INPUT ARTICLE: Article: To understand syllogisms, you need to familiarize yourself with several terms often used when discussing formal logic. At the most basic level, a syllogism is the simplest sequence of a combination of logical premises that lead to a conclusion. A premise is a proposition that is used as evidence in an argument. A conclusion is asserted by the logical result of an argument based on the relationship of the stated premises. Consider the conclusion of a syllogism to be the "thesis" of an argument. In other words, the conclusion is the point proven by the premises. Recall that a syllogism includes a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion. Jumping into an example: "All humans are mortal" might function as a major premise, and would stand as a generally accepted fact. "David Foster Wallace is a human" might follow as a minor premise. Notice that the minor premise is more specific, and immediately relates to the major premise. If each of the prior statements are considered valid, the logical conclusion would be "David Foster Wallace is mortal." Both the minor and major premises of a syllogism must have one term in common with the conclusion. The term that is in both the major premise and the conclusion is the major term, which forms the predicate of the conclusion in other words, it states something about the subject of the conclusion. The term shared by the minor premise and the conclusion is the minor term, which will be the subject of the conclusion. Consider the example: "All birds are animals. Turkey vultures are bird. All turkey vultures are animals." Here, "animal" is the major term, as it is in both the major premise and is the predicate of the conclusion. "Turkey vulture" is the minor term, as it is in the minor premise and is the subject of the conclusion. Notice that there is also a categorical term shared by the two premises, in this case "bird." This is called the middle term, and is of immense importance in determining the figure of the syllogism, which is addressed in a later step. If you're preparing for a logical reasoning test, or simply want to better understand syllogisms in general, note that most syllogism you will encounter will be categorical. This means that they will rely on reasoning akin to: "If ____ are/are not [members of a category], then ____ are/are not [also members of that category/a different category]" Another way to think of the logical sequence employed by categorical syllogisms is that they all employ the logical sequence of "Some/all/no _____ is/isn't ______." There are four different types of propositions that can be made by each of the three parts of a syllogism. Think of how they differ in terms of how they each distribute or don't distribute any categorical term. Consider a categorical terms to be "distributed" only if all individual members of that category are accounted for in the term. For example, in the premise "all men are mortal", the term "men" is distributed, as every member belonging to that category is accounted for in this case, as mortal. Note how each of the four different types of propositions distributes (or does not distribute) the terms: In "All X are Y" propositions, the subject (X) is distributed. In "No X are Y" propositions, both the subject (X) and the predicate (Y) are distributed. In "Some X are Y" propositions, neither the subject nor the predicate are distributed. In "Some X are not Y" propositions, the predicate (Y) is distributed. Enthymemes, aside from having another really hard to pronounce name, are simply compressed syllogisms. Another way to think of an enthymeme is as a one-sentence syllogism, which may help you recognize both how and why syllogisms are a convenient reasoning device. In specific terms, enthymemes disregard the major premise and combine the minor premise with the conclusion. For instance, consider the syllogism: "All dogs are canine. Lola is a dog. Lola is a canine." The enthymeme of this same logical sequence would be: "Lola is a canine because she's a dog." Another example of an enthymeme is "David Foster Wallace is mortal because he is human."

SUMMARY: Recognize how a syllogism makes an argument. Determine the three parts of a syllogism. Determine the minor and major terms. Look for categorical terms. Understand the distribution of terms in a syllogism. Identify an enthymeme.

INPUT ARTICLE: Article: Twitter accounts like @BreakingCeleb, @HarveyLevinTMZ, @KariMozena, and @JRadloff provide their followers with insider gossip and celebrity news. Many of these accounts are run by reporters or correspondents who regularly attend celebrity events, parties, and premieres. They will often tweet up to the minute celebrity news and give followers a backstage look at celebrities. Log into your Twitter account and search for these accounts. Then, follow them so their tweets show up on your Twitter newsfeed. Apps like E! Online, WhoSay, Pulse: Celebrity News, FirstLook, and Gossip News provide up to the minute celebrity gossip straight to your smartphone. Search for these apps in the App Store and download them on your phone. Sign up for notifications from the apps so you are notified of any recent celebrity news or gossip. If you want to stay up to date on gossip in the music world, get the MTV or Rolling Stone app. If you're interested in film or television gossip, download the IMDb Buzz app. The Soup app is a good one if you like gossip about general pop culture. Many of these apps are free or cost less than $5 USD to download. YouTube channels like That's Nathan, Viral-Fever, and QueerWerks all provide current celebrity gossip and news to viewers. Subscribe to these gossip channels so you can get access to the latest videos right away. You will need a YouTube account to subscribe to these gossip channels. Many YouTube channels will focus on specific aspects of celebrity gossip, such as QueerWerks, which focuses on LGBTQ celebrities and related gossip. Pick channels that appeal to your specific interests within celebrity gossip and news. Instagram accounts like The Shade Room monitors and collects celebrity social media activities for their followers. Follow celebrity gossip accounts like The Shade Room on Instagram to stay in the loop on the social media activity of your favorite celebrities. You will need an Instagram account to follow celebrity gossip accounts on Instagram. Look up your favorite celebrities on social media to see if they have a Facebook page, or a Twitter or Instagram account. Many celebrities are active on their social media accounts and can provide up-to-date gossip that is often more reliable and detailed than gossip websites. Follow your favorite celebrities so you can stay on top of what they are up to day to day. You will need to have a social media account on Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram to follow celebrities. Their posts will then show up on your newsfeed or timeline.

SUMMARY:
Follow celebrity gossip accounts on Twitter. Download a celebrity gossip app on your smartphone to stay in the loop. Watch YouTube channels that focus on celebrity gossip. Look for celebrity gossip accounts on Instagram. Follow celebrities on social media.