Part 1. Definition
In this task, you're given a paragraph and title from the research paper. Your task is to classify whether the given title is suitable or not for the research paper based on the given paragraph. Return "True" if title is proper according to paragraph else "False".
Part 2. Example
Paragraph: The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic originating from China in 2002 was caused by a previously uncharacterized coronavirus that could be identified by specific RT-PCR amplification. Efforts to control future SARS outbreaks depend on the accurate and early identification of SARS-CoV infected patients. A real-time fluorogenic RT-PCR assay based on the 3 -noncoding region (3 -NCR) of SARS-CoV genome was developed as a quantitative SARS diagnostic tool. The ideal amplification efficiency of a sensitive SARS-CoV RT-PCR assay should yield an E value (PCR product concentration increase per amplification cycle) equal to 2.0. It was demonstrated that the 3 -NCR SARS-CoV based RT-PCR reactions could be formulated to reach excellent E values of 1.81, or 91% amplification efficacy. The SARS-CoV cDNA preparations derived from viral RNA extract and the cloned recombinant plasmid both exhibit the identical amplification characteristics, i.e. amplification efficacy using the same PCR formulation developed in this study. The viral genomic copy (or genomic equivalences, GE) per infectious unit (GE/pfu) of SARS-CoV used in this study was also established to be approximate 1200-1600:1. The assay's detection sensitivity could reach 0.005 pfu or 6-8 GE per assay. It was preliminarily demonstrated that the assay could efficiently detect SARS-CoV from clinical specimens of SARS probable and suspected patients identified in Taiwan. The 3 -NCR based SARS-CoV assay demonstrated 100% diagnostic specificity testing samples of patients with acute respiratory disease from a non-SARS epidemic region.
Title: Development and evaluation of an efficient 3 -noncoding region-based SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) RT-PCR assay for detection of SARS-CoV
Answer: True
Explanation: The answer is true because the title of the paragraph is correct where it described the development of 3 -noncoding region of SARS-CoV genome and assay efficiently detecting SARS-CoV from clinical specimens.
Part 3. Exercise
Paragraph: Clinical patient profiles with H5N1 or SARS infection. The two cases of H5N1 infection have been reported previously (Uiprasertkul et al., 2005) . Briefly, the first case was a previously healthy 6year old boy who developed fever and shortness of breath. Despite antibiotic treatment he deteriorated and Chest X-Ray showed right lower lobe opacification. Nasopharyngeal aspirate was positive for influenza A and PCR showed positive result for H5 and negative for H1 and H3. He was started on oseltamivir 2 days before death. The second case was a 33 year old man with previous good health who was admitted with a 4-day history of fever, malaise, sore throat and cough with blood-stained sputum. Chest X-Ray showed right lower-lobe consolidation. Despite treatment with oseltamivir 2 days after admission his condition deteriorated and he developed ARDS. PCR for H5 was positive on day 6 of illness -the day on which he died. The clinical profiles of the nine SARS patients used in our study have been previously reported (Nicholls et al., 2006) . Human lung obtained from a patient who died of extra-pulmonary disease served as a normal control and was kindly provided by Prof. D. Kerjaschki, Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, according to ethical guidelines. For mouse H5N1 infection experiment, female C57BL/6N mice (6-8 week of age) were used. Mice were anesthetized with isoflurane and infected intranasally with live H5N1 avian influenza virus (strain A/HK/483/97) at an equivalent TCID 50 dose of 10 2 and 10 1 . Mice were observed daily and euthanized for tissue sampling on day 4 after challenge. Lung tissues were collected and fixed in 10% formalin. The experiment was conducted in a biosafety level III laboratory. Lethal lung infections with Anthrax, Y. pestis, and monkey pox virus, as well as infections with Smallpox virus, Marburg virus, Western Equine Encephalitis virus (WEE), and Eastern Equine Encephalitis virus (EEE) and lung sampling were performed at the US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, according to institutional guidelines. The samples were obtained from USAMRIID's pathology archival collection.
Title: Supplemental Data Identification of Oxidative Stress and Toll-like Receptor 4 Signaling as a Key Pathway of Acute Lung Injury SUPPLEMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES
Answer:
False