Question: Entomology (from Greek , "entomon" "insect"; and , "") is the scientific study of insects, a branch of zoology. In the past the term "insect" was more vague, and historically the definition of entomology included the study of terrestrial animals in other arthropod groups or other phyla, such as arachnids, myriapods, earthworms, land snails, and slugs. This wider meaning may still be encountered in informal use.

Like several of the other fields that are categorized within zoology, entomology is a taxon-based category; any form of scientific study in which there is a focus on insect-related inquiries is, by definition, entomology. Entomology therefore overlaps with a cross-section of topics as diverse as molecular genetics, behavior, biomechanics, biochemistry, systematics, physiology, developmental biology, ecology, morphology, and paleontology.

At some 1.3 million described species, insects account for more than two-thirds of all known organisms, date back some 400 million years, and have many kinds of interactions with humans and other forms of life on earth.

Entomology is rooted in nearly all human cultures from prehistoric times, primarily in the context of agriculture (especially biological control and beekeeping), but scientific study began only as recently as the 16th century.

William Kirby is widely considered as the father of Entomology. In collaboration with William Spence, he published a definitive entomological encyclopedia, "Introduction to Entomology", regarded as the subject's foundational text. He also helped to found the Royal Entomological Society in London in 1833, one of the earliest such societies in the world; earlier antecedents, such as the Aurelian society date back to the 1740s. 1. What is entemology?
2. Of what?
3. What is it a sub-discipline of?
4. Who founded the science?
5. Did he have any partners?
6. Who?
7. What book was the basis of the discipline?
8. Did Kirby have any other acheivements?
9. What?
10. Which one?
11. In what year?
12. Were there any similar groups earlier?
13. Like what?
14. Is entomology similar to other sciences?
15. How so?
16. What defines it?
17. How many different kinds of bugs are there?
18. What proportion of known creatures is that?
19. Are insects ancient?
20. How old are they? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers: 1. a scientific study
2. insects
3. zoology
4. William Kirby
5. Yes
6. William Spence
7. Introduction to Entomology
8. Yes
9. Helped to found a society
10. Royal Entomological Society
11. 1833
12. Yes
13. the Aurelian society
14. Yes
15. It's a taxon-based category
16. a focus on insect-related inquiries
17. Around 1.3 million described species
18. two-thirds
19. yes
20. around 400 million years old

Question: Jakarta (CNN)An Indonesian court has rejected a bid by two Australian drug smugglers -- members of the "Bali Nine" -- to challenge their planned executions.

Andrew Chan and Myuran Sukumaran are awaiting death by firing squad on Indonesia's "execution island" for their role in a failed 2005 heroin smuggling plot.

A panel of three judges in the state administrative court in Jakarta on Monday confirmed an earlier ruling that it lacked the jurisdiction to hear challenges against President Joko Widodo's refusal to grant clemency.

Lawyers for the pair had argued that Widodo had failed to individually consider their cases.

One of the condemned men's lawyers, Leonard Aritonang, said he was disappointed with the rulings but would respect the court's decision.

He said his team would file a further review, asking the Constitutional Court to explain Widodo's obligations regarding granting clemency.

"I'm hoping the government still respects... any ongoing proceedings," he said.

Tony Spontana, a spokesman for the Indonesian attorney general's office, told CNN that the state administrative court's ruling was "a relief."

"We had predicted it will be rejected because clemency is a prerogative right of the President, as head of the government, not an object of a suit at the administrative court," he said in a message.

"With this decision, it's a step closer towards the scheduled execution."

Australia has repeatedly appealed for clemency for the pair and has unsuccessfully proposed a prisoner swap with Indonesia as a way of avoiding their deaths.

Indonesia has long taken a hard line on drug smugglers, and since assuming office in October, Widodo has made it clear he intends to be tough on those found guilty of such crimes. 1. What does Widodo plan to do while in office?
2. What office does he hold?
3. Of what?
4. What request has he denied?
5. for who?
6. What is their sentence?
7. How will this be carried out?
8. by what method?
9. where?
10. Are they from Indonesia?
11. Where are they from?
12. What kind of criminals are they?
13. What drug were they dealing in?
14. Are they part of a group?
15. Which one?
16. Which country is trying to get them released?
17. What are they willing to trade for them? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers: 1. Be tough on the guilty
2. President
3. Indonesia
4. One to grant clemency
5. Andrew Chan and Myuran Sukumaran
6. To be put to death
7. Execution
8. Firing squad
9. Execution island
10. No
11. Australia
12. Drug smugglers
13. Heroin
14. Yes
15. Bali Nine
16. Australia
17. Other prisoners

Question: "I can't see clearly, because I don't wear my glasses today." We always hear people saying something like this. Glasses are very important to many people. Do you know how they were invented and developed? Glasses took a long time to develop into what you can find in the glasses store today. The Chinese first used colored glasses as fashion. They thought that those glasses had magic, but they didn't think that glasses could help eyes to see clearly. In 1262, the inventor, Roger Bacon, discovered the amazing function of lenses , and he thought that glasses could be used to help people to see. Twenty years later, in Florence, Italy, the inventor, Alessandro di Spina, made the first pair of glasses that could help people to see. Although these glasses worked, scientists didn't understand how glasses helped eyes to see. They thought that eyes sent out light onto whatever a person was looking at, and then the light came back to the eyes. Johannes Kepler finally found out how glasses worked. Inventors continued to improve glasses. In 1784, Ben Franklin created glasses that had bifocal lenses. Many years later, in 1827, George Airy made circle-shaped glasses to correct _ , an eye problem that stops the eyes from seeing things clearly. 1. When did Ben Franklin create glasses
2. what kind
3. what kind did the chinese use?
4. what did they use them for? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers:
1. 1784
2. bifocal
3. colored glasses
4. fashion