In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.

Ex Input:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Justice for Victims of Fraud Act of
2016''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

The Congress finds the following:
(1) The Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection found that
Wells Fargo management implemented sales incentives, including
an incentive-compensation program, in part to increase the
number of banking products and services that its employees sold
to its customers.
(2) The Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection found that
Wells Fargo employees engaged in improper sales practices to
satisfy sales goals under Wells Fargo's incentive compensation
program, including opening as many as 1,534,280 checking
accounts and 565,443 credit card accounts using consumers'
information without their knowledge or consent between May 2011
and July 2015.
(3) Wells Fargo successfully claimed in Jabbari v. Wells
Fargo that customers had signed away their rights to hold Wells
Fargo accountable in court for claims of fraud because those
customers were bound to a forced arbitration clause for their
legitimate accounts.
(4) After Wells Fargo publicly entered a settlement with
Federal regulators for the opening of thousands of unauthorized
customer accounts, Wells Fargo claimed in Mitchell et. al. v.
Wells Fargo et. al. that customers' fraud claims must continue
to be forced into arbitration.
(5) Several courts have determined that despite claims of
fraud over unauthorized accounts opened without customer
knowledge or consent, those customers are still bound by
contracts forcing those claims into arbitration based on the
courts' interpretation of the Federal Arbitration Act.
(6) The Federal Arbitration Act (now codified as chapter 1
of title 9, United States Code) was intended to apply to
disputes between commercial entities of generally similar
sophistication and bargaining power, but a series of decisions
by the Supreme Court of the United States have interpreted the
Federal Arbitration Act as applicable to claims of fraud.
(7) Consumers have no meaningful choice whether to submit
their claims to arbitration and are typically unaware that they
have given up their rights to file claims in court.

SEC. 3. ARBITRATION OF CONSUMER DISPUTES RELATED TO CREDIT CARD
ACCOUNTS.

Chapter 2 of the Truth in Lending Act (15 U.S.C. 1631 et seq.) is
amended by adding at the end the following (and the table of contents
for such chapter is conformed accordingly):
''Sec. 140B. Validity and enforceability
''(a) Definitions.--In this section--
''(1) the term 'covered dispute' means a dispute that is
not subject to a final judgment by a court; and
''(2) the term 'predispute arbitration agreement' means any
agreement between a person and a consumer providing for
arbitration of any future dispute between the parties.
''(b) Validity and Enforceability.--No predispute arbitration
agreement shall be valid or enforceable in a covered dispute that is
related to a credit card that was not issued in response to a request
or application for that credit card account.
''(c) Applicability.--The applicability of this section to a
predispute arbitration agreement shall be determined by a State or
Federal court of competent jurisdiction.''.

SEC. 4. ARBITRATION OF CONSUMER DISPUTES RELATED TO COVERED ACCOUNTS.

The Electronic Fund Transfer Act (15 U.S.C. 1693 et seq.) is
amended by inserting after section 920 (15 U.S.C. 1693o-2) the
following:

''SEC. 920A. VALIDITY AND ENFORCEABILITY.

''(a) Definitions.--In this section--
''(1) the term 'covered account'--
''(A) means a demand deposit, savings deposit, or
other asset account (other than an occasional or
incidental credit balance in an open end credit plan as
defined in section 103(i)), as described in regulations
of the Bureau, established primarily for personal,
family, or household purposes, including demand
accounts, time accounts, negotiable order of withdrawal
accounts, and share draft accounts; and
''(B) does not include an account held by a
financial institution pursuant to a bona fide trust
agreement;
''(2) the term 'covered dispute' means a dispute that is
not subject to a final judgment by a court; and
''(3) the term 'predispute arbitration agreement' means any
agreement between a financial institution and a consumer
providing for arbitration of any future dispute between the
parties.
''(b) Validity and Enforceability.--No predispute arbitration
agreement shall be valid or enforceable in a covered dispute that is
related to a covered account that was not issued in response to a
request or application for that covered account.
''(c) Applicability.--The applicability of this section to a
predispute arbitration agreement shall be determined by a State or
Federal court of competent jurisdiction.''.

