Answer the following question given this paragraph: Virtually all animals have internal digestion of food. Animals consume other organisms and may use special tissues and organs to digest them. (Many other organisms absorb nutrients directly from the environment. ). Q: What do nearly all animals have in common with regards to digestion? Choices: - external digestion of food - complete digestion of food - problematic digestion of food - internal digestion of food A:
internal digestion of food
(Question)
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The adductor muscle that closes the jaw is composed of two muscles in mammals: the temporalis and the masseter. These allow side-to-side movement of the jaw, making chewing possible, which is unique to mammals. Most mammals have heterodont teeth, meaning that they have different types and shapes of teeth rather than just one type and shape of tooth. Most mammals are diphyodonts, meaning that they have two sets of teeth in their lifetime: deciduous or "baby" teeth, and permanent teeth. Other vertebrates are polyphyodonts, that is, their teeth are replaced throughout their entire life. Mammals, like birds, possess a four-chambered heart. Mammals also have a specialized group of cardiac fibers located in the walls of their right atrium called the sinoatrial node, or pacemaker, which determines the rate at which the heart beats. Mammalian erythrocytes (red blood cells) do not have nuclei, whereas the erythrocytes of other vertebrates are nucleated. The kidneys of mammals have a portion of the nephron called the loop of Henle or nephritic loop, which allows mammals to produce urine with a high concentration of solutes, higher than that of the blood. Mammals lack a renal portal system, which is a system of veins that moves blood from the hind or lower limbs and region of the tail to the kidneys. Renal portal systems are present in all other vertebrates except jawless fishes. A urinary bladder is present in all mammals. Mammalian brains have certain characteristics that differ from other vertebrates. In some, but not all mammals, the cerebral cortex, the outermost part of the cerebrum, is highly folded, allowing for a greater surface area than is possible with a smooth cortex. The optic lobes, located in the midbrain, are divided into two parts in mammals, whereas other vertebrates. Q: A unique characteristic of mammals is the ability to chew, this happens by the temporalis and the masseter allowing what? Choices: - Up and down - Bakward and forward - Grinding - side-to-side movement A:
(Answer)
side-to-side movement
Ques: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Elasticity is the ability of a material to return to its original shape after being stretched or compressed. Elastic force is the counter force that resists the stretching or compressing of an elastic material. Q: What is the ability of a material to return to its original shape after being stretched or compressed? Choices: - acidity - viscosity - solubility - elasticity A:
Ans: elasticity
(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Approximate colors are shown, along with pKin values and the pH range over which the color changes. It is important to be aware that an indicator does not change color abruptly at a particular pH value; instead, it actually undergoes a pH titration just like any other acid or base. As the concentration of HIn decreases and the concentration of In increases, the color of the solution slowly changes from the characteristic color of HIn to that of In. As we will see in Section 16.6 "Buffers", the [In]/[HIn] ratio changes from 0.1 at a pH one unit below pKin to 10 at a pH one unit above pKin. Thus most indicators change color over a pH range of about two pH units. We have stated that a good indicator should have a pKin value that is close to the expected pH at the equivalence point. For a strong acidstrong base titration, the choice of the indicator is not especially critical due to the very large change in pH that occurs around the equivalence point. In contrast, using the Saylor URL: http://www. saylor. org/books. Q: What reflex is commonly tested in newborn infants to establish the presence of neuromuscular function? Choices: - phalanges - renal - glandular - plantar A:
(A).
plantar
Ques:Answer the following question given this paragraph: Human earlobes may be attached or free. You inherited the particular shape of your earlobes from your parents. Inherited traits are influenced by genes, which are passed on to offspring and future generations. Things not influenced by genes are not passed on to your offspring. Natural selection only operates on traits like earlobe shape that have a genetic basis, not on traits that are acquired, like a summer tan. Q: The shape of earlobes is an example of what kind of trait, which is influenced by genes and passed along through generations? Choices: - instinct - acquired trait - genetic disorder - inherited trait A:

Ans:inherited trait
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Composed largely of the polysaccharide chitin, the exoskeleton provides an effective barrier defense against most what? Choices: - parasites - white blood cells - vaccines - pathogens A:
Answer:
pathogens