INPUT ARTICLE: Article: Get a Styrofoam ball from a craft store. Cut it in half with an adult's help. Now you can see the inside of the Earth, so you can show its layers. Take the half of the ball you're not using. Cut out a section from the middle, in a semicircular shape. Glue this to the center of the half-Earth, so there's a bump coming out of it. This is the inner core, a solid ball formed from the pressure of the layers around it. Color this red with paint or markers. Draw a large circle around the inner core, on the flat half of the globe. This should take up about to the space on that surface. Color it orange and call it the outer core. Color the rest of the flat surface yellow, leaving only a tiny sliver of uncolored land at the edge. Label this the mantle. The mantle is actually made up the upper mantle (solid rock) and the lower mantle (liquid rock). Divide it into two different shades of orange if you like. The crust is the surface layer of the Earth, and it is very thin compared to the other layers. Color this brown or black. On your model, it will look like a thin line around the entire cut surface. Together, the upper mantle and the crust make up the lithosphere.

SUMMARY: Cut a Styrofoam ball in half. Glue a Styrofoam semicircle onto the ball. Draw the outer core. Draw the mantle. Label the crust.

INPUT ARTICLE: Article: This is a simple system in which each fixture has its own vent pipe. It is simple to plan and implement, because you won't have to worry about placing different fixtures close enough together or using pipes big enough for multiple fixtures. Each vent is a small, isolated pipe that you can work with separately. However, having a different vent pipe for each fixture will mean that you have a lot of vent pipes running up through your building and out your roof. This uses a lot of unnecessary piping, and you'll be doing more work than you need to. Depending on the fixture, the vent pipe can be fairly small but should be positioned within a couple feet of the fixture. Make sure to check your local building codes for specific regulations about sizes and distances for your vent pipe. A common layout is to have a drain pipe run horizontally away from a sink or other fixture for up to two feet. Then the drain pipe will join with a vertical pipe. Down from the joint, this vertical pipe acts as a drain for the fixture. Up from the joint, it vents the fixture. Usually, the vent pipe must extend six inches above the roof or 12 inches (30.5cm) away from vertical walls, but double check your building codes and requirements to make sure. Make sure every fixture has a vent pipe associated with it so that your whole plumbing system will run quickly, smoothly, and safely. Vent stacks can run parallel with waste pipes to ensure proper ventilation in tall buildings. Sub-vents may be branched together to exit 1 vent stack, allowing for only 1 hole in the roof for ventilation.

SUMMARY: Understand dry venting. Create a dry vent by attaching a ventilation pipe to a fixture's drain pipe. Extend the vent pipe outside the building according to building regulations. Repeat the ventilation process with any other fixtures you're installing. Vertical ventilation pipes called vent stacks provide air circulation to any part of the plumbing system.

INPUT ARTICLE: Article: The most appropriate method for valuing small businesses is the multiplier method. This method uses an income figure, such as gross sales, gross sales and inventory, or net profit, and multiplies it by an appropriate coefficient to arrive at a value for the business. This type of estimate is best used as a very rough, preliminary valuation method because it ignores many important factors in determining the actual value of a company. Generally, valuing a company using the multiplier method requires annual sales (or revenues). Having a sense of the company's total asset value (including the value of all its current inventory and other holdings) and profit margins can also help in value estimation. These values are typically available on a publicly-traded company's financial statements. However, for a private company, you will need permission to access this information. Sales or revenues, along with commissions and inventory expenses if there are any, are reported on a company's income statement. The coefficient used will vary based on the industry, the market conditions, and any special concerns within the business. This number is somewhat arbitrary in nature, but a good figure to use can be obtained from your trade association or from a business appraiser. A good example is BizStat's valuation "rules of thumb." The source of the coefficient will also specify the appropriate financial figures to use in your calculation. For example, total annual earnings (net income) is the common starting point. Once you find the financial figures needed and the appropriate coefficients, simply multiply the numbers to find a rough value for the company. Again, keep in mind that this is a very rough estimation of market value. For example, imagine that the appropriate multiplier for mid-sized accounting firms is estimated at 1.5 * annual revenues. If Anderson Enterprises' total revenues this year are $1,400,000, then the multiplier method yields a business value of (1.5 * 1,400,000) or $2,100,000.

SUMMARY: Determine if this is the right method to use. Find the necessary financial figures. Find the appropriate coefficient to use. Calculate the value using the coefficient.

INPUT ARTICLE: Article: You want to convince someone of the authenticity of the act you're about to perform. Plant the can ahead of time and wait for the right moment to reach for the soda. Approaching a friend with the soda can in hand is less impressive! Try remarking: "Man, you thirsty? I could use something to drink." Or say surprisingly: "I can't believe someone threw away a perfectly good soda!" With your thumb over the hole you used to drain the can, shake the soda up. The pressure buildup will restore the sides of the can as if they had never been crushed. It will appear as though the soda can is refilling with liquid. Make sure your finger is firmly over the pinhole you created. If you've ever dropped a soda or shotgunned a beer, you know that the carbonated beverage will find any way possible to relieve pressure. Sell this as an act of "restoring" the can to its original state. Give it a little "magic" hand wave as you rub the ink away. Make sure your audience can see the can's tab prior to and after the removal of the ink so they can witness your magic. This part isn't strictly necessary, as you could simply open an already "opened" soda can. However, it will save you from getting a mouthful of ink. Give the soda a nice long swig. You can also pour it into a cup to better show off the fact that you "magically" refilled the can with liquid. Make sure to pour out all of the soda so that you can remove your finger from the drainage hole. Depending on how much soda was drained from the can, you might have to deal with a little soda spillage due to the overflowing carbonation.

SUMMARY:
Wait for the right time to grab the soda. Give the soda a shake. Wipe off the dry erase marker. Open the can of soda.