TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you will be shown a prompt from a judicial decision and multiple holding statements derived from citations following text in a legal decision. Holdings represent the governing legal rule when the law is applied to a particular set of facts. There are five answer choices for each citing text. The correct answer is the holding statement that corresponds to the citing text. You should write an incorrect option. Even though there exist multiple wrong answers, we only need a single wrong answer. There is a <HOLDING> token in the position of the citing text prompt where the holding statement was extracted.
PROBLEM: potentially to have lost contact with family, friends, or each other. But that consequence is not "serious harm" and warning of such a consequence is not a "threat" under the Trafficking Victims Protection Act. In applying the Act, we must distinguish between "Dimproper threats or coercion and permissible warnings of adverse but legitimate consequences." United States v. Bradley, 390 F.3d 145, 151 (1st Cir.2004), judgment vacated on other grounds, 545 U.S. 1101, 125 S.Ct. 2543, 162 L.Ed.2d 271 (2005); cf. Dann, 652 F.3d at 1170 (Act aims at serious trafficking and threats of dire consequences). This case involves the latter. A church is entitled to stop associating with someone who abandons it. Paul v. Watchtower Bible & Tract Soc'y of N.Y., Inc., 819 F.2d 875, 883 (9th Cir.1987) (<HOLDING>). A church may also warn that it will stop
Holding statements: (A) holding fourth amendment protects right to be free from arrest without probable cause (B) holding that the free exercise clause protects the practice of shunning explaining that when the members of a cjhurch no longer want to associate with someone who has abandoned them those members are free under the first amendment to make that choice (C) holding that shortterm and sporadic interference with free exercise rights does not violate the first amendment (D) holding that possession of marijuana is not protected by the free exercise clause of the first amendment (E) recognizing serious harm results when members of the legal profession engage in criminal acts which give rise to a lack of confidence by members of the public in those who are officers of the court

SOLUTION: holding fourth amendment protects right to be free from arrest without probable cause

PROBLEM: provider in the course of treatment. In cases involving successive tortfeasors whose separate causal contributions to the plaintiff's harm can be measured, the doctrine of joint and several liability applies only to the enhanced portion of the injury. See Keeton et al. 52, at 352 (discussing distinction between original tortfeasor's liability, which encompasses entire injury, and treating physician's liability, which extends only to negligent treatment); Restatement (Second) of Torts 433A cmt. c. 17. Even though the original tortfeasor may be held hable for both the original and the enhanced injury, the imposition of entire liability is only temporary. The original tortfeasor, whose duty is of a different character and who is not in pari delicto with a successive 35, 42 (1985) (<HOLDING>). Thus liability for the enhanced injury may be
Holding statements: (A) recognizing the right under federal maritime law to contribution or indemnity from another tortfeasor (B) holding that contribution will lie where no statute precludes recovery from the joint tortfeasor against whom contribution is sought (C) holding original tortfeasor had no right to indemnification because it was not an innocent party (D) recognizing a right to contribution (E) holding original tortfeasor had no right to indemnification because claim properly was for contribution

SOLUTION: recognizing the right under federal maritime law to contribution or indemnity from another tortfeasor

PROBLEM: could not rely upon such hearsay statements absent some minimal indicia of reliability. See United States v. Martinez, 413 F.3d 239, 244 (2d Cir. 2005). The argument fails because the requisite minimal indicia of reliability were provided by the specificity of the statements, the fact that those statements were sworn under penalty of perjury, and, more generally, by the evidence of Kinney's extensive embezzlement throughout the accounts of the Border Lodge Credit Union. See United States v. Ibanez, 924 F.2d 427, 429-30 (2d Cir. 1991) (observing that, where "sufficient indicia of reliability" are required to corroborate information presented at sentencing, affidavits "[may] themselves" be sufficient' to resolve disputes); United States v. Schwamborn, 542 Fed.Appx. 87, 88 (2d Cir. 2013) (<HOLDING>). Although Kinney argues that, insofar as
Holding statements: (A) holding that where defendant failed to object to the procedure utilized by the court in determining the amount of restitution at sentencing his challenge on appeal was unpreserved for appellate review (B) holding that trial court did not err (C) holding that because the rules of evidence including the rule against hearsay do not apply to sentencing hearings the district court did not err in relying on hearsay in ordering restitution (D) holding that under ibanez district court did not plainly err in relying on sworn affidavits alone for determining amount of claimants restitution (E) holding that the district court did not err in determining that inadvertent disclosure did not result in waiver

SOLUTION:
holding that where defendant failed to object to the procedure utilized by the court in determining the amount of restitution at sentencing his challenge on appeal was unpreserved for appellate review