Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

CHAPTER III.

TWO QUARRELS.

Three days later the shooting party assembled. Several gentlemen came to stay at the house, while Ronald Mervyn and his party, of course, put up at Mervyn Hall. The shooting was very successful, and the party were well pleased with their visit. Reginald Carne was quiet and courteous to his guests, generally accompanying them through the day, though he did not himself carry a gun. After the first day's shooting there was a dinner party at Mervyn Hall, and the following evening there was one at The Hold.

Lieutenant Gulston enjoyed himself more than any one else, though he was one of the least successful of the sportsmen, missing easy shots in a most unaccountable manner, and seeming to take but moderate interest in the shooting. He had, very shortly after arriving at the house, come to the conclusion that the doctor was altogether mistaken, and that Reginald Carne showed no signs whatever of being in any way different from other men. "The doctor is so accustomed to us sailors," he said to himself, "that if a man is quiet and studious he begins to fancy directly there must be something queer about him. That is always the way with doctors who make madness a special study. They suspect every one they come across of being out of their mind. I shouldn't be at all surprised if he doesn't fancy I am cracked myself. The idea is perfectly absurd. I watched Carne closely at dinner, and no one could have been more pleasant and gentlemanly than he was. I expect Mackenzie must have heard a word let drop about this old story, and of course if he did he would set down Carne at once as being insane. Well, thank goodness, that's off my mind; it's been worrying me horribly for the last few days. I have been a fool to trouble myself so about Mackenzie's croakings, but now I will not think anything more about it."

1. Who had the most of fun of anyone there?
2. How had his day gone, compared to everyone else's?
3. How were his shooting skills that day?
4. Did he seem very into it?
5. What had he decided about the doctor earlier?
6. About who?
7. What had the doctor diagnosed him as?
8. What does he say the doctor might think of him?
9. How long after the hunt convened did guests stay at the house?
10. Who stayed at Mervyn Hall?
11. Was anyone with him?
12. Was everyone feeling good about the trip?
13. Was the hunt victorious?
14. Who was quiet?
15. But was he polite?
16. To who?
17. Did he accompany the other guys on the hunt?
18. Did he have a firearm?
19. Where did everyone eat the first night?
20. And the next night?

Numbered answers:

A: 1. Lieutenant Gulston.
2. One of the least successful.
3. He was missing easy shots.
4. Moderately.
5. He was altogether mistaken.
6. Reginald Carne.
7. Being out of his mind.
8. I am cracked myself.
9. Three days later.
10. Ronald Mervyn.
11. His party.
12. Yes.
13. Yes.
14. Reginald Carne.
15. Yes.
16. His guests.
17. Yes.
18. No.
19. Mervyn Hall.
20. The Hold.

Question: Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. Evolutionary processes give rise to biodiversity at every level of biological organisation, including the levels of species, individual organisms, and molecules.

Repeated formation of new species (speciation), change within species (anagenesis), and loss of species (extinction) throughout the evolutionary history of life on Earth are demonstrated by shared sets of morphological and biochemical traits, including shared DNA sequences. These shared traits are more similar among species that share a more recent common ancestor, and can be used to reconstruct a biological "tree of life" based on evolutionary relationships (phylogenetics), using both existing species and fossils. The fossil record includes a progression from early biogenic graphite, to microbial mat fossils, to fossilised multicellular organisms. Existing patterns of biodiversity have been shaped both by speciation and by extinction.

In the mid-19th century, Charles Darwin formulated the scientific theory of evolution by natural selection, published in his book "On the Origin of Species" (1859). Evolution by natural selection is a process demonstrated by the observation that more offspring are produced than can possibly survive, along with three facts about populations: 1) traits vary among individuals with respect to morphology, physiology, and behaviour (phenotypic variation), 2) different traits confer different rates of survival and reproduction (differential fitness), and 3) traits can be passed from generation to generation (heritability of fitness). Thus, in successive generations members of a population are replaced by progeny of parents better adapted to survive and reproduce in the biophysical environment in which natural selection takes place. 1. Define evolution?
2. Who formulated the theory of evolution?
3. Name his book that he published?
4. what year?
5. Evolutionary processes give rise to what?
6. At what levels?
7. Existing patterns of biodiversity have been shaped by what?
8. Define Evolution by natural selection?
9. Successive generations of populations are replaced by what?
10. Do the DNA sequences have a role in Evolution? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers: 1. Change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.
2. Charles Darwin
3. On the Origin of Species
4. 1859
5. Biodiversity
6. species, individual organisms, and molecules.
7. speciation and by extinction.
8. natural selection is a process demonstrated by the observation that more offspring are produced than can possibly survive,
9. Progeny of parents.
10. Yes.

Q: Humans have sewn by hand for thousands of years. It was said that the first thread was made from animal muscle and sinew . And the earliest needles were made from bones. Since those early days, many people have been involved in the process of developing a machine that could do the same thing more quickly and with greater efficiency.

Charles Wiesenthal, who was born in Germany, designed and received a patent on a double-pointed needle that eliminated the need to turn the needle around with each stitch in England in 1755. Other inventors of that time tried to develop a functional sewing machine, but each design had at least one serious imperfection.

Frenchman Barthelemy Thimonnier finally engineered a machine that really worked. However, he was nearly killed by a group of angry tailors when they burned down his garment factory. They feared that they would lose their jobs to the machine.

American inventor Elias Howe, born on July 9, 1819, was awarded a patent for a method of sewing that used thread from two different sources. Howe's machine had a needle with an eye at the point, and it used the two threads to make a special stitch called a lockstitch. However, Howe faced difficulty in finding buyers for his machines in America. In frustration, he traveled to England to try to sell his invention there. When he finally returned home, he found that dozens of manufacturers were adapting his discovery for use in their own sewing machines.

Isaac Singer, another American inventor, was also a manufacturer who made improvements to the design of sewing machines. He invented an up-and-down-motion mechanism that replaced the side-to-side machines. He also developed a foot treadle to power his machine. This improvement left the sewer's hands free. Undoubtedly, it was a huge improvement of the hand-cranked machine of the past. Soon the Singer sewing machine achieved more fame than the others for it was more practical. It could be adapted to home use and it could be bought on hire-purchase. The Singer sewing machine became the first home appliance, and the Singer company became one of the first American multinationals.

However, Singer used the same method to create a lockstitch that Howe had already patented. As a result, Howe accused him of patent infringement . Of course, Elias Howe won the court case, and Singer was ordered to pay Howe royalties . In the end, Howe became a millionaire, not by manufacturing the sewing machine, but by receiving royalty payments for his invention.

1. It was said that the first thread was made from animal muscle and sinew
2. And the earliest needles were made from bones

Numbered questions:
1. What was the first thread made from?
2. What about the needles?