input question: I read this background article the other day: Klinefelter's syndrome is caused by the presence of one or more extra copies of the X chromosome in a male's cells. Extra genetic material from the X chromosome interferes with male sexual development, preventing the testicles from functioning normally and reducing the levels of testosterone. Triple X syndrome (trisomy X) results from an extra copy of the X chromosome in each of a female's cells. Females with trisomy X have a lower IQ than their siblings. Turner syndrome results when each of a female's cells has one normal X chromosome and the other sex chromosome is missing or altered. The missing genetic material affects development and causes the characteristic features of the condition, including short stature and infertility. I am facing a new situation today: David is a physician with the children's hospital. He is seeing four patients, patient A, patient B, patient C, and patient D. Patient A is a male with Klinefelter's syndrome. Patient B is female with Turner syndrome. Patient C is a male and does not have any of these illnesses. Patient D is a female and she too does not have any of these illnesses. Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Which patient would have lower level of testosterone, patient A or patient C????
output answer: patient A
I read this background article the other day: When the temperature of reactants is higher, the rate of the reaction is faster. At higher temperatures, particles of reactants have more energy, so they move faster. As a result, they are more likely to bump into one another and to collide with greater force. For example, food spoils because of chemical reactions, and these reactions occur faster at higher temperatures (see the bread on the left in the Figure below ). This is why we store foods in the refrigerator or freezer (like the bread on the right in the Figure below ). The lower temperature slows the rate of spoilage. I am facing a new situation today: Rob is a chemist with a pharmaceutical company. He is trying to devise a technique that would be able to control chemical reactions. For that, he conducted two tests. In the first test, he used warmer reactants. He called it reactant A. In the second test, he used cooler reactants. He called it reactant B. Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Would particles would collide with smaller or greater force in reactant A than in reactant B?
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Answer: greater
Q: I read this background article the other day: In slippery conditions some riders prefer to ride fixed because they believe the transmission provides increased feedback on back tire grip. However, there is also an increased risk of loss of control in such conditions. This is especially so when taking into account the large number of riders who ride brakeless. These riders must brake entirely through the drivetrain. Ideally this is done by resisting the forward motion of the pedals, shedding speed while the bike is still moving. Alternatively, though far less efficiently, one can brake by stopping the motion of the pedals in mid-rotation, causing the rear wheel to lock in place, allowing the bicycle to skid and slow down from kinetic friction (see below).[22] Descending any significant gradient is more difficult as the rider must spin the cranks at high speed (sometimes at 170 rpm or more), or use the brakes to slow down. Some consider that the enforced fast spin when descending increases suppleness or flexibility, which is said to improve pedalling performance on any type of bicycle; however the performance boost is negligible compared to the benefits of riding a free wheel.[23] I am facing a new situation today: Many pro cyclists joined 2 races this month: Bay village race on the 17th, and Hill village bike race on the 25th. Bay village race took place on the shores of the nearby bay, while Hill race took place on the hills and valleys 10 miles away. Bay village race competitors experienced bad weather: a thunderstorm took place during the first hour of the competition. Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Which race had fewer cyclists experiencing a higher risk of loss of control?
A: Bay
Question: I read this background article the other day: Turner et al (2006) derived crash prediction models for this report's predecessor and found a pronounced 'safety in numbers' effect in the models. Using the crash prediction model for mid-block locations, generic motorist and cyclist volumes can be used to demonstrate the impacts on the expected crash rate of varying motor vehicle and cycle volumes. As shown in figure 2.20, an increase in the proportion of cyclists to the overall traffic volume causes an increase in expected crashes at mid-block locations, but the crash rate increases at a decreasing rate. That is to say, the crash rate per cyclist goes down as the cycle volume increases. I am facing a new situation today: Berg village and Hill village are renowned for the high number of cyclists living there. Berg village dealt with many traffic casualties because of narrower streets and lanes, While Hill village had wide streets, more traffic signals and a greater number of cyclists. Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Which village had fewer traffic casualties?
Answer: Hill
[Q]: I read this background article the other day: Many respiratory diseases are caused by pathogens. A pathogen is an organism that causes disease in another organism. Certain bacteria, viruses, and fungi are pathogens of the respiratory system. The common cold and flu are caused by viruses. The influenza virus that causes the flu is pictured below ( Figure below ). Tuberculosis, whooping cough, and acute bronchitis are caused by bacteria. The pathogens that cause colds, flu, and TB can be passed from person to person by coughing, sneezing, and spitting. Illnesses caused by bacteria can be treated with antibiotics. Those caused by viruses cannot. I am facing a new situation today: Big city and Large city are situated 50 miles apart, on opposite sides of a mountain range. Both cities have lots of people with respiratory diseases. Big city has more people getting infected by viruses, while Large city has more people infected by bacteria and fungi. Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Which city has more people catching the common cold?
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[A]: Big
Problem: Given the question: I read this background article the other day: One result of air pollution is acid rain. Acid rain is precipitation with a low (acidic) pH. This rain can be very destructive to wildlife. When acid rain falls in forests, freshwater habitats, or soils, it can kill insects and aquatic life. It causes this damage because of its very low pH. Sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides in the air both cause acid rain to form ( Figure below ). Sulfur oxides are chemicals that are released from coal-fired power plants. Nitrogen oxides are released from motor vehicle exhaust. I am facing a new situation today: Hydrologists studied two samples of rain water. Jim studied an acid rain sample from a nearby city, and Dan studied a sample of water from another town. Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Which hydrologist learned more about precipitation with a low (acidic) pH?
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The answer is:
Jim