TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
PROBLEM: Context: The present analyses intend to clarify if gender and puberty modify the relationship between bone development (modeling and remodeling) and fat mass at the forearm.', 'Data were collected from participants (139 males, 157 females, age = 5-19 years) of the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed study in a cross-sectional investigation. The main outcome measures were total and trabecular bone mineral density (BMDtot and BMDtrab), strength strain index (SSI) and parameters associated with modeling (cortical area, CA; periosteal circumference, CP) and remodeling (cortical bone mineral density, BMDcort, endosteal circumference, CE) were analyzed in their relationship to cross-sectional fat (FA) and muscle area (MA) at the forearm.', 'BMDtot was correlated with FA in pubertal males (r = -0.25). BMDtrab was contrarily predicted by FA in pubertal males and females (r = -0.28 vs. 0.31). FA was correlated with BMDcort (r = -0.32) and CE (r = 0.26) in pubertal females. MA was positively correlated with CA, CP and SSI.\Question: Is local body composition associated with gender differences of bone development at the forearm in puberty?

SOLUTION: Modeling and bone strength were primarily predicted by MA. Markers of remodeling were positively correlated with FA in pubertal females, but not in prepubertal individuals and pubertal males. Therefore, gender and puberty modify the relationship between FA and bone development.

PROBLEM: Context: To evaluate the superiority of transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPO2) before, during and after peripheral transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in comparison with ankle brachial index (ABI) in patients with diabetes.', '40 consecutive patients with diabetes treated by PTA where included. This study shows results before, during and after PTA and their progression for 8 weeks.', 'The TcPO2 increased from 28.118.1 to 48.038.4mmHg, 8 weeks after PTA (p<0.001). The ABI increased from 0.480.38 to 0.770.39 after PTA (p<0.001). After PTA, the stenosis of the vessel decreased from 58.3320.07% to 21.8713.57% (p<0.001). TcPO2 was determined in all the patients, but ABI could not be determined in all patients. Furthermore, we determined patients with "false negatives" with an improvement in ABI and "false positives" in 12.5% of patients. Additionally, in this study, we monitored TcPO2 while performing PTA, revealing variations in each phase of the radiological procedure.\Question: Does transcutaneous oxygen tension measurements following peripheral transluminal angioplasty procedure have more specificity and sensitivity than ankle brachial index?

SOLUTION: The increase in TcPO2 measurements following PTA procedure has more specificity and sensitivity than does ABI. The use of TcPO2 may represent a more accurate alternative than traditional methods (ABI) used in assessing PTA results. The TcPO2 also allows the radiologist to assess changes in tissue oxygenation during PTA, allowing changes to the procedure and subsequent treatment.

PROBLEM: Context: The current study was undertaken to determine if DNA ploidy is a useful prognostic variable for predicting recurrence in stage I endometrial cancer. For cancer of the endometrium, survival following recurrence may depend on a number of factors, including the pattern of recurrence and the response to second line treatment. Previous studies have demonstrated a worse survival for patients with DNA aneuploid tumors. It remains unclear, however, whether this is necessarily due to a higher risk of recurrence. This study was undertaken to assess DNA ploidy and risk of recurrence in patients with stage I endometrial cancer.', 'This is a retrospective study of surgically treated patients with stages IB and IC endometrial cancer treated from 1992 to 2000. All patients underwent definitive surgery, including staging lymphadenectomy. None of the patients received postoperative treatment. DNA ploidy was determined using flow cytometry and image analysis. Grade, lymph-vascular space invasion, stage (stage IB versus IC), and DNA ploidy were analyzed with regard to recurrence and survival.', 'There were 100 patients with stages IB and IC endometrial cancer in this analysis. There were 17 recurrences (17%) and 10 patients that died of cancer (10%). Grade 3 and the presence of lymph-vascular space invasion were associated with increased risk of recurrence; DNA aneuploidy and stage were not. Grade, lymph-vascular space invasion, and DNA ploidy were associated with survival. These findings indicate that DNA aneuploidy does not increase the risk of disease recurrence but is associated with overall survival.\Question: Is dNA aneuploidy associated with increased mortality for stage I endometrial cancer?

SOLUTION:
Although the recurrence risk is not higher for patients with surgical stage I endometrial cancer and aneuploid tumors, overall mortality remains higher.