Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: A chain of volcanoes form as an oceanic plate moves over a hotspot. This is how it happens. A volcano forms over the hotspot. Since the plate is moving, the volcano moves off of the hotspot. When the hotspot erupts again, a new volcano forms over it. This volcano is next to the first. Over time, there is a line of volcanoes. The youngest is directly above the hotspot. The oldest is the farthest away ( Figure below ). Q: A chain of what structures form as an oceanic plate moves over a hotspot? A:
OPTIONS:
- ridges
- earthquakes
- outcrops
- volcanoes
Answer: volcanoes

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Founder effect occurs when a few individuals start, or found, a new population. By chance, allele frequencies of the founders may be different from allele frequencies of the population they left. An example is described in Figure below . Q: What occurs when a few individuals start, or found, a new population? A:
OPTIONS:
- outsider effect
- pioneer effect
- novelty effect
- founder effect
output: founder effect

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: When a colorless solution of lead(II) nitrate is added to a colorless solution of potassium iodide, a yellow solid called a precipitate is instantly produced ( Figure below ). A precipitate is a solid product that forms from a reaction and settles out of a liquid mixture. The formation of a precipitate may also indicate the occurrence of a chemical reaction. Q: What is produced when a colorless solution of lead nitrate is added to a colorless solution of potassium iodide? A:

OPTIONS:
- blue solid precipitate
- brown solid precipitate
- purple solid precipitate
- yellow solid precipitate

A: yellow solid precipitate

input: OPTIONS:
- gamma
- platelet
- alpha
- beta Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Regulation of Blood Glucose Levels by Insulin and Glucagon Cells of the body require nutrients in order to function, and these nutrients are obtained through feeding. In order to manage nutrient intake, storing excess intake and utilizing reserves when necessary, the body uses hormones to moderate energy stores. Insulin is produced by the beta cells of the pancreas, which are stimulated to release insulin as blood glucose levels rise (for example, after a meal is consumed). Insulin lowers blood glucose levels by enhancing the rate of glucose uptake and utilization by target cells, which use glucose for ATP production. It also stimulates the liver to convert glucose to glycogen, which is then stored by cells for later use. Insulin also increases glucose transport into certain cells, such as muscle cells and the liver. This results from an insulin-mediated increase in the number of glucose transporter proteins in cell membranes, which remove glucose from circulation by facilitated diffusion. As insulin binds to its target cell via insulin receptors and signal transduction, it triggers the cell to incorporate glucose transport proteins into its membrane. This allows glucose to enter the cell, where it can be used as an energy source. However, this does not occur in all cells: some cells, including those in the kidneys and brain, can access glucose without the use of insulin. Insulin also stimulates the conversion of glucose to fat in adipocytes and the synthesis of proteins. These actions mediated by insulin cause blood glucose concentrations to fall, called a hypoglycemic "low sugar" effect, which inhibits further insulin release from beta cells through a negative feedback loop. Q: Insulin is produced by what cells of the pancreas? A:
A:
output: beta

Answer the following question given this paragraph: A peptide is composed of two or more amino acids. Amino acids are the building blocks of peptides. Q: What are the building blocks of peptides? A:

OPTIONS:
- alkali
- magnets
- rocks
- amino acids

Answer: amino acids

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Most ocean waves are caused by winds. A wave is the transfer of energy through matter. A wave that travels across miles of ocean is traveling energy, not water. Ocean waves transfer energy from wind to the water. The energy is transferred from one water molecule to the next. The energy of a wave may travel for thousands of miles. The water itself moves very little. The picture below shows how water molecules move when a wave goes by ( Figure below ). Once the wave starts, it doesn't need more wind to keep it going. Q: A wave is the transfer of energy through what else? A:

OPTIONS:
- liquid
- air
- gas
- matter

A:
matter