instruction:
Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
question:
In France, when physicians in ambulances take care of patients, they report medical status to the dispatch centre. Then the dispatching physician search for the available and appropriate hospital service to agree in directly receiving the patient. We attempted to evaluate this direct admission dispatch, in a urban area, with many health care facilities.', 'Prospective evaluation.', 'All the files for out of hospital interventions with a dispatch process were included. Data collected and analysed were: main pathologies, started time and end time of direct admission dispatch process and number of services called before finding the right place.', '959 patients files were included, 849 could be analysed. The average duration of direct admission dispatch process is 10 (+/-13) minutes. Traumatology speciality shows a longer dispatch process than medicine disease (p < 0.001), and this time increased during summer (p < 0.05). The other parameters did not influence this duration.
answer:
1

question:
We determined whether milrinone, a phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, attenuates serotonin-induced (5-hydroxytryptamine [5HT]) pulmonary hypertension (PH) and bronchoconstriction. Dogs were anesthetized with pentobarbital (30 mg/kg + 2 mg. kg(-1). h(-1)). Bronchoconstriction and PH were elicited by 5HT (10 microg/kg + 1.0 mg. kg(-1). h(-1)). Pulmonary vascular resistance was used to assess PH. Bronchoconstriction was also assessed by changes in bronchial cross-sectional area obtained from our bronchoscopic method. At 30 min after 5HT infusion started, seven dogs were given milrinone: 0 (saline), 5, 50, 500, and 5000 microg/kg at 10-min intervals. The other 12 dogs were given milrinone 5000 microg/kg 30 min after 5HT infusion, and 5 min later were given propranolol 0.2 mg/kg (n = 6) or saline (n = 6) IV. The 5HT significantly increased percentage of pulmonary vascular resistance to 208% +/- 27% and decreased percentage of bronchial cross-sectional area to 52% +/- 5% of the basal. Milrinone significantly attenuated both PH and bronchoconstriction in a dose-dependent manner. However, -log 50% effective concentration (mean ED(50) in microg/kg) of milrinone for bronchoconstriction: 4.32 +/- 0.13 (47.6) was significantly smaller than that for PH: 3.84 +/- 0.29 (144.9) (P < 0.01). In addition, the spasmolytic effects of milrinone (5000 microg/kg) were not antagonized by propranolol, although this dose significantly increased plasma catecholamines. In conclusion, milrinone attenuates 5HT-induced PH and bronchoconstriction; however, this drug may be more sensitive to phosphodiesterase III in the airway smooth muscle than in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle. In addition, the relaxant effects could not be caused by beta-adrenoceptor activation because beta-blocker did not antagonize.
answer:
0

question:
Regulation of anabolic and catabolic factors is considered essential in maintaining the homoeostasis of healthy articular cartilage. In this study we investigated the influence of RNA binding proteins (RNABPs) in this process.', "Using small interfering RNA (siRNA), RNABP expression was knocked down in SW1353 chondrosarcoma cells and human articular chondrocytes. Gene expression and messenger RNA (mRNA) decay of anabolic (SOX9, Aggrecan) and catabolic (matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)13) factors were analysed using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). RNA-electromobility shift assays (EMSAs) were used to investigate RNABP interactions with the SOX9 mRNA 3' untranslated region (UTR). Immunohistochemical localisation of MMP13 and the RNABP human antigen R (HuR) was performed in E13.5 and E16.5 mouse embryo sections.", "SOX9 mRNA, mRNA half-life and protein expression were increased with siRNA targeting the RNABP tristetraprolin (TTP) in both HACs and SW1353s. TTP knockdown also stimulated aggrecan mRNA expression but did not affect its stability. RNA-EMSAs demonstrated that adenine uracil (AU)-rich elements in the SOX9 mRNA 3'UTR interacted with chondrocyte proteins with three specific elements interacting with TTP. HuR knockdown significantly increased MMP13 expression and also regulated the expression of a number of known transcriptional repressors of MMP13. HuR was ubiquitously expressed within mouse embryos yet displayed regional down-regulation within developing skeletal structures.
answer:
1