In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.

Input: Consider Input: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Reservist Opportunities and
Protection of Education Act of 2003''.

SEC. 2. REFUNDS AND LEAVE OF ABSENCE FOR MILITARY SERVICE.

(a) Leave of Absence for Military Service.--Part G of title IV of
the Higher Education Act of 1965 is amended by inserting after section
484B (20 U.S.C. 1094) the following new section:

''SEC. 484C. REFUNDS AND LEAVE OF ABSENCE FOR MILITARY SERVICE.

''(a) Leave of Absence Required.--Whenever a student who is an
affected individual is unable to complete a period of instruction or to
receive academic credit because he or she was called up for active duty
or active service, the institution of higher education in which the
student is enrolled shall--
''(1) grant the student a military leave of absence from
the institution while such student is serving on active duty or
active service, and for one year after the conclusion of such
duty or service, in accordance with subsection (b); and
''(2) provide the student with a refund or credit in
accordance with subsection (c).
''(b) Consequences of Military Leave of Absence.--A student who is
an affected individual and who is on a military leave of absence from
an institution of higher education shall be entitled, upon release from
serving on active duty or active service, to be restored to the
educational status such student had attained prior to being ordered to
such duty without loss of academic credits earned, scholarships or
grants awarded by the institution, or, subject to subsection (c),
tuition and other fees paid prior to the commencement of the active
duty or active service.
''(c) Refunds.--An institution of higher education shall refund
tuition or fees paid prior to the commencement of the active duty or
active service of an affected individual. If a student taking a
military leave of absence for active duty or active service requests a
refund during a period of enrollment, the percentage of the tuition and
fees that shall be refunded shall be equal 100 percent minus the
percentage of the period of enrollment (for which the tuition and fees
were paid) that was completed (as determined in accordance with section
484B(d)) as of the day the student withdrew.
''(d) Leave of Absence Not Treated as Withdrawal.--Notwithstanding
the 180-day limitation in section 484B(a)(2), a student on a military
leave of absence under this section shall not be treated as having
withdrawn for purposes of section 484B unless the student fails to
return at the end of the military leave of absence (as determined under
subsection (a) of this section).
''(e) Definitions.--As used in this section:
''(1) Active duty.--The term 'active duty' has the meaning
given such term in section 101(d)(1) of title 10, United States
Code, except that such term does not include active duty for
training or attendance at a service school.
''(2) Affected individual.--The term 'affected individual'
means an individual who--
''(A) is serving on active duty during a war or
other military operation or national emergency; or
''(B) is performing qualifying National Guard duty
during a war or other military operation or national
emergency.
''(3) Military operation.--The term 'military operation'
means a contingency operation as such term is defined in
section 101(a)(13) of title 10, United States Code.
''(4) National emergency.--The term 'national emergency'
means a national emergency declared by the President of the
United States.
''(5) Serving on active duty.--The term 'serving on active
duty during a war or other military operation or national
emergency' means service by an individual who is--
''(A) a Reserve of an Armed Force ordered to active
duty under section 12301(a), 12301(g), 12302, 12304, or
12306 of title 10, United States Code, or any retired
member of an Armed Force ordered to active duty under
section 688 of such title, for service in connection
with a war or other military operation or national
emergency, regardless of the location at which such
active duty service is performed; and
''(B) any other member of an Armed Force on active
duty in connection with such war, operation, or
emergency or subsequent actions or conditions who has
been assigned to a duty station at a location other
than the location at which such member is normally
assigned.
''(6) Qualifying national guard duty.--The term 'qualifying
National Guard duty during a war or other military operation or
national emergency' means service as a member of the National
Guard on full-time National Guard duty (as defined in section
101(d)(5) of title 10, United States Code) under a call to
active service authorized by the President or the Secretary of
Defense for a period of more than 30 consecutive days under
section 502(f) of title 32, United States Code, in connection
with a war, another military operation, or a national emergency
declared by the President and supported by Federal funds.''.
(b) Obligation as Part of Program Participation Requirements.--
Section 487(a)(22) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C.
1094(a)(22)) is amended by inserting ''and with the policy on leave of
absence for military service established pursuant to section 484C''
after ''section 484B''.

