote that the opera "suffered from the composer's emotion being too closely engaged in the sufferings of the heroine, a refugee from political oppression".

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Question: Who founded the institution where Powderly served as a professor in the Visual Communication Design Department? Passage 1:In 2005, Powderly became a Research and Development Fellow at Eyebeam where he began collaborating with Evan Roth. Working as the Graffiti Research Lab, Roth and Powderly developed open source tools for graffiti writers and activists, such as LED Throwies and L.A.S.E.R. Tag. Together, they also founded the Free Art and Technology Lab (F.A.T. Lab). Most recently, Powderly has won awards for his work on the EyeWriter project, including the 2009 Design of the Year in Interactive Art from the Design Museum, London, the 2010 Prix Ars Electronica, the 2010 FutureEverything Award and featured on NPR and TED. Several of Powderly' works are in the permanent collection of the Museum of Modern Art. Powderly was a professor at Hongik University in the Visual Communication Design Department in Seoul, South Korea, before moving to Fort Lauderdale, Florida, to work for the augmented reality company Magic Leap.
Passage 2:On March 11, 1996, the Montreal Canadiens played their last game at the Montreal Forum, defeating the Dallas Stars 4-1. The game was televised on TSN and TQS in Canada, and on ESPN2 in the United States. The Stars' Guy Carbonneau, who had captained the Canadiens from 1989 to 1994 (including their 1993 Cup win), took the ceremonial opening faceoff. After the game, many previous hockey greats were presented to the crowd, most notably Maurice Richard (said to be the Canadiens' most beloved player of all time), who received a sixteen-minute standing ovation from the crowd as he broke down in tears. A symbolic torchrepresentative of a line quoted from the poem In Flanders Fields, "To you from failing hands we throw the torch; be yours to hold it high," displayed in the Forum's home dressing roomwas carried by Emile Bouchard out of the Canadiens dressing room to the playing surface. The flaming torch was passed on to each of the former Canadiens captains (Jean Beliveau, Yvan Cournoyer, Henri Richard, Serge Savard, Bob Gainey, and Carbonneau), and finally to the then-current captain Pierre Turgeon. The next day, a parade was organized in which the torch was carried down the route to the Molson Centre (which has since been renamed the Bell Centre). Their first game at the new venue was against the New York Rangers, a game which the Canadiens won.
Passage 3:A new pre-dreadnought battleship, , was ordered under the new construction program in 1889. The advent of the 1891 Chilean Civil War saw a breach between the two branches of the Chilean Armed forces, while the bulk of navy sided the congress side the majority of the Chilean Army remained loyal to Jose Manuel Balmaceda. When the majority of the national congress broke relations with the government Jorge Montt took control of the fleet at Valparaiso and with notable politicians, like Ramon Barros Luco, on board the fleet sailed north to the nitrate-rich Tarapaca area which Chile had seized from Peru ten years earlier. Tarapaca was by that time Chile's richest region in terms of natural resources and was without the fleet practically out of reach for the Chilean Army. From here the navy organized an army made of nitrate miners which they armed and trained to face the 40,000-men strong Army of Chile. In August 1891 the new army was disembarked in Quintero and defeated the Chilean Army at the Battle of Concon and the Battle of Placilla before the presidential faction disbanded and the congressional side took power. On the elections of October 1891 Jorge Montt was elected president.

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Question: How many championships had Biela won? Passage 1:Cat Mazza has a BFA from Carnegie Mellon University and received her master's degree from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Her work has been featured in exhibitions nationally and internationally including the exhibitions Radical Lace & Subversive Knitting at the Museum of Arts and Design in New York City, Disobedient Objects at the Victoria and Albert Museum in London, Craft Futures: 40 Under 40 at the Smithsonian American Art Museum and in "She Will Always Be Younger Than Us" at the Textile Museum of Canada and the Art Gallery of Calgary, along with work from Orly Cogan, Wednesday Lupypciw, Gillian Strong, and Ginger Brooks Takahashi in connection to the "When Women Rule The World: Judy Chicago in Thread" exhibit also at the Textile Museum of Canada. Mazza has received many prestigious grants from institutions including Creative Capital, the Experimental Television Center, the Rockefeller Foundation in Media Arts, MacDowell Colony and the Craft Research Fund. She received a Creative Capital grant in 2012 for her project Knit for Defense and was a presenter at the 2011 conference The Influencers. Mazza has additionally served as an Eyebeam staff member.
Passage 2:In August 1991, hard-line Communists launched a coup against Gorbachev; while the coup quickly fell apart, it broke the remaining power of Gorbachev and the central Soviet government. Later that month, Gorbachev resigned as general secretary of the Communist party, and Russian president Boris Yeltsin ordered the seizure of Soviet property. Gorbachev clung to power as the President of the Soviet Union until December 1991, when the Soviet Union dissolved. Fifteen states emerged from the Soviet Union, and of those states, Russia was the largest and most populous. Bush and Yeltsin met in February 1992, declaring a new era of "friendship and partnership". In January 1993, Bush and Yeltsin agreed to START II, which provided for further nuclear arms reductions on top of the original START treaty. The collapse of the Soviet Union prompted reflections on the future of the world following the end of the Cold War; one political scientist, Francis Fukuyama, speculated that humanity had reached the "end of history" in that liberal, capitalist democracy had permanently triumphed over Communism and fascism. Meanwhile, the collapse of the Soviet Union and other Communist governments led to post-Soviet conflicts in Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Central Asia, and Africa that would continue long after Bush left office.
Passage 3:Yvan Muller started his BTCC career in 1998 replacing Audi Vice Champion Frank Biela that in the while came back in STW. Muller thanks to his major experience with front wheel Audi A4 got three podium and finished 7th in the 1998 championship while his teammate John Bintcliffe finished just 15th. After Audi withdraw at the end of 1998 BTCC, Yvan moved to the Vauxhall Motorsport team run by Triple Eight Race Engineering for 1999 alongside John Cleland using the Vauxhall Vectra. He would win his first BTCC race at round 7 Brands Hatch, he would eventually finish 6th in the championship while teammate John Cleland finished 13th. 2000 was the last year for the Super Tourers in the BTCC. Muller drove for Vauxhall again while Jason Plato and Vincent Radermecker joined after leaving Renault and Volvo who pulled out at the end of 1999. The Frenchman finished as the top driver for Vauxhall in 4th in the championship behind all three Ford drivers (Alain Menu, Anthony Reid and Rickard Rydell).
3