Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

[EX Q]: Psoriasis is a common benign skin disease characterized by hyperproliferation and abnormal differentiation of keratinocytes. The transcription factor activator protein 1 (AP-1) is known to play an important role in cell proliferation and differentiation.', 'To investigate AP-1 DNA binding activity in psoriatic skin.', 'Keratome biopsies were taken from patients with plaque-type psoriasis. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays were used to determine the AP-1 DNA binding activity, whereas Western and Northern blotting was used to determine Jun and Fos protein and mRNA expression.', 'We found that AP-1 DNA binding activity was almost completely abolished in lesional psoriatic skin compared with nonlesional psoriatic skin. Furthermore, experiments revealed that the protein and mRNA expression of the AP-1 subunits c-Fos, Fra-1 and c-Jun was reduced in lesional psoriatic skin compared with nonlesional psoriatic skin, whereas the protein and mRNA expression of the subunit JunB was increased. Topical application of the vitamin D analogue calcipotriol under occlusion to involved psoriatic skin for 4 days resulted in an increase in AP-1 DNA binding activity, and an increase in the protein and mRNA expression of c-Fos, Fra-1 and c-Jun, together with a decrease in JunB protein and mRNA expression.
[EX A]: Is activator protein 1 DNA binding activity decreased in lesional psoriatic skin compared with nonlesional psoriatic skin?

[EX Q]: An intense systemic inflammatory response is observed following reperfusion after cardiac arrest. Heparin-binding protein (HBP) is a granule protein released by neutrophils that intervenes in endothelial permeability regulation. In the present study, we investigated plasma levels of HBP in a large population of patients resuscitated from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. We hypothesized that high circulating levels of HBP are associated with severity of post-cardiac arrest syndrome and poor outcome.', 'Plasma was obtained from 278 patients enrolled in a prospective multicenter observational study in 21 intensive care units (ICU) in Finland. HBP was assayed at ICU admission and 48h later. Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) was defined as the 24h Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score12. ICU death and 12-month Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) were evaluated. Multiple linear and logistic regression tests and receiver operating characteristic curves with area under the curve (AUC) were performed.', 'Eighty-two percent of patients (229 of 278) survived to ICU discharge and 48% (133 of 276) to 1year with a favorable neurological outcome (CPC 1 or 2). At ICU admission, median plasma levels of HBP were markedly elevated, 15.4 [9.6-31.3] ng/mL, and persisted high 48h later, 14.8 [9.8-31.1] ng/mL. Admission levels of HBP were higher in patients who had higher 24h SOFA and cardiovascular SOFA score (p<0.0001) and in those who developed MODS compared to those who did not (29.3 [13.7-60.1] ng/mL vs. 13.6 [9.1-26.2] ng/mL, p<0.0001; AUC=0.700.04, p=0.0001). Admission levels of HBP were also higher in patients who died in ICU (31.0 [17.7-78.2] ng/mL) compared to those who survived (13.5 [9.1-25.5] ng/mL, p<0.0001) and in those with an unfavorable 12-month neurological outcome compared to those with a favorable one (18.9 [11.3-44.3] ng/mL vs. 12.8 [8.6-30.4] ng/mL, p<0.0001). Admission levels of HBP predicted early ICU death with an AUC of 0.740.04 (p<0.0001) and were independently associated with ICU death (OR [95 %CI] 1.607 [1.076-2.399], p=0.020), but not with unfavorable 12-month neurological outcome (OR [95 %CI] 1.154 [0.834-1.596], p=0.387).
[EX A]: Is elevated plasma heparin-binding protein associated with early death after resuscitation from cardiac arrest?

[EX Q]: Identification of cancer or inflammatory bowel disease in the intestinal tract by PET/computed tomography (CT) imaging can be hampered by physiological uptake of F-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) in the normal colon. Previous work has localized this F-FDG uptake to the intestinal lumen, predominantly occupied by bacteria. We sought to determine whether pretreatment with an antibiotic could reduce F-FDG uptake in the healthy colon.', 'Thirty patients undergoing restaging PET/CT for nongastrointestinal lymphoma were randomly selected to receive rifaximin 550 mg twice daily for 2 days before their scan (post-rifaximin). Their PET/CT images were compared with those from their prior study (pre-rifaximin). Cecal maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) and overall colonic F-FDG uptake were compared between scans. All PET/CT images were blindly scored by a radiologist. The same comparison of sequential scans was also undertaken in 30 patients who did not receive antibiotics.', "Thirty post-rifaximin scans were compared with 30 pre-rifaximin scans in the same patients. SUVmax in the cecum was significantly lower in the patient's post-rifaximin scans than in their pre-rifaximin scans (P=0.002). The percentage of scans with greater than grade 1 colonic F-FDG uptake was significantly lower in the post-rifaximin scans than in the pre-rifaximin scans (P<0.05). In contrast, there was no significant difference in the paired sequential scans from control patients, nor a reduction in the percentage of scans with greater than grade 1 colonic F-FDG uptake.
[EX A]:
Does rifaximin suppress background intestinal 18F-FDG uptake on PET/CT scans?