In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.

[Q]: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''American Family Act of 2017''.

SEC. 2. ESTABLISHMENT OF FULLY REFUNDABLE CHILD TAX CREDIT.

(a) Elimination of Existing Child Tax Credit.--Subpart A of part IV
of subchapter A of chapter 1 of subtitle A of the Internal Revenue Code
of 1986 is amended by striking section 24.
(b) Establishment of Fully Refundable Child Tax Credit.--Subpart C
of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 of subtitle A of such Code is
amended by inserting after section 36B the following new section:

''SEC. 36C. CHILD TAX CREDIT.

''(a) Allowance of Credit.--There shall be allowed as a credit
against the tax imposed by this chapter for the taxable year an amount
equal to the sum of--
''(1) with respect to each qualifying child of the taxpayer
who has attained 6 years of age before the close of such
taxable year and for which the taxpayer is allowed a deduction
under section 151, an amount equal to $3,000, and
''(2) with respect to each qualifying child of the taxpayer
who has not attained 6 years of age before the close of such
taxable year and for which the taxpayer is allowed a deduction
under section 151, an amount equal to 120 percent of the dollar
amount in paragraph (1).
''(b) Limitation.--
''(1) In general.--The amount of the credit allowable under
subsection (a) shall be reduced (but not below zero) by the
applicable amount for each $1,000 (or fraction thereof) by
which the taxpayer's modified adjusted gross income exceeds the
threshold amount. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the
term 'modified adjusted gross income' means adjusted gross
income increased by any amount excluded from gross income under
section 911, 931, or 933.
''(2) Threshold amount.--
''(A) In general.--For purposes of paragraph (1),
the term 'threshold amount' means--
''(i) $110,000 in the case of a joint
return,
''(ii) $75,000 in the case of an individual
who is not married, and
''(iii) $55,000 in the case of a married
individual filing a separate return.
''(B) Marital status.--For purposes of this
paragraph, marital status shall be determined under
section 7703.
''(3) Applicable amount.--For purposes of paragraph (1),
the term 'applicable amount' means an amount equal to the
quotient of--
''(A) the amount of the credit allowable under
subsection (a), as determined without regard to this
subsection, divided by
''(B) an amount equal to the product of--
''(i) $20, multiplied by
''(ii) the total number of qualifying
children of the taxpayer.
''(c) Qualifying Child.--
''(1) In general.--In this section, the term 'qualifying
child' means a qualifying child of the taxpayer (as defined in
section 152(c)) who has not attained 19 years of age.
''(2) Exception for certain non-citizens.--The term
'qualifying child' shall not include any individual who would
not be a dependent if subparagraph (A) of section 152(b)(3)
were applied without regard to all that follows 'resident of
the United States'.
''(d) Inflation Adjustment.--
''(1) In general.--In the case of any taxable year
beginning after 2017, the $3,000 amount in subsection (a)(1)
shall be increased by an amount equal to--
''(A) such dollar amount, multiplied by
''(B) the cost of living adjustment determined
under section 1(f)(3) for the calendar year in which
the taxable year begins determined by substituting
'calendar year 2016' for 'calendar year 1992' in
subparagraph (B) thereof.
''(2) Rounding.--If any increase determined under paragraph
(1) is not a multiple of $50, such increase shall be rounded to
the nearest multiple of $50.
''(e) Identification Requirements.--
''(1) Qualifying child identification requirement.--No
credit shall be allowed under this section to a taxpayer with
respect to any qualifying child unless the taxpayer includes
the name and taxpayer identification number of such qualifying
child on the return of tax for the taxable year and such
taxpayer identification number was issued on or before the due
date for filing such return.
''(2) Taxpayer identification requirement.--No credit shall
be allowed under this section if the identifying number of the
taxpayer was issued after the due date for filing the return
for the taxable year.
''(f) Taxable Year Must Be Full Taxable Year.--Except in the case
of a taxable year closed by reason of the death of the taxpayer, no
credit shall be allowable under this section in the case of a taxable
year covering a period of less than 12 months.
''(g) Restrictions on Taxpayers Who Improperly Claimed Credit in
Prior Year.--
''(1) Taxpayers making prior fraudulent or reckless
claims.--
''(A) In general.--No credit shall be allowed under
this section for any taxable year in the disallowance
period.
''(B) Disallowance period.--For purposes of
subparagraph (A), the disallowance period is--
''(i) the period of 10 taxable years after
the most recent taxable year for which there
was a final determination that the taxpayer's
claim of credit under this section was due to
fraud, and
''(ii) the period of 2 taxable years after
the most recent taxable year for which there
was a final determination that the taxpayer's
claim of credit under this section was due to
reckless or intentional disregard of rules and
regulations (but not due to fraud).
''(2) Taxpayers making improper prior claims.--In the case
of a taxpayer who is denied credit under this section for any
taxable year as a result of the deficiency procedures under
subchapter B of chapter 63, no credit shall be allowed under
this section for any subsequent taxable year unless the
taxpayer provides such information as the Secretary may require
to demonstrate eligibility for such credit.
''(h) Reconciliation of Credit and Advance Credit.--
''(1) In general.--The amount of the credit allowed under
this section for any taxable year shall be reduced (but not
below zero) by the aggregate amount of any advance payments of
such credit under section 7527A for such taxable year.
''(2) Excess advance payments.--If the aggregate amount of
advance payments under section 7527A for the taxable year
exceed the amount of the credit allowed under this section for
such taxable year (determined without regard to paragraph (1)),
the tax imposed by this chapter for such taxable year shall be
increased by the amount of such excess''.
(c) Advance Payment of Credit.--Chapter 77 of the Internal Revenue
Code of 1986 is amended by inserting after section 7527 the following
new section:

