Problem: A pidgin , or pidgin language, is a grammatically simplified means of communication that develops between two or more groups that do not have a language in common: typically, a mixture of simplified languages or a simplified primary language with other languages' elements included. It is most commonly employed in situations such as trade, or where both groups speak languages different from the language of the country in which they reside (but where there is no common language between the groups). Fundamentally, a pidgin is a simplified means of linguistic communication, as it is constructed impromptu, or by convention, between individuals or groups of people. A pidgin is not the native language of any speech community, but is instead learned as a second language. A pidgin may be built from words, sounds, or body language from multiple other languages and cultures. They allow people who have no common language to communicate with each other. Pidgins usually have low prestige with respect to other languages.

Not all simplified or "broken" forms of a language are pidgins. Each pidgin has its own norms of usage which must be learned for proficiency in the pidgin.

A pidgin differs from a creole, which is the first language of a speech community of native speakers, and thus has a fully developed vocabulary and grammar. Most linguists believe that a creole develops through a process of nativization of a pidgin when children of acquired pidgin-speakers learn it and use it as their native language.
1. Can a pidgin be the primary language of a community?
2. What can it be made up of, besides words?
3. Who does it allow to communicate?
4. What is pidgin, very simply put?
5. Does it contain pieces from real languages?
6. What business uses situation can use a pidgin?
7. Do pidgins get much respect?
8. Does each pidgin have it's own standards on usage?
9. Can you learn it and become fluent in it?
10. Is a pidgin the same as a creole?
11. What is a creole?
12. Does it have a well established vocabulary?
13. And it's own grammar?
14. How do experts believe a creole comes about?
15. Do children learn it as their primary language?
16. Can people who live in the same country, but speak different languages use a pidgin?
17. From this article, would you say waving could be part of a pidgin?
18. Pointing?
19. How about grunting?
20. And lastly, clapping?
Answer: 1. no
2. body language
3. people without a common language
4. a language
5. yes
6. trade
7. no
8. yes
9. yes
10. no
11. first language of a community
12. yes
13. yes
14. nativization of a pidgin
15. yes
16. yes
17. yes
18. yes
19. yes
20. yes

Problem: Ashley woke up bright and early on Friday morning during summer. Her birthday was only a day away, and her parents had promised her a trip to the fair as her present the next day! She thought it was going to be quite a treat. She skipped down the stairs to see her mom making a chocolate cake on the stove. "You run along outside to go play with your friends," her mom told her, "I can get everything ready for your special lunch on my own." When Ashley made it outside, she found her friend Katherine playing in the dirt. When Ashley came closer, she saw that in the dirt were a bunch of insects. Katherine loved finding and collecting different ones for her insect collection. Ashley thought it was kind of gross personally, but she sat down next her anyways. "Happy birthday, Ashley," Katherine yelled when she saw her best friend. "Thank you," Ashley answered, "Do you want to go up to the playground until it's time for lunchtime? Mom says you're invited to come by the way." Katherine nodded, and the two spent a fun morning playing on the playground. Once lunchtime came, the two walked back to Ashley's house. She could picture how many of her favorite foods her mom had most likely made, and she could almost taste the spaghetti on her tongue. Lunch was ready when they arrived, and it was delicious! The chocolate cake her mom made was an extra special treat. She couldn't wait to go to the fair tomorrow!
1. When did Ashley wake up?
2. On what day?
3. During what season?
4. What was happening soon?
5. Where was she going?
6. with who?
7. Were her parents going with her?
8. What was her mom doing?
9. What kind?
10. for what?
Answer: 1. early
2. Friday
3. summer
4. her birthday
5. the fair
6. unknown
7. yes
8. baking a cake
9. a chocolate cake
10. her special lunch

Problem: The Warsaw Pact (formally, the Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation, and Mutual Assistance, sometimes, informally WarPac, akin in format to NATO) was a collective defense treaty among Soviet Union and seven Soviet satellite states in Central and Eastern Europe in existence during the Cold War. The Warsaw Pact was the military complement to the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CoMEcon), the regional economic organization for the communist states of Central and Eastern Europe. The Warsaw Pact was created in reaction to the integration of West Germany into NATO in 1955 per the Paris Pacts of 1954, but it is also considered to have been motivated by Soviet desires to maintain control over military forces in Central and Eastern Europe.

While the Warsaw Pact was established as a balance of power or counterweight to NATO, there was no direct confrontation between them. Instead, the conflict was fought on an ideological basis. Both NATO and the Warsaw Pact led to the expansion of military forces and their integration into the respective blocs. The Warsaw Pact's largest military engagement was Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia (with the participation of all Pact nations except Romania and Albania). The Pact failed to function when the Revolutions of 1989 spread through Eastern Europe, beginning with the Solidarity movement in Poland and its success in June 1989.
1. Were NATo and the Warsaw Pact enemies of each other?
2. What was their relationship to one another?
3. Who invaded Czechoslovakia?
4. Did all members participate?
5. How many satellite states were involved in the Pact?
6. Where were these states located?
7. What was the regional economic organization for communist states in this area called?
8. And what did that organization compliment?
9. What is the Pact's informal nickname?
10. And its formal name?
11. When was it created?
12. As a result of what country joining Nato?
13. Is the Warsaw Pact formatted similarly to NATO?
14. What did the Soviets seek to control during the Pact's creation?
15. Could this be considered one of the reasons the Pact was formed?
16. When did the Pact end?
17. In which country was the beginning of the end?
18. With what occuring?
19. Was that movement ultimately successful?
20. What was spreading through parts of Europe at this time?
21. Which part of Europe was affected?
Answer:
1. No
2. They both led to the expansion of military forces and their integration into the respective blocs.
3. Warsaw Pact
4. all Pact nations except Romania and Albania
5. seven
6. Central and Eastern Europe
7. Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CoMEcon)
8. The Warsaw Pact
9. WarPac
10. the Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation, and Mutual Assistance
11. 1955
12. West Germany
13. Yes
14. military forces in Central and Eastern Europe
15. Yes
16. June 1989
17. Poland
18. the Solidarity movement
19. Yes
20. the Revolutions of 1989
21. Eastern Europe