## question
Smallpox vaccine, the first successful vaccine to be developed, was introduced by Edward Jenner in 1796. He followed up his observation that milkmaids who had previously caught cowpox did not later catch smallpox by showing that inoculated cowpox protected against inoculated smallpox. The word "vaccine" is derived from Variolae vaccinae (i.e. smallpox of the cow), the term devised by Jenner to denote cowpox and used in the long title of his An enquiry into the causes and effects of Variolae vaccinae, known by the name of cow pox. Vaccination, the term which soon replaced cowpox inoculation and vaccine inoculation, was first used in print by Jenner's friend, Richard Dunning in 1800. Initially, the terms vaccine / vaccination referred only to smallpox, but in 1881 Louis Pasteur proposed that to honour Jenner the terms be widened to cover the new protective inoculations being introduced.

Answer this question based on the passage: who discovered the vaccine for the prevention of small pox?
## answer
The important part for answering this question is: Smallpox vaccine, the first successful vaccine to be developed, was introduced by Edward Jenner in 1796.
So the answer must be Edward Jenner

## question
Three of these railways, Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, Nilgiri Mountain Railway, and Kalka -- Shimla Railway have been collectively designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, also named as "Mountain Railways of India", while the fourth railway, Matheran Hill Railway is in tentative list of UNESCO World Heritage Site. These all are narrow-gauge railways. The Nilgiri Mountain Railway is also, the only rack railway in India.

Answer this question based on the passage: three mountain railway lines in india which has been designated as unesco world heritage site?
## answer
To answer the above question, the relevant sentence is: Three of these railways, Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, Nilgiri Mountain Railway, and Kalka -- Shimla Railway have been collectively designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, also named as "Mountain Railways of India", while the fourth railway, Matheran Hill Railway is in tentative list of UNESCO World Heritage Site.
So the answer must be Darjeeling Himalayan Railway , Nilgiri Mountain Railway , and Kalka -- Shimla Railway

## question
Carol Ann Susi (February 2, 1952 -- November 11, 2014) was an American actress. She was known for providing the voice of recurring unseen character Mrs. Wolowitz, mother of Howard Wolowitz, on the television series The Big Bang Theory.

Based on this passage, who is the actress that plays howard wolowitz mother?
## answer
To answer the question, consider the following: She was known for providing the voice of recurring unseen character Mrs. Wolowitz, mother of Howard Wolowitz, on the television series The Big Bang Theory.
So the answer must be Carol Ann Susi

## question
The concept of original sin was first alluded to in the 2nd century by Irenaeus, Bishop of Lyon in his controversy with certain dualist Gnostics. Other church fathers such as Augustine also developed the doctrine, seeing it as based on the New Testament teaching of Paul the Apostle (Romans 5: 12 -- 21 and 1 Corinthians 15: 22) and the Old Testament verse of Psalms 51: 5. Tertullian, Cyprian, Ambrose and Ambrosiaster considered that humanity shares in Adam's sin, transmitted by human generation. Augustine's formulation of original sin was popular among Protestant reformers, such as Martin Luther and John Calvin, who equated original sin with concupiscence (or "hurtful desire"), affirming that it persisted even after baptism and completely destroyed freedom. The Jansenist movement, which the Catholic Church declared to be heretical, also maintained that original sin destroyed freedom of will.

Answer this question based on the passage: when did the doctrine of original sin begin?
## answer
This is the relevant information: The concept of original sin was first alluded to in the 2nd century by Irenaeus, Bishop of Lyon in his controversy with certain dualist Gnostics.
So the answer must be the 2nd century