Answer the following question given this paragraph: Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are important parts of the carbon cycle. The carbon cycle is the pathways through which carbon is recycled in the biosphere. While cellular respiration releases carbon dioxide into the environment, photosynthesis pulls carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere. The exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen during photosynthesis ( Figure below ) and cellular respiration worldwide helps to keep atmospheric oxygen and carbon dioxide at stable levels. Q: Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are important parts of which cycle? A:
OPTIONS:
- vapor cycle
- greenhouse effect
- water cycle
- carbon cycle
carbon cycle

Answer the following question given this paragraph: When heat is positive, the total energy of the system is increasing. Q: What happens to the total energy of the system when heat is positive? A:
OPTIONS:
- nothing
- it remains constant
- it decreases
- it increases

Answer: it increases

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Some athletes attempt to boost their performance by using artificial hormones that enhance muscle performance. Anabolic steroids, a form of the male sex hormone testosterone, are one of the most widely known performance-enhancing drugs. Steroids are used to help build muscle mass. Other hormones that are used to enhance athletic performance include erythropoietin, which triggers the production of red blood cells, and human growth hormone, which can help in building muscle mass. Most performance enhancing drugs are illegal for non-medical purposes. They are also banned by national and international governing bodies including the International Olympic Committee, the U. Olympic Committee, the National Collegiate Athletic Association, the Major League Baseball, and the National Football League. The side effects of synthetic hormones are often significant and non-reversible, and in some cases, fatal. Androgens produce several complications such as liver dysfunctions and liver tumors, prostate gland enlargement, difficulty urinating, premature closure of epiphyseal cartilages, testicular atrophy, infertility, and immune system depression. The physiological strain caused by these substances is often greater than what the body can handle, leading to unpredictable and dangerous effects and linking their use to heart attacks, strokes, and impaired cardiac function. Regulation of the Female Reproductive System In females, FSH stimulates development of egg cells, called ova, which develop in structures called follicles. Follicle cells produce the hormone inhibin, which inhibits FSH production. LH also plays a role in the development of ova, induction of ovulation, and stimulation of estradiol and progesterone production by the ovaries, as illustrated in Figure 37.9. Estradiol and progesterone are steroid hormones that prepare the body for pregnancy. Estradiol produces secondary sex characteristics in females, while both estradiol and progesterone regulate the menstrual cycle. Q: Anabolic steroids, a form of the male sex hormone testosterone, are one of the most widely known performance-enhancing drugs. steroids are used to help build what? A:
OPTIONS:
- bone mass
- nervous tissue
- brain tissue
- muscle mass
Answer: muscle mass

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: What is the term for the basic contractile unit of the muscle? A:
OPTIONS:
- filament
- sphincter
- bandimere
- sarcomere
output: sarcomere

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The drummer in Figure below is hitting the drumheads with drumsticks. This causes the drumheads to vibrate. The vibrations pass to surrounding air particles and then from one air particle to another in a wave of energy called sound energy . We hear sound when the sound waves reach our ears. Sound energy can travel through air, water, and other substances, but not through empty space. That's because the energy needs particles of matter to pass it on. Q: What energy, produced by vibrations, cannot travel through empty space? A:

OPTIONS:
- light
- heat
- plasma
- sound

A: sound

Answer the following question given this paragraph: 5.3 Active Transport The combined gradient that affects an ion includes its concentration gradient and its electrical gradient. A positive ion, for example, might tend to diffuse into a new area, down its concentration gradient, but if it is diffusing into an area of net positive charge, its diffusion will be hampered by its electrical gradient. When dealing with ions in aqueous solutions, a combination of the electrochemical and concentration gradients, rather than just the concentration gradient alone, must be considered. Living cells need certain substances that exist inside the cell in concentrations greater than they exist in the extracellular space. Moving substances up their electrochemical gradients requires energy from the cell. Active transport uses energy stored in ATP to fuel this transport. Active transport of small molecular-sized materials uses integral proteins in the cell membrane to move the materials: These proteins are analogous to pumps. Some pumps, which carry out primary active transport, couple directly with ATP to drive their action. In co-transport (or secondary active transport), energy from primary transport can be used to move another substance into the cell and up its concentration gradient. Q: The combined gradient that affects an ion includes its concentration gradient and its what? A:
OPTIONS:
- radiation gradient
- cell membrane
- electron bond
- electrical gradient
electrical gradient