input: Please answer the following: Given the following passage "European colonialism in the Sahara began in the 19th century. France conquered the regency of Algiers from the Ottomans in 1830, and French rule spread south from Algeria and eastwards from Senegal into the upper Niger to include present-day Algeria, Chad, Mali then French Sudan including Timbuktu, Mauritania, Morocco (1912), Niger, and Tunisia (1881). By the beginning of the 20th century, the trans-Saharan trade had clearly declined because goods were moved through more modern and efficient means, such as airplanes, rather than across the desert.", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: what ethnicity is mentioned first?
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output: European

input: Please answer the following: Given the following passage "Airborne Interception radar (AI) was unreliable. The heavy fighting in the Battle of Britain had eaten up most of Fighter Command's resources, so there was little investment in night fighting. Bombers were flown with airborne search lights out of desperation[citation needed], but to little avail. Of greater potential was the GL (Gunlaying) radar and searchlights with fighter direction from RAF fighter control rooms to begin a GCI system (Ground Control-led Interception) under Group-level control (No. 10 Group RAF, No. 11 Group RAF and No. 12 Group RAF).", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: What method of tracking failed the least?
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output: GL (Gunlaying) radar and searchlights with fighter direction from RAF fighter control

input: Please answer the following: Given the following passage "Artists contributing to this format include mainly soft rock/pop singers such as, Andy Williams, Johnny Mathis, Nana Mouskouri, Celine Dion, Julio Iglesias, Frank Sinatra, Barry Manilow, Engelbert Humperdinck, and Marc Anthony.", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: the above mentioned people are?
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output: Artists

input: Please answer the following: Given the following passage "Ottoman Sultan Selim the Grim, regarded the Shia Qizilbash as heretics, reportedly proclaimed that "the killing of one Shiite had as much otherworldly reward as killing 70 Christians."", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: what name start with O?
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output:
Ottoman