Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
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Question: Context: Although Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with early death, its life expectancy differs greatly between patients. A better understanding of this heterogeneity may reveal important disease mechanisms underlying the malignancy of AD. The aim of this study was to examine the relation between AD pathologies and early death in AD caused by dementia.", 'At a memory clinic, 247 referred consecutive patients with AD were monitored during 12.61.6 years. Multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed with baseline measures of amyloid beta (A) pathology (APOE genotype, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) A42) tau pathology (CSF phosphorylated tau and total tau), cerebrovascular pathology (white-matter lesions and CSF/serum albumin ratio), neuroinflammatory pathology (CSF soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, sVCAM-1), frontal, temporal, and central brain atrophies, global cognition, sex, and age. Comorbidities and medications also were analyzed. All continuous variables were transformed to z scores to compare hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).', 'At follow-up, 89% of the patients had died. The mean survival time was 6.43.0 years. The AD pathology that independently predicted an early death caused by dementia was cerebral inflammation (sVCAM-1; HR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.07-1.64). Other independent predictors were lower global cognition (HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.43-0.61), frontal atrophy (HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.12-1.70), and medial temporal atrophy (HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.02-1.49). When examining death caused by dementia and related causes (vascular diseases and infections), age (HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.04-1.46) and cerebrovascular pathology (white-matter lesions: HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.01-1.36; and CSF/serum albumin ratio: HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.001-1.34) were also significant risk factors in addition to the previous variables. No comorbidity or medication was significant in the specific-cause models.
Answer: This is the first study to link neuroinflammation independently to early death in AD and, hence, a rapidly progressing disease. Frontal and medial temporal atrophies and low cognition were also significant predictors. These are probably downstream biomarkers that reflect neuronal degeneration and late-stage disease. Our results suggest that inflammation, and not amyloid or tau pathology, is an independent underlying mechanism in the malignancy of AD.

Answer: Is cerebral inflammation an underlying mechanism of early death in Alzheimer 's disease : a 13-year cause-specific multivariate mortality study?

Question: Context: To establish leukocyte count and leukocyte differential percentiles in normal uncomplicated pregnancy.', 'This retrospective longitudinal study was performed in an outpatient facility for routine antenatal care. The study population comprised of 726 healthy women from the 5th to the 41st week of pregnancy. Altogether, there were 1749 complete blood count evaluations, of which 481 were in the 1st trimester, 687 in the 2nd trimester and 581 in the 3rd trimester. The total and differential leukocyte counts were determined by an automated cell counter.', 'The leukocyte and neutrophil counts gradually and significantly increased form the 1st to the 3rd trimester. The monocyte count increase became significant only during the 3rd trimester. The eosinophil count did not significantly change throughout pregnancy. The basophil count significantly decreased during the 2nd trimester and returned to 1st trimester values during the 3rd trimester.
Answer: In this study, we provide total and differential leukocyte counts' mean+/-S.D., minimal and maximal values, and the 3rd, 5th, 10th, 50th, 90th, 95th, and 99th percentiles for entire pregnancy and for each trimester separately. These reference values should prove useful for diagnostic and research purposes.

Answer: Does total and differential leukocyte count percentiles in normal pregnancy?

Question: Context: Tissue factor (TF) is a procoagulant that plays an important part in tumor angiogenesis. We sought to determine the role of preoperative serum TF levels in predicting clinical outcome in patients with ovarian cancer.', 'TF expression was determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in ovarian cell lines. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we assessed preoperative serum TF levels in 98 women with invasive epithelial ovarian carcinoma, 30 with low malignant potential (LMP) tumors, 16 with benign tumors, and a separate validation group of 39 women with adnexal masses. Clinical information was gathered from chart review.', 'TF was expressed in four of the five ovarian cancer cell lines, but absent in the nontransformed cells. Ovarian cancer patients had a median preoperative serum TF level of 85.2 pg/mL, which was significantly higher than in those with LMP tumors (12.8 pg/mL; P < .01) and benign adnexal disease (30.7 pg/mL; P < .01). TF >or= 190 pg/mL was significantly associated with decreased patient survival (P < .01). After adjusting for other clinical variables in a multivariate Cox regression model, TF >or= 190 pg/mL was an independent prognostic factor (P < .01). Analysis of serum TF levels from the validation set confirmed that high TF (>or=190 pg/mL) was associated with a 3.4-fold increase in risk of death from disease (P = .02) and shorter survival (P = .01).
Answer: Preoperative serum TF levels are significantly elevated in patients with ovarian carcinoma. Elevated preoperative TF level is an independent prognostic factor for death from disease.

Answer:
Are preoperative serum tissue factor levels an independent prognostic factor in patients with ovarian carcinoma?