SEC. 5. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.

Nothing in the amendments made by this Act shall be construed--
(1) to authorize the imposition of a requirement to submit
a dispute to arbitration; or
(2) to restrict any court from ruling that a requirement to
submit a dispute to arbitration is invalid or unenforceable.

Ex Output:
Justice for Victims of Fraud Act of 2016 This bill amends the Truth in Lending Act and the Electronic Fund Transfer Act to prohibit predispute arbitration agreements with consumers (i.e., agreements to arbitrate any future disputes between parties instead of pursuing the claims in court) from being valid or enforceable in disputes related to credit card accounts or personal bank accounts that are not subject to a final judgment by a court if the credit card or bank account was not issued in response to a request or application for that account. The bill excludes from this prohibition accounts held by a financial institution pursuant to a bona fide trust agreement.

Ex Input:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; AMENDMENT OF 1986 CODE.

(a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ''Individual
Retirement Account Equity and Enhancement Act of 1994''.
(b) Amendment of 1986 Code.--Except as otherwise expressly
provided, whenever in this Act an amendment or repeal is expressed in
terms of an amendment to, or repeal of, a section or other provision,
the reference shall be considered to be made to a section or other
provision of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

SEC. 2. HOMEMAKERS ELIGIBLE FOR FULL IRA DEDUCTION.

(a) Spousal IRA Computed on Basis of Compensation of Both
Spouses.--Subsection (c) of section 219 (relating to special rules for
certain married individuals) is amended to read as follows:
''(c) Special Rules for Certain Married Individuals.--
''(1) In general.--In the case of an individual to whom
this paragraph applies for the taxable year, the limitation of
paragraph (1) of subsection (b) shall be equal to the lesser
of--
''(A) $2,000, or
''(B) the sum of--
''(i) the compensation includible in such
individual's gross income for the taxable year,
plus
''(ii) the compensation includible in the
gross income of such individual's spouse for
the taxable year reduced by the amount
allowable as a deduction under subsection (a)
to such spouse for such taxable year.
''(2) Individuals to whom paragraph (1) applies.--Paragraph
(1) shall apply to any individual if--
''(A) such individual files a joint return for the
taxable year, and
''(B) the amount of compensation (if any)
includible in such individual's gross income for the
taxable year is less than the compensation includible
in the gross income of such individual's spouse for the
taxable year.''
(b) Conforming Amendments.--
(1) Paragraph (2) of section 219(f) (relating to other
definitions and special rules) is amended by striking
''subsections (b) and (c)'' and inserting ''subsection (b)''.
(2) Section 408(d)(5) is amended by striking ''$2,250'' and
inserting ''$2,000''.
(c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall
apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1994.

SEC. 3. DISTRIBUTIONS FROM CERTAIN PLANS MAY BE USED WITHOUT PENALTY TO
PURCHASE FIRST HOMES, TO PAY HIGHER EDUCATION OR
QUALIFIED LONG-TERM CARE EXPENSES, OR BY THE LONG-TERM
UNEMPLOYED.

