input: Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms. It is generally considered a field of biology, but intersects frequently with many other life sciences and is strongly linked with the study of information systems.

The father of genetics is Gregor Mendel, a late 19th-century scientist and Augustinian friar. Mendel studied "trait inheritance", patterns in the way traits are handed down from parents to offspring. He observed that organisms (pea plants) inherit traits by way of discrete "units of inheritance". This term, still used today, is a somewhat ambiguous definition of what is referred to as a gene.

Trait inheritance and molecular inheritance mechanisms of genes are still primary principles of genetics in the 21st century, but modern genetics has expanded beyond inheritance to studying the function and behavior of genes. Gene structure and function, variation, and distribution are studied within the context of the cell, the organism (e.g. dominance), and within the context of a population. Genetics has given rise to a number of subfields, including epigenetics and population genetics. Organisms studied within the broad field span the domain of life, including bacteria, plants, animals, and humans.

Genetic processes work in combination with an organism's environment and experiences to influence development and behavior, often referred to as nature versus nurture. The intracellular or extracellular environment of a cell or organism may switch gene transcription on or off. A classic example is two seeds of genetically identical corn, one placed in a temperate climate and one in an arid climate. While the average height of the two corn stalks may be genetically determined to be equal, the one in the arid climate only grows to half the height of the one in the temperate climate due to lack of water and nutrients in its environment. 1. Who is the "father" of genetics?
2. What did he study?
3. In what organism?
4. Through what did he discover the plants inherited their traits?
5. A more precisely defined version of this is called what?
6. What field includes genetics?
7. Is it strictly contained within biology?
8. What is is strongly connected with?
9. Name one subfield of genetics.
10. What kinds of organisms are studied in genetics?
11. Can the work of genes be switched on and off?
12. By what? Return numbered answers in your output.

output: 1. Gregor Mendel
2. trait inheritance
3. pea plants
4. by way of discrete "units of inheritance"
5. a gene.
6. biology,
7. no
8. study of information systems.
9. Trait inheritance
10. bacteria, plants, animals, and humans
11. yes
12. The intracellular or extracellular environment of a cell

input: Julio loves to visit his grandmother.He doesn't get to visit her very often because his family lives in a city that is six hours away.His grandmother lives in a big wooden house on a farm .It is old and looks as if it has secret hiding places .

On the third Sunday of June ,Julio's parents took him to his grandmother's .Since it was summer vacation ,he was going to stay at grandmother's for a whole mother ! His cousins Mario and Linda would soon be arriving .They would also be staying at their grandmother's this summer.

A big porch wraps around two sides of the house .Julio sat in the porch swing .He could see the trees that circle the house.They had been planted as a windbreak .They protect the house from the wind and blowing dirt .The house is in the middle of a large ,flat field.

Julio watched the dirt road that leads to the house .He couldn't wait for his cousins to get there !Mario was his age ,and Linda was a year younger .They had fun together .Last summer they spent one whole morning making a fort out of sacks of seed .Then Uncle Henry had taken them on a tractor ride.

Julio remembered another time with his cousins .They had gone out to explode the fields.Julio touched an electric fence and got a shock .Then they found an old snakeskin .Nothing like that ever happened at his own home!

Julio could smell the dinner that his grandmother was cooking .It made him hungry.

Finally he saw a cloud of dust coming up the road."They 're here! There're here!" He shouted. 1. Where does Julios grandmother live?
2. how far away form his house?
3. does he go often?
4. where is he vacationing this summer?
5. anyone else coming?
6. when did he arrive?
7. where did he sit to watch for his cousins?
8. was it a small porch?
9. how big was it?
10. which is the older cousin? Return numbered answers in your output.

output: 1. in a big wooden house on a farm
2. six hours away
3. No
4. at grandmother's
5. His cousins Mario and Linda
6. third Sunday of June
7. porch swing
8. No
9. It wraps around two sides of the house
10. Mario

input: JSTOR ( ; short for "Journal Storage") is a digital library founded in 1995. Originally containing digitized back issues of academic journals, it now also includes books and primary sources, and current issues of journals. It provides full-text searches of almost 2,000 journals. As of 2013, more than 8,000 institutions in more than 160 countries had access to JSTOR; most access is by subscription, but some older public domain content is freely available to anyone. JSTOR's revenue was $69 million in 2014.

William G. Bowen, president of Princeton University from 1972 to 1988, founded JSTOR. JSTOR originally was conceived as a solution to one of the problems faced by libraries, especially research and university libraries, due to the increasing number of academic journals in existence. Most libraries found it prohibitively expensive in terms of cost and space to maintain a comprehensive collection of journals. By digitizing many journal titles, JSTOR allowed libraries to outsource the storage of journals with the confidence that they would remain available long-term. Online access and full-text search ability improved access dramatically.

Bowen initially considered using CD-ROMs for distribution. However, Ira Fuchs, Princeton University's vice-president for Computing and Information Technology, convinced Bowen that CD-ROM was an increasingly outdated technology and that network distribution could eliminate redundancy and increase accessibility. (For example, all Princeton's administrative and academic buildings were networked by 1989; the student dormitory network was completed in 1994; and campus networks like the one at Princeton were, in turn, linked to larger networks such as BITNET and the Internet.) JSTOR was initiated in 1995 at seven different library sites, and originally encompassed ten economics and history journals. JSTOR access improved based on feedback from its initial sites, and it became a fully searchable index accessible from any ordinary web browser. Special software was put in place to make pictures and graphs clear and readable. 1. Who is William Bowen?
2. from when?
3. What is he?
4. What does JSTOR stand for?
5. when was it founded?
6. What did it originally contain?
7. and what now?
8. how many journals?
9. how many institutions?
10. how many countries?
11. What is its revenue?
12. in what year?
13. What did they originally use for distribution?
14. Who is Ira Fuchs?
15. When wre all the buildings networked at Princeton?
16. and the dorms?
17. What network were they linked with?
18. When initiated, how many library sites?
19. In what year?
20. What did the special software put in place do? Return numbered answers in your output.

output:
1. president of Princeton University
2. from 1972 to 1988
3. JSTOR's founded
4. Journal Storage
5. 1995.
6. digitized back issues of academic journals
7. it now also includes books and primary sources, and current issues of journals
8. 2,000 journals
9. 8,000 institutions
10. 160 countries
11. $69 million
12. 2014
13. CD-ROMs
14. Princeton University's vice-president
15. 1989
16. 1994
17. BITNET
18. seven
19. 1995
20. made pictures and graphs clear and readable