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In this task, you are given a part of an article. Your task is to generate headline (title) for this text. Preferred headlines are under fifteen words.

P lanning problems where effects of actions are non-deterministic can be modeled a8 Markov decision processes. Planning prob lems are usually goal-directed. This paper proposes several techniques for exploiting the goal-directedness to accelerate value itera tion, a standard algorithm for solving Markov decision processes. Empirical studies have shown that the techniques can bring about significant speedups.
Output:
Fast Value Iteration for Goal-Directed Markov Decision Processes