Now that military dogs are taking on a larger role in fight, they' re also taking on more of the risks that come with going to war, including developing post-traumatic stress disorder.The New York Times reports that more than 5 percent of the approximately 650 deployed military dogs are developing some form of canine PTSD . "It really is difficult, because cace the dog experiences these traumatic explosions, it's the same as the troops," Army Lt.Col. Richard A Vargus, chief of the law enforcement branch at CENTCOM told the Military Times in September."Some dogs move right through it and it doesn't affect them.Some dogs, it takes some retraining, and some dogs just refuse to work." Like humans, military dogs exhibit a range of changes in temperaments when they develop PTSD.Some become aggressive, others retreat.But because dogs can't express what the problem is, soldiers can be put at risk if their partner simply stops doing his job without warning. "If the dog is trained to find improvised explosives and it looks like it's working, but isn't, it' s not just the dog that' s at risk," Dr.Walter F.Burghardt Jr., chief of behavioral medicine at the Daniel E.Holland Military Working Dog Hospital at Lackland Air Force Base, told the Times."This is a human health issue as well." And searching for such devices has become a key responsibility for military dogs.Even after spending six years and nearly $ 19 billion on experimenting with innovative ways to detect bombs, the Pentagon admitted in 2010 that its most sophisticated technology was no match for a dog' s nose. "Electronic equipment is great in the laboratory, but out on the battlefield, you can't beat the dogs," Bill Childress, manager of the Marine Corps working dog program told the Los Angeles Times. Just as physicians have yet to find a safe way to treat PTSD among humans, so too are veterinarians weighing a wide range of options when it comes to helping their canine patients But offering dogs the same innovative treatments that their human counterparts get,... On battlefield military dogs become a key responsibility to _ . A) discover dangerous tombs B) experience PTSD C) test their noses D) treat PTSD
A
(Question)
Man still has a lot to learn about the most powerful and complex part of his body -- the brain. It may be surprising to learn that it isn't age that makes you lose your memory. The reason could be that you have a "lazy" memory, not an old one. Like your body your memory improves with exercise. Once given plenty of exercise, the brain keeps its power. Before discussing how to improve the memory, let's look at how the brain works. There are two sides to the brain, the left and the right. The right side deals with the senses (what we see, hear, feel and smell). It's the creative and imaginative side. The left side is concerned with logic. It analyzes information and puts it in order. Some recent research suggests that we remember everything that happens to us. The problem most of us has is recalling events. Most forgetting takes place immediately after learning. An hour after learning something new, more than 50% has been forgotten. After a month, 80% has been forgotten, and so on. This shows revision is very important. If you revise new material you have learnt, you remember much more. So it's of vital importance to revise newly learned material often, and have frequent breaks. We best remember what we learn at the beginning of a learning period and at the point where we stop. After the break, revise what was learned before the break and then continue learning the new material. These breaks should happen every 20 or 45 minutes. Other experiments have shown the brain needs time to "digest" what has been learned. The time necessary for this is 5 to 10 minutes. After the break, the memory will have absorbed what it has just learned, and more will be remembered. During this period it is important to exercise the right side of the brain, because the left side is used during the learning period. Therefore you should relax. Listening to music, breathing in fresh air, and looking at a picture are all ways of using the other side of the brain. So when you are studying alone, make a plan which shows when to have breaks... According to the text, you lose your memory by _ . A) getting too old B) hardly using your brain C) working too hard D) using your brain too much
(Answer)
B
Ques: Lately, Bolivia has outlawed (......) the use of animals in circus performances, and officials in the South American nation aren't doing it in a silly way! They say all Bolivian circuses must stop using animals. Some people welcome the law. They say animals should not be forced to work and that circus creatures are caged in tight spaces when they travel. However, other people say that many of the four legged performers are cared for by animal experts. Plus, they point out, circus animals entertain millions of fans. Should animals perform in circuses? Student reporters Michael and Emily have done some work on the issue. Yes, I think animals should be allowed in circus acts. Most circus trainers love and respect the animals they work with and treat them well. Certain rules and regulations also help to ensure that the animals are treated humanely, or with kindness. Millions of people love circus animals. They look forward to seeing elephants and tigers perform. Many of the animals are exotic , so people might not get the chance to see them anywhere else. "Circus animals shouldn't be banned," says Parker, a sixth grader from Oregon City, "One of the main reasons people go to the circus is to see animals they don't see every day and to see them do cool tricks." Animals should not perform in circuses. When animals are in circuses, they are forced to learn new behaviors in order to entertain humans. Those behaviors may go against their natural instincts . For example, bears _ in the winter, but bears in a circus have to perform and can't hibernate as their bodies tell them to. Also, circus animals have to travel all the time in cages. All that traveling may cause them to become confused or upset because their environment keeps changing. "When animals are removed from their habitat and held in cages ... it changes their behaviors," points out Anne Northam, a teacher from Friendswood, Texas. "They are no longer selfsufficient ." Which would be the best title for the text? A) Enjoy more fun in circuses B) More respect and kindness to animals C) Circuses in Bolivia Open or Closed D) Animals belong in circuses Yes or No
Ans: D
Winter is dangerous for drivers because it's so difficult to know what is going to happen and accidents take place easily. Bad weather can be waiting to meet you. Ice might be hiding under the snow, waiting to send you off the road. The car coming towards you might suddenly move across the road. Here are two rules for driving safely on icy roads: Rule Number One is to drive smoothly. Irregular movements can make a car very difficult to manage. So each time you either turn the wheel, touch the brake or increase your speed, you must be as gentle and slow as possible. Just imagine you are driving with a full cup of hot coffee on the seat next to you. You should drive carefully enough in order that you wouldn't get the coffee out of the cup. Rule Number Two is to pay attention to what might happen. The more ice there is, the farther you have to look down the road. Test how long it takes to stop by gently braking. Remember that you may be driving more quickly than you think. Generally speaking, allow double your normal stopping distance when the road is wet, three times this distance on snow, and even more on ice. Try to stay in control of your car at all times, or you will get into trouble. Where do you think you might read such a passage? A) In dictionaries. B) In cookbooks C) In advertisements. D) In magazine
D