Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Ex Input:
Despite much clinical experience, there are few published accounts of the surgical manifestations of HIV/AIDS in children and still fewer guidelines for the best or most appropriate treatment. Our primary objective was to document the incidence of HIV infection in children who presented with a surgical emergency to a major pediatric surgical unit in South Africa. If possible, we aimed to provide a description of the impact of the disease in a surgical pediatric population and to raise awareness of the mode of presentation of HIV to the pediatric surgeon in a developing nation, now that specific antiretroviral therapies are available.', 'This was a prospective observational study of consecutive surgical emergency admissions to the Division of Paediatric Surgery at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, between April 1 and May 31, 2005. Consent for inclusion in the study was sought in all cases. The clinical profile of children presenting during the study period was recorded. If relevant, permission was sought from the parent/guardian to undertake HIV status testing if this were not already known.', 'Three hundred ninety-one children were admitted as emergency cases during the study period. Thirty-seven (9.5%) of 391 were excluded, because consent could not be obtained, leaving 354 children. Ages ranged between 1 day and 17 years, with a median age of 3 years. The diagnosis in most was trauma/burns (42%) and abdominal emergencies (27%). Infections occurred in 13% of these patients. Human immunodeficiency virus status was already known in 10 (3%) of 354 patients, and only 18 (5%) of 344 children were tested; of these, 10 (55%) were positive. As expected, the predominant surgical presentation of HIV positive children was sepsis. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS in those children not tested is unknown.

Ex Output:
Are surgeons failing to recognize children with HIV infection?

Ex Input:
IQ-domain GTPase-activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) binds to Dishevelled (Dvl) and functions as a modulator of Dvl nuclear localization in Xenopus embryos. However, the relationship between IQGAP1 and Dvl in tumor tissues is unclear.', 'We used immunohistochemistry to assess the expressions of IQGAP1 and Dvl in a cohort of 111 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Association of their localization expressions with clinicopathological factors was also analyzed.', 'The positive rate of IQGAP1 in primary tumors was 48.6% (54/111) for its cytoplamic expression, 9.0% (10/111) for nuclear expression and 31.5% (35/111) for membranous expression; the positive rate of Dvl was 65.8% (73/111) for cytoplamic expression, 9.9% (11/111) for nuclear expression and 10.8% (12/111) for membranous expression. Coexpression rate of IQGAP1 and Dvl was 77.8% (42/54) in the cytoplasm, 80.0% (8/10) in the nucleus and 8.6% (3/35) in the membrane. Coexpression of IQGAP1 and Dvl in the cytoplasm and nucleus were significantly correlated (P<0.05), but not in the membrane (P>0.05). The positive expression rates of cyclin D1 and c-myc were significantly higher in the group of IQGAP1 and Dvl coexpression in the nucleus than that in the cytoplasm. Coexpression rate of IQGAP1 and Dvl in the cytoplasm and nucleus was significantly higher in lymph nodal metastases (63.3%, 19/30) than in primary growths (38.3%, 31/81), correlating with poor prognosis. Five-year survival time after resection in the group with their coexpression in the cytoplasm and nucleus was significantly lower than that with no coexpression (44.7053.355 vs 58.4032.543 months, p<0.05).

Ex Output:
Is coexpression of IQ-domain GTPase-activating protein 1 ( IQGAP1 ) and Dishevelled ( Dvl ) correlated with poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer?

Ex Input:
Adenylyl cyclase is a transmembrane signaling system involved in the inhibition of cellular responses. Recently, we showed that the activity of adenylyl cyclase may be potentiated by stimuli that induce an increase of cellular responses but that do not activate adenylyl cyclase. This is probably an important physiologic feedback mechanism that prevents cells from becoming "overstimulated."', 'Because increased cellular activities are frequently observed in persons with asthma, we hypothesized that a defect in potentiation of adenylyl cyclase might be involved.', 'Potentiation of isoprenaline-induced adenosine cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) production with the mitogen phytohemagglutin (PHA; 45 micrograms/ml) or the calcium ionophore A23187 (1 mumol/L) was studied in peripheral blood mononuclear cells taken from patients with asthma (n = 8) and healthy control subjects (n = 11).', 'Isoprenaline-induced cAMP production was potentiated significantly in the healthy control subjects (PHA, 110% +/- 15%; A23187, 92% +/- 25%). In contrast, potentiation was not seen with PHA or A23187 in the total group of patients with asthma. However, some patients showed weak potentiation, whereas in others PHA decreased isoprenaline-induced cAMP production. Moreover, the effect of PHA on isoprenaline-induced cAMP production correlated significantly with the degree of bronchial hyperreactivity in patients with asthma (r = 0.96; p = 0.0001).

Ex Output:
Does defect in potentiation of adenylyl cyclase correlate with bronchial hyperreactivity?