Answer the following question given this paragraph: Chemistry in Everyday Life Culinary Aspects of Chemistry Cooking is essentially synthetic chemistry that happens to be safe to eat. There are a number of examples of acid-base chemistry in the culinary world. One example is the use of baking soda, or sodium bicarbonate in baking. NaHCO3 is a base. When it reacts with an acid such as lemon juice, buttermilk, or sour cream in a batter, bubbles of carbon dioxide gas are formed from decomposition of the resulting carbonic acid, and the batter "rises. " Baking powder is a combination of sodium bicarbonate, and one or more acid salts that react when the two chemicals come in contact with water in the batter. Many people like to put lemon juice or vinegar, both of which are acids, on cooked fish (Figure 14.15). It turns out that fish have volatile amines (bases) in their systems, which are neutralized by the acids to yield involatile ammonium salts. This reduces the odor of the fish, and also adds a "sour" taste that we seem to enjoy. Q: Why does the fish odour diminish when you put lemon juice over cooked fish? Choices: - due to oxidation - due to evaporation - due to acidification - due to neutralization A:
due to neutralization
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The Evolution of Promoters The evolution of genes may be a familiar concept. Mutations can occur in genes during DNA replication, and the result may or may not be beneficial to the cell. By altering an enzyme, structural protein, or some other factor, the process of mutation can transform functions or physical features. However, eukaryotic promoters and other gene regulatory sequences may evolve as well. For instance, consider a gene that, over many generations, becomes more valuable to the cell. Maybe the gene encodes a structural protein that the cell needs to synthesize in abundance for a certain function. If this is the case, it would be beneficial to the cell for that gene's promoter to recruit transcription factors more efficiently and increase gene expression. Scientists examining the evolution of promoter sequences have reported varying results. In part, this is because it is difficult to infer exactly where a eukaryotic promoter begins and ends. Some promoters occur within genes; others are located very far upstream, or even downstream, of the genes they are regulating. However, when researchers limited their examination to human core promoter sequences that were defined experimentally as sequences that bind the preinitiation complex, they found that promoters evolve even faster than protein-coding genes. It is still unclear how promoter evolution might correspond to the evolution of humans or other higher organisms. However, the evolution of a promoter to effectively make more or less of a given gene product [1] is an intriguing alternative to the evolution of the genes themselves. Promoter Structures for RNA Polymerases I and III In eukaryotes, the conserved promoter elements differ for genes transcribed by RNA polymerases I, II, and III. RNA polymerase I transcribes genes that have two GC-rich promoter sequences in the -45 to +20 region. These sequences alone are sufficient for transcription initiation to occur, but promoters with additional sequences in the region from -180 to -105 upstream of... Q: When can mutations occur in genes? Choices: - after rna replication - after dna replication - during rna replication - during dna replication A:
during dna replication
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Note that in Table 14.3, the best thermal conductorssilver, copper, gold, and aluminumare also the best electrical conductors, again related to the density of free electrons in them. Cooking utensils are typically made from good conductors. Q: The best thermal conductors are also the best conductors of what, which is also related to the density of free electrons in them? Choices: - light - pollution - sound - electricity A:
A: electricity
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Landslides are the most dramatic, sudden, and dangerous types of mass wasting. Landslides are sudden falls of rock; by contrast, avalanches are sudden falls of snow. Q: What are the most dramatic, sudden, and dangerous types of mass wasting? Choices: - earthquakes - monsoons - volcanoes - landslides A:
Answer: landslides
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Following ventricular repolarization, the ventricles begin to relax, and pressure within the ventricles drops. When the pressure falls below that of the atria, blood moves from the atria into the ventricles, opening the atrioventricular valves and marking one complete heart cycle. 35 Afterload represents the resistance within the arteries to the flow of blood ejected from the ventricles. If uncompensated, if afterload increases, flow will decrease. In order for the heart to maintain adequate flow to overcome increasing afterload, it must pump more forcefully. This is one of the negative consequences of high blood pressure or hypertension. 37 After fusion of the two endocardial tubes into the single primitive heart, five regions quickly become visible. From the head, these are the truncus arteriosus, bulbus cordis, primitive ventricle, primitive atrium, and sinus venosus. Contractions propel the blood from the sinus venosus to the truncus arteriosus. About day 23, the heart begins to form an S-shaped structure within the pericardium. The bulbus cordis develops into the right ventricle, whereas the primitive ventricle becomes the left ventricle. The interventricular septum separating these begins to form about day 28. The atrioventricular valves form between weeks five to eight. At this point, the heart ventricles resemble the adult structure. Q: During fetal development of the heart, what does the bulbus cordis develop into? Choices: - right atrium - last ventricle - left atrium - right ventricle A:
**Answer**
right ventricle
(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Ionic bonds tend to form between atoms for which the electronegativity differences are 2.0 and above. In general, ionic bonds between two atoms require one metal and one nonmetal. Q: Ionic bonds between two atoms require one metal and one what? Choices: - liquid - gas - metallic - nonmetal A:
(A).
nonmetal