question: It is estimated that in the 11th century Ashkenazi Jews composed only three percent of the world's Jewish population, while at their peak in 1931 they accounted for 92 percent of the world's Jews. Immediately prior to the Holocaust, the number of Jews in the world stood at approximately 16.7 million. Statistical figures vary for the contemporary demography of Ashkenazi Jews, oscillating between 10 million and 11.2 million. Sergio DellaPergola in a rough calculation of Sephardic and Mizrahi Jews, implies that Ashkenazi make up less than 74% of Jews worldwide. Other estimates place Ashkenazi Jews as making up about 75% of Jews worldwide.

In the Yoma tractate of the Babylonian Talmud the name Gomer is rendered as Germania, which elsewhere in rabbinical literature was identified with Germanikia in northwestern Syria, but later became associated with Germania. Ashkenaz is linked to Scandza/Scanzia, viewed as the cradle of Germanic tribes, as early as a 6th-century gloss to the Historia Ecclesiastica of Eusebius. In the 10th-century History of Armenia of Yovhannes Drasxanakertc'i (1.15) Ashkenaz was associated with Armenia, as it was occasionally in Jewish usage, where its denotation extended at times to Adiabene, Khazaria, Crimea and areas to the east. His contemporary Saadia Gaon identified Ashkenaz with the Saquliba or Slavic territories, and such usage covered also the lands of tribes neighboring the Slavs, and Eastern and Central Europe. In modern times, Samuel Krauss identified the Biblical "Ashkenaz" with Khazaria.
1. What is Ashkenaz linked to?
2. What was it seen as the cradle of?
3. How early in time?
4. When was it associated with Armenia?
5. Who identified it with Khazaria?
6. What percentage did Ashkenazi Jews make up of the world's Jewish population in the 11th century?
7. By 1931, were there more of them or fewer of them?
8. What percentage did they make up?
9. How many were there before the Holocaust>
10. And what about today>
****
answer: 1. Scandza/Scanzia
2. the cradle of Germanic tribes,
3. 6th cnetury
4. 10th century
5. Yovhannes Drasxanakertc'i
6. 3 percent
7. more
8. 92 percent
9. 16.7 million
10. 10 to 11.2 million

question: Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press. It is a department of the University of Oxford and is governed by a group of 15 academics appointed by the vice-chancellor known as the delegates of the press. They are headed by the secretary to the delegates, who serves as OUP's chief executive and as its major representative on other university bodies. Oxford University has used a similar system to oversee OUP since the 17th century.

The university became involved in the print trade around 1480, and grew into a major printer of Bibles, prayer books, and scholarly works. OUP took on the project that became the "Oxford English Dictionary" in the late 19th century, and expanded to meet the ever-rising costs of the work. As a result, the last hundred years has seen Oxford publish children's books, school text books, music, journals, the World's Classics series, and a best-selling range of English language teaching texts to match its academic and religious titles. Moves into international markets led to OUP opening its own offices outside the United Kingdom, beginning with New York City in 1896. With the advent of computer technology and increasingly harsh trading conditions, the Press's printing house at Oxford was closed in 1989, and its former paper mill at Wolvercote was demolished in 2004. By contracting out its printing and binding operations, the modern OUP publishes some 6,000 new titles around the world each year. As part of a charitable organization, OUP is committed to major financial support of its parent university, and furthers the university's aims of excellence in scholarship, research, and education through its publishing activities.
1. What is the biggest university press in the world?
2. Is it also the oldest?
3. Which one is?
4. What institution is the press part of?
5. When did they get involved in printing?
6. What did they produce at the time?
7. Who governs the entity?
8. What are they called?
9. Who appoints them?
10. Who leads them?
11. How long has this system been in place?
12. What was their famous project?
13. When did that begin?
14. Did that result in them growing smaller?
15. When did they enter markets outside the UK?
16. In what year did that start?
17. In which city?
18. When did their original printing house close?
19. What caused that?
20. How many titles do they publish each year, now?
****
answer: 1. Oxford University Press
2. no
3. Cambridge University Press
4. the University of Oxford
5. around 1480
6. Bibles, prayer books, and scholarly works
7. a group of 15 academics
8. the delegates of the press
9. the vice-chancellor
10. the secretary to the delegates
11. the 17th century
12. the Oxford English Dictionary
13. late 19th century
14. no
15. when they moved into international markets
16. 1896
17. New York City
18. 1989
19. the advent of computer technology
20. 6,000

question: CHAPTER X

THE FAMILY COBWEB ON THE MOVE

'Oh! the auld house, the auld house, What though the rooms were wee; Oh! kind hearts were dwelling there, And bairnies full of glee.' Lady Nairn.

Every one except Edgar would, it was hoped, stay at home till after the Epiphany, that most marked anniversary of birth and death.

Clement at first declared it impossible, for St. Matthew's could not dispense with him on the great day; and Fulbert grinned, and nudged Lance at his crest-fallen looks, when he received full leave of absence for the next three weeks.

But Lance was bursting with reverse troubles. The same post had brought him a note from his organist; and that 'stupid old Dean' as he irreverently called him, had maliciously demanded 'How beautiful are the feet,' with the chorus following, and nobody in the choir was available to execute the solo but Lance. He had sung it once or twice before; and if he had the music, and would practise at home, he need only come up by the earliest train on the Epiphany morning; if not, he must arrive in time for a practice on the 5th; he would be wanted at both the festival and Sunday services, but might return as early as he pleased on Monday the 9th.

Lance did not receive the summons in an exemplary spirit. It is not certain that he did not bite it. He rolled on the floor, and contorted himself in convulsions of vexation; he 'bothered' the Dean, he 'bothered' the Precentor, he 'bothered' the Organist, he 'bothered' Shapcote's sore throat, he 'bothered' Harewood's wool- gathering wits, he 'bothered' his own voice, and thereby caused Clement to rebuke him for foolish murmurs instead of joy in his gift.
1. What chapter is this?
2. Is the Family on the move?
3. Who is a lady?
4. When could Lance return?
5. On what day?
6. Did Clement think it'd be possible at first?
7. Why not?
8. Who grinned?
9. Were the rooms big?
10. How had the note arrived to him?
11. Who was it from?
12. Could someone other than Lance do the solo?
13. What day would he have to arrive on time on?
14. Where did Lance roll the summons?
15. Who's sore throat did he bother?
16. Who rebuked Lance for all his bothering?
17. How many weeks was the leave of absence?
18. How long would everyone stay at home until?
19. Except who?
20. What does the Epiphany mark?
****
answer:
1. X
2. Yes
3. Nairn.
4. As early as he pleased.
5. Monday the 9th.
6. No
7. St. Matthew's could not dispense with him
8. Fulbert
9. No
10. from his organist
11. 'stupid old Dean'
12. No
13. the 5th
14. On the floor
15. Shapcote
16. Clement
17. Three
18. Till after the Epiphany,
19. Edgar
20. Birth and death.