''SEC. 7527A. ADVANCE PAYMENT OF CHILD TAX CREDIT.

''(a) In General.--As soon as practicable and not later than 1 year
after the date of the enactment of this section, the Secretary shall
establish a program for making advance payments of the credit allowed
under section 36C on a monthly basis (determined without regard to
subsection (h)(1) of such section), or as frequently as the Secretary
determines to be administratively feasible, to taxpayers allowed such
credit.
''(b) Limitation.--
''(1) In general.--The Secretary may make payments under
subsection (a) only to the extent that the total amount of such
payments made to any taxpayer during the taxable year does not
exceed an amount equal to the excess, if any, of--
''(A) subject to paragraph (2), the amount
determined under subsection (a) of section 36C with
respect to such taxpayer (determined without regard to
subsection (h) of such section) for such taxable year,
over
''(B) the estimated tax imposed by subtitle A, as
reduced by the credits allowable under subparts A and C
(with the exception of section 36C) of such part IV,
with respect to such taxpayer for such taxable year, as
determined in such manner as the Secretary deems
appropriate.
''(2) Application of threshold amount limitation.--The
program described in subsection (a) shall make reasonable
efforts to apply the limitation of section 36C(b) with respect
to payments made under such program.''.
(d) Conforming Amendments.--
(1) The table of sections for subpart A of part IV of
subchapter A of chapter 1 of subtitle A of the Internal Revenue
Code of 1986 is amended by striking the item relating to
section 24.
(2) The table of sections for subpart C of part IV of
subchapter A of chapter 1 of subtitle A of such Code is amended
by inserting after the item relating to section 36B the
following:

''Sec. 36C. Child tax credit.''.
(3) The table of sections for chapter 77 of such Code is
amended by inserting after the item relating to section 7527
the following new item:

''Sec. 7527A. Advance payment of child tax credit.''.
(4) Subparagraph (B) of section 45R(f)(3) of such Code is
amended to read as follows:
''(B) Special rule.--Any amounts paid pursuant to
an agreement under section 3121(l) (relating to
agreements entered into by American employers with
respect to foreign affiliates) which are equivalent to
the taxes referred to in subparagraph (A) shall be
treated as taxes referred to in such subparagraph.''.
(5) Section 152(f)(6)(B)(ii) of such Code is amended by
striking ''section 24'' and inserting ''section 36C''.
(6) Paragraph (26) of section 501(c) of such Code is
amended in the flush matter at the end by striking ''section
24(c))'' and inserting ''section 36C(c)) who has not attained
17 years of age''.
(7) Section 6211(b)(4)(A) of such Code is amended--
(A) by striking ''24(d),'', and
(B) by inserting ''36C,'' after ''36B,''.
(8) Section 6213(g)(2) of such Code is amended--
(A) in subparagraph (I), by striking ''section
24(e)'' and inserting ''section 36C(e)'', and
(B) in subparagraph (L), by striking ''24, or 32''
and inserting ''32, or 36C''.
(9) Paragraph (2) of section 1324(b) of title 31, United
States Code, is amended by inserting ''36C,'' after ''36B,''.
(e) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall
apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2016.
[A]: American Family Act of 2017 This bill amends the Internal Revenue Code, with respect to the child tax credit, to: (1) make the credit fully refundable, (2) increase the amount of the credit and allow an additional credit for children who are under six years of age, (3) require the amount of the credit to be adjusted annually for inflation after 2017, and (4) require the Department of the Treasury to establish a program for making advance payments of the credit on a monthly basis.

