instruction:
Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
question:
To retrospectively assess the relationship between carotid intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH), which indicates plaque instability, and brain white matter hyperintense lesions (WMHLs) by using a within-patient design.', 'All patients gave written informed consent for the initial magnetic resonance (MR) studies, and the institutional review board and local research ethics committee waived initial informed consent for the pooled analysis. A total of 190 patients with symptomatic carotid artery disease underwent fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery imaging of the brain and fat-suppressed black-blood T1-weighted MR imaging of the carotid arteries. The volumes of periventricular lesions, subcortical lesions, and total WMHLs were calculated and compared between hemispheres in relation to symptoms and IPH, and their interaction was calculated and compared by using repeated measures three-factorial multivariate analysis.', 'After exclusion of 12 patients, 178 patients (116 men, 62 women; mean age, 70.2 years +/- 8.6 [standard deviation]) remained. There was no significant difference in WMHL volume between the symptomatic and asymptomatic hemispheres, and WMHL volume was not related to the degree of carotid stenosis. The presence of carotid IPH significantly interacted with the interhemispheric WMHL difference (Wilks lambda test, F = 9.95; df = 3; P < .001). Univariate analysis showed larger total and periventricular WMHL volumes (P < .05) in patients with ipsilateral IPH.
answer:
1

question:
To compare the efficacy of intensity-modulated radiotherapy, three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy, and conventional radiotherapy for cervical cancer treatment.', 'Whole pelvis intensity-modulated radiotherapy, three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy, and conventional radiotherapy plans were designed for 16 patients with stage IIB cervical cancer, each using the prescribed dose of 50.4 Gy/28 fractions. Dose-volume histograms of the target volume and organs at risk were evaluated.', 'Compared to the 3D conformal and conventional radiotherapy plans, the intensity-modulated radiotherapy plan demonstrated superior conformal treatment. The mean planning target volume dose of all three plans reached the target effective therapeutic dose. The planning target volume dose of the intensity-modulated radiotherapy plan was significantly higher than that of either the three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy or conventional radiotherapy plan (P<0.05). When more than 30 Gy was administered in intensity-modulated radiotherapy, organs at risk including the small intestine, rectum, bladder, and bone marrow received a significantly reduced volume of radiation. In comparison of the average planning target volume doses, significant volume reductions in irradiation of organs at risk were obtained with full bladders.
answer:
1

question:
Consumption of vegetables and fruits, physical activity, obesity and caloric intake are all strongly related to the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). The association between dietary intake of carotenoids from vegetables/fruits and risk of CRC in the context of cigarette smoking was studied in a nutritionally diverse population.', 'The study included 1,817 age sex residence-matched case-control pairs from a population-based study in Northern Israel. Data were acquired by food-frequency questionnaire. Individual intake of carotenoid isomers was calculated using an Israeli food content database. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using conditional logistic regression models adjusted for known risk factors.', 'Strong inverse associations were found with consumption of 9-cis-beta-carotene (OR = 0.35, 0.26-0.47), all-trans-beta-carotene (OR = 0.58, 0.44-0.76), cis-beta-cryptoxanthin (OR = 0.67, 0.50-0.90), all-trans-zeaxanthin (OR = 0.64, 0.48-0.86), and lutein (OR = 0.74, 0.57-0.96). Lycopene (OR = 2.22, 1.71-2.89) and all-trans-beta-cryptoxanthin (OR = 2.01, 1.48-2.73) were associated with increased risk of CRC. Inverse associations of most carotenoids with CRC, demonstrated in non-smokers, were much attenuated or reversed in past or current smokers with a highly significant interaction term.
answer:
1