Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

[Q]: Context: Previous studies have suggested that post-irradiation GH insufficiency results from a loss of GHRH secretion, since many patients were able to release GH following exogenous GHRH stimulation. However, supramaximal doses of GHRH were used and the response may decline with time after radiotherapy. We re-evaluated the GHRH dose-response curve in patients post cranial irradiation and in controls.', 'Randomized controlled study.', 'Five adult male long-term survivors of childhood brain tumours (median age 21.8 years (18.4-26.7); 13.7 years (11.4-15.7) post-radiotherapy, >30Gy) and five matched controls were studied. An intravenous bolus of GHRH(1-29)NH(2) was administered in doses at the lower (0.05 microg/kg) and upper (0.15 microg/kg) range of the dose-response curves for young males, as well as the standard supramaximal dose (1. 0 microg/kg). GH was measured before stimulation, every 2min for the first hour and every 5min for the second hour. All studies were conducted in a random fashion.', 'Significantly lower peak and area under the curve (AUC) GH concentrations occurred in the irradiated group using 0.15 microg/kg (median peak Irradiated, 4. 5mU/l vs median Controls, 37.4mU/l; P<0.01) and 1.0 microg/kg (median peak Irradiated, 4.8mU/l vs median Controls, 15.2mU/l; P<0. 05) GHRH(1-29)NH(2). In irradiated subjects there was an incremental rise in GH output with increasing doses of GHRH(1-29)NH(2 )(median AUC: 122mU/l.min vs 179mU/l.min vs 268mU/l.min; P=0.007) reflecting altered pituitary sensitivity and reduced responsiveness.
Answer: The GH response to bolus GHRH(1-29)NH(2) is attenuated in adult long-term survivors of childhood brain tumours. This may reflect direct pituitary damage and/or the loss of the tropic effects of chronic GHRH deficiency.
[A]: Is the GH response to low-dose bolus growth hormone-releasing hormone ( GHRH ( 1-29 ) NH2 ) attenuated in patients with longstanding post-irradiation GH insufficiency?

[Q]: Context: To investigate the expression and clinical significance of programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4), a novel metabolism-associated gene, during polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) pathogenesis.', 'Case-control study.', 'University hospital.', 'A total of 77 PCOS patients and 67 healthy women as matched controls.', 'PDCD4 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and apoptosis of granulosa cells (GCs) detected by flow cytometry, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), and small-interfering RNA.', 'PDCD4 expression, body mass index (BMI), insulin 0, insulin 120, glucose 120, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), homeostasis model assessment for -cell function (HOMA-), triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and GC apoptosis.', 'The PCOS patients had higher PDCD4 expression, but BMI was similar as matched with the obese group, which positively correlated with BMI, insulin 0, insulin 120, glucose 120, HOMA-IR, HOMA-, triglycerides and negatively correlated with HDL (P<.05). After metformin treatment, PDCD4 expression was distinctly down-regulated for the obese women with PCOS with insulin resistance. Compared with the healthy controls, the apoptosis percentage of GCs was higher in the PCOS group and was decreased by knocking down PDCD4. Furthermore, expression of proapotosis factor Bax and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were lower, whereas the expression of antiapoptosis factor Bcl-2 was increased. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, the level of PDCD4 expression independently related to the odds of PCOS risk after controlling for estradiol and insulin 120 (odds ratio 1.318).
Answer: Our study suggests for the first time that higher PDCD4 expression might play an important role in PCOS pathogenesis by affecting obesity, insulin resistance, lipid metabolism disorders, and GC apoptosis.
[A]: Is higher PDCD4 expression associated with obesity , insulin resistance , lipid metabolism disorders , and granulosa cell apoptosis in polycystic ovary syndrome?

[Q]: Context: B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal-pro-BNP (NT-pro-BNP) are important diagnostic tools for patients with suspected cardiac disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of plasma NT-pro-BNP in identifying cardiac metastases in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and dyspnoea.', 'A total of 120 patients, median age 62 years (range 46-83), with NSCLC and dyspnoea were studied. Patients with heart failure or documented coronary artery disease were excluded. Echocardiographic imaging was used to detect cardiac metastases and estimate global left ventricular function. Ejection fraction and E/A ratio from transmitral inflow pattern were calculated. Plasma NT-pro-BNP was also measured. 72 patients (72/120, 60%) with cardiac metastases were identified.', 'NT-pro-BNP was significantly higher in patients with metastases (1347.5 +/- 1004.30 pg/ml vs. 159.02 +/- 93.29 pg/ml; p = 0.001). No differences between groups, regarding s-creatinine (p = 0.45), haemoglobin (p = 0.71), left ventricular hypertrophy (p = 0.91), and diastolic dysfunction (p = 0.79), were observed.
Answer: Plasma NT-pro-BNP is remarkably elevated in patients with NSCLC and myocardial/pericardial infiltrations and may be used as a sensitive marker for detecting cardiac metastases in these patients.
[A]:
Is pro-brain natriuretic peptide a sensitive marker for detecting cardiac metastases in patients with non-small cell lung cancer?