In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.

Input: Consider Input: SECTION 1. ENCOURAGING THE PREPARATION OF TANF RECIPIENTS FOR HIGH-
SKILL, HIGH-DEMAND JOBS.

(a) In General.--Section 407(c)(2)(D) of the Social Security Act
(42 U.S.C. 607(c)(2)(D)) is amended to read as follows:
''(D) Limitation on number of persons who may be
treated as engaged in work by reason of participation
in educational activities.--
''(i) In general.--Except as provided in
clause (ii), for purposes of paragraphs
(1)(B)(i) and (2)(B) of subsection (b), not
more than 30 percent of the number of
individuals in all families in a State who are
treated as engaged in work for a month may
consist of individuals who are--
''(I) determined to be engaged in
work for the month by reason of
participation in vocational educational
training (but only with respect to such
training that does not exceed 12 months
with respect to any individual); or
''(II) deemed to be engaged in work
for the month by reason of subparagraph
(C) of this paragraph.
''(ii) Exception for education in
preparation for sector-specific, high-skill
occupations to meet employer demand.--
''(I) In general.--Notwithstanding
clause (i) and subsection (d)(8), for
purposes of determining monthly
participation rates under paragraphs
(1)(B)(i) and (2)(B) of subsection (b)
with respect to an individual who is
enrolled, in preparation for a sector-
specific, high-skill occupation to meet
employer demand (as defined in
subclause (II)), in a postsecondary 2-
or 4-year degree program or in
vocational educational training--
''(aa) the State may count
the number of hours per week
that the individual attends
such program or training for
purposes of determining the
number of hours for which a
family is engaged in work for
the month without regard to the
30 percent limitation under
clause (i); and
''(bb) the individual shall
be permitted to complete the
requirements of the degree
program or vocational
educational training within the
normal time frame for full-time
students seeking the particular
degree or completing such
vocational educational
training.
''(II) Sector-specific, high-skill
occupation to meet employer demand
defined.--In subclause (I), the term
'sector-specific, high-demand, high-
skill occupation to meet employer
demand' means an occupation--
''(aa) that has been
identified by the State
workforce investment board
established under section 111
of the Workforce Investment Act
of 1998 (29 U.S.C. 2821) as
within the needs of the State
with regard to current and
projected employment
opportunities in specific
industry sectors or that has
been defined by the State
agency administering the State
program funded under this part
as within the needs of the
State with regard to current
and projected employment
opportunities in specific
industry sectors and is
consistent with high demand
jobs identified in the State
plan in accordance with section
402(a)(1)(A)(vii);
''(bb) that requires
occupational training; and
''(cc) that provides a wage
of at least 75 percent of the
State median hourly wage, as
calculated by the Bureau of
Labor Statistics on the basis
of the most recent Occupational
Employment and Wage Survey.''.
(b) Conforming State Plan Amendment.--Section 402(a)(1)(B) of the
Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 602(a)(1)(B)) is amended by adding at
the end the following:
''(vii) The document shall describe any
strategies and programs the State plans to use
to address employment placement, retention, and
advancement for recipients of assistance under
the program, including placement into high-
demand jobs and whether such jobs are
identified using labor market information.''.
(c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section take
effect on October 1, 2005.

Output: Revises the mandatory work requirements of part A (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families) (TANF) of title IV of the Social Security Act with respect to the limitation on the number of persons in a state who may be treated as engaged in work by reason of participation in educational activities. Removes two-parent families from the formula for such limitation. Creates an exception to the limitation for education in preparation for sector-specific, high-skill occupations to meet employer demand.

Defines sector-specific, high-demand, high-skill occupation to meet employer demand as an occupation that: (1) has been identified by the state workforce investment board or by the state agency administering the state TANF program as within state needs with regard to current and projected employment opportunities in specific industry sectors; (2) requires occupational training; and (3) provides a wage of at least 75 percent of the state median hourly wage.

