Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Input: Consider Input: To evaluate newly diagnosed non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION) patients for the existence of an associated sleep apnoea syndrome.', 'Newly identified NAION patient underwent polysomnography. The prevalence of sleep apnoea in NAION patients was compared to the prevalence previously found in the general population. Hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, and atheromatous lesions of carotid vessels as classic risk factors associated with NAION were also identified.', '27 consecutive newly diagnosed NAION patients (18 men and nine women, mean age 65 (SD 8) years, body mass index 27.2 (3.8) kg/m2) were included in the study. 24 of these 27 NAION patients (89%) exhibited a sleep apnoea syndrome (respiratory disturbance index: 37.2/h (SD 18.3/h). Risk ratio for a NAION patient to have sleep apnoea was 4.9 compared to the general population (p < 0.001). Sleep apnoea was 1.5-2-fold more frequent than the rate of the other identified risk factors typically associated with NAION (hypertension, diabetes).

Output: Is non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy nearly systematically associated with obstructive sleep apnoea?

Input: Consider Input: To explore the antitumoral effect of indirubin on androgen-independent prostate cancer PC-3 cells and its possible mechanisms.', 'We measured the inhibitory effect of indirubin on the proliferation of prostate cancer PC-3 cells using MTT assay, detected their cell cycles by flow cytometry, and determined the expressions of the cell cycle regulatory protein cyclin D1 and its related downstream gene c-myc by Western blot.', 'The viability of the PC-3 cells was significantly decreased by indirubin in a concentration-dependent manner, reduced to 52. 2% and 13. 6% at 5 and 10 mol/L, respectively. The cell cycle of the PC-3 cells was markedly inhibited by indirubin at 5 mol/L, with the cells remarkably increased in the G0 and G1 phases and decreased in the S and G2/M phases. Meanwhile, indirubin also inhibited the expressions of cyclin D1 and c-myc in the Wnt signaling pathway.

Output: Does [ Indirubin inhibit the proliferation of prostate cancer PC-3 cells ]?

Input: Consider Input: To assess prospectively the impact of psychiatric disorders on risk for exacerbations. The course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is punctuated by acute exacerbations. Although anxiety and mood disorders are common in patients with COPD, no studies have assessed prospectively the association between these disorders and exacerbations.', "Psychiatric disorders were evaluated by a structured psychiatric interview in 110 patients (51% women, age (mean +/- standard deviation) = 66 +/- 8 years) with stable COPD and previous admission for exacerbations recruited from two outpatient clinics. Patients were followed for a mean of 2 years and both inpatient-treated (i.e., treated in the emergency department or hospital) and outpatient-treated (i.e., treated with medication in the patient's own environment) exacerbations were recorded.", 'Independent of covariates, patients with psychiatric disorders exhibited a significantly higher weighted annual rate of exacerbations treated in an outpatient setting after adjustment for covariates (3 versus 2, p = .003) than patients without psychiatric disorders, but no difference in exacerbations treated in the inpatient setting. They were also at a higher risk for any (relative risk (RR) = 1.56, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.02-2.37) and outpatient (RR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.08-2.59) exacerbations, but not inpatient exacerbations (RR = 1.36, 95% CI = 0.82-2.25).
Output: Are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with psychiatric disorders at greater risk of exacerbations?