In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

[Q]: one work by this man, Fritz wins a great victory by shooting 300,000 wine bottles out of cannons and getting the enemy drunk after the title character sings the "Sabre Song" and promotes him to general. He used the Lysistrata as the basis for The Happiest Girl in the World. In his aria "J'ai des yeux," a magician declares his love for Olympia after watching the inventor Spalanzani wind her up in "The Doll Song. " In another of his works, the Brazillian millionaire Pompa di Matadores and the Swedish noble the Baron de Gondremarck experience the frenetic nightlife of the title city. Saint-Sans borrowed the part of the tortoise in Carnival of the Animals from the "Galop" written by this composer of La Vie Parisienne, who included a "Barcarolle" in an opera which adapts the story "The Sandman. " For 10 points, name this composer of The Tales of Hoffman and Orpheus in the Underworld.
[A]: Fine Arts

[Q]: He gave the example of a chicken which comes to expect a never-ending source of food as it is fattened up only to one day then be slaughtered in a work which refuted inductive reasoning as a source of absolute certainty. In another of his works, he regards one of the titular activities as a Catholic practice designed to prevent incest, leading to his expulsion from a teaching post. In addition to The Problem of Philosophy and Marriage and Morals, he wrote The Scientific Outlook and delivered the Mans Peril broadcast on BBC. Jean-Paul Sartre attended his tribunal, where he exposed American atrocities in Vietnam, years after his winning the Nobel prize in 1950 for literature. His most famous work developed the theory of types in mathematical logic. For ten points, name this philosopher who wrote Principia Mathematica along with Alfred North Whitehead.
[A]: Social Science

[Q]: A second-order version of this effect was derived by Opik and Price and results from mixing between states, while determining the adiabatic potential energy surface for systems undergoing this effect leads to the "Mexican Hat" potential. UV-vis spectra for systems undergoing it show splitting of bands, and this effect explains the structure of the cyclooctatriene anion. This phenomenon is responsible for the sharp vertical transition line between low-spin and high-spin states in some Tanabe-Sugano diagrams, and another version of this effect occurs because orbital angular momentum defines the parity of the wavefunction in linear molecules, a version partly named for Renner. It occurs most strongly in systems in which the e sub g orbitals are unevenly occupied, forcing them into a lower energy state. For 10 points, name this effect in which a molecule is distorted in order to break degeneracy and lower energy.
[A]:
Science