Given an abstract of a paper, generate a title for this paper such that conveys the key focus of the paper.

Q: Abstract: This study evaluated quality of life in 78 patients with closed head injury (CHI) 2 to 4 years postinjury. Using both interview data and mean data from the Sickness Impact Profile questionnaire, impaired quality of life was observed in the areas of psychosocial functioning, social role functioning, leisure activities, and, to a lesser extent, physical functioning, during chronic phases of recovery. Relatives and close friends reported by means of the Katz Adjustment Scale that the CHI patients showed a series of negative behavioral symptoms 2 to 4 years postinjury. These data suggest that CHI patients may experience impaired quality of life in a number of domains well beyond the acute postinjury phases. An attempt was also made to compare patients' and relatives' reports of patient quality of life. Preliminary analyses indicated modest correspondence between relatives' and patients' ratings of some areas of postinjury dysfunction, including cognitive and behavioral slowing and social withdrawal.

A: Quality of life in patients 2 to 4 years after closed head injury.
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Q: Abstract: Eighty-four patients with haematuria were seen during 1976 and 1977. This symptom was investigated but no definite cause could be found. Five or more years later they were followed up. Although some patients had experienced further urological symptoms, none was found to have developed a malignancy in the genito-urinary tract. Possible causes of their bleeding are discussed.

A: A 5-year follow-up of undiagnosed haematuria.
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Q: Abstract: Cardiac output was measured 120 times in 27 critically ill patients using the thermodilution and transthoracic electrical impedance methods. Both the minimum and mean values for the distance between the inner electrodes, and a variety of values for the resistivity of blood (rho) were substituted in the Kubicek's empiric formula for calculating cardiac output by transthoracic electrical impedance. Using the mean distance between the inner electrodes and a rho-value of 150 ohm X cm gave the best agreement between the methods (mean difference 0.17 +/- 2.4 L/min). Ventilation alone or with positive end-expiratory pressure did not significantly affect the bias of the estimate, but both affected its precision when compared with measurements in spontaneously breathing patients (SD of mean difference 2.4 and 3.2 L/min, respectively, vs. 1.5 L/min). The pulmonary artery wedge pressure was significantly higher in patients with an abnormal diastolic impedance waveform (zero-wave), but there was no relationship between wedge pressure and base impedance per unit length between the measuring electrodes.

A:
Comparison of transthoracic electrical impedance and thermodilution methods for measuring cardiac output.
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