Question: In 1638, John Harvard donated some money and about four hundred books to a new university. This was the beginning of the library at Harvard University. The gift was so important that the university was named for John Harvard. Thomas Bray began the first free lending library in the late 1600s. He set up more than 30 or these libraries in the American colonies. However, the idea for this kind of free library ended when Bray died in 1730. In 1731, Benjamin Franklin and some friends started the first subscription library in the United States. In a subscription library people pay money to become members, but they may _ the books without paying again. In the United States, every child had a free education. This idea soon led to free libraries. One of the first libraries that used tax money to buy books was a library in Peterborough, New Hampshire. This library was set up in 1833. 1. What began the Library at Harvard University?
2. who?
3. John who?
4. what did the University do in gratitude?
5. Who began the first free lending library?
6. Thomas who?
7. when?
8. when did he die?
9. Who started a subscription library?
10. Who?
11. when?
12. where was one of the first libraries to be publicly funded?
13. what state is it in?
14. when was that started?
15. Was Franklin's library free?
16. how did one join?
17. for what?
18. How many did Thomas Bray start?
19. Where?
20. What does every kid in the US have a right to? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers: 1. donated some money and about four hundred books
2. John
3. Harvard
4. was named for John
5. Thomas
6. Bray
7. late 1600s
8. 1730
9. Benjamin
10. Franklin
11. 1731
12. Peterborough
13. New Hampshire
14. 1833
15. no
16. pay money
17. to become members
18. 30
19. America
20. free education

Question: Michael Dunn killed Jordan Davis. That's not in dispute, but according to attorneys' opening statements Thursday in Dunn's murder trial, almost everything else is.

Assistant State Attorney John Guy, speaking for the prosecution, painted a picture of four innocent teens who stopped at a Jacksonville, Florida, gas station for gum and cigarettes amid a day of "mall hopping and girl shopping" over Thanksgiving break in 2012. Dunn asked the teens to turn down their music, and Jordan disrespected him, saying "F*** that n****r" -- nothing more -- and for that, Dunn opened fire, hitting Jordan three times.

It was a markedly different account from that of defense attorney Cory Strolla, who told jurors that the music was so loud, it was rattling the windows of the teens' SUV, and when Dunn politely asked one of them to turn it down, Jordan uttered the three-word explicit phrase, demanded his pal turn the music back up and began jawing with Dunn.

Jordan then produced a weapon -- either a gun or a lead pipe, Strolla alleged -- and told Dunn, "I'm going to f***ing kill you," the attorney said. He added, "You're dead, bitch. This is going down now," the attorney alleged.

While Guy said Jordan and Dunn "exchanged f-bombs back and forth," Strolla said his client never uttered a curse word. And while Guy cited witnesses who said an incensed Dunn began shooting after telling Jordan, "You're not going to talk to me like that," Strolla insisted that Jordan was getting out of the car, armed, with the intention of hurting or killing Dunn. 1. ?
2. What is the name of the defendent?
3. in which state did the crime occur?
4. Did it happen in a mall?
5. What was the murder weapon?
6. Who is Cory Strolla?
7. Who got shot?
8. How loud did the Dunn say the music was?
9. What kind of car did the teens have?
10. Which holiday is mentioned in the story? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers: 1. unknown
2. Michael Dunn
3. in Florida
4. no
5. a gun
6. the defense attorney
7. Jordan Davis
8. loud enough to shake the windows
9. an SUV
10. Thanksgiving

Question: Approximants are speech sounds that involve the articulators approaching each other but not narrowly enough nor with enough articulatory precision to create turbulent airflow. Therefore, approximants fall between fricatives, which do produce a turbulent airstream, and vowels, which produce no turbulence. This class of sounds includes lateral approximants like (as in "less"), non-lateral approximants like (as in "rest"), and semivowels like and (as in "yes" and "west", respectively).

Before Peter Ladefoged coined the term "approximant" in the 1960s, the term "frictionless continuant" referred to non-lateral approximants.

Some approximants resemble vowels in acoustic and articulatory properties and the terms "semivowel" and "glide" are often used for these non-syllabic vowel-like segments. The correlation between semivowels and vowels is strong enough that cross-language differences between semivowels correspond with the differences between their related vowels.

Vowels and their corresponding semivowels alternate in many languages depending on the phonological environment, or for grammatical reasons, as is the case with Indo-European ablaut. Similarly, languages often avoid configurations where a semivowel precedes its corresponding vowel. A number of phoneticians distinguish between semivowels and approximants by their location in a syllable. Although he uses the terms interchangeably, remarks that, for example, the final glides of English "par" and "buy" differ from French "par" ('through') and "baille" ('tub') in that, in the latter pair, the approximants appear in the syllable coda, whereas, in the former, they appear in the syllable nucleus. This means that opaque (if not minimal) contrasts can occur in languages like Italian (with the i-like sound of "piede" 'foot', appearing in the nucleus: , and that of "piano" 'slow', appearing in the syllable onset: ) and Spanish (with a near minimal pair being "abyecto" 'abject' and "abierto" 'opened'). 1. Who came up with the term approximant?
2. When?
3. What word was used before that?
4. What did that represent?
5. Are they fricatives?
6. What speech sound makes no turbulence?
7. What do languages frequently avoid?
8. What does location within a syllable help distinguish?
9. Can Italian have opaque contrasts?
10. What about Spanish? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers:
1. Peter Ladefoged
2. in the 1960s,
3. frictionless continuant
4. speech sounds that involve the articulators approaching each other but not narrowly enough nor with enough articulatory precision to create turbulent airflow
5. no
6. vowels
7. they avoid configurations where a semivowel precedes its corresponding vowel
8. semivowels and approximants
9. yes
10. yes