Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Neonatal therapy-resistant septic shock is a common problem in middle and low-income countries. We investigated whether newborn infants with infection and therapy-resistant hypotension showed evidence of abnormal levels of cortisol or cortisol precursors.', 'A total of 60 term or near term neonates with evidence of infection were enrolled after informed consent. Of these, 30 had an infection and refractory shock and 30 had an infection without shock. There were no detectable differences between the groups in the length of gestation, birth weight or gender distribution. Serum was obtained during days four and 14 after birth. Cortisol and cortisol precursor concentrations were analysed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.', 'The cortisol concentrations were low considering the expected responses to stress and they did not differ between the groups. The infants with infection and shock had higher serum dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels than those without shock (319.0 110.3 g/dL, versus 22.3 18.3 g/dL; p < 0.0001) and they also had higher 17-hydroxy-pregnenolone, pregnenolone and progesterone concentrations. There were no detectable differences in the levels of 17-hydroxy-progesterone, 11-deoxy-cortisol, cortisol or cortisone.
1

Hedonic hunger refers to consumption of food just for pleasure and not to maintain energy homeostasis. Recently, consumption of food for pleasure was reported to be associated with increased circulating levels of both the orexigenic peptide ghrelin and the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG) in normal-weight subjects. To date, the effects of hedonic hunger, and in particular of chocolate craving, on these mediators in obese subjects are still unknown.', 'To explore the role of some gastrointestinal orexigenic and anorexigenic peptides and endocannabinoids (and some related congeners) in chocolate consumption, we measured changes in circulating levels of ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), anandamide (AEA), 2-AG, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), and oleoylethanolamide (OEA) in 10 satiated severely obese subjects after consumption of chocolate and, on a separate day, of a non-palatable isocaloric food with the same bromatologic composition. Evaluation of hunger and satiety was also performed by visual analogic scale.', 'The anticipatory phase and the consumption of food for pleasure were associated with increased circulating levels of ghrelin, AEA, 2-AG, and OEA. In contrast, the levels of GLP-1, PYY, and PEA did not differ before and after the exposure/ingestion of either chocolate or non-palatable foods. Hunger and satiety were higher and lower, respectively, in the hedonic session than in the non-palatable one.
0

Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a powerful vasoconstrictor, is a 21 amino acid peptide produced by endothelium. It negatively affects pulmonary, cardiac, hepatic, and renal function. It also constricts bronchial and gut smooth muscle. This peptide also stimulates monocytes to produce prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-6 and 8, and substances that stimulate neutrophil superoxide production. Plasma levels of ET-1 also increase in shock, low flow states, ischemia, and sepsis.', 'Fourteen patients between the ages of seven and 72 years were admitted to the Bridgeport Hospital Burn Unit and resuscitated with a modified Parkland formula. Plasma was drawn on admission, at 12, 24, and 48 hours. Endothelin-1 and PGE2 were measured by radioimmunoassay.', 'Endothelin-1 levels increased ten- to 20-fold in all patients. Prostaglandin E2 levels increased five- to 40-fold in all patients. There was no correlation between plasma ET-1 or PGE2 levels with either size of burn, inhalation injury, patient age, organ dysfunction, or survival in this small study of early burn injury.
0