input: OPTIONS:
- accumulation
- extinction
- bacterial
- speciation Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: 18.2 Formation of New Species Speciation occurs along two main pathways: geographic separation (allopatric speciation) and through mechanisms that occur within a shared habitat (sympatric speciation). Both pathways isolate a population reproductively in some form. Mechanisms of reproductive isolation act as barriers between closely related species, enabling them to diverge and exist as genetically independent species. Prezygotic barriers block reproduction prior to formation of a zygote, whereas postzygotic barriers block reproduction after fertilization occurs. For a new species to develop, something must cause a breach in the reproductive barriers. Sympatric speciation can occur through errors in meiosis that form gametes with extra chromosomes (polyploidy). Autopolyploidy occurs within a single species, whereas allopolyploidy occurs between closely related species. Q: Both pathways that isolate a population reproductively in some form, allopatric and sympatric describe what, which means the creation of new species? A:
A:
output: speciation

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Figure 9.28 Diffusion occurs when gas molecules disperse throughout a container. Effusion occurs when a gas passes through an opening that is smaller than the mean free path of the particles, that is, the average distance traveled between collisions. Effectively, this means that only one particle passes through at a time. Q: What occurs when a gas passes through an opening that is smaller than the mean free path of the particles? A:

OPTIONS:
- precipitation
- malformation
- dissipation
- effusion

Answer: effusion

Problem: OPTIONS:
- dopamine
- glucose
- glutamate
- acetylcholine
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: In heart muscle, what released by neurons activates a signal transduction pathway? A:
Answer: acetylcholine

Problem:OPTIONS:
- xylem
- enzymes
- parenchyma
- eukaryotic

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Protists, fungi, animals, and plants all consist of what kind of cells? A:
****
A: eukaryotic

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are direct opposite reactions. Energy from the sun enters a plant and is converted into glucose during photosynthesis. Some of the energy is used to make ATP in the mitochondria during cellular respiration, and some is lost to the environment as heat. Q: During photosynthesis, what is energy from the sun converted to after entering a plant? A:
OPTIONS:
- Carbon
- chloride
- Proteins
- glucose
glucose

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Sugars are simple carbohydrates. Molecules of sugars have relatively few carbon atoms. Glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) is one of the smallest sugar molecules. Plants and some other organisms make glucose in the process of photosynthesis. Living things that cannot make glucose obtain it by consuming plants or these other organisms. Q: Glucose is an example of what simple carboyhydrates with relatively few carbon atoms? A:
OPTIONS:
- solvents
- mixtures
- acids
- sugars

Answer:
sugars