In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.

Input: Consider Input: Colibacillosis results from infection with avian pathogenic Escherichia coli bacteria. Healthy broilers are resistant to inhaled E. coli, but previous infection with vaccine or virulent strains of Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) predisposes birds for severe colibacillosis. We investigated whether IBV affects recruitment and function of phagocytic cells and examined NO production, phagocytic and bactericidal activity, and kinetics of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and splenocytes. Moreover, we measured cytokine mRNA expression in lung and spleen samples. Broilers were inoculated with IBV H120 vaccine or virulent M41 and challenged 5 days later with E. coli 506. A PBS control and E. coli group without previous virus inoculation were also included. Birds were sacrificed at various time points after inoculation (h/dpi). Inoculation with IBV induced extended and more severe colibacillosis than with E. coli alone. At 4 dpi, the number of KUL-01 + PBMC in all E. coli-inoculated groups was significantly higher than in PBS-inoculated birds, which correlated with lesion scores. From 1 to 4 dpi, NO production by PBMC from all E. coliinoculated animals was elevated compared to PBS birds. Bactericidal activity of PBMC in IBV-inoculated animals at 7 dpi was lower than in PBS-and E. coli-inoculated birds, but phagocytic capacity and recruitment were not severely impaired. In spleen samples of IBV-infected animals reduced expression of IL-1b, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18 and IFN-g mRNA was found 1 dpi. Our results suggest that enhanced colibacillosis after IBV infection or vaccination is caused at least by altered innate immunity and less by impairment of phagocytic cell function. #

Output: The role of phagocytic cells in enhanced susceptibility of broilers to colibacillosis after Infectious Bronchitis Virus infection

Input: Consider Input: O. is a 37-year-old male with no significant past medical history who presented to the Emergency Department with a one week history of worsening dysphagia and odynophagia. He reported he was usually in good health until the current symptoms began. Scott said that he had been unable to swallow solid foods over the past week, largely due to increasing pain on swallowing, and was now unable to swallow liquids as well. Although he stated that his appetite was unchanged, he estimated a fivepound weight loss over the last week due to poor oral intake. He otherwise denied fever, respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms, or any other complaints. He takes no medications at home except for rare acetaminophen. He is married, has a twoyear-old son, and works as an attorney. He denied use of tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs. Family history was noncontributory. On physical exam, he was afebrile and his vital signs were within normal limits. Cardiovascular, respiratory, abdominal, extremity, and neurologic exam were unremarkable. There was some mild oropharyngeal thrush, palpable bilateral inguinal lymphadenopathy, and a 1 cm painless ulceration on the penile shaft. Laboratory evaluation was unremarkable.

Output: When a Diagnosis Is Reportable The Patient

Input: Consider Input: This study explores how the public's belief in false rumors about Middle East Respiratory Syndrome that spread across South Korea related to their accuracy-oriented information seeking as well as the moderating effects of people's reasons for using social networking services (SNS). The survey results show that perceived credibility of false rumors did not affect accuracy-oriented information seeking. However, a significant result was shown in the moderating effect, such that SNS informational dependency interacted with false rumor credibility on accuracy-oriented information seeking. Overall, this study specifically identifies and discusses differences in SNS dependency and accuracy-oriented information seeking in the context of rumor communication to examine the construction of an informed public. Theoretical contributions of this study are discussed. T information (Fedor et al., 1992; Wilson, 1999) , whereas other studies assert that high credibility of the received messages prompts information seeking activities (Ho and Niederdeppe, 2008; Hou and Shim, 2010) . Based on this, this study raises the key question: How does the perceived credibility of SNS rumors motivate people to seek additional accurate information during the crisis situation? This study further aims to examine the moderating role of general SNS dependency, which is developed from media system dependency theory (Ball-Rokeach and DeFleur, 1976) , in the relationship between credibility of rumors and information seeking. Although previous studies revealed that media dependency and credibility are closely linked to each other (Jackob, 2010; Johnson and Kaye, 2004; Perlmutter and Schoen, 2007) , no studies have empirically tested the relationship in the context of rumors, particularly with a focus on Web 2.0 era to our knowledge. However, the extent to which people depend on SNS and their different reasons for using these services must be considered, given that today's rumors are largely disseminated through SNSs including Facebook, Twitter, and other online messaging services (Doerr et al., 2012) . Examining this issue can provide a footstep in the rumor study by answering how people's different dependencies on SNS function in the accuracy-oriented information seeking of false messages. The main purpose of study is to examine the relationship between the credibility of false rumor and accuracy-oriented information seeking, and how different patterns of SNS dependency affects this linkage. Many studies have been conducted on information seeking in the aftermath of adverse events (e.g., Spence et al., 2005) , lending support to the significance of the current paper, which analyzes the public's accuracy-oriented information-seeking behaviors after Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) occurred in South Korea in 2015. We expect that the findings from this research will contribute to better understanding of the interactions between credibility of false rumors and SNS dependency on accuracy-oriented information seeking in the context of rumor communication. Exploring the mechanisms underlying the information seeking, in turn, can help curb the detrimental impact of the false rumors during hazard situations. The current research can be a groundwork for seeking out the relationship between false rumors beliefs, SNS dependency, and information seeking behaviors under risky situations. Furthermore, by differentiating the meaning of information seeking with accuracy-orientated information seeking, this research can open the venue to develop discussions on information seeking.
Output: Informed public against false rumor in the social media era: Focusing on social media dependency