Given a passage and a query based on the passage, generate an unambiguous, concise and simple answer to the query from information in the passage. Note that the answer may not be present in exact form.

Ex Input:
Consists of a single layer of cells found on the upper surface of the leaf. It is covered by a thick waxy cuticle. The main function of the upper epidermis is water conservation. Although most of the cells of the lower epidermis resemble those of the upper epidermis, each stoma is flanked by two sausage-shaped cells called guard cells. These differ from the other cells of the lower epidermis not only in their shape but also in having chloroplasts. A cross section through the blade of a typical dicot leaf reveals 4 distinct tissue layers. 1 Upper epidermis.This is a single layer of cells containing few or no chloroplasts. The cells are quite transparent and permit most of the light that strikes them to pass through to the underlying cells. Upper epidermis.This is a single layer of cells containing few or no chloroplasts. 1 The cells are quite transparent and permit most of the light that strikes them to pass through to the underlying cells. The upper surface is covered with a waxy, waterproof cuticle, which serves to reduce water loss from the leaf. A cross section through the blade of a typical dicot leaf reveals 4 distinct tissue layers. 1 Upper epidermis.This is a single layer of cells containing few or no chloroplasts. 2 Palisade layer.This consists of one or more layers of cylindrical cells oriented with their long axis perpendicular to the plane of the leaf. What is the function of the epidermis and cuticle layers in a leaf? What is the function of the main vein of a leaf? What is the upper leaf epidermis in an image? The outermost part of the epidermis is composed of stratified layers of flattened cells, that overlies a basal layer (stratum basale) composed of columnar cells arranged perpendicularly. The rows of cells develop from the stem cells in the basal layer. ENaCs are found to be expressed in all layers of the epidermis. 1.The outermost layer of the leaf is the epidermis. It consists of the upper and lower epidermis, which are present on either side of the leaf. Botanists call the upper side the adaxial surface (or adaxis) and the lower side the abaxial surface (or abaxis). The epidermis aids in the regulation of gas exchange. The epidermis is NOT photosynthetic, with the exception of the two guard cells that surround each stoma. The upper epidermis typically has only about half the density of stomata that occur on the lower epidermis, so while transpiration does occur across the upper epidermis, not as much occurs as across the lower. The epidermis is the outer layer of the three layers that make up the skin, the inner layers being the dermis and hypodermis. The epidermis layer provides a barrier to infection from environmental pathogens and regulates the amount of water released from the body into the atmosphere through transepidermal water loss. The outermost part of the epidermis is composed of stratified layers of flattened cells, that overlies a basal layer composed of columnar cells arranged perpendicularly. The rows of Query: how does the epidermis function

Ex Output:
The upper epidermis typically has only about half the density of stomata that occur on the lower epidermis, so while transpiration does occur across the upper epidermis, not as much occurs as across the lower like this the epidermis function.

