Problem: (1) Both Phasael and Herod began their careers under their father , Antipater , who was appointed procurator of Judea for the Roman Republic by Julius Caesar .
(2) Both Phasael and Herod started their careers under their father Antipater , who was appointed Judea Procurator for the Roman Republic by Julius Caesar .

Do (1) and (2) mean the same thing?
A: yes

Problem: (1) Over the years , ACT-R models have been cited in more than 700 different scientific publications , and have been used in many more .
(2) Over the years , ACT-R models have been quoted in more than 700 different scientific publications and have been used in many others .

Do (1) and (2) mean the same thing?
A: yes

Problem: (1) The Club The Model United Nations participates in academic discussions and intellectual forums throughout Boston and has won several chapters - awards .
(2) The Club The Model United Nations participates in intellectual discussions and academic forums throughout Boston and has won several chapter prizes .

Do (1) and (2) mean the same thing?
A: no

Problem: (1) The district , as originally proposed , was larger to include the commercial areas to the west of Maple Avenue , including ancient buildings , the Galleria and Shrewsbury Avenue .
(2) The district , as originally proposed , was larger to include the commercial areas to the west of Shrewsbury Avenue , including ancient buildings , the Galleria and Maple Avenue .

Do (1) and (2) mean the same thing?
A:
no