Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Input: Consider Input: Context: Downstream effects of muscarinic receptor stimulation in intestinal smooth muscle include contraction and intestinal transit. We thought to determine whether classic transient receptor potential (TRPC) channels integrate the intracellular signaling cascades evoked by the stimulated receptors and thereby contribute to the control of the membrane potential, Ca-influx, and cell responses.', 'We created trpc4-, trpc6-, and trpc4/trpc6-gene-deficient mice and analyzed them for intestinal smooth muscle function in vitro and in vivo.', 'In intestinal smooth muscle cells TRPC4 forms a 55 pS cation channel and underlies more than 80% of the muscarinic receptor-induced cation current (mI(CAT)). The residual mI(CAT) depends on the expression of TRPC6, indicating that TRPC6 and TRPC4 determine mI(CAT) channel activity independent of other channel subunits. In TRPC4-deficient ileal myocytes the carbachol-induced membrane depolarizations are diminished greatly and the atropine-sensitive contraction elicited by acetylcholine release from excitatory motor neurons is reduced greatly. Additional deletion of TRPC6 aggravates these effects. Intestinal transit is slowed down in mice lacking TRPC4 and TRPC6.
Answer: In intestinal smooth muscle cells TRPC4 and TRPC6 channels are gated by muscarinic receptors and are responsible for mI(CAT). They couple muscarinic receptors to depolarization of intestinal smooth muscle cells and voltage-activated Ca(2+)-influx and contraction, and thereby accelerate small intestinal motility in vivo.

Output: Does deletion of TRPC4 and TRPC6 in mice impair smooth muscle contraction and intestinal motility in vivo?

Input: Consider Input: Context: Current views on the control of cell development are anchored on the notion that phenotypes are defined by networks of transcriptional activity. The large amounts of information brought about by transcriptomics should allow the definition of these networks through the analysis of cell-specific transcriptional signatures. Here we test this principle by applying an analogue to comparative anatomy at the cellular level, searching for conserved transcriptional signatures, or conserved small gene-regulatory networks (GRNs) on root hairs (RH) and pollen tubes (PT), two filamentous apical growing cells that are a striking example of conservation of structure and function in plants.', 'We developed a new method for isolation of growing and mature root hair cells, analysed their transcriptome by microarray analysis, and further compared it with pollen and other single cell transcriptomics data. Principal component analysis shows a statistical relation between the datasets of RHs and PTs which is suggestive of a common transcriptional profile pattern for the apical growing cells in a plant, with overlapping profiles and clear similarities at the level of small GTPases, vesicle-mediated transport and various specific metabolic responses. Furthermore, cis-regulatory element analysis of co-regulated genes between RHs and PTs revealed conserved binding sequences that are likely required for the expression of genes comprising the apical signature. This included a significant occurrence of motifs associated to a defined transcriptional response upon anaerobiosis.
Answer: Our results suggest that maintaining apical growth mechanisms synchronized with energy yielding might require a combinatorial network of transcriptional regulation. We propose that this study should constitute the foundation for further genetic and physiological dissection of the mechanisms underlying apical growth of plant cells.

Output: Does transcriptional profiling of Arabidopsis root hairs and pollen define an apical cell growth signature?

Input: Consider Input: Context: The APOE genotype has a uniquely strong influence on the outcome of viral infection. The mechanism is unknown, although one possibility is direct inhibition of viral entry into cells.', 'We have examined the direct anti-infective activity of a peptide analogue of the receptor-binding region of apolipoprotein E (apoE) that is known as "apoE dimer tandem repeat peptide" (apoEdp) and has previously been shown to mimic some of the biological effects of apoE and that recently was shown to bind low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein.', 'apoEdp has activity against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, human immunodeficiency virus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus; concentrations in the range of 1-20 micromol/L inhibit infection by 50%. These biological actions depend on adoption of an alpha -helical structure, as has been found for other biological effects of apoE peptides. The peptide interferes with the earliest stages of viral infection, preventing viral attachment and exerting a mild virucidal action. In addition, an N-terminal fragment of apoE that also contains this binding domain has antiviral activity.
Answer: These data suggest that human apoE or fragments containing the receptor-binding domain may contribute to innate immunity to viral infection by direct disruption of viral particles and/or inhibition of viral attachment, thus reducing viral entry.
Output: Does the receptor-binding region of human apolipoprotein E have direct anti-infective activity?