TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given a set of context paragraph and some supporting facts to answer a question. Your task is to generate answer for given question based on set of context paragraphs and supporting facts.
PROBLEM: Context_1 : The Swiss Hitparade (German: Schweizer Hitparade ) are Switzerland's main music sales charts. The charts are a record of the highest-selling singles and albums in various genres in Switzerland. Context_2 : The Gaon Digital Chart is a chart that ranks the best-performing singles in South Korea. Managed by the domestic Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (MCST), its data is compiled by the Korea Music Content Industry Association and published by the Gaon Music Chart. The ranking is based collectively on each single's download sales, stream count, and background music use. In mid-2008, the Recording Industry Association of Korea ceased publishing music sales data. The MCST established a process to collect music sales in 2009, and began publishing its data with the introduction of the Gaon Music Chart the following February. With the creation of the Gaon Digital Chart, digital data for individual songs was provided in the country for the first time. Gaon provides weekly (listed from Sunday to Saturday), monthly and yearly charts. Below is a list of singles that topped the weekly and monthly charts. Context_3 : The Regional Mexican Albums is a genre-specific record chart published weekly by "Billboard" magazine in the United States. The chart was established in June 1985 and originally listed the top twenty-five best-selling albums of mariachi, tejano, norteno, banda and duranguense, which are frequently considered regional Mexican. The genre is considered by musicologist as being "the biggest-selling Latin music genre in the United States", and represented the fastest ever growing Latin genre in the United States after tejano music entered the mainstream market during its 1990s golden age. Originally, "Billboard" based their methodology on sales surveys it sent out to record stores across the United States and by 1991 began monitoring point-of-sales compiled from Nielsen Soundscan. Musicologist and critics have since criticized the sales data compiled from Nielsen, finding that the company only provides sales from larger music chains than from small shops that specialized in Latin musicwhere the majority of Latin music sales are generated. The magazine decided to rank Latin music recordings in August 1970 under the title Hot Latin LPs, which only ranked the best-selling Latin albums in Los Angeles (Pop) and the East Coast (Salsa). Before the chart's inception, musicians' only chart success was the Texas Latin LPs (formerly the San Antonio Latin LPs) section where regional Mexican music was more prominent. Beginning in November 1993, "Billboard" lowered the rankings from twenty-five to fifteen positions on its Latin genre-specific charts, while the Top Latin Albums expanded to fifty titles. From July 2001 until April 2005, the chart increased to twenty titles and then lowered back to fifteen titles. Since 2009, the Regional Mexican Albums chart list the top twenty best-selling albums determined by sales data compiled from Neilsen Soundscan. Context_4 : "Reapers" is a song by English rock band Muse. It was released as the second promotional single from the band's seventh studio album "Drones", and was given a 7" single release, as part of Record Store Day 2016, on 16 April 2016 as the fifth and final single from Drones. It peaked at number 75 on the French Singles Chart, 71 on the Swiss Hitparade singles chart, 37 on "Billboard"' s Hot Rock Songs, and became Muse's highest-charting single on "Billboard"' s Mainstream Rock Songs at number 2. Context_5 : The Canadian Albums Chart is the official album sales chart in Canada. It is compiled every Monday by U.S.