Answer the following question given this paragraph: In sexual reproduction, two gametes unite to produce an offspring. Which two gametes is a matter of chance. The union of gametes occurs randomly. Q: In sexual reproduction, two of what unite to produce an offspring? A:

OPTIONS:
- DNA strands
- spores
- chromosomes
- gametes

Answer: gametes

Problem: OPTIONS:
- another electron
- atomic orbit
- a shell closer to the nucleus
- a shell farther from the nucleus
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Where does an electron move to after it absorbs energy? A:
Answer: a shell farther from the nucleus

Problem:OPTIONS:
- primordial structures
- residual structures
- symbiotic structures
- vestigial structures

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Some of the most interesting kinds of evidence for evolution are body parts that have lost their use through evolution ( Figure below ). For example, most birds need their wings to fly. But the wings of an ostrich have lost their original use. Structures that have lost their use through evolution are called vestigial structures . They provide evidence for evolution because they suggest that an organism changed from using the structure to not using the structure, or using it for a different purpose. Q: Structures that have lost their use through evolution are called _______ A:
****
A: vestigial structures

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: The same reaction regenerates pyruvate, which is transported to which cells? A:
OPTIONS:
- outermost
- skin
- symbionts
- mesophyll
mesophyll

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Layers of placental transfer cells help transport nutrients to the embryos as they develop into what? A:
OPTIONS:
- keratinocytes
- fibroblasts
- kinesins
- sporophytes

Answer: sporophytes

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Summary 16.1 Spontaneity Chemical and physical processes have a natural tendency to occur in one direction under certain conditions. A spontaneous process occurs without the need for a continual input of energy from some external source, while a nonspontaneous process requires such. Systems undergoing a spontaneous process may or may not experience a gain or loss of energy, but they will experience a change in the way matter and/or energy is distributed within the system. 16.2 Entropy Entropy (S) is a state function that can be related to the number of microstates for a system (the number of ways the system can be arranged) and to the ratio of reversible heat to kelvin temperature. It may be interpreted as a measure of the dispersal or distribution of matter and/or energy in a system, and it is often described as representing the "disorder" of the system. For a given substance, Ssolid < Sliquid < Sgas in a given physical state at a given temperature, entropy is typically greater for heavier atoms or more complex molecules. Entropy increases when a system is heated and when solutions form. Using these guidelines, the sign of entropy changes for some chemical reactions may be reliably predicted. 16.3 The Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics The second law of thermodynamics states that a spontaneous process increases the entropy of the universe, Suniv > 0. If Suniv < 0, the process is nonspontaneous, and if Suniv = 0, the system is at equilibrium. The third law of thermodynamics establishes the zero for entropy as that of a perfect, pure crystalline solid at 0 K. With only one possible microstate, the entropy is zero. We may compute the standard entropy change for a process by using standard entropy values for the reactants and products involved in the process. 16.4 Free Energy Gibbs free energy (G) is a state function defined with regard to system quantities only and may be used to predict the spontaneity of a process. A negative value for G indicates a spontaneous process; a positive G indicates a... Q: What kind of process occurs without the need for a continual input of energy from some external source? A:
OPTIONS:
- Decay Process
- Different Process
- induced process
- spontaneous process
output:
spontaneous process