Answer the following question given this paragraph: Ionic bonding. Ionic bonds result from electrostatic attractions between positively and negatively charged side chains of amino acids. For example, the mutual attraction between an aspartic acid carboxylate ion and a lysine ammonium ion helps to maintain a particular folded area of a protein (part (a) of http://catalog. flatworldknowledge. com/bookhub/reader/2547 - gob-ch18_s04_s01_f05). Saylor URL: http://www. saylor. org/books. Q: Ionic bonds are what kind of attraction between ions? A:

OPTIONS:
- kinetic
- magnetic
- nuclear
- electrostatic

Answer: electrostatic

Problem: OPTIONS:
- Corona
- Radiative Zone
- Chromosphere
- photosphere
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The photosphere is the visible surface of the Sun ( Figure below ). It's the part that we see shining. Surprisingly, the photosphere is also one of the coolest layers of the Sun. It is only about 6000 degrees C. Q: The visible surface of the sun is called what? A:
Answer: photosphere

Problem:OPTIONS:
- algae
- kelp
- coral
- plankton

Answer the following question given this paragraph: When you think of life in the ocean, do you think of fish? Actually, fish are not the most common life forms in the ocean. Plankton are the most common. Plankton make up one of three major groups of marine life. The other two groups are nekton and benthos. Figure below shows the three groups. Q: What is the most common life form in the ocean? A:
****
A: plankton

Answer the following question given this paragraph: There are four main ways that molecules can pass through a phospholipid membrane. The first way requires no energy input by the cell and is called simple diffusion. This type of transport includes passive diffusion and osmosis. No assistance by a transport is necessary in simple diffusion. Facilitated diffusion, does involve the assistance of transport proteins. The third way, called active transport , requires that the cell uses energy to pull in or pump out certain molecules and ions. Active transport involves proteins known as pumps. The fourth way is through vesicle transport , in which large molecules are moved across the membrane in bubble-like sacks that are made from pieces of the membrane. Vesicular transport includes exocytosis and endocytosis. Q: Vesicular transport includes exocytosis and what? A:
OPTIONS:
- phagocytosis
- metastasis
- meiosis
- endocytosis
endocytosis

Answer the following question given this paragraph: The general term peptide refers to an amino acid chain of unspecified length. However, chains of about 50 amino acids or more are usually called proteins or polypeptides. In its physiologically active form, a protein may be composed of one or more polypeptide chains. For peptides and proteins to be physiologically active, it is not enough that they incorporate certain amounts of specific amino acids. The order, or sequence, in which the amino acids are connected is also of critical importance. Bradykinin is a nine-amino acid peptide produced in the blood that has the following amino acid sequence: arg-pro-pro-gly-phe-ser-pro-phe-arg This peptide lowers blood pressure, stimulates smooth muscle tissue, increases capillary permeability, and causes pain. When the order of amino acids in bradykinin is reversed, arg-phe-pro-ser-phe-gly-pro-pro-arg the peptide resulting from this synthesis shows none of the activity of bradykinin. Saylor URL: http://www. saylor. org/books. Q: The general term peptide refers to an amino acid chain of what? A:
OPTIONS:
- large length
- incomplete length
- small length
- unspecified length

Answer: unspecified length

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Consider petroleum as an example. Oil companies explore for petroleum in areas where they think it might be. When they find it, they must determine how much is there. They must also know how hard it will be to get. If there's enough to make it worthwhile, they will decide to go for it. To extract petroleum, companies they must build huge rigs, like the one in Figure below . An oil rig drills deep into the ground and pumps the oil to the surface. The oil is then transported to a refinery. At the refinery, the oil is heated. It will then separate into different products, such as gasoline and motor oil. Finally, the oil products are transported to gas stations, stores, and industries. At every step, energy is used. For every five barrels of oil we use, it takes at least one barrel to get the oil. Q: What is used during every step of oil production, from exploration to distribution? A:
OPTIONS:
- coal
- robots
- water
- energy
output:
energy