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Q: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Reporting on Influence and
Subversion by the Kremlin Act'' or ''RISK Act''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

Congress finds the following:
(1) In 1986, an interagency working group issued a report
assessing ''active measures'' by the former Soviet Union
against the United States.
(2) The working group concluded that ''there is a massive
and highly organized effort by the Soviet Union and its proxies
to influence world opinion''.
(3) The working group further observed that ''this effort
includes public diplomacy to enhance the Soviet image abroad
and . . . also includes a persistent, widespread program of
disinformation and deception designed to discredit the U.S.
image abroad and disrupt U.S. policy objectives.''.
(4) Active measures by the Russian Federation have shown no
diminution since the last report issued by the working group in
1987, including--
(A) to influence world opinion;
(B) to undercut democratic processes and
institutions in the United States and partner nations;
(C) to challenge the international liberal order;
and
(D) to establish an unfettered sphere of influence.
(5) The Director of National Intelligence concluded in
light of the Russian Federation's hacking of the 2016
presidential election that ''Russian efforts to influence the
2016 U.S. presidential election represent the most recent
expression of Moscow's longstanding desire to undermine the
U.S.-led liberal democratic order.''.
(6) The Russian Federation is deploying an array of
military, cyber, intelligence, and economic tactics to weaken
United States democratic institutions, divide Europe from the
United States, divide Europe from within, undermine
organizations such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
and the European Union, and coerce partners to cooperate with
Russia.
(7) Militarily, Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered
the forcible and illegal occupation of Crimea in March 2014 and
the invasion of Georgia in 2008.
(8) The Russian military, in which President Putin has
invested heavily, continues to engage in acts of aggression and
intimidation against United States allies across Europe.
(9) The Russian Federation's subversive activities
undermine trust in democratic systems, giving rise to political
instability.

SEC. 3. ASSESSMENT OF SUBVERSIVE ACTIVITIES BY THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION.

(a) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall submit to Congress
a report setting forth an assessment, obtained by the Secretary for
purposes of the report, of subversive activities by the Russian
Federation.
(b) Independent Assessment.--
(1) In general.--The assessment obtained for purposes of
subsection (a) shall be conducted by a federally funded
research and development center (FFRDC), or another appropriate
independent entity with expertise in diplomatic and military
developments in Europe and the Russian Federation, selected by
the Secretary for purposes of the assessment.
(2) Use of previous studies.--The entity conducting the
assessment may use and incorporate information from previous
studies on matters appropriate to the assessment.
(c) Elements.--The assessment obtained for purposes of subsection
(a) shall include the following:
(1) An assessment of disinformation and propaganda
activities of the Russian Federation, including an assessment
of--
(A) support for disinformation and propaganda
activities with respect to the United States and
foreign countries;
(B) the overall structure of the Russian
Government's disinformation and influence apparatus,
including its intelligence agencies and propaganda
outlets such as Russia Today; and
(C) propaganda techniques, including forgery, use
of media representatives and proxies, use of front
organizations, and efforts to influence international
organizations.
(2) An assessment of support by the Russian Federation for
separatist activities and other aggressive actions aimed at
undermining the sovereignty of foreign countries, particularly
in Ukraine and the Baltic countries.
(3) An assessment of cyber intrusions by the Russian
Federation to influence the infrastructure and democratic
processes in the United States and other countries.
(4) An assessment of--
(A) the use of energy exports by the Russian
Federation for purposes of political or economic
coercion; and
(B) significant investment in energy
infrastructure, including pipelines, by the Government
of Russia or Russian-controlled entities.
(5) An assessment of the deterioration of democratic
conditions in the Russian Federation, including--
(A) suppression of freedom of the press;
(B) detention, beating, and murder of political
activists and opposition leaders;
(C) suppression of minority rights;
(D) suppression of human rights; and
(E) efforts to undermine the Russian
nongovernmental organizations and Russian civil
society.
(d) Form.--The report required under subsection (a) shall be
submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.

SEC. 4. COUNTERING RUSSIAN INFLUENCE FUND.

