TASK DEFINITION: Given a scientific passage and an answer, generate a question for the given answer.
PROBLEM: Passage: The electron cloud of a helium atom contains two electrons, which can normally be expected to be equally distributed spatially around the nucleus. However, at any given moment the electron distribution may be uneven, resulting in an instantaneous dipole. This weak and temporary dipole subsequently influences neighboring helium atoms through electrostatic attraction and repulsion. It induces a dipole on nearby helium atoms (see Figure below ). Answer: an instantaneous dipole

SOLUTION: A weak and temporary dipole that influences nearby atoms through electrostatic attraction and repulsion is known as what?

PROBLEM: Passage: The mechanical advantage of a machine is the factor by which the machine changes the input force. It equals the ratio of the output force to the input force. A wheel and axle may either increase or decrease the input force, depending on whether the input force is applied to the axle or the wheel. Answer: mechanical advantage

SOLUTION: What is indicated by the ratio of the output force to the input force in a machine?

PROBLEM: Passage: In the 1920s, physicists discovered that electrons do not travel in fixed paths. In fact, they found that electrons only have a certain chance of being in any particular place. They could only describe where electrons are with mathematical formulas. That's because electrons have wave-like properties as well as properties of particles of matter. It is the "wave nature" of electrons that lets them exist only at certain distances from the nucleus. The negative electrons are attracted to the positive nucleus. However, because the electrons behave like waves, they bend around the nucleus instead of falling toward it. Electrons exist only where the wave is stable. These are the orbitals. They do not exist where the wave is not stable. These are the places between orbitals. Answer: stable

SOLUTION:
Electrons exist only where the wave is what?