Q: The Z notation is a formal specification language used for describing and modelling computing systems. It is targeted at the clear specification of computer programs and computer-based systems in general.

In 1974, Jean-Raymond Abrial published "Data Semantics". He used a notation that would later be taught in the University of Grenoble until the end of the 1980s. While at EDF (Electricite de France), Abrial wrote internal notes on Z. The Z notation is used in the 1980 book "Methodes de programmation".

Z was originally proposed by Abrial in 1977 with the help of Steve Schuman and Bertrand Meyer. It was developed further at the Programming Research Group at Oxford University, where Abrial worked in the early 1980s, having arrived at Oxford in September 1979.

Abrial has said that Z is so named "Because it is the ultimate language!" although the name "Zermelo" is also associated with the Z notation through its use of ZermeloFraenkel set theory.

Z is based on the standard mathematical notation used in axiomatic set theory, lambda calculus, and first-order predicate logic. All expressions in Z notation are typed, thereby avoiding some of the paradoxes of naive set theory. Z contains a standardized catalogue (called the "mathematical toolkit") of commonly used mathematical functions and predicates, defined using Z itself.

Answer the following questions:
1. What computer system is the article about?
2. What does it target?
3. Who created it?
4. What did he publish in 1974?
5. Where was the notation taught?
6. What book uses this notation?
7. When was the book published?
8. Who helped him create it?
9. WSho else/
10. Where was it developed?
11. Why does it have the name it does?
A: 1. Z notation
2. the clear specification of computer programs
3. Jean-Raymond Abrial
4. Data Semantics
5. University of Grenoble
6. Methodes de programmation
7. 1980
8. Steve Schuman
9. Bertrand Meyer
10. Oxford University
11. its use of ZermeloFraenkel set theory
Q: (CNN) -- Whether they're raising their adopted baby girl, dodging homophobic quips from their fraternity brothers or teaching the "Single Ladies" dance to the football team after glee club, it seems gay characters are becoming a vital part of prime time TV.

With characters like "Modern Family's" Mitchell and Cameron, Calvin from "Greek" and Kurt from "Glee," the number of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) characters on scripted programs has just about doubled since 2005, according to the Gay and Lesbian Alliance against Defamation.

And characters will continue to identify as LGBT as time goes on, such as "Ugly Betty's" Justin, who recently had his first same-sex kiss. But Jarrett Barrios, president of GLAAD said, "We still have a long way to go before we're fully represented [on] TV."

In addition to the increasing number LGBT characters on scripted shows, which currently represents a little more than 3 percent of all leading and supporting characters on broadcast networks, there are also more openly gay actors and producers working in Hollywood, says Barrios.

Actor Jesse Tyler Ferguson plays the character Mitchell on the ABC prime time show "Modern Family." Like his on-screen role, Ferguson himself is openly gay.

"The opportunity to play not only a well developed gay character, but a dad, a son and brother was really appealing to me. ... I chose to play him very close to myself and I think that truthfulness was appealing to the creators," Ferguson told CNN.

However, Ferguson says his sexual orientation does not make him any more qualified to tackle a gay role than Eric Stonestreet, his straight co-star who plays Mitchell's partner Cameron.

Answer the following questions:
1. Is the article about straight characters?
2. Then what?
3. What is the first program?
4. Who is the first person?
5. Who is Mitchell?
6. Who is the actor?
7. Is he gay?
8. Who else is on the program?
9. Who does he play?
10. How is he related to Mitchell?
A: 1. no
2. gay characters
3. unknown
4. unknown
5. character on Modern Family.
6. Jesse Tyler Ferguson
7. Yes
8. Eric Stonestreet
9. Cameron
10. co-star
Q: Amy went to the beach one day last summer. She went with her family. Her parents let her and her brother, Brian, each bring one friend. Amy invited Candace. Brian asked David. Their neighbor Eddie also went. The six of them got into Amy's dad's car and began the long trip to the beach. In the car, they sang and played games together. They soon got the beach. Everyone put on sun block and had lunch. They ate on a large, blue blanket. Amy's mother had brought the blanket. After eating, everyone found fun things to do. Amy and Candace made sand castles with Amy's father. Brian, Eddie, and David swam in the sea and played catch. Amy's mother sat in a chair and read a book. When the sun began to set, they packed everything up and began to drive home. Both Brian and Candace slept. David played a game with Amy and Eddie before Eddie fell asleep and started to drool. After they got home, everyone had dinner at Amy's and talked about how much fun they had at the beach.

Answer the following questions:
1. Where did Amy go?
2. When?
3. With who?
4. What did her parents do?
5. Who else?
6. What was his name?
7. Who did he invite?
8. How about Amy?
9. Who also went?
10. What was his name?
11. How many were there in total?
12. How did they get to the beach?
13. What did they do in the car?
14. What did they do first when they got to the beach?
15. next?
16. What did Amy do after?
17. with who?
18. Anyone else?
A:
1. the beach
2. last summer.
3. her family.
4. let her bring one friend
5. brother
6. Brian
7. David
8. Candace.
9. Their neighbor
10. Eddie
11. Six
12. car
13. sang and played games together.
14. put on sun block
15. had lunch
16. made sand castles
17. Candance
18. Amy's father