Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
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Question: The purpose of this study was to compare the arterial response following implantation of a stainless-steel, balloon-expandable, tubular slotted stent with that of a novel computer-designed, multi-cellular stent in normal porcine coronary arteries.', 'Intracoronary stent placement has evolved into the primary strategy for percutaneous revascularization of symptomatic coronary arterial lesions. Presently there is intense interest in developing new stent designs to improve stent delivery and biocompatability.', 'Computer-assisted design was utilized to develop a balloon-expandable stent with symmetric expansion properties, uniform arterial wall coverage, longitudinal flexibility and radial strength. Quantitative coronary angiography and histological assessment of the stented arteries was used to evaluate the acute and chronic vascular responses to a stainless-steel, balloon-expandable, tubular slotted stent as compared to the computer-designed BX stent in the normolipemic swine.', 'Forty stents (24 BX, 16 tubular slotted) were implanted in 19 miniature swine at a mean inflation pressure of 9 atm using identical delivery systems. Eight of the BX and none of the tubular slotted stents were post-dilated with a non-compliant balloon at 12-14 atm. The mean stent-to-artery ratio was similar for the BX (1.03 +/- 0.06) and tubular slotted (1.04 +/- 0.11; p = 0.59) designs. Protrusion or asymmetric radial flaring of a strut at the stent margin was present in 1 of 23 BX stents (4.3%) and 10 of 15 tubular slotted stents (66.7%; p < 0.0001). The mean arterial injury score was significantly less for the BX stent (0.2 +/- 0.2) as compared with the tubular slotted stents (0.4 +/- 0.4; p = 0.025). At 3 days, thrombus area was similar for the BX and tubular slotted designs (0.42 +/- 0.16 mm2 versus 0.44 +/- 0.18 mm2, respectively; p = 0.88). The mean neointimal area was significantly less for the BX at 2 months (1.09 +/- 0.25 mm2 versus 2.93 +/- 2.26 mm2 in the tubular slotted stent) and at 6 months (1.10 +/- 0.26 mm2 versus 2.07 +/- 0.65 mm2 in the tubular slotted stent; p = 0.01), resulting in approximately 50% less in-stent stenosis.

Answer: 1

Question: To evaluate whether genotypes of interleukin (IL)-6 gene promoter positions -174 and -572 are associated with histologic chorioamnionitis and neonatal inflammatory disease in preterm infants.', 'DNA from very low birth weight or very preterm infants (n = 107) was genotyped for IL-6-174 and -572 polymorphisms (GG/GC/CC). The placentas were analyzed for histological inflammatory findings. Data on neonatal inflammatory diseases, including chronic lung disease (CLD), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and septicemia, were collected using the definitions of the Vermont Oxford Network database.', 'In univariate analyses, the IL-6-174 GG genotype was associated with a higher incidence of histologic chorioamnionitis. In multivariate analyses, the -174 GG and -572 GC genotypes were correlated with histologic chorioamnionitis (P = .039 and .009, respectively). Gestational age was not associated with genotype polymorphisms. IL-6-174 genotypes were not associated with CLD and/or NEC, but the CC genotype was correlated with septicemia in both univariate and multivariate analyses (P = .027). IL-6-572 genotypes were not associated with neonatal inflammatory disease.

Answer: 1

Question: Interferons are known to inhibit the replication of hepatitis B viruses (HBV) in several animal models in vitro and in vivo as well in humans. The STAT-1 protein plays a central role in the biological activity of both type I and type II interferons. The lack of functional STAT-1 renders cells and organisms susceptible to bacterial and viral infectious agents. We analysed whether the overexpression of STAT-1 protein enhances the biological interferon response and whether it elicits antiviral activity against HBV in vitro.', 'To achieve an efficient STAT-1 overexpression in primary liver cells and hepatoma cells, we generated a recombinant, replication-deficient adenovirus expressing human STAT-1 (Adv-STAT-1). We analysed whether the overexpression of STAT-1 inhibits the replication of duck HBV and human HBV in vitro using Western blot analysis, the immunofluorescence of viral proteins and quantification of HBV-DNA copies, respectively.', 'In the duck model of HBV infection the overexpression of STAT-1 neither inhibited an established infection nor prevented the establishment of duck HBV replication when administered simultaneously with Adv-STAT-1. These observations were confirmed in an in-vitro model of human HBV infection using the human hepatoma cell line HepG2.2.15, which continuously replicates HBV.

Answer:
1