Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

South America is a continent located in the western hemisphere, mostly in the southern hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the northern hemisphere. It may also be considered a subcontinent of the Americas, which is the model used in nations that speak Romance languages. The reference to South America instead of other regions (like Latin America or the Southern Cone) has increased in the last decades due to changing geopolitical dynamics (in particular, the rise of Brazil).

It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east by the Atlantic Ocean; North America and the Caribbean Sea lie to the northwest. It includes twelve sovereign states (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela), a part of France (French Guiana), and a non-sovereign area (the Falkland Islands, a British Overseas Territory though this is disputed by Argentina). In addition to this, the ABC islands of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Trinidad and Tobago, and Panama may also be considered part of South America.

South America has an area of 17,840,000 square kilometers (6,890,000 sq mi). Its population has been estimated at more than floor(/1e6) million. South America ranks fourth in area (after Asia, Africa, and North America) and fifth in population (after Asia, Africa, Europe, and North America). Brazil is by far the most populous South American country, with more than half of the continent's population, followed by Colombia, Argentina, Venezuela and Peru. In recent decades Brazil has also concentrated half of the region's GDP and has become a first regional power.

1. What hemisphere is South America in?
2. And mostly in which other hemisphere?
3. What oceans border it?
4. And which other one?
5. What continent borders it?
6. What size is it?
7. What country has the majority of its population?
8. Does that country also have economic dominance?
9. How many countries are in the continent?
10. What is a region of the continent?

Numbered answers:

A: 1. western
2. southern
3. Pacific
4. Atlantic
5. North America
6. 17,840,000 square kilometers
7. Brazil
8. Yes.
9. 17
10. unknown

Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

Chapter 13: Preparing A Rescue.

Stanley remained where he was until Meinik returned, in half an hour, with the rope. Stanley made a loop at one end; and then knotted it, at distances of about a foot apart, to enable him to climb it more easily. Then they waited until the guard fire burnt down low, and most of the men went off into a hut a few yards distant, three only remaining talking before the fire. Then Stanley moved round to the other side of the palisade and, choosing a spot immediately behind the hut where the sentries were posted, threw up the rope. It needed many attempts before the loop caught at the top of one of the bamboos. As soon as it did so, he climbed up.

He found that the position was an exceedingly unpleasant one. The bamboos were all so cut that each of them terminated in three spikes, and so impossible was it to cross this that he had to slip down the rope again. On telling Meinik what was the matter, the latter at once took off his garment and folded it up into a roll, two feet long.

"If you lay that on the top, master, you will be able to cross."

This time Stanley had little difficulty. On reaching the top, he laid the roll on the bamboo spikes; and was able to raise himself on to it and sit there, while he pulled up the rope and dropped it on the inside. Descending, he at once began to crawl towards the hut. As he had seen before climbing, a light was burning within, and the window was at the back of the house. This was but some twenty yards from the palisade and, when he reached it, he stood up and cautiously looked in.

1. When did Meinik return?
2. What did he bring with him?
3. Who waited for him?
4. What did Stanley do with the rope?
5. Where?
6. And then did what?
7. How far apart were the knots?
8. Why?
9. Was his position pleasant?
10. What was he climbing?
11. How did the bamboo end?
12. Did this happen naturally?
13. Could he cross?
14. What did he do instead?
15. What did Meinik do to help?
16. And what did he do with it?
17. How long was it?
18. Did it help?
19. What did he do with it?
20. What did he crawl towards?

Numbered answers:

A: 1. in half an hour
2. the rope
3. Stanley
4. made a loop
5. at one end
6. knotted it
7. about a foot
8. so he could climb it more easily
9. no
10. bamboo
11. in three spikes
12. no
13. no
14. slip down the rope
15. took off his garment
16. folded it up into a roll
17. two feet long
18. yes
19. laid it on the spikes and sat on it
20. the hut

Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

Peter Woolf and Will Riley, both 55, greet each other with a large hug whenever they meet. They're now really good friends, but they weren't ten years ago.

Before the men ever had a proper conversation, they had a serious physical fight. Peter hit Will over the head with a heavy pot, and then they both rolled down the stairs of Will's North London home before Peter hit him again with a pot. Will was knocked out and bleeding from the back of the head, but he refused to give in to Peter-a desperate heroin addict with a 30-year habit who had broken into Will's home to steal whatever valuables he could then sell to buy drugs.

It was 5 p.m. on March 2002, when Peter forced the front door of Will's five-storey Georgian home in Islington. And when Will walked into his bedroom to get something, he was shocked to find an unpleasant-smelling man in front of him.

"I asked him what he was doing in my house, and he said he was a neighbor who had heard a noise and was worried," says Will. "I was sure he was a thief, so as he went past me, I grabbed him and pushed him to the floor.

"I managed to get him downstairs and out into the street after pulling his jacket down to trap his arms. I was shouting, 'Thief! Thief!' Someone had heard me shouting and called the police, who arrived within minutes."

The police put Peter into the back of their police car. He soon began a three-year sentence in London's Pentonville Prison on a charge of breaking and entering.

Despite having spent 18 years of his life in prison, Peter somehow remained hopeful that he could clean himself up, stop taking drugs and go on to do something useful on his eventual release.

A few weeks later, Will received a telephone call from police officer Kim Smith, who explained that a trial in restorative justice was about to take place and he wondered if Will would like to meet Peter, who was waiting for sentencing.

Will met Peter again. He says, "I thought I might be able to help him change _ ."

Will saved Peter's life. "We're great friends, we get on extremely well, and when we meet, we talk about everything," says Will. "Peter's a fine man."

1. what date did Peter force his way in?
2. the time?
3. which room did Will see him in first?
4. how many storeys in the house?
5. was Peter clean?
6. what did Will think he was?
7. how did Will trap him?
8. where did the police take him?
9. what charges?
10. who cantacted Will a few weeks later?
11. what was being trialled?
12. how long had Peter spent in jail?
13. what did he hope for?
14. AND
15. What is Peter's Surname?
16. how old are they?
17. where is Will's home?
18. how do they greet each other?
19. were they always friends?
20. how long had Peter been taking drugs?

Numbered answers:

A:
1. March 2002
2. 5 pm
3. bedroom
4. Five
5. no
6. a thief
7. pulled his jacket down to trap his arms
8. Pentonville Prison
9. breaking and entering
10. Kim Smith
11. restorative justice
12. 18 years
13. he could get clean
14. do something useful
15. Woolf
16. 55
17. North London
18. with a hug
19. no
20. 30 years