Q: Does the word "sale" mean the same thing in "They are having a clearance sale: 50% off." and "I got some great bargains at their annual sale."?

A: the same meaning

Q: Does the word "academy" mean the same thing in "A riding academy." and "Academies of literature and philology."?

A: different meanings

Q: Does the word "interpreter" mean the same thing in "She was famous as an interpreter of Shakespearean roles." and "Programs written in the BASIC language are usually run through an interpreter, though some can be compiled."?

A: different meanings

Q: Does the word "advance" mean the same thing in "To advance the ripening of fruit." and "To advance one's interests."?

A:
the same meaning