(a) In General.--Paragraph (2) of section 72(t) (relating to
exceptions to 10-percent additional tax on early distributions from
qualified retirement plans) is amended by adding at the end the
following new subparagraph:
''(D) Distributions from certain plans for first home
purchases or educational or long-term care expenses.--
Distributions to an individual from an individual retirement
plan, or from amounts attributable to employer contributions
made pursuant to elective deferrals described in subparagraph
(A) or (C) of section 402(g)(3) or section 501(c)(18)(D)(iii)--
''(i) which are qualified first-time homebuyer
distributions (as defined in paragraph (6)), or
''(ii) to the extent such distributions do not
exceed the sum of the qualified higher education
expenses (as defined in paragraph (7)) and the
qualified long-term care expenses (as defined in
paragraph (8)) of the taxpayer for the taxable year.''
(b) Definitions.--Section 72(t) is amended by adding at the end the
following new paragraphs:
''(6) Qualified first-time homebuyer distributions.--For
purposes of paragraph (2)(D)(i)--
''(A) In general.--The term 'qualified first-time
homebuyer distribution' means any payment or
distribution received by an individual to the extent
such payment or distribution is used by the individual
before the close of the 60th day after the day on which
such payment or distribution is received to pay
qualified acquisition costs with respect to a principal
residence of a first-time homebuyer who is such
individual, the spouse of such individual, or the child
or grandchild of such individual or the individual's
spouse.
''(B) Qualified acquisition costs.--For purposes of
this paragraph, the term 'qualified acquisition costs'
means the costs of acquiring, constructing, or
reconstructing a residence. Such term includes any
usual or reasonable settlement, financing, or other
closing costs.
''(C) First-time homebuyer; other definitions.--For
purposes of this paragraph--
''(i) First-time homebuyer.--The term
'first-time homebuyer' means any individual
if--
''(I) such individual (and if
married, such individual's spouse) had
no present ownership interest in a
principal residence during the 3-year
period ending on the date of
acquisition of the principal residence
to which this paragraph applies, and
''(II) subsection (a)(6), (h), or
(k) of section 1034 did not suspend the
running of any period of time specified
in section 1034 with respect to such
individual on the day before the date
the distribution is applied pursuant to
subparagraph (A)(ii).
''(ii) Principal residence.--The term
'principal residence' has the same meaning as
when used in section 1034.
''(iii) Date of acquisition.--The term
'date of acquisition' means the date--
''(I) on which a binding contract
to acquire the principal residence to
which subparagraph (A) applies is
entered into, or
''(II) on which construction or
reconstruction of such a principal
residence is commenced.
''(D) Special rule where delay in acquisition.--If
any distribution from any individual retirement plan
fails to meet the requirements of subparagraph (A)
solely by reason of a delay or cancellation of the
purchase or construction of the residence, the amount
of the distribution may be contributed to an individual
retirement plan as provided in section 408(d)(3)(A)(i)
(determined by substituting '120 days' for '60 days' in
such section), except that--
''(i) section 408(d)(3)(B) shall not be
applied to such contribution, and
''(ii) such amount shall not be taken into
account in determining whether section
408(d)(3)(A)(i) applies to any other amount.
''(7) Qualified higher education expenses.--For purposes of
paragraph (2)(D)(ii)--
''(A) In general.--The term 'qualified higher
education expenses' means tuition, fees, books,
supplies, and equipment required for the enrollment or
attendance of--
''(i) the taxpayer,
''(ii) the taxpayer's spouse, or
''(iii) the child (as defined in section
151(c)(3)) or grandchild of the taxpayer or the
taxpayer's spouse,
at an eligible educational institution (as defined in
section 135(c)(3)).
''(B) Coordination with savings bond provisions.--
The amount of qualified higher education expenses for
any taxable year shall be reduced by any amount
excludable from gross income under section 135.
''(8) Qualified long-term care expenses.--For purposes of
paragraph (2)(D)(ii)--
''(A) In general.--The term 'qualified long-term
care expenses' means amounts paid or incurred for
qualified long-term care services, including amounts
for insurance covering such services.
''(B) Qualified long-term care services.--For
purposes of subparagraph (A)--
''(i) In general.--The term 'qualified