-based music sales tracking company Nielsen SoundScan, and published every Tuesday by "Billboard". Context_6 : The Gaon Digital Chart is a chart that ranks the best-performing singles in South Korea. Managed by the domestic Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (MCST), its data is compiled by the Korea Music Content Industry Association and published by the Gaon Music Chart. The ranking is based collectively on each single's weekly download sales, stream count, and background music usage. In mid-2008, the Recording Industry Association of Korea ceased publishing music sales data. The MCST established a process to collect music sales in 2009, and began publicly publishing its data with the introduction of the Gaon Music Chart the following February. With the creation of the Gaon Digital Chart, digital data for individual songs was provided in the country for the first time. Context_7 : "Shut Me Up" is a single by Mindless Self Indulgence, released on September 12, 2006. It is the first track on their third studio album, "You'll Rebel to Anything". "Shut Me Up" peaked at number 7 on the "Billboard" Hot Singles Sales chart and number 1 on the Hot Dance Singles Sales chart. Context_8 : "Evening Wear" and "Mark David Chapman" are songs by Mindless Self Indulgence, released as a double A-side single on January 19, 2009 in the UK and January 20, 2009 in North America. This single includes the video for "Mark David Chapman" in four different formats, directed by Mike Dahlquist, and the previously unreleased song, "Written in Cold Blood". "Evening Wear/Mark David Chapman" peaked at number 2 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 Singles Sales chart and number 1 on the Hot Dance Singles Sales chart. Context_9 : The Christmas Album is the twentieth studio album by Neil Diamond and his first to feature Christmas music. It features orchestral and choir arrangements by David Campbell. The album reached No. 8 on the "Billboard" 200 album sales chart, No. 50 on the UK album sales chart, and No. 30 on Australian music chart. Context_10 : Bardeux is a dance duo from the 1980s. The group was formed in 1986 and consisted of Stacy "Acacia" Smith and Tairrie B. The group's first single "Three Time Lover", went to #10 on Billboard's Hot Dance Singles Sales chart. Tairrie B left the group to pursue a solo career and was replaced by Lisa "Jaz" Teaney. In 1988 the group released their album "Bold as Love" and their second single "Magic Carpet Ride". The single went to #5 on Billboard's Hot Dance Singles Sales chart and #81 on the "Billboard" Hot 100. The group performed the song on Club MTV. "When We Kiss", the third single from the album, would turn out to be the group's biggest hit going all the way to #36 on the Billboard Hot 100. The fourth single released from the album, "Bleeding Heart", was a top 40 hit on the Billboard's Hot Dance Singles Sales chart. A fifth and last single release from that album, "Hold Me, Hold Me" did not chart. fact_1 : "Reapers" is a song by English rock band Muse. fact_2 : It peaked at number 75 on the French Singles Chart, 71 on the Swiss Hitparade singles chart, 37 on "Billboard"' s Hot Rock Songs, and became Muse's highest-charting single on "Billboard"' s Mainstream Rock Songs at number 2. fact_3 : The Swiss Hitparade (German: Schweizer Hitparade ) are Switzerland's main music sales charts. Question: What number did the song "Reapers" by Muse reach on Switzerland's main music sales chart?

SOLUTION: number 75

PROBLEM: Context_1 : Terror Firmer is a 1999 American comedy horror film directed by Lloyd Kaufman, written by Douglas Buck, Patrick Cassidy, Kaufman, and James Gunn, and starring Will Keenan, Alyce LaTourelle, and Kaufman. The film was produced by the Troma Entertainment company, known for distributing campy exploitation films. Context_2 : Mother's Day is a 1980 American horror film directed, co-written and produced by Charles Kaufman, brother of Troma Entertainment co-founder Lloyd Kaufman who served as an associate producer for the film. The plot focuses on a mentally abnormal mother and her two deranged sons capturing and torturing a trio of women camping within the woods. The film also contains elements of the satire and thriller genres. Context_3 : Tim Whelan (November 2, 1893 August 12, 1957) was an American film director, writer, producer and actor best remembered for "The Thief of Bagdad" (1940). At the time of his death, Whelan he was survived by widow, former silent film actress Miriam Seegar, and had two sons, Michael and Tim Jr. The widow Seegar went on to live another 53 years, dying January 2, 2011 at age 103. Context_4 : Patricia Swinney Kaufman (born 1950) is the executive director of the New York State Governor's Office for Motion Picture and Television Development and the deputy commissioner of Empire State Development. Kaufman is the former president of the Association of Film Commissioners International, where she still serves on the board of directors. She is the secretary for the Hamptons International Film Festival and has also acted in some films directed by her husband, Lloyd Kaufman, the co-founder of Troma Entertainment. Context_5 : Troma Entertainment was founded out of the rubble of Lloyd