Question: Anti-aircraft warfare or counter-air defence is defined by NATO as "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action." They include ground-and air-based weapon systems, associated sensor systems, command and control arrangements and passive measures (e.g. barrage balloons). It may be used to protect naval, ground, and air forces in any location. However, for most countries the main effort has tended to be 'homeland defence'. NATO refers to airborne air defence as counter-air and naval air defence as anti-aircraft warfare. Missile defence is an extension of air defence as are initiatives to adapt air defence to the task of intercepting any projectile in flight.

Non-English terms for air defence include the German Flak (Fliegerabwehrkanone, "aircraft defence cannon", also cited as Flugabwehrkanone), whence English flak, and the Russian term Protivovozdushnaya oborona (Cyrillic: ), a literal translation of "anti-air defence", abbreviated as PVO. In Russian the AA systems are called zenitnye (i.e. "pointing to zenith") systems (guns, missiles etc.). In French, air defence is called DCA (Defense contre les aeronefs, "aeronef" being the generic term for all kind of airborne device (airplane, airship, balloon, missile, rocket, etc.)). 1. How is anti-aircraft or counter-air defence defined?
2. Who defined it?
3. How many things are included in that?
4. What is one of those things that is included?
5. What is the main efforts in most countries?
6. What do they call it in France?
7. What about in Germany?
8. What task do they have?
9. What are they referred to as in Russia?
10. How many examples are given as to what it is named in other places? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers: 1. "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action
2. NATO
3. Four
4. ground-and air-based weapon systems
5. homeland defence
6. DCA
7. Flak
8. intercepting any projectile in flight.
9. Protivovozdushnaya oborona
10. Four

Q: My summer hols wr CWOT. B4, we usd 2 go 2 NY 2C my bro, his GF & thr3:-@ kids FTF. ILNY, it's gr8. Can you understand this sentence? If you can't, don't feel too bad; neither could the middle school teacher in England who received this as homework. This is Netspeak: the language of computerized communication found on Internet or cell phones. To new comers, it can look like a completely foreign language. So, what is the translation of the sentence above? My summer holidays were a complete waste of time. Before, we used to go to New York to see my brother, his girlfriend, and their three screaming kids face to face. I love New York. It's great. School teachers and parents say this new form of writing is harming the English language. Increasing spelling and grammatical mistakes can be seen in students' writing. They fear the language could become corrupted . "Everyone should just relax", say linguists . They believe Netspeak is in fact more of a good thing. David Crystal, from the University of Wales, argues that Netspeak and Internet create a new language use and the almost lost art of diary writing, has been picked up again. Geoffrey Nurberg, from Stanford University, agrees. "People get better at writing by writing," he says. "kids who are now doing text messaging, e-mails, and instant messages will write at least as well as, and possibly better than their parents." Linguist James says, for centuries, it is believed without exception that young people are harming the language. And you can _ that when today's teenagers become tomorrow's parents. They too will think this way. James argues that languages do not and cannot become corrupted. They simply change to meet the new needs. However, Netspeakers do agree that it is important to teach young people how to speak and write standard English. Cynthia McVey says, "I can understand Netspeak worries teachers and it's important that they get across to their pupils that text messaging is for fun, but learning to write proper English is a must for their future." Perhaps we should give teenagers a little more trust anyway. Erin, aged 12, says, "I wouldn't use text language in my homework. Texting is just for fun. "

1. Netspeak
2. David Crystal
3. Geoffrey Nurberg
4. that Netspeak and Internet create a new language
5. Yes
6. 12
7. like a completely foreign language

Numbered questions:
1. what cant they understand
2. who is from wales university
3. who is from stanford university
4. what did he agree on
5. did linguist james say anything
6. what is the age of erin
7. how does the the language look to people that are new

input: CHAPTER IX

THE SMITING OF AMON

That evening I sat ill at ease in my work-chamber in Seti's palace, making pretence to write, I who felt that great evils threatened my lord the Prince, and knew not what to do to turn them from him. The door opened, and old Pambasa the chamberlain appeared and addressed me by my new titles, saying that the Hebrew lady Merapi, who had been my nurse in sickness, wished to speak with me. Presently she came and stood before me.

"Scribe Ana," she said, "I have but just seen my uncle Jabez, who has come, or been sent, with a message to me," and she hesitated.

"Why was he sent, Lady? To bring you news of Laban?"

"Not so. Laban has fled away and none know where he is, and Jabez has only escaped much trouble as the uncle of a traitress by undertaking this mission."

"What is the mission?"

"To pray me, if I would save myself from death and the vengeance of God, to work upon the heart of his Highness, which I know not how to do----"

"Yet I think you might find means, Merapi."

"----save through you, his friend and counsellor," she went on, turning away her face. "Jabez has learned that it is in the mind of Pharaoh utterly to destroy the people of Israel."

"How does he know that, Merapi?"

"I cannot say, but I think all the Hebrews know. I knew it myself though none had told me. He has learned also that this cannot be done under the law of Egypt unless the Prince who is heir to the throne and of full age consents. Now I am come to pray you to pray the Prince not to consent." 1. What people all have a certain knowledge?
2. What do they know?
3. According to whom?
4. Who agrees with this idea?
5. Whose place did someone try to do their job in?
6. Were they writing enthusiastically?
7. What did they fear?
8. Did someone enter?
9. Who?
10. What was her job?
11. What did she want?
12. Who had Merapi recently interacted with?
13. Are they related?
14. How so?
15. Who had run and is missing?
16. How has her relative avoided problems? Return numbered answers in your output.

output:
1. Hebrews
2. that Pharoah wishes to destroy Hebrews
3. Jabez
4. Merapi
5. Seti's
6. no
7. threats to his Prince
8. yes
9. Pambasa
10. chamberlain
11. to announce Merapi
12. Jabez
13. yes
14. Jabez is her uncle
15. Laban
16. by sending Merapi to plead