[Q]: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Family Telephone Connection
Protection Act of 2005''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

The Congress finds that:
(1) The telephone is the primary method by which
individuals correspond and maintain contact with family members
who are incarcerated in correctional institutions.
(2) Except for emergency purposes, family members are not
allowed to call people incarcerated in correctional
institutions; incarcerated persons are typically allowed to
call family members and other pre-approved individuals only
through payphones physically located on the premises of
correctional institutions.
(3) Inmate telephone service in correctional institutions
often is limited to collect calling.
(4) Regardless of whether the prisoners' calls are placed
collect or through a debit account, the prisoners' family
members typically pay for the calls, either through their
telephone bills, in the case of collect calls received from
prisoners, or by making deposits directly into prisoners' debit
accounts.
(5) Innocent citizens are paying excessive telephone
charges simply due to having a family member or loved one who
is incarcerated.
(6) The rates for calls from correctional institutions are
some of the highest rates in the United States, with some per-
minute charges reaching $1 and service or connection charges of
$3.95 per call.
(7) Information compiled by the Congress and the Federal
Communications Commission shows that the high rates are due in
part to the lack of competition between telephone companies
that provide long distance inmate telephone service to
correctional institutions.
(8) There are no competitive forces providing incentives
for those carriers to lower prices or operate efficiently
because, unlike the mass market, only one carrier is typically
permitted to provide long distance inmate telephone service
within each correctional institution.
(9) High calling rates also are due in part to commissions
that carriers pay to correctional institution administrators
for the exclusive right to provide long distance inmate
telephone service in a correctional facility. In some cases,
such commissions account for 50 percent or more of the total
charges.
(10) The collection of such commissions by correctional
institution administrators and state departments of correction
based upon interstate telecommunications revenues is a burden
on interstate commerce.
(11) Due to the lack of competition for telephone services
within correctional institutions, families of people in prison,
many of whom have low incomes, cannot choose the long distance
carrier with the lowest calling rates and must pay the
excessive rates charged by the carrier having the exclusive
right to provide long distance service to the correctional
institution from which the call originates.
(12) It is the policy of the United States to ensure that
all Americans are afforded just and reasonable communications
services, including those families that pay rates for inmate
telephone service.
(13) It is clear from various studies that maintaining
frequent and meaningful communications between people who are
incarcerated and family members is key to the successful social
reintegration of formerly incarcerated individuals. Such
contact reduces recidivism and facilitates rehabilitation,
which in turn reduces crime and the future costs of
imprisonment.
(14) Frequent communications between incarcerated persons
and family members is burdened, and in some cases, prevented,
by excessive inmate telephone service rates. Excessive inmate
telephone service rates thus weaken the family and community
ties that are necessary for successful reentry into society by
persons who were formerly incarcerated and the reduction in
crime resulting from successful reentry.
(15) The Commission has the expertise and authority to
regulate inmate telephone service. Because parties to
Commission rulemaking proceedings have raised issues regarding
its authority to implement meaningful relief for excessive
inmate telephone service rates, Congress finds it necessary and
appropriate to reaffirm that the Commission has the authority
to implement the types of relief set forth in this Act.

SEC. 3. RESTRICTIONS ON THE PROVISION OF INMATE TELEPHONE SERVICE.