Input: Consider Input: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Senator Paul Simon Water for the
Poor Enhancement Act of 2008''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

Congress finds the following:
(1) The Senator Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act of 2005
(Public Law 109-121)--
(A) makes access to safe water and sanitation for
developing countries a specific policy objective of
United States foreign assistance programs;
(B) requires the Secretary of State to--
(i) develop a strategy to elevate the role
of water and sanitation policy; and
(ii) improve the effectiveness of United
States assistance programs undertaken in
support of that strategy;
(C) codifies Target 10 of the United Nations
Millennium Development Goals; and
(D) seeks to reduce the proportion of people who
are unable to reach or afford safe drinking water and
basic sanitation by 50 percent by 2015.
(2) On December 20, 2006, the United Nations General
Assembly, in GA Resolution 61/192, declared 2008 as the
International Year of Sanitation, in recognition of the impact
of sanitation on public health, poverty reduction, economic and
social development, and the environment.
(3) On August 1, 2008, Congress passed H. Con. Res. 318,
which--
(A) supports the goals and ideals of the
International Year of Sanitation; and
(B) recognizes the importance of sanitation on
public health, poverty reduction, economic and social
development, and the environment.
(4) While progress is being made on safe water and
sanitation efforts--
(A) more than 884,000,000 people throughout the
world lack access to safe drinking water; and
(B) 2 of every 5 people in the world do not have
access to basic sanitation services.
(5) The health consequences of unsafe drinking water and
poor sanitation are staggering, accounting for--
(A) nearly 10 percent of the global burden of
disease; and
(B) more than 2,000,000 deaths each year.
(6) The effects of climate change are expected to produce
severe consequences for water availability and resource
management in the future, with 2,800,000,000 people in more
than 48 countries expected to face severe and chronic water
shortages by 2025.
(7) The impact of water scarcity on conflict and
instability is evident in many parts of the world, including
the Darfur region of Sudan, where demand for water resources
has contributed to armed conflict between nomadic ethnic groups
and local farming communities.
(8) In order to further the United States contribution to
safe water and sanitation efforts, it is necessary to--
(A) expand foreign assistance capacity to address
the challenges described in this section; and
(B) represent issues related to water and
sanitation at the highest levels of United States
foreign assistance deliberations, including
deliberations related to issues of global health, food
security, the environment, global warming, and maternal
and child mortality.

SEC. 3. PURPOSE.

The purpose of this Act is to enhance the capacity of the United
States Government to fully implement the Senator Paul Simon Water for
the Poor Act of 2005 (Public Law 109-121).

SEC. 4. DEVELOPING UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT CAPACITY.

Section 135 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151h)
is amended by adding at the end the following:
''(e) Office of Water.--
''(1) Establishment.--To carry out the purposes of
subsection (a), the Administrator of the United States Agency
for International Development shall establish the Office of
Water.
''(2) Leadership.--The Office of Water shall be headed by
an Assistant Administrator for Safe Water and Sanitation, who
shall report directly to the Administrator.
''(3) Duties.--The Assistant Administrator shall--
''(A) implement this section and the Senator Paul
Simon Water for the Poor Act of 2005 (Public Law 109-
121); and
''(B) place primary emphasis on providing safe,
affordable, and sustainable drinking water, sanitation,
and hygiene.
''(f) Bureau of International Water.--
''(1) Establishment.--To increase the capacity of the
Department of State to address international issues regarding
safe water, sanitation, and other international water programs,
the Secretary of State shall establish the Bureau for
International Water within the Office of the Under Secretary
for Democracy and Global Affairs (referred to in this
subsection as the 'Bureau').
''(2) Duties.--The Bureau shall--
''(A) oversee and coordinate the diplomatic policy
of the United States Government with respect to global
freshwater issues, including--
''(i) access to safe drinking water and
sanitation;
''(ii) river basin and watershed
management;
''(iii) transboundary conflict;
''(iv) agricultural and urban productivity
of water resources;
''(v) pollution mitigation; and
''(vi) adaptation to hydrologic change due
to climate variability; and
''(B) ensure that international freshwater issues
are represented--
''(i) within the United States Government;
and
''(ii) in key diplomatic, development, and
scientific efforts with other nations and
multilateral organizations.''.

SEC. 5. SAFE WATER AND SANITATION STRATEGY.

Section 6(e) of the Senator Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act of
2005 (Public Law 109-121) is amended--
(1) in paragraph (5), by striking ''and'' at the end;
(2) in paragraph (6), by striking the period at the end and
inserting a semicolon; and
(3) by adding at the end the following:
''(7) an assessment of the extent to which the United
States Government's efforts are reaching the goal described in
section 135(a)(2) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22
U.S.C. 2152h(a)(2)); and
''(8) recommendations on what the United States Government
would need to do to help achieve the goal referred to in
paragraph (7) if the United States Government's efforts were
proportional to its share of the world's economy.''.

SEC. 6. DEVELOPING LOCAL CAPACITY.

