Definition: In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
Input: Context: Tumour cells alter the characteristics of the adjacent stroma to create a supportive microenvironment during cancer progression. In vitro and in vivo experiments were carried out to verify the role of stromal TGF-1 in reinforcing of the invasive potential in low invasive cancer.', 'Isolated NF or CAF was co-cultured with low invasive HSC-2 cells to evaluate whether stromal TGF-1 induced PDPN expression by Transwell invasion and influenced tumour growth in orthotopic xenografts.', 'Stimulation by TGF-1 promoted PDPN expression and Transwell invasion through SMAD signalling as well as activation of Src, P38 mitogen activated protein kinase and extracellular regulated kinase 1/2. PDPN induction was TRII-dependent. Tumour growth of HSC-2 OSCC in a mouse xenograft was intensified in the tumour CAF microenvironment.\Question: Is stromal transforming growth factor-beta 1 crucial for reinforcing the invasive potential of low invasive cancer?
Output:
Stromal TGF-1 signalling promoted PDPN expression in cancer cells, thereby enhancing tumour growth and leading to a more invasive phenotype.