Answer the following question given this paragraph: Let's take a closer look at a molecule of ATP. Although it carries less energy than glucose, its structure is more complex. "A" in ATP refers to the majority of the molecule adenosine a combination of a nitrogenous base and a five-carbon sugar. "T" and "P" indicate the three phosphates, linked by bonds which hold the energy actually used by cells. Usually, only the outermost bond breaks to release or spend energy for cellular work. Q: The a in atp is short for what? A:
OPTIONS:
- amino
- acetic
- acid
- adenosine

Answer: adenosine

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Ionic bonds form only between metals and nonmetals. Metals "want" to give up electrons, and nonmetals "want" to gain electrons. Find sodium (Na) in Figure below . Sodium is an alkali metal in group 1. Like other group 1 elements, it has just one valence electron. If sodium loses that one electron, it will have a full outer energy level. Now find fluorine (F) in Figure below . Fluorine is a halogen in group 17. It has seven valence electrons. If fluorine gains one electron, it will have a full outer energy level. After sodium gives up its valence electron to fluorine, both atoms have a more stable arrangement of electrons. Q: What type of bonds form only between metals and nonmetals? A:
OPTIONS:
- non-harmonic bonds
- harmonic bonds
- magnetic bonds
- ionic bonds
Answer: ionic bonds

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Naming anions is slightly different than naming cations. The ending of the element's name is dropped and replaced with the ide suffix. For example, F - is the fluoride ion, while O 2- is the oxide ion. As is the case with cations, the charge on the anion is indicated by a superscript following the symbol. Common anions are listed in the Table below :. Q: When naming this type of ion the ending of the element's name is dropped and replaced with the ide suffix? A:
OPTIONS:
- amines
- oxides
- cations
- anions
output: anions

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Electromagnetic waves transfer energy across space as well as through matter. They vary in their wavelengths and frequencies, and higher-frequency waves have more energy. The full range of wavelengths of electromagnetic waves, shown in the Figure below , is called the electromagnetic spectrum. Q: Electromagnetic waves transfer energy across space as well as through what? A:

OPTIONS:
- osmosis
- filtering
- plasma
- matter

A: matter

input: OPTIONS:
- sponges
- chordates
- protists
- fungi Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: 24.3 Ecology of Fungi Fungi have colonized nearly all environments on Earth, but are frequently found in cool, dark, moist places with a supply of decaying material. Fungi are saprobes that decompose organic matter. Many successful mutualistic relationships involve a fungus and another organism. Many fungi establish complex mycorrhizal associations with the roots of plants. Some ants. Q: What are saprobes that decompose organic matter? A:
A:
output: fungi

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The body of the simplest sponges takes the shape of a cylinder with a large central cavity, the spongocoel. Water enters the spongocoel from numerous pores in the body wall. Water flows out through a large opening called the osculum (Figure 15.9). However, sponges exhibit a diversity of body forms, which vary in the size and branching of the spongocoel, the number of osculi, and where the cells that filter food from the water are located. Sponges consist of an outer layer of flattened cells and an inner layer of cells called choanocytes separated by a jellylike substance called mesohyl. The mesohyl contains embedded amoeboid cells that secrete tiny needles called spicules or protein fibers that help give the sponge its structural strength. The cell body of the choanocyte is embedded in mesohyl but protruding into the spongocoel is a mesh-like collar surrounding a single flagellum. The beating of flagella from all choanocytes moves water through the sponge. Food particles are trapped in mucus produced by the sieve-like collar of the choanocytes and are ingested by phagocytosis. This process is called intracellular digestion. Amoebocytes take up nutrients repackaged in food vacuoles of the choanocytes and deliver them to other cells within the sponge. Q: The body of the simplest sponges takes the shape of a cylinder with a large central cavity, called? A:
OPTIONS:
- spicule
- vacuole
- spirogyra
- spongocoel
Answer:
spongocoel