Teacher: In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
SECTION 1. LIABILITY OF BUSINESS ENTITIES PROVIDING USE OF FACILITIES
TO NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS.

(a) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Business entity.--The term ''business entity'' means a
firm, corporation, association, partnership, consortium, joint
venture, or other form of enterprise.
(2) Facility.--The term ''facility'' means any real
property, including any building, improvement, or appurtenance.
(3) Gross negligence.--The term ''gross negligence'' means
voluntary and conscious conduct by a person with knowledge (at
the time of the conduct) that the conduct is likely to be
harmful to the health or well-being of another person.
(4) Intentional misconduct.--The term ''intentional
misconduct'' means conduct by a person with knowledge (at the
time of the conduct) that the conduct is harmful to the health
or well-being of another person.
(5) Nonprofit organization.--The term ''nonprofit
organization'' means--
(A) any organization described in section 501(c)(3)
of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from
tax under section 501(a) of such Code; or
(B) any not-for-profit organization organized and
conducted for public benefit and operated primarily for
charitable, civic, educational, religious, welfare, or
health purposes.
(6) State.--The term ''State'' means each of the several
States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto
Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Northern
Mariana Islands, any other territory or possession of the
United States, or any political subdivision of any such State,
territory, or possession.
(b) Limitation on Liability.--
(1) In general.--Subject to subsection (c), a business
entity shall not be subject to civil liability relating to any
injury or death occurring at a facility of the business entity
in connection with a use of such facility by a nonprofit
organization if--
(A) the use occurs outside of the scope of business
of the business entity;
(B) such injury or death occurs during a period
that such facility is used by the nonprofit
organization; and
(C) the business entity authorized the use of such
facility by the nonprofit organization.
(2) Application.--This subsection shall apply--
(A) with respect to civil liability under Federal
and State law; and
(B) regardless of whether a nonprofit organization
pays for the use of a facility.
(c) Exception for Liability.--Subsection (b) shall not apply to an
injury or death that results from an act or omission of a business
entity that constitutes gross negligence or intentional misconduct,
including any misconduct that--
(1) constitutes a crime of violence (as that term is
defined in section 16 of title 18, United States Code) or act
of international terrorism (as that term is defined in section
2331 of title 18) for which the defendant has been convicted in
any court;
(2) constitutes a hate crime (as that term is used in the
Hate Crime Statistics Act (28 U.S.C. 534 note));
(3) involves a sexual offense, as defined by applicable
State law, for which the defendant has been convicted in any
court; or
(4) involves misconduct for which the defendant has been
found to have violated a Federal or State civil rights law.
(d) Superseding Provision.--
(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2) and subsection
(e), this Act preempts the laws of any State to the extent that
such laws are inconsistent with this Act, except that this Act
shall not preempt any State law that provides additional
protection from liability for a business entity for an injury
or death with respect to which conditions under subparagraphs
(A) through (C) of subsection (b)(1) apply.
(2) Limitation.--Nothing in this Act shall be construed to
supersede any Federal or State health or safety law.
(e) Election of State Regarding Nonapplicability.--This Act shall
not apply to any civil action in a State court against a business
entity in which all parties are citizens of the State if such State
enacts a statute--
(1) citing the authority of this subsection;
(2) declaring the election of such State that this Act
shall not apply to such civil action in the State; and
(3) containing no other provision.
Solution: Shields a business entity from civil liability relating to any injury or death occurring at a facility of that entity in connection with a use of such facility by a nonprofit organization if: (1) the use occurs outside the scope of business of the business entity; (2) such injury or death occurs during a period that such facility is used by such organization; and (3) the business entity authorized the use of such facility by the organization.
Makes this Act inapplicable to an injury or death that results from an act or omission of a business entity that constitutes gross negligence or intentional misconduct, including misconduct that: (1) constitutes a hate crime or a crime of violence or act of international terrorism for which the defendant has been convicted in any court; or (2) involves a sexual offense for which the defendant has been convicted in any court or misconduct for which the defendant has been found to have violated a Federal or State civil rights law.
Preempts State laws to the extent that such laws are inconsistent with this Act, except State law that provides additional protection from liability. Specifies that this Act shall not be construed to supersede any Federal or State health or safety law.
Makes this Act inapplicable to any civil action in a State court against a business entity in which all parties are citizens of the State if such State, citing this Act's authority and containing no other provision, enacts a statute declaring the State's election that this Act shall not apply to such action in the State.
Reason: This Bill focuses on shielding business entities from civil liability relating to an injury or death depending on the conditions of injury, hence the generated summary is correct.

