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Once you have analyzed all of the family members that you plan to include, make a list of their eye colors. This list will need to be analyzed either by hand or using computer software to determine possible eye colors for the baby. If you have no experience with inherited genes, you should use a computer program or consult someone that has knowledge of how genes are passed down. For example: Father: blue eyes Mother: brown eyes Paternal Grandmother: brown eyes Paternal Grandfather: blue eyes Maternal Grandmother: brown eyes Maternal Grandfather: blue eyes Online calculators do most of the biology and math for you. Enter the eye color of each relative (e.g., parents, grandparents, aunts, uncles) in the indicated fields. When you are finished, the program will analyze the data and tell you the likelihood of each eye color. A Punnett square can be made for eye color by drawing a chart with 2 columns and 2 rows. On top of the columns, list the father's alleles (genotype) for eye color. Along the left side of the rows, list the mother's alleles for eye color. If you can determine the 2 genes that each parent has (this is easiest if both parents are homozygous), you can make a Punnett square. This square will tell you the possible gene combinations for your baby, which will indicate the possible eye colors. The Punnett square will also show the probability of each color. There should be 4 blank spaces under the father's alleles and to the right of the mother's alleles. In each space, write the father's allele from the above it and the mother's allele from the left of it. These 4 gene combinations are the possible combinations of your baby. The 4 boxes represent possible combinations of alleles. Each box represents a 25% chance that your baby will have that combination of alleles, and thus the eye color that it represents. If a certain combination does not appear in any box, there is no chance of having that combination. If a combination appears more than once, the chance of the baby carrying those alleles is greater. In the example above, it is clear that the father is homozygous (because blue eyes are recessive) and that the mother is heterozygous (because her father had blue eyes and could only have passed that gene). This allows you to make a Punnett square with 4 boxes. The likelihood of the baby having brown eyes will be 50% and the likelihood that it has blue eyes will be 50%.

summary: List all known genes for eye color. Use an online calculator. Draw a Punnett square. Fill in the Punnett Square. Determine the probability of different eye colors.

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Once the test is done, the doctor will send the cell sample to a lab for testing. It usually takes 1-3 weeks for the test results to come back, but your doctor should be able to give you a more accurate estimate. Ask them if you can expect them to call you or if the results will be posted in an online chart for you to view.If you don't hear back within 3 weeks, call your doctor's office and ask about the results. Most of the time, pap smear test results come back normal. Sometimes, however, you might get a result of "abnormal" or "unclear." If this happens, don't worry! Even an abnormal test result doesn't necessarily mean that anything is seriously wrong. Talk to your doctor about scheduling a follow-up appointment for further tests. In rare cases, abnormal cells in a pap smear can be a sign of cancer in your cervix or uterus. If your doctor suspects that your test results might indicate a serious problem, they may have you come in for more tests, like a colonoscopy or a biopsy (tissue sample). Sometimes, your doctor will recommend that you wait 6 months to a year and then have another pap smear done. If the abnormal cells are still there or if they see major changes since your last exam, they might decide to do further testing. How often you need to get a pap smear depends on a lot of things, such as your age, your medical history, and how high your risk is for problems like cervical cancer or sexually transmitted infections. Work with your doctor to figure out the best time for you to come in for your next routine pap smear and pelvic exam. Most doctors recommend that you get your first pap smear at age 21, and then follow up every 3 years (or more often if there are abnormal results). Once you're 30, you can reduce the frequency to once every 5 years unless you have an abnormal pap smear. You can stop having pap smears by the time you're 65 to 70 as long as you've had 3 normal tests within the last 10 years.
summary: Ask your doctor when you can expect to get your test results. Schedule a follow-up if there are any abnormal results. Talk to your doctor about when you should get your next pap smear.