instruction:
Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
question:
Construction of electrochemical impedance sensors by the self-assembly technique has become a promising strategy for the 'label-free' detection of protein-ligand interactions. However, previous impedance sensors are devoid of an inherent electrochemical signal, which limits the standardization of the sensors for protein recognition in a reproducible manner.", "We designed and synthesized an anthraquinonyl glycoside (AG) where the anthraquinone (AQ) moiety can bind to the surface of a graphene-based working electrode while the glycoside serving as a ligand for lectin. By measuring the inherent voltammetric signal of AQ, the glycosides decorated on the working electrode could be simply quantified to obtain electrodes with a unified signal window. Subsequently, impedance analysis showed that the 'standardized' electrodes gave a reproducible electrochemical response to a selective lectin with no signal variation in the presence of unselective proteins.
answer:
Does anthraquinonyl glycoside facilitate the standardization of graphene electrodes for the impedance detection of lectins?

question:
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of enamel matrix derivative on mRNA expression of markers related to periodontal healing.', 'Murine osteoprogenitor cells (MC3T3-E1) were grown for 12 and 16 days in mineralization media and stimulated with 100 microg/mL Emdogain (EMD). Cell cultures treated with 2% and 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) served as control. The mRNA expression of bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteopontin (OPN), and runt-related protein 2 (Runx2) was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. One-way analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis.', 'Stimulation with EMD significantly (P < .01) enhanced mRNA expression of BSP up to 13.9-fold and of OPN up to 3.2-fold at day 16 compared with the 2% FCS control. The expression of mRNA for transcription factor Runx2 was not significantly changed.
answer:
Does stimulation of osteoblasts with Emdogain increase the expression of specific mineralization markers?

question:
To determine how anterior advancement of the mandible (ADM) affects spontaneous breathing through the nasal route in healthy human volunteers sedated with intravenous midazolam.', 'In four subjects who exhibited nasal breathing during midazolam sedation (intravenous dose: 0.09+/-0.02 mg x kg(-1), mean +/- SD), we measured respiratory rate (RR), peak nasal inspiratory airflow rate (V(nIpeak)) peak nasal expiratory airflow rate (V(nEpeak), duty ratio (Ti/Ttot) and nasal resistance (Rn) before and after ADM. Nasal resistance was calculated by dividing the difference between nasal mask and oropharyngeal pressure by airflow rate at peak nasal inspiratory airflow.', 'The RR, V(nIpeak), and V(nEpeak) increased following ADM (P<0.001, respectively). On the contrary, Ti/Ttot decreased after ADM (P<0.001). Consequently, ADM decreased Rn from 30.4+/-40.8 to 5.0+/-5.6 (cm H2O x l(-1) x sec(-1)) (mean +/- SD) (P<0.001). In these four subjects, no respiratory airflow was observed through the oral route before and after ADM.
answer:
Does advancement of the mandible facilitate nasal breathing in human subjects sedated with midazolam?