Answer the following question given this paragraph: Lumbar Vertebrae Lumbar vertebrae carry the greatest amount of body weight and are thus characterized by the large size and thickness of the vertebral body (Figure 7.28). They have short transverse processes and a short, blunt spinous process that projects posteriorly. The articular processes are large, with the superior process facing backward and the inferior facing forward. Q: Which vertebrae carry the greatest amount of body weight and are thus characterized by the large size and thickness of the vertebral body? A:
OPTIONS:
- artery vertebrae
- invertebrae
- thickness vertebrae
- lumbar vertebrae

Answer: lumbar vertebrae

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The brain stem is the smallest of the three main parts of the brain. It lies directly under the cerebrum. The brain stem controls basic body functions, such as breathing, heartbeat, and digestion. The brain stem also carries information back and forth between the cerebrum and spinal cord. Q: What is the smallest main part of the brain? A:
OPTIONS:
- the cortex
- the claw
- the cerebellum
- the stem
Answer: the stem

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Convection is the transfer of thermal energy by particles moving through a fluid. Particles transfer energy by moving from warmer to cooler areas. That's how energy is transferred in the soup in Figure above . Particles of soup near the bottom of the pot get hot first. They have more energy so they spread out and become less dense. With lower density, these particles rise to the top of the pot (see Figure below ). By the time they reach the top of the pot they have cooled off. They have less energy to move apart, so they become denser. With greater density, the particles sink to the bottom of the pot, and the cycle repeats. This loop of moving particles is called a convection current . Q: Convection is the transfer of thermal energy by particles moving through what? A:
OPTIONS:
- Solid
- tissue
- Metal
- fluid
output: fluid

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: During fetal development, the body is flexed anteriorly into the fetal position, giving the entire vertebral column a single curvature that is concave anteriorly. In the adult, this fetal curvature is retained in two regions of the vertebral column as the thoracic curve, which involves the thoracic vertebrae, and the sacrococcygeal curve, formed by the sacrum and coccyx. Each of these is thus called a primary curve because they are retained from the original fetal curvature of the vertebral column. A secondary curve develops gradually after birth as the child learns to sit upright, stand, and walk. Secondary curves are concave posteriorly, opposite in direction to the original fetal curvature. The cervical curve of the neck region develops as the infant begins to hold their head upright when sitting. Later, as the child begins to stand and then to walk, the lumbar curve of the lower back develops. In adults, the lumbar curve is generally deeper in females. Disorders associated with the curvature of the spine include kyphosis (an excessive posterior curvature of the thoracic region), lordosis (an excessive anterior curvature of the lumbar region), and scoliosis (an abnormal, lateral curvature, accompanied by twisting of the vertebral column). Q: Kyphosis, lordosis, and scoliosis are all diseases involving improper curvature of which bodily structure (which is supposed to be curved in a certain way anyway)? A:

OPTIONS:
- lungs
- aorta
- femur
- spine

A: spine

input: OPTIONS:
- solvents
- enzymes
- thermal agent
- oxidizing agent Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: In the reaction above, the zinc is being oxidized by losing electrons. However, there must be another substance present that gains those electrons and in this case that is the sulfur. In other words, the sulfur is causing the zinc to be oxidized. Sulfur is called the oxidizing agent. The zinc causes the sulfur to gain electrons and become reduced and so the zinc is called the reducing agent. The oxidizing agent is a substance that causes oxidation by accepting electrons. The reducing agent is a substance that causes reduction by losing electrons. The simplest way to think of this is that the oxidizing agent is the substance that is reduced, while the reducing agent is the substance that is oxidized. The sample problem below shows how to analyze a redox reaction. Q: What substance causes oxidation by accepting electrons? A:
A:
output: oxidizing agent

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: A kidney stone. The stones can form anywhere in the urinary system. Q: Kidney stones can form anywhere in what system? A:
OPTIONS:
- digestive
- respiratory
- intestinal
- urinary
Answer:
urinary