Output: Amends the Higher Education Act of 1965 (HEA) to require institutions of higher education that participate in HEA title IV student assistance programs to grant military leaves of absence, and provide refunds of or credits for tuition and fees paid, to individuals who are unable to complete a period of instruction or receive academic credit because they were called to serve on active duty in the Armed Forces, or to perform qualifying National Guard duty, during a war or other military operation or national emergency.Requires the leave of absence to be for the period of active duty or service and for one year after completion of such duty or service. Requires the refund or credit to be prorated to cover the period when the student had to leave. Provides that such leave of absence shall not be treated as a withdrawal for certain student assistance purposes.

Input: Consider Input: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Cyber-Security Enhancement and
Consumer Data Protection Act of 2006''.

SEC. 2. PERSONAL ELECTRONIC RECORDS.

Section 1030(a)(2) of title 18, United States Code, is amended--
(1) by striking ''or'' at the end of subparagraph (B); and
(2) by adding at the end the following:
''(D) a means of identification (as defined in
section 1028(d)) from a protected computer; or
''(E) the capability to gain access to or remotely
control a protected computer.''.

SEC. 3. USE OF FULL INTERSTATE AND FOREIGN COMMERCE POWER FOR CRIMINAL
PENALTIES.

(a) Broadening of Scope.--Section 1030(e)(2)(B) of title 18, United
States Code, is amended by inserting ''or affecting'' after ''which is
used in''.
(b) Elimination of Requirement of an Interstate or Foreign
Communication for Certain Offenses Involving Protected Computers.--
Section 1030(a)(2)(C) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by
striking ''if the conduct involved an interstate or foreign
communication''.

SEC. 4. RICO PREDICATES.

Section 1961(1)(B) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by
inserting ''section 1030 (relating to fraud and related activity in
connection with computers),'' before ''section 1084''.

SEC. 5. CYBER-EXTORTION.

Section 1030(a)(7) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by
inserting '', or to access without authorization or exceed authorized
access to a protected computer'' after ''cause damage to a protected
computer''.

SEC. 6. CONSPIRACY TO COMMIT CYBER-CRIMES.

Section 1030(b) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by
inserting ''or conspires'' after ''attempts''.

SEC. 7. NOTICE TO LAW ENFORCEMENT.

