Answer the following question given this paragraph: The electron cloud of a helium atom contains two electrons, which can normally be expected to be equally distributed spatially around the nucleus. However, at any given moment the electron distribution may be uneven, resulting in an instantaneous dipole. This weak and temporary dipole subsequently influences neighboring helium atoms through electrostatic attraction and repulsion. It induces a dipole on nearby helium atoms (see Figure below ). Q: A weak and temporary dipole that influences nearby atoms through electrostatic attraction and repulsion is known as what? Choices: - a fused dipole - an incomplete dipole - an debased dipole - an instantaneous dipole A:
an instantaneous dipole
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The amount of kinetic energy in a moving object depends directly on its mass and velocity. An object with greater mass or greater velocity has more kinetic energy. You can calculate the kinetic energy of a moving object with this equation:. Q: The amount of kinetic energy in a moving object depends directly on its mass and what else? Choices: - volume - direction - density - velocity A:
velocity
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Quantum-mechanical calculations suggest why the observed bond angles in H2O differ from those predicted by the overlap of the 1s orbital of the hydrogen atoms with the 2p orbitals of the oxygen atom. The mathematical expression known as the wave function, , contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals, LCAO, (a technique that we will encounter again later). The new orbitals that result are called hybrid orbitals. The valence orbitals in an isolated oxygen atom are a 2s orbital and three 2p orbitals. The valence orbitals in an oxygen atom in a water molecule differ; they consist of four equivalent hybrid orbitals that point approximately toward the corners of a tetrahedron (Figure 8.7). Consequently, the overlap of the O and H orbitals should result in a tetrahedral bond angle (109.5). The observed angle of 104.5 is experimental evidence for which quantummechanical calculations give a useful explanation: Valence bond theory must include a hybridization component to give accurate predictions. Note that orbitals may sometimes be drawn in an elongated "balloon" shape rather than in a more realistic "plump" shape in order to make the geometry easier to visualize. Q: This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called what? Choices: - assimilation - hydration - activation - hybridization A:
A: hybridization
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The smallest particle of an element that still has the element's properties is an atom . All the atoms of an element are alike, and they are different from the atoms of all other elements. For example, atoms of gold are the same whether they are found in a gold nugget or a gold ring (see Figure below ). All gold atoms have the same structure and properties. Q: What is the smallest particle of an element that still has the element's properties? Choices: - an ion - a nucleus - an electron - an atom A:
Answer: an atom
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Hydrogen sulfide is a noxious and toxic gas produced from decaying organic matter that contains sulfur. A lethal concentration in rats corresponds to an inhaled dose of 715 molecules per million molecules of air. How many molecules does this correspond to per mole of air? How many moles of hydrogen sulfide does this correspond to per mole of air?. Q: Hydrogen sulfide is a noxious and toxic gas produced from decaying organic matter that contains what? Choices: - tin - methane - helium - sulfur A:
**Answer**
sulfur
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: In a red supergiant, fusion does not stop. Lighter atoms fuse into heavier atoms. Eventually iron atoms form. When there is nothing left to fuse, the star's iron core explodes violently. This is called a supernova explosion. The incredible energy released fuses heavy atoms together. Gold, silver, uranium and the other heavy elements can only form in a supernova explosion. A supernova can shine as brightly as an entire galaxy, but only for a short time, as shown in Figure below . Q: What always continues in a red supergiant? Choices: - heat - movement - fission - fusion A:
A: fusion