(a) Establishment.--The President is authorized to establish in the
Department of the Treasury a fund to be known as the Countering Russian
Influence Fund (in this section referred to as the ''Fund'').
(b) Amounts in Fund.--The Fund shall consist of the following:
(1) Amounts appropriated to carry out section 7070(d) of
division C of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017 (Public
Law 115-31).
(2) Amounts otherwise available to the Secretary of State
to carry out this section.
(c) Purposes of Fund.--Amounts in the Fund for any fiscal year are
authorized to be made available to the Secretary of State for bilateral
assistance for countries in Europe, Eurasia, and Central Asia, to
counter the following activities in such countries carried out by the
Russian Federation:
(1) Support for disinformation and propaganda.
(2) Interference in foreign elections.
(3) Efforts to undermine financial transparency and
governance.
(d) Civil Society and Other Organizations.--Amounts in the Fund for
any fiscal year may be made available to carry out the purposes of the
Fund under subsection (c) through civil society and other organizations
that seek to mitigate the expansion of Russian influence and
aggression, including through public awareness campaigns and exchange
activities.
(e) Authorization of Appropriations.--
(1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated to
the President not less than $100,000,000 to carry out this
section.
(2) Relation to certain other amounts.--Such funds are in
addition to any other amounts made available for bilateral
assistance for countries in Europe, Eurasia, and Central Asia.
(3) Rule of construction.--This section shall be considered
to be an authorization of appropriations for purposes of
section 7070(d) of division C of the Consolidated
Appropriations Act, 2017 (Public Law 115-31).
(f) Report.--The Secretary of State shall submit to Congress a
report for each fiscal year for which activities are undertaken
pursuant to this section.

A: Reporting on Influence and Subversion by the Kremlin Act or the RISK Act This bill directs the Department of State to submit to Congress an assessment of subversive activities by the Russian Federation. The assessment shall be conducted by a federally funded research and development center or another appropriate independent entity with expertise in diplomatic and military developments in Europe and the Russian Federation. Such entity may use and incorporate information from previous studies and shall include assessments of: disinformation and propaganda activities of the Russian Federation; support by the Russian Federation for separatist activities and other aggressive actions aimed at undermining the sovereignty of foreign countries, particularly in Ukraine and the Baltic countries; cyber intrusions by the Russian Federation to influence the infrastructure and democratic processes in the United States and other countries; the use of energy exports by the Russian Federation for purposes of political or economic coercion and significant investment in energy infrastructure by the Russian government or Russian-controlled entities; and the deterioration of democratic conditions in the Russian Federation. The President is authorized to establish in the Department of the Treasury the Countering Russian Influence Fund to be used by the State Department for bilateral assistance to counter activities carried out in countries in Europe, Eurasia, and Central Asia by the Russian Federation to support disinformation and propaganda, interfere in foreign elections, and undermine financial transparency and governance. Amounts in the fund may be made available to carry out its purposes through civil society and other organizations that seek to mitigate the expansion of Russian influence and aggression, including through public awareness campaigns and exchange activities.
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Q: SECTION 1. ENERGY ASSISTANCE FUND.

