INPUT ARTICLE: Article: If a stream or river runs through a paddock space, it can provide a source of water for your cattle. You can construct an access ramp, so that cows can access the water easier without polluting it. Or, you can use a siphon system to fill up water tanks from this source. Another alternative is to install an animal-operated pasture pump. This is a water pump that is triggered by a cow's nose pressing against the lever in the water tank. Then, the water is automatically siphoned up from the river to fill the tank. If you are using a freshwater spring or river as a water source, it's important to clean it out periodically to ensure that it doesn't become contaminated and spread disease. As a general rule, cattle need daily access to between 1-2 gallons of fresh water per 100 pounds of body weight. This means that you'll want at least 1 tank per paddock that can hold the minimal amount of daily water for the animals in that space. Pastured cattle can survive by primarily eating grass. However, if your cattle are primarily in a dry-lot or if the weather is poor, then supplementing with grain or hay is a good idea. Talk with your vet about which grain or hay to use and how much to feed your cattle. Use a hay rack or clean feed container in a paddock or barn to give your cattle hay or grain. Wet, moldy food can actually sicken your animals. If the hay or grain gets wet, discard it immediately. Feeding your cattle grain helps you to form a positive relationship with them, too. They'll associate you with food and are more likely to come to your calls. Cattle can't store salt in their system, which means that they need to ingest it daily for health. Fill up a feeder with a fortified trace mineral salt mixture and place it near where your cattle sleep at night whether in a paddock or barn. In addition, place at least 1 rock salt and mineral-blend block in each paddock. You can purchase these salt products at your local feed store or even online through an agricultural supply company. As a general rule, a 1,300-1,400 pound cow will need between 35-45 grams of salt per day. If you have 100 cows, then you'll need about a 55 pound bag of mineral salt mixture each week. If your cows balk at the taste of the salt mixture, try stirring in some dried molasses to improve the flavor. Your vet will be able to tell you which vaccinations are suggested for your cattle. Some shots you may be able to give on your own, but others will require a vet visit. It's also important to monitor your dry-lot cattle especially closely, as they are more prone to illnesses, such as pneumonia. A dry-lot is a fenced area that is free from grass. Most cattle owners rotate their animals between dry-lots, grassed areas, and enclosures. Dry-lot cattle often suffer from respiratory illnesses caused by the dust in the air. Cattle vaccinations can help to protect your animals from diseases, such as blackleg or Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD). Monitor the health of your bulls closely during breeding season, as they can injure one another in the process of competition for breeding rights.

SUMMARY: Supply fresh water for your cattle. Supplement their diet with feed. Provide a source of salt. Work with a livestock vet to monitor your herd's health.

INPUT ARTICLE: Article: The more careful you are with your boots, the less they will slouch due to worn-out material. Avoid tugging, pulling, or roughly handling your boots, especially when putting them on and pulling them up. Try to smoothly slip your foot into the boot, instead. Don't leave your boots lying in your hallway or piled under clothes or other items. Take care of your boots and provide them with their own storage space. Lay them flat in your closet with a piece of cloth in between them. Alternatively, you can hang each boot up using binder clips or boot clips. You can purchase boot shapers to fill out the shape of the boot when storing them upright while they're not in use. Alternatively, you can stuff your boots with newspaper or rolled-up magazines, or cut pool noodles to fit inside them. This keeps the material from bending at the ankle and creating creases that persist when you're wearing the boots.

SUMMARY: Avoid stressing the material. Store your boots individually. Stuff your boots to help them retain their shape.

INPUT ARTICLE: Article: Before you begin any treatments to reduce the size of a pimple, clean your face and hands. This can help minimize the risk of spreading bacteria that could enlarge a pimple or cause further breakouts. You can wash your hands with any soap and water, which is effective at removing bacteria. Wash your face with a gentle cleanser specifically designed for your facial skin. This may help prevent further irritation inflammation of the pimple. Use topical product to absorb excess oil, which can inflame pimples. These preparations can not only help remove oil, but also kill bacteria that cause pimples. You can use an over the counter salicylic acid, benzoyl peroxide, or sulfur treatment, or have your doctor prescribe one for more severe pimples. A clay mask may help absorb excess oil and purify your skin. You can use oil blotting papers to soak up excess oil all over your face, which may help reduce the pimple. Be sure to follow your doctor's or package directions to help ensure that you don't overuse products and further irritate the pimple. You can purchase most oil absorbing products at pharmacies and some grocery stores. Online cosmetics retailers also offer these products. Some people use toothpaste to absorb excess oil and decrease a pimple quickly. Doctors don't suggest this method because there are so many different kinds of toothpaste, which can irritate or even damage your skin. Ingredients in whitening or tartar-reducing toothpastes can make a pimple more red, inflamed and noticeable. It's best to err on the side of caution if you're contemplating using toothpaste on a pimple. Use an eye drop formulated to reduce red eye to help relieve inflammation of a pimple. Although this isn't a long-lasting treatment, repeated application may help reduce the size and inflammation of a pimple. You may notice a difference in the size of a pimple after only 30 minutes. You can apply the eye drops directly to the pimple or with a cotton swab. Redness-relieving eye drops are available at most pharmacies and some grocery stores. Inflammation often causes a pimple to be large and painful. Cold packs or compresses can help relieve inflammation associated with acne by constricting blood flow and cooling the skin. It may also quickly reduce the size of your pimple. You can place a cold or cool compress on your pimple intermittently for 10 to 15 minutes, as needed. Consider following up a cold compress with an application of eye drops to further help reduce the pimple's size. You may be tempted to touch or pick at the pimple, but avoid the temptation to remove it this way. Picking at and touching your skin can spread oil and bacteria and may cause further inflammation or acne. Picking or touching your skin may also cause further irritation. In some cases, you may have a large or stubborn pimple, or whitehead, that won't disappear. You can safely remove this kind of pimple with a comedone extractor, but only use the tool for large pimples that have broken the skin. However, you may want to talk to your doctor before using a comedone extractor so that you don't make things worse. You can purchase a comedone extractor at most pharmacies and other retailers that sell skincare products. Make sure to cleanse your skin before you use the tool so that you minimize the risk of spreading bacteria. Always sterilize the tool with rubbing alcohol before and after you use it to prevent reinfection. Warm your skin with a warm compress for a minute or two before you use the extractor. Don't force the pimple out of your skin. If it doesn't come out after the first try, leave it for a few days to help minimize irritation and encourage healing. Follow the instructions on how to use the extractor most effectively.

SUMMARY:
Wash your hands and your face. Absorb excess oil. Avoid using toothpaste. Apply a redness-reducing eye drop. Apply a cold compress to relieve inflammation. Keep your fingers away from pimples. Remove stubborn or large pimples.