Problem: Did you ever wonder who invented products like Liquid Paper, Kevlar or paper bags? Most would think a man invented these items. Guess what? Women invented each of these. What? You don't believe me? Well, read this:

Liquid Paper was invented by Bette Nesmith Graham in 1951 and originally called Mistake Out. Being a typist, Bette was increasingly _ with being unable to erase her typing mistakes. The messy business left her hands black and the paper dirty. Bette was good at painting and remembered that an artist paints over mistakes. She applied that same principle to typing mistakes and Liquid Paper was born, making Bette into a self-made millionaire.

Kevlar, yes, the Kevlar of the bullet proof vest --what police officers and soldiers wear, was invented by Stephanie Kwolek. Stephanie worked for the DuPont Company as a research chemist. She was asked to find a high-performance fiber. Originally, this fiber was intended to be used for car tires . However, the fiber she developed in 1964 was amazing and is still used in products such as sailboats, skis, shoes, and yes, bullet proof vests. In 1995 Stephanie was named to the National Inventor's Hall of Fame.

Margaret Knight invented a machine that revolutionized the making of paper bags. Paper bags had been made like envelopes but Margaret developed a machine that would fold and paste a flat-bottom paper bag, the very same type we still use today. Margaret's family was poor and she started working at the age of nine. Her first invention at the age of twelve was a safety tool for a loom . Later she worked for the Columbia Paper Bag Company. It was there that she worked on improving the making of paper bags. She was issued her patent in 1870.

So next time you use a new product or an old one, will you wonder who made it? Do some research on the web and answer a few questions like: Who invented it? How was it invented? You may be surprised at some of the stories you uncover.
1. Women invented which 3 common products?
2. Who invented liquid paper?
3. In what year?
4. What was the product originally called?
5. What was Bette before becoming an inventor?
6. She was also good at what?
7. Who invented the bullet proof vest?
8. When was it developed?
9. Is it still used today?
10. What honor did she receive in 1995?
11. What did Margaret Knight invent?
12. At what age did she begin working?
13. At what age did she have her first invetion?
14. What did she create?
15. When was her patent issued?
Answer: 1. Liquid Paper, Kevlar or paper bags
2. Bette Nesmith Graham
3. 1951
4. Mistake Out.
5. Typist
6. Painting
7. Stephanie Kwolek
8. 1964
9. yes
10. National Inventor's Hall of Fame
11. a machine that revolutionized the making of paper bags
12. Nine
13. 12
14. safety tool for a loom
15. 1870

Problem: Secularism is the principle of the separation of government institutions and persons mandated to represent the state from religious institutions and religious dignitaries (the attainment of such is termed secularity). One manifestation of secularism is asserting the right to be free from religious rule and teachings, or, in a state declared to be neutral on matters of belief, from the imposition by government of religion or religious practices upon its people. Another manifestation of secularism is the view that public activities and decisions, especially political ones, should be uninfluenced by religious beliefs or practices.

Secularism draws its intellectual roots from Greek and Roman philosophers such as Epicurus and Marcus Aurelius; from Enlightenment thinkers such as John Locke, Denis Diderot, Voltaire, Baruch Spinoza, James Madison, Thomas Jefferson, and Thomas Paine; and from more recent freethinkers and atheists such as Robert Ingersoll, Bertrand Russell, and Christopher Hitchens.

The purposes and arguments in support of secularism vary widely. In European laicism, it has been argued that secularism is a movement toward modernization, and away from traditional religious values (also known as secularization). This type of secularism, on a social or philosophical level, has often occurred while maintaining an official state church or other state support of religion. In the United States, some argue that state secularism has served to a greater extent to protect religion and the religious from governmental interference, while secularism on a social level is less prevalent.
1. What is Secularism?
2. What is its attainment termed as?
3. How many manifestation of secularism have been mentioned in this passage?
4. Give me one of them?
5. And the secondE?
6. Do the purposes in support of secularism vary widely?
7. What is it in the European?
8. and in the USA?
9. How is it perceived in a social level?
10. Secularism takes off its intellectual roots from some philosophers. Is it true?
11. Are they Greek and Roman philosophers?
12. Name them?
13. Does it also take from some enlightenment thinkers?
14. about how many of them are mentioned in this paragraph?
15. Give me the name of 2 of them?
16. Does it also take from some atheists?
17. How many mentioned here?
18. Give me the name of one them?
19. The second one?
20. And the third one please?
Answer: 1. A principle
2. secularity
3. Two
4. to be free from religious rule and teachings
5. The view that public activities and decisionsshould be uninfluenced by religious beliefs or practices.
6. yes
7. a movement toward modernization,
8. has served to a greater extent to protect religion
9. less prevalent.
10. yes
11. yes
12. Epicurus and Marcus Aurelius
13. yes
14. Seven
15. John Locke, Denis Diderot
16. yes
17. Three
18. Robert Ingersoll,
19. Bertrand Russell
20. Christopher Hitchens

Problem: CHAPTER XXVII

THE SILVER CLASP

It was about eleven o'clock on a hot morning and Kenwardine, who had adopted native customs, was leisurely getting his breakfast in the patio. Two or three letters lay among the fruit and wine, but he did not mean to open them yet. He was something of a sybarite and the letters might blunt his enjoyment of the well-served meal. Clare, who had not eaten much, sat opposite, watching him. His pose as he leaned back with a wineglass in his hand was negligently graceful, and his white clothes, drawn in at the waist by a black silk sash, showed his well-knit figure. There were touches of gray in his hair and wrinkles round his eyes, but in spite of this he had a look of careless youth. Clare, however, thought she noticed a hint of preoccupation that she knew and disliked.

Presently Kenwardine picked out an envelope with a British stamp from among the rest and turned it over before inserting a knife behind the flap, which yielded easily, as if the gum had lost its strength. Then he took out the letter and smiled with ironical amusement. If it had been read by any unauthorized person before it reached him, the reader would have been much misled, but it told him what he wanted to know. There was one word an Englishman or American would not have used, though a Teuton might have done so, but Kenwardine thought a Spaniard would not notice this, even if he knew English well. The other letters were not important, and he glanced at his daughter.
1. What time was it in the morning?
2. Who had adopted the native customs?
3. Where was he getting his breakfast?
4. Who was sitting and watching him?
5. What color clothes was he wearing?
6. and what fabric was the sash?
7. What look did he have?
8. Did he have wrinkles?
9. and what about a few gray hair?
10. Did the envelope have an American stamp?
Answer:
1. eleven o'clock
2. Kenwardine
3. the patio
4. Clare
5. white
6. silk
7. of careless youth
8. yes
9. yes
10. no