Problem: Information: - Aldus Pius Manutius ( Italian : Aldo Manuzio ; 1449 -- February 6 , 1515 ) was an Italian humanist who became a printer and publisher when he founded the Aldine Press at Venice . He is sometimes called '' the Elder '' to distinguish him from his grandson Aldus Manutius the Younger . His publishing legacy includes the distinctions of inventing italic type , establishing the modern use of the semicolon , developing the modern appearance of the comma , and introducing inexpensive books in small formats bound in vellum that were read much as modern paperbacks are . - Paulus Manutius (15121574) was a Venetian printer with a humanist education, the third son of the famous printer Aldus Manutius and his wife Maria Torresano. Aldus died when the boy was two, and his grandfather and two uncles, the Asolani, carried on the Aldine Press. After a thorough education, in 1533 Paolo assumed direction of his father's business, which had been damaged by the elder generation's refusal to collaborate with scholarly editors. Paolo determined to revive the reputation of the press, and parted company with his uncles in 1540, devoting his output to the Latin classics. He was a passionate Ciceronian, and perhaps his chief contributions to scholarship are the corrected editions of Cicero's letters and orations ("Epistolae ad familiares" in 1540, "Epistolae ad Atticum" and "Epistolae ad Marcum Iunium Brutum et ad Quintum Ciceronem fratrem" in 1547), his own epistles in a Ciceronian style, and his Latin version of Demosthenes' "Philippics" ("Demosthenis orationes quattuor contra Philippum", 1549). Throughout his life he combined the occupations of a scholar and a printer. As a scholar he is remembered for four elegant Latin treatises on Roman antiquities. His correct editions of the classics, printed in a splendid style, were highly esteemed, yet sales did not always support such productions; in 1556 he received for a time external support from the Venetian Academy founded by Federigo Badoaro. But Badoaro failed disgracefully in 1559, and the academy was extinct in 1562. - Aldus Manutius, the Younger (15471597) was the grandson of Aldus Manutius and son of Paulus Manutius. He was the last member of the Manuzio family to be active in the Aldine Press that his grandfather founded. A child prodigy, he wrote, at the age of fourteen, a treatise on Latin spelling, "Orthographiae Ratio". He is known to have stated that the purpose of grammar is the clarification of syntax. In 1575 he published his "Epitome orthographiae". In 1590 he was called to Rome under Pope Clement VIII to run the Press of the Vatican. In 1597 he died without any heirs to take over his business. What is the relationship between 'aldus manutius' and 'maria torresano'?

A: spouse

Problem: Information: - Computer programming (often shortened to programming) is a process that leads from an original formulation of a computing problem to executable computer programs. Programming involves activities such as analysis, developing understanding, generating algorithms, verification of requirements of algorithms including their correctness and resources consumption, and implementation (commonly referred to as coding) of algorithms in a target programming language. Source code is written in one or more programming languages. The purpose of programming is to find a sequence of instructions that will automate performing a specific task or solving a given problem. The process of programming thus often requires expertise in many different subjects, including knowledge of the application domain, specialized algorithms, and formal logic. - A computer program is a collection of instructions that performs a specific task when executed by a computer. A computer requires programs to function, and typically executes the program's instructions in a central processing unit. - An application domain is a mechanism (similar to a process in an operating system) used within the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) to isolate executed software applications from one another so that they do not affect each other. Each application domain has its own virtual address space which scopes the resources for the application domain using that address space. - In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm is a self-contained sequence of actions to be performed. Algorithms perform calculation, data processing, and/or automated reasoning tasks. - A programming language is a formal computer language designed to communicate instructions to a machine, particularly a computer. Programming languages can be used to create programs to control the behavior of a machine or to express algorithms. - In computing, executable code or an executable file or executable program, sometimes simply an executable or binary, causes a computer "to perform indicated tasks according to encoded instructions," as opposed to a data file that must be parsed by a program to be meaningful. These "instructions" are traditionally machine code instructions for a physical CPU. However, in a more general sense, a file containing instructions (such as bytecode) for a "software" interpreter may also be considered executable; even a scripting language source file may therefore be considered executable in this sense. The exact interpretation depends upon the use; while the term often refers only to machine code files, in the context of protection against computer viruses all files which cause potentially hazardous instruction execution, including scripts, are lumped together for convenience. - Computing is any goal-oriented activity requiring, benefiting from, or creating a mathematical sequence of steps known as an algorithm e.g. through computers. Computing includes designing, developing and building hardware and software systems; processing, structuring, and managing various kinds of information; doing scientific research on and with computers; making computer systems behave intelligently; and creating and using communications and entertainment media. The field of computing includes computer engineering, software engineering, computer science, information systems, and information technology. - A programming paradigm is a fundamental style of computer programming , serving as a way of building the structure and elements of computer programs . Capabilities and styles of various programming languages are defined by their supported programming paradigms ; some programming languages are designed to follow only one paradigm , while others support multiple paradigms . Programming paradigms that are often distinguished include imperative , declarative , functional , object - oriented , procedural , logic and symbolic programming . With different paradigms , programs can be seen and built in different ways ; for example , in object - oriented programming , a program is a collection of objects interacting in explicitly defined ways , while in declarative programming the computer is told only what the problem is , not how to actually solve it . What is the relationship between 'programming paradigm' and 'computer science'?

A:
part of