Now, solve this instance: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Citizens Access to Justice Act of
1997''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

Congress finds that--
(1) property rights have been abrogated by the application
of laws, regulations, and other actions by all levels of
government that adversely affect the value and the ability to
make reasonable use of private property;
(2) certain provisions of sections 1346 and 1402 and
chapter 91 of title 28, United States Code (commonly known as
the Tucker Act), that delineate the jurisdiction of courts
hearing property rights claims, frustrate the ability of a
property owner to obtain full relief for violation founded upon
the fifth and fourteenth amendments of the United States
Constitution;
(3) current law--
(A) has no sound basis for splitting jurisdiction
between two courts in cases where constitutionally
protected property rights are at stake;
(B) adds to the complexity and cost of takings and
litigation, adversely affecting taxpayers and property
owners;
(C) forces a property owner, who seeks just
compensation from the Federal Government, to elect
between equitable relief in the district court and
monetary relief (the value of the property taken) in
the United States Court of Federal Claims;
(D) is used to urge dismissal in the district court
in complaints against the Federal Government, on the
ground that the plaintiff should seek just compensation
in the Court of Federal Claims;
(E) is used to urge dismissal in the Court of
Federal Claims in complaints against the Federal
Government, on the ground that the plaintiff should
seek equitable relief in district court; and
(F) forces a property owner to first pay to
litigate an action in a State court, before a Federal
judge can decide whether local government has denied
property rights safeguarded by the United States
Constitution;
(4) property owners cannot fully vindicate property rights
in one lawsuit and their claims may be time barred in a
subsequent action;
(5) property owners should be able to fully recover for a
taking of their private property in one court;
(6) certain provisions of section 1346 and 1402 and chapter
91 of title 28, United States Code (commonly known as the
Tucker Act) should be amended, giving both the district courts
of the United States and the Court of Federal Claims
jurisdiction to hear all claims relating to property rights in
complaints against the Federal Government;
(7) section 1500 of title 28, United States Code, which
denies the Court of Federal Claims jurisdiction to entertain a
suit which is pending in another court and made by the same
plaintiff, should be repealed;
(8) Federal and local authorities, through complex, costly,
repetitive and unconstitutional permitting, variance, and
licensing procedures, have denied property owners their fifth
and fourteenth amendment rights under the United States
Constitution to the use, enjoyment, and disposition of, and
exclusion of others from, their property, and to
safeguard those rights, there is a need to determine what constitutes a
final decision of an agency in order to allow claimants the ability to
protect their property rights in a court of law;
(9) a Federal judge should decide the merits of cases where
a property owner seeks redress solely for infringements of
rights safeguarded by the United States Constitution, and where
no claim of a violation of State law is alleged; and
(10) certain provisions of sections 1343, 1346, and 1491 of
title 28, United States Code, should be amended to clarify when
a claim for redress of constitutionally protected property
rights is sufficiently ripe so a Federal judge may decide the
merits of the allegations.

SEC. 3. PURPOSES.

