(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: conditions. Esters are neutral compounds that undergo hydrolysis, a reaction with water. Under acidic conditions, hydrolysis is essentially the reverse of esterification. When carried out under basic conditions, the process is called saponification. Inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. Some of the most important esters in biochemistry are those formed from phosphoric acid. Amines are nitrogen-containing organic molecules derived from ammonia (NH3). A primary (1) amine (RNH2) has one organic group bonded to the nitrogen atom, a secondary (2) amine (R2NH) has two organic groups bonded to the nitrogen atom, and a tertiary (3) amine (R3N) has three organic groups bonded to the nitrogen atom. Amines are basic compounds that react with strong acids to produce ammonium (NH4+) salts. A cyclic compound in which the ring contains one or more noncarbon atoms is called a heterocyclic compound. There are many heterocyclic amines, including many physiologically important ones. Alkaloids are heterocyclic amines found in many plants. Caffeine, nicotine, and cocaine are familiar alkaloids. Organic compounds containing a carbonyl group bonded to a nitrogen atom are amides, and the carbon-to-nitrogen bond is an amide linkage (or a peptide linkage). Most amides are colorless and odorless, and the lighter ones are soluble in water. Because they are polar molecules, amides have comparatively high boiling points and melting points. Amides are synthesized from carboxylic acids and NH3 or amines. Amides are neutral compounds. They resist hydrolysis in water, but acids, bases, and enzymes catalyze the reaction. Q: Esters are neutral compounds that undergo what process, which is a reaction with water? Choices: - osmosis - cellular respiration - replication - hydrolysis A:
(A).
hydrolysis

(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Crystalline solids have particles that are arranged in a regular repeating pattern. They form crystals. Amorphous solids have particles that are arranged more-or-less at random. They do not form crystals. Q: What kind of solids have particles that are arranged in a regular repeating pattern? Choices: - carbon-based solids - salts - metabolic solids - crystalline solids A:
(A).
crystalline solids

(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into chemically simpler components. Compounds can be broken down into simpler substances. Q: Limestone is insoluble in water, so what can dissolve it? Choices: - calcium - dioxide - oxygen - acid A:
(A).
acid