Question: Information: - Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe, situated between the Baltic Sea in the north and two mountain ranges (the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains) in the south. Bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine and Belarus to the east; and the Baltic Sea, Kaliningrad Oblast (a Russian exclave) and Lithuania to the north. The total area of Poland is , making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. With a population of over 38.5million people, Poland is the 34th most populous country in the world, the 8th most populous country in Europe and the sixth most populous member of the European Union. Poland is a unitary state divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, and its capital and largest city is Warsaw. Other metropolises include Krakow, Wrocaw, Pozna, Gdask and Szczecin. - Lithuania (UK and US: ), officially the Republic of Lithuania, is a country in Northern Europe. One of the three Baltic states, it is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, to the east of Sweden and Denmark. It is bordered by Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, Poland to the south, and Kaliningrad Oblast (a Russian exclave) to the southwest. Lithuania has an estimated population of 2.9 million people , and its capital and largest city is Vilnius. Lithuanians are a Baltic people. The official language, Lithuanian, along with Latvian, is one of only two living languages in the Baltic branch of the Indo-European language family. - Sigismund III Vasa (also known as "Sigismund III of Poland", , , , English exonym: "Sigmund"; 20 June 1566 30 April 1632 ) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, monarch of the united PolishLithuanian Commonwealth from 1587 to 1632, and King of Sweden (where he is known simply as "Sigismund") from 1592 as a composite monarchy until he was deposed in 1599. He was the son of King John III of Sweden and his first wife, Catherine Jagellonica of Poland. - The Voivode of Transylvania (, ) was the highest-ranking official in Transylvania within the Kingdom of Hungary from the 12thcentury to the 16thcentury. Appointed by the monarchs, the voivodesthemselves also the heads or "ispans" of Feher Countywere the superiors of the "ispans" of all the other counties in the province. - Historical Ruthenia is a proper geographical exonym for Kievan Rus' and other, more local, historical states. It was applied to the area where Ruthenians lived. - A composite monarchy (or composite state) is a historical category, introduced by J. H. Elliott, that describes early modern states consisting of several countries under one ruler, who governs his territories as if they were separate kingdoms, in accordance with local traditions and legal structures. The composite state was the typical kind in the early modern period. H. G. Koenigsberger divides composite states into two classes: those, like the Spanish Empire, that consisted of countries separated by either other states or by the sea, and those, like PolandLithuania, that were contiguous. - DenmarkNorway (Danish and Norwegian: "") was an early modern multi-national and multi-lingual state consisting of the Kingdom of Denmark, the Kingdom of Norway (including Norwegian regions Faroe Islands, Iceland, Greenland, et cetera), the Duchy of Schleswig, and the Duchy of Holstein. The state also claimed sovereignty over two historical peoples: Wends and Goths. In addition, the state included colonies: St. Thomas, St. John, St. Croix, Ghana, Tharangambadi, Serampore, and Nicobar Islands. The state's inhabitants were mainly Danes, Norwegians (along with Inuit and Sami), Swedes and Germans. The state's largest cities were Copenhagen, Altona, Bergen, Trondheim, and Christiania (Oslo). - The Livonian War (15581583) was fought for control of Old Livonia (in the territory of present-day Estonia and Latvia) when the Tsardom of Russia faced off against a varying coalition of DenmarkNorway, the Kingdom of Sweden, the Union (later Commonwealth) of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland. - The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed from the Middle Ages into the twentieth century (10001946 with the exception of 19181920). The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the coronation of the first king Stephen I at Esztergom in about the year 1000; his family (the Arpad dynasty) led the monarchy for 300years. By the 12th century, the kingdom became a European middle power within the Western world. - The Baltic Sea ( ; ) is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean, enclosed by Scandinavia, Finland, the Baltic countries, and the North European Plain. It includes the Gulf of Bothnia, the Bay of Bothnia, the Gulf of Finland, the Gulf of Riga, and the Bay of Gdask. The sea stretches from 53N to 66N latitude and from 10E to 30E longitude. A mediterranean sea of the Atlantic, with limited water exchange between the two bodies, the Baltic Sea drains through the Danish islands into the Kattegat by way of the straits of resund, the Great Belt, and the Little Belt. - The Tsardom of Russia ("Russkoye tsarstvo" or , Rossisyskoye tsarstvo ), also known as the Tsardom of Muscovy, was the name of the centralized Russian state from assumption of the title of Tsar by Ivan IV in 1547 until the foundation of the Russian Empire by Peter the Great in 1721. - Sweden, officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: ), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and Finland to the east, and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Oresund. At , Sweden is the third-largest country in the European Union by area, with