Answer the following question given this paragraph: Wave frequency is the number of waves that pass a fixed point in a given amount of time. Higher frequency waves have more energy. Wave speed is calculated as wavelength multiplied by wave frequency. Wave speed is affected by the medium through which a wave travels. Q: What is the term for the number of waves that pass a fixed point in a given amount of time? Choices: - wave speed - wave distance - wave velocity - wave frequency A:
wave frequency
Answer the following question given this paragraph: In the 1780s, an American scientist named Benjamin Thompson, also known as Count Rumford, was hired by the Elector of Bavaria to supervise the manufacture of cannons. During the manufacturing process, teams of horses harnessed to a large-toothed wheel supplied the power needed to drill a hole several inches in diameter straight down the center of a solid brass or bronze cylinder, which was cooled by water. Based on his observations, Rumford became convinced that heat and work are equivalent ways of transferring energy. Q: According to count rumford, which two are equivalent ways of transferring energy? Choices: - addition and multiplication - osmosis and heredity - time and space - heat and work A:
heat and work
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Our Sun is a star , a sphere of plasma held together by gravity. It is an ordinary star that is extraordinarily important. The Sun provides light and heat to our planet. This star supports almost all life on Earth. Q: What is a buildup of electric charges on objects? Choices: - wattage - potential - conduction - static A:
A: static
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Summary A minimum energy (activation energy, Ea) is required for a collision between molecules to result in a chemical reaction. Plots of potential energy for a system versus the reaction coordinate show an energy barrier that must be overcome for the reaction to occur. The arrangement of atoms at the highest point of this barrier is the activated complex, or transition state, of the reaction. At a given temperature, the higher the Ea, the slower the reaction. The fraction of orientations that result in a reaction is the steric factor. The frequency factor, steric factor, and activation energy are related to the rate constant in the Arrhenius equation: k = Ae - Ea / RT. A plot of the natural logarithm of k versus 1/T is a straight line with a slope of Ea/R. Saylor URL: http://www. saylor. org/books. Q: What term means the minimum energy required in order for a collision between molecules to result in a chemical reaction? Choices: - maximum energy - solar energy - depletion energy - activation energy A:
Answer: activation energy
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The Cell Wall The cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells has a high concentration of dissolved solutes. Therefore, the osmotic pressure within the cell is relatively high. The cell wall is a protective layer that surrounds some cells and gives them shape and rigidity. It is located outside the cell membrane and prevents osmotic lysis (bursting due to increasing volume). The chemical composition of the cell walls varies between archaea and bacteria, and also varies between bacterial species. Bacterial cell walls contain peptidoglycan, composed of polysaccharide chains that are cross-linked by unusual peptides containing both L- and D-amino acids including D-glutamic acid and D-alanine. Proteins normally have only L-amino acids; as a consequence, many of our antibiotics work by mimicking D-amino acids and therefore have specific effects on bacterial cell wall development. There are more than 100 different forms of peptidoglycan. S-layer (surface layer) proteins are also present on the outside of cell walls of both archaea and bacteria. Bacteria are divided into two major groups: Gram positive and Gram negative, based on their reaction to Gram staining. Note that all Gram-positive bacteria belong to one phylum; bacteria in the other phyla (Proteobacteria, Chlamydias, Spirochetes, Cyanobacteria, and others) are Gram-negative. The Gram staining method is named after its inventor, Danish scientist Hans Christian Gram (18531938). The different bacterial responses to the staining procedure are ultimately due to cell wall structure. Gram-positive organisms typically lack the outer membrane found in Gram-negative organisms (Figure 22.15). Up to 90 percent of the cell wall in Gram-positive bacteria is composed of peptidoglycan, and most of the rest is composed of acidic substances called teichoic acids. Teichoic acids may be covalently linked to lipids in the plasma membrane to form lipoteichoic acids. Lipoteichoic acids anchor the cell wall to the cell membrane. Gram-negative bacteria have a relatively thin cell wall composed... Q: The cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells has a high concentration of dissolved solutes. therefore, the osmotic pressure within the cell is what? Choices: - relatively normal - relatively low - relative - relatively high A:
**Answer**
relatively high
(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The cells of all protists have a nucleus. They also have other membrane-bound organelles. For example, all of them have mitochondria, and some of them have chloroplasts. Q: The cells of all protists have a what? Choices: - argon - cell walls - protons - nucleus A:
(A).
nucleus