The purposes of this Act are to--
(1) establish a clear, uniform, and efficient judicial
process whereby aggrieved property owners can obtain
vindication of property rights guaranteed by the fifth and
fourteenth amendments to the United States Constitution and
this Act;
(2) amend the Tucker Act, including the repeal of section
1500 of title 28, United States Code;
(3) rectify the unduly onerous and expensive requirement
that a property owner, seeking redress under section 1979 of
the Revised Statutes of the United States (42 U.S.C. 1983) for
the infringement of property rights protected by the fifth and
fourteenth amendments of the United States Constitution, is
required to first litigate Federal constitutional issues in a
State court before obtaining access to the Federal courts; and
(4) provide for uniformity in the application of the
ripeness doctrine in cases where constitutionally protected
property rights are allegedly infringed, by providing that a
final agency decision may be adjudicated by a Federal court on
the merits after--
(A) the pertinent government body denies a
meaningful application to develop the land in question;
and
(B) the property owner seeks a waiver by or brings
an appeal to an administrative agency from such denial.

SEC. 4. DEFINITIONS.

In this Act, the term--
(1) ''agency action'' means any action, inaction, or
decision taken by a Federal agency or other government agency
that at the time of such action, inaction, or decision
adversely affects private property rights;
(2) ''district court''--
(A) means a district court of the United States
with appropriate jurisdiction; and
(B) includes the United States District Court of
Guam, the United States District Court of the Virgin
Islands, or the District Court for the Northern Mariana
Islands;
(3) ''Federal agency'' means a department, agency,
independent agency, or instrumentality of the United States,
including any military department, Government corporation,
Government-controlled corporation, or other establishment in
the executive branch of the United States Government;
(4) ''owner'' means the owner or possessor of property or
rights in property at the time the taking occurs, including
when--
(A) the statute, regulation, rule, order,
guideline, policy, or action is passed or promulgated;
or
(B) the permit, license, authorization, or
governmental permission is denied or suspended;
(5) ''private property'' or ''property'' means all
interests constituting property, as defined by Federal or State
law, protected under the fifth and fourteenth amendments to the
United States Constitution; and
(6) ''taking of private property'', ''taking'', or ''take''
means any action whereby restricting the ownership,
alienability, possession, or use of private property is an
object of that action and is taken so as to require
compensation under the fifth amendment to the United States
Constitution, including by physical invasion, regulation,
exaction, condition, or other means.

SEC. 5. PRIVATE PROPERTY ACTIONS.

(a) In General.--An owner may file a civil action under this
section to challenge the validity of any Federal agency action that
adversely affects the owner's interest in private property in a
district court or the United States Court of Federal Claims.
(b) Concurrent Jurisdiction.--Notwithstanding any other provision
of law and notwithstanding the issues involved, the relief sought, or
the amount in controversy, the district court and the United States
Court of Federal Claims shall each have concurrent jurisdiction over
both claims for monetary relief and claims seeking invalidation of any
Act of Congress or any regulation of a Federal agency affecting private
property rights.
(c) Election.--The plaintiff may elect to file an action under this
section in a district court or the United States Court of Federal
Claims.
(d) Waiver of Sovereign Immunity.--This section constitutes express
waiver of the sovereign immunity of the United States with respect to
an action filed under this section.

SEC. 6. STANDING AND EXHAUSTION OF REMEDIES.

(a) In General.--Subject to subsection (b), any person adversely
affected by a Federal agency action shall have standing to challenge
and seek judicial review of that action without first exhausting
administrative remedies.
(b) Adjudication.--
(1) In general.--Any civil action filed under section 5
shall be ripe for adjudication upon a final decision rendered
by the United States, that causes actual and concrete injury to
the party seeking redress.
(2) Final decision.--
(A) In general.--For purposes of this subsection, a
final decision exists if--
(i) the United States, acting under Federal
statute or regulation, makes a definitive
decision regarding the extent of permissible
land uses on the property that has allegedly
been infringed or taken, without regard to any
uses that may be permitted elsewhere; and
(ii)(I) one meaningful application to use
the property has been submitted for a final
decision but is denied; and
(II) if the pertinent Federal statute or
regulation provides for a right of appeal to or
waiver by the pertinent Federal agency from the
final decision regarding such property, the
party seeking redress has brought 1 appeal or
sought 1 waiver from such a final decision.
(B) Appeal or waiver.--For purposes of subparagraph
(A)(ii), the party seeking redress shall not be
required to apply for such an appeal or waiver if--
(i) no such process is available;
(ii) it cannot provide the relief
requested; or
(iii) the prospects for success are
reasonably unlikely and intervention by the
district court or the United States Court of
Federal Claims under this section is warranted
to decide the merits.