(a) Definitions.--Section 226(a) of the Communications Act of 1934
(47 U.S.C. 226(a)) is amended adding at the end the following new
paragraphs:
''(10) The term 'collect' or 'collect call' refers to a
telephone call from a person incarcerated in a correctional
institution that is billed to the subscriber receiving the
call.
''(11) The term 'commission' refers to a fee or other
payment by a provider of inmate telephone service to an
administrator of a correctional institution, department of
correction, or similar entity, based upon, or partly upon,
inmate telephone service revenue.
''(12) The term 'debit account' refers to the payment of
inmate telephone service through a prisoner's prepaid card or
other account, which can be accessed only through an access
code, personal identification number, or similar identifier.
''(13) The term 'inmate telephone service' includes the
provision of telephone service enabling persons incarcerated in
correctional institutions to originate interstate calls at
payphones or other telephones that are designated for
prisoners' personal use, regardless of whether the calls are
collect, paid through a debit account, or paid through any
other means.
''(14) The term 'provider of inmate telephone service'
means any common carrier that provides inmate telephone service
or any other person determined by the Commission to be
providing inmate telephone service.''.
(b) Regulations.--Section 226 is further amended--
(1) by redesignating subsection (i) as subsection (k); and
(2) inserting after subsection (h) the following new
subsections:
''(i) Regulation of Inmate Telephone Service.--
''(1) Rates.--In order to ensure that charges for inmate
telephone service are just, reasonable, and nondiscriminatory,
the Commission shall consider, either in a rulemaking
proceeding that is pending as of the date of enactment of the
Family Telephone Connection Protection Act of 2005 or in a new
rulemaking proceeding, the following types of regulation of
inmate telephone service, all of which are within the
Commission's jurisdiction and authority:
''(A) prescribing a maximum uniform per-minute
compensation rate;
''(B) prescribing a maximum uniform service
connection or other per-call compensation rate;
''(C) prescribing variable maximum compensation
rates depending on such factors as carrier costs, the
size of the correctional facility served, and other
relevant factors identified by the Commission;
''(D) requiring providers of inmate telephone
service to offer both collect calling and debit account
services;
''(E) prohibiting the payment of commissions by
providers of inmate telephone service to administrators
of correctional institutions, departments of
correction, and similar entities; and
''(F) requiring administrators of correctional
institutions, departments of correction, and similar
entities to allow more than one provider of inmate
telephone service to provide interstate inmate
telephone service at a correctional institution in
order that prisoners have a choice of such providers.
''(2) Scope.--The regulations adopted by the Commission
shall be technologically neutral and shall not jeopardize
legitimate security and penelogical interests. To the extent
the Commission regulations reduce or eliminate the revenue
derived by administrators of correctional institutions,
departments of correction, and similar entities from the
receipt of commissions, such effects of Commission regulations
shall not be considered as jeopardizing or otherwise affecting
legitimate security or penelogical interests.
''(3) Deadlines and periodic review.--The Commission shall
prescribe regulations to implement the provisions of this
subsection within one year after the date of enactment of the
Family Telephone Connection Protection Act of 2005. The
Commission shall review, on a triennial basis, the regulations
promulgated under this subsection, including whether any
Commission-established compensation rates should be modified.
''(4) State preemption.--To the extent that any State
requirements are inconsistent with the Commission's regulations
affecting or pertaining to interstate inmate telephone service,
including restrictions on the payment of commissions based upon
interstate inmate telephone service revenues or earnings, the
Commission's regulations on such matters shall preempt such
State requirements.
''(j) Inmate Telephone Service Fully Subject to Sections 251 and
252.--
''(1) Inmate telephone service is fully subject to the
requirements of sections 251 and 252 of this Act.
''(2) No provider of inmate telephone service may block or
otherwise refuse to carry a call placed by an incarcerated
person on the grounds that the provider has no contractual or
other arrangement with the local exchange carrier serving the
intended recipient of the call or other common carrier involved
in any portion of the transmission of the call.''.
[A]: Family Telephone Connection Protection Act of 2005 - Amends the Communications Act of 1934 to direct the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to consider the following types of regulation of inmate telephone service: (1) prescribing a maximum uniform per-minute rate (paid to telephone service providers); (2) prescribing a maximum uniform service connection or other per-call rate; (3) prescribing variable maximum rates depending on factors such as carrier costs or the size of the correctional facility; (4) requiring providers of inmate telephone service to offer both collect calling and debit account services; (5) prohibiting the payment of commissions by such providers to administrators of correctional facilities; and (6) requiring such administrators to allow more than one service provider at a facility so that prisoners have a choice.

[Q]: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Clinical Research Enhancement Act of
1999''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND PURPOSE.

