input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: How Sciences Interconnect DNA in Forensics and Paternity The genetic material for all living things is a polymer of four different molecules, which are themselves a combination of three subunits. The genetic information, the code for developing an organism, is contained in the specific sequence of the four molecules, similar to the way the letters of the alphabet can be sequenced to form words that convey information. The information in a DNA sequence is used to form two other types of polymers, one of which are proteins. The proteins interact to form a specific type of organism with individual characteristics. A genetic molecule is called DNA, which stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. The four molecules that make up DNA are called nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of a single- or double-ringed molecule containing nitrogen, carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen called a nitrogenous base. Each base is bonded to a five-carbon sugar called deoxyribose. The sugar is in turn bonded to a phosphate group (PO 4 3) When new DNA is made, a polymerization reaction occurs that binds the phosphate group of one nucleotide to the sugar group of a second nucleotide. The nitrogenous bases of each nucleotide stick out from this sugar-phosphate backbone. DNA is actually formed from two such polymers coiled around each other and held together by hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases. Thus, the two backbones are on the outside of the coiled pair of strands, and the bases are on the inside. The shape of the two strands wound around each other is called a double helix (see Figure 20.18). It probably makes sense that the sequence of nucleotides in the DNA of a cat differs from those of a dog. But it is also true that the sequences of the DNA in the cells of two individual pugs differ. Likewise, the sequences of DNA in you and a sibling differ (unless your sibling is an identical twin), as do those between you and an unrelated individual. However, the DNA sequences of two related individuals are more similar than the sequences of... Q: A genetic molecule is called dna, which stands for this? A:
OPTIONS:
- di-nitrous ammonia
- dark nitrogen amine
- dense ribonucleic acid
- deoxyribonucleic acid
output: deoxyribonucleic acid

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Name two candidates for the original sources of viral genomes. A:
OPTIONS:
- ediacara and transposons
- chloroplasts and transposons
- macrophages and transposons
- plasmids and transposons
output: plasmids and transposons

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Geologists look for oil in folded layers of rock called anticlines. Oil moves through permeable rock and is trapped by the impermeable cap rock. Q: What do you call the folded layers of rock where geologists look for oil? A:
OPTIONS:
- oscillations
- synclines
- crests
- anticlines
output: anticlines

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The Relationship between Lattice Energies and Physical Properties The magnitude of the forces that hold an ionic substance together has a dramatic effect on many of its properties. The melting point, for example, is the temperature at which the individual ions have enough kinetic energy to overcome the attractive forces that hold them in place. At the melting point, the ions can move freely, and the substance becomes a liquid. Thus melting points vary with lattice energies for ionic substances that have similar structures. The melting points of the sodium halides (Figure 8.3 "A Plot of Melting Point versus the Identity of the Halide for the Sodium Halides"), for example, decrease smoothly from NaF to NaI, following the same trend as seen for their lattice energies (Figure 8.2 "A Plot of Lattice Energy versus the Identity of the Halide for the Lithium, Sodium, and Potassium Halides"). Similarly, the melting point of MgO is 2825C, compared with 996C for NaF, reflecting the higher lattice energies associated with higher charges on the ions. In fact, because of its high melting point, MgO is used as an electrical insulator in heating elements for electric stoves. Figure 8.3 A Plot of Melting Point versus the Identity of the Halide for the Sodium Halides. Q: The temperature at which the individual ions have enough kinetic energy to overcome the attractive forces that hold them in place is called? A:
OPTIONS:
- occurring point
- boiling point
- last point
- melting point
output:
melting point