[Q]: Process: - The coffee pot is filled with water - Water is poured into the well of the machine - A filter is placed in the basket - Ground coffee is measured into the filter - Turning on the machine starts the water heating - The hot water rises up - The water drops into the ground coffee - The hot water passes through the grounds - The coffee drips into the pot from the basket. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose enter a deep freeze happens, how will it affect LESS coffee being made. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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[A]: no

[Q]: Process: - A butterfly lays an egg - A larvae matures inside of the egg - The caterpillar hatches from the egg - The caterpillar eats and grows - The caterpillar spins a coccoon around itself and forms into a pupa - The butterfly forms inside of the coccoon - The mature butterfly emerges from the coccoon - The butterfly mates - The female butterfly lays eggs. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose there is an increase in pollution happens, how will it affect fewer caterpillars emerge. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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[A]: no

[Q]: Process: - Owls have specially adapted eyes that see better at night - Owls sit at high points in trees and look around - When an owl spots a rodent they track it - When the rodent is standing still the owl swoops down - The owl grabs the rodent with their tallons - The owl uses their beak to eat the rodent. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose rodents have less hiding places happens, how will it affect more owls see rodents. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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[A]: yes

[Q]: Process: - The human body takes a breath inward - Air is transported to the lungs - Air reaches the alveoli, the smallest air sacs in the lungs - In the alveoli, air passes into the blood within small capillaries - The gaseous oxygen in the air dissolves into the capillary blood - The dissolved oxygen is picked-up by red blood cells - The red blood cells bind the oxygen via a protein called heme - Red blood cells circulate throughout the body and reach the various tissues - Within small capillaries, the heme release the oxygen - The oxygen can then reach the cells within the tissue - Perturbation hypothesis: suppose the air ducts such as the nose and mouth are obstructed happens, how will it affect more oxygen is delivered to the cells. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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[A]:
yes