question: The Internet has greatly changed the way people communicate. But some teachers think the changes are not all for the better.

Eleanor Johnson, an English professor, thinks that text messaging has made students believe that it is far more acceptable than it actually is to just make terrible spelling and grammatical errors. And she says her students over the past several years have increasingly used less formal English in their writing. Words and phrases like "guy" and "you know" now appear in research papers.

Professor Johnson supposes there is a strong relationship between the rise of informal online communication and an increase in writing mistakes. But she says there may not be much scientific information, at least not yet.

David Crystal, a British linguist , says the actively changing nature of the Internet makes it difficult to keep up-to-date in studying its effects. But he believes its influence on language is small. The main effect of the Internet on language is the way it has added to the expressive richness of language, providing language with a new set of communicative tools that haven't existed in the past.

Erin Jansen is founder of NetLingo.com, an online dictionary of the Internet and text messaging terms. She says the new technology has not changed existing language but has greatly added to its vocabulary. Basically it's freedom of expression.

And what about those teachers who find these new kinds of mistakes in spelling and grammar in their students' work? What is her message to them?

Erin Jansen said, "I am always on the students' side and won't get angry or upset about that. If it's helping the kids write more or communicate more, that's great. That's what teachers and educators want--to get kids communicating."

But Erin Jansen and David Crystal agree with Eleanor Johnson on at least one thing. Teachers need to make sure students understand the uses and rules of language.
1. What has greatly changed the way people communicate?
2. Does everyone think these changes are all for the better?
3. Who does not agree with the changes?
4. What does she blame for the acceptance of spelling errors?
5. What is one of the example phrases that has started appearing in research papers?
6. What is David Crystal's occupation?
7. And his nationality?
8. Does he believe the internet's influence on language is large?
9. What aspect of language does he believe it has added to?
10. What website did Erin Jansen start?
11. And does she believe that technology has changed existing language?
12. Does she believe it has added to or subtracted from existing language?
13. What freedom is this compared to?
14. Do Erin Jansen and David Crystal agree with Professor Johnson on anything?
****
answer: 1. The Internet
2. no
3. Eleanor Johnson
4. text messaging
5. guy
6. linguist
7. British
8. no
9. expressive richness
10. NetLingo.com
11. no
12. added
13. expression
14. yes

War Horseis a historical story by Michael Morpurgo. It is written for kids ages 8 to 12. Now just sit and get through the introduction to the plot.

In 1914, a young horse named Joey is sold to a farmer. The farmer' s son, Albert, is thrilled. He cares for Joey. When the family begins to feel the financial impact of war, Albert' s father secretly sells Joey to an army officer named Captain Nicholls. Albert begs the captain to let him join the army. Albert is too young, but Nicholls promises to take good care of Joey for him.

Nicholls treats Joey well. Though Joey still remembers Albert, he grows to like his new master. He develops a friendship with another horse, Topthorn., who belongs to Nicholls' friend, Captain Stewart. The horses and men are shipped overseas for battle. They soon face their own battle in France, and Captain Nicholls is killed.

A young soldier named Warren becomes Joey's new owner. Joey and Topthorn do well in battle, but the Germans capture Warren and Stewart and their horses. The horses' duty of pulling carts full of wounded German soldiers earns them praise. An old farmer and his granddaughter, Emilie, _ the horses as well. When the German army moves out of the area, Emilie and her grandfather keep the two horses. Joey and Topthorn are content to work the farm until another band of soldiers takes them. They become workhorses under bad conditions. Joey is very upset when Topthorn dies of exhaustion.

Alone and frightened, Joey wanders into "no-man's-land" between the German and English camps. An English soldier takes him back to camp.

Joey is reunited with Albert. As the war ends, Albert' s officer announces the horses will be sold in France. An old Frenchman buys Joey. The man, Emilie' s grandfather, tells Albert how Emilie lost the will to live after the horses were taken. However, he eventually sells Joey to Albert for one penny, as long as Albert promises to share Emilie' s story so her life will not be in vain. Joey and Albert return home. What are the answers to this following set of questions: 1. What story did he write?
2. who wrote it?
3. who is the farmers child?
4. who is the animal sold to?
5. what is the animal's name?
6. where are all of them sent?
7. Who is Joey's friend?
8. how did he die?
9. were they captured?
10. by who?
11. Who was Joey's owner when captured?
12. Where did Joey wander to?
13. what did the Germans make them do?
14. where were the animals to be sold later?
15. Did Albert get him back?
16. for how much?
17. from?
18. Did they go back to where they came from?
19. why did Joey wander?
20. who took him to camp?
Answer: 1. War Horse
2. Michael Morpurgo
3. Albert
4. Captain Nicholls.
5. Joey
6. unknown
7. Topthorn
8. exhaustion
9. Yes
10. soldiers
11. Emilie and her grandfather
12. no-man's-land
13. pull carts full of wounded German soldiers
14. France
15. Yes
16. one penny
17. Emilie' s grandfather
18. Yes
19. unknown
20. An English soldier

input: Make use of the article to answer the questions. Buenos Aires ( or ; ) is the capital and most populous city of Argentina. The city is located on the western shore of the estuary of the Rio de la Plata, on the South American continent's southeastern coast. "Buenos aires" can be translated as "fair winds" or "good airs", but the first one was the meaning intended by the founders in the 16th century, by the use of the original name "Real de Nuestra Senora Santa Maria del Buen Ayre". The Greater Buenos Aires conurbation, which also includes several Buenos Aires Province districts, constitutes the fourth-most populous metropolitan area in the Americas, with a population of around 17 million.

The city of Buenos Aires is neither part of Buenos Aires Province nor the Province's capital; rather, it is an autonomous district. In 1880, after decades of political infighting, Buenos Aires was federalized and removed from Buenos Aires Province. The city limits were enlarged to include the towns of Belgrano and Flores; both are now neighborhoods of the city. The 1994 constitutional amendment granted the city autonomy, hence its formal name: Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires (Autonomous City of Buenos Aires). Its citizens first elected a chief of government (i.e. mayor) in 1996; previously, the mayor was directly appointed by the President of the Republic. 1. What city is an autonomous district?
2. Is it the province's capital?
3. What year was it federalized?
4. For what reason?
5. Did the political infighting involve tanks and bloodshed?
6. How long had the fighting gone on?
7. What province was the city removed from as a result?
8. Did its borders increase or decrease as a result?
9. What's one of the towns it now included?
10. And the other?
11. Are both still parts of the city?
12. What's the combined population?
13. Is it one of the more populated cities in its country?
14. What country is Buenos Aires in?
numbered_answers:
1. Buenos Aires
2. yes
3. 1880
4. was removed from Buenos Aires Province.
5. no
6. decades
7. \ Buenos Aires Province.
8. increased
9. Belgrano
10. Flores;
11. yes
12. around 17 million
13. yes
14. Argentina