Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

[EX Q]: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), produced by the activity of cystathionine-gamma-lyase (CSE), is a key mediator of inflammation in sepsis. The liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are important target and mediator of sepsis. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of CSE-derived H2S on inflammation and LSECs fenestrae in caecal-ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis using CSE KO mice.', 'Sepsis was induced by CLP, and mice (C57BL/6J, male) were sacrificed after 8 hours. Liver, lung, and blood were collected and processed to measure CSE expression, H2S synthesis, MPO activity, NF-B p65, ERK1/2, and cytokines/chemokines levels. Diameter, frequency, porosity and gap area of the liver sieve were calculated from scanning electron micrographs of the LSECs.', 'An increased CSE expression and H2S synthesizing activity in the liver and lung of wild-type mice following CLP-induced sepsis. This was associated with an increased liver and lung MPO activity, and increased liver and lung and plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-, IL-6, and IL-1, and the chemokines MCP-1 and MIP-2. Conversely, CSE KO mice had less liver and lung injury and reduced inflammation following CLP-induced sepsis as evidenced by decreased levels of H2S synthesizing activity, MPO activity, and pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines production. Extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and nuclear factor-B p65 (NF-B) became significantly activated after the CLP in WT mice but not in CSE KO mice. In addition, CLP-induced damage to the LSECs, as indicated by increased defenestration and gaps formation in the LSECs compared to WT sham control. CSE KO mice showed decreased defenestration and gaps formation following sepsis.
[EX A]: 0

[EX Q]: To compare two solutions for fluid resuscitation in post-coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery patients: Ringer's lactate (RL) versus a new solution containing half-molar sodium-lactate (HL).", 'Prospective randomized open label study.', 'The first 12 h post-CABG surgery in an intensive care unit (ICU).', 'There were 230 patients enrolled in the study: 208 were analyzed, with 109 from the HL group and 99 from the RL group.', 'Patients received over the first 12 h post-CABG 10 ml kg BW(-1) HL solution in the HL group versus 30 ml kg BW(-1) of RL solution in the RL group.', 'Hemodynamic status, body fluid balance and inotrope utilization were compared in the two groups. Post-operative cardiac index increase was significantly higher in HL than in RL (P = 0.02), while mean arterial pressure and other hemodynamic parameters were comparable together with urinary output, indicating similar tissue perfusion in both the groups despite a much lower fluid infusion in the HL group. Therefore, a significant negative fluid balance was achieved in the HL but not in the RL group (-790 +/- 71 vs. +43 +/- 115 mL 12 h(-1), P < 0.0001 for HL and RL, respectively). None of the enrolled patients exhibited side effects related to the treatment.
[EX A]: 1

[EX Q]: Anemia is an established adverse risk factor in cardiovascular disease. However, the effect of preoperative anemia is not well defined in heart surgery. This study evaluates the effect of preoperative anemia on early clinical outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.', 'A retrospective, observational, cohort study of prospectively collected data was undertaken on 7,738 consecutive patients undergoing heart surgery between April 2003 and February 2009. Of these, 1,856 patients with preoperative anemia were compared to 5,882 patients without anemia (control group). According to the World Health Organization, anemia was defined as hemoglobin level<13 g/dl for men and <12 g/dl for women. Selection bias not controlled by multivariable methods was assessed with propensity-adjustment method.', 'Overall mortality was 2.1%. Preoperative anemia was associated with tripling in the risk of death (4.6% vs 1.5%, p<0.0001) and postoperative renal dysfunction (18.5% vs 6.5%, p<0.0001). There was also a significant difference between the anemic and non-anemic group in the risk of postoperative stroke (1.9% vs 1.1%, p=0.008), atrial fibrillation (36.7% vs 33%, p=0.003) and length of hospital stay>7 days (54% vs 36.7%, p<0.0001). In propensity-adjusted, multivariable logistic regression, preoperative anemia was an independent predictor of mortality (odds ratio [OR] 1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02 to 2.03), postoperative renal dysfunction (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.43 to 2.1) and length of hospital stay>7 days (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.47).
[EX A]:
0