Given the question: Information: - Management (or managing) is the administration of an organization, whether it be a business, a not-for-profit organization, or government body. Management includes the activities of setting the strategy of an organization and coordinating the efforts of its employees or volunteers to accomplish its objectives through the application of available resources, such as financial, natural, technological, and human resources. The term "management" may also refer to the people who manage an organization. - A currency (from , "in circulation", from ) in the most specific use of the word refers to money in any form when in actual use or circulation as a medium of exchange, especially circulating banknotes and coins. A more general definition is that a currency is a "system of money" (monetary units) in common use, especially in a nation. Under this definition, US dollars, British pounds, Australian dollars, and European euros are examples of currency. These various currencies are recognized stores of value and are traded between nations in foreign exchange markets, which determine the relative values of the different currencies. Currencies in this sense are defined by governments, and each type has limited boundaries of acceptance. - </div> War is a state of armed conflict between societies. It is generally characterized by extreme aggression, destruction, and mortality, using regular or irregular military forces. An absence of war is usually called "peace". Warfare refers to the common activities and characteristics of types of war, or of wars in general. Total war is warfare that is not restricted to purely legitimate military targets, and can result in massive civilian or other non-combatant casualties. - The University of British Columbia, commonly referred to as UBC, is a public research university with campuses and facilities in British Columbia, Canada. Founded in 1908 as the McGill University College of British Columbia, the university became independent and adopted its current name in 1915. It is British Columbia's oldest institution of higher learning and has over 60,000 students at its Vancouver and Okanagan Valley campuses. Most students are enrolled in five larger faculties: Arts, Science, Medicine, Applied Science and the Sauder School of Business. UBC's Vancouver campus is within the University Endowment Lands, about west of Downtown Vancouver. The Okanagan campus, acquired in 2005, is in Kelowna. - Paris (French: ) is the capital and most populous city of France. It has an area of and a population in 2013 of 2,229,621 within its administrative limits. The city is both a commune and department, and forms the centre and headquarters of the Ile-de-France, or Paris Region, which has an area of and a population in 2014 of 12,005,077, comprising 18.2 percent of the population of France. - Pantheon-Sorbonne University, also known as Paris 1, is a public research university in Paris, France. It was established in 1971 as one of the main inheritors of the historical University of Paris (La Sorbonne) after the division of the world's second oldest academic institution. Pantheon-Sorbonne's headquarters is located on the Place du Pantheon in the Latin Quarter, an area in the 5th and the 6th arrondissements of Paris. The university occupies part of the Sorbonne and over 25 buildings in Paris, such as the Centre Pierre Mendes France, the Maison des Sciences Economiques. It is now a founding member of the alliance called "Hautes Etudes-Sorbonne-Arts et Metiers". - Philippe Le Billon is a geographer, author and Professor at the University of British Columbia, and a researcher at the Liu Institute for Global Issues. He earned an MBA at the Pantheon-Sorbonne University in Paris and a doctorate at the University of Oxford. He has authored or co-authored several books on the economy and politics of war, and the role of corruption in war. - An economy (From Greek "household" and o "manage") is an area of the production, distribution, or trade, and consumption of goods and services by different agents in a given geographical location. Understood in its broadest sense, 'The economy is defined as a social domain that emphasizes the practices, discourses, and material expressions associated with the production, use and management of resources'. Economic agents can be individuals, businesses, organizations, or governments. Economic transactions occur when two parties agree to the value or price of the transacted good or service, commonly expressed in a certain currency, but monetary transactions are only a small part of the economic domain. - In economics, products can be classified into goods and services. Goods are items that are tangible, such as books, pens, salt, shoes, hats and folders. Services are activities provided by other people, such as doctors, lawn care workers, dentists, barbers, waiters, or online servers. According to economic theory, consumption of goods and services is assumed to provide utility (satisfaction) to the consumer or end-user, although businesses also consume goods and services in the course of producing other goods and services. - Trade, or commerce, involves the transfer of goods and/or services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. A network that allows trade is called a market. - A war economy is the set of contingencies undertaken by a modern state to mobilize its economy for war production . Philippe Le Billon describes a war economy as a '' system of producing , mobilizing and allocating resources to sustain the violence . '' Some measures taken include the increasing of tax rates as well as the introduction of resource allocation programs . Needless to say , every country approaches the reconfiguration of its economy in a different way . Many states increase the degree of planning in their economies during wars ; in many cases this extends to rationing , and in some cases to conscription for civil defenses , such as the Women 's Land Army and Bevin Boys in the United Kingdom in World War II. President Franklin D. Roosevelt said if the Axis Powers win , then '' we would have to convert ourselves permanently into a militaristic power on the basis of war economy . '' During total war situations , certain buildings and positions are often seen as important targets by combatants . The Union blockade , Union General William T. Sherman 's March to the Sea during the American Civil War , and the strategic bombing of enemy cities and factories during World War II are all examples of total war . Concerning the side of aggregate demand , this concept has been linked to the concept of '' military Keynesianism '' , in which the government 's military budget stabilizes business cycles and fluctuations and / or is used to fight recessions . On the supply side , it has been observed that wars sometimes have the effect of accelerating progress of technology to such an extent that an economy is greatly strengthened after the war , especially if it has avoided the war - related destruction . This was the case , for example , with the United States in World War I and World War II. Some economists ( such as Seymour Melman ) argue , however , that the wasteful nature of much of military spending eventually can hurt technological progress . - The University of Oxford (informally Oxford University or simply Oxford) is a collegiate research university located in Oxford, England, United Kingdom. While having no known date of foundation, there is evidence of teaching as far back as 1096, making it the oldest university in the English-speaking world and the world's second-oldest university in continuous operation. It grew rapidly from 1167 when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris. After disputes between students and Oxford townsfolk in 1209, some academics fled northeast to Cambridge where they established what became the University of Cambridge. The two "ancient universities" are frequently jointly referred to as "Oxbridge". What entity does 'war economy' has the relation 'subclass of' with?
The answer is:
economics