Answer the following question given this paragraph: levels. If a solid has a filled valence band with a relatively low-lying empty band above it (a conduction band), then electrons can be excited by thermal energy from the filled band into the vacant band where they can then migrate through the crystal, resulting in electrical conductivity. Electrical insulators are poor conductors because their valence bands are full. Semiconductors have electrical conductivities intermediate between those of insulators and metals. The electrical conductivity of semiconductors increases rapidly with increasing temperature, whereas the electrical conductivity of metals decreases slowly with increasing temperature. The properties of semiconductors can be modified by doping, or introducing impurities. Adding an element with more valence electrons than the atoms of the host populates the conduction band, resulting in an n-type semiconductor with increased electrical conductivity. Adding an element with fewer valence electrons than the atoms of the host generates holes in the valence band, resulting in a p-type semiconductor that also exhibits increased electrical conductivity. Q: What happens to the electrical conductivity of metals when placed in a pot of boiling water? A:
OPTIONS:
- stays the same
- increases slowly
- increases quickly
- decreases slowly

Answer: decreases slowly

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: The addition of heat changes liquid water to what? A:
OPTIONS:
- rainwater
- ice
- distilled water
- water vapor
Answer: water vapor

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Secondary pollutants form from primary pollutants. Many occur as part of photochemical smog . This type of smog is seen as a brown haze in the air. Photochemical smog forms when certain pollutants have a chemical reaction in the presence of sunlight. Photochemical smog consists mainly of ozone (O 3 ). Ozone near the ground is a pollutant ( Figure below ). This ozone is harmful to humans and other living things. However, ozone in the stratosphere protects Earth from the Sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation. Q: Photochemical smog consists mainly of what? A:
OPTIONS:
- acid
- oxygen
- carbon
- ozone
output: ozone

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Suspensions and colloids are two common types of mixtures whose properties are in many ways intermediate between those of true solutions and heterogeneous mixtures. Asuspension is a heterogeneous mixture of particles with diameters of about 1 m (1000 nm) that are distributed throughout a second phase. Common suspensions include paint, blood, and hot chocolate, which are solid particles in a liquid, and aerosol sprays, which are liquid particles in a gas. If the suspension is allowed to stand, the two phases will separate, which is why paints must be thoroughly stirred or shaken before use. A colloid is also a heterogeneous mixture, but the particles of a colloid are typically smaller than those of a suspension, generally in the range of 2 to about 500 nm in diameter. Colloids include fog and clouds (liquid particles in a gas), milk (solid particles in a liquid), and butter (solid particles in a solid). Other colloids are used industrially as catalysts. Unlike in a suspension, the particles in a colloid do not separate into two phases on standing. The only combination of substances that cannot produce a suspension or a colloid is a mixture of two gases because their particles are so small that they always form true solutions. The properties of suspensions, colloids, and solutions are summarized in Table 13.9 "Properties of Liquid Solutions, Colloids, and Suspensions". Q: Colloids are used industrially as what? A:

OPTIONS:
- organisms
- impurities
- solutions
- catalysts

A: catalysts

input: OPTIONS:
- weight
- diet
- age
- activity level Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Synaptic connections can change over time depending on what? A:
A:
output: activity level

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Seawater has lots of salts in it. This increases its density (mass per volume) over fresh water. Temperature and pressure also affect density. Q: Salt in seawater causes it to have greater what, which is also affected by temperature and pressure? A:
OPTIONS:
- mass
- volume
- area
- density
Answer:
density