Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: 17.9 The Endocrine Pancreas The pancreas has both exocrine and endocrine functions. The pancreatic islet cell types include alpha cells, which produce glucagon; beta cells, which produce insulin; delta cells, which produce somatostatin; and PP cells, which produce pancreatic polypeptide. Insulin and glucagon are involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism. Insulin is produced by the beta cells in response to high blood glucose levels. It enhances glucose uptake and utilization by target cells, as well as the storage of excess glucose for later use. Dysfunction of the production of insulin or target cell resistance to the effects of insulin causes diabetes mellitus, a disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels. The hormone glucagon is produced and secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas in response to low blood glucose levels. Glucagon stimulates mechanisms that increase blood glucose levels, such as the catabolism of glycogen into glucose. Q: Insulin is produced by what part of the body? A:
OPTIONS:
- kidneys
- liver
- thyroid
- pancreas
Answer: pancreas

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: (left) The DNA double helix wraps around proteins (2) and tightly coils a number of times to form a chromosome (5). This figure shows the complexity of the coiling process. The red dot shows the location of the centromere, where the microtubules attach during mitosis and meiosis. (right) A representation of a condensed eukaryotic chromosome, as seen after the DNA has been copied. The chromosome is made of two identical, or sister, chromatids held together by a centromere. Q: What genetic unit is formed when the dna double helix wraps around proteins and tightly coils a number of times? A:
OPTIONS:
- atom
- gene
- neutron
- chromosome
output: chromosome

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Atoms are indestructible and constantly in motion. Q: What are indestructible and constantly in motion? A:

OPTIONS:
- viruses
- crystals
- ions
- atoms

A: atoms

input: OPTIONS:
- middle
- top
- oil
- deposit Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Earthworms are deposit feeders. They burrow through the ground, eating soil and extracting organic matter from it. Earthworm feces, called worm casts, are very rich in plant nutrients. Earthworm burrows help aerate soil, which is also good for plants. Q: What type of feeders are earthworms? A:
A:
output: deposit

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: When light strikes the rods and cones, they hyperpolarize, shutting off their release of what? A:

OPTIONS:
- enzyme
- vitreous fluid
- dopamine
- glutamate

Answer: glutamate

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Most flowers carry both stamens and carpels; however, a few species self-pollinate. These are known as "perfect" flowers because they contain both types of sex organs (Figure 14.25. Biochemical and anatomical barriers to self-pollination promote cross-pollination. Self-pollination is a severe form of inbreeding, and can increase the number of genetic defects in offspring. A plant may have perfect flowers, and thus have both genders in each flower; or, it may have imperfect flowers of both kinds on one plant (Figure 14.28). In each case, such species are called monoecious plants, meaning "one house. " Some botanists refer to plants with perfect flowers simply as hermaphroditic. Some plants are dioecious, meaning "two houses," and have male and female flowers ("imperfect flowers") on different plants. In these species, cross-pollination occurs all the time. Q: Most flowers carry both stamens and carpels; however, a few species are capable of what and are nicknamed "perfect" flowers? A:

OPTIONS:
- sexual reproduction
- germination
- cloning
- self-pollination

A:
self-pollination