long-term care services' means necessary
diagnostic, preventive, therapeutic,
rehabilitative, and maintenance (including
personal care) services--
''(I) which are required by an
individual during any period during
which such individual is a functionally
impaired individual,
''(II) which have as their primary
purpose the provision of needed
assistance with 1 or more activities of
daily living which a functionally
impaired individual is certified as
being unable to perform under clause
(ii)(I), and
''(III) which are provided pursuant
to a continuing plan of care prescribed
by a licensed health care practitioner
(other than a relative of such
individual).
''(ii) Functionally impaired individual.--
''(I) In general.--The term
'functionally impaired individual'
means any individual who is certified
by a licensed health care practitioner
(other than a relative of such
individual) as being unable to perform,
without substantial assistance from
another individual (including
assistance involving verbal reminding,
physical cueing, or substantial
supervision), at least 3 activities of
daily living described in clause (iii).
''(II) Special rule for home health
care services.--In the case of services
which are provided during any period
during which an individual is residing
within the individual's home (whether
or not the services are provided within
the home), subclause (I) shall be
applied by substituting '2' for '3'.
For purposes of this subclause, a
nursing home or similar facility shall
not be treated as a home.
''(iii) Activities of daily living.--Each
of the following is an activity of daily
living:
''(I) Eating.
''(II) Transferring.
''(III) Toileting.
''(IV) Dressing.
''(V) Bathing.
''(C) Licensed health care practitioner.--For
purposes of subparagraph (B)--
''(i) In general.--The term 'licensed
health care practitioner' means--
''(I) a physician or registered
professional nurse,
''(II) a qualified community care
case manager (as defined in clause
(ii)), or
''(III) any other individual who
meets such requirements as may be
prescribed by the Secretary after
consultation with the Secretary of
Health and Human Services.
''(ii) Qualified community care case
manager.--The term 'qualified community care
case manager' means an individual or entity
which--
''(I) has experience or has been
trained in providing case management
services and in preparing individual
care plans;
''(II) has experience in assessing
individuals to determine their
functional and cognitive impairment;
''(III) is not a relative of the
individual receiving case management
services; and
''(IV) meets such requirements as
may be prescribed by the Secretary
after consultation with the Secretary
of Health and Human Services.
''(D) Relative.--For purposes of this paragraph,
the term 'relative' means an individual bearing a
relationship to another individual which is described
in paragraphs (1) through (8) of section 152(a).''
(c) Penalty-Free Distributions for Certain Unemployed
Individuals.--Paragraph (2) of section 72(t) is amended by adding at
the end the following new subparagraph:
''(E) Distributions to unemployed individuals.--A
distribution from an individual retirement plan to an
individual after separation from employment, if--
''(i) such individual has received
unemployment compensation for 12 consecutive
weeks under any Federal or State unemployment
compensation law by reason of such separation,
and
''(ii) such distributions are made during
any taxable year during which such unemployment
compensation is paid or the succeeding taxable
year.''
(d) Conforming Amendments.--
(1) Section 401(k)(2)(B)(i) is amended by striking ''or''
at the end of subclause (III), by striking ''and'' at the end
of subclause (IV) and inserting ''or'', and by inserting after
subclause (IV) the following new subclause:
''(V) the date on which qualified
first-time homebuyer distributions (as
defined in section 72(t)(6)), or
distributions for qualified higher
education expenses (as defined in
section 72(t)(7)), or for qualified
long-term care expenses (as defined in
section 72(t)(18)), are made, and''.
(2) Section 403(b)(11) is amended by striking ''or'' at the
end of subparagraph (A), by striking the period at the end of
subparagraph (B) and inserting '', or'', and by inserting after
subparagraph (B) the following new subparagraph:
''(C) for qualified first-time homebuyer
distributions (as defined in section 72(t)(6)) or for
the payment of qualified higher education expenses (as
defined in section 72(t)(7)) or qualified long-term
care expenses (as defined in section 72(t)(8)).''
(e) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall
apply to payments and distributions after the date of the enactment of
this Act.

