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Do not breed unless you have plans that include the proper long-term commitment to the breed, the health and safety of the bitch and puppies, and the willingness to completely understand the bulldog and its needs. There are too many backyard breeders trying to jump in and breed dogs with almost no experience or understanding of this unique breed. They see the prices they sell for and try to get in and fill their pockets with money. The sad part about this is the end result is not good for the bulldog. Many bulldogs suffer from breathing difficulties because of a combination of flat faces, large tongues, and small windpipes. If either of the mating pair of bulldogs has had to have surgery in order to open up their nostrils, trim back parts of their soft palates, or remove their tonsils, do not breed them. The genetics for a crowded throat will be passed onto the pups and will perpetuate these distressing problems. Even if your bulldogs haven't required surgery, you should still avoid breeding them if they struggle to breathe. Do not breed the female during summer months if she has breathing troubles. The hot weather will compound the issue during pregnancy and cause the bitch undue distress. Evidence suggests that the character of the mother is passed onto her puppies. If she is excessively nervous or she is aggressive, her puppies are likely to have similar non ideal behavior patterns. The best bitch to breed from is a calm, friendly, and gentle dog. A calmer female will also make a better mother who is less likely to be snappy or insecure when it comes to her puppies. It is vital to ensure that she has healthy skin and is free from skin parasites. A form of mange caused by the demodex mite can be made much worse by the stress of pregnancy, and she could lose her fur and develop a rhino-like skin. In addition, the demodex mite can be transferred to the pups at whelping, which means they are born with the mite and will go on to have poor coats and skin. Not only is this undesirable but it can make the pups harder to sell, so you are more likely to be left with them on your hands. One full month before you want to breed your English bulldogs, you should have your veterinarian perform a full physical examination of the female. Ensure that she is up to date on all vaccinations, that she's free of any worms, and that she does not test positive for brucellosis, a bacterial disease that can cause spontaneous abortion. You should also have the veterinarian perform a genetic screening. Even healthy bulldogs can still pass on undesirable genetic traits. Responsible breeding should always seek to weed out traits that can lead to health complications associated with the breed. The stud (male bulldog) you choose should also be tested for brucellosis. Your bulldog will have her first heat sometime after six months of age, but you should never breed a bitch before her second heat, which she will have every six months after her first one.

summary: Understand the responsibility of breeding. Do not breed dogs with underlying health issues. Consider the female's temperament. Check her for mites. Have a vet perform a physical. Do not breed her before her second cycle.

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Grip the end of the new valve cartridge (which should be identical to the old cartridge) with pliers and slide it back into its slot in the wall. Wiggle the cartridge back and forth if at any point it gets stuck and won't slide any further. If your valve cartridge will not slide into the wall or seems too small for the slot, you may have bought the wrong size. Double-check the valve size and model to make sure it matches your old cartridge. If you notice severe rust and corrosion while changing the shower valve, then you may need to change out the entire tub and shower valve assembly. Using your needlenose pliers, pick up the new valve's metal clip and insert it into place. It should fit in the same spot as the old valve's metal clip and be inserted from the top. If you tightened the water stops, loosen them by turning or screwing them to the right. Turn on the water supply to the entire house if you turned off the entire water supply because you couldn't locate the stops. Set the trim plate back over the access hole and screw it in place on both sides. If it had a layer of calk securing it around the sides, apply a new layer. Screw the shower handle back in place, turn it on to make sure it works, and remove the cloth from the drain. If you enlarged the wall opening earlier, you should be able to put everything back in place so long as the hole is not larger than the trim plate. Fill the hole back in if you accidentally made it too large.

summary: Insert your new valve. Slide the metal clip back into place. Turn on the water supply. Put the trim plate and handle back in place.

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Pruning the plants while they're young will allow you to help shape how they grow. Once the herbs have a full set of leaves, they're old enough to be pruned. For many herbs, you can begin pruning them once they're roughly 6 inches (15cm) tall. Pruning your herbs will make them sturdier, allow them to grow more leaves, and prevent them from becoming too bushy or top-heavy. Locate the spot where the branches and leaves meet the main stalk. Use clean scissors to make a cut right above the set of leaves. This cut will allow 2 new stems to grow from that spot, giving your plant more volume. You can use your fingers to prune delicate plants. Make sure you don't rip off stems, as this can lead to disease. This will leave a solid base for the plant to grow from. You can trim the plant right above the 1st or 2nd set of leaves when pruning the side stems that will grow from that initial cut. This is an especially helpful way to grow herbs like basil abundantly. Thicker herbs like thyme, rosemary, and sage don't need to be pruned very often unless you want to harvest them frequently. Simply pruning them when you see dead leaves or at least once a year should be enough. Woodier herbs are herbs with hardier stems and leaves, as opposed to delicate herbs with thin stems like basil or cilantro. Try to always prune away leaves before they start to flower. Removing flowers will redirect the energy into leaf production. Remember to prune right above a set of leaves.
summary: Prune your herbs in their early stages. Make your cut right above where the branches intersect the stalk. Cut above the 3rd set of leaves the first time you prune. Trim woodier herbs roughly once a year. Remove flower buds from herbs when you first see them.