Problem: Article: On gas stoves with gas marks for heat, this is usually around 6. The butter should be roughly centimeter large cubes. This will make it easier to mix in later on. Chill your butter in the refrigerator or freezer for 20 to 30 minutes beforehand so it is easier to manage. When measuring flour, use a sift or stir the flour quickly with a fork to break up large chunks and get an accurate measurement. Toss the chilled butter to coat it in flour. Then take two knives and literally cut into the mixture with crisscrossing motions. Think of cutting an "X" into the butter and flour with the two knives. The butter should be about the size of peas when you are done. You can also lightly massage the butter and flower with your fingertips, or you can use a pastry blender, which looks like 4 to 5 wire arches attached to a handle. Mix together the ingredients so that they are evenly distributed, and then stop. Over mixing can lead to starchy or tough cakes. Mix together to form a stiff dough. If you are having trouble adding mixing the dough, add 1-2 tablespoons of milk to thin it out. Using either cooking spray or a small pat of butter, grease a baking tray to prevent the rock cakes from sticking. You can also cut a piece of parchment paper and use it to line the baking tray. Using a spoon, drop a dollop of dough onto the greases baking tray. Rememberthese are rock cakes, so they don't have to be pretty to look like rocks. Check the cakes occasionally to make sure they are not burning. They are done when the outsides are firm and golden brown.
Summary: Preheat the oven to 350F (180C). Chop the butter into small cubes. Pour 1 3/4 cups flour and 4 oz butter into mixing bowl. Cut butter into flour until it looks like fine bread crumbs. Add sugar, baking powder, and fruit. Beat egg and vanilla essence in a separate bowl and add to flour mixture. Grease a large baking tray. Heap spoonfuls of dough 2-3 inches apart on the baking tray. Bake for 20 to 25 minutes at 350F (180C).

Problem: Article: For fitness, you may need a rough sense of how many of your daily calories come from protein. This can help you calculate things like your macronutrient requirements. It's fairly simple to determine how many of your daily calories come from protein. Figure out how many total grams of protein you consumed in a given day. You can use an online calorie calculator to measure the grams of protein in any given food you consumed. You can also use nutritional labels. A gram of protein contains roughly 4 calories. Multiply the total grams of protein by 4 to determine how many total calories in protein you consumed in a day. To convert ounces to grams, it can be helpful to use an online conversion system. The number of grams in an ounce is inexact, but it's somewhere around 28.3. It can be difficult to convert by hand and may be easier to do the conversion with an online system. You may also have to round numbers when converting ounces to grams. It can also be helpful to know what percentage of calories from protein a given food contains. Start by multiplying the number of protein grams by 4 to figure out how many calories of protein the item has. Then, divide the number of protein calories by the total calories in the food and multiply the sum by 100. For example, say a food contains 200 calories and 8 grams of protein. Multiply 8 by 4, which is 32 protein calories. Divide 32 by 200, giving you 0.16. When multiplied by 100, this comes out to 16, so 16% of the calories in that food come from protein. If you want to apply your knowledge to your diet, spend some time figuring out your rough protein requirements for a healthy diet. You can do this by talking to a doctor or fitness specialist about your diet, lifestyle, and any goals you have regarding fat loss or weight loss. A fitness specialist or doctor can help you figure out roughly how many calories from protein you should eat and if what is a high or low percentage protein in a given food based on your specific needs. It is generally accepted that your diet should consist of 40% carbohydrates, 40% protein, and 20% fat. This will vary depending on your diet, so do consult your doctor or dietitian. However, becoming aware of the percentage of protein you are getting in your diet can be useful as many people have too much of at least one of these macronutrients.
Summary: Calculate your total daily calories of protein. Determine the percentage of calories from protein in a given food. Know your rough protein requirements.

Problem: Article: When fixing the flapper and adjusting the water level in the tank doesn't fix a running toilet, it usually means there's a problem with the fill valve. The solution for this is replacing the fill valve. To do this, you must work with an empty tank: Turn off the water to the toilet. Flush the toilet. Use a sponge to absorb remaining water from the tank. Soak the sponge, wring it out in the sink, and continue until there's no water left in the tank. On the outside of the toilet, there will be a water supply line running into the tank. To disconnect this, unscrew the locknut securing the line in place. Turn the screw counterclockwise to loosen it. You may need a pair of pliers to loosen the locknut. Once the supply line has been disconnected, you'll see a lock nut attaching the fill valve assembly to the toilet on the outside of the tank. Remove this by using an adjustable wrench to turn the lock nut to the left (counterclockwise). Once the lock nut is off, you can pull the old fill valve assembly out from the toilet tank. You may want to take the old assembly to the hardware store when you purchase the replacement. That way, you can be sure to get the right size and style fill valve for your toilet. Alternatively, you can purchase a universal fill valve. You can replace older ball float fill valves with more modern float cup style ones. Insert the new fill valve into the same place in the tank. Fit the valve into the hole in the tank where the water supply line comes in. Hook up the water supply line. Tighten the nut in a clockwise direction to tighten it. Once the locknut has been hand tightened, use the pliers to turn the nut another quarter turn. Connect the fill tube to the water output nozzle at the top of the fill valve. Position the fill tube so it's draining into the overflow tube. If there's a clip on the overflow tube, attach the fill tube to the clip to keep it in place. Check the manufacturer's directions to determine the correct float height for the fill valve you purchased. Use a measuring tape to measure from the bottom of the tank, and adjust the fill valve to the right height by turning the adjustment screw. Turn the water back on and let the toilet tank fill with water. Check the water level, make sure the fill tube isn't in the water, and listen that there isn't any water running. Adjust the float height if necessary. Test the toilet by flushing it and letting it fill up again. Once the toilet has been fixed and is no longer running, carefully place the tank lid back on.
Summary:
Shut off the water and drain the tank. Disconnect the water supply line. Remove the original fill valve. Install the new fill valve and connect the water. Attach the fill tube. Adjust the float. Test the fill valve.