[Q]: Information: - Michel Foucault (born Paul-Michel Foucault, 15 October 1926 25 June 1984) was a French philosopher, historian of ideas, social theorist, philologist and literary critic. His theories addressed the relationship between power and knowledge, and how they are used as a form of social control through societal institutions. Though often cited as a post-structuralist and postmodernist, Foucault rejected these labels, preferring to present his thought as a critical history of modernity. His thought has been highly influential both for academic and for activist groups, especially those working within contemporary sociology, cultural studies, and critical theory. - Knowledge is a familiarity, awareness or understanding of someone or something, such as facts, information, descriptions, or skills, which is acquired through experience or education by perceiving, discovering, or learning. - For Michel Foucault ( 1926 - 84 ) , discontinuity and continuity reflect the flow of history and the fact that some '' things are no longer perceived , described , expressed , characterised , classified , and known in the same way '' from one era to the next . ( 1994 ) . - Sociology is the study of social behaviour or society, including its origins, development, organization, networks, and institutions. It is a social science that uses various methods of empirical investigation and critical analysis to develop a body of knowledge about social order, disorder, and change. Many sociologists aim to conduct research that may be applied directly to social policy and welfare, while others focus primarily on refining the theoretical understanding of social processes. Subject matter ranges from the micro-sociology level of individual agency and interaction to the macro level of systems and the social structure. - Social control is a concept within the disciplines of the social sciences. - Modernity is a term of art used in the humanities and social sciences to designate both a historical period (the modern era), as well as the ensemble of particular socio-cultural norms, attitudes and practices that arose in post-medieval Europe and have developed since, in various ways and at various times, around the world. While it includes a wide range of interrelated historical processes and cultural phenomena (from fashion to modern warfare), it can also refer to the subjective or existential experience of the conditions they produce, and their ongoing impact on human culture, institutions, and politics . Given the paragraphs above, decide what entity has the relation 'instance of' with 'concept'.
****
[A]: discontinuity

Problem: Information: - Ian McMahon Sinclair (born 10 June 1929) is a retired Australian politician. During his career he was leader of the National Party of Australia and later Speaker of the House of Representatives. - Sir Robert Gordon Menzies, (20 December 189415 May 1978), was the Prime Minister of Australia from 1939 to 1941 and again from 1949 to 1966. He is Australia's longest-serving prime minister, serving over 18 years in total. - John Winston Howard, (born 26 July 1939), was the 25th Prime Minister of Australia, serving from 11March 1996 to 3December 2007. Only Sir Robert Menzies has served in the position longer. - The Prime Minister of the Commonwealth of Australia is the head of government in Australia. The individual who holds the office is the most senior Minister of the Crown, the leader of the Cabinet and the chairperson of the National Security Committee. The office is not mentioned in the Constitution of Australia and exists only through an unwritten political convention and tradition. Despite this, in practice it is the most powerful parliamentary position in Australia. The individual who holds the office is commissioned by the Governor-General of Australia. - Robert James Lee "Bob" Hawke (born 9 December 1929) is an Australian politician who was the Prime Minister of Australia and the Leader of the Labor Party from 1983 to 1991. - Sir Ninian Martin Stephen (born 15 June 1923) is an Australian jurist, who served as a Justice in the High Court of Australia before being appointed the 20th Governor-General of Australia. - The Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia is the representative in Australia of the Australian monarch, currently Queen Elizabeth II. The governor-general is appointed by the Queen on the advice of the Prime Minister of Australia. The governor-general has formal presidency over the Federal Executive Council and is Commander-in-Chief of the Australian Defence Force, as well as viceregal representative in the Australian Capital Territory. The functions of the governor-general include appointing ministers, judges, and ambassadors; giving royal assent to legislation passed by Parliament; issuing writs for election; and bestowing Australian honours. - A double dissolution is a procedure permitted under the Australian Constitution to resolve deadlocks in the bicameral Parliament of Australia between the House of Representatives (lower house) and the Senate (upper house). A double dissolution is the only circumstance in which the entire Senate can be dissolved. - William Richard "Bill" Shorten (born 12 May 1967) is an Australian politician who is the current Leader of the Opposition in the Parliament of Australia, in his capacity as Leader of the Australian Labor Party, after being elected party leader at the 2013 Labor leadership ballot. Shorten led Labor at the 2016 federal election at which the Liberal/National Coalition retained majority government. - Federal elections were held in Australia on 11 July 1987 , following the granting of a double dissolution on 5 June by the Governor - General Sir Ninian Stephen . Consequently , all 148 seats in the House of Representatives as well as all 76 seats in the Senate were up for election . The incumbent Australian Labor Party , led by Prime Minister Bob Hawke defeated the opposition Liberal Party of Australia , led by John Howard and the National Party of Australia led by Ian Sinclair . - The Australian Labor Party (ALP, also Labor, was Labour before 1912) is a political party in Australia. The party has been in opposition at federal level since the 2013 election. Bill Shorten has been the party's federal parliamentary leader since 13 October 2013. The party is a federal party with branches in each state and territory. Labor is in government in the states of Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, and in the Australian Capital Territory and Northern Territory. The party competes against the Liberal/National Coalition for political office at the federal and state (and sometimes local) levels. - The Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia, variously referred to as the Australian Parliament, the Commonwealth Parliament or the Federal Parliament, is the legislative branch of the government of Australia. It consists of three elements: the Queen of Australia, the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Queen is represented by the Governor-General. The combination of two elected houses, in which the members of the Senate represent the six States and the two self-governing Territories while the members of the House represent electoral divisions according to population, is modelled on the United States Congress. Through both houses, however, there is a fused executive, drawn from the Westminster System. Given the paragraphs above, decide what entity has the relation 'office contested' with 'prime minister of australia'.

A:
australian federal election