Q: Steam engines are external combustion engines, where the working fluid is separate from the combustion products. Non-combustion heat sources such as solar power, nuclear power or geothermal energy may be used. The ideal thermodynamic cycle used to analyze this process is called the Rankine cycle. In the cycle, water is heated and transforms into steam within a boiler operating at a high pressure. When expanded through pistons or turbines, mechanical work is done. The reduced-pressure steam is then condensed and pumped back into the boiler.

The first commercially successful true engine, in that it could generate power and transmit it to a machine, was the atmospheric engine, invented by Thomas Newcomen around 1712. It was an improvement over Savery's steam pump, using a piston as proposed by Papin. Newcomen's engine was relatively inefficient, and in most cases was used for pumping water. It worked by creating a partial vacuum by condensing steam under a piston within a cylinder. It was employed for draining mine workings at depths hitherto impossible, and also for providing a reusable water supply for driving waterwheels at factories sited away from a suitable "head". Water that had passed over the wheel was pumped back up into a storage reservoir above the wheel.

Answer the following questions:
1. What is a true engine?
2. What does it mean to be a "true engine"?
3. Who made the first successful one?
4. Was that in the 19th century?
5. When?
6. Was it any better than the previous steam pump?
7. What made it better?
8. Whose idea was that?
9. What was this engine used for mostly?
10. Where was it used?
11. Anywhere else?
12. Was it an efficient engine?
13. What kind of engine would a steam engine be classified as?
14. Is the fluid in the same compartment as the combustible ingredients?
15. Could a steam engine work with nuclear power?
16. What about energy from the sun?
17. How about from the moon?
18. What is the perfect thermodynamic cycle called?
19. What happens to the water in this cycle?
20. Does it change form?
A: 1. atmospheric engine
2. it could generate power and transmit it to a machine
3. Thomas Newcomen
4. no
5. around 1712
6. yes
7. used a piston
8. Papin
9. pumping water
10. mine workings
11. factories
12. no
13. external combustion engines
14. no
15. yes
16. yes
17. unknown
18. Rankine cycle
19. water is heated
20. yes
Q: (CNN) -- Paris St Germain have completed the signing of Barcelona's Brazilian left-back Maxwell on a three-and-a-half year contract for an undisclosed fee.

The 30-year-old finalized his move on Thursday after passing a medical and agreeing personal terms with the big-spending French league leaders.

Maxwell, who has never made a full international appearance for his country, joined Barcelona from Inter Milan in July 2009, and played 57 La Liga matches for the club without scoring a goal.

Who are football's top January transfer targets?

In his two full seasons with the Catalan giants, Maxwell collected a remarkable 10 trophies; three Spanish Super Cups, two European Super Cups, two League titles, two Club World Cups and one Champions League.

However, he struggled to command a regular place in the Barcelona side, with compatriot Adriano and Frenchman Eric Abidal often selected ahead of him.

PSG sporting director Leonardo told reporters: "We're thrilled, he is a player I have always liked and who plays in the same position that I used to play in -- we have something in common."

Maxwell himself added: "The main motivation for me to come here was the interest that PSG showed in me. The ambition the club has for the future also persuaded me to join."

Paris St Germain, who appointed Italian Carlo Ancelotti as their new coach late last year and are boosted by funds from their cash-rich Qatari owners, are currently three points clear at the top of the French table.

Answer the following questions:
1. What sport is the article about?
2. And who is the player?
3. how old is he?
4. What nationality is he?
5. What team did he just sign to?
6. And where was he before?
7. How many trophies does he have?
8. What team did he leave in 2009?
9. Who is the new coach?
10. And who is the owner?
A: 1. Football.
2. Paris St Germain.
3. 30.
4. Brazilian
5. Barcelona.
6. Catalan
7. 10
8. Inter Milan
9. Carlo Ancelotti.
10. Qatari owners.
Q: CHAPTER II.

TROUBLE.

As Caleb walked along by the side of Raymond, and came upon the bridge, he was seen both by his grandmother, who happened to be standing at the door, and also at the same instant, by the two boys, Dwight and David, who were just then coming home from school. Dwight, seeing Caleb walking along so sadly, his clothes and hair thoroughly drenched, set up a shout, and ran towards him over the bridge. David was of a more quiet and sober turn, and he followed more slowly, but with a face full of surprise and curiosity.

Madam Rachel, too, perceived that her little grandson had been in the brook, and she said, "Can it be possible that he has disobeyed?" Then, again, the next thought was, "Well, if he has, he has been punished for it pretty severely, and so I will treat him kindly."

David and Dwight came eagerly up, with exclamations, and questions without number. This made poor Caleb feel worse and worse--he wanted to get home as soon as possible, and he could not tell the boys all the story there; and presently Raymond, finding that he could not get by them very well, took him up in his arms, and carried him towards the house, David and Dwight following behind. Caleb expected that his grandmother would think him very much to blame, and so, as he came near enough to speak to her, he raised his head from Raymond's shoulder, and began to say,

Answer the following questions:
1. Where was Caleb coming from?
2. Who was he walking with?
3. Where were they when he was spotted?
4. Who saw him?
5. Anyone else?
6. Was he told not to go to the brook?
7. Did his grandmather intend to punish him?
8. How did she decided he needed to be treated?
9. Were Caleb's clothes dry?
10. How did he feel?
11. Was he eager to get anywhere?
12. Where?
13. Did he run?
14. How did he get home?
15. Was anyone else with them?
16. Was Caleb scared that he would be in trouble?
17. Did his grandmother believe that he had suffered natural consequences?
18. Did she feel they were minor?
19. Where had David and Dwight come from when they spotted Caleb?
A:
1. The brook
2. Raymond
3. The bridge
4. His grandmother
5. Dwight and David
6. Yes
7. Probably not
8. kindly
9. No
10. He was sad.
11. Yes
12. Home
13. no
14. Raymond carried him.
15. David and Dwight followed behind.
16. Yes
17. Yes
18. WNo
19. School