Q: What consists of four major components: inorganic mineral matter, organic matter, water and air, and living matter? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: 31.2 The Soil Plants obtain mineral nutrients from the soil. Soil is the outer loose layer that covers the surface of Earth. Soil quality depends on the chemical composition of the soil, the topography, the presence of living organisms, the climate, and time. Agricultural practice and history may also modify the characteristics and fertility of soil. Soil consists of four major components: 1) inorganic mineral matter, 2) organic matter, 3) water and air, and 4) living matter. The organic material of soil is made of humus, which improves soil structure and provides water and minerals. Soil inorganic material consists of rock slowly broken down into smaller particles that vary in size, such as sand, silt, and loam. Soil formation results from a combination of biological, physical, and chemical processes. Soil is not homogenous because its formation results in the production of layers called a soil profile. Factors that affect soil formation include: parent material, climate, topography, biological factors, and time. Soils are classified based on their horizons, soil particle size, and proportions. Most soils have four distinct horizons: O, A, B, and C. Choices: - nitrogen - color - rocks - soil A:
soil

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Q: Both endocytosis and ______ are active transport processes. Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: Both endocytosis and exocytosis are active transport processes. Choices: - biosynthesis - proteolysis - cellular respiration - exocytosis A:
(Answer)
exocytosis

Ques: Q: What is the name for a biologist who studies fungi? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: Mycologist Mycologists are biologists who study fungi. Mycology is a branch of microbiology, and many mycologists start their careers with a degree in microbiology. To become a mycologist, a bachelor's degree in a biological science (preferably majoring in microbiology) and a master's degree in mycology are minimally necessary. Mycologists can specialize in taxonomy and fungal genomics, molecular and cellular biology, plant pathology, biotechnology, or biochemistry. Some medical microbiologists concentrate on the study of infectious diseases caused by fungi (mycoses). Mycologists collaborate with zoologists and plant pathologists to identify and control difficult fungal infections, such as the devastating chestnut blight, the mysterious decline in frog populations in many areas of the world, or the deadly epidemic called white nose syndrome, which is decimating bats in the Eastern United States. Government agencies hire mycologists as research scientists and technicians to monitor the health of crops, national parks, and national forests. Mycologists are also employed in the private sector by companies that develop chemical and biological control products or new agricultural products, and by companies that provide disease control services. Because of the key role played by fungi in the fermentation of alcohol and the preparation of many important foods, scientists with a good understanding of fungal physiology routinely work in the food technology industry. Oenology, the science of wine making, relies not only on the knowledge of grape varietals and soil composition, but also on a solid understanding of the characteristics of the wild yeasts that thrive in different wine-making regions. It is possible to purchase yeast strains isolated from specific grape-growing regions. The great French chemist and microbiologist, Louis Pasteur, made many of his essential discoveries working on the humble brewer's yeast, thus discovering the process of fermentation. Choices: - egyptologists - musicologists - oncologists - mycologists A:
Ans: mycologists

(Q).
Q: What is the term for the method of sending out ultrasound waves to determine the locations of objects? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: Animals such as bats and dolphins send out ultrasound waves and use their echoes, or reflected waves, to identify the locations of objects they cannot see. This is called echolocation. Animals use echolocation to find prey and avoid running into objects in the dark. You can see in the Figure below and also at the following URL how a bat uses echolocation to find insect prey. http://www. bsos. umd. edu/psyc/batlab/headaimmovies/nsf_challenge/nsf4. wmv. Choices: - catabolism - magnetism - morphology - echolocation A:
(A).
echolocation

Ques:Q: In naming ternary compounds, which type of particle is stated first? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: Ternary compounds are named by stating the cation first, followed by the anion. Choices: - molecule - anion - subatomic - cation A:

Ans:cation

Q: What is the term for expelling air out of the body through the nose or mouth? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: Most of the time, you breathe without thinking about it. Breathing is mostly an involuntary action that is controlled by a part of your brain that also controls your heart beat. If you swim, do yoga, or sing, you know you can control your breathing, however. Taking air into the body through the nose and mouth is called inhalation . Pushing air out of the body through the nose or mouth is called exhalation . The woman pictured below is exhaling before she surfaces from the pool water ( Figure below ). Choices: - induction - inhalation - perspiration - exhalation A:
exhalation