instruction:
In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
question:
The oxidation of one of these compounds with a Jones reagent yields carboxylic acid, and they are the product of the reaction of a ketone with a Grignard reagent. Esters are formed via a reaction of carboxylic acid and this compound in a process named for Fischer. Consisting of a hydroxyl group bonded to a carbon atom, they are given the formula R-OH. For 10 points, name this class of compounds exemplified by methanol and ethanol, the latter of which is found in hand sanitizer and beer.
answer:
Science

question:
It is not serotonin, but the selective reuptake of this compound is inhibited by tiagabine, and it is converted to succinic acid semi-aldehyde, which is subsequently oxidized to succinic acid in the shunt which produces this compound. One receptor for it forms a heteropentameric complex and in immature neurons, this compound facilitates the outward flux of chloride ions, which is why benzodiazepines are ineffective anticonvulsants in newborns. One receptor for it includes a benzodiazepine binding site, and isoguvacine THIP, and muscimol serve as competitive agonists to this molecule. Synthesized by the decarboxylation of glutamic acid, this neurotransmitter is best known for its role as the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter. For 10 points, identify this neurotransmitter, which is often referred to by its four letter acronym.
answer:
Science

question:
John Braithwaite argues that disintegrative shaming reinforces this behavior, which comes after humiliation according to Jack Katz's The Seductions of [this concept]. The innovator is most susceptible to it according to Robert Merton's strain theory, while Steven Pinker linked it to abortion rates. Segregation of the lower-class by this action prevents rebellions according to Michel Foucault. Coming in malum in se and malum prohibitum forms, it was compensated for "eye for eye" in the Code of Hammurabi. An international tribunal in The Hague tries those who commit these actions against humanity. For 10 points, name this law-breaking behavior.
answer:
Social Science