Problem: Extract the answer to the question from the following context. Question: Who leads the Zionists? Context: In some countries anti-Masonry is often related to antisemitism and anti-Zionism. For example, In 1980, the Iraqi legal and penal code was changed by Saddam Hussein's ruling Ba'ath Party, making it a felony to "promote or acclaim Zionist principles, including Freemasonry, or who associate [themselves] with Zionist organisations". Professor Andrew Prescott of the University of Sheffield writes: "Since at least the time of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, antisemitism has gone hand in hand with anti-masonry, so it is not surprising that allegations that 11 September was a Zionist plot have been accompanied by suggestions that the attacks were inspired by a masonic world order".

A: Elders of Zion
Problem: Given the question: Extract the answer to the question from the following context. Question: Of Bremen, Hamburg, and Berlin, which state uses Erster in the title of its office equal to Minister-President ? Context: The governments in Berlin, Bremen and Hamburg are designated by the term Senate. In the three free states of Bavaria, Saxony, and Thuringia the government is referred to as the State Government (Staatsregierung), and in the other ten states the term Land Government (Landesregierung) is used. Before January 1, 2000, Bavaria had a bicameral parliament, with a popularly elected Landtag, and a Senate made up of representatives of the state's major social and economic groups. The Senate was abolished following a referendum in 1998. The states of Berlin, Bremen, and Hamburg are governed slightly differently from the other states. In each of those cities, the executive branch consists of a Senate of approximately eight, selected by the state's parliament; the senators carry out duties equivalent to those of the ministers in the larger states. The equivalent of the Minister-President is the Senatsprasident (President of the Senate) in Bremen, the Erster Burgermeister (First Mayor) in Hamburg, and the Regierender Burgermeister (Governing Mayor) in Berlin. The parliament for Berlin is called the Abgeordnetenhaus (House of Representatives), while Bremen and Hamburg both have a Burgerschaft. The parliaments in the remaining 13 states are referred to as Landtag (State Parliament).
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The answer is:
Hamburg
input question: Extract the answer to the question from the following context. Question: If something is not a physical quantity, what is it known as? Context: In 1807, Thomas Young was possibly the first to use the term "energy" instead of vis viva, in its modern sense. Gustave-Gaspard Coriolis described "kinetic energy" in 1829 in its modern sense, and in 1853, William Rankine coined the term "potential energy". The law of conservation of energy was also first postulated in the early 19th century, and applies to any isolated system. It was argued for some years whether heat was a physical substance, dubbed the caloric, or merely a physical quantity, such as momentum. In 1845 James Prescott Joule discovered the link between mechanical work and the generation of heat.???
output answer: caloric
Extract the answer to the question from the following context. Question: How many ceremonies did Gushi Khan organize after the U-Tsang victory? Context: Soon after the victory in U-Tsang, Gushi Khan organized a welcoming ceremony for Lozang Gyatso once he arrived a day's ride from Shigatse, presenting his conquest of Tibet as a gift to the Dalai Lama. In a second ceremony held within the main hall of the Shigatse fortress, Gushi Khan enthroned the Dalai Lama as the ruler of Tibet, but conferred the actual governing authority to the regent Sonam Chopel. Although Gushi Khan had granted the Dalai Lama "supreme authority" as Goldstein writes, the title of 'King of Tibet' was conferred upon Gushi Khan, spending his summers in pastures north of Lhasa and occupying Lhasa each winter. Van Praag writes that at this point Gushi Khan maintained control over the armed forces, but accepted his inferior status towards the Dalai Lama. Rawski writes that the Dalai Lama shared power with his regent and Gushi Khan during his early secular and religious reign. However, Rawski states that he eventually "expanded his own authority by presenting himself as Avalokitesvara through the performance of rituals," by building the Potala Palace and other structures on traditional religious sites, and by emphasizing lineage reincarnation through written biographies. Goldstein states that the government of Gushi Khan and the Dalai Lama persecuted the Karma Kagyu sect, confiscated their wealth and property, and even converted their monasteries into Gelug monasteries. Rawski writes that this Mongol patronage allowed the Gelugpas to dominate the rival religious sects in Tibet.
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Answer: second ceremony
Q: Extract the answer to the question from the following context. Question: Why do monks meditate? Context: Theravadin Buddhists believe that personal effort is required to realize rebirth. Monks follow the vinaya: meditating, teaching and serving their lay communities. Laypersons can perform good actions, producing merit.
A: to realize rebirth
[Q]: Extract the answer to the question from the following context. Question: During what short period is weather cooler? Context: Among all cities in the Mediterranean part of the European Union, Limassol has one of the warmest winters, in the period January February average temperature is 1718 C (6364 F) during the day and 78 C (4546 F) at night, in other coastal locations in Cyprus is generally 1617 C (6163 F) during the day and 68 C (4346 F) at night. During March, Limassol has average temperatures of 1920 C (6668 F) during the day and 911 C (4852 F) at night, in other coastal locations in Cyprus is generally 1719 C (6366 F) during the day and 810 C (4650 F) at night.
****
[A]:
at night