In this task, you are given the abstract of a research paper. Your task is to generate a summary of this abstract. Your summary should not be very short, but it's better if it's not more than 30 words.

Supervised learning depends on annotated examples, which are taken to be the ground truth. But these labels often come from noisy crowdsourcing platforms, like Amazon Mechanical Turk. Practitioners typically collect multiple labels per example and aggregate the results to mitigate noise (the classic crowdsourcing problem). Given a fixed annotation budget and unlimited unlabeled data, redundant annotation comes at the expense of fewer labeled examples. This raises two fundamental questions: (1) How can we best learn from noisy workers? (2) How should we allocate our labeling budget to maximize the performance of a classifier? We propose a new algorithm for jointly modeling labels and worker quality from noisy crowd-sourced data. The alternating minimization proceeds in rounds, estimating worker quality from disagreement with the current model and then updating the model by optimizing a loss function that accounts for the current estimate of worker quality. Unlike previous approaches, even with only one annotation per example, our algorithm can estimate worker quality. We establish a generalization error bound for models learned with our algorithm and establish theoretically that it's better to label many examples once (vs less multiply) when worker quality exceeds a threshold. Experiments conducted on both ImageNet (with simulated noisy workers) and MS-COCO (using the real crowdsourced labels) confirm our algorithm's benefits.
A new approach for learning a model from noisy crowdsourced annotations.

We propose a framework to model the distribution of sequential data coming from
a set of entities connected in a graph with a known topology. The method is
based on a mixture of shared hidden Markov models (HMMs), which are trained
in order to exploit the knowledge of the graph structure and in such a way that the
obtained mixtures tend to be sparse. Experiments in different application domains
demonstrate the effectiveness and versatility of the method.
A method to model the generative distribution of sequences coming from graph connected entities.

We investigate the difficulties of training sparse neural networks and make new observations about optimization dynamics and the energy landscape within the sparse regime. Recent work of \citep{Gale2019, Liu2018} has shown that sparse ResNet-50 architectures trained on ImageNet-2012 dataset converge to solutions that are significantly worse than those found by pruning. We show that, despite the failure of optimizers, there is a linear path with a monotonically decreasing objective from the initialization to the ''good'' solution. Additionally, our attempts to find a decreasing objective path from ''bad'' solutions to the ''good'' ones in the sparse subspace fail. However, if we allow the path to traverse the dense subspace, then we consistently find a path between two solutions. These findings suggest traversing extra dimensions may be needed to escape stationary points found in the sparse subspace.
In this paper we highlight the difficulty of training sparse neural networks by doing interpolation experiments in the energy landscape