(a) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Fund.--The term ''Fund'' means the Energy Assistance
Fund established by subsection (b).
(2) Secretary concerned.--The term ''Secretary concerned''
means, with respect to programs carried out by each Secretary--
(A) the Secretary of Agriculture;
(B) the Secretary of Energy;
(C) the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development;
(D) the Secretary of Transportation; and
(E) the Administrator of the Small Business
Administration.
(b) Establishment.--There is established in the Treasury of the
United States a revolving fund, to be known as the ''Energy Assistance
Fund'', consisting of such amounts as are appropriated to the Fund
under subsection (h)(1).
(c) Expenditures From Fund.--
(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), on request by
the Secretary concerned, the Secretary of the Treasury shall
transfer from the Fund to the Secretary concerned such amounts
as the Secretary concerned determines are necessary to provide
to carry out 1 or more qualified purposes described in
subsections (d), (e), and (f).
(2) Administrative expenses.--An amount not exceeding 10
percent of the amounts in the Fund shall be available for each
fiscal year to pay the administrative expenses necessary to
carry out this section.
(d) Low-Interest Loan Guarantees for Purchase and Installation of
Qualifying Energy Efficient Property.--
(1) In general.--To the extent that the Secretary concerned
has authority under other law to make or guarantee loans or
grants to persons to purchase and install qualifying property,
the Secretary concerned may guarantee loans made to eligible
United States persons for the purchase and installation of
qualifying property.
(2) Qualifying property.--For the purpose of paragraph (1),
qualifying property means--
(A) any component which constitutes a qualified
energy efficiency improvement (as defined in section
25C(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986);
(B) property to heat water for use in a dwelling
unit located in the United States and used a residence
by the person if at least half of the energy used by
such property for such purpose is derived from the sun;
(C) property which uses solar energy to generate
electricity for use in a dwelling unit located in the
United States and used by the person (in the case of an
individual) as a residence;
(D) qualified fuel cell property (as defined in
section 48(c)(1) of that Code) installed on or in
connection with a dwelling unit located in the United
States and used as a principal residence (within the
meaning of section 121 of that Code) by the person (in
the case of an individual); or
(E) a compliant stove (as defined in section
25E(c)(2) of that Code) which--
(i) is installed in a dwelling unit located
in the United States; and
(ii) replaces a noncompliant stove (as
defined in section 25E(c)(3) of that Code) used
in such dwelling unit.
(3) Eligibility.--To be eligible to receive a loan
guarantee under this subsection, a person that is an individual
shall have a household income of not to exceed 115 percent of
the national median household income, as determined by the
Secretary concerned.
(4) Use of loan.--The recipient of a loan guaranteed under
this subsection may use the loan only to fund improvements to
property owned by, and for the benefit of, the recipient.
(5) Amount.--The amount of a loan made to a person that is
guaranteed under this subsection shall equal the lesser of--
(A) 90 percent of the difference between--
(i) the cost incurred by the person for the
purchase and installation of the qualifying
property, as approved by the Secretary; and
(ii) the amount of any credit allowable to
the person with respect to such property under
section 25C, 25D, or 25E, of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986; or
(B) $30,000.
(6) Term of loans.--A loan guaranteed under this subsection
shall have a term of not to exceed 15 years.
(e) Low-Interest Loan Guarantees for Purchase and Installation of
Idling Reduction and Advanced Insulation for Heavy Trucks.--
(1) In general.--To the extent that the Secretary concerned
has authority under other law to make or guarantee loans or
grants to persons to purchase and install idling reduction
devices described in section 4053(9) of the Internal Revenue
Code of 1986 or advanced insulation described in section
4053(10) of such Code, the Secretary concerned may guarantee
loans made to United States persons for the purchase and
installation of such idling reduction devices and advanced
insulation.
(2) Use of loan.--The recipient of a loan guaranteed under
this subsection may use the loan only to fund improvements to
property owned by, and for the benefit of, the recipient.
(3) Amount.--
(A) In general.--The amount of a loan made to a
person that is guaranteed under this subsection shall
equal 90 percent of the difference between--
(i) the cost incurred by the person for the
purchase and installation of the idling
reduction devices and advanced insulation
described in subsection (a), as approved by the
Secretary concerned; and
(ii) 12 percent of the amount for which the
idling reduction devices or advanced insulation
was sold.
(B) Special rules.--In the case of any property
described in paragraphs (2), (3), or (4) of section
4051(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, the
amount determined under subparagraph (A) shall be zero.
(C) Determination of price.--Rules similar to the
rules of section 4052(b) of the Internal Revenue Code
of 1986 shall apply for purposes of subparagraph (B).
(4) Loan terms.--The Secretary concerned shall establish
terms for loans guaranteed under this subsection, as determined
by the Secretary concerned.
(f) Low-Interest Loan Guarantees for Purchase and Installation of
Alternative Refueling Stations.--
(1) In general.--To the extent that the Secretary concerned
has authority under other law to make or guarantee loans or
grants to persons for the purchase and installation of any
qualified alternative fuel vehicle refueling property (as
defined in section 30C(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of
1986), the Secretary concerned may guarantee loans made to
United States persons for the purchase and installation of any
such qualified alternative fuel vehicle refueling property
placed in service by the person during a taxable year.
(2) Use of loan.--The recipient of a loan guaranteed under
this subsection may use the loan only to fund improvements to
property owned by, and for the benefit of, the recipient.
(3) Amount.--The amount of a loan made to a person that is
guaranteed under this subsection shall equal 90 percent of the
difference between--
(A) the cost incurred by the person for the
purchase and installation of the qualified alternative
fuel vehicle refueling property described in paragraph
(1), as approved by the Secretary concerned; and
(B) the amount of any credit allowable to the
person under section 30C of the Internal Revenue Code
of 1986.
(4) Loan terms.--The Secretary concerned shall establish
terms for loans guaranteed under this subsection, as determined
by the Secretary concerned.
(g) Transfers of Amounts.--
(1) In general.--The amounts required to be transferred to
the Fund under this section shall be transferred at least
monthly from the general fund of the Treasury to the Fund on
the basis of estimates made by the Secretary of the Treasury.
(2) Adjustments.--Proper adjustment shall be made in
amounts subsequently transferred to the extent prior estimates
were in excess of or less than the amounts required to be
transferred.
(h) Funding.--
(1) Mandatory funding.--
(A) In general.--Notwithstanding any other
provision of law, on October 1, 2009, out of any funds
in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, the
Secretary of the Treasury shall transfer to the Fund
for the cost of loans to carry out the purposes of the
Fund $1,000,000,000, to remain available until
expended.
(B) Receipt and acceptance.--The Fund shall be
entitled to receive, shall accept, and shall use to
carry out the purposes of the Fund the funds
transferred under subparagraph (A), without further
appropriation.
(2) Authorization of appropriations.--
(A) In general.--In addition to the amount made
available under paragraph (1), there are authorized to
be appropriated to the Fund such sums as are necessary
to carry out the purposes of the Fund.
(B) Additional funding.--To the extent that a
Secretary described in subsection (a) has authority
under other law to make or guarantee loans or grants
described in subsection (d)(1), (e)(1), or (f)(1), in
addition to any other funds made available to carry out
that authority under any other provision of law, there
are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary such
sums as are necessary for the Secretary to provide
additional loans, loan guarantees, or grants under that
authority.