Kaufman's Armor Films in 1974 as a production company. In 1995, Kaufman and vice president Michael Herz formed Troma Team Video who would handle all of their distribution instead of going through a third company. Since 1995, they have been releasing Troma titles (including titles the company has bought since being formed and a mighty collection of older classics with The Roan Group) on DVD and virally. They started re-releasing their films on Blu-ray in 2010. Context_6 : Hack Job is an American horror-thriller film directed by James Balsamo and produced by Lloyd Kaufman. It stars Dave Brockie, Lloyd Kaufman, & Debbie Rochon. Nightmare Sonata provides music for the film. It was released on DVD on 2011 with plans for a 2012 theatrical release. Context_7 : Girl Shy is a 1924 romantic comedy silent film starring Harold Lloyd and Jobyna Ralston. The movie was written by Sam Taylor, Tim Whelan and Ted Wilde and was directed by Fred C. Newmeyer and Taylor. Context_8 : Stanley Lloyd Kaufman, Jr. (born December 30, 1945) is an American film director, producer, screenwriter, and actor. With producer Michael Herz, he is the co-founder of Troma Entertainment film studio, and the director of many of their feature films, including "The Toxic Avenger" and "Tromeo and Juliet". Context_9 : Citizen Toxie: The Toxic Avenger IV is a 2000 American superhero comedy horror film directed by Lloyd Kaufman and written by Kaufman, Michael Herz, Patrick Cassidy, Trent Haaga, and uncredited co-director Gabriel Friedman. Despite being the third sequel to "The Toxic Avenger", Stan Lee's opening narration claims that "Citizen Toxie" is, in fact, the official sequel to the first film. Context_10 : When Nature Calls is a 1985 spoof comedy written and directed by Charles Kaufman and starring Academy Award nominee David Strathairn in an early performance. The film was distributed by Charles Kaufman's brother, Lloyd Kaufman, of Troma Entertainment (sister Susan Kaufman worked as an art director and their father Stanley appeared as an actor in the film). fact_1 : Stanley Lloyd Kaufman, Jr. (born December 30, 1945) is an American film director, producer, screenwriter, and actor. fact_2 : Tim Whelan (November 2, 1893 August 12, 1957) was an American film director, writer, producer and actor best remembered for "The Thief of Bagdad" (1940). Question: Are Lloyd Kaufman and Tim Whelan of the same nationality?

SOLUTION: yes

PROBLEM: Context_1 : Charles Albert Crampton, M.D. (18581915) was an American chemist, born at Davenport, Iowa. He was educated at Purdue (A.C.) and the University of Michigan (Ph.C.). He served as assistant chemist in the United States Department of Agriculture, and became chief chemist of the Internal Revenue Bureau in 1893. Context_2 : Professor Akiko Kobayashi ( , Kobayashi Akiko , born 1943) is a Japanese chemist born in Tokyo. She is the designer and creator of Ni(tmdt)2, the world's first single-component molecular metal. Context_3 : Earl Muetterties (June 23, 1927 January 12, 1984), was an American inorganic chemist born in Illinois, who is known for his experimental work with boranes, homogeneous catalysis, heterogeneous catalysis, fluxional processes in organometallic complexes and apicophilicity. Context_4 : Robert Runnels Williams (February 16, 1886 October 2, 1965) was an American chemist, known for being the first to synthesize thiamine (vitamin B). He first isolated thiamine in 1933, and synthesized vitamin B in 1935. Among his awards were the Elliott Cresson Medal in 1940 and the Perkin Medal in 1947. His brother was Roger J. Williams, another important chemist at the time and discoverer of Vitamin B5. Context_5 : Professor Jean M.J. Frechet (born August 19, 1944, Burgundy, France), American chemist, is a Professor Emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley. In addition, he is the head of Materials Synthesis, Materials Science Division,of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Director of the Organic and Macromolecular Facility for the Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and Vice-President for research at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology. He has authored nearly 900 scientific papers and holds over 70 United States Patents. His research areas include organic synthesis and polymer chemistry applied to nanoscience and nanotechnology with emphasis on the design, fundamental understanding, synthesis, and applications of functional macromolecules. He was a good friend of influential American chemist Linus Pauling and consistently mentions