a total population of 10.0 million. Sweden consequently has a low population density of , with the highest concentration in the southern half of the country. Approximately 85% of the population lives in urban areas. - The Prince of Transylvania (, . ) was the head of state of the Principality of Transylvania from the last decades of the 16thcentury until the middle of the 18thcentury. John Sigismund Zapolya was the first to adopt the title in 1570, but its use only became stable from 1576. - Latvia, officially the Republic of Latvia, is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe, one of the three Baltic states. It is bordered by Estonia to the north, Lithuania to the south, Russia to the east, and Belarus to the southeast, as well as a maritime border to the west alongside Sweden. Latvia has 1,957,200 inhabitants and a territory of . The country has a temperate seasonal climate. - Anna Jagiellon ( Polish : Anna Jagiellonka , Lithuanian : Ona Jogailait ; 1523 -- 1596 ) was Queen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania in her own right from 1575 to 1586 . She was a daughter of Polish King Sigismund I the Old and his Italian wife Bona Sforza . Despite multiple proposals , she remained unmarried until the age of 52 . After the death of King Sigismund II Augustus , her brother and the last male member of the Jagiellon dynasty , Anna 's hand was sought by pretenders to the Polish -- Lithuanian throne to maintain the dynastic tradition . She was elected , along with her then - fiance Stephen Bathory , as co-ruler in the 1576 royal election of the Polish -- Lithuanian Commonwealth . Their marriage was a formal arrangement and distant . Bathory was preoccupied with the Livonian War , while Anna spent her time in Warsaw on local administrative matters and several construction works . After Bathory 's death in December 1586 , she had an opportunity to claim the throne for herself ( she was co-ruler and not merely a consort ) , but did not even attempt it . Instead , she promoted her nephew Sigismund III Vasa , establishing House of Vasa on the Polish -- Lithuanian throne for the next eighty years ( 1587 -- 1668 ) . - Bona Sforza (2 February 1494 19 November 1557) was a member of the powerful House of Sforza, which ruled the Duchy of Milan since 1447. In 1518, she became the second wife of SigismundI the Old, the King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania. Their marriage lasted 30 years until Sigismund's death in 1548. Ambitious and energetic, Bona became heavily involved in the political life of PolandLithuania. To increase state revenue, she implemented various economic and agricultural reforms, including the far-reaching Wallach Reform in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Her reforms made her the richest landowner in the Grand Duchy. In foreign policy, she opposed the Habsburgs and sought to secure her eldest daughter Isabella Jagiellon in the Kingdom of Hungary. - The Duchy of Milan was a constituent state of the Holy Roman Empire in northern Italy. It was created in 1395, when it included twenty-six towns and the wide rural area of the middle Padan Plain east of the hills of Montferrat. During much of its existence, it was wedged between Savoy to the west, Venice to the east, the Swiss Confederacy to the north, and separated from the Mediterranean by Genoa to the south. The Duchy eventually fell to Habsburg Austria with the Treaty of Baden (1714), concluding the War of the Spanish Succession. The Duchy remained an Austrian possession until 1796, when a French army under Napoleon Bonaparte conquered it, and it ceased to exist a year later as a result of the Treaty of Campo Formio, when Austria ceded it to the new Cisalpine Republic. - The PolishLithuanian Commonwealth, formally the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, after 1791 the Commonwealth of Poland, was a dualistic state, a bi-confederation, of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch, who was both the King of Poland and the Grand Duke of Lithuania. It was one of the largest and most populous countries of 16th- and 17th-century Europe. At its peak in the early 17th century, the Commonwealth spanned some and sustained a multi-ethnic population of 11 million. The union was formalized by the Union of Lublin in July 1569, but the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania were in a de-facto personal union since 1386 with the marriage of the Polish queen Hedwig and Lithuania's Grand Duke Jogaila, who was crowned King "jure uxoris" Wadysaw II Jagieo of Poland. The First Partition of Poland in 1772 and the Second Partition of Poland in 1793 greatly reduced the nation's size and the Commonwealth disappeared as an independent state following the Third Partition of Poland in 1795. - Transylvania (Romanian: "Transilvania" or "Ardeal", Hungarian: "Erdely", German: "Siebenburgen" or "Transsilvanien", Latin: "Transsilvania", see Historical Names in other Languages) is a historical region located in what is today the central part of Romania. Bound on the east and south by its natural borders, the Carpathian mountain range, historical Transylvania extended westward to the Apuseni Mountains. The term sometimes encompasses not only Transylvania proper, but also the historical regions of Criana, Maramure, and the Romanian part of Banat. - Sigismund II Augustus (Ruthenian: "ygimont II Awgust", ) (1 August 1520 7 July 1572) was the King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, the only son of Sigismund I the Old, whom Sigismund II succeeded in 1548. Married three times, the last of the Jagiellons remained childless, and through the Union of Lublin introduced a free