instruction:
You are given a paragraph, a question and some answer options (associated with "A", "B", "C", "D", etc.) You need to list all the correct answer options with their associated letters (e.g. "A" can be a valid answer). Note that sometimes, more than one option can answer the question correctly and completely. In those cases, please generate all such options separated by a comma (e.g. "A, B" is a valid answer). Do not generate anything else apart from one or more of the following characters: 'A', 'B, 'C', 'D', etc.
question:
Paragraph- Sent 1: In his 1847 Report on Algeria, Tocqueville declared that Europe should avoid making the same mistake they made with the European colonization of the Americas in order to avoid the bloody consequences.
Sent 2: More particularly he reminds his countrymen of a solemn caution whereby he warns them that if the methods used towards the Algerian people remain unchanged, colonization will end in a blood bath.
Sent 3: Tocqueville includes in his report on Algeria that the fate of their soldiers and finances depended on how the French government treats the various native populations of Algeria, including the various Arab tribes, independent Kabyles living in the Atlas Mountains, and the powerful political leader Abd-el-Kader.
Sent 4: In his various letters and essays on Algeria, Tocqueville discusses contrasting strategies by which a European country can approach imperialism.
Sent 5: In particular, the author differentiates between what he terms 'dominance' and a particular version of 'colonization'.
Sent 6: The latter stresses the obtainment and protection of land and passageways that promise commercial wealth.
Sent 7: In the case of Algeria, the Port of Algiers, and the control over the Strait of Gibraltar, were considered by Tocqueville to be particular valuable.
Sent 8: Direct control of the political operations of the entirety of Algeria, however, was not.
Sent 9: Thus the author stresses domination over only certain points of political influence as a means to colonization of commercially valuable areas.
Sent 10: Tocqueville argued that domination via violent means, though unpleasant, is necessary for colonization and justified by the laws of war.
Sent 11: Such laws are not discussed in detail; however, given that the goal of the French mission in Algeria was to obtain commercial and military interest as opposed to self-defense, it can be deduced that Tocqueville would not concur with Just war theory's jus ad bellum criteria of just cause.
Sent 12: Further, given that Tocqueville approved of the use of force to eliminate civilian housing in enemy territory, his approach does not accord with Just War Theory's jus in bellow criteria of proportionality and discrimination.
Question: In what report did Tocqueville state that if the methods for colonization did not change then colonization of the Algerian people would end in a blood bath? (A) His 1847 report on Europe (B) The European Report (C) His 1847 Report on Algeria.
answer:
C.

question:
Paragraph- Sent 1: According to the radar reconstruction, American 77 reemerged as a primary target on Indianapolis Center radar scopes at 9:05, east of its last known position.
Sent 2: The target remained in Indianapolis Center's airspace for another six minutes, then crossed into the western portion of Washington Center's airspace at 9:10.
Sent 3: As Indianapolis Center continued searching for the aircraft, two managers and the controller responsible for American 77 looked to the west and southwest along the flight's projected path, not east-where the aircraft was now heading.
Sent 4: Managers did not instruct other controllers at Indianapolis Center to turn on their primary radar coverage to join in the search for American 77.
Sent 5: In sum, Indianapolis Center never saw Flight 77 turn around.
Sent 6: By the time it reappeared in primary radar coverage, controllers had either stopped looking for the aircraft because they thought it had crashed or were looking toward the west.
Sent 7: Although the Command Center learned Flight 77 was missing, neither it nor FAA headquarters issued an all points bulletin to surrounding centers to search for primary radar targets.
Sent 8: American 77 traveled undetected for 36 minutes on a course heading due east for Washington, D.C. By 9:25, FAA's Herndon Command Center and FAA headquarters knew two aircraft had crashed into the World Trade Center.
Sent 9: They knew American 77 was lost.
Sent 10: At least some FAA officials in Boston Center and the New England Region knew that a hijacker on board American 11 had said "we have some planes."Sent 11: Concerns over the safety of other aircraft began to mount.
Sent 12: A manager at the Herndon Command Center asked FAA headquarters if they wanted to order a "nationwide ground stop."Sent 13: While this was being discussed by executives at FAA headquarters, the Command Center ordered one at 9:25.
Sent 14: The Command Center kept looking for American 77.
Sent 15: At 9:21, it advised the Dulles terminal control facility, and Dulles urged its controllers to look for primary targets.
Sent 16: At 9:32, they found one.
Sent 17: Several of the Dulles controllers "observed a primary radar target tracking eastbound at a high rate of speed" and notified Reagan National Airport.
Sent 18: FAA personnel at both Reagan National and Dulles airports notified the Secret Service.
Question: What target remained in Indianapolis Center's airspace, then crossed into the western portion of Washington Center's airspace at 9:10. (A) The command center (B) Herndon Command Center (C) American 11 (D) Flight 77.
answer:
D.

question:
Paragraph- Sent 1: The Agencies Confer When they learned a second plane had struck the World Trade Center, nearly everyone in the White House told us, they immediately knew it was not an accident.
Sent 2: The Secret Service initiated a number of security enhancements around the White House complex.
Sent 3: The officials who issued these orders did not know that there were additional hijacked aircraft, or that one such aircraft was en route to Washington.
Sent 4: These measures were precautionary steps taken because of the strikes in New York.
Sent 5: The FAA and White House Teleconferences.
Sent 6: The FAA, the White House, and the Defense Department each initiated a multiagency teleconference before 9:30.
Sent 7: Because none of these teleconferences-at least before 10:00- included the right officials from both the FAA and Defense Department, none succeeded in meaningfully coordinating the military and FAA response to the hijackings.
Sent 8: At about 9:20, security personnel at FAA headquarters set up a hijacking teleconference with several agencies, including the Defense Department.
Sent 9: The NMCC officer who participated told us that the call was monitored only periodically because the information was sporadic, it was of little value, and there were other important tasks.
Sent 10: The FAA manager of the teleconference also remembered that the military participated only briefly before the Pentagon was hit.
Sent 11: Both individuals agreed that the teleconference played no role in coordinating a response to the attacks of 9/11.
Sent 12: Acting Deputy Administrator Belger was frustrated to learn later in the morning that the military had not been on the call.
Sent 13: At the White House, the video teleconference was conducted from the Situation Room by Richard Clarke, a special assistant to the president long involved in counterterrorism.
Sent 14: Logs indicate that it began at 9:25 and included the CIA; the FBI; the departments of State, Justice, and Defense; the FAA; and the White House shelter.
Sent 15: The FAA and CIA joined at 9:40.
Sent 16: The first topic addressed in the White House video teleconference-at about 9:40-was the physical security of the President, the White House, and federal agencies.
Sent 17: Immediately thereafter it was reported that a plane had hit the Pentagon.
Sent 18: We found no evidence that video teleconference participants had any prior information that American 77 had been hijacked and was heading directly toward Washington.
Question: What agencies were involved with the video teleconference was conducted from the Situation Room by Richard Clarke? (A) The Departments of State, Justice and Defense (B) CIA; the FBI; the departments of State, Justice, and Defense; the FAA; and the White House shelter, and the CIA (C) CIA, FAA, FBI (D) The FAA and The CIA.
answer:
B, C.