him in his organic chemistry lectures. As of March 2011, he is 16th on the Hirsch index rating of all living chemists with an H-index of 105. He is an elected fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Chemical Society, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and an elected member of the US National Academy of Sciences, the US National Academy of Engineering, and the Academy of Europe (Academia Europaea). Context_6 : Alma Levant Hayden (March 30, 1927 August 2, 1967) was an American chemist, and one of the first African-American women to gain a scientist position at a science agency in Washington, D.C. She joined the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in the 1950s. Hayden graduated from Howard University with a master's degree in chemistry, and became an expert in spectrophotometry, the measurement of how substances absorb light. She published work on infrared and other techniques for analyzing chemicals in a range of journals. Hayden was appointed Chief of the Spectrophotometer Research Branch in the Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1963, and may have been the first African-American scientist at the FDA. Hayden came to national attention in 1963 when she led the team that exposed the common substance in Krebiozen, a long-controversial alternative and expensive drug promoted as anti-cancer. Hayden was married to fellow research chemist Alonzo Hayden, and had two children. She died in 1967. Context_7 : Linus Carl Pauling (February 28, 1901 August 19, 1994) was an American chemist, biochemist, peace activist, author, and educator. He published more than 1,200 papers and books, of which about 850 dealt with scientific topics. "New Scientist" called him one of the 20 greatest scientists of all time, and as of 2000, he was rated the 16th most important scientist in history. Context_8 : The Hunter process was the first industrial process to produce pure ductile metallic titanium. It was invented in 1910 by Matthew A. Hunter, a chemist born in New Zealand, who worked in the US. The process involves reducing titanium tetrachloride (TiCl) with sodium (Na) in a batch reactor with an inert atmosphere at a temperature of 1,000C. Dilute hydrochloric acid is then used to leach the salt from the product. Context_9 : In statistical mechanics, the ice-type models or six-vertex models are a family of vertex models for crystal lattices with hydrogen bonds. The first such model was introduced by Linus Pauling in 1935 to account for the residual entropy of water ice. Variants have been proposed as models of certain ferroelectric and antiferroelectric crystals. Context_10 : Gustavus John Esselen (18881952) was an American chemist born in Roxbury, Boston, Massachusetts. He studied at Harvard University where he was awarded the A.B. (magna cum laude) in chemistry in 1909 and a doctorate in 1912. Until 1921 he was a member of the research staff of General Electric and then of Arthur D. Little. There with Little and Wallace Murray he contrived to make a 'silk' purse from reconstituted collagen extracted from a sow's ear. In 1930 he founded Gustavus J. Esselen, Inc., which following a merger, became Esselen Research Division of United States Testing Co., Inc. Among the successful projects for industrial clients he was involved with was the development of anhydride curing agents for epoxy resins and polyvinyl butyral as an improved material for the subsequent commercialization of laminated glass for use in vehicles etc. More than 40 U.S. patents were issued as a result of his research efforts. He was a member of the American Chemical Society for 43 years, twice chairman of the Northeastern Section (192223) and served as councilor and director of the national organization. From 1919 to 1951 he was chairman of the American Section of the Society of Chemical Industry. Prior to World War II he was a reserve officer in the U.S. Army's Chemical Warfare Service. During the war he was a committee chairman with the Office of Scientific Research and Development. fact_1 : In statistical mechanics, the ice-type models or six-vertex models are a family of vertex models for crystal lattices with hydrogen bonds. fact_2 : The first such model was introduced by Linus Pauling in 1935 to account for the residual entropy of water ice. fact_3 : Linus Carl Pauling (February 28, 1901 August 19, 1994) was an American chemist, biochemist, peace activist, author, and educator. Question: When was the American Chemist born, who introduced the first Ice-type model?

SOLUTION:
February 28, 1901