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Boston has a continental climate with some maritime influence, and using the 3 C (27 F) coldest month (January) isotherm, the city lies within the transition zone from a humid subtropical climate (Koppen Cfa) to a humid continental climate (Koppen Dfa), although the suburbs north and west of the city are significantly colder in winter and solidly fall under the latter categorization; the city lies at the transition between USDA plant hardiness zones 6b (most of the city) and 7a (Downtown, South Boston, and East Boston neighborhoods). Summers are typically warm to hot, rainy, and humid, while winters oscillate between periods of cold rain and snow, with cold temperatures. Spring and fall are usually mild, with varying conditions dependent on wind direction and jet stream positioning. Prevailing wind patterns that blow offshore minimize the influence of the Atlantic Ocean. The hottest month is July, with a mean temperature of 73.4 F (23.0 C). The coldest month is January, with a mean of 29.0 F (1.7 C). Periods exceeding 90 F (32 C) in summer and below freezing in winter are not uncommon but rarely extended, with about 13 and 25 days per year seeing each, respectively. The most recent sub-0 F (18 C) reading occurring on February 14, 2016 when the temperature dipped down to 9 F (23 C), the coldest reading since 1957. In addition, several decades may pass between 100 F (38 C) readings, with the most recent such occurrence on July 22, 2011 when the temperature reached 103 F (39 C). The city's average window for freezing temperatures is November 9 through April 5.[c] Official temperature records have ranged from 18 F (28 C) on February 9, 1934, up to 104 F (40 C) on July 4, 1911; the record cold daily maximum is 2 F (17 C) on December 30, 1917, while, conversely, the record warm daily minimum is 83 F (28 C) on August 2, 1975.

What minimizes the influence of the Atlantic ocean on Bostons weather?
Answer: Prevailing wind patterns
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Sextus Julius Africanus further refers to the writings of historian Thallus: "This darkness Thallus, in the third book of his History, calls, as appears to me without reason, an eclipse of the sun. For the Hebrews celebrate the passover on the 14th day according to the moon, and the passion of our Saviour falls on the day before the passover; but an eclipse of the sun takes place only when the moon comes under the sun." Christian apologist Tertullian believed the event was documented in the Roman archives.

Which historian was referenced for the reports?
Answer: Thallus
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Much civil-defence preparation in the form of shelters was left in the hands of local authorities, and many areas such as Birmingham, Coventry, Belfast and the East End of London did not have enough shelters. The Phoney War, however, and the unexpected delay of civilian bombing permitted the shelter programme to finish in June 1940.:35 The programme favoured backyard Anderson shelters and small brick surface shelters; many of the latter were soon abandoned in 1940 as unsafe. In addition, authorities expected that the raids would be brief and during the day. Few predicted that attacks by night would force Londoners to sleep in shelters.

What civil-defense efforts were left to local authorities to handle?
Answer:
shelters