TASK DEFINITION: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
PROBLEM: This man's namesake elasticity describes surface tension resistance when a surface is stretched, and can be applied to surface-tension-related mass transfer in an effect named for this man and Marangoni. For a mixture at constant temperature and pressure, the change in the chemical potential of the system can be obtained using an equation named for this man and Duhem. Another equation named for this man is used to calculate the degrees of freedom of a system depending in part on its number of components. For 10 points, name this man with a namesake phase rule and a thermodynamic quantity useful in predicting the spontaneity of a chemical reaction, his free energy.

SOLUTION: Science

PROBLEM: This author reminisced about his home life in the essay collections Nuptials and The Wrong Side and the Right Side. Early in his career, he organized the avant-garde Thtre de l'equipe and wrote plays like The Misunderstanding, while later plays include State of Siege and The Just Assassins. He contrasted moral rebellion with political rebellion in his essay The Rebel. FTP, who was this French-Algerian author of the novels The Plague and The Stranger

SOLUTION: Social Science

PROBLEM: This mathematician names an integral to compute the number of times a knot may be mapped onto the sphere, giving the linking number. A formula that sets the integral over a manifold's boundary of the geodesic curvature plus the integral over the manifold of his curvature equal to two pi times the Euler characteristic is named for him and for Bonnet. He is the namesake of a probability distribution which maximizes entropy for a given mean and variance; that distribution is followed by the sums of random variables according to the central limit theorem and has the general form e to negative x squared. For 10 points, name this namesake of the normal distribution.

SOLUTION:
Science