Problem: OPTIONS:
- lizard
- cold-blooded (ectotherm)
- amphibian
- warm-blooded (endotherm)
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Animal Bioenergetics All animals must obtain their energy from food they ingest or absorb. These nutrients are converted to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for short-term storage and use by all cells. Some animals store energy for slightly longer times as glycogen, and others store energy for much longer times in the form of triglycerides housed in specialized adipose tissues. No energy system is one hundred percent efficient, and an animal's metabolism produces waste energy in the form of heat. If an animal can conserve that heat and maintain a relatively constant body temperature, it is classified as a warm-blooded animal and called an endotherm. The insulation used to conserve the body heat comes in the forms of fur, fat, or feathers. The absence of insulation in ectothermic animals increases their dependence on the environment for body heat. The amount of energy expended by an animal over a specific time is called its metabolic rate. The rate is measured variously in joules, calories, or kilocalories (1000 calories). Carbohydrates and proteins contain about 4.5 to 5 kcal/g, and fat contains about 9 kcal/g. Metabolic rate is estimated as the basal metabolic rate (BMR) in endothermic animals at rest and as the standard metabolic rate (SMR) in ectotherms. Human males have a BMR of 1600 to 1800 kcal/day, and human females have a BMR of 1300 to 1500 kcal/day. Even with insulation, endothermal animals require extensive amounts of energy to maintain a constant body temperature. An ectotherm such as an alligator has an SMR of 60 kcal/day. Energy Requirements Related to Body Size Smaller endothermic animals have a greater surface area for their mass than larger ones (Figure 33.4). Therefore, smaller animals lose heat at a faster rate than larger animals and require more energy to maintain a constant internal temperature. This results in a smaller endothermic animal having a higher BMR, per body weight, than a larger endothermic animal. Q: Metabolism produces waste energy in the form of heat, which helps what type of animal conserve and maintain heat at a relatively constant body temperature? A:
Answer: warm-blooded (endotherm)

Problem:OPTIONS:
- memory
- automation
- hydration
- stroke

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Atherosclerosis normally begins in late childhood and is typically found in most major arteries. It does not usually have any early symptoms. Causes of atherosclerosis include a high-fat diet, high cholesterol, smoking, obesity, and diabetes. Atherosclerosis becomes a threat to health when the plaque buildup prevents blood circulation in the heart or the brain. A blocked blood vessel in the heart can cause a heart attack. Blockage of the circulation in the brain can cause a stroke. Q: What can happen if there is a blockage in circulation to the brain? A:
****
A: stroke

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Figure 23.16 The complex process of sexual reproduction in Paramecium creates eight daughter cells from two original cells. Each cell has a macronucleus and a micronucleus. During sexual reproduction, the macronucleus dissolves and is replaced by a micronucleus. (credit "micrograph": modification of work by Ian Sutton; scale-bar data from Matt Russell). Q: During sexual reproduction, the macronucleus dissolves and is replaced by what? A:
OPTIONS:
- fluctuations
- chromosomes
- sporozoans
- micronucleus
micronucleus

Answer the following question given this paragraph: 29.4 Photon Momentum Measuring Photon Momentum The quantum of EM radiation we call a photon has properties analogous to those of particles we can see, such as grains of sand. A photon interacts as a unit in collisions or when absorbed, rather than as an extensive wave. Massive quanta, like electrons, also act like macroscopic particlessomething we expect, because they are the smallest units of matter. Particles carry momentum as well as energy. Despite photons having no mass, there has long been evidence that EM radiation carries momentum. (Maxwell and others who studied EM waves predicted that they would carry momentum. ) It is now a well-established fact that photons do have momentum. In fact, photon momentum is suggested by the photoelectric effect, where photons knock electrons out of a substance. Figure 29.17 shows macroscopic evidence of photon momentum. Q: Massive quanta, like electrons, also act like macroscopic particlessomething we expect, because they are the smallest what? A:
OPTIONS:
- regiments of matter
- battalions of matter
- depth of matter
- units of matter

Answer: units of matter

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: According to the cell theory, all organisms are made up of one or more cells. Cells are the sites where all life processes take place. Cells come only from pre-existing cells. New cells forms when existing cells divide. Q: What theory states that all organisms are made up of one or more cells? A:
OPTIONS:
- the molecular anatomy theory
- the atomic theory
- the micro theory
- the cell theory
Answer: the cell theory

input: OPTIONS:
- 3
- 4
- 8
- 2 Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: A characteristic may be controlled by one gene with two alleles, but the two alleles may have a different relationship than the simple dominant-recessive relationship that you have read about so far. For example, the two alleles may have a codominant or incompletely dominant relationship. The former is illustrated by the flower in Figure below , and the latter in Figure below . Q: How many alleles control a characteristic? A:
A:
output:
2