Information: - </div> War is a state of armed conflict between societies. It is generally characterized by extreme aggression, destruction, and mortality, using regular or irregular military forces. An absence of war is usually called "peace". Warfare refers to the common activities and characteristics of types of war, or of wars in general. Total war is warfare that is not restricted to purely legitimate military targets, and can result in massive civilian or other non-combatant casualties. - An army (from Latin "arma" "arms, weapons" via Old French "armee", "armed" (feminine)) or ground force is a fighting force that fights primarily on land. In the broadest sense, it is the land-based military branch, service branch or armed service of a nation or state. It may also include other branches of the military such as the air force via means of aviation corps. Within a national military force, the word army may also mean a field army. They differ from army reserves who are activated only during such times as war or natural disasters. - Lorraine Campaign is a term used by U.S. Army historians to describe operations of the U.S. Third Army in Lorraine during World War II from September 1 through December 18, 1944. Official U.S. Army campaign names for this period and location are "Northern France" and "Rhineland". The term was popularized by the publication of a volume of the same name by the U.S. Army in 1950. As written by the volume's author: - Hiroshima is perhaps best known as the first city in history to be targeted by a nuclear weapon when the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) dropped an atomic bomb on the city (and later on Nagasaki) at 8:15a.m. on August 6, 1945, near the end of World War II. - World WarII (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the world's nationsincluding all of the great powerseventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of "total war", the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust (in which approximately 11 million people were killed) and the strategic bombing of industrial and population centres (in which approximately one million were killed, and which included the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki), it resulted in an estimated 50 million to 85 million fatalities. These made World WarII the deadliest conflict in human history. - Hugh Marshall Cole ( July 14 , 1910 -- June 5 , 2005 ) was an American historian and army officer , best known as the author of The Lorraine Campaign and The Ardennes : Battle of the Bulge , two volumes of the U.S. Army official history of World War II. Born in Pittsford , Michigan , Cole studied as a young man and achieved his doctorate in history in 1937 from the University of Minnesota . He taught at both Macalester College and the University of Chicago until 1942 . Cole became a U.S. Army officer in 1942 . After serving as the chief of foreign area and language studies for the Army Specialized Training Program , he was assigned as a historical officer on the staff of General Patton 's Third Army , with whom he participated in four campaigns in northern Europe . Subsequently , Cole served as the European Theater deputy historian , and then as theater historian in December 1945 . After leaving military service , he joined the Office of the Chief of Military History in Washington and supervised the preparation of the official histories of the U.S. Army in northwestern Europe during World War II. His own contributions to these works were The Lorraine Campaign ( 1950 ) and The Ardennes : Battle of the Bulge ( 1965 ) . Following his work with OCMH , Cole worked as an operations research specialist with the Johns Hopkins University 's Operations Research Office and later with the Research Analysis Corporation . During 1976 - 77 , Cole held the Harold K. Johnson Chair of Military History at the Army War College . Cole died on June 5 , 2005 of peripheral vascular disease in Alexandria , Virginia . - Strategic bombing is a military strategy used in a total war with the goal of defeating the enemy by destroying its morale or its economic ability to produce and transport materiel to the theatres of military operations, or both. It is a systematically organized and executed attack from the air which can utilize strategic bombers, long- or medium-range missiles, or nuclear-armed fighter-bomber aircraft to attack targets deemed vital to the enemy's war-making capability. - A field army (or numbered army or simply army) is a military formation in many armed forces, composed of two or more corps and may be subordinate to an army group. Likewise, air armies are equivalent formation within some air forces. A field army is composed of 100,000 to 150,000 troops. What is the relationship between 'hugh m. cole' and 'united states army'?
military branch