Materialism is a form of philosophical monism which holds that matter is the fundamental substance in nature, and that all phenomena, including mental phenomena and consciousness, are identical with material interactions.

Materialism is closely related to physicalism, the view that all that exists is ultimately physical. Philosophical physicalism has evolved from materialism with the discoveries of the physical sciences to incorporate more sophisticated notions of physicality than mere ordinary matter, such as: spacetime, physical energies and forces, dark matter, and so on. Thus the term "physicalism" is preferred over "materialism" by some, while others use the terms as if they are synonymous.

Materialism belongs to the class of monist ontology. As such, it is different from ontological theories based on dualism or pluralism. For singular explanations of the phenomenal reality, materialism would be in contrast to idealism, neutral monism, and spiritualism.

Despite the large number of philosophical schools and subtle nuances between many, all philosophies are said to fall into one of two primary categories, which are defined in contrast to each other: Idealism, and materialism.[a] The basic proposition of these two categories pertains to the nature of reality, and the primary distinction between them is the way they answer two fundamental questions: "what does reality consist of?" and "how does it originate?" To idealists, spirit or mind or the objects of mind (ideas) are primary, and matter secondary. To materialists, matter is primary, and mind or spirit or ideas are secondary, the product of matter acting upon matter. What are the answers to this following set of questions: 1. What is a form of philosphical monisn?
2. are Materialism and physicalism related?
3. What class does Materialism belong to?
4. What does that mean?
5. what term is preferred?
6. to all?
7. What are ontological theories based on?
8. philosophies fall into how many categories?
9. which are?
10. What is matter to matarielists?
11. what about mind and spirit?
12. What would be secondary to them?
13. What does the basic proposition of these two categories pretain to?
14. What would materialism be in contrast to
15. anything else?
Answer: 1. Materialism
2. Yes
3. monist ontology
4. form of philosophical monism
5. the term "physicalism"
6. No
7. it is different from ontological theories based on dualism or pluralism
8. two
9. Idealism, and materialism
10. fundamental substance in nature
11. primary
12. matter is primary, and mind or spirit or ideas are secondar
13. nature of reality
14. Idealism
15. Materialism is closely related to physicalism

A naughty boy was sitting in math class on Tuesday. There was a broken sink in the back of the room full of water. There was also a kitty on the open window. A loud plane was flying outside and scared the kitty inside. The naughty boy walked up to the kitty and picked it up. What do you think he did next? He threw the kitty into the water in the sink! The kitty didn't last long and ran away from the sink faster than lightning! The other children laughed and laughed, but the teacher didn't think it was funny. She didn't let the naughty boy play on the playground for a week! But the boy didn't care. The class thought he was funny, and so did he. But he would have to get smarter because the sink was fixed soon. The naughty boy thought the teacher was a witch who used a magic kiss to fix it. He had no idea that her husband fixed it the next day. What are the answers to this following set of questions: 1. Where was the boy sitting?
2. When?
3. And what kind of person was he?
4. What was in the back of the room?
5. And what was in it?
6. And what else was in the room?
7. Where?
8. What was outside?
9. And how'd the cat feel about that?
10. So what'd the boy do?
11. And then?
12. Did the cat like it?
13. So what'd it do?
14. From where?
15. And how?
16. What'd the other kids do?
17. Did the teacher think it was funny?
18. So did she punish him?
19. How?
20. Who fixed the sink eventually?
Answer: 1. in math class
2. on Tuesday
3. naughty
4. a broken sink
5. water
6. a kitty
7. on the open window
8. A loud plane
9. scared
10. walked up to the kitty and picked it up
11. He threw the kitty into the water in the sink
12. No
13. ran away
14. the sink
15. faster than lightning
16. laughed and laughed
17. No
18. Yes
19. She didn't let the naughty boy play on the playground for a week
20. The teacher's husband

CHAPTER VIII

THE FIRST TRIAL BY FIRE

On the following day, while Owen sat eating his morning meal with a thankful heart, a messenger arrived saying that the king would receive him whenever it pleased him to come. He answered that he would be with him before noon, for already he had learned that among natives one loses little by delay. A great man, they think, is rich in time, and hurries only to wait upon his superiors.

At the appointed hour a guard came to lead him to the royal house, and thither Owen went, followed by John bearing a Bible. Umsuka was seated beneath a reed roof supported by poles and open on all sides; behind him stood councillors and attendants, and by him were Nodwengo the prince, and Hokosa, his mouth and prophet. Although the day was hot, he wore a kaross or rug of wild catskins, and his face showed that the effects of the poisoned draught were still upon him. At the approach of Owen he rose with something of an effort, and, shaking him by the hand, thanked him for his life, calling him "doctor of doctors."

"Tell me, Messenger," he added, "how it was that you were able to cure me, and who were in the plot to kill me? There must have been more than one," and he rolled his eyes round with angry suspicion.

"King," answered Owen, "if I knew anything of this matter, the Power that wrote it on my mind has wiped it out again, or, at the least, has forbidden me to speak of its secret. I saved you, it is enough; for the rest, the past is the past, and I come to deal with the present and the future." What are the answers to this following set of questions: 1. Who did Owen save?
2. What does he want Owen to tell him?
3. Does Owen tell him?
4. Why not?
5. What does he want to focus on?
6. What should be forgotten?
7. What was Owen doing when he got a message?
8. What time of day was it?
9. How did he get the message?
10. When does the king want to see him?
11. When did he decide to go?
12. Why would someone rush around?
13. What makes someone wealthy?
14. Where was the meeting held?
15. Did he find the way himself?
16. How then?
17. What kind of weather were they having?
18. What is the king's name?
19. What made him sick?
20. How does he refer to Owen?
Answer:
1. the King
2. how he cured him
3. no
4. it was wiped out of his mind
5. the present and the future
6. the past
7. eating
8. morning
9. from a messenger
10. whenever it pleased him
11. before noon
12. to wait upon his superiors
13. time
14. the royal house
15. no
16. a guard lead him
17. hot
18. Umsuka
19. poison
20. as doctor of doctors