SEC. 7. APPEALS.

The United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit shall
have exclusive jurisdiction of any action filed under section 5,
regardless of whether the jurisdiction of such action is based in whole
or part under such section.

SEC. 8. JURISDICTION OF UNITED STATES COURT OF FEDERAL CLAIMS AND
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURTS.

(a) United States Court of Federal Claims.--
(1) Jurisdiction.--Section 1491(a) of title 28, United
States Code, is amended--
(A) in paragraph (1) by amending the first sentence
to read as follows: ''The United States Court of
Federal Claims shall have jurisdiction to render
judgment upon any claim against the United States for
monetary relief founded either upon the Constitution or
any Act of Congress or any regulation of an executive
department or upon any express or implied contract with
the United States, in cases not sounding in tort, or
for invalidation of any Act of Congress or any
regulation of an executive department under section 5
of the Citizens Access to Justice Act of 1997.'';
(B) in paragraph (2) by inserting before the first
sentence the following: ''In any case within its
jurisdiction, the Court of Federal Claims shall have
the power to grant injunctive and declaratory relief
when appropriate.''; and
(C) by adding at the end the following new
paragraphs:
''(3) In cases otherwise within its jurisdiction, the Court
of Federal Claims shall also have supplemental jurisdiction,
concurrent with the courts designated under section 1346(b), to
render judgment upon any related tort claim authorized under
section 2674.
''(4) In proceedings within the jurisdiction of the Court
of Federal Claims which constitute judicial review of agency
action (rather than de novo proceedings), the provisions of
section 706 of title 5 shall apply.''.
(2) Pendency of claims in other courts.--
(A) In general.--Section 1500 of title 28, United
States Code is repealed.
(B) Technical and conforming amendment.--The table
of sections for chapter 91 of title 28, United States
Code, is amended by striking out the item relating to
section 1500.
(b) District Court Jurisdiction.--Section 1346(a) of title 28,
United States Code, is amended by adding after paragraph (2) the
following:
''(3) Any civil action filed under section 5 of the
Citizens Access to Justice Act of 1997.''.
(c) District Court Civil Rights Jurisdiction; Abstention.--Section
1343 of title 28, United States Code, is amended--
(1) by redesignating subsection (b) as subsection (e); and
(2) by inserting after subsection (a) the following new
subsections:
''(b)(1) Any claim or action brought under section 1979 of the
Revised Statutes (42 U.S.C. 1983) to redress the deprivation of a
property right or privilege secured by the Constitution shall be ripe
for adjudication by the district courts upon a final decision by any
person acting under color of any statute, ordinance, regulation,
custom, or usage of any State or territory of the United States, that
causes actual and concrete injury to the party seeking redress.
''(2)(A) For purposes of this subsection, a final decision exists
if--
''(i) any person acting under color of any statute,
ordinance, regulation, custom, or usage, of any State or
territory of the United States, makes a definitive decision
regarding the extent of permissible uses on the property that
has been allegedly infringed or taken, without regard to any
uses that may be permitted elsewhere; and
''(ii)(I) one meaningful application to use the property
has been submitted but is denied; and
''(II) if the applicable statute, ordinance, regulation,
custom, or usage provides for a right of appeal to or waiver by
an administrative agency from the final decision regarding the
property, the party seeking redress has brought 1 appeal or
sought 1 waiver from such a final decision.
''(B) For purposes of subparagraph (A)(ii), the party seeking
redress shall not be required to apply for such an appeal or waiver
if--
''(i) no such process is available;
''(ii) it cannot provide the relief requested; or
''(iii) the prospects of success are reasonably unlikely
and intervention by the United States District Court is
warranted to decide the merits.
''(C) For purposes of this subsection, a 'final decision' for a
ripe claim under section 1979 of the Revised Statutes (42 U.S.C. 1983)
shall not require the party seeking redress to exhaust judicial
remedies provided by any State or Territory.
''(c) Whenever a district court exercises jurisdiction under
subsection (a), in an action where the operative facts concern the uses
of real property, it shall not abstain from exercising or relinquish
its jurisdiction to a State court in an action where no claim of a
violation of a State law, right, or privilege is alleged, and where a
parallel proceeding in State court arising out of the same operative
facts as the district court proceeding is not pending.
''(d) Where the district court has jurisdiction over an action
under subsection (a), where the operative facts concern the uses of
real property, that cannot be decided without resolution of a
significant but unsettled question of State law, the district court may
certify the question of State law to the highest appellate court of
that State. After the State appellate court resolves the question
certified to it, the district court shall proceed with resolving the
merits. The district court shall not certify a question of State law
under this subsection unless the question of State law--
''(1) will significantly affect the merits of the injured
party's Federal claim; and
''(2) is so unclear and obviously susceptible to a limiting
construction as to render premature a decision on the merits of
the constitutional or legal issue in the case.''.

