Make use of the article to answer the questions.

The 1973 oil crisis began in October 1973 when the members of the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC, consisting of the Arab members of OPEC plus Egypt and Syria) proclaimed an oil embargo. By the end of the embargo in March 1974, the price of oil had risen from US$3 per barrel to nearly $12 globally; US prices were significantly higher. The embargo caused an oil crisis, or "shock", with many short- and long-term effects on global politics and the global economy. It was later called the "first oil shock", followed by the 1979 oil crisis, termed the "second oil shock."

The crisis had a major impact on international relations and created a rift within NATO. Some European nations and Japan sought to disassociate themselves from United States foreign policy in the Middle East to avoid being targeted by the boycott. Arab oil producers linked any future policy changes to peace between the belligerents. To address this, the Nixon Administration began multilateral negotiations with the combatants. They arranged for Israel to pull back from the Sinai Peninsula and the Golan Heights. By January 18, 1974, US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger had negotiated an Israeli troop withdrawal from parts of the Sinai Peninsula. The promise of a negotiated settlement between Israel and Syria was enough to convince Arab oil producers to lift the embargo in March 1974.

1. When did the oil crisis begin?
2. How long did it last?
3. How much did costs rise?
4. Whats another name for it?
5. How many others were there?
6. Who caused it?
7. Why?
8. Who started deliberating to raise the embargo?
9. What did they do?
10. Who had to make peace in this process?
11. Did these developments directly benefit members of OPEC?
12. How so?
13. Who was the primary target of the embargo?
14. Who distanced themselves from the US during this time?
15. What cause the second oil shock?
1. October 1973
2. Six months
3. At least $9.
4. First oil shock
5. One
6. Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries
7. United States policies in the Middle East
8. Nixon Administration
9. Arranged for Israel to pull back from the Sinai Peninsula and the Golan Heights.
10. Israel and Syria
11. Yes
12. Syria and Egypt were members, and they benefited from Israel's withdrawals.
13. Israel
14. Some European nations and Japan
15. unknown