(a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
(1) Clinical research is critical to the advancement of
scientific knowledge and to the development of cures and
improved treatment for disease.
(2) Tremendous advances in biology are opening doors to new
insights into human physiology, pathophysiology and disease,
creating extraordinary opportunities for clinical research.
(3) Clinical research includes translational research which
is an integral part of the research process leading to general
human applications. It is the bridge between the laboratory and
new methods of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention and is thus
essential to progress against cancer and other diseases.
(4) The United States will spend more than
$1,200,000,000,000 on health care in 1999, but the Federal
budget for health research at the National Institutes of Health
was $15,600,000,000 only 1 percent of that total.
(5) Studies at the Institute of Medicine, the National
Research Council, and the National Academy of Sciences have all
addressed the current problems in clinical research.
(6) The Director of the National Institutes of Health has
recognized the current problems in clinical research and
appointed a special panel, which recommended expanded support
for existing National Institutes of Health clinical research
programs and the creation of new initiatives to recruit and
retain clinical investigators.
(7) The current level of training and support for health
professionals in clinical research is fragmented, undervalued,
and underfunded.
(8) Young investigators are not only apprentices for future
positions but a crucial source of energy, enthusiasm, and ideas
in the day-to-day research that constitutes the scientific
enterprise. Serious questions about the future of life-science
research are raised by the following:
(A) The number of young investigators applying for
grants dropped by 54 percent between 1985 and 1993.
(B) The number of physicians applying for first-
time National Institutes of Health research project
grants fell from 1226 in 1994 to 963 in 1998, a 21
percent reduction.
(C) Newly independent life-scientists are expected
to raise funds to support their new research programs
and a substantial proportion of their own salaries.
(9) The following have been cited as reasons for the
decline in the number of active clinical researchers, and those
choosing this career path:
(A) A medical school graduate incurs an average
debt of $85,619, as reported in the Medical School
Graduation Questionnaire by the Association of American
Medical Colleges (AAMC).
(B) The prolonged period of clinical training
required increases the accumulated debt burden.
(C) The decreasing number of mentors and role
models.
(D) The perceived instability of funding from the
National Institutes of Health and other Federal
agencies.
(E) The almost complete absence of clinical
research training in the curriculum of training grant
awardees.
(F) Academic Medical Centers are experiencing
difficulties in maintaining a proper environment for
research in a highly competitive health care
marketplace, which are compounded by the decreased
willingness of third party payers to cover health care
costs for patients engaged in research studies and
research procedures.
(10) In 1960, general clinical research centers were
established under the Office of the Director of the National
Institutes of Health with an initial appropriation of
$3,000,000.
(11) Appropriations for general clinical research centers
in fiscal year 1999 equaled $200,500,000.
(12) Since the late 1960s, spending for general clinical
research centers has declined from approximately 3 percent to 1
percent of the National Institutes of Health budget.
(13) In fiscal year 1999, there were 77 general clinical
research centers in operation, supplying patients in the areas
in which such centers operate with access to the most modern
clinical research and clinical research facilities and
technologies.
(b) Purpose.--It is the purpose of this Act to provide additional
support for and to expand clinical research programs.

SEC. 3. INCREASING THE INVOLVEMENT OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH
IN CLINICAL RESEARCH.

Part B of title IV of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 284
et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

''SEC. 409C. CLINICAL RESEARCH.

''(a) In General.--The Director of National Institutes of Health
shall undertake activities to support and expand the involvement of the
National Institutes of Health in clinical research.
''(b) Requirements.--In carrying out subsection (a), the Director
of National Institutes of Health shall--
''(1) consider the recommendations of the Division of
Research Grants Clinical Research Study Group and other
recommendations for enhancing clinical research; and
''(2) establish intramural and extramural clinical research
fellowship programs directed specifically at medical and dental
students and a continuing education clinical research training
program at the National Institutes of Health.
''(c) Support for the Diverse Needs of Clinical Research.--The
Director of National Institutes of Health, in cooperation with the
Directors of the Institutes, Centers, and Divisions of the National
Institutes of Health, shall support and expand the resources available
for the diverse needs of the clinical research community, including
inpatient, outpatient, and critical care clinical research.
''(d) Peer Review.--The Director of National Institutes of Health
shall establish peer review mechanisms to evaluate applications for the
awards and fellowships provided for in subsection (b)(2) and section
409D. Such review mechanisms shall include individuals who are
exceptionally qualified to appraise the merits of potential clinical
research training and research grant proposals.''.

