Information: - Apparatchik is a Russian colloquial term for a full-time, professional functionary of the Communist Party or government "apparat" (apparatus) that held any position of bureaucratic or political responsibility, with the exception of the higher ranks of management called "Nomenklatura". James Billington describes one as "a man not of grand plans, but of a hundred carefully executed details." It is often considered a derogatory term, with negative connotations in terms of the quality, competence, and attitude of a person thus described. - The nomenklatura were a category of people within the Soviet Union and other Eastern Bloc countries who held various key administrative positions in the bureaucracy running all spheres of those countries' activity: government, industry, agriculture, education, etc., whose positions were granted only with approval by the communist party of each country or region. - Sergey Georgiyevich Lapin ( Russian : ) ( 15 July ( O.S. 2 July ) 1912 -- 4 October 1990 ) was a Soviet apparatchik , newspaper editor and diplomat . Lapin was born in Saint Petersburg . From 1930 to 1932 he studied at the Leningrad Historical Language Institute , and after graduating he went on to work in various positions , including deputy editor , of various Leningrad newspapers until 1940 . From 1940 to 1942 he was a student at the Higher Party School of the All - Union Communist Party ( bolsheviks ) . From 1945 to 1953 he was Deputy Chairman of the Committee for Broadcasting , when in 1953 he began a career in diplomacy as Counsellor at the Embassy of the Soviet Union in East Germany . In 1955 he returned to Moscow to work in the European Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs , whilst also holding the position of Secretary of the CPSU at the MFA . From 19 October 1956 until 16 June 1960 he was located in Vienna , as Ambassador of the Soviet Union to Austria , and then relocated back to Moscow as 1st Deputy Chairman of the USSR State Committee for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries , whilst also holding the position of Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic . In 1962 he was promoted as Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of the USSR , and held this position until 6 April 1965 . From 13 April 1965 until 12 April 1967 he was Ambassador of the Soviet Union to the People 's Republic of China . After the completion of his mission to Beijing , he returned once again to Moscow as Director - General of TASS , and held that position until 24 April 1970 . For a short period of time , until 12 July 1970 he was Chairman of the Committee for Broadcasting , when he was appointed as Chairman of the State Committee for Television and Radiobroadcasting , and held this position until his retirement on 16 December 1985 . Lapin 's time is known as a period of strikingly manifested antisemitism at the Central Television and Radio of the USSR . Many popular Soviet... - A communist party is a political party that advocates the application of the social and economic principles of communism through state policy. The name originates from the 1848 tract "Manifesto of the Communist Party" by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. According to Leninist theory, a Communist party is the vanguard party of the working class (proletariat), whether ruling or non-ruling, but when such a party is in power in a specific country, the party is said to be the highest authority of the dictatorship of the proletariat. Vladimir Lenin's theories on the role of a Communist party were developed as the early 20th-century Russian social democracy divided into Bolshevik (meaning ""of the majority"") and Menshevik (meaning "of the minority") factions. Lenin, leader of the Bolsheviks, argued that a revolutionary party should be a small vanguard party with a centralized political command and a strict cadre policy; the Menshevik faction, however, argued that the party should be a broad-based mass movement. The Bolshevik party, which eventually became the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, took power in Russia after the October Revolution in 1917. With the creation of the Communist International, the Leninist concept of party building was copied by emerging Communist parties worldwide. After reading the paragraphs above, choose the best answer for the entity that related to 'sergey lapin ' with the relationship of 'member of political party'. Choices: - communist party - communist party of the soviet union - union
communist party of the soviet union

Information: - In Zen Buddhism, zazen (literally "seated meditation"; ) is a meditative discipline that is typically the primary practice. The precise meaning and method of zazen varies from school to school, but in general it can be regarded as a means of insight into the nature of existence. In the Japanese Rinzai school, zazen is usually associated with the study of koans. The St School of Japan, on the other hand, only rarely incorporates koans into zazen, preferring an approach where the mind has no object at all, known as shikantaza. - A sesshin (, or also / literally "touching the heart-mind") is a period of intensive meditation (zazen) in a Zen monastery. - Shodo Harada ( Harada Shd , c. 1940 ) , or Harada Rshi , is a Rinzai priest , author , and head abbot of Sgen - ji -- a three - hundred - year - old temple in Okayama , Japan . He has become known as a '' teacher of teachers '' , with masters from various lineages coming to sit sesshin with him in Japan or during his trips to the United States and Europe . After reading the paragraphs above, choose the best answer for the entity that related to 'shodo harada' with the relationship of 'religion'. Choices: - rinzai school - zen
rinzai school