(a) Criminal Penalty for Failure to Notify Law Enforcement.--
Chapter 47 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the
end the following:
''Sec. 1039. Concealment of security breaches involving personal
information
''(a) Offense.--Whoever owns or possesses data in electronic form
containing a means of identification (as defined in section 1028),
having knowledge of a major security breach of the system containing
such data maintained by such person, and knowingly fails to provide
notice of such breach to the United States Secret Service or Federal
Bureau of Investigation, with the intent to prevent, obstruct, or
impede a lawful investigation of such breach, shall be fined under this
title, imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both.
''(b) Definitions.--As used in this section--
''(1) Major security breach.--The term 'major security
breach' means any security breach--
''(A) whereby means of identification pertaining to
10,000 or more individuals is, or is reasonably
believed to have been acquired, and such acquisition
causes a significant risk of identity theft;
''(B) involving databases owned by the Federal
Government; or
''(C) involving primarily data in electronic form
containing means of identification of Federal
Government employees or contractors involved in
national security matters or law enforcement.
''(2) Significant risk of identity theft.--
''(A) In general.--The term 'significant risk of
identity theft' means such risk that a reasonable
person would conclude, after a reasonable opportunity
to investigate, that it is more probable than not that
identity theft has occurred or will occur as a result
of the breach.
''(B) Presumption.--If the data in electronic form
containing a means of identification involved in a
suspected breach has been encrypted, redacted, requires
technology to use or access the data that is not
commercially available, or has otherwise been rendered
unusable, then there shall be a presumption that the
breach has not caused a significant risk of identity
theft. Such presumption may be rebutted by facts
demonstrating that the encryption code has been or is
reasonably likely to be compromised, that the entity
that acquired the data is believed to possess the
technology to access it, or the owner or possessor of
the data is or reasonably should be aware of an unusual
pattern of misuse of the data that indicates fraud or
identity theft.''.
(b) Rulemaking.--Within 180 days after the date of enactment of
this Act, the Attorney General and Secretary of Homeland Security shall
jointly promulgate rules and regulations, after adequate notice and an
opportunity for comment, as are reasonably necessary, governing the
form, content, and timing of the notices required pursuant to section
1039 of title 18, United States Code. Such rules and regulations shall
not require the deployment or use of specific products or technologies,
including any specific computer hardware or software, to protect
against a security breach. Such rules and regulations shall require
that--
(1) such notice be provided to the United States Secret
Service or Federal Bureau of Investigation before any notice of
a breach is made to consumers under State or Federal law, and
within 14 days of discovery of the breach;
(2) if the United States Secret Service or Federal Bureau
of Investigation determines that any notice required to be made
to consumers under State or Federal law would impede or
compromise a criminal investigation or national security, the
United States Secret Service or Federal Bureau of Investigation
shall direct in writing within 7 days that such notice shall be
delayed for 30 days, or until the United States Secret Service
or Federal Bureau of Investigation determines that such notice
will not impede or compromise a criminal investigation or
national security;
(3) the United States Secret Service shall notify the
Federal Bureau of Investigation, if the United States Secret
Service determines that such breach may involve espionage,
foreign counterintelligence, information protected against
unauthorized disclosure for reasons of national defense or
foreign relations, or Restricted Data (as that term is defined
in section 11y of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C.
2014(y))), except for offenses affecting the duties of the
United States Secret Service under section 3056(a) of title 18,
United States Code; and
(4) the United States Secret Service or Federal Bureau of
Investigation notify the Attorney General in each State
affected by the breach, if the United States Secret Service or
Federal Bureau of Investigation declines to pursue a criminal
investigation, or as deemed necessary and appropriate.
(c) Immunity From Lawsuit.--No cause of action shall lie in any
court against any law enforcement entity or any person who notifies law
enforcement of a security breach pursuant to this section for any
penalty, prohibition, or damages relating to the delay of notification
for law enforcement purposes under this Act.
(d) Civil Penalty for Failure to Notify.--Whoever knowingly fails
to give a notice required under section 1039 of title 18, United States
Code, shall be subject to a civil penalty of not more than $50,000 for
each day of such failure, but not more than $1,000,000.
(e) Relation to State Laws.--
(1) In general.--The requirement to notify law enforcement
under this section shall supersede any other notice to law
enforcement required under State law.
(2) Exception for state consumer notice laws.--The notice
required to law enforcement under this section shall be in
addition to any notice to consumers required under State or
Federal law following the discovery of a security breach.
Nothing in this section annuls, alters, affects or exempts any
person from complying with the laws of any State with respect
to notice to consumers of a security breach, except as provided
by subsections (b) and (c).
(f) Duty of Federal Agencies and Departments.--An agency or
department of the Federal Government which would be required to give
notice of a major security breach under section 1039 of title 18,
United States Code, if that agency or department were a person, shall
notify the United States Secret Service or Federal Bureau of
Investigation of the breach in the same time and manner as a person
subject to that section. The rulemaking authority under subsection (b)
shall include the authority to make rules for notice under this
subsection of a major security breach.
(g) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections at the beginning of
chapter 47 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the
end the following new item:

''1039. Concealment of security breaches involving personal
information.''.

SEC. 8. PENALTIES FOR SECTION 1030 VIOLATIONS.

