Q:Information: - Athanasios Papoulis (1921 April 25, 2002) was a Greek-American engineer and applied mathematician. - Robert Lee Moore (November 14, 1882 October 4, 1974) was an American mathematician, known for his work in general topology and the Moore method of teaching university mathematics. - Oakwood is a town in Leon and Freestone counties in the U.S. state of Texas. The population was 510 at the 2010 census. It was founded in 1872 as a stop on the International Railroad. - Austin is the capital of the U.S. state of Texas and the seat of Travis County. It is the city in the U.S. and the in Texas. It is the fastest growing city in the United States and the second most populated capital city after Phoenix, Arizona. As of the U.S. Census Bureau's July 1, 2015 estimate, Austin has a population of 931,830. Located in in the foothills of Texas Hill Country, the city is home to numerous lakes, rivers, and waterways including Lady Bird Lake, Barton Springs, McKinney Falls, the Colorado River, Lake Travis, and Lake Walter E. Long. It is the cultural and economic center of the metropolitan area, which had an estimated population of 2,064,149 as of June 1, 2016. - A sphere (from Greek "sphaira", "globe, ball") is a perfectly round geometrical object in three-dimensional space that is the surface of a completely round ball, (viz., analogous to a circular object in two dimensions). - Arthur Norton Milgram (3 June 1912, in Philadelphia 30 January 1961) was an American mathematician. He made contributions in functional analysis, combinatorics, differential geometry, topology, partial differential equations, and Galois theory. Perhaps one of his more famous contributions is the LaxMilgram theorema theorem in functional analysis that is particularly applicable in the study of partial differential equations. In the third chapter of Emil Artin's book "Galois Theory", Milgram also discussed some applications of Galois theory. Milgram also contributed to graph theory, by co-authoring the article "Verallgemeinerung eines graphentheoretischen Satzes von Redei" with Tibor Gallai in 1960. - A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in his/her work, typically to solve mathematical problems. - The University of Pennsylvania (commonly known as Penn or UPenn) is a private, Ivy League university located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Incorporated as "The Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania", Penn is one of 14 founding members of the Association of American Universities and one of the nine original colonial colleges. - In physics and mathematics, the dimension of a mathematical space (or object) is informally defined as the minimum number of coordinates needed to specify any point within it. Thus a line has a dimension of one because only one coordinate is needed to specify a point on itfor example, the point at 5 on a number line. A surface such as a plane or the surface of a cylinder or sphere has a dimension of two because two coordinates are needed to specify a point on itfor example, both a latitude and longitude are required to locate a point on the surface of a sphere. The inside of a cube, a cylinder or a sphere is three-dimensional because three coordinates are needed to locate a point within these spaces. - Three-dimensional space (also: 3-space or, rarely, tri-dimensional space) is a geometric setting in which three values (called parameters) are required to determine the position of an element (i.e., point). This is the informal meaning of the term dimension. - R. H. Bing (October 20, 1914 in Oakwood, Texas April 28, 1986 in Austin, Texas) was an American mathematician who worked mainly in the areas of geometric topology and continuum theory. His father was named Rupert Henry, but Bing's mother thought that "Rupert Henry" was too British for Texas. She compromised by abbreviating it to R. H. Consequently, R. H. does not stand for a first or middle name. - In mathematics , a Kline sphere characterization , named after John Robert Kline , is a topological characterization of a two - dimensional sphere in terms of what sort of subset separates it . Its proof was one of the first notable accomplishments of R. H. Bing ; Bing gave an alternate proof using brick partitioning in his paper Complementary domains of continuous curves A simple closed curve in a two - dimensional sphere ( for instance , its equator ) separates the sphere into two pieces upon removal . If one removes a pair of points from a sphere , however , the remainder is connected . Kline 's sphere characterization states that the converse is true : If a nondegenerate locally connected metric continuum is separated by any simple closed curve but by no pair of points , then it is a two - dimensional sphere . - Mathematics (from Greek "mathma", knowledge, study, learning) is the study of topics such as quantity (numbers), structure, space, and change. There is a range of views among mathematicians and philosophers as to the exact scope and definition of mathematics. - In mathematics, geometric topology is the study of manifolds and maps between them, particularly embeddings of one manifold into another. - John Robert Kline (18911955) was a US-American Professor of Mathematics at the University of Pennsylvania from 1920 to 1955. A Ph.D. student of Robert Lee Moore, he was a Guggenheim Fellow in 1925, later Chairman of the Department of Mathematics from 1933 to 1954 and Thomas A. Scott Professor of Mathematics from 1941 to 1955. His doctoral students include Lida Barrett, Arthur Milgram, Athanasios Papoulis, Dudley Weldon Woodard, and Leo Zippin. After reading the paragraphs above, choose the best answer for the entity that related to 'kline sphere characterization' with the relationship of 'instance of'. Choices: - 25 - april - area - article - association - ball - capital - change - city - definition - department - globe - home - january - june - lake - league - line - mathematics - method - metropolitan - metropolitan area - mother - name - november - october - phoenix - physics - point - population - quantity - river - seat - space - sphere - state - student - study - surface - theorem - theory - three - town - university - work
A:
theorem