Summarize the following:
Separators are usually not in for long. You will usually have your separators removed at your next orthodontist appointment, when your braces will be put in place. Up until this time, you should brush your teeth back and forth after eating. Brushing your teeth up and down can easily dislodge separators. Separators should not come undone during routine brushing. However, flossing can very easily dislodge a separator. After you eat, avoid flossing in the gaps between your teeth filled by a separator. You may feel some soreness after eating when using separators. You can manage pain with over-the-counter painkillers like ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and naproxen. Take the recommended dose on the bottle. This should take care of some of the pain. Separators sometimes fall out. This can be normal. Remember, separators serve to create space in your teeth for braces. If a separator falls out on its own close to your braces appointment, this means the space has been made. However, if a separator falls out 4 days or more before your appointment, call your orthodontist's office. Losing a separator this soon means you likely accidentally dislodged it via flossing, brushing, or eating. You may need your orthodontist to add a new separator.

summary: Brush your teeth back and forth. Take precautions with flossing. Use over-the-counter painkillers to manage soreness. Talk to your orthodontist if a separator falls out.

Summarize the following:
You can use a sharp knife or an X-Acto knife to create two foam tubes, if you don't have tubes of that length already. Each tube should be about the length from your wrist to your forearm, so if you are smaller or making these for a child, then they may be a bit smaller than one foot each. These foam nunchuks are a perfect addition to a Halloween costume and are completely safe to use, though they are not the most effective. The pen should be positioned horizontally to each tube, and should make a hole from one end to the other. This should be about 1/2-1 inch down from each tube's top. Take about 3 inches (7.6cm) of pipe cleaner, run it through the two holes on one tube, tie it together at the top of the tube, leaving about an inch of space. Then, repeat the process on the other tube, so you now have two tubes with two little pipe cleaner circles at the top. Now, just take a thin piece of rope that is around 3 feet (0.9m) long and tie each end of the rope to the pipe cleaner circles you created. Leave about 2 inches (5.1cm) on each end of the rope. You're all done -- now enjoy your light, safe Nunchaku!

summary: Cut two foam tubes into 2 twelve-inch sections. Use a ballpoint pen to create a hole from one side of the tube to the other. Run a pipe cleaner through each hole and tie the ends together. Tie a thin rope to each of the pipe cleaner circles. Finished.

Summarize the following:
Like any stone, yellow sapphire occasionally contains inclusions and negative space inside the stone. When a gem-cutter slices into one of these imperfections, a small hole can develop. Most jewelers prefer to keep the hole in the gem rather than cut it away, but untrustworthy jewelers sometimes fill the stone with glass or borax paste to add weight and make the stone appear higher quality. Examine the stone by shining a light on it. Patches of unevenness are usually a good indication of this practice. Foil backing reflects more light, making the color of the yellow sapphire look more vibrant and the luster of the gem look brighter. The backing can be hard to see if the stone is already fitted into a setting, but careful examination of the base of the stone under magnification can often reveal a foil backing. Moreover, this potential falsification is more commonly found in antique jewelry, meaning that you may not need to worry about it quite as much if purchasing a new piece. If you have any doubts about the seller you plan to buy from, consider buying loose stones or stones with settings that give you a look at the bottom of the stone. Claw, tension, and channel settings are good examples. On the other hand, closed settings, like the bezel mounting, are often used by scammers to hide flaws and evidence of fraudulence. True yellow sapphire is a pure yellow, but similar, less precious imitations often have slightly different hues. Citrine has a slight green tint, golden topaz has strong traces of orange, and yellow tourmaline has a brighter, lemon-like hue. While a certificate does not give you the same assurance that physically checking the stone might, it does provide you with the satisfaction of knowing that the stone was checked and approved by an official, trusted organization. Look for certificates from national gem societies like the Gemological Institute of America or the American Gem Society.
summary: Watch out for fillings. Be aware of foil backed stones. Keep setting in mind. Note the color. Look for a certificate.