The Senator Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act of 2005 (Public Law
109-121) is amended--
(1) by redesignating sections 9, 10, and 11 as sections 10,
11, and 12, respectively; and
(2) by inserting after section 8 the following:

''SEC. 9. WATER AND SANITATION MANAGERS TRAINING PROGRAM.

''(a) Establishment.--
''(1) In general.--The Secretary of State and the
Administrator of the United States Agency for International
Development shall establish, in every priority country, a
program to train local, in-country water and sanitation
managers, and other officials of countries that receive
assistance under section 135 of the Foreign Assistance Act of
1961 to promote the capacity of recipient governments to
provide affordable, equitable, and sustainable access to safe
drinking water and sanitation.
''(2) Coordination.--The program established under
subsection (a) shall be coordinated by the lead country water
manager designated in subsection (c)(2).
''(3) Expansion.--The Secretary and Administrator may
establish the program described in this section in additional
countries if the receipt of such training would be most
beneficial, with due consideration given to good governance.
''(b) Designation.--The United States Chief of Mission within each
country receiving a 'high priority' designation under section 6(f)
shall--
''(1) designate safe drinking water and sanitation as a
strategic objective;
''(2) appoint an in-country water and sanitation manager
within the Mission to coordinate the in-country implementation
of this Act and section 135 of the Foreign Assistance Act of
1961 with local water managers, local government officials, the
Department of State, and the Office of Water of the United
States Agency for International Development; and
''(3) coordinate with the Development Credit Authority and
the Global Development Alliance to further the purposes of this
Act.''.

SEC. 7. GRANTS FOR LOW COST CLEAN WATER AND SANITATION TECHNOLOGIES.

Section 135(c) of the Foreign Assistance Act (22 U.S.C. 2152h(c))
is amended--
(1) in paragraph (3), by striking ''and'' at the end;
(2) in paragraph (4), by striking the period at the end;
and
(3) by adding at the end the following:
''(5) provide grants through the United States Agency for
International Development to foster the development of low cost
and sustainable technologies for providing clean water and
sanitation that are suitable for use in high priority
countries, particularly in places with limited resources and
infrastructure.''.

SEC. 8. UPDATED REPORT REGARDING WATER FOR PEACE AND SECURITY.

Section 11(b) of the Senator Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act of
2005, as redesignated by section 6, is amended by adding at the end the
following: ''The report submitted under this subsection shall include
an assessment of current and likely future political tensions over
water sources and an assessment of the expected impacts of global
climate change on water supplies in 10, 25, and 50 years.''.

SEC. 9. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

There are authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 2009 and
each subsequent fiscal year such sums as may be necessary to carry out
this Act and the amendments made by this Act.

SEC. 10. CONSTRUCTION.

This Act shall be implemented in a manner consistent with the
Senator Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act of 2005 (Public Law 109-121).
Nothing in this Act shall be construed in such a way as to override or
take precedence over the implementation of that Act.

Output: Senator Paul Simon Water for the Poor Enhancement Act of 2008 - Amends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to direct the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) to establish the Office of Water which shall: (1) implement the Senator Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act of 2005; and (2) place primary emphasis on providing safe drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene.

Directs the Secretary of State to establish the Bureau for International Water within the Office of the Under Secretary for Democracy and Global Affairs which shall: (1) coordinate U.S. diplomatic policy regarding global freshwater issues; and (2) ensure that international freshwater issues are represented within the U.S. government.

Amends the Senator Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act of 2005 to: (1) direct the Secretary and the Administrator to establish in every priority country a program to train local water and sanitation managers to promote government capacity to provide access to safe drinking water and sanitation; and (2) require that the water for peace and security report includes an assessment of current and likely future political tensions over water sources and an assessment of the future impacts of global climate change on water supplies.

Amends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to authorize grants through USAID to develop technologies for providing clean water and sanitation in high priority countries with limited resources and infrastructure.

Input: Consider Input: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''National Neurotechnology Initiative
Act''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

