question: Chapter III. -- KURFURST FRIEDRICH II.

The First Friedrich's successor was a younger son, Friedrich II.; who lasted till 1471, above thirty years; and proved likewise a notable manager and governor. Very capable to assert himself, and his just rights, in this world. He was but Twenty-seven at his accession; but the Berlin Burghers, attempting to take some liberties with him, found he was old enough. He got the name IRONTEETH. Friedrich FERRATIS DENTIBUS, from his decisive ways then and afterwards. He had his share of brabbling with intricate litigant neighbors; quarrels now and then not to be settled without strokes. His worst war was with Pommern,--just claims disputed there, and much confused bickering, sieging and harassing in consequence: of which quarrel we must speak anon. It was he who first built the conspicuous Schloss or Palace at Berlin, having got the ground for it (same ground still covered by the actual fine Edifice, which is a second edition of Friedrich's) from the repentant Burghers; and took up his chief residence there. [1442-1431 (Nicolari, i. 81).]

But his principal achievement in Brandenburg History is his recovery of the Province called the Neumark to that Electorate. In the thriftless Sigismund times, the Neumark had been pledged, had been sold; Teutsch Ritterdom, to whose dominions it lay contiguous, had purchased it with money down. The Teutsch Ritters were fallen moneyless enough since then; they offered to pledge the Neumark to Friedrich, who accepted, and advanced the sum: after a while the Teutsch Ritters, for a small farther sum, agreed to sell Neumark. [Michaelis, i. 301.] Into which Transaction, with its dates and circumstances, let us cast one glance, for our behoof afterwards. The Teutsch Ritters were an opulent domineering Body in Sigismund's early time; but they are now come well down in Friedrich II.'s! And are coming ever lower. Sinking steadily, or with desperate attempts to rise, which only increase the speed downwards, ever since that fatal Tannenberg Business, 15th July, 1410. Here is the sad progress of their descent to the bottom; divided into three stages or periods:--
1. How old was Friedrich II when he took over?
2. How long did he stay?
3. When did his term end?
4. How did he end arguments?
5. What achievement is he known for?
6. Who bought the Neumark?
7. Did they leave a deposit?
8. Who did they pledge it to?
9. Did they keep it?
10. What did they do with it?
11. What is the Neumark
12. Where did the Teutsch Ritters end up?
13. What happened in 1410?
14. What was the date?
15. Whose land was next to Neumark?
16. What did they lose after the left a deposit?
17. What was Friedrich's nickname?
18. Was he good at his job?
19. Who thought he was old enough?
20. What did he construct in Berlin?
****
answer: 1. Twenty-seven
2. above thirty years
3. 1471
4. with strokes
5. recovery of Neumark to that Electorate
6. Teutsch Ritterdom
7. yes
8. Friedrich
9. no
10. sold it
11. a Province
12. the bottom
13. that fatal Tannenberg Business
14. 15th July
15. Teutsch Ritterdom
16. money
17. Ironteeth
18. yes
19. the Berlin Burghers
20. Schloss

question: The Austronesian languages are a language family that is widely dispersed throughout Maritime Southeast Asia, Madagascar and the islands of the Pacific Ocean, with a few members in continental Asia. Austronesian languages are spoken by about 386 million people, making it the fifth-largest language family by number of speakers, behind only the Indo-European languages, the Sino-Tibetan languages, the Niger-Congo languages, and the Afroasiatic languages. It is on par with Indo-European, NigerCongo, and Afroasiatic as one of the best-established language families. Major Austronesian languages with the highest number of speakers are Malay (Indonesian and Malaysian), Javanese, and Filipino (Tagalog). The family contains 1,257 languages, which is the second most of any language family.

Similarities between the languages spoken in the Malay Archipelago and the Pacific Ocean were first observed in 1706 by the Dutch scholar Adriaan Reland. In the 19th century, researchers (e.g. Wilhelm von Humboldt, Herman van der Tuuk) started to apply the comparative method to the Austronesian languages, but the first comprehensive and extensive study on the phonological history of the Austronesian language family including a reconstruction of Proto-Austronesian lexicon was made by the German linguist Otto Dempwolff. The term Austronesian itself was coined by Wilhelm Schmidt (German "austronesisch") which comes from Latin "auster" "south wind" plus Greek "nesos" "island". The family is aptly named, as the vast majority of Austronesian languages are spoken on islands: only a few languages, such as Malay and the Chamic languages, are indigenous to mainland Asia. Many Austronesian languages have very few speakers, but the major Austronesian languages are spoken by tens of millions of people and one Austronesian language, Malay (including Indonesian and Malaysian), is spoken by 250 million people, making it the 8th most spoken language in the world. Approximately twenty Austronesian languages are official in their respective countries (see the list of major and official Austronesian languages).
1. When were similarities between the languages first noticed?
2. By whom?
3. Where are the languages spoken?
4. Are there any members in Asia?
5. How many?
6. How many speak Austronesian?
7. Is it the largest spoken language?
8. What languages encompass the top 4?
9. How many languages does the family contain?
10. Is that the 3rd most?
11. Where does it stand?
****
answer:
1. 1706
2. Dutch scholar Adriaan Reland
3. Maritime Southeast Asia, Madagascar and the islands of the Pacific Ocean
4. Yes
5. a few
6. about 386 million people
7. fifth-largest
8. Indo-European languages, the Sino-Tibetan languages, the Niger-Congo languages, and the Afroasiatic languages.
9. 1,257
10. no
11. second most