Information: - North America is a continent entirely within the Northern Hemisphere and almost all within the Western Hemisphere. It can also be considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the west and south by the Pacific Ocean, and to the southeast by South America and the Caribbean Sea. - Amphibians are ectothermic, tetrapod vertebrates of the class Amphibia. Modern amphibians are all Lissamphibia. They inhabit a wide variety of habitats, with most species living within terrestrial, fossorial, arboreal or freshwater aquatic ecosystems. Thus amphibians typically start out as larvae living in water, but some species have developed behavioural adaptations to bypass this. The young generally undergo metamorphosis from larva with gills to an adult air-breathing form with lungs. Amphibians use their skin as a secondary respiratory surface and some small terrestrial salamanders and frogs lack lungs and rely entirely on their skin. They are superficially similar to lizards but, along with mammals and birds, reptiles are amniotes and do not require water bodies in which to breed. With their complex reproductive needs and permeable skins, amphibians are often ecological indicators; in recent decades there has been a dramatic decline in amphibian populations for many species around the globe. - Diplovertebron is an extinct genus of Anthracosauria ( Labyrinthodont ) that lived in the Late Carboniferous period ( Moscovian ) ( 300 million years ago ) . Diplovertebron was a medium - size animal , 60 cm in length . Its skull produced a tapering triangle , like a small - scale replica of a crocodile 's skull . The otic notches in the posterior part of the skull , which are normally present in primitive amphibians , were very small in Diplovertebron , but the structure of the vertebrae was very primitive and the notochord persisted into adulthood . The limbs were sturdy , but lightly built and had five digits . The carpal or ' wrist ' and tarsal or ' ankle ' bones were cartilaginous , and did not ossify . The limbs were used mainly in water , where hydrostatic pressure reduced the weight of the body . Diplovertebron punctatum inhabited European Carboniferous swamps ( nowadays Czech Republic ) , where it caught fish and smaller amphibians . Another , closely related species , lived in the Pennsylvanian period in North America . Diplovertebron is an important link in evolution , because its body structure resembled that of a reptile . - The Permian is a geologic period and system which spans 46.7 million years from the end of the Carboniferous Period million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Triassic Period 252.2 Mya. It is the last period of the Paleozoic Era; the following Triassic Period belongs to the Mesozoic Era. The concept of the Permian was introduced in 1841 by geologist Sir Roderick Murchison, who named it after the city of Perm. - The Devonian is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic, spanning 60 million years from the end of the Silurian, million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Carboniferous, Mya. It is named after Devon, England, where rocks from this period were first studied. The first significant adaptive radiation of life on dry land occurred during the Devonian. Free-sporing vascular plants began to spread across dry land, forming extensive forests which covered the continents. By the middle of the Devonian, several groups of plants had evolved leaves and true roots, and by the end of the period the first seed-bearing plants appeared. Various terrestrial arthropods also became well-established. Fish reached substantial diversity during this time, leading the Devonian to often be dubbed the "Age of Fish". The first ray-finned and lobe-finned bony fish appeared, while the placodermi began dominating almost every known aquatic environment. - Latin (Latin: ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. The Latin alphabet is derived from the Etruscan and Greek alphabets. - Devon (archaically known as Devonshire) is a county of England, reaching from the Bristol Channel in the north to the English Channel in the south. It is part of South West England, bounded by Cornwall to the west, Somerset to the northeast, and Dorset to the east. The City of Exeter is the county town; seven other districts of East Devon, Mid Devon, North Devon, South Hams, Teignbridge, Torridge, and West Devon are under the jurisdiction of Devon County Council; Plymouth and Torbay are each a part of Devon but administered as unitary authorities. Combined as a ceremonial county, Devon's area is and its population is about 1.1 million. - Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams. The harder forms, such as anthracite coal, can be regarded as metamorphic rock because of later exposure to elevated temperature and pressure. Coal is composed primarily of carbon, along with variable quantities of other elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. A fossil fuel, coal forms when dead plant matter is converted into peat, which in turn is converted into lignite, then sub-bituminous coal, after that bituminous coal, and lastly anthracite. This involves biological and geological processes that take place over time. - The Carboniferous is a geologic period and system that spans 60 million years from the end of the Devonian Period million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Permian Period, Mya. The name "Carboniferous" means "coal-bearing" and derives from the Latin words "carb" ("coal") and "fer" ("I bear, I carry"), and was coined by geologists William Conybeare and William Phillips in 1822. Based on a study of the British rock succession, it was the first of the modern 'system' names to be employed, and reflects the fact that many coal beds were formed globally during that time. The Carboniferous is often treated in North America as two geological periods, the earlier Mississippian and the later Pennsylvanian. - Anthracosauria is an order of extinct reptile-like amphibians that flourished during the Carboniferous and early Permian periods, although precisely which species are included depends on one's definition of the taxon. Various definitions. As originally defined by Save-Soderbergh in 1934, the anthracosaurs are a group of usually large aquatic Amphibia from the Carboniferous and lower Permian. As defined by Alfred Sherwood Romer however, the anthracosaurs include all non-amniote "labyrinthodont" reptile-like amphibians, and Save-Soderbergh's definition is more equivalent to Romer's suborder Embolomeri. This definition was also used by Edwin H. Colbert and Robert L. Carroll in their textbooks of Vertebrate Palaeontology (Colbert 1969, Carroll 1988). Dr A. L. Panchen however preferred Save-Soderbergh's original definition of Antracosauria in his "Handbuch der Palaoherpetologie", 1970. - Embolomeri is a suborder of Reptiliomorpha. Embolomeres first evolved from reptile-like amphibians in the Early Carboniferous (Mississippian). They were strongly specialised brackish or marine creatures, fish-eating and with long bodies for undulating swimming. - Robert Lynn Carroll (born May 5, 1938) is a vertebrate paleontologist who specialises in Paleozoic and Mesozoic amphibians and reptiles. After reading the paragraphs above, we are interested in knowing the entity with which 'diplovertebron' exhibits the relationship of 'instance of'. Find the answer from the choices below. Choices: - 1 - adult - alphabet - bear - bearing - branch - city - class - concept - continent - county - county town - definition - england - environment - era - extinct - fish - fossil - jurisdiction - language - latin alphabet - matter - may - name - ocean - order - period - rock - sea - seven - skin - study - subcontinent - swimming - taxon - temperature - the city - time - two - variable - variety - water
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