Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: 7.3 The Vertebral Column The vertebral column forms the neck and back. The vertebral column originally develops as 33 vertebrae, but is eventually reduced to 24 vertebrae, plus the sacrum and coccyx. The vertebrae are divided into the cervical region (C1C7 vertebrae), the thoracic region (T1T12 vertebrae), and the lumbar region (L1L5 vertebrae). The sacrum arises from the fusion of five sacral vertebrae and the coccyx from the fusion of four small coccygeal vertebrae. The vertebral column has four curvatures, the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacrococcygeal curves. The thoracic and sacrococcygeal curves are primary curves retained from the original fetal curvature. The cervical and lumbar curves develop after birth and thus are secondary curves. The cervical curve develops as the infant begins to hold up the head, and the lumbar curve appears with standing and walking. A typical vertebra consists of an enlarged anterior portion called the body, which provides weight-bearing support. Attached posteriorly to the body is a vertebral arch, which surrounds and defines the vertebral foramen for passage of the spinal cord. The vertebral arch consists of the pedicles, which attach to the vertebral body, and the laminae, which come together to form the roof of the arch. Arising from the vertebral arch are the laterally projecting transverse processes and the posteriorly oriented spinous process. The superior articular processes project upward, where they articulate with the downward projecting inferior articular processes of the next higher vertebrae. A typical cervical vertebra has a small body, a bifid (Y-shaped) spinous process, and U-shaped transverse processes with a transverse foramen. In addition to these characteristics, the axis (C2 vertebra) also has the dens projecting upward from. Q: The vertebrae are divided into the cervical region, the thoracic region, and which other region? A:

OPTIONS:
- cylindrical region
- central region
- pelvic region
- lumbar region

A: lumbar region

input: OPTIONS:
- thermometer
- scale
- ruler
- barometer Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Atmospheric pressure can be measured with a barometer. Q: Atmospheric pressure can be measured with what tool? A:
A:
output: barometer

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Hair Growth Hair grows and is eventually shed and replaced by new hair. This occurs in three phases. The first is the anagen phase, during which cells divide rapidly at the root of the hair, pushing the hair shaft up and out. The length of this phase is measured in years, typically from 2 to 7 years. The catagen phase lasts only 2 to 3 weeks, and marks a transition from the hair follicle's active growth. Finally, during the telogen phase, the hair follicle is at rest and no new growth occurs. At the end of this phase, which lasts about 2 to 4 months, another anagen phase begins. The basal cells in the hair matrix then produce a new hair follicle, which pushes the old hair out as the growth cycle repeats itself. Hair typically grows at the rate of 0.3 mm per day during the anagen phase. On average, 50 hairs are lost and replaced per day. Hair loss occurs if there is more hair shed than what is replaced and can happen due to hormonal or dietary changes. Hair loss can also result from the aging process, or the influence of hormones. Q: Anagen, catagen and telogen are phases in the growth of what, which involves the root and follicle? A:

OPTIONS:
- brain
- teeth
- bone
- hair

Answer: hair

Problem: OPTIONS:
- thyroid gland
- water gland
- endocrine gland
- sweat gland
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The skin of many mammals is covered with sweat glands. The glands produce sweat, the salty fluid that helps cool the body. Q: What glands produce the salty fluid that helps cool the body of many mammals? A:
Answer: sweat gland

Problem:OPTIONS:
- glacial movement
- glacial hardening
- glacial formation
- glacier melt

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Because of global climate change, temperatures all over Earth are rising. However, the melting points of Earth's substances, including ice, are constant. The result? Glaciers are melting at an alarming rate. Melting glaciers cause rising sea levels and the risk of dangerous river flooding on land. You can learn more about these effects of melting at this URL: http://video. nationalgeographic. com/video/player/environment/global-warming-environment/glacier-melt. html . Q: What is occurring at an alarming rate as a result of global climate change and the constant melting point of ice? A:
****
A: glacier melt

Problem:OPTIONS:
- multicellular organism
- fungi
- paramecium
- single-celled prokaryotic

Answer the following question given this paragraph: The single-celled prokaryotic organism otherwise known as bacteria. And all it takes is one to quickly grow, under just the right conditions, into millions and billions. Luckily, we know how to control bacteria when necessary. But bacteria do serve many important purposes. In fact, we could not survive without them. Q: What type of organism is a bacteria? A:
****
A:
single-celled prokaryotic