Ex Output:
Individual Retirement Account Equity and Enhancement Act of 1994 - Amends the Internal Revenue Code to allow certain spouses a deduction for contributions to an individual retirement account.
Allows distribution from certain retirement plans without penalty to purchase first homes, pay higher education expenses and qualified long-term care expenses, and assist certain unemployed individuals.

Ex Input:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''At-Risk Youth Medicaid Protection
Act of 2014''.

SEC. 2. AT-RISK YOUTH MEDICAID PROTECTION.

(a) In General.--Section 1902 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C.
1396a) is amended--
(1) in subsection (a)--
(A) by striking ''and'' at the end of paragraph
(80);
(B) by striking the period at the end of paragraph
(81) and inserting ''; and''; and
(C) by inserting after paragraph (81) the following
new paragraph:
''(82) provide that--
''(A) the State shall not terminate (but may
suspend) enrollment under a State plan for medical
assistance for an individual who is an eligible
juvenile (as defined in subsection (ll)(2)) because the
juvenile is an inmate of a public institution (as
defined in subsection (ll)(3));
''(B) the State shall automatically restore
enrollment for such medical assistance to such an
individual upon the individual's release from any such
public institution and shall take all necessary steps
to ensure the enrollment is effective immediately upon
release from such institution, unless (and until such
date as) there is a determination that the individual
no longer meets the eligibility requirements for such
medical assistance; and
''(C) the State shall process any application for
medical assistance submitted by, or on behalf of, a
juvenile who is an inmate of a public institution
notwithstanding that the juvenile is such an inmate.'';
and
(2) by adding at the end the following new subsection:
''(ll) Juvenile; Eligible Juvenile; Public Institution.--For
purposes of subsection (a)(82) and this subsection:
''(1) Juvenile.--The term 'juvenile' means an individual
who is--
''(A) under 19 years of age (or such higher age as
the State has elected under section 475(8)(B)(iii)); or
''(B) is described in subsection (a)(10)(A)(i)(IX).
''(2) Eligible juvenile.--The term 'eligible juvenile'
means a juvenile who is an inmate of a public institution and
was enrolled for medical assistance under the State plan
immediately before becoming an inmate of such a public
institution or who becomes eligible to enroll for such medical
assistance while an inmate of a public institution.
''(3) Inmate of a public institution.--The term 'inmate of
a public institution' has the meaning given such term for
purposes of applying the subdivision (A) following paragraph
(29) of section 1905(a), taking into account the exception in
such subdivision for a patient of a medical institution.''.
(b) No Change in Exclusion From Medical Assistance for Inmates of
Public Institutions.--Nothing in this section shall be construed as
changing the exclusion from medical assistance under the subdivision
(A) following paragraph (29) of section 1905(a) of the Social Security
Act (42 U.S.C. 1396d(a)), including any applicable restrictions on a
State submitting claims for Federal financial participation under title
XIX of such Act for such assistance.
(c) Effective Date.--
(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), the
amendments made by subsection (a) shall apply to eligibility
and enrollment of juveniles who become inmates of public
institutions on or after the date that is 1 year after the date
of the enactment of this Act.
(2) Rule for changes requiring state legislation.--In the
case of a State plan for medical assistance under title XIX of
the Social Security Act which the Secretary of Health and Human
Services determines requires State legislation (other than
legislation appropriating funds) in order for the plan to meet
the additional requirements imposed by the amendments made by
subsection (a), the State plan shall not be regarded as failing
to comply with the requirements of such title solely on the
basis of its failure to meet these additional requirements
before the first day of the first calendar quarter beginning
after the close of the first regular session of the State
legislature that begins after the date of the enactment of this
Act. For purposes of the previous sentence, in the case of a
State that has a 2-year legislative session, each year of such
session shall be deemed to be a separate regular session of the
State legislature.

Ex Output:
At-Risk Youth Medicaid Protection Act of 2014 - Amends title XIX (Medicaid) of the Social Security Act to require state Medicaid plans to: (1) prohibit the state from terminating (but allow it to suspend) enrollment under the state plan for medical assistance for an eligible juvenile because he or she is an inmate of a public institution; (2) require the state to restore enrollment automatically to such an individual upon his or her release, and take all steps necessary to ensure the enrollment is effective immediately upon release, unless the individual no longer meets eligibility requirements; and (3) require the state to process any application for medical assistance submitted by, or on behalf of, a juvenile inmate notwithstanding that he or she is an inmate.