INPUT ARTICLE: Article: when addressing bad behavior. No matter how frustrated you become, breathe deeply and stay calm. Children are better prepared to hear what you say if you are calm and rational. Take some deep breaths, count backward from 10 (or 50!), and visualize a peaceful scene before you address the problem. 1-year-olds do not understand cause and effect well, and yelling will only frighten and upset them. Your child will learn to be afraid of you instead of learning how to behave. You want to administer discipline as soon as possible so that they connect it to the specific improper behavior. Still, if you need, take a moment or two to center yourself so that you can address your child in the best way possible calmly and rationally. Shouting is never appropriate and will seldom have a positive effect, so if you find that you are raising your voice, disengage and let the teaching moment pass. There will be plenty more. Evidence continues to mount that physical punishments like spanking are ineffective and may in fact contribute to future anti-social behaviors. Physical punishment is particularly unhelpful for very young children, since they cannot truly yet connect the effect (the pain of your discipline) with the cause (their bad behavior). "My parents spanked me and I turned out fine" is not a good rationale. You probably also rode in the car without a car seat, and may have ridden your bike without a helmet. " Highlight good behavior, and, when it is necessary to call your child's attention to bad behavior, make it a point not to call your child "bad." 1-year-olds are just learning how the world works. They are not "bad" they just don't know better. Instead of "Bad Jeremy! Don't hit Daddy!", try "It hurts Daddy when Bobby hits me ouch!" For the word "no" to have maximum impact, reserve it for times when it is really necessary for example, if your child is doing something dangerous. Otherwise, take care to frame your sentence as a positive: say, "Color on the paper!" rather than "No! Don't color on the wall!" Rather than "No food on the floor!", go with "Let's keep our food on our tray." Children can begin to learn, at this stage, that their behavior affects other people. For example, a 1-year-old child can learn, with repetition, that throwing food makes you angry. Explain these dynamics as often as needed, in a calm tone. "Sissy gets sad and doesn't want to play with you when you take toys from her." "When you bite Mommy, it means I have to stop playing blocks with you." If your child is about to touch something they shouldn't or is exhibiting early signs of other bad behavior, offer a distracting alternative. 1-year-olds are easily distracted with safe and interesting toys. Follow up with discipline only if the unwanted behavior persists in spite of your attempt to divert it.

SUMMARY: Keep your cool Refrain from yelling. Avoid physical discipline, especially with small kids. Do not call your child "bad. Use "no" sparingly. Teach your child how to interact with other people. Offer alternatives when bad behavior is imminent.

In one sentence, describe what the following article is about: Think about the format of the quiz show, including the number of participants, the subject matter of the competition, and how the quiz show will be run. Start by determining how you will organize the participants in the quiz show. Ask yourself, Will the participants compete as a team or as individuals? You may think about how many participants you would like to have in the competition and then determine if teams or individual competitors makes more sense. Having large teams may be fun if there are going to be a lot of participants, while individual competitors may be ideal if there are only going to be a handful of participants. You may opt for teams if you are trying to get the participants used to working as a group. This may be a good way to encourage social interaction among friends or teamwork among a class of students. You may also break up the quiz show into sections or heats, where teams compete against each other in heats. Then, whichever teams win the heats face each other in the final round of the competition. You should also establish rules for the quiz show so the participants know what to expect when they play. You may create strict rules around how competitors play against each other, including pressing a buzzer or raising a hand when they have the answer to a question. You may also note how the competitors earn points in the quiz show. For example, you may have a rule where the competitors earn five points for every question they answer correctly. Then, if there is a tie at the end of the competition, there is a sudden death match where competitors answer difficult questions as fast as they can. You may also allow for the stealing of points from an opposing team if a team member does not answer a question within a certain timeframe. As the person in charge of organizing the quiz show, you should compile the content for the competition ahead of time. You may use materials from the class to create the content for the competition, such as names and dates of a historical period or questions on a reading assignment done in the class. Or you may use materials from other sources, such as scholarly journals or pop culture articles, to create content for the quiz show. You may decide to include a mix of easy questions and difficult questions in the content so the competitors can still be challenged and have fun. Having a variety of questions can also keep the competition interesting and engaging for any spectators in the room.
Summary: Decide if participants will compete individually or in teams. Create rules for the competition. Put together the content for the competition.

INPUT ARTICLE: Article: When you enjoy a sweet or fattening treat, sip water on the side so that you can focus on the flavor of the food instead of the task of drinking water. Even if you intend to order a soda or alcoholic beverage, sipping on water while you peruse the menu can help you anticipate the other beverage even more. Make it a habit to always alternate between water and another beverage, have a race with friends or families to drink a glass of water with just a spoon, or take a "shot" of water between servings of other beverages.

SUMMARY:
Sip water when you indulge in dessert or other rich foods. Always order water at a restaurant before any other drink. Drink water in unorthodox ways.