In this task, you will be shown a prompt from a judicial decision and multiple holding statements derived from citations following text in a legal decision. Holdings represent the governing legal rule when the law is applied to a particular set of facts. There are five answer choices for each citing text. The correct answer is the holding statement that corresponds to the citing text. You should write an incorrect option. Even though there exist multiple wrong answers, we only need a single wrong answer. There is a <HOLDING> token in the position of the citing text prompt where the holding statement was extracted.

Ex Input:
a threat to water quality because they do not introduce any invasive species from outside the Great Lakes. EPA has properly rejected this argument, noting that Lakers can spread or more rapidly distribute invasive species already present, in the Great Lakes. Id. at 501. 16 . Federal regulation permits such limits to be expressed narratively if the calculation of numeric limits is "infeasible." 40 C.F.R. 122.44(k)(3). 17 . EPA also claims general prohibitions can be BMPs, citing 40 C.F.R. 122.2, but does not offer an example of something as general as the WQBEL standard being found to be a BMP. As discussed herein, the EPA's charac-terizationis inconsistent with regulations that require WQBELs to "ensure compliance." 40 C.F.R. 122.4(d); see Auer, 519 U.S. at 461, 117 S.Ct. 905 (<HOLDING>). 18 . EPA's response is that petitioners'
Holding statements: (A) holding interpretation may not be inconsistent with regulation (B) holding that where a regulation could not fairly be read to have spoken at all on an issue an agencys proposed interpretation of the regulation as it pertained to that issue was not a reasonable interpretation of the regulation (C) holding that courts should defer to agencys interpretation of its own regulations if not plainly erroneous or inconsistent with the regulation (D) holding that a secretarys interpretation of a departments regulation is controlling unless plainly erroneous or inconsistent with the regulation (E) holding that deference is owed to an agencys interpretation of its own categorical exclusion regulations so long as that interpretation is not plainly erroneous or inconsistent with the regulation

Ex Output:
holding that where a regulation could not fairly be read to have spoken at all on an issue an agencys proposed interpretation of the regulation as it pertained to that issue was not a reasonable interpretation of the regulation

Ex Input:
2. Although the substance of the inquiry remains the same, the Supreme Court has counseled that the question whether a defendant can show a violation of his own Fourth Amendment rights "is more properly placed within the purview of substantive Fourth Amendment law than within that of standing." Rakas v. Illinois, 439 U.S. 128, 140, 99 S.Ct. 421, 58 L.Ed.2d 387 (1978). With that said, we do not quarrel with the district court's analysis on this point. Several distinguished jurists continue to use the "standing" terminology as useful shorthand. See, e.g., United States v. Romain, 393 F.3d 63, 68 (1st Cir.2004) (Selya, J.) (acknowledging after Rakas that the term "standing" "is imprecise," but adopting the usage "[f]or simplicity's sake"). But, regardless of terminolo 1 (10th Cir.2004) (<HOLDING>). As we observe below, the conclusion that
Holding statements: (A) holding that prisoners do not have a reasonable expectation of privacy in their cells (B) holding a person who is present at anothers home with permission simply for the purpose of consummating a business transaction does not have a reasonable expectation of privacy there (C) holding that for purposes of federal constitutional law a person does not possess a reasonable expectation of privacy with respect to trash discarded outside the home (D) holding that the constitutional protection of an individuals reasonable expectation of privacy in his or her home does not extend to a place of business (E) holding a person at anothers residence solely for the purpose of engaging in drug related activity has no legitimate expectation of privacy in the residence

Ex Output:
holding that prisoners do not have a reasonable expectation of privacy in their cells

Ex Input:
on the holding in Provident Bank. First, the argument against a finding of fiduciary status was submitted in that case by a plaintiff who was seeking to overturn a finding that his state law claim could be removed to federal court. In other words, the posture of the party submitting the argument was not that of a bank or some other funds' custodian, and it is plausible to think that the argument was not fully briefed to the appellate court from the perspective of a party in a position similar to that of National City herein. Second, other circuit courts which have considered the argument from the perspective of the funds custodian have ruled that a mere custodian of ERISA plan funds is not a fiduciary thereto. See Beddall v. State Street Bank & Trust Co., 137 F.3d 12, 20 (1st Cir.1998) (<HOLDING>); Arizona State Carpenters Pension Trust Fund
Holding statements: (A) holding greatwest bars a plan fiduciary seeking enforcement of a subrogation clause from settlement funds already received but does not bar a lien on specific funds yet to be received (B) holding that professionals who advised the plan were not fiduciaries because they had no decision making authority over the plan or plan assets also noting that the power to act for the plan is essential to status as a fiduciary (C) holding that a bank which does no more than hold plan funds and generate reports is not a fiduciary (D) holding a bank is a fiduciary under the disposition clause where it wrongfully disbursed the plans funds (E) holding no fiduciary breach where plaintiffs argued plan should only offer institutional funds

Ex Output:
holding greatwest bars a plan fiduciary seeking enforcement of a subrogation clause from settlement funds already received but does not bar a lien on specific funds yet to be received