In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

[Q]: This quantity can be defined as minus the temperature times the derivative of entropy with respect to particle number. The Gibbs factor is a generalization of the Boltzmann factor that takes this quantity into account. Usually defined as the derivative of the Helmholtz free energy with respect to particle number, FTP name this quantity which governs particle flow, as particles flow from systems with higher values to systems with lower values.
[A]: Science

[Q]: Protrusions of this substance in the spine are called Schmorl's nodes, and Tietze syndrome occurs when this is inflammed. Its fibro type can be found in symphyses, while the pinna is composed of its elastic type. The hyaline type of this substance is covered by the perichondrium. (*) Intervertebral discs are made of this substance, which heals slowly due to its lack of blood vessels. Chondrocytes are cells found in this substance, and during endochondral ossification, it is replaced with bone. Patients with osteoarthritis have a loss of this substance, which normally helps lubricate joints. For ten points, name this connective tissue which makes up the human nose and ear.
[A]: Science

[Q]: When challenged by Utgard-Loki, this mythological being could not empty a horn that was connected to the sea, nor could he defeat Old Age in a wrestling match. To rescue Loki, he defeated Geirrod with the help of the magical belt of the giantess Grid. At Ragnarok, the foot of Hrungnir was lifted off his neck by his son Magni, and he would later die from poison after killing Jormundgand. The father of Thrud with his wife Sif, this is, FTP, which thunder god of Norse mythology who often used a weapon which always returned to his hand, Mjollnir
[A]:
Social Science