Dan Bebber is a senior research fellow at the University of Exeter in Britain. He says research has shown that wild plants and animals are moving toward Earth's North and South poles as the planet warms.

Mr Bebber wanted to know if the same thing was happening with organisms that attack agricultural crops. He examined reports of first sightings of new insects and diseases around the world. The records came from CABI - the Centre for Agricultural Bioscience International. He says the group began collecting information from developing and industrialized countries years ago.

Dan Bebber and his research team studied 612 different organisms - from viruses and bacteria to insects like beetles and butterflies. They found that since 1960, crop pests and diseases have been moving toward the poles at an average rate of about 3 kilometers each year. Mr Bebber says this puts the most productive farmland in the world in danger.

"As new species of pests and diseases evolve and potentially the environment for them becomes more _ at higher latitudes, the pressure on the breadbaskets of the world is going to increase."

Farmers face other threats. Invasive species passed through trade are also causing problems. Gene Kritsky is an Entomologist at the College of Mount St. Joseph in Ohio. He specialises in the study of insects. He says climate change may improve conditions for some invasive species.

"It means that species in other parts of the world that might do well in warmer temperatures can now do well in the breadbasket of America."

Another Entomologist Christian Krupke of Purdue University says the effects of these changes will depend very much on the crop, the insect and the disease. But he says the research is a warning sign that people should care about climate change and do something about it. What are the answers to this following set of questions: 1. Who is Dan Bebber?
2. Who does he research for?
3. What is he researching?
4. And?
5. How many organisms did he study?
6. How far have they been moving?
7. What other challenges are farmers facing?
8. Why are they invading?
9. Who are the two entomologists mentioned?
10. How does Christian feel about the research?
Answer: 1. a senior researcher
2. University of Exeter
3. to see if wild plants and animals are moving toward Earth's North and South poles as the planet warms.
4. he found they were
5. 612
6. 3 km per year
7. Invasive species
8. they do well in those temperatures
9. Gene Kritsky and Christian Krupke
10. he feels like it's a warning sign

Problem: CHAPTER VII. Anne Says Her Prayers

When Marilla took Anne up to bed that night she said stiffly:

"Now, Anne, I noticed last night that you threw your clothes all about the floor when you took them off. That is a very untidy habit, and I can't allow it at all. As soon as you take off any article of clothing fold it neatly and place it on the chair. I haven't any use at all for little girls who aren't neat."

"I was so harrowed up in my mind last night that I didn't think about my clothes at all," said Anne. "I'll fold them nicely tonight. They always made us do that at the asylum. Half the time, though, I'd forget, I'd be in such a hurry to get into bed nice and quiet and imagine things."

"You'll have to remember a little better if you stay here," admonished Marilla. "There, that looks something like. Say your prayers now and get into bed."

"I never say any prayers," announced Anne.

Marilla looked horrified astonishment.

"Why, Anne, what do you mean? Were you never taught to say your prayers? God always wants little girls to say their prayers. Don't you know who God is, Anne?"

"'God is a spirit, infinite, eternal and unchangeable, in His being, wisdom, power, holiness, justice, goodness, and truth,'" responded Anne promptly and glibly.

Marilla looked rather relieved.

"So you do know something then, thank goodness! You're not quite a heathen. Where did you learn that?"
1. Who never prays?
2. Who did she tell that?
3. How did she respond?
4. Who does Anne think God is?
5. Does she think he is a ghostlike being?
6. Is he changeable?
7. How long does he last?
8. How did Marilla look after this explanation?
9. Where did Marilla take Anne that night?
10. How did she talk to Anne?
11. What did Anne do that made her talk that way?
12. When?
13. Will Marilla allow this?
14. What kind of habit does she think this is?
15. What does she want her to do with her clothing?
16. Fold it sloppily?
17. How?
18. Had Anne given a thought to her clothes the night before?
19. Where had she folded her clothes before?
20. Did she ever forget to do it?
Answer: 1. Anne
2. Marilla
3. she asked what she meant
4. a spirit
5. yes
6. no
7. eternally
8. relieved
9. to bed
10. stiffly
11. threw her clothes on the floor
12. last night
13. no
14. an untidy one
15. fold it and place it the chair
16. no
17. neatly
18. no
19. at the asylum
20. yes

question: One of the traditions which is now a necessary part of Christmas is a that of Father Christmas, or Santa Claus. According to the modern legend, he is a magical figure who visits all the children of the world during the night before Christmas Day, leaving presents which they find the next morning. He flies through the night sky in a sledge pulled by reindeer, and enters houses by climbing down chimneys. This strange legend is based on the life of a man called Nicholas, but in fact we know very little about him. Historians think he was a Christian bishop in Turkey in about 285--350 A.D. One of the stories about him is that he helped three poor girls. No one would marry them because they were so poor. To provide them with money for their weddings, Nicholas secretly dropped some gold coins down the chimney of their house. After Nicholas died, he was made a saint by the church.(The name Santa Claus thus comes from St Nicholas.) His feast day was celebrated in December, and parents started giving their children secret presents from St Nicholas. Over the years, this custom became part of our Christmas traditions.

Recently, a psychologist has claimed that Father Christmas is "the perfect fantasy" for children. According to Professor Anthony Clare, children love the character of Father Christmas because he is like an ideal father: he loves children and gives them presents, but he never criticizes them, is never angry, and children do not even need to thank him for the presents. Other writers, however, point out that Father Christmas can be a frightening character to some children. Jane Bidder says that some children are terrified of this fat, bearded old man. It can certainly confuse many children. As parents, we warn our children to be careful of strangers and never to let them into the house, and yet we tell children that a strange man will come into their bedroom at night! Some children can become very worried about this idea and fear that he is a kind of burglar.

Most children, however, understand from their parents and from the media that Father Christmas is basically a _ character, and look forward to his annual visit with joy and excitement.
1. How did the legend of Santa Claus start?
2. What was his name?
3. How does he get into people's houses?
4. When did Nicholas live?
5. Why did he want to help the poor girls?
6. What is the theory of why children like Santa Claus so much?
7. What makes him so ideal?
8. Do all children feel that way about him?
9. Why not?
10. Why would they be frightened?
11. What did Nicholas drop down the chimneys?
12. Did he tell anyone that he was doing this?
****
answer:
1. a Christian bishop in Turkey
2. Nicholas
3. down the chimney
4. 285--350 A.D.
5. to provide them with money so they could get married
6. he is like an ideal father
7. he loves children and gives them presents, but he never criticizes them and is never angry
8. no
9. he can be frightening to some children
10. they may think he is a burglar
11. gold coins
12. no