Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Input: Consider Input: Context: To determine whether tissue factor (TF) contributes to the progression of atherosclerotic lesions in mice.', 'We determined the effect of a 50% reduction of TF levels in all cells on atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) mice. No differences were observed in the extent of atherosclerosis in apoE(-/-)/TF(+/+) and apoE(-/-)/TF(+/-) mice fed regular chow for 34 weeks. Atherosclerosis could not be analyzed in apoE(-/-) mice expressing low levels of TF because of premature death of these mice. Macrophages are a major source of TF in atherosclerotic plaques. Therefore, in a second series of experiments, we investigated the effect on atherosclerosis of selectively reducing hematopoietic cell-derived TF by transplanting bone marrow from mice expressing low levels of TF into low-density lipoprotein receptor deficient (LDLR(-/-)) mice. Atherosclerosis within the arterial tree and aortic root were similar in LDLR(-/-) mice with low-TF bone marrow compared with control bone marrow (TF(+/+) or TF(+/-)) after 4 and 16 weeks on an atherogenic diet. Furthermore, the cellular composition of the aortic root lesions was similar between the 2 groups.
Answer: Our data indicate that either a 50% reduction of TF in all cells or a selective reduction in hematopoietic cell-derived TF does not affect the development of atherosclerotic lesions in mice.

Output: Is atherosclerosis in mice affected by a reduction in tissue factor expression?

Input: Consider Input: Context: Animal experiment studies have revealed a positive association between intake of citrus fruits and bone health. Nomilin, a limonoid present in citrus fruits, is reported to have many biological activities in mammalian systems, but the mechanism of nomilin on bone metabolism regulation is currently unclear.', 'To reveal the mechanism of nomilin on osteoclastic differentiation of mouse primary bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) and the mouse RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line into osteoclasts.', 'Controlled laboratory study. Effects of nomilin on osteoclastic differentiation were studied in in vitro cell cultures.', 'Cell viability of RAW 264.7 cells and BMMs was measured with the Cell Counting Kit. TRAP-positive multinucleated cells were counted as osteoclast cell numbers. The number and area of resorption pits were measured as bone-resorbing activity. Osteoclast-specific genes expression was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR; and proteins expression was evaluated by western blot.', 'Nomilin significantly decreased TRAP-positive multinucleated cell numbers compared with the control, and exhibited no cytotoxicity. Nomilin decreased bone resorption activity. Nomilin downregulated osteoclast-specific genes, NFATc1 and TRAP mRNA levels. Furthermore, nomilin suppressed MAPK signaling pathways.
Answer: This study demonstrates clearly that nomilin has inhibitory effects on osteoclastic differentiation in vitro. These findings indicate that nomilin-containing herbal preparations have potential utility for the prevention of bone metabolic diseases.

Output: Does citrus limonoid nomilin inhibit osteoclastogenesis in vitro by suppression of NFATc1 and MAPK signaling pathways?

Input: Consider Input: Context: Childhood asthma morbidity remains significant, especially in low-income children. Most often, asthma management is provided by the child's primary care provider.", 'We sought to evaluate whether enhancing primary care management for persistent asthma with telephone-based peer coaching for parents reduced asthma impairment and risk in children 3 to 12 years old.', 'Over 12 months, peer trainers provided parents with asthma management training by telephone (median, 18 calls) and encouraged physician partnership. The intervention was evaluated in a cluster-randomized trial of 11 intervention and 11 usual care pediatric practices (462 and 486 families, respectively). Patient outcomes were assessed by means of telephone interviews at 12 and 24 months conducted by observers blinded to intervention assignment and compared by using mixed-effects models, controlling for baseline values and clustering within practices. In a planned subgroup analysis we examined the heterogeneity of the intervention effect by insurance type (Medicaid vs other).', 'After 12 months, intervention participation resulted in 20.9 (95% CI, 9.1-32.7) more symptom-free days per child than in the control group, and there was no difference in emergency department (ED) visits. After 24 months, ED visits were reduced (difference in mean visits/child, -0.28; 95% CI, -0.5 to -0.02), indicating a delayed intervention effect. In the Medicaid subgroup, after 12 months, intervention participation resulted in 42% fewer ED visits (difference in mean visits/child, -0.50; 95% CI, -0.81 to -0.18) and 62% fewer hospitalizations (difference in mean hospitalizations/child, -0.16; 95% CI, -0.30 to -0.014). Reductions in health care use endured through 24 months.
Answer: This pragmatic telephone-based peer-training intervention reduced asthma impairment. Asthma risk was reduced in children with Medicaid insurance.
Output: Does a cluster-randomized trial show telephone peer coaching for parents reduces children 's asthma morbidity?