The Congress finds the following:
(1) While the field of neuroscience is highly advanced, our
understanding of how the brain works still has many gaps and
our ability to repair damage remains limited.
(2) Nearly 100,000,000 Americans suffer from a brain or
nervous system disease, injury, or disorder, and the national
economic burden of such brain-related illnesses has reached
over $1,000,000,000,000 per year and is growing alarmingly due
to an aging population.
(3) Critical unmet medical needs exist in almost every area
of the brain and nervous system, including Alzheimer's disease,
addiction, anxiety, chronic pain, depression, epilepsy, hearing
loss, multiple sclerosis, obesity, Parkinson's disease,
schizophrenia, sleep, spinal cord injury, stroke, traumatic
brain injury, and more.
(4) While the science of the brain is moving forward more
rapidly than any other science today, we must ensure these
discoveries quickly become tools to improve the human
condition.
(5) Neurotechnology holds the potential to transform nearly
every aspect of our lives from medicine to defense to education
to computing, as well as our conception of the human mind.
(6) A global race is underway to determine the country that
will lead the neurotechnology economy, which will have long-
lasting implications on employment, infrastructure development,
and regional competitiveness.
(7) Federal leadership is needed to accelerate and
coordinate the development of neurotechnology and bring the
benefits to those in need across the Nation.
(8) Therefore, it is in the national interest for the
Federal Government to increase investment and interagency
coordination of Federal neurotechnology research, development,
and commercialization programs.

SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.

In this Act:
(1) Initiative.--The term ''Initiative'' means the National
Neurotechnology Initiative implemented under section 4.
(2) Neurotechnology.--The term ''neurotechnology'' means
the science and technology that allows an individual to
analyze, understand, treat, and heal the brain and nervous
system.
(3) Qualified staff.--The term ''qualified staff'' means a
Food and Drug Administration employee who has academic training
or significant experience in neurotechnology or related fields,
or who has satisfactorily completed a Food and Drug
Administration neuroscience training course.
(4) Related fields.--The term ''related fields'' means
neuroscience, neuromedicine, cognitive science, behavioral
psychology, neuropharmacology, neuropsychiatry, neuroimaging,
neuroregeneration, neurorehabilitation, neuromodulation,
neurostimulation, biomedical engineering, bioengineering,
molecular biology, computer science, robotics, and such other
fields as the Director of the National Neurotechnology
Coordinating Office determines to be related to
neurotechnology.
(5) Secretary.--The term ''Secretary'' means the Secretary
of Health and Human Services.
(6) Translational.--The term ''translational'' means
relating to research that is focused on converting laboratory
findings into patient treatments.

SEC. 4. NATIONAL NEUROTECHNOLOGY INITIATIVE.

(a) In General.--The Secretary shall implement a National
Neurotechnology Initiative under which, acting through appropriate
agencies, councils, and the National Neurotechnology Coordination
Office established pursuant to section 5, the Secretary shall--
(1) establish goals, priorities, and metrics for evaluation
for Federal neurotechnology research, development,
commercialization, and other activities;
(2) increase the investment in Federal research,
development, and translational programs in neurotechnology, and
related fields as appropriate, to achieve the goals described
in paragraph (1); and
(3) increase interagency coordination of Federal
neurotechnology research, development, and other activities
undertaken pursuant to the Initiative.
(b) Areas of Concentration.--The Initiative shall--
(1) coordinate, support, and extend the neurotechnology-
related activities of the National Institutes of Health and the
work of the Blueprint for Neuroscience Research developed under
section 6(a);
(2) coordinate and promote neuroscience small business
innovation research programs;
(3) facilitate testing and evaluation of advances in
neuromedicine, including drugs, diagnostics, and devices; and
(4) coordinate and promote the study of the social,
ethical, and legal aspects of neurotechnology.

SEC. 5. COORDINATION.

