Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The process in which a solid changes directly to a gas is called sublimation . It occurs when the particles of a solid absorb enough energy to completely overcome the force of attraction between them. Dry ice (solid carbon dioxide, CO 2 ) is an example of a solid that undergoes sublimation. Figure below shows a chunk of dry ice changing directly to carbon dioxide gas. Sometimes snow undergoes sublimation as well. This is most likely to occur on sunny winter days when the air is very dry. What gas does snow become?. Q: What is the process in which a solid changes directly to a gas called? A:
OPTIONS:
- condensation
- solidification
- vaporization
- sublimation
Answer: sublimation

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Metamorphism does not cause a rock to melt completely. It only causes the minerals to change by heat or pressure. If the rock melts completely, it will cool to become an igneous rock. Q: What changes from heat or pressure during metamorphism? A:
OPTIONS:
- carbohydrates
- grains
- fossils
- minerals
output: minerals

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: All plants have a characteristic life cycle that includes alternation of generations . Plants alternate between haploid and diploid generations. Alternation of generations allows for both asexual and sexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction with spores produces haploid individuals called gametophytes . Sexual reproduction with gametes and fertilization produces diploid individuals called sporophytes . A typical plant's life cycle is diagrammed in Figure below . Q: The plants alternation between haploid and diploud generations allow it to do what? A:

OPTIONS:
- reproduce asexually and simultaneously
- reproduce sexually and autonomously
- reproduce asexually and biologically
- reproduce asexually and sexually

A: reproduce asexually and sexually

input: OPTIONS:
- radiation
- chemical reaction
- cold
- pressure Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Metamorphic rocks form when an existing rock is changed by heat or pressure. The minerals in the rock change but do not melt. The rock experiences these changes within the Earth. Q: Metamorphic rocks form when an existing rock is changed by heat or what? A:
A:
output: pressure

Answer the following question given this paragraph: are responsible for establishing long-term memory, but the ultimate location of those memories is usually in the region in which the sensory perception was processed. The main sensation associated with the parietal lobe is somatosensation, meaning the general sensations associated with the body. Posterior to the central sulcus is the postcentral gyrus, the primary somatosensory cortex, which is identified as Brodmann's areas 1, 2, and 3. All of the tactile senses are processed in this area, including touch, pressure, tickle, pain, itch, and vibration, as well as more general senses of the body such as proprioception and kinesthesia, which are the senses of body position and movement, respectively. Anterior to the central sulcus is the frontal lobe, which is primarily associated with motor functions. The precentral gyrus is the primary motor cortex. Cells from this region of the cerebral cortex are the upper motor neurons that instruct cells in the spinal cord to move skeletal muscles. Anterior to this region are a few areas that are associated with planned movements. The premotor area is responsible for thinking of a movement to be made. The frontal eye fields are important in eliciting eye movements and in attending to visual stimuli. Broca's area is responsible for the production of language, or controlling movements responsible for speech; in the vast majority of people, it is located only on the left side. Anterior to these regions is the prefrontal lobe, which serves cognitive functions that can be the basis of personality, short-term memory, and consciousness. The prefrontal lobotomy is an outdated mode of treatment for personality disorders (psychiatric conditions) that profoundly affected the personality of the patient. Q: Broca's area, responsible for the production of language or controlling movements responsible for speech, is nearly always located on what side of the brain? A:

OPTIONS:
- back
- half
- Hand
- left

Answer: left

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Reactions and Compounds of Nitrogen Like carbon, nitrogen has four valence orbitals (one 2s and three 2p), so it can participate in at most four electron-pair bonds by using sp3 hybrid orbitals. Unlike carbon, however, nitrogen does not form long chains because of repulsive interactions between lone pairs of electrons on adjacent atoms. These interactions become important at the shorter internuclear distances encountered with the smaller, second-period elements of groups 15, 16, and 17. (For more information on internuclear distance, see Chapter 7 "The Periodic Table and Periodic Trends", Section 7.2 "Sizes of Atoms and Ions" and Chapter 8 "Ionic versus Covalent Bonding", Section 8.2 "Ionic Bonding". ) Stable compounds with NN bonds are limited to chains of no more than three N atoms, such as the azide ion (N 3). Nitrogen is the only pnicogen that normally forms multiple bonds with itself and other second-period elements, using overlap of adjacent np orbitals. Thus the stable form of elemental nitrogen is N 2, whose NN bond is so strong (DNN = 942 kJ/mol) compared with the NN and N=N bonds (DNN = 167 kJ/mol; DN=N = 418 kJ/mol) that all compounds containing NN and N=N bonds are thermodynamically unstable with respect to the formation of N2. In fact, the formation of the NN bond is so thermodynamically favored that virtually all compounds containing NN bonds are potentially explosive. Again in contrast to carbon, nitrogen undergoes only two important chemical reactions at room temperature: it reacts with metallic lithium to form lithium nitride, and it is reduced to ammonia by certain microorganisms. (For more information lithium, seeChapter 21 "Periodic Trends and the ". ) At higher temperatures, however, N2 reacts with more electropositive elements, such as those in group 13, to give binary nitrides, which range from covalent to ionic in character. Like the corresponding compounds of carbon, binary compounds of nitrogen with oxygen, hydrogen, or other nonmetals are usually covalent molecular... Q: What is the most electron-pair bonds a nitrogen atom can participate in? A:

OPTIONS:
- seven
- five
- three
- four

A:
four