TASK DEFINITION: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
PROBLEM: composed a set of works dedicated to Grand Duke Paul of Russia that includes pieces such as "The Birds" and "How Do You Do" and one finale contains various pauses to confuse the audience, titled "The Joke. " One of his works contains the "Ewiger, machtiger Gott" chorus towards the end of its "Spring" movement. Another set of his works are occaisonally named for his collaborator Johann Salomon, including one whose second movement contains an 8-note accompaniment by the bassoons that imitates the ticking of the title device, and another which derives its name from the loud G chord in its sixteenth measure. For 10 points, identify this composer of the Clock and Surprise symphonies.

SOLUTION: Fine Arts

PROBLEM: This thinker posited that authority exists in legal, charismatic, and traditional forms in a work analyzing bureaucracies called Economy and Society. This man theorized that authority stems from custom, charisma, or law in a work that labels the state as the entity with a monopoly on force. Another work by this author of Politics as a Vocation claims that man was trapped in an "iron cage of rationality" and that the Calvinist view of work as a "calling" has led to the rise of the titular economic system. For 10 points, name this German sociologist who wrote "The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism".

SOLUTION: Social Science

PROBLEM: Different types of this organic compound are named for Mosher, Hantzsch, Roche, and probably most famously, Hagemann. Lesser-known ways to make them are named after Yamaguchi and Steglich, particularly useful for forming the tert-butyl type of them. Acids of any chain length can be created by the very useful synthesis named for the malonic type of these compounds. Cyclic ones are known as lactones, and the simplest way of preparing them is named after Fischer and simply creates them by reacting a primary alcohol with a carboxylic acid. FTP, name this basic functional group consisting of a carbonyl group single bonded to an oxygen.

SOLUTION:
Science