(a) In General.--The Secretary shall establish a National
Neurotechnology Coordination Office, to be headed by a director to be
appointed by the Secretary, that shall--
(1) coordinate Federal neurotechnology activities among the
Department of Health and Human Services, the National
Institutes of Health, the Food and Drug Administration, the
Department of Defense, the Department of Veterans Affairs, and
other Federal agencies;
(2) serve as the point of contact on Federal
neurotechnology activities for academia, industry, professional
societies, State neurotechnology programs, interested citizen
groups, and others to facilitate the exchange of technical and
programmatic information;
(3) conduct public outreach, including dissemination of
findings and recommendations of the National Neurotechnology
Advisory Council established under subsection (c), as
appropriate;
(4) promote access to, and the early application of, the
technologies, innovations, and expertise derived from
activities conducted under the Initiative by agencies and
systems across the Federal Government, and by United States
industry, including start-up companies; and
(5) provide technical and administrative support to the
National Neurotechnology Advisory Council.
(b) Report.--The Director of the National Neurotechnology
Coordination Office shall annually submit to the Secretary a report on
the status of the Initiative. Such reports shall contain the results of
an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Initiative in the year for
which the report is being prepared and the goals and benchmarks for the
following year. The Secretary shall transmit a copy of each report
under this subsection to the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the
House of Representatives and the Committee on Health, Education, Labor,
and Pensions of the Senate.
(c) Advisory Council.--
(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish, or
designate an existing entity as, a National Neurotechnology
Advisory Council.
(2) Qualifications.--
(A) In general.--The Advisory Council shall consist
primarily of members from academic institutions, not-
for-profit organizations, and industry.
(B) Requirements.--Members of the Advisory Council
shall be qualified to provide advice and information on
neurotechnology research, development, demonstrations,
education, technology transfer, commercial application,
delivery, access, or ethical, legal, and social issues
related to neurotechnology.
(C) Recommendations.--In appointing members to, or
designating an entity as, an Advisory Council, the
Secretary may seek and give consideration to
recommendations from the Congress, industry, the
scientific and medical communities (including the
National Academy of Sciences, scientific and medical
professional societies, not-for-profit organizations,
and academia), the defense community, State and local
governments, regional neurotechnology programs, and
other appropriate organizations.
(3) Duties.--The Advisory Council shall provide advice to
the Director of the National Neurotechnology Coordination
Office on matters relating to the Initiative, including
assessing--
(A) trends and developments in neurotechnology and
related fields;
(B) progress made in implementing the Initiative;
(C) the need to revise the Initiative;
(D) the balance among the components of the
Initiative, including funding levels for the program
component areas;
(E) whether the program component areas,
priorities, and technical goals developed by the
Council are helping to maintain United States
leadership in neurotechnology and related fields;
(F) the management, coordination, implementation,
and activities of the Initiative; and
(G) whether ethical, legal, and social issues are
adequately addressed by the Initiative.
(d) Authorization of Appropriations.--
(1) Office.--There is authorized to be appropriated to
carry out subsections (a) and (b) $4,000,000 for each of fiscal
years 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012.
(2) Advisory council.--There is authorized to be
appropriated to carry out subsection (c) $1,000,000 for each of
fiscal years 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012.

SEC. 6. PROGRAMS RELATED TO THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH.

(a) Blueprint for Neuroscience Research.--The Director of the
National Institutes of Health shall develop a program or designate an
existing program, to be known as the Blueprint for Neuroscience
Research, for collaboration among the institutes, centers, and offices
of the National Institutes of Health that support neuroscience research
within the National Institutes of Health. Such program shall--
(1) identify pervasive challenges in neuroscience and any
technological barriers to solving such challenges; and
(2) support the development of new tools, training
opportunities, and other resources to assist neuroscientists in
both basic and clinical research.
(b) Small Business Innovation Research.--In carrying out their
duties under the Small Business Innovation Research Program, the
directors of each of the institutes of the National Institutes of
Health shall--
(1) where appropriate, give high priority to small business
concerns that participate in or conduct neurotechnology
research and development projects; and
(2) annually report to the Director of the National
Neurotechnology Coordination Office concerning the percentage
of Small Business Innovation Research funding being used for
such projects.
(c) Small Business Technology Transfer.--In carrying out their
duties under the Small Business Technology Transfer Program, the
directors of each of the institutes of the National Institutes of
Health shall--
(1) where appropriate, give high priority to small business
concerns that participate in or conduct neurotechnology
research and development projects; and
(2) annually report to the Director of the National
Neurotechnology Coordination Office concerning the percentage
of Small Business Technology Transfer funding being used for
such projects.
(d) Authorization of Appropriations.--
(1) Blueprint for neuroscience research.--There are
authorized to be appropriated to carry out subsection (a)--
(A) $80,000,000 for fiscal year 2009;
(B) $88,000,000 for fiscal year 2010;
(C) $96,800,000 for fiscal year 2011; and
(D) $106,480,000 for fiscal year 2012.
(2) Small business innovation research and small business
technology transfer.--
(A) In general.--There are authorized to be
appropriated to carry out subsections (b) and (c)--
(i) $75,000,000 for fiscal year 2009;
(ii) $82,500,000 for fiscal year 2010;
(iii) $90,750,000 for fiscal year 2011; and
(iv) $99,825,000 for fiscal year 2012.
(B) Limitation.--None of the funding authorized by
this paragraph may be counted toward the expenditure
amounts required by subsections (f) and (n) of section
9 of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 638).

SEC. 7. PROGRAMS RELATED TO THE FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION.

(a) FDA Review.--The Commissioner of Food and Drugs shall direct
the Director of the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, the
Director of the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, and the
Director of the Center for Devices and Radiological Health to improve
the timeliness of the review process for neurology and psychiatry by--
(1) increasing, through recruitment and training, the
number of qualified staff within such Centers; and
(2) improving the processes for creating guidelines with
respect to neurology and psychiatry and communicating those
guidelines to industry.
(b) Neurotechnology Standards Workgroups.--The Commissioner of Food
and Drugs shall sponsor workgroups including academic and industry
representatives to develop standards for preclinical testing and
clinical trial endpoints for emerging brain and nervous system
indications for which clear and achievable standards do not otherwise
exist on the date of the enactment of this Act.
(c) Authorization of Appropriations.--
(1) FDA review.--There are authorized to be appropriated to
carry out subsection (a)--
(A) $26,000,000 for fiscal year 2009;
(B) $28,600,000 for fiscal year 2010;
(C) $31,460,000 for fiscal year 2011; and
(D) $34,606,000 for fiscal year 2012.
(2) Neurotechnology standards workgroups.--There is
authorized to be appropriated to carry out subsection (b)
$4,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012.

SEC. 8. PROGRAMS RELATED TO ETHICAL, LEGAL, AND SOCIAL ISSUES.

(a) American Neurotechnology Study Center.--The Director of the
National Neurotechnology Coordination Office shall--
(1) provide for the establishment, on a merit-reviewed and
competitive basis, of an American Neurotechnology Study Center
that shall--
(A) establish a research program to identify
ethical, legal, and social issues related to
neurotechnology and related fields, and ensure that the
results of such research are widely disseminated; and
(B) conduct, coordinate, collect, and disseminate
studies on such issues; and
(2) provide for public input and outreach to be integrated
into the Initiative by the convening of regular and ongoing
public discussions, through mechanisms such as citizens'
panels, consensus conferences, and educational events, as
appropriate.
(b) Study on the Responsible Development of Neurotechnology.--The
American Neurotechnology Study Center established under subsection (a)
shall conduct a study to assess the need for standards, guidelines, or
strategies for ensuring the responsible development of neurotechnology,
including--
(1) the safety of use of brain interface devices;
(2) human subject guidelines for research and development
of neurotechnology;
(3) the use of neurotechnology in the enhancement of human
intelligence;
(4) the development of defensive technologies relating to
neurotechnology;
(5) the use of neurotechnology in developing artificial
intelligence;
(6) the potential to ease the health care burden through
use of neurotechnology; and
(7) the development of appropriate ethical standards and
guidelines for research and development in neurotechnology.
(c) Study on the Economic Impact of Neurotechnology.--The Director
of the National Neurotechnology Coordination Office shall, on a merit-
reviewed and competitive basis, provide for the conduct of an annual
study to assess the need for analyses, programs, reports, or strategies
for ensuring the development of neurotechnology, including analyzing--
(1) the economic burden of brain and nervous system
disorders and illness;
(2) the economic growth potential of neurotechnology;
(3) national and regional neurotechnology assets; and
(4) global neurotechnology assets.
(d) Authorization of Appropriations.--
(1) In general.--There is authorized to be appropriated to
carry out subsection (a) and (b) $8,000,000 for each of fiscal
years 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012.
(2) Study on the responsible development of
neurotechnology.--There is authorized to be appropriated to
carry out subsection (c) $2,000,000 for each of fiscal years
2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012.
(3) Limitation.--No more than $250,000 per fiscal year
shall be used to carry out subsection (a)(2).
Output: National Neurotechnology Initiative Act - Defines "neurotechnology" to mean the science and technology that allows an individual to analyze, understand, treat, and heal the brain and nervous system.

Requires the Secretary of Health and Human Services to implement a National Neurotechnology Initiative, under which the Secretary shall: (1) establish goals, priorities, and metrics for evaluation for federal neurotechnology research, development, and commercialization; (2) increase the investment in federal research, development, and translational programs in neurotechnology to achieve such goals; and (3) increase interagency coordination.

Requires the Secretary to establish the National Neurotechnology Coordination Office and the National Neurotechnology Advisory Council.

Requires the Director of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to develop the Blueprint for Neuroscience Research to: (1) identify pervasive challenges in neuroscience and any technological barriers to solving such challenges; and (2) support the development of new tools, training opportunities, and other resources to assist neuroscientists in basic and clinical research.

Directs the Commissioner of Food and Drugs to require the Directors of the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, and the Center for Devices and Radiological Health to improve the timelines of the review process for neurology and psychiatry.

Requires the Director of the National Neurotechnology Coordination Office to establish the American Neurotechnology Study Center.