Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

We are always using body language in our daily life. When we have a conversation with someone, we may be using more body language than words. However, the same body language may mean different things in different countries. That's why people sometimes do not understand each other correctly. Pointing to one part of the body can mean differently in different cultures. For example, in the USA people point to their heads when they think someone is clever. However, in Europe it means 'He or she is stupid or something is wrong with his or her head'. In our Chinese culture, nodding our head up and down means 'yes' and shaking our head from side to side means 'no'. However, in parts of India, Greece and Turkey, it means just the opposite . In England or the USA, when you raise your hand and make a circle with the thumb and the second finger, it means 'You're all right or Everything is OK'. However, if we do this in France or Belgium, it means 'You're worth zero'. In Greece or Turkey, we should not make this gesture . Or we are thought to be very rude. The meaning of gestures can also change over time. In the 1960s, the V sign meant 'peace'. However, during World War II, it meant 'victory'. In Greece, it is a very insulting sign. Though the meaning of body language is different, there are some expressions having the same meaning throughout the world, such as smiling and crying.

1. what do we use daily?
2. is it universally understood?
3. what's an example of body language?
4. is there another example?
5. are those universally understood?
6. What's an example of a non-universally understood gesture?
7. what does that mean in Europe?
8. does that differ from the USA?
9. what does it signify there?
10. What does nodding up and down mean in China?
11. and side to side?
12. in how many places does it mean the opposite?
13. what are those countries?
14. do meanings change over time?
15. what did the V sign mean in the 60's
16. and during the war?
17. is it a positive sign in Greece?
18. what is it then?

Numbered answers:

A: 1. body language
2. no
3. smiling
4. crying
5. yes
6. pointing to your head
7. someone is stupid
8. yes
9. someone is clever
10. yes
11. no
12. at least 3
13. India, Greece and Turkey
14. yes
15. peace
16. victory
17. no
18. insulting

Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

CHAPTER XVIII.

THE EFFICIENCY EXPERT.

Unlike most other plants the International Machine Company paid on Monday, and it was on the Monday following his assumption of his new duties that Jimmy had his first clash with Bince. He had been talking with Everett, the cashier, whom, in accordance with his "method," he was studying. From Everett he had learned that it was pay-day and he had asked the cashier to let him see the pay-roll.

"I don't handle the pay-roll," replied Everett a trifle peevishly. "Shortly after Mr. Bince was made assistant general manager a new rule was promulgated, to the effect that all salaries and wages were to be considered as confidential and that no one but the assistant general manager would handle the pay-rolls. All I know is the amount of the weekly check. He hires and fires everybody and pays everybody."

"Rather unusual, isn't it?" commented Jimmy.

"Very," said Everett. "Here's some of us have been with Mr. Compton since Bince was in long clothes, and then he comes in here and says that we are not to be trusted with the pay-roll."

"Well," said Jimmy, "I shall have to go to him to see it then."

"He won't show it to you," said Everett.

"Oh, I guess he will," said Jimmy, and a moment later he knocked at Bince's office door. When Bince saw who it was he turned back to his work with a grunt.

"I am sorry, Torrance," he said, "but I can't talk with you just now. I'm very busy."

1. Have some of the people been with the company since Bince was a baby?
2. According to whom?
3. What's the name of the owner of the company?
4. What's the name of the company?
5. What does Bince say people are not to be trusted with?
6. What's his position?
7. Did he make up a new rule?
8. What were wages to now be considered?
9. What's the only thing Everett knows now?
10. Does Bince hire everybody?
11. What else does he do?
12. How often are the checks sent out?
13. What day does IMC pay on?
14. How long has Jimmy been there?
15. Is he at all scared of Bince?
16. What's Jimmy's last name?
17. Does Bince treat him respectfully?
18. Does Everett think Bince will show Jimmy the payroll?
19. What does Bince tell Jimmy when he knocks on his office door?
20. Is he busy or available?

Numbered answers:

A: 1. yes
2. Everett.
3. Mr. Compton
4. International Machine Company
5. pay-roll
6. assistant general manager
7. yes
8. confidential
9. the amount
10. yes
11. fires
12. weekly
13. Monday
14. one week
15. no
16. Torrance
17. no
18. no
19. I am sorry
20. busy

Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

Elizabeth's many historic visits and meetings include a state visit to the Republic of Ireland and reciprocal visits to and from the Pope. She has seen major constitutional changes, such as devolution in the United Kingdom, Canadian patriation, and the decolonisation of Africa. She has also reigned through various wars and conflicts involving many of her realms. She is the world's oldest reigning monarch as well as Britain's longest-lived. In 2015, she surpassed the reign of her great-great-grandmother, Queen Victoria, to become the longest-reigning British head of state and the longest-reigning queen regnant in world history.

During the war, plans were drawn up to quell Welsh nationalism by affiliating Elizabeth more closely with Wales. Proposals, such as appointing her Constable of Caernarfon Castle or a patron of Urdd Gobaith Cymru (the Welsh League of Youth), were abandoned for various reasons, which included a fear of associating Elizabeth with conscientious objectors in the Urdd, at a time when Britain was at war. Welsh politicians suggested that she be made Princess of Wales on her 18th birthday. Home Secretary, Herbert Morrison supported the idea, but the King rejected it because he felt such a title belonged solely to the wife of a Prince of Wales and the Prince of Wales had always been the heir apparent. In 1946, she was inducted into the Welsh Gorsedd of Bards at the National Eisteddfod of Wales.

1. Where did Elizabeth visit?
2. Anywhere else?
3. Where?
4. What kind of political changes has she witnessed?
5. What else?
6. What else has she witnessed in her time?
7. Was there ever problems during her reign?
8. What were they?
9. Has she been around for long?
10. How long?
11. Who was Queen before her?
12. What was her name?
13. Has she made any records?
14. What was it?
15. Were there ever other titles suggested?
16. How many?
17. What was the first one?
18. The second?
19. The third?
20. Any others?
21. What was it?
22. When?
23. Where?

Numbered answers:

A:
1. Ireland
2. Yes
3. visits to and from the Pope.
4. devolution in the United Kingdom
5. Canadian patriation
6. the decolonisation of Africa
7. yes
8. various wars and conflicts involving many of her realms
9. Yes
10. She is the world's oldest reigning monarch as well as Britain's longest-lived
11. her great-great-grandmother
12. Queen Victoria
13. yes
14. the longest-reigning British head of state and the longest-reigning queen regnant in world history
15. Yes
16. Many
17. Constable of Caernarfon Castle
18. a patron of Urdd Gobaith Cymru
19. Princess of Wales
20. Yes
21. Welsh Gorsedd of Bards
22. In 1946
23. the National Eisteddfod of Wales