Subsection (c) of section 1030 of title 18, United States Code, is
amended to read as follows:
''(c)(1) The punishment for an offense under subsection (a) or (b)
is a fine under this title or imprisonment for not more than 30 years,
or both.
''(2) The court, in imposing sentence for an offense under
subsection (a) or (b), shall, in addition to any other sentence imposed
and irrespective of any provision of State law, order that the person
forfeit to the United States--
''(A) the person's interest in any personal property that
was used or intended to be used to commit or to facilitate the
commission of such violation; and
''(B) any property, real or personal, constituting or
derived from, any proceeds the person obtained, directly or
indirectly, as a result of such violation.''.

SEC. 9. DIRECTIVE TO SENTENCING COMMISSION.

(a) Directive.--Pursuant to its authority under section 994(p) of
title 28, United States Code, and in accordance with this section, the
United States Sentencing Commission shall forthwith review its
guidelines and policy statements applicable to persons convicted of
offenses under sections 1028, 1028A, 1030, 1030A, 2511 and 2701 of
title 18, United States Code and any other relevant provisions of law,
in order to reflect the intent of Congress that such penalties be
increased in comparison to those currently provided by such guidelines
and policy statements.
(b) Requirements.--In determining its guidelines and policy
statements on the appropriate sentence for the crimes enumerated in
paragraph (a), the Commission shall consider the extent to which the
guidelines and policy statements may or may not account for the
following factors in order to create an effective deterrent to computer
crime and the theft or misuse of personally identifiable data--
(1) the level of sophistication and planning involved in
such offense;
(2) whether such offense was committed for purpose of
commercial advantage or private financial benefit;
(3) the potential and actual loss resulting from the
offense;
(4) whether the defendant acted with intent to cause either
physical or property harm in committing the offense;
(5) the extent to which the offense violated the privacy
rights of individuals;
(6) the effect of the offense upon the operations of a
government agency of the United States, or of a State or local
government;
(7) whether the offense involved a computer used by the
government in furtherance of national defense, national
security or the administration of justice;
(8) whether the offense was intended to, or had the effect
of significantly interfering with or disrupting a critical
infrastructure;
(9) whether the offense was intended to, or had the effect
of creating a threat to public health or safety, injury to any
person, or death; and
(10) whether the defendant purposefully involved a juvenile
in the commission of the offense to avoid punishment.
(c) Additional Requirements.--In carrying out this section, the
Commission shall--
(1) assure reasonable consistency with other relevant
directives and with other sentencing guidelines;
(2) account for any additional aggravating or mitigating
circumstances that might justify exceptions to the generally
applicable sentencing ranges;
(3) make any conforming changes to the sentencing
guidelines; and
(4) assure that the guidelines adequately meet the purposes
of sentencing as set forth in section 3553(a)(2) of title 18,
United States Code.

SEC. 10. DAMAGE TO PROTECTED COMPUTERS.

(a) Section 1030(a)(5)(B) of title 18, United States Code, is
amended--
(1) by striking ''or'' at the end of clause (iv);
(2) by inserting ''or'' at the end of clause (v); and
(3) by adding at the end the following:
''(vi) damage affecting ten or more
protected computers during any 1-year
period.''.
(b) Section 1030(g) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by
striking ''or'' after ''(iv),'' and inserting '', or (vi)'' after
''(v)''.
(c) Section 2332b(g)(5)(B)(i) of title 18, United States Code, is
amended by striking ''(v) (relating to protection of computers)'' and
inserting ''(vi) (relating to the protection of computers)''.

SEC. 11. ADDITIONAL FUNDING FOR RESOURCES TO INVESTIGATE AND PROSECUTE
CRIMINAL ACTIVITY INVOLVING COMPUTERS.

