TASK DEFINITION: Given a passage and a query based on the passage, generate an unambiguous, concise and simple answer to the query from information in the passage. Note that the answer may not be present in exact form.
PROBLEM: Oxygen is crucial to sustaining life. Though it varies from person to person, on an average, 3 minutes is the maximum time where the person can stay alive without oxygen. Yoga and meditation experts may hold breath for longer than this, but these are very rare examples. In an absence of oxygen, brain cells begin to die and this effect is irreversible! The brain cannot go without oxygen for more than ten minutes. If oxygen is not able to get to the brain before this, then there is a possibility of irreversible brain damage. The brain cannot go without oxygen for more than ten minutes. If oxygen is not able to get to the brain before this, then there is a possibility of irreversible brain damage. How long can someone go without oxygen before there is brain damage ? If someone has been without oxygen for 15 minutes is there any hope that they can wake from a coma without any brain damage. If there is brain damage, is it always severe or does it depend on each patient ? Questions and Answers About Transplantation and Donation. Below are some frequently asked questions about brain death, how organ donation works, the need for donors, organ failure, and transplantation. 1. What do medical personnel do to save the life of a person with a head injury? 2. What kinds of injuries may lead to brain death? 3. How long can the brain go without oxygen before serious damage occurs? 4. What happens when your brain is injured? 5. What can be done if your brain is injured? 6. What is brain death? Doesn't the person's heart have to stop for them to be dead? 7. How can you tell if someone is brain dead? 8. What does a brain dead person look like? 9. If the person is brain dead how can the heart still be beating? 10. 3. How long can the brain go without oxygen before serious damage occurs? After five to ten minutes of not breathing, you are likely to develop serious and possibly irreversible brain damage. The one exception is when a younger person stops breathing and also becomes very cold at the same time. This can occur when a child is suddenly plunged into very cold water and drowns. In this situation, survival after more than 30 minutes has been known to occur. Return to the list of Frequently Asked Questions >> So expect a minute at most before permanent brain damage, and maybe 3 minutes at max before total death. And if you want to experience having overly oxygen-rich blood, take a few deep, meditative breaths. Humans are aerobic creatures, meaning we require oxygen to release energy and exist. Without oxygen, our cells wouldn't be able to release the energy in the food we eat, and we would die. We take in oxygen through respiration we move air in and out of the lungs, and blood takes oxygen to the cells of the body. Carbon dioxide, a waste product in our bodies, is moved out of the body by the same system. Breathing has always been synonymous with life. Our speech is permeated with idioms and phrases relying on the idea that taking a breath is the surest sign of vitality, and we constantly compare things we need to our body's ultimate necessity: oxygen. Under relatively normal circumstances, we start struggling after a few minutes without oxygen. Without being able to convert energy and use it up, cells start to die. This happens throughout the entire body, but it is the brain's lack of oxygen that is most urgent. "The brain is a highly metabolically active organ," Tishler said. "It needs oxygen to generate the energy to function. Without the energy (without oxygen) it dies." The brain normally takes up about 20 percent of the body's oxygen. If it doesn't get what it needs, cells begin dying off, putting a person at risk of permanent brain damage. If a person suffocates, or suffers another type of involuntary oxygen deprivation, they'll ultimately suffer brain death: the utter, irreversible loss of brain function. It's a pretty unavoidable succession of events. Between 30-180 seconds of oxygen deprivation, you may lose consciousness. At the one-minute mark, brain cells begin dying. At three minutes, neurons suffer more extensive damage, and lasting brain damage becomes more likely. At five minutes, death becomes imminent. At 10 minutes, even if the brain remains alive, a coma and lasting brain damage are almost inevitable. At 15 minutes, survival becomes nearly impossible. There are, of course, exceptions to every rule. Some training routines help the body make more efficient use of oxygen, enabling the brain to go longer periods without this vital element. Free divers routinely train to go long periods without oxygen, and the current record holder held his breath for 22 minutes without sustaining brain damage! Query: how long can a human go without oxygen prior to brain damage

SOLUTION: On an average, 3 minutes is the maximum time where the person can stay alive without oxygen.

