TASK DEFINITION: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
PROBLEM: A paper by Whlean et al. found that it can be used more effectively than the Lopatin method with fast-reacting kerogens in defining the oil or gas production windows in sediments. A similar equation that produces the same output can generate concave, convex, or linear like this equation, but has the advantage of being able to be applied to all mixed phase reactions and is known as the Eyring equation. One component in it is related to the frequency of molecular collisions. It can be modified in the case where the pre-exponential factor is proportional to T raised to a constant, an equation also modified by B, a temperature independent constant. Originally discovered experimentally by J. J. Hood, FTP, identify this equation that relates how temperature affects the velocity of a chemical reaction, named for its Swedish formulator.

SOLUTION: Science

PROBLEM: This man's namesake elasticity describes surface tension resistance when a surface is stretched, and can be applied to surface-tension-related mass transfer in an effect named for this man and Marangoni. For a mixture at constant temperature and pressure, the change in the chemical potential of the system can be obtained using an equation named for this man and Duhem. Another equation named for this man is used to calculate the degrees of freedom of a system depending in part on its number of components. For 10 points, name this man with a namesake phase rule and a thermodynamic quantity useful in predicting the spontaneity of a chemical reaction, his free energy.

SOLUTION: Science

PROBLEM: One man who was killed under this policy had his writings collected by Aelred Stubbs as I Write What I Like and was the subject of a book by Daily Dispatch editor Donald Woods. Ben Du Toit comes to oppose this policy after the janitor Gordon and his wife Emily are killed in the novel A Dry White Season. A policeman violates the Immorality Law, part of this policy, by dating Stephanie in a novel named for a bird found in a guidebook given to (*) Pieter van Vlaanderen by his father. This policy, which provides the backdrop of Too Late the Phalarope, is violently overthrown in a novel in which the Smales family flees to their servant July's village. For 10 points, Andre Brink, Nadine Gordimer, and Alan Paton wrote about what former system of government-imposed segregation in South Africa

SOLUTION:
Literature