input: OPTIONS:
- radioactive isotope
- Geiger count
- life cycle
- half-life Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: 11.6 End-of-Chapter Material Chapter Summary To ensure that you understand the material in this chapter, you should review the meanings of the bold terms in the following summary and ask yourself how they relate to the topics in the chapter. Some atoms have unstable nuclei that emit particles and high-energy electromagnetic radiation to form new elements that are more stable. This emission of particles and electromagnetic radiation is called radioactivity. There are three main types of spontaneous radioactive emission: alpha particles, which are equivalent to helium nuclei; beta particles, which are electrons; and gamma radiation, which is highenergy electromagnetic radiation. Another type of radioactive process is spontaneous fission, in which large nuclei spontaneously break apart into smaller nuclei and, often, neutrons. In all forms of radioactivity, new elements are formed from the radioactive reactants. Radioactive isotopes decay at different rates. The rate of an isotope's decay is expressed as a half-life, which is the amount of time required for half of the original material to decay. The length of its half-life is a characteristic of the particular isotope and can range from less than microseconds to billions of years. Amounts of radioactivity are measured in several different ways. A becquerel is equal to one radioactive decay per second. A curie represents 3.7 1010 decays per second. Other units describe the amount of energy absorbed by body tissues. One rad is equivalent to 0.01 joule of energy absorbed per gram of tissue. Different tissues react differently to different types of radioactivity. The rem unit takes into account not only the energy absorbed by the tissues, but also includes a numerical multiplication factor to Saylor URL: http://www. saylor. org/books. Q: What term decribes the amount of time required for half of the original material to decay in an isotope? A:
A:
output: half-life

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use energy from sunlight to synthesize carbohydrates. Q: What is the name of the process by which plants use energy from sunlight to synthesize carbohydrates? A:

OPTIONS:
- osmosis
- cellular respiration
- pollination
- photosynthesis

Answer: photosynthesis

Problem: OPTIONS:
- reproduction
- photosynthesis
- electromagnetic respiration
- cellular respiration
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Cellular respiration is the process in which cells break down glucose, release the stored energy, and use it to make ATP. The process begins in the cytoplasm and is completed in a mitochondrion. Q: What is the process in which cells break down glucose, release the stored energy, and use it to make atp A:
Answer: cellular respiration

Problem:OPTIONS:
- oxygen
- mercury
- neon
- phosphorus

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Phosphorus The name phosphorus comes from the Greek words meaning light bringing. When phosphorus was first isolated, scientists noted that it glowed in the dark and burned when exposed to air. Phosphorus is the only member of its group that does not occur in the uncombined state in nature; it exists in many allotropic forms. We will consider two of those forms: white phosphorus and red phosphorus. White phosphorus is a white, waxy solid that melts at 44.2 C and boils at 280 C. It is insoluble in water (in which it is storedsee Figure 18.24), is very soluble in carbon disulfide, and bursts into flame in air. As a solid, as a liquid, as a gas, and in solution, white phosphorus exists as P4 molecules with four phosphorus atoms at the corners of a regular tetrahedron, as illustrated in Figure 18.24. Each phosphorus atom covalently bonds to the other three atoms in the molecule by single covalent bonds. White phosphorus is the most reactive allotrope and is very toxic. Q: When what element - whose name means "light bringing" - was first isolated, scientists noted that it glowed in the dark and burned when exposed to air? A:
****
A: phosphorus

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Tectonic plates are large segments of the Earth's crust that move slowly. Suppose that one such plate has an average speed of 4.0 cm/year. (a) What distance does it move in 1 s at this speed? (b) What is its speed in kilometers per million years? 10. (a) Refer to Table 1.3 to determine the average distance between the Earth and the Sun. Then calculate the average speed of the Earth in its orbit in kilometers per second. (b) What is this in meters per second?. Q: What are the large segments of the earth's crust that ordinarily move very slowly? A:
OPTIONS:
- ocean plates
- lava plates
- distinct plates
- tectonic plates
tectonic plates

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Corals build hard exoskeletons that grow to become what? A:
OPTIONS:
- algae
- stability reefs
- fungi
- coral reefs

Answer:
coral reefs