I read this background article the other day: Increased solar ultraviolet radiation resulting from the Antarctic ozone hole has reduced marine primary productivity (phytoplankton) by as much as 15% and has started damaging the DNA of some fish. Illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing, especially the landing of an estimated five to six times more Patagonian toothfish than the regulated fishery, likely affects the sustainability of the stock. Long-line fishing for toothfish causes a high incidence of seabird mortality. I am facing a new situation today: Red fishery and Brown fishery were both fishing for Patagonian toothfish. Red fishery was fishing illegally, while Brown fishery was regulated and lawful. Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Which fishery had a more negative impact on the sustainability of the fish stock?
Ans: Red

I read this background article the other day: Alcoholic beverages do not make the entire body warmer.[361] The reason that alcoholic drinks create the sensation of warmth is that they cause blood vessels to dilate and stimulate nerve endings near the surface of the skin with an influx of warm blood. This can actually result in making the core body temperature lower, as it allows for easier heat exchange with a cold external environment. I am facing a new situation today: A scientist studied the effects of alcoholic beverages on the human body during severe weather exposure. He decided to experiment on himself. He stood in -30 degrees weather for 2 hours and called it experiment A. He then repeated the experiment, the only difference being that he consumed a pint of hard liquor before and during those two hours, and that was called experiment B. Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: When did the scientist's blood vessels dilate less, during experiment A, or during B?
Ans: experiment A

I read this background article the other day: The quantity of small plastic fragments floating in the north-east Pacific Ocean increased a hundredfold between 1972 and 2012.Marine pollution is a generic term for the harmful entry into the ocean of chemicals or particles. The main culprits are those using the rivers for disposing of their waste. The rivers then empty into the ocean, often also bringing chemicals used as fertilizers in agriculture. The excess of oxygen-depleting chemicals in the water leads to hypoxia and the creation of a dead zone.Marine debris, also known as marine litter, is human-created waste that has ended up floating in a lake, sea, ocean, or waterway. Oceanic debris tends to accumulate at the center of gyres and coastlines, frequently washing aground where it is known as beach litter.In addition, the Pacific Ocean has served as the crash site of satellites, including Mars 96, Fobos-Grunt, and Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite. I am facing a new situation today: The Marlan Sea and The Jowal Sea are two bodies of water currently being studied by scientists at the Hamford Research Complex. The goal of the study is to find out which sea would be a better choice to support the construction of an experimental underwater laboratory. The employees first begin by analyzing the surrounding regions of the two seas. They discover that the Marlan Sea has many rivers flowing into it. The vast majority of these rivers are located near farms that grow crops to sell to the local cities. The Jowal Sea is surrounded by mostly uninhabited land. The rivers that flow into it have almost no human civilizations near them and instead are surrounded by flat plains and some forests. Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Which sea has more oxygen in it?
Ans: Jowal

I read this background article the other day: Any unused energy in foodwhether it comes from carbohydrates, proteins, or lipidsis stored in the body as fat. An extra 3,500 Calories of energy results in the storage of almost half a kilogram (1 pound) of stored body fat. People who consistently consume more food energy then they need may become obese. Obesity occurs when the body mass index is 30.0 kg/m 2 or greater. Body mass index (BMI) is an estimate of the fat content of the body. It is calculated by dividing a person's weight (in kilograms) by the square of the person's height (in meters). Obesity increases the risk of health problems such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension. I am facing a new situation today: Greg wants to go on a diet. He decided it's time to make a change. He cut down on how much he eats every day and monitors his calorie intake, making sure that he is burning more calories that he is taking in. Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Which is used to calculate BMI, weight in pounds or weight in kilograms?
Ans: kilograms