elective monarchy. - Sforza was a ruling family of Renaissance Italy, based in Milan. They acquired the Duchy of Milan from the previously ruling Visconti family in the mid-15th century, and lost it to the Spanish Habsburgs about a century later. - John III (20 December 1537 17 November 1592) was King of Sweden from 1568 until his death. He was the son of King Gustav I of Sweden and his second wife Margaret Leijonhufvud. He was also, quite autonomously, the ruler of Finland, as "Duke John" from 1556 to 1563. In 1581 he assumed also the title Grand Prince of Finland. He attained the Swedish throne after a rebellion against his brother Eric XIV. He is mainly remembered for his attempts to close the gap between the newly established Lutheran Church of Sweden and the Catholic church. - Russia (from the Rus'), also officially known as the Russian Federation, is a country in Eurasia. At , Russia is the largest country in the world by surface area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 140million people at the end of March 2016. The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern, about 77% of the population live in European Russia. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world, other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara. - Stephen Bathory (27 September 1533 12 December 1586) was Voivode of Transylvania (157176), Prince of Transylvania (157686), from 1576 Queen Anna Jagiellon's husband and "jure uxoris" King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1576-1586). - Isabella Jagiellon (18 January 1519 15 September 1559) was the oldest child of Polish King Sigismund I the Old and his Italian wife Bona Sforza. In 1539, she married John Zapolya, Voivode of Transylvania and King of Hungary, becoming Queen consort of Hungary. At the time Hungary was contested between Archduke Ferdinand of Austria who wanted to add it to the Habsburg domains (see Royal Hungary), local nobles who wanted to keep Hungary independent (see Eastern Hungarian Kingdom), and Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent who saw it as a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire (see also Little War in Hungary). While Isabella's marriage lasted only a year and a half, it did produce a male heir John Sigismund Zapolya born just two weeks before his father's death in July 1540. She spent the rest of her life embroiled in succession disputes on behalf of her son. Her husband's death sparked renewed hostilities but Sultan Suleiman established her as a regent of Transylvania on behalf of her infant son. The region developed as a semi-independent buffer state noted for its freedom of religion. Ferdinand, however, never renounced his claims and conspired with Bishop George Martinuzzi who forced Isabella to abdicate in 1551. She returned to her native Poland to live with her family. Sultan Suleiman retaliated and threatened to invade Hungary in 155556 forcing nobles to invite Isabella back to Transylvania. She returned in October 1556 and ruled as her son's regent until her death in September 1559. - The House of Vasa was an early modern royal house founded in 1523 in Sweden, ruling Sweden 15231654, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 15871668 and the Tsardom of Russia 16101613 (titular until 1634). Its agnatic line became extinct in Poland with the death of King John II Casimir of Poland in 1672. - The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a European state from the 13th century until 1795. The state was founded by the Lithuanians, one of the polytheistic Baltic tribes from Aukstaitija. - Sigismund I of Poland (; 1 January 1467 1 April 1548), of the Jagiellon dynasty, reigned as King of Poland and also as the Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1506 until 1548. Earlier, Sigismund had been invested as Duke of Silesia. A successful monarch and a great patron of arts, he established Polish suzerainty over Ducal Prussia (East Prussia) and incorporated the duchy of Mazovia into the Polish state, securing the nation's wealth, culture and power. - Jure uxoris is a Latin term that means "by right of (his) wife". "Jure" is the ablative case of "jus", meaning a legal right. It is most commonly used to refer to a title of nobility held by a man because his wife holds it "suo jure" ("in her own right"). Similarly, the husband of an heiress could become the legal possessor of her lands "jure uxoris", "by right of [his] wife", as in England where, until the Married Women's Property Act 1882, married women were legally incapable of owning real estate. "Jure uxoris" monarchs are not to be confused with kings consort, who were merely consorts of their wives, not co-rulers. - Warsaw (; see also other names) is the capital and largest city of Poland. It stands on the Vistula River in east-central Poland, roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population is estimated at 1.750 million residents within a greater metropolitan area of 3.105 million residents, which makes Warsaw the 9th most-populous capital city in the European Union. The city limits cover , while the metropolitan area covers . 'anna jagiellon' is related to which object entity through the relation of 'country of citizenship'? Choices: - austria - czech republic - denmark - duchy of milan - earth - england - estonia - finland - germans - germany - grand duchy of lithuania - holy roman empire - hungary - italy - kievan rus ' - kingdom of hungary - latvia - lithuania - norway - ottoman empire - poland - principality of transylvania - prussia - roman empire - romania - russia - savoy - slovakia - spanish empire - sweden - transylvania - tsardom of russia
Answer:
grand duchy of lithuania