In this task, you will be shown a prompt from a judicial decision and multiple holding statements derived from citations following text in a legal decision. Holdings represent the governing legal rule when the law is applied to a particular set of facts. There are five answer choices for each citing text. The correct answer is the holding statement that corresponds to the citing text. You should write an incorrect option. Even though there exist multiple wrong answers, we only need a single wrong answer. There is a <HOLDING> token in the position of the citing text prompt where the holding statement was extracted.
Q: still stands at the threshold of the qualified immunity analysis. See, e.g., Turner v. Scott, 119 F.3d 425, 428 (6th Cir.1997) ("The question whether the uncontested facts demonstrated a constitutional violation is a pure question of law and one from which an immediate appeal can be taken where qualified immunity has been denied."); Sanderfer v. Nichols, 62 F.3d 151, 153 n. 2 (6th Cir.1995) ("the plaintiffs version of events, regardless of the sufficiency of the supporting evidence, does not state a claim"). Finally, it is clear that before addressing the substance of a claim of qualified immunity, the court must first determine whether the plaintiff has stated a claim of a constitutional violation at all. See Wilson v. Layne, 526 U.S. 603, 609, 119 S.Ct. 1692, 143 L.Ed.2d 818 (1999) (<HOLDING>). The district court's failure to rule on the
Holding statements: (A) holding that defendant is entitled to qualified immunity because plaintiff failed to allege the violation of a clearly established constitutional right (B) holding that second element of qualified immunity test is whether the law violated was clearly established (C) holding that in determining whether a state officer is entitled to qualified immunity for 1983 purposes courts may not consider whether the constitutional right was clearly established before determining first that a constitutional right was violated (D) holding that the court evaluating a claim of qualified immunity must first determine whether the plaintiff states a claim of a constitutional violation at all and then must determine whether the claimed right was clearly established before proceeding to the qualified immunity question (E) holding that plaintiffs complaint stated a claim for a constitutional deprivation but that the contours of the right at issue were not clearly established and that official was therefore entitled to qualified immunity
A:
holding that defendant is entitled to qualified immunity because plaintiff failed to allege the violation of a clearly established constitutional right