In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

[EX Q]: Context: Enterovirus infections are major etiological factors in myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy. Using an experimental murine model of this disease, previous studies have shown that myocarditis susceptibility depends upon activation of T lymphocytes expressing the gamma delta T cell receptor (TcR), and that only mouse strains which accumulate gamma delta T cells in the myocardium show apoptosis of myocytes or evidence of dilated cardiomyopathy-like disease. The objective of the present studies is to demonstrate that gamma delta T cells directly induce greater Fas-dependent apoptosis of cultured myocytes than T cells expressing the alpha beta TcR.', 'Bl.Tg.E alpha mice were infected for 7 days with coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3). Hearts were removed and were either formalin-fixed, sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for inflammation, and using TdT-TUNEL for apoptosis, or were minced and collagenase digested for isolation of gamma delta+ and alpha beta+ T cells using immunomagnetic bead separation. Neonatal cultures of cardiac myocytes were isolated from mice less than 2 days old by collagenase and pancreatin digestion, and were either untreated or infected with virus. Levels of Fas (CD95) were measured using FITC-conjugated hamster anti-mouse Fas monoclonal antibody and flow cytometry. Susceptibility of myocytes to Fas-dependent killing was measured by 51Cr-release by labeled myocytes incubated for 4 h on either 3T3-mock or 3T3-FasL transfected cell monolayers. Killing by T cells was also measured in a 4 h 51Cr-release assay. Fas-dependent and perforin-dependent cytotoxicity was determined by specific blocking using either Fas-Fc or concanamycin A.', 'Virally infected myocyte cultures showed significantly enhanced Fas expression compared to uninfected cells, with maximal upregulation of Fas occurring 18-24 h after virus infection. Both infected and uninfected myocytes were selectively killed by FasL-transfected 3T3 cells but not by mock control cells. Approximately 38% of CD3+ lymphocytes isolated from the heart express the gamma delta TcR with the remainder expressing the alpha beta TcR. Both gamma delta+ and alpha beta+ T cells lysed myocyte targets. Blocking studies indicate that gamma delta+ T cells induced predominantly Fas-mediated killing, while alpha beta+ cell produced more perforin-mediated death, although these effectors were capable of Fas-dependent killing as well.\Question: Do t cells expressing the gamma delta T cell receptor induce apoptosis in cardiac myocytes?
[EX A]: These studies demonstrate that T cells expressing the gamma delta TcR are more effective mediators of myocyte apoptosis than alpha beta+ T cells in vitro and suggests that these effectors may be primarily responsible for myocardial injury associated with dilated cardiomyopathy-like signs during coxsackievirus B3-induced myocarditis.

[EX Q]: Context: Both obesity and type 2 diabetes are among the risk factors for breast cancer development. Combined effect of these metabolic abnormalities on breast cancer risk however, has not been examined in premenopausal women. We tested this association in type 2 diabetic women, categorized as obese, overweight and normal body weight groups based on BMI.', 'A total of 101 subjects were included in this study. Serum levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha, C reactive protein, leptin, TGF-alpha, adiponectin and insulin were measured by ELISA. Data were logarithmically transformed for variables not normally distributed. Analysis of variance with post-hoc Bonferroni was applied to compare the data between the groups. Simple and partial correlation coefficients between the variables were determined and a stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the relationships between the variables of interest.', 'Significantly increased levels of IL-6, C reactive protein, leptin and significantly decreased levels of adiponectin were found in obese group, while the levels of TNF-alpha and TGF-alpha were unaltered. A positive correlation between waist circumference and IL-6 was found in obese group. Similarly, C reactive protein, waist and hip circumferences were linearly correlated with BMI in obese group. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis revealed several significant predictors for breast cancer risk.\Question: Do combined effects of obesity and type 2 diabetes contribute to increased breast cancer risk in premenopausal women?
[EX A]: Obesity and type 2 diabetes, owing to their effects on adipocytokines and inflammatory mediators, contribute to increased breast cancer risk in premenopausal women. This study emphasizes healthy life style and better management of these metabolic disorders to avoid the pathogenesis of breast cancer and of other chronic diseases.

[EX Q]: Context: Coxsackie and adenovirus receptor is a high affinity receptor for adenovirus type 5. To our knowledge the expression profile of coxsackie and adenovirus receptor in renal cancer has not been described. We evaluated the expression of coxsackie and adenovirus receptor in human renal cancer specimens and determined whether the histone deacetylase inhibitor FK-228 (Astelas Pharmaceutical, Osaka, Japan) increases the efficiency of adenoviral infections in renal carcinoma cells in vivo and in vitro.', 'We used randomly selected renal cancer specimens. Specimens were analyzed for coxsackie and adenovirus receptor expression using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. In vitro experiments on cytotoxicity were performed to determine a nontoxic dose of FK-228 for renal cancer cells. The level of coxsackie and adenovirus receptor expression was determined by fluorescence activated cell scanning and/or reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in FK-228 treated renal cancer cells. The effect in vivo on adenoviral gene expression was investigated in athymic mice.', 'In several human renal cancer specimens a loss of or decreased coxsackie and adenovirus receptor expression was detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction based analysis and immunohistochemistry. The nontoxic dose of FK-228 for renal carcinoma cells was 0.5 ng/ml. Treatment of cancer cells with 0.5 ng/ml FK-228 increased levels of coxsackie and adenovirus receptor RNA and acetylated histone H3. This increase was associated with an approximately 10-fold increase in adenoviral infection, as evidenced by increased transgene expression from a beta-galactosidase containing adenoviral vector. Intravenous administration of FK-228 enhanced coxsackie and adenovirus receptor expression in athymic mice. The combination of beta-galactosidase adenovirus and FK-228 was significantly more effective than adenovirus only in A498 cells 3 weeks after treatment in vivo. The combination of p21 adenovirus and FK-228 resulted in significant tumor inhibition in vitro and in vivo.\Question: Does a histone deacetylase inhibitor enhance adenoviral infection of renal cancer cells?
[EX A]:
In human renal cancer specimens a loss of or decrease in coxsackie and adenovirus receptor expression may be an early event in renal cancer progression. Pretreatment with FK-228 may increase tumor cell sensitivity to adenoviral gene therapy vectors.