In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

Input: Consider Input: Context: Severity of rheumatoid arthritis and progression of radiographic joint damage have decreased over the last decades.', 'To examine whether this trend is attributable to an underlying trend towards milder disease or to improved treatment.', 'The study used an inception cohort of patients with early rheumatoid arthritis seen at the Wichita Arthritis Center, Wichita, Kansas, USA, since 1973 and monitored prospectively since their first clinic visit through clinical, radiographic, laboratory, demographic and self-reported data. The radiographic disease progression in patients with disease onset in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s was compared using a multivariate regression model for longitudinal data. The analysis was adjusted for differences in baseline predictors, type of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and steroid use.', '418 patients with rheumatoid arthritis with radiographic follow-up were included. Patients in earlier decades used fewer DMARDs, had longer disease durations and higher tender joint counts at their first visit. Other important predictors of disease progression did not differ significantly between decades of disease onset. The unadjusted rates of radiographic progression differed between decades (analysis of variance, p = 0.01), with a significant trend towards less radiographic progression in more recent times (trend, p<0.001). However, after adjusting for DMARD use, steroid use and baseline predictors, differences between decades vanished (analysis of variance, p = 0.40) and the trend towards less radiographic progression disappeared (trend, p = 0.45).\Question: Are progression of radiographic joint damage in different eras : trends towards milder disease in rheumatoid arthritis attributable to improved treatment?

Output: These results suggest that the observed trend towards milder disease in rheumatoid arthritis is attributable to more effective antirheumatic treatment and not to a secular trend.

Input: Consider Input: Context: Abnormalities of serum sodium are common after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and have been linked to poor outcome. This study analyzed whether abnormal serum sodium levels are associated with cardiac outcomes and mortality after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).', "In a prospective cohort study of SAH patients, the primary predictor variable was subjects' sodium level. Hypernatremia was defined as sodium >143 mmol/L and hyponatremia was <133 mmol/L. Cardiac troponin I (cTi) was measured and echocardiography was performed on three study days. Dichotomous outcome variables were cTi > 1.0 microg/L, left-ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <50%, presence (vs absence) of regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMA) of the LV, pulmonary edema, and death. Additional analyses studied the degree of hypernatremia and sodium supplementation, and the temporal relationship between hypernatremia and cardiac outcomes.", 'The study included 214 subjects. Forty-eight subjects (22%) were hypernatremic on at least one study day, and 45 (21%) were hyponatremic. After multivariate adjustment, hypernatremia was an independent predictor of LVEF <50% (OR 4.7, CI 1.3-16.2, p = 0.015), elevated cTi (OR 3.7, CI 1.2-11.9, p = 0.028), and pulmonary edema (OR 4.1 CI 1.4-1.5, p = 0.008). It was not, however a statistically significant predictor of mortality (p = 0.075).\Question: Does hypernatremia predict adverse cardiovascular and neurological outcomes after SAH?

Output: In the acute period after SAH, hypernatremia is associated with adverse cardiac outcomes and death. SAH patients with hypernatremia should be monitored for evidence of cardiac dysfunction.

Input: Consider Input: Context: Lipolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRLPs) generates phospholipid-rich surface remnants and induces cytotoxic effects in adjacent vascular cells. We hypothesized that by integrating surface remnants into HDL, phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) alleviates cytotoxicity.', 'To test this hypothesis and gain insight into cytotoxicity during the postprandial phase in vivo, we injected normo-TG and hyper-TG human volunteers after a standardized fat meal (postprandial sample) with heparin, thereby stimulating lipolysis (postprandial heparinized sample). Incubation of (primary) human macrophages and primary human endothelial cells with postprandial heparinized hyper-TG plasma induced pronounced cytotoxic effects that were dose dependent on the TG content of the sample. No such effects were seen with normo-TG and postprandial hyper-TG plasma. In vitro lipolysis of VLDL and chylomicrons indicated that both lipoprotein fractions can cause cytotoxicity. Interestingly, in experiments with THP-1-derived macrophages stably transfected with PLTP, PLTP substantially augmented both net phospholipid uptake and apoptotic cell death due to postprandial heparinized hyper-TG plasma. We observed that activation of caspase-3/7, poly-ADP-ribose polymerase, and enhanced bioactivity of acid sphingomyelinase may all contribute to this augmented apoptosis.\Question: Does phospholipid transfer protein augment apoptosis in THP-1-derived macrophages induced by lipolyzed hypertriglyceridemic plasma?
Output: Our data show that lipolysis of TGRLPs and their remodelling by PLTP interact to disturb cellular phospholipid flux and intracellular signaling processes, ultimately leading to apoptosis in human macrophages and endothelial cells.