SEC. 4. GENERAL CLINICAL RESEARCH CENTERS.

(a) Grants.--Subpart 1 of part B of title IV of the Public Health
Service Act (42 U.S.C. 287 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the
following:

''SEC. 481C. GENERAL CLINICAL RESEARCH CENTERS.

''(a) Grants.--The Director of the National Center for Research
Resources shall award grants for the establishment of general clinical
research centers to provide the infrastructure for clinical research
including clinical research training and career enhancement. Such
centers shall support clinical studies and career development in all
settings of the hospital or academic medical center involved.
''(b) Activities.--In carrying out subsection (a), the Director of
National Institutes of Health shall expand the activities of the
general clinical research centers through the increased use of
telecommunications and telemedicine initiatives.
''(c) Authorization of Appropriations.--For the purpose of carrying
out this section, there are authorized to be appropriated such sums as
may be necessary for each fiscal year.''.
(b) Enhancement Awards.--Part B of title IV of the Public Health
Service Act (42 U.S.C. 284 et seq.), as amended by section 3, is
further amended by adding at the end the following:

''SEC. 409D. ENHANCEMENT AWARDS.

''(a) Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career Development
Awards.--
''(1) Grants.--
''(A) In general.--The Director of the National
Institutes of Health shall make grants (to be referred
to as 'Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career
Development Awards') to support individual careers in
clinical research at general clinical research centers
or at other institutions that have the infrastructure
and resources deemed appropriate for conducting
patient-oriented clinical research.
''(B) Use.--Grants under subparagraph (A) shall be
used to support clinical investigators in the early
phases of their independent careers by providing salary
and such other support for a period of supervised
study.
''(2) Applications.--An application for a grant under this
subsection shall be submitted by an individual scientist at
such time as the Director may require.
''(3) Authorization of appropriations.--For the purpose of
carrying out this subsection, there are authorized to be
appropriated such sums as may be necessary for each fiscal
year.
''(b) Mid-Career Investigator Awards in Patient-Oriented
Research.--
''(1) Grants.--
''(A) In general.--The Director of the National
Institutes of Health shall make grants (to be referred
to as 'Mid-Career Investigator Awards in Patient-
Oriented Research') to support individual clinical
research projects at general clinical research centers
or at other institutions that have the infrastructure
and resources deemed appropriate for conducting
patient-oriented clinical research.
''(B) Use.--Grants under subparagraph (A) shall be
used to provide support for mid-career level clinicians
to allow such clinicians to devote time to clinical
research and to act as mentors for beginning clinical
investigators.
''(2) Applications.--An application for a grant under this
subsection shall be submitted by an individual scientist at
such time as the Director requires.
''(3) Authorization of appropriations.--For the purpose of
carrying out this subsection, there are authorized to be
appropriated such sums as may be necessary for each fiscal
year.
''(c) Graduate Training in Clinical Investigation Award.--
''(1) In general.--The Director of the National Institutes
of Health shall make grants (to be referred to as 'Graduate
Training in Clinical Investigation Awards') to support
individuals pursuing master's or doctoral degrees in clinical
investigation.
''(2) Applications.--An application for a grant under this
subsection shall be submitted by an individual scientist at
such time as the Director may require.
''(3) Limitations.--Grants under this subsection shall be
for terms of 2 years or more and shall provide stipend,
tuition, and institutional support for individual advanced
degree programs in clinical investigation.
''(4) Definition.--As used in this subsection, the term
'advanced degree programs in clinical investigation' means
programs that award a master's or Ph.D. degree in clinical
investigation after 2 or more years of training in areas such
as the following:
''(A) Analytical methods, biostatistics, and study
design.
''(B) Principles of clinical pharmacology and
pharmacokinetics.
''(C) Clinical epidemiology.
''(D) Computer data management and medical
informatics.
''(E) Ethical and regulatory issues.
''(F) Biomedical writing.
''(5) Authorization of appropriations.--For the purpose of
carrying out this subsection, there are authorized to be
appropriated such sums as may be necessary for each fiscal
year.
''(d) Clinical Research Curriculum Awards.--
''(1) In general.--The Director of the National Institutes
of Health shall make grants (to be referred to as 'Clinical
Research Curriculum Awards') to institutions for the
development and support of programs of core curricula for
training clinical investigators, including medical students.
Such core curricula may include training in areas such as the
following:
''(A) Analytical methods, biostatistics, and study
design.
''(B) Principles of clinical pharmacology and
pharmacokinetics.
''(C) Clinical epidemiology.
''(D) Computer data management and medical
informatics.
''(E) Ethical and regulatory issues.
''(F) Biomedical writing.
''(2) Applications.--An application for a grant under this
subsection shall be submitted by an individual institution or a
consortium of institutions at such time as the Director may
require. An institution may submit only 1 such application.
''(3) Limitations.--Grants under this subsection shall be
for terms of up to 5 years and may be renewable.
''(4) Authorization of appropriations.--For the purpose of
carrying out this subsection, there are authorized to be
appropriated such sums as may be necessary for each fiscal
year.''.

