input: Make use of the article to answer the questions. Starting in the coal mines, by the mid-19th century elevators were operated with steam power and were used for moving goods in bulk in mines and factories. These steam driven devices were soon being applied to a diverse set of purposes - in 1823, two architects working in London, Burton and Hormer, built and operated a novel tourist attraction, which they called the "ascending room". It elevated paying customers to a considerable height in the center of London, allowing them a magnificent panoramic view of downtown.

The hydraulic crane was invented by Sir William Armstrong in 1846, primarily for use at the Tyneside docks for loading cargo. These quickly supplanted the earlier steam driven elevators: exploiting Pascal's law, they provided a much greater force. A water pump supplied a variable level of water pressure to a plunger encased inside a vertical cylinder, allowing the level of the platform (carrying a heavy load) to be raised and lowered. Counterweights and balances were also used to increase the lifting power of the apparatus. 1. How were goods moved?
2. driven by what?
3. What attracted tourists?
4. Where was it built?
5. When was it built?
6. By whom?
7. What did Armstrong build?
8. In what year?
9. What was the primary purpose?
10. Where were the elevators used?
11. Was the crane a success?
12. What did it replace?
13. Why were they successful?
14. What increased the lift power?
15. What did the attraction do?
16. What was the occupation of those who built it?
17. What was exploited?
18. What applied the pressure?
19. Was it a constant force?
20. What did this allow to be accomplished?
21. When were the elevators used?
numbered_answers: 1. elevators
2. steam
3. Ascending Room
4. London
5. 1823
6. Burton and Hormer
7. hydraulic crane
8. 1846
9. Loading Cargo
10. mines and factories
11. yes
12. steam driven elevators:
13. they provided a much greater force
14. Counterweights
15. It lifted customers up to show downtown.
16. they were two architects
17. Pascal's law
18. A water pump
19. No
20. level of the platform to be raised and lowered
21. by the mid-19th century

input: Make use of the article to answer the questions. BLOOMINGTON --- Once Staci Roper, 14, starts sending text messages, she finds it hard to stop. " Sometimes I text from the time I get up until I go to bed, except during school," said the eighth-grader at Kingsley Junior High.

Her sister Sara Roper, 18, also texts a lot, saying "It is a lot easier than using the telephone."

For teens, technology has become a common way to start and keep social contacts.

Richard Sullivan, a teacher at Illinois State University, said text messaging has become "the new way of passing notes."

"It is an important tool for social communication, especially for the youth," Sullivan said.

But the girls have to store their mobile phones during school because they can be a distraction , Sullivan said.

That is why parents must monitor their children's mobile phone use, said Tim Shannon, a child psychologist at Carle Clinic in Bloomington.

The same technologies that can help communication can be _ if children use them to ignore their family at supper, Shannon said.

While Linda Roper does not allow her children to text massages during meals, she usually does not need to intervene . "My kids are both very disciplined and good about doing their homework," she said.

Gary and Mary Carstens also do not allow their children to text at supper or at family get-togethers.

Their daughter, Kayla, 14, usually texts more on weekends when she has more free time. Kayla likes text messaging "because others can't hear you."

The Carstens got Kayla a mobile phone several years ago because she is active in after-class sports and the phone allows her parents to keep in touch with her.

Mary Carstens believes all the communication allowed by modern technology is good for her kids. 1. Does Tim Shannon think parents should monitor phone usage?
2. What is his profession?
3. At which clinic?
4. Does Linda Roper allow her children to use their phones during meals?
5. Is it usually necessary for her to intervene?
6. Why?
7. What about the Carstens, do they allow their children to text at supper?
8. Are they prohibited anywhere else?
9. Where?
10. What is their daughters name?
11. How old?
12. Does she text more during the week?
13. When?
14. Why?
15. Does she enjoy texting?
16. What is her reason?
17. Did her parents get her a phone to play games?
18. Why did they get her a phone?
19. What does Richard Sullivan say texting has become?
20. What does he believe has become an important tool for communication?
numbered_answers: 1. yes
2. he's a child psychologist
3. Carle Clinic in Bloomington
4. no
5. no
6. her kids are both very disciplined and good about doing their homework
7. no
8. yes
9. family get-togethers
10. Kayla
11. 14
12. no
13. the weekends
14. she has more free time then
15. yes
16. "because others can't hear you."
17. no
18. to keep in touch with her
19. "the new way of passing notes."
20. text messaging

input: Make use of the article to answer the questions. CHAPTER VII

THE ARRIVAL OF SONGBIRD

"So you've made some enemies as well as some friends, eh?" remarked Songbird Powell, after he had been registered, taken up to his room, and had listened to what the Rover boys had to tell. "No use of talking, it doesn't take you fellows long to stir things up!"

"You said you had a surprise for us, Songbird," returned Tom. "I'm dying by inches to know what it is."

"Maybe it's a new poem," put in Sam with a grimace at his brothers.

"I've got a poem--several of them, in fact," answered Songbird, "but I didn't have those in mind when I spoke. Who do you suppose I met yesterday morning, in Ithaca, while I was waiting for the train?"

"Dora Stanhope and the Lanings," answered Tom promptly.

"No. Tad Sobber."

"Tad Sobber!" exclaimed the Rover boys in concert.

"Songbird, are you sure of it?" demanded Dick.

"Sure? Wasn't I talking to him!"

"But--but--I thought he was lost in that hurricane, when the _Josephine_ was wrecked."

"No. It seems he escaped to a vessel bound for England; but his uncle, Sid Merrick, was lost, and so were most of the others. Sobber just got back from England--came in on one of the ocean liners, so he told me."

"How did he act?" asked Tom.

"Where was he going?" added Sam.

"Did he seem to have any money?" came from Dick.

All of the Rovers were intensely interested, and showed it plainly.

"Say, one question at a time, please!" cried Songbird, "You put me in mind of a song I once wrote about a little boy: 1. what did Dick ask?
2. Who did Tom think Songbird had seen?
3. was it them?
4. who was it?
5. what did the boys think had happened to him?
6. who had been lost
7. was he the only one?
8. Had the boys only made enemies?
9. what else?
10. what did Sam think Songbird's surprise was?
11. did he have any?
12. was that his surprise?
13. what ship had wrecked?
14. was Sid Merrick Sobber's grandfather?
15. was he a relative?
16. what relationship?
17. were the Rover boys bored by the descussion?
18. how did thye feel?
19. what was Songbird reminded of
20. about?
numbered_answers:
1. if Songbird was sure
2. Dora Stanhope and the Lanings
3. no
4. Tad Sobber
5. that he was lost in a hurricane
6. Sid Merrick
7. no
8. no
9. some friends
10. a new poem
11. yes
12. no
13. Josephine
14. no
15. yes
16. uncle
17. no
18. intensely interested
19. a song
20. a little boy: