[Q]: The woman upgraded her computer hardware.

effect:
[A]: She installed new software on the computer.
[Q]: I was confused by the professor's lecture.

effect:
[A]: I asked the professor questions.
[Q]: The clouds looked dark.

effect:
[A]: I brought my umbrella to work.
[Q]: I ran out of breath.

cause:
[A]:
I climbed several flights of stairs.