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Recognize any unusual injuries. Observe the child's general appearance. Notice if the child has difficulty walking or sitting. Talk to a pediatrician right away if you suspect child abuse. Keep the child away from their suspected abuser.

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Infants and toddlers are busy exploring their world, and it's completely normal for them to get a scratch or bruise in the process. However, if a child has numerous or severe injuries, or wounds that do not look like normal bumps and scratches, these can be a sign of abuse. You may see things like marks, bites, scratches, or burns that appear to have been made with an object. You may also see injuries that are unusual for infants or toddlers, like black eyes. You may see fading bruises or wounds after an absence from daycare or preschool. If you ask the parent or caregiver about infant's or toddler's injuries, they may offer an excuse that seems fake or unlikely, such as "Tim got that burn because he built a campfire in the backyard." Keep in mind that some forms of physical discipline (mild spanking, for instance) is not necessarily abuse. Infants and toddlers who are abused may also be neglected. For example, their clothes might not be clean or fit properly, or the child may be consistently dirty and unkempt. A child that has been sexually abused may experience some physical trauma as a result. Infants and toddlers may be unable or unwilling to tell you if they have suffered this abuse. However, you may see other signs, like trouble walking or sitting. Beyond helping with the medical side of abuse injuries, a pediatrician can help you contact the police and child protective services to start an investigation. They may tell you to take your child to the hospital, where doctors can make an initial diagnosis, do tests, and give them treatment. They might also refer you to a special clinic or a child psychologist to help your child handle and understand their emotions. Make sure to show the authorities any evidence of the abuse you may have, such as pictures of injuries, attendance records, or statements from the child. Until the authorities have been notified and an investigation is under way, make sure that the child is kept safe from their possible abuser. Don't threaten the suspected abuser or try to take the law into your own hands.