SEC. 5. LOAN REPAYMENT PROGRAM REGARDING CLINICAL RESEARCHERS.

Part G of title IV of the Public Health Service Act is amended by
inserting after section 487E (42 U.S.C. 288-5) the following:

''SEC. 487F. LOAN REPAYMENT PROGRAM REGARDING CLINICAL RESEARCHERS.

''(a) In General.--The Secretary, acting through the Director of
the National Institutes of Health, shall establish a program to enter
into contracts with qualified health professionals under which such
health professionals agree to conduct clinical research, in
consideration of the Federal Government agreeing to repay, for each
year of service conducting such research, not more than $35,000 of the
principal and interest of the educational loans of such health
professionals.
''(b) Application of Provisions.--The provisions of sections 338B,
338C, and 338E shall, except as inconsistent with subsection (a) of
this section, apply to the program established under subsection (a) to
the same extent and in the same manner as such provisions apply to the
National Health Service Corps Loan Repayment Program established in
subpart III of part D of title III.
''(c) Funding.--
''(1) Authorization of appropriations.--For the purpose of
carrying out this section, there are authorized to be
appropriated such sums as may be necessary for each fiscal
year.
''(2) Availability.--Amounts appropriated for carrying out
this section shall remain available until the expiration of the
second fiscal year beginning after the fiscal year for which
the amounts were made available.''.

SEC. 6. DEFINITION.

Section 409 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 284d) is
amended--
(1) by striking ''For purposes'' and inserting ''(a) Health
Service Research.--For purposes''; and
(2) by adding at the end the following:
''(b) Clinical Research.--As used in this title, the term 'clinical
research' means patient oriented clinical research conducted with human
subjects, or research on the causes and consequences of disease in
human populations involving material of human origin (such as tissue
specimens and cognitive phenomena) for which an investigator or
colleague directly interacts with human subjects in an outpatient or
inpatient setting to clarify a problem in human physiology,
pathophysiology or disease, or epidemiologic or behavioral studies,
outcomes research or health services research, or developing new
technologies, therapeutic interventions, or clinical trials.''.

SEC. 7. OVERSIGHT BY GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE.

Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act,
the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the
Congress a reporting describing the extent to which the National
Institutes of Health has complied with the amendments made by this Act.

Passed the Senate November 19, 1999.

Attest:

GARY SISCO,

Secretary.
[A]:
(Sec. 4) Mandates grants to: (1) establish general clinical research centers to provide the infrastructure for clinical research, including clinical research training and career enhancement; (2) support individual careers in clinical research at general clinical research centers or at other institutions (to be known as Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career Development Awards); (3) support individual clinical research projects at general clinical research centers or at other institutions (to be known as Mid-Career Investigator Awards in Patient-Oriented Research); (4) support individuals pursuing master's or doctoral degrees in clinical investigation (to be known as Graduate Training in Clinical Investigation Awards); and (5) develop and support programs for training clinical investigators in biostatistics, pharmacology, and other core curricula (to be known as Clinical Research Curriculum Awards). Authorizes appropriations.
(Sec. 5) Directs the Secretary of Health and Human Services to establish a loan repayment program for qualified health professionals who have contracted with the Federal Government to conduct clinical research in return for the Government's repayment of a specified amount of their educational loans for each year of service. Authorizes appropriations to carry out the loan repayment provisions.
(Sec. 7) Directs the Comptroller General to report to Congress on the extent to which the NIH has complied with requirements of this Act.