INPUT ARTICLE: Article: These are nearly all scams or vehicles for adware. You can boost your computer's speed on your own without the help of these programs. The more programs you have running on your computer at once, the slower it will run. Your operating system will often load several programs in the background when it starts as well. In Windows, a lot of the programs running in the background will have icons in your System Tray. Right-click on these icons to close the programs. Make sure you save any work before closing a program. The only way to close these programs may be by forcing them to close. There are several ways that you can do this: Windows - Press Alt+F4 to force the active program to close. If Alt+F4 isn't working, press Ctrl+ Shift+Esc to open a list of all the running programs. Select the program you want to force to close and click End task. Mac - Press Cmd+ Opt+Esc to open a list of your open programs. Select the program you want to force-close and click Force Quit. You can also hold Cmd+ Opt+ Shift+Esc for three seconds to force-close the active program. Many programs will set themselves to start immediately when your operating system boots. When you try to launch too many programs, the startup process can take a long time. Removing programs that you don't use from your startup list will help speed up the time it takes your computer to boot. It will also reduce the general load as you use the computer. Click here for tips on disabling startup programs. In order for your operating system to run efficiently, you'll want at least 15-20% of your total storage space free. This allows the operating system to write temporary files that will allow it to run more smoothly. One of the quickest ways to free up space is to sort through your Downloads folder and delete anything that you don't need anymore. This could include old installers for programs, downloaded music and videos, and large documents. Deleting programs you don't use anymore can also free up a lot of space. This is especially true with some video games, which can take 30 GB or more of your hard disk space. For information on deleting programs in Windows, click here. For Mac, click here. The Disk Cleanup tool in Windows will scan for files that you no longer use. It can free up a large amount of space. Click here for details on running it. If the components in your computer are getting too hot, they may be slowing down to prevent damage. This can slow you computer down. Use a free tool like SpeedFan to ensure that your computer hardware temperatures are within an acceptable range. Click here for tips on monitoring your computer's temperature and lowering it if it is too high. A computer that was running fine and then suddenly becomes slow may be infected with a virus. This is a common symptom of a virus infection, but is not always the cause. Regular antivirus scans will help protect your system from viruses. Viruses not only affect your computer's performance, but also but your personal data at risk. Click here for tips on checking for and getting rid of a virus infection. If you are using Windows Vista or Windows 7, the Aero desktop effects may be slowing your computer down. Disabling these effects is highly recommended for older computers, and can result in a big performance boost. Click here for tips on disabling Aero in Windows Vista and Windows 7. Oftentimes the easiest way to speed up your computer is to wipe it clean and start from scratch. Reinstalling your OS usually won't take more than an hour or so. This will erase your entire hard drive, and will often make your computer operate as if it was brand new. See the following articles for details on reinstalling specific OSs: Windows 7 Windows 8 Windows Vista OS X Windows XP Ubuntu Linux

SUMMARY: Avoid downloading any programs that claim to speed up your computer. Close any programs that you aren't using. Force-close frozen or background programs. Reduce the number of programs that start with the computer. Free up some hard drive space. Monitor your computer's temperature. Run virus and malware scans. Turn off extra visual effects (Windows Vista and 7). Reinstall your operating system (OS).

INPUT ARTICLE: Article: The bladder is a bodily organ that is essentially a muscular storage sack for urine. Normally, the bladder muscle sack can stay relaxed and expand to accept urine for several hours. The muscle that forms the bladder sack is called the detrusor muscle, which is also responsible for bladder emptying. The other main muscles of the bladder are called the sphincters, which are two rings of muscle surrounding the bladder outlet through which it empties. One sphincter is involuntary (you aren't aware of it) and the other is usually under our control, making it our voluntary sphincter. The latter is the muscle you can use to hold the urine back until you go to the bathroom. There are nerves in your body that provides you with the sensation of bladder fullness. This is the early warning system that the bladder is ready to empty. When you urinate, the nerves to the detrusor muscle signal it to contract or squeeze, while at the same time, the nerves to the involuntary sphincter make it relax. When you release your voluntary sphincter, you allow yourself to urinate. By around age two, most children become aware that the sensation that they feel "down there" is the need for the bladder to empty. This allows them to express the need to go to the bathroom. About a year later, they develop the ability to "hold it" until they have a chance to go to the bathroom. There are issues that can cause problems when a child is learning how to "hold it". While most kids develop the ability to hold their urine and go to the bathroom when they have the opportunity to do so, problems can arise that can mess up a child's ability to control her bladder. These issues that are related to childhood incontinence can include: A bladder that is unable to store the usual amount of urine. Weakness of the detrusor muscles or sphincter. Structural abnormalities of the urinary tract. The body producing larger amounts of urine than is normal. Bladder irritation from infections, such as urinary tract infections, or other bladder irritants. The bladder receiving unexpected and premature nerve signals to empty. Something in the area of the bladder keeping it from filling completely, such as other excrement caused by constipation. Excessive postponement of urination, or holding it for too long. Chronic constipation. If your child has been dealing with incontinence for an extended period of time, chances are she is dealing with more of an issue that simply being too lazy to get to the bathroom. A lot of parents tend to think that daytime incontinence is a display of laziness, but it is important to keep in mind that something else might be causing your child to have accidents. Common thoughts that parents have that should probably be ruled out if your child has been dealing with incontinence for awhile. In these situations, you should know that: Children who wet themselves are not just too lazy to go to the bathroom. Children who wet themselves are not too busy playing or watching TV. Children who wet themselves want to go to the bathroom and do not willfully wet themselves. Children who wet themselves do not choose to wait until the last minute. Wetting themselves does bother them.

SUMMARY:
Know how the bladder works. Learn about bladder control. Be aware of the causes of incontinence. Disregard the myths about incontinence.