In one sentence, describe what the following article is about: Bats favor dark, quiet hideouts and have an aversion to lots of light and commotion. Try leaving a light on in the attic or another area you think bats might be inhabiting. For a two-pronged approach, you might also invest in a white noise machine and leave it running overnight to double your chances of scaring them off. It's against the law to exterminate bats in places where they're considered a protected species, which means you'll have to find a non-lethal way to get rid of them. Hanging strips of aluminum foil from the ceiling can create a series of obstacles that will disorient and repel bats. Bat boxes are small enclosed structures that provide a hospitable temporary environment for bats seeking a place to roost. The idea is to flush them out of your home while giving them somewhere else to go so that they won't be tempted to return. For people living in wooded areas, bat boxes can be a good way to relocate bats without the need for more costly measures. You can construct your own bat box from scratch or ask your local pest control or wildlife removal service how to obtain one. Set up your bat box near the treeline of your property or alongside your home in a place with ample shade. By fitting suspected entry points with a one-way valve or tube, invading bats will be free to exit a space but won't be able to get back in. This way, bats will simply leave on their own. Exclusion devices are arguably the most effective method for ridding your home of bats once and for all. Denying bats reentry is preferable to trapping them, which is often difficult and dangerous. Exclusion devices can be found at most pet stores and home improvement centers and are relatively simple to install. If you're not having any luck getting rid of the bats on your own, or you suspect you might be housing an entire bat colony, your best bet is to have the problem dealt with professionally. Pest control specialists will be able to pinpoint the places where bats are likely getting in, then remove them and seal vulnerable entry points to keep them from coming back. This will be the safest and most convenient option if you can afford to have it done. In places where environmental conservation is a high priority, you may be able to find a team of wildlife experts to remove bats from your home at no cost.
Summary: Create a disturbance to drive the bats away. Set up a bat box. Install a one-way exclusion device. Call a pest removal service.

In one sentence, describe what the following article is about: When you're an undergrad or even a master's student, your primary focus is on taking classes and learning from your professors. While you'll still likely have some required courses as a PhD candidate, the focus is placed on you developing your own research. You're producing the content instead of merely consuming it. If you're not sure exactly what you want to research as a PhD candidate, it can make sense to take a break after your undergraduate or master's program. Of course, you don't want to wait too long, but you can take a year to figure out the direction you want to go in. Take the time to gain some experience. Apply for lab positions so you can get a feel for what it's like to do research in a lab full time. If you're still in undergrad, try taking classes in topics that interest you or in topics you haven't explored yet. When you come across things that you find interesting, dive deeper. Read more outside of class to see if that could become your PhD focus. Often, your "original" research may just be something you work on under the direction of a professor. That is, you may be assigned your research work and perform the research with guidance from the professor. Choosing a school with professors whose research you enjoy is a great way to focus your work. As your work gets more individual, you want to work with professors who have similar interests. Check out the requirements for each program on the school's website. Every department has different requirements for who they admit to their program. The earlier you understand what they will be looking for in different schools, the higher your chances will be to prepare a great application. Often, you'll need to have a certain level of knowledge in the fields of mechanics, electromagnetism, atomic and nuclear physics, quantum mechanics, and advanced calculus. Submit all the appropriate paperwork for your application, including your transcripts, academic references, and your basic application. In many cases, you'll need to write a personal statement or research proposal, as well.
Summary: Make the mental switch to research. Take a break if you need to. Do some research into topics you love. Learn about professors in PhD programs. Apply to a PhD program.

In one sentence, describe what the following article is about: This will give you an opportunity to hear how it sounds. You can make changes based on what you hear as well as what you read. Allow a little time to go by after you've written the dialogue to read it, otherwise your brain will fill in what you were going for rather than what is actually on the page. Have a trusted friend or family member go over your dialogue. A fresh pair of eyes can tell you whether your dialogue is natural sounding, or needs work. There is nothing more irritating to a reader (including and especially, publishers and agents) than punctuation that is being abused, especially in dialogue. There should be a comma after the end of the dialogue and the closing quotation mark. For example: "Hello. I'm Jane," said Jane. If you add action to the middle of a piece of dialogue, you'll either capitalize the second half of the dialogue, or not. For example: "I can't believe he killed my father," Jane said, her eyes filling with tears. "It's just not like him." or "I can't believe he killed my father," Jane said, her eyes filling with tears, "since it's just not like him." If there's no said, only an action, then there's a period in place of a comma in the closing quotation mark. For example: "Goodbye, Aunt Agatha." Jane slammed the phone down. Sometimes, less dialogue is more. When people talk, they are not overly verbose. They say things in short, simple ways and you'll want to reflect that in your dialogue. For example, instead of "I cannot believe that after all these many years, it was Uncle Red that put the poison in my father's evening cocktail and murdered him," said Jane, you might say "I can't believe Uncle Red poisoned my father!" Each character should have her own sound and voice, but too much of an accent or a drawl will become annoying or even offensive to readers. Also, using a dialect you aren't familiar with can end up employing stereotypes and being incredibly offensive to the natural speakers of the dialect. Establish where characters come from in other ways. For example, use regional terms such as "soda" versus "pop" to establish geography. Make sure if you're writing a character from a specific geographic area (like England or America) that you use the appropriate slang and terminology (pants in England, underwear in America, for example).
Summary:
Read your dialogue out loud. Punctuate your speech correctly. Cut out any unnecessary words or phrases. Use dialect carefully.