Q: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
The government of this polity was based on the Ordinances of Justice developed by Giano della Bella, and one prominent post in this city was the Gonfaloniere of Justice. After the murder of the Abbot of Vallombrosa, this city's forces were dealt a crushing defeat at the Battle of Montaperti due to the treachery of Bocca degli Abati. Later, this city fought the War of the Eight Saints against Pope Gregory XI, leading to the end of the Avignon Papacy. That same year saw a revolt of wool carders demanding inclusion in this city's trade guilds. That Revolt of the Ciompi was suppressed by an ancestor of this city's ruling family, which would later be targeted by the Pazzi Conspiracy, feud with the monk Savonarola, and produce members such as Cosimo and Lorenzo the Magnificent. For 10 points, name this birthplace of the Italian Renaissance, a city on the Arno long ruled by the Medici.
A:
History