Given an abstract of a paper, generate a title for this paper such that conveys the key focus of the paper.

Ex Input:
Abstract: The transsphenoidal route to the pituitary gland is well established in neurosurgical practice, and several approaches to the sphenoidal air sinus have been described. In this paper, the authors describe a technique that utilizes a direct route through the nasal cavity, thereby minimizing disruption of normal tissues.

Ex Output:
A direct transnasal approach to the sphenoid sinus. Technical note.

Ex Input:
Abstract: Thirty adult Wistar rats underwent an extradural clip compression injury of 50 g of force for 1 minute at T-1. After injury, the animals were randomly separated into three groups: the control group received a saline infusion for the 2-hour treatment period; the second group was given a blood transfusion over 2 hours titrated to maintain mean systemic arterial pressure (MSAP) at preinjury levels; and the third group received an intravenous bolus dose of naloxone (10 mg/kg), followed by a 2-hour infusion of intravenous naloxone (2 mg/kg/minute). The rats were observed postoperatively for 15 weeks, during which their clinical recovery was measured weekly by the inclined plane technique. At 15 weeks, the spinal cords were removed and prepared for histological assessment. The blood pressure before, during, and immediately after injury did not differ statistically among the three groups. During the initial 2 hours after injury, blood transfusion produced a significant increase in MSAP (P less than 0.02) and hematocrit (P less than 0.001), but naloxone infusion did not result in a significant change in MSAP. Performance on the inclined plane at 15 weeks was 35.6 +/- 6 degrees, 32.7 +/- 4 degrees, and 36.1 +/- 6 degrees for the control, transfusion, and naloxone groups, respectively, and no significant differences were found (P greater than 0.05). Histological examination confirmed a consistent injury of moderate severity in all three groups with no major differences among groups. Thus, this study demonstrates no significant clinical benefit either from a blood transfusion to maintain MSAP or from naloxone given by bolus and infusion after an extradural clip compression injury of the rat spinal cord.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Ex Output:
Failure of blood transfusion or naloxone to improve clinical recovery after experimental spinal cord injury.

Ex Input:
Abstract: The intraperitoneal fibrin formation and its inhibition by intraperitoneal heparin (5000 U) was investigated in six patients on CAPD. The intraperitoneal heparin concentration decreased linearily from 1.78 U/ml to 1.13 U/ml during a 4-hour dwell time. The antithrombin III-concentration increased to 0.56 +/- 0.1 mg/dl, reaching 1.87% of normal plasma values. The antithrombin III-portion of total protein was 0.62% in plasma and 0.79% in dialysate. The fibrinopeptide A-concentration, a specific product of thrombin action on fibrinogen was 37.1 +/- 11.8 ng/ml in plasma (normal range: less than 2.5 ng/ml) and 153.4 +/- 16.8 ng/ml in dialysate during regular CAPD. After the addition of 5000 U heparin the fibrinopeptide A-concentration in dialysate decreased to 11.6 +/- 2.6 ng/ml during a 4-hour dwell time. In vitro experiments showed no remarkable inhibition of fibrin formation by heparin without antithrombin III in dialysate. We suggest that the fibrinopeptide A is produced intraperitoneally and the antithrombin III-concentration in dialysate is sufficient to inhibit the fibrin formation after acceleration by heparin.

Ex Output:
Intraperitoneal fibrin-formation and its inhibition in CAPD.