Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Context: To distinguish whether the improvement of hepatic encephalopathy by benzodiazepine receptor antagonists is mediated by their antagonistic or their inverse agonistic properties, the neurobehavioral effects of a variety of benzodiazepine receptor ligands in rats with thioacetamide-induced acute liver failure were tested.', 'The neural inhibitory effect of the benzodiazepine agonist flunitrazepam and its reversibility by the "pure" antagonist Ro 14-7437 were examined in thioacetamide-treated rats and controls. The effects of Ro 14-7437, of the partial inverse agonist Ro 15-4513, and the inverse agonist DMCM in rats with hepatic encephalopathy grade II/III were tested. Encephalopathic rats were pretreated with Ro 14-7437 or vehicle and then injected with Ro 15-4513.', 'Thioacetamide-treated rats were more sensitive to flunitrazepam than controls. In both groups, its effect was completely antagonized with Ro 14-7437. Encephalopathy was significantly improved by Ro 15-4513, although Ro 14-7437 and vehicle had no effect. DMCM worsened the condition of encephalopathic rats but had no effect in controls. Pretreatment with Ro 14-7437 abolished the beneficial effects of Ro 15-4513.
Answer: In rats with thioacetamide-induced liver failure, endogenous benzodiazepines do not precipitate hepatic encephalopathy. The amelioration of hepatic encephalopathy is mediated by benzodiazepine receptor ligands with both antagonistic and inverse agonistic properties.
Is hepatic encephalopathy in rats with thioacetamide-induced acute liver failure mediated by endogenous benzodiazepines?

Context: We have previously shown that blood transfusion in the first 24 hours is an independent predictor of mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and increased ICU length of stay in the acute trauma setting when controlling for Injury Severity Score, Glasgow Coma Scale score, and age. Indices of shock such as base deficit, serum lactate level, and admission hemodynamic status (systolic blood pressure, heart rate) and admission hematocrit were considered potential confounding variables in that study. The objectives of this study were to evaluate admission anemia and blood transfusion within the first 24 hours as independent predictors of mortality, ICU admission, ICU length of stay (LOS), and hospital LOS, with serum lactate level, base deficit, and shock index (heart rate/systolic blood pressure) as covariates.', 'Prospective data were collected on 15,534 patients admitted to a Level I trauma center over a 3-year period (1998-2000) and stratified by age, gender, race, Glasgow Coma Scale score, and Injury Severity Score. Admission anemia and blood transfusion were assessed as independent predictors of mortality, ICU admission, ICU LOS, and hospital LOS by logistic regression analysis, with base deficit, serum lactate, and shock index as covariates.', 'Blood transfusion was a strong independent predictor of mortality (odds ratio [OR], 2.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.82-4.40; p < 0.001), ICU admission (OR, 3.27; 95% CI, 2.69-3.99; p < 0.001), ICU LOS (p < 0.001), and hospital LOS (Coef, 4.37; 95% CI, 2.79-5.94; p < 0.001) when stratified by indices of shock (base deficit, serum lactate, shock index, and anemia). Patients who underwent blood transfusion were almost three times more likely to die and greater than three times more likely to be admitted to the ICU. Admission anemia (hematocrit < 36%) was an independent predictor of ICU admission (p = 0.008), ICU LOS (p = 0.012), and hospital LOS (p < 0.001).
Answer: Blood transfusion is confirmed as an independent predictor of mortality, ICU admission, ICU LOS, and hospital LOS in trauma after controlling for severity of shock by admission base deficit, lactate, shock index, and anemia. The use of other hemoglobin-based oxygen-carrying resuscitation fluids (such as human or bovine hemoglobin substitutes) in the acute postinjury period warrants further investigation.
Is blood transfusion , independent of shock severity , associated with worse outcome in trauma?

Context: Systemic mastocytosis is a clonal myeloproliferative neoplasm associated with constitutional symptoms from mast cell mediated chemical and cytokine release. According to the literature, Ruxolitinib, a JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor, has been shown to reduce symptoms related to proinflammatory cytokine release in other myeloproliferative neoplasms.', 'Here we present a case using Ruxolitinib for disabling constitutional symptoms despite complete bone marrow response in a patient with aggressive systemic mastocytosis. Assessment tools used to monitor symptoms in previously published Ruxolitinib trials were adopted to track symptom improvement and quality of life.
Answer: Ruxolitinib significantly improved symptoms and quality of life in our patient with systemic mastocytosis.
Does ruxolitinib improve symptoms and quality of life in a patient with systemic mastocytosis?