PROBLEM: Full FMCSA Regulation 396.11 Compliance. The RAIR DVIR management and auditing service addresses requirements of FMCSA regulation 396.11: Driver vehicle inspection report(s). It helps ensure your full compliance with regard to required reports, report content, corrective action, and the retention period for reports. A medical certificate is issued by a medical professional stating that you are physically qualified to operate a commercial motor vehicle. The medical certificate is normally good for two years but may be issued for a shorter period of time if certain medical conditions exist. As of May 21, 2014, the medical examiner must be part of the National Registry of Certified Medical Examiners . The carrier needs to keep the DVIR's for 90 days. My guess is after the audit, they have someone telling them they need to do this. Did they get a fine because of it? Question 24: How would the DVIR requirements apply to a driver who works two or more shifts in a single calendar day? Guidance: Section 396.11(a) requires every driver to prepare a DVIR at the completion of each day's work on each vehicle operated. The original DVIR must be kept for three months from the date it was prepared. Drivers are no longer required to carry DVIRs in the vehicle. Back to Vehicle Inspections & Maintenance Main Page Shop Forms & Labels View Training Encompass Fleet Management System Order Manual Store These Documents Forever. 1 These documents should be stored forever: 2 Academic Records - Diplomas, transcripts and any portfolio work that may be used in the future when applying for a job. 3 Adoption Papers. 4 Baptismal Certificates. 5 Birth Certificates. 6 Death Certificates - May be needed for tax purposes. 7 Driver's Licenses. Only official editions of the Federal Register provide legal notice to the public and judicial notice to the courts under 44 U.S.C. 1503 & 1507. Learn more here. Public Inspection As a basis for its decision, the U.S. Department of Transportation noted that approximately 95% of all DVIR's completed list "No Defects" and that this change would save the industry an estimated $1.7 billion annually without compromising safety. o Standard DVIR Inspection book will be using is JJ Keller / Product Code: 015-B or 115-B, 2 part carbon or carbonless. Which can be obtained by going to EMAIL or the books are available through the Storeroom. o Completed DVIR Books (Yellow Copy) must be kept, until completed, in the vehicle or at the local district. Once the inspection book is completed and all the original (white / top Maintenance records for a company's vehicles must be kept for at least 12 months. If a company leases or sells a vehicle, those records must be kept for whichever occurs first: a) the remaining time left of the 12 months, or b) 6 months from when the vehicle leaves the company's control. Query: how long to keep dvir

SOLUTION: The original DVIR must be kept for three months from the date it was prepared.

PROBLEM: Under this demonstration, your ambulance company may send a request for prior authorization to Medicare before your fourth round trip in a 30-day period. They'll do this so you and the company will know earlier in the process if Medicare is likely to cover your services. Medicare may pay for emergency ambulance transportation in an airplane or helicopter if your health condition requires immediate and rapid ambulance transportation that ground transportation can't provide, and one of these applies: 1 Your pickup location can't be easily reached by ground transportation. How much does an ambulance ride cost? On average, an ambulance company will charge anywhere from $350 to as much as $2,000 for a trip without insurance. We explored multiple cities throughout the United States and included the prices we had found inside the table below. Even with health insurance, an ambulance ride may not be covered 100 percent. On average, an ambulance company will charge anywhere from $350 to as much as $2,000 for a trip without insurance. Even with health insurance, an ambulance ride may not be covered 100 percent. According to this LaTimes.com article, a patient was billed more than $1,538 for her ambulance ride. Ambulance services. How often is it covered? Medicare Part B (Medical Insurance) covers ambulance services to or from a hospital, critical access hospital (CAH), or skilled nursing facility (SNF). Medicare covers and helps pay for ambulance services only when other transportation could endanger your health, like if you have a health condition that requires this type of transportation. Medicare will only cover ambulance services to the nearest appropriate medical facility that's able to give you the care you need. EMS agencies typically replace their ambulances which already cost about $150,000 unequipped every five to seven years. Outfitting one can tack on $100,000 more, said Tom Izydore, director of Plum Emergency Medical Services, which is looking to buy an ambulance in the next 18 months. You may now be affected by a Medicare demonstration program if: 1 You get scheduled, non-emergency ambulance transportation for 3 or more round trips in a 10-day period or at least once a week for 3 weeks or more. 2 You get this transportation from an ambulance company based in one of these states: New Jersey. If the ambulance has to standby at the hospital and/or a location, it can cost up to $200 per hour. Tips to know: Why is an ambulance ride so expensive? Regardless of how many 911 calls are made in a day, an ambulance service still has to be available for 24 hours per day, staffing crew members and maintaining the vehicles available. The cost of an ambulance ride can depend on the company, the miles being driven, the reason you had to ride in one and if insurance is involved. A basic ambulance ride to a hospital, for example, can cost a lot less than a paramedic unit. To find out how much your specific test, item, or service will cost, talk to your doctor or other health care provider. 1 The specific amount you'll owe may depend on several things, like: 2 Other insurance you may have. 3 How much your doctor charges. 4 Whether your doctor accepts assignment. 5 The type of facility. Query: average ambulance cost

SOLUTION:
On average, an ambulance company will charge anywhere from $350 to as much as $2,000.