SEC. 9. STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS.

The statute of limitations for any action filed under section 5
shall be 6 years from the date of the taking of private property.

SEC. 10. ATTORNEY'S FEES AND COSTS.

The court, in issuing any final order in any action filed under
section 5, shall award costs of litigation (including reasonable
attorney and expert witness fees) to any prevailing plaintiff.

SEC. 11. RULES OF CONSTRUCTION.

Nothing in this Act shall be construed to interfere with the
authority of any State to create additional property rights.

SEC. 12. EFFECTIVE DATE.

This Act shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act and
shall apply to any agency action that occurs on or after such date.
Student:
Citizens Access to Justice Act of 1997 - Authorizes a property owner to file a civil action to challenge the validity of any Federal agency action that adversely affects the owner's interest in private property in a district court or the United States Court of Federal Claims (claims court).
(Sec. 5) Grants the district court and the claims court concurrent jurisdiction over both claims for monetary relief and claims seeking invalidation of any Act of Congress or any regulation of a Federal agency affecting private property rights. Authorizes the plaintiff to elect to file an action under this section in a district court or the claims court. Waives sovereign immunity of the United States regarding such an action.
(Sec. 6) Grants: (1) any person adversely affected by a Federal agency action standing to challenge and seek judicial review of that action without first exhausting administrative remedies, subject to specified limitations; and (2) the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit exclusive jurisdiction of any action filed under this Act.
(Sec. 8) Modifies Federal judicial code provisions to grant the claims court jurisdiction to render judgment upon certain claims against the United States for monetary relief and for invalidation of any Act of Congress or regulation of an executive department under this Act. Grants the claims court the power to grant injunctive and declaratory relief in any case within its jurisdiction.
Repeals a provision limiting the claims court's jurisdiction with respect to the pendency of claims in other courts. Expands the district court's jurisdiction to include concurrent jurisdiction over civil actions filed under this Act.
Specifies that any claim or action brought to redress the deprivation of a property right or privilege secured by the Constitution shall be ripe for adjudication by the district courts upon a final decision by any person acting under color of any statute, ordinance, regulation, custom, or usage of any U.S. State or territory that causes actual and concrete injury to the party seeking redress.
Sets forth provisions regarding final decisions, related State proceedings, and certification of questions of State law.
(Sec. 9) Sets a statute of limitations for actions filed under this Act of six years from the date of the taking of private property.
(Sec. 10) Directs the court, in issuing a final order in any action filed under this Act, to award litigation costs, including reasonable attorney and expert witness fees, to any prevailing plaintiff.