Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Ex Input:
Preoperative chemoradiotherapy is one of the key strategies for the improvement of survival in pancreatic cancer; however, no method to predict the response has yet been established. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the predictive value of REG4, a new member of the regenerating (REG) islet-derived family of proteins.', 'Stably REG4-expressing cells were established from a pancreatic cancer cell line and exposed in vitro to gamma-ray or gemcitabine to investigate the relevance of REG4 to the resistance to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. In 23 patients with resectable pancreatic cancer, the serum concentration of REG4 was measured before preoperative chemoradiotherapy, and the histologic response was evaluated after the surgery.', 'A 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and fluorescence activated cell scanning (FACS) revealed that REG4-overexpressing cells were resistant to gamma-radiation but showed a modest resistance to gemcitabine. The patients with a higher REG4 level, but not carcinoembryonic antigen or CA-19-9, showed an unfavorable histologic response to chemoradiotherapy (Spearman, rho = 0.439, P = 0.039). The patients showing a higher REG4 level experienced local recurrence postoperatively.

Ex Output:
1

Ex Input:
Ets transcription factors have been widely implicated in the control of tumorigenesis, with most studies suggesting tumor-promoting roles. However, few studies have examined Ets tumorigenesis-modifying functions in vivo using model genetic systems.', 'Using mice expressing a previously characterized Ets dominant repressor transgene in the intestinal epithelium (Villin-En/Erm), we examined the consequences of blocking endogenous Ets-mediated transcriptional activation on tumorigenesis in the ApcMin model of intestinal carcinoma.', 'En/Erm expression in the intestine, at levels not associated with overt crypt-villus dysmorphogenesis, results in a marked increase in tumor number in ApcMin animals. Moreover, when examined histologically, tumors from En/Erm-expressing animals show a trend toward greater stromal invasiveness. Detailed analysis of crypt-villus homeostasis in these En/Erm transgenic animals suggests increased epithelial turnover as one possible mechanism for the enhanced tumorigenesis.

Ex Output:
0

Ex Input:
Beta2-glycoprotein I (2GPI) is a highly abundant glycoprotein in plasma. Our previous study demonstrated strong 2GPI expression in hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue and the combination of 2GPI and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was shown to significantly activate the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-B). To investigate whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS) enhances 2GPI activation of NF-B and the expression of downstream factors (e.g., tumor necrosis factor alpha, TNF-; interleukin-1 beta, IL-1; alpha-fetoprotein, AFP) in the human hepatoma cell line, SMMC-7721.', 'Experimental samples were divided into 4 groups as follows: Group A--blank cell group (SMMC-7721); group B--low, medium, and high LPS concentration groups (1 ng/mL; 10 ng/mL; and 100 ng/mL, respectively); group C--2GPI transfected group; and group D--2GPI + low, medium, or high concentrations from the LPS affected group. Activation of NF-B was evaluated using laser scanning confocal microscopy. Expression of downstream factors was measured by ELISA.', 'Degrees of NF-B activation in groups B, C, and D were varied. NF-B activation in group D was the most significant, and the expressions of downstream factors, TNF- and IL-1, were the highest level of activation among the groups (p < 0.05), showing an LPS dose-dependency.

Ex Output:
0