Problem: The theory of relativity usually encompasses two interrelated theories by Albert Einstein: special relativity and general relativity. Special relativity applies to elementary particles and their interactions, describing all their physical phenomena except gravity. General relativity explains the law of gravitation and its relation to other forces of nature. It applies to the cosmological and astrophysical realm, including astronomy.

The theory transformed theoretical physics and astronomy during the 20th century, superseding a 200-year-old theory of mechanics created primarily by Isaac Newton. It introduced concepts including spacetime as a unified entity of space and time, relativity of simultaneity, kinematic and gravitational time dilation, and length contraction. In the field of physics, relativity improved the science of elementary particles and their fundamental interactions, along with ushering in the nuclear age. With relativity, cosmology and astrophysics predicted extraordinary astronomical phenomena such as neutron stars, black holes, and gravitational waves.

Albert Einstein published the theory of special relativity in 1905, building on many theoretical results and empirical findings obtained by Albert A. Michelson, Hendrik Lorentz, Henri Poincare and others. Max Planck, Hermann Minkowski and others did subsequent work.

Einstein developed general relativity between 1907 and 1915, with contributions by many others after 1915. The final form of general relativity was published in 1916.
1. What did Einstein publish in 1905?
2. Did he build on anyone else's results?
3. What was one of their names?
4. How about another?
5. Anyone else specifically mentioned?
6. Did anyone do work based on Einstein?
7. Who was one of those people?
8. Who had a theory of mechanics?
9. How long had it been around?
10. Did Einstein's theory take precedence over Newton's?
11. What was one of the concepts it introduced?
12. What was another?
13. What field has relativity added improvements to?
14. What did it usher in?
15. Is it known if Godzilla will crush Japan and take over the world?
16. What extraordinary phenomena has been predicted with relativity?
17. What else?
18. Any other cool stuff?
19. When was the final form of general relativity published?
20. How many years had it taken Einstein to develop it?
Answer: 1. theory of special relativity
2. Yes
3. Albert A. Michelson
4. Hendrik Lorentz
5. Henri Poincare
6. Yes
7. Max Planck
8. Isaac Newton
9. 200 years
10. Yes
11. spacetime as unified entity of space and time
12. Relativity of simultaneity
13. Physics
14. Nuclear age
15. unknown
16. Neutron stars
17. Black holes
18. Gravitational Waves
19. 1916
20. 9 years

Problem: (CNN) -- An alleged new case of waterboarding emerged in a massive report Thursday detailing brutal CIA interrogations of Libyan detainees last decade before they were handed over to Moammar Gadhafi's regime.

Mohammed al-Shoroeiya "provided detailed and credible testimony that he was waterboarded on repeated occasions during U.S. interrogations in Afghanistan," Human Rights Watch said in a 200-plus page report.

The allegations directly challenge long-standing claims by President George W. Bush and his administration that only three terror suspects, none of whom were Libyan, were waterboarded during interrogations.

Human rights groups consider waterboarding -- in which a prisoner is restrained and water poured over his mouth and nose to produce the sensation of drowning -- a form of torture.

"While never using the phrase 'waterboarding,' he said that after his captors put a hood over his head and strapped him onto a wooden board, 'then they start with the water pouring. ... They start to pour water to the point where you feel like you are suffocating.' He added that 'they wouldn't stop until they got some kind of answer from me,'" the report said.

Laura Pitter, a counterterrorism adviser for Human Rights Watch and the author of the report, said abuses occurred in U.S.-run facilities in Afghanistan between April 2003 and April 2005. She said waterboarding occurred in 2003 but it is not clear if it occurred afterward.

The rights group's accusations come a week after the U.S. Justice Department closed a criminal investigation without charges into the deaths of two terror suspects in CIA custody.
1. how many pages is the report?
2. who released it?
3. is anyone who works with them mentioned?
4. who?
5. her position?
6. on what does she advise?
7. does she have any other roles?
8. what?
9. what did she write?
10. did she say anything?
11. what?
12. is a specific type mentioned?
13. what?
14. where did this occur?
15. in what country?
16. did someone die?
17. who?
18. did someone look into their deaths?
19. who?
20. was anyone charged?
Answer: 1. 200-plus
2. Human Rights Watch
3. Yes
4. Laura Pitter
5. adviser
6. counterterrorism
7. Yes
8. author
9. the report
10. Yes
11. abuses occurred
12. Yes
13. waterboarding
14. U.S.-run facilitie
15. Afghanistan
16. Yes
17. two terror suspects
18. Yes
19. U.S. Justice Department
20. No

Problem: Dear Jenny, Gary is having a _ party after Month Exam! He invites all of us to come! Since it is a potluck party, I think I will bring some beef noodles. As I know, Lily will take care of the drinks and Gina will bring a big homemade chocolate cake. Can you ask your mom to buy us some KFC fried chicken? You know it is too far for all of us to ride a bike there, but your mom often drives there. We can pay the bill together. Just think about how surprised our classmates will feel when they see what we prepare! Isn't it great? The party will start at noon on March 25, so be sure to be at Gary's place around 11:30 to prepare for the party. By the way, don't forget to invite Amy, who is good at music. If you have any other questions, just call me or write me back. Take care! Leo
1. Who is this letter addressed to?
2. Who signs it at the end?
3. He says that someone is giving a party. Who?
4. When?
5. Who is he inviting?
6. Who will be doing the drinks?
7. What is Leo bringing?
8. What time will the party begin?
9. What is Jenny's mom supposed to buy?
10. Who is talented at music?
11. Who is going to pay?
12. Is it a potluck?
13. Does Jenny need to get to the party early?
14. Why?
15. What time should she get there?
16. What is Gina bringing?
17. Will it be a small one?
18. What should Jenny do if she has questions?
19. What is too far to ride a bike to?
20. Does Jenny's mom drive there a lot?
Answer:
1. Jenny
2. Leo
3. Gary
4. March 25
5. all of them
6. Lily
7. beef noodles
8. around 11:30
9. fried chicken from KFC
10. Amy
11. Leo and Jenny
12. yes
13. yes
14. to prepare
15. around 11:30
16. a homemade chocolate cake
17. no
18. call or write Leo
19. KFC
20. yes