(a) Additional Funding for Resources.--
(1) Authorization.--In addition to amounts otherwise
authorized for resources to investigate and prosecute criminal
activity involving computers, there are authorized to be
appropriated for each of the fiscal years 2007 through 2011--
(A) $10,000,000 to the Director of the United
States Secret Service;
(B) $10,000,000 to the Attorney General for the
Criminal Division of the Department of Justice; and
(C) $10,000,000 to the Director of the Federal
Bureau of Investigation.
(2) Availability.--Any amounts appropriated under paragraph
(1) shall remain available until expended.
(b) Use of Additional Funding.--Funds made available under
subsection (a) shall be used by the Director of the United States
Secret Service, the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation,
and the Attorney General, for the United States Secret Service, the
Federal Bureau of Investigation, and the criminal division of the
Department of Justice, respectively, to--
(1) hire and train law enforcement officers to--
(A) investigate crimes committed through the use of
computers and other information technology, including
through the use of the Internet; and
(B) assist in the prosecution of such crimes; and
(2) procure advanced tools of forensic science to
investigate, prosecute, and study such crimes.

Output: Cyber-Security Enhancement and Consumer Data Protection Act of 2006 - (Sec. 2) Amends the federal criminal code to prohibit obtaining without authorization: (1) a means of identification from a protected computer (a computer exclusively for the use of a financial institution or the federal government); or (2) the capability to gain access to or remotely control a protected computer.

(Sec. 3) Revises the definition of "protected computer" to include a computer the use of which affects interstate or foreign commerce or communication. Eliminates the criminal law requirement that conduct constituting computer fraud involve an interstate or foreign communication.

(Sec. 4) Includes computer fraud within the definition of racketeering for purposes of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO).

(Sec. 5) Includes threats to access a protected computer without authorization or to exceed such authorized access within the definition of computer-related extortion.

(Sec. 6) Expands the crime of computer fraud to include conspiracy to commit computer fraud.

(Sec. 7) Imposes a fine and/or prison term of up to five years for failure to notify the U.S. Secret Service or Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) of a major security breach in a database containing identification information with the intent to prevent, obstruct, or impede a lawful investigation of such breach. Defines "major security breach" as any security breach that involves: (1) the acquisition of the identification information of 10,000 or more individuals causing a significant risk of identity theft; (2) databases owned by the federal government; and (3) data containing identification information of federal employees or contractors involved in national security matters or law enforcement.

Directs the Attorney General and the Secretary of Homeland Security to jointly issue regulations on the form, content, and timing of notices of major security breaches. Requires that such regulations provide that notice of a security breach be provided to the Secret Service or FBI before notice is provided to consumers and within 14 days after discovery of such breach.

Grants immunity to law enforcement entities or to any person who notifies law enforcement of a security breach.

Imposes a civil penalty of $50,000 for each day any individual fails to provide notice of a major security breach (not to exceed $1 million).

(Sec. 8) Increases the prison term for computer fraud to a maximum of 30 years. Requires forfeiture of any personal property used to commit computer fraud.

(Sec. 9) Directs the U.S. Sentencing Commission to review and amend its guidelines and policy statements to reflect congressional intent to increase criminal penalties for computer fraud.

(Sec. 10) Imposes criminal penalties for damage affecting ten or more protected computers during any one-year period.

(Sec. 11) Authorizes additional funding in FY2007-FY2011 to the Director of the Secret Service, the Attorney General for the Criminal Division of the Department of Justice, and the Director of the FBI to investigate and prosecute crimes committed through the use of computers.

Input: Consider Input: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Protecting Tenants at Foreclosure
Act of 2009''.

SEC. 2. EFFECT OF FORECLOSURE ON EXISTING TENANCY.

(a) In General.--In the case of any foreclosure on any dwelling or
residential real property, any immediate successor in interest in such
property pursuant to the foreclosure shall assume such interest subject
to--
(1) the provision, by such successor in interest, of a
notice to vacate to any bona fide tenant at least 90 days
before the effective date of such notice; and
(2) the rights of any bona fide tenant, as of the date of
such notice of foreclosure--
(A) under any bona fide lease entered into before
the notice of foreclosure to occupy the premises until
the end of the remaining term of the lease, except that
a successor in interest may terminate a lease effective
on the date of sale of the unit to a purchaser who will
occupy the unit as a primary residence, subject to the
receipt by the tenant of the 90 day notice under
paragraph (1); or
(B) without a lease or with a lease terminable at
will under State law, subject to the receipt by the
tenant of the 90 day notice under subsection (1),
except that nothing under this section shall affect the
requirements for termination of any Federal- or State-
subsidized tenancy or of any State or local law that provides
longer time periods or other additional protections for
tenants.
(b) Bona Fide Lease or Tenancy.--For purposes of this section, a
lease or tenancy shall be considered bona fide only if--
(1) the mortgagor under the contract is not the tenant;
(2) the lease or tenancy was the result of an arms-length
transaction; and
(3) the lease or tenancy requires the receipt of rent that
is not substantially less than fair market rent for the
property.