Ex Input:
An IRS tax lien, which may occur at the state, local or federal level, significantly impacts your credit score, affecting your ability to get loans, credit cards and even a cell phone. Unless you know about IRS Form 12277. January 30, 2014 9 min read by 36 Comments. A tax lien can be one of the worst items to appear on your credit report. It's considered very negative and can cause your credit scores to drop significantly. Even worse, under federal law, unpaid tax liens can remain on credit reports indefinitely, though in practice credit bureaus may remove them after a decade or so. (Once paid and released, a tax lien must be removed seven years from the date it was filed.) There is a way to make tax liens disappear from your credit reports completely, and quickly, though. Unfortunately, not all taxpayers who are dealing with this problem know about it. You can qualify to request your lien be withdrawn, if: 1 Your tax liability has been satisfied (you've paid what you owe) and your lien has been released; 2 You are in compliance for the past three years in filing your individual and business returns, and information returns (as applicable) and; If you have more than one tax lien on your report that is eligible for removal, you will need a Form 12277 for each lien you want withdrawn. Boxes 1 through 8 on the form ask for your name and basic identification information. Tax tips for your 2014 return 3:22 PM ET Fri, 17 April 2015 | 03:02. If you think IRS tax liens are required to stay on your credit report for seven years, even if you've paid your tax debt in full, then it's time we let the genie out of the bottle. A tax lienthe government's claim against all or some of your assets based on your failure to pay a tax debt on timeis one of the worst things that can appear on your credit report. It's a public record viewed by the credit bureaus, equal to a judgment or bankruptcy. Not long ago, I reviewed the credit report of a friend who had two tax liens on his credit reports. Though he had paid them off a couple years prior, he had no idea he could request they be removed from his reports. Thanks for your patience. 1 I went through the process and have a signed 10916 form (the lien was paid over 6 years ago). I have sent it to all 3 of the credit reporting agencies and Transunion responded as 'release of tax lien verified, no change'. 2 http://www.Credit.com/. Within 30 days you should receive updated credit reports from each of the three credit bureaus. 5. Check each report to ensure that the tax lien(s) were expunged. If any of the three bureaus did not remove the lien(s), you will need to contact the bureau and be tenacious until it is removed. Step 4: Dispute the lien with the Credit Reporting Agencies. When you dispute a tax lien with Equifax, Experian or TransUnion, they contact the courthouse where the lien was filed to determine if the information is still accurate. The rest of my credit is good and my bills, credit cards, auto loans are all paid on time each and every time every month, but with these 3 federal tax liens on my credit reports I can not get my credit score above 600 and any time I need or want any financing the bank wants 40-50% down before they will approve it. Query: how long does a federal tax lien stay on credit report

Ex Output:
Federal tax lien stay on credit report for decades or so.

Ex Input:
Year 3.5: Refinish Tub By Myself Even though patching is a viable option, I decide to refinish the entire tub. I use a do-it-yourself kit to refinish the bathtub by myself over a weekend. Before and after surface restoration by Miracle Method. Professional bathtub resurfacing, countertop resufacing and bathroom tile and tub refinishing by Miracle Method is a proven restoration process that can add fifteen to twenty years of life to a bathtub. Before and after surface restoration by Miracle Method. Thanks, Laurie! We used a special tile refinishing kit from Lowe's. {There's only one kind that they carry.} We found it in the tub and tile section. =) So I decided not to have them do my tub, even though it is a bit uneven looking after 50-100 years of use. They offer a bunch of colors, and one of them matched my tub and vanity pretty well (Miracle Method Kohler White), so it was an easy choice. Some niggles. While they did an excellent job masking everything, there were some cases of overspray. This paint? goo? gunk?whatever it is is very interesting. It is self-leveling, so if you put on thin coats as directed it self-levels as it dries. It's kind of like liquid rubber until it driesand then it is like tile! ha! A miracle method, for sure! {It's actually an epoxy.} Here's our ugly green tile before. My bathtub has been refinished before. This is not a problem. At least 20% of the bathtubs that I do are from other companies failed work or from companies that have gone out of business. Heiden Bathtub Refinishing will completely remove the old finish and start the refinishing process as if the tub had never been refinished before. What's New - The coating that scored the highest in overall performance November 2016. I have completed a 6 year evaluation of Zirlon Glaze and I feel that this coating has the potential for changing the tub and tile refinishing industry for several reasons. Reviews On Miracle Method Tub Refinishing Risk At 40 And Pregnant Miracle Method Reviews Reviews On Miracle Method Tub Refinishing Pregnancy After Miscarriage Risk At 40 And Pregnant By another trimester, the hormone changes will be stable along with the pregnant woman has adjusted herself just of the changes that her body heading to be through. ugly bathroom cultured marble sink shower bathtub mirrors- all of the cultured marble can be transformed to a beautiful stone look in 48 hrs by Miracle Method- and notice the stains on that tub- refinishing is the answer. It's like a miracle method.this wonderful tile refinishing kit that can be found HERE. It like magic! Since we purchased our cottagethe dark, forest green tile in the master bath has been the bane of the bathroom's existence! Plan A is to rip it out and put a claw foot tub in this neat little 'cubby' in the master bath. Query: how long to wait after tub refinishing miracle method

Ex Output:
A tub refinishing by Miracle Method is a proven restoration process that can add fifteen to twenty years of life to a bathtub.