Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
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Question: Context: 99mTc-HMPAO is a well-established isotope useful in the detection of regional cerebral blood flow. Diabetes gives rise to arterial atherosclerotic changes that can lead to significant end organ dysfunction, prominently affecting perfusion to the heart, kidneys, eyes and brain. In the current study, we investigated the role of 99mTc-HMPAO cerebral perfusion scans in detecting early vascular changes in the diabetic brain.', 'Cerebral perfusion studies were performed on both control and streptozotocin-(STZ) induced diabetic male Wistar rats. Rat brain imaging using a gamma camera was performed for each group 0.5, 2, 4, and 24 hours post 99mTc-HMPAO injection. Data processing for each cerebral perfusion scan was performed by drawing a region of interest (ROI) circumferentially around the brain (B). Background (BKG) due to signal from the soft tissue of each rat was subtracted. Brain 99mTc-HMPAO uptake minus background counts (net brain counts; NBC) were then compared between the two groups.', 'The NBC (mean +/- SD) for the STZ group were statistically significantly higher (p = 0.0004) than those of the control group at each of the time points studied.
Answer: 99mTc-HMPAO brain scan may be useful in the detection of early atherosclerotic changes in the diabetic rat brain.

Answer: Does perfusion scanning using 99mTc-HMPAO detect early cerebrovascular changes in the diabetic rat?

Question: Context: Cerebral deposition of phospho-tau in Alzheimer's disease (AD) occurs with varying patterns within hippocampus. Lamina-specific tau changes in AD may reflect trans-synaptic propagation of phospho-tau along neuroanatomical pathways.", 'To study patterns of tau deposition within inner (IML) and outer (OML) molecular layers of dentate gyrus and their clinical and neuropathological correlates.', '98 consecutive autopsied brains from the Columbia University Brain Bank were stained for phospho-tau using AT-8. Staining density was rated as High versus Low within IML and OML. Four patterns were observed among the 98 brains: High IML&OML, