Q:Information: - A column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below. In other words, a column is a compression member. The term column applies especially to a large round support (the "shaft" of the column) with a capital and a "base" or pedestal and made of stone, or appearing to be so. A small wooden or metal support is typically called a post, and supports with a rectangular or other non-round section are usually called piers. For the purpose of wind or earthquake engineering, columns may be designed to resist lateral forces. Other compression members are often termed "columns" because of the similar stress conditions. Columns are frequently used to support beams or arches on which the upper parts of walls or ceilings rest. In architecture, "column" refers to such a structural element that also has certain proportional and decorative features. A column might also be a decorative element not needed for structural purposes; many columns are "engaged", that is to say form part of a wall. - In physics and mathematics, the dimension of a mathematical space (or object) is informally defined as the minimum number of coordinates needed to specify any point within it. Thus a line has a dimension of one because only one coordinate is needed to specify a point on itfor example, the point at 5 on a number line. A surface such as a plane or the surface of a cylinder or sphere has a dimension of two because two coordinates are needed to specify a point on itfor example, both a latitude and longitude are required to locate a point on the surface of a sphere. The inside of a cube, a cylinder or a sphere is three-dimensional because three coordinates are needed to locate a point within these spaces. - An oculus (plural oculi, from Latin "", 'eye') is a circular opening in the centre of a dome or in a wall. Originating in antiquity, it is a feature of Byzantine and Neoclassical architecture. It is also known as an "il de boeuf" from the French, or simply a "bull's-eye". - Three-dimensional space (also: 3-space or, rarely, tri-dimensional space) is a geometric setting in which three values (called parameters) are required to determine the position of an element (i.e., point). This is the informal meaning of the term dimension. - A sphere (from Greek "sphaira", "globe, ball") is a perfectly round geometrical object in three-dimensional space that is the surface of a completely round ball, (viz., analogous to a circular object in two dimensions). - An arch is a curved structure that spans a space and may or may not support weight above it. Arch may be synonymous with vault, but a vault may be distinguished as a continuous arch forming a roof. Arches appeared as early as the 2nd millennium BC in Mesopotamian brick architecture, and their systematic use started with the Ancient Romans who were the first to apply the technique to a wide range of structures. - Latin (Latin: ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. The Latin alphabet is derived from the Etruscan and Greek alphabets. - A squinch in architecture is a construction filling in the upper angles of a square room so as to form a base to receive an octagonal or spherical dome. Another solution of this structural problem was provided by the pendentive. - A dome (from Latin: "domus") is an architectural element that resembles the hollow upper half of a sphere. The precise definition has been a matter of controversy. There are also a wide variety of forms and specialized terms to describe them. A dome can rest upon a rotunda or drum, and can be supported by columns or piers that transition to the dome through squinches or pendentives. A lantern may cover an oculus and may itself have another dome. - A pendentive is a constructive device permitting the placing of a circular dome over a square room or an elliptical dome over a rectangular room . The pendentives , which are triangular segments of a sphere , taper to points at the bottom and spread at the top to establish the continuous circular or elliptical base needed for the dome . In masonry the pendentives thus receive the weight of the dome , concentrating it at the four corners where it can be received by the piers beneath . Prior to the pendentive 's development , the device of corbelling or the use of the squinch in the corners of a room had been employed . Pendentives were commonly used in Orthodox , Renaissance , and Baroque churches , with a drum with windows often inserted between the pendentives and the dome . The first experimentation with pendentives was made in Roman dome construction beginning in the 2nd -- 3rd century AD , while full development of the form was achieved in the 6th - century Eastern Roman Hagia Sophia at Constantinople . After reading the paragraphs above, we are interested in knowing the entity with which 'pendentive' exhibits the relationship of 'subclass of'. Find the answer from the choices below. Choices: - alphabet - arch - architectural element - architecture - ball - branch - brick - column - construction - definition - device - dimension - dome - element - engineering - eye - forming - french - latin - line - masonry - mathematics - matter - member - metal - physics - plural - point - position - room - rotunda - section - solution - space - sphere - spread - square - stone - structural element - structure - support - top - variety - vault - wall
A:
vault