A: Establishes in the Treasury the Energy Assistance Fund.

Directs the Secretary of the Treasury, upon request of the Secretary concerned, to transfer amounts from the Fund to that Secretary to make or guarantee low-interest loans or grants to U.S. persons to purchase and install: (1) qualifying energy efficient property in their principal dwelling (i.e., solar powered property to heat water or generate electricity, fuel cells, or compliant stoves); (2) idling reduction devices or advanced insulation in heavy trucks; and (3) qualified alternative fuel vehicle refueling property at a station.
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Q: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Netizens Protection Act of 1999''.

SEC. 2. PROHIBITION OF INITIATION OF TRANSMISSION OF UNSOLICITED
ELECTRONIC MAIL.

(a) In General.--No person may initiate, or cause to be initiated,
the transmission of an unsolicited electronic mail message in or
affecting interstate or foreign commerce if the message--
(1) does not contain the name, physical address, and
electronic mail address of the person who initiates the
transmission of the message;
(2) does not provide an electronic method by which the
recipient of the message can contact the person who initiated
the transmission of the message to request that no further such
messages be sent, which method may include electronic mail or
Internet access; or
(3)(A) is part of a bulk transmission of such messages; and
(B) includes information that is located in the subject
line of the message and is false or misleading with respect to
the body of the message.
(b) Treatment of State Laws.--Subsection (a) may not be construed
to preempt any State law relating to unsolicited commercial electronic
mail.
(c) Private Right of Action.--
(1) Cause of action.--Any person adversely affected by a
violation of subsection (a) may, within 1 year after discovery
of the violation, bring a civil action against a person who
violates such subsection in a district court of the United
States or in any other court of competent jurisdiction, for the
district or jurisdiction in which the unsolicited electronic
mail message was received or in which the defendant is located.
(2) Relief.--In a civil action under this subsection, the
court may--
(A) grant temporary and final injunctions on such
terms as it may deem reasonable to prevent or restrain
violations of subsection (a);
(B) award damages as described in paragraph (3);
and
(C) direct the recovery of full costs, including
awarding reasonable attorneys' fees to an aggrieved
party who prevails.
(3) Damages.--
(A) Amount.--The amount of damages in an action
under this subsection for a violation of subsection (a)
may not exceed $500 for each unsolicited electronic
mail message the transmission of which was initiated in
violation of such subsection. The court shall treble
the amount recovered under the preceding sentence for
any transmission of an unsolicited electronic mail
message to the aggrieved party in violation of
subsection (a) that the court finds was initiated after
the aggrieved party contacted the initiator of the
transmission to request that the initiator not initiate
further transmissions of such mail to such person.
(B) Relationship to other damages.--Damages awarded
under this paragraph for a violation under subsection
(a) are in addition to any other damages awardable for
the violation under any other provision of law.

SEC. 3. RESTRICTIONS AGAINST USE OF INTERACTIVE COMPUTER SERVICES TO
INITIATE UNSOLICITED ELECTRONIC MAIL.