SEC. 3. EFFECT OF FORECLOSURE ON SECTION 8 TENANCIES.

Paragraph (7) of section 8(o) of the United States Housing Act of
1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437f(o)(7)) is amended--
(1) in subparagraph (C), by inserting before the semicolon
at the end the following: '', and in the case of an owner who
is an immediate successor in interest pursuant to foreclosure--
''(i) during the initial term of the
tenant's lease having the property vacant prior
to sale shall not constitute good cause; and
''(ii) in subsequent lease terms, having
the property vacant prior to sale may
constitute good cause if the property is
unmarketable while occupied, or if such owner
will occupy the unit as a primary residence'';
(2) in subparagraph (E), by striking ''and'' at the end;
(3) by redesignating subparagraph (F) as subparagraph (G);
and
(4) by inserting after subparagraph (E) the following:
''(F) shall provide that in the case of any
foreclosure on any residential real property in which a
recipient of assistance under this subsection resides,
the immediate successor in interest in such property
pursuant to the foreclosure shall assume such interest
subject to the lease between the prior owner and the
tenant and to the housing assistance payments contract
between the prior owner and the public housing agency
for the occupied unit; if a public housing agency is
unable to make payments under the contract to the
immediate successor in interest after foreclosure, due
to action or inaction by the successor in interest,
including the rejection of payments or the failure of
the successor to maintain the unit in compliance with
paragraph (8) or an inability to identify the
successor, the agency may use funds that would have
been used to pay the rental amount on behalf of the
family--
''(i) to pay for utilities that are the
responsibility of the owner under the lease or
applicable law, after taking reasonable steps
to notify the owner that it intends to make
payments to a utility provider in lieu of
payments to the owner, except prior
notification shall not be required in any case
in which the unit will be or has been rendered
uninhabitable due to the termination or threat
of termination of service, in which case the
public housing agency shall notify the owner
within a reasonable time after making such
payment; or
''(ii) for the family's reasonable moving
costs, including security deposit costs;
except that this subparagraph and the provisions
related to foreclosure in subparagraph (C) shall not
affect any State or local law that provides longer time
periods or other additional protections for tenants.''.
Output: Protecting Tenants at Foreclosure Act of 2009 - States that any immediate successor in interest to residential property in foreclosure assumes such interest subject to: (1) giving an existing tenant at least 90-day notice to vacate; and (2) specified rights of such tenant to occupy the premises until the end of the lease.

Amends the United States Housing Act of 1937 to require a housing assistance payment contract to provide that in the case of an owner who is an immediate successor in interest pursuant to foreclosure: (1) during the initial term of the lease vacating the property prior to sale shall not constitute other good cause for termination of the lease; but (2) in subsequent lease terms vacating the property prior to sale may constitute good cause if the property is unmarketable while occupied, or if such owner will occupy the unit as a primary residence.

Authorizes: (1) a housing assistance payment contract entered into by the public housing agency and the owner of a dwelling unit to provide that the immediate successor in interest to property in foreclosure in which a housing assistance recipient resides assumes such interest subject to the lease between the prior owner and the tenant, and subject to the housing assistance payments contract between the prior owner and the public housing agency for the occupied unit; and (2) the public housing agency, where the successor owner cannot be identified, to use rental funds to pay for the property's utilities if owed by the owner or for reasonable moving costs, including security deposits.