Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
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Question: Context: The gene p8 was initially described in pancreatic tissue during acute experimental pancreatitis, a disease that is characterized by a systemic immune response. Although early reports suggested that p8 affects leukocyte migration during acute pancreatitis (AP), no studies revealing its immune-modulatory effects have been performed.', 'We investigated the composition of the cellular immune system in naive p8 knockout (p8(/)) mice and compared with matched wild-type mice during pancreatitis.', 'In young mice, there were no relevant differences in the composition of peripheral and splenic CD3(+), CD3(+)CD4(+), CD3(+)CD8(+), CD11b(+)Gr-1(-), and Gr-1 cells. In mature p8(/) mice, increased splenic CD4CD25FoxP3 cells, spleen siderosis, and increased marginal zones in the splenic white pulp were found. During AP, peripheral and splenic CD3(+) and CD3CD4 declined stronger in the p8(/) mice. The spleen of the p8(/) mice showed severe hypoplasia of the white pulp and mild hyperplasia of the red pulp. This was associated with a significantly increased rate of apoptosis.
Answer: We conclude that p8 has no impact on the cellular composition of the adaptive and innate immune systems in noninflammatory conditions. However, it may limit apoptosis and maintain homeostasis of the immune reaction during AP.

Answer: Does p8 Deficiency cause siderosis in spleens and lymphocyte apoptosis in acute pancreatitis?

Question: Context: Women diagnosed with pregnancy-associated breast cancer postpartum have a worse prognosis, stage for stage, than other women with breast cancer. The time of breast involution is tumor promotional. The extracellular matrix protein tenascin-C is upregulated during involution in animal models and promotes breast cancer progression. It interacts with transforming growth factor (TGF), which also is involved in breast involution and breast cancer progression. Little is known about the expression of tenascin-C during human breast involution, nor its relationship to TGF. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of tenascin-C throughout lactation, as well as its relationship to TGF1 and TGF2.', 'Three milk samples from 25 lactating women (transitional, whole, and wean) were collected, separated into components (cells, fat, and skim), and the skim fraction analyzed for total protein, tenascin-C, TGF1, and TGF2. Tenascin-C, TGF1, and TGF2 were detectable in all milk samples.', 'Highest tenascin-C levels on average were found in whole milk, whereas highest mean TGF1 and TGF2 levels were in wean milk. Wean samples on average had higher levels of both TGF1 (26%) and TGF2 (>500%) than matched transitional milk samples. Tenascin-C levels in wean milk were associated with nursing length (p = 0.048). Combining all three milk collection time points, tenascin-C exhibited a weak inverse correlation with TGF1 and TGF2 (p < 0.1). The inverse correlation at the wean time point was stronger for TGF2 than -1 (-0.37 versus -0.25). Tenascin-C, a protein known to promote breast cancer progression, is expressed throughout lactation.
Answer: The inverse correlation with TGF2 in wean milk suggests a possible interaction during breast involution, which should be further investigated.

Answer: Does expression of the Extracellular Matrix Protein Tenascin-C vary During Lactation?

Question: Context: Although the continuity equation remains the noninvasive standard, planimetry using transesophageal echocardiography is often used to assess valve area for patients with aortic stenosis (AS). Not uncommonly, however, anatomic valve area (AVAA) obtained by planimetry overestimates continuity-derived effective valve area (AVAE) in bicuspid AS.', 'Transthoracic Doppler and transesophageal echocardiography were performed to obtain AVAE and AVAA in 31 patients with bicuspid AS (age 61 +/- 11 years) and 22 patients with degenerative tricuspid AS (age 71 +/- 13 years). Aortic root and left ventricular outflow tract dimensions and the directional angle of the stenotic jet were assessed in all patients. Using these data, a computational fluid dynamics model was constructed to test the effect of these variables in determining the relationship between AVAE and AVAA.', 'For patients with tricuspid AS, the correlation between AVAA (1.15 +/- 0.36 cm2) and AVAE (1.13 +/- 0.46 cm2) was excellent (r = 0.91, P < .001, Delta = 0.02 +/- 0.21 cm2). However, AVAA was significantly larger (1.19 +/- 0.35 cm2) than AVAE (0.89 +/- 0.29 cm2) in the bicuspid AS group (r = 0.71, P < .001, Delta = 0.29 +/- 0.25 cm2). Computer simulation demonstrated that the observed discrepancy related to jet eccentricity.
Answer: For a given anatomic orifice, functional severity tends to be greater in bicuspid AS than in tricuspid AS. This appears to be primarily related to greater jet eccentricity and less pressure recovery.

Answer:
Does planimetric assessment of anatomic valve area overestimate effective orifice area in bicuspid aortic stenosis?