(a) Statement of Policy.--Each interactive computer service
provider shall make available to each customer of the interactive
computer servicer of the provider the policy of the provider regarding
unsolicited electronic mail, including any option the provider may have
for the customer to elect to receive or not to receive unsolicited
electronic mail and any other options customers may exercise to
restrict the receipt of unsolicited electronic mail. Such policy shall
be set forth in writing, in clear and understandable language, in the
agreement for the provision of the interactive computer service by the
customer.
(b) Violation of Policy Against Bulk Mail.--No customer of an
interactive computer service provider may use the equipment or
facilities of the provider to initiate, or cause to be initiated, the
bulk transmission of an unsolicited electronic mail message if the
policy referred to in subsection (a) of the provider prohibits the
initiation of such bulk transmissions.
(c) Cause of Action.--
(1) In general.--In addition to any other remedies
available under any other provision of law, any interactive
computer service provider adversely affected by a violation of
subsection (b) may bring a civil action in a district court of
the United States against a person who violates such
subsection.
(2) Relief.--
(A) In general.--An action may be brought under
paragraph (1) to enjoin a violation of subsection (b),
to obtain damages as specified in subparagraph (B), or
to obtain such further and other relief as the court
considers appropriate.
(B) Damages.--The amount of damages in an action
under this subsection for a violation of subsection (b)
may not exceed $500 for each unsolicited electronic
mail message the transmission of which was initiated in
violation of such subsection.
(C) Relationship to other damages.--Damages awarded
under this paragraph for a violation of subsection (b)
are in addition to any other damages awardable for the
violation under any other provision of law.
(D) Cost and fees.--The court may, in issuing any
final order in any action brought under this
subsection, award costs of suit, reasonable costs of
obtaining service of process, reasonable attorney fees,
and expert witness fees for the prevailing party.
(3) Venue; service of process.--Any civil action brought
under this subsection in a district court of the United States
may be brought in the district in which the defendant or in
which the interactive computer service provider is located, is
an inhabitant, or transacts business or wherever venue is
proper under section 1391 of title 28, United States Code.
Process in such an action may be served in any district in
which the defendant is an inhabitant or in which the defendant
may be found.

SEC. 4. PROTECTION OF INTERACTIVE COMPUTER SERVICE PROVIDERS.

(a) In General.--An interactive computer service provider who, in
good faith, takes action to restrict or prevent the receipt of
unsolicited electronic mail by its customers shall not be liable for
any harm resulting from failure to prevent such receipt.
(b) Rule of Construction.--Subsection (a) may not be construed to
prevent or restrict the liability of any interactive computer service
provider for any failure to provide any services other than restriction
or prevention for customers of receipt of unsolicited electronic mail.

SEC. 5. DEFINITIONS.

For purposes of this Act, the following definitions shall apply:
(1) Bulk.--The term ''bulk'' means, with respect to the
transmission of an electronic mail message, the transmission,
within a 7-day period, of such a message or messages that are
identical or substantially similar to 50 or more intended
recipients.
(2) Initiate the transmission.--The term ''initiate the
transmission'' means, with respect to an electronic mail, to
originate the message, and does not include the actions of any
interactive computer service whose facilities or services are
used only to relay, handle, or otherwise retransmit the
message.
(3) Interactive computer service.--The term ''interactive
computer service'' has the meaning given such term in section
230(e) of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 230(e)).
(4) Interactive computer service provider.--The term
''interactive computer service provider'' means the provider of
an interactive computer service.
(5) Recipient.--The term ''recipient'' means, with respect
to an electronic mail message, an individual electronic mail
address to which the message is directed, without regard to
whether such address corresponds to a person, computer, list
server, or other automated electronic device.
(6) Unsolicited electronic mail.--The term ''unsolicited
electronic mail'' means electronic mail unless such mail is
transmitted (A) to any person with that person's prior express
invitation or permission, or (B) to any person with whom the
sender has an established business or personal relationship.

SEC. 6. EFFECTIVE DATE.

This Act shall take effect upon the expiration of the 60-day period
beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act and shall apply to
transmissions of electronic mail initiated after the expiration of such
period.

A:
Requires each interactive computer service provider to make available to each of its customers its policy regarding unsolicited e-mail, including options for the customer to elect to receive or not receive such e-mail. Prohibits customers from using the equipment or facilities of the provider to initiate the bulk transmission of an unsolicited e-mail message if the provider's policy prohibits such bulk transmissions. Provides a right of action for providers adversely affected by customer violations of such prohibition.
States that a provider who in good faith takes action to restrict or prevent the receipt of unsolicited e-mail by its customers shall not be liable for any harm resulting from the failure to prevent such receipt.
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