Answer the following question given this paragraph: Conversion of Temperature Units We use the word temperature to refer to the hotness or coldness of a substance. One way we measure a change in temperature is to use the fact that most substances expand when their temperature increases and contract when their temperature decreases. The mercury or alcohol in a common glass thermometer changes its volume as the temperature changes. Because the volume of the liquid changes more than the volume of the glass, we can see the liquid expand when it gets warmer and contract when it gets cooler. To mark a scale on a thermometer, we need a set of reference values: Two of the most commonly used are the freezing and boiling temperatures of water at a specified atmospheric pressure. On the Celsius scale, 0 C is defined as the freezing temperature of water and 100 C as the boiling temperature of water. The space between the two temperatures is divided into 100 equal intervals, which we call degrees. On the Fahrenheit scale, the freezing point of water is defined as 32 F and the boiling temperature as 212 F. The space between these two points on a Fahrenheit thermometer is divided into 180 equal parts (degrees). Defining the Celsius and Fahrenheit temperature scales as described in the previous paragraph results in a slightly more complex relationship between temperature values on these two scales than for different units of measure for other properties. Most measurement units for a given property are directly proportional to one another (y = mx). Using familiar length units as one example: length in feet = 1 ft length in inches 12 in. Q: The mercury or alcohol in a common glass what changes its volume as the temperature changes? Choices: - calculator - compass - barometer - thermometer A:
thermometer
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The current produced by electromagnetic induction is greater when the magnet or coil moves faster, the coil has more turns, or the magnet is stronger. If the magnet or coil is moved back and forth repeatedly, alternating current is produced. Q: Alternative current is produced when a magnet or coil does what? Choices: - moves in circles at faster rates - moves at faster velocities - moves up and down repeatedly - moves back and forth repeatedly A:
moves back and forth repeatedly
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Stars are classified by color, which correlates with temperature. Red stars are the coolest and blue are the hottest. Q: Red stars are the coolest; which are the hottest? Choices: - giant - white - yellow - blue A:
A: blue
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: An element is a pure substance. It cannot be separated into any other substances. There are more than 90 different elements that occur in nature. Some are much more common than others. Hydrogen is the most common element in the universe. Oxygen is the most common element in Earth's crust. Figure below shows other examples of elements. Still others are described in the video below. Q: What element is the most common element in the universe? Choices: - carbon - helium - nitrogen - hydrogen A:
Answer: hydrogen
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: There are very few gas molecules in the mesosphere. This means that there is little matter to absorb the Sun's rays and heat the air. Most of the heat that enters the mesosphere comes from the stratosphere below. That's why the mesosphere is warmest at the bottom. Q: Most of the heat that enters the mesosphere comes from where? Choices: - Earth's surface - Exosphere - Troposphere - the stratosphere A:
**Answer**
the stratosphere
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Plant Responses to Gravity Whether or not they germinate in the light or in total darkness, shoots usually sprout up from the ground, and roots grow downward into the ground. A plant laid on its side in the dark will send shoots upward when given enough time. Gravitropism ensures that roots grow into the soil and that shoots grow toward sunlight. Growth of the shoot apical tip upward is called negative gravitropism, whereas growth of the roots downward is called positive gravitropism. Amyloplasts (also known as statoliths) are specialized plastids that contain starch granules and settle downward in response to gravity. Amyloplasts are found in shoots and in specialized cells of the root cap. When a plant is tilted, the statoliths drop to the new bottom cell wall. A few hours later, the shoot or root will show growth in the new vertical direction. The mechanism that mediates gravitropism is reasonably well understood. When amyloplasts settle to the bottom of the gravity-sensing cells in the root or shoot, they physically contact the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), causing the release of calcium ions from inside the ER. This calcium signaling in the cells causes polar transport of the plant hormone IAA to. Q: Gravitropism ensures that roots grow into the soil and that shoots grow toward what? Choices: - the north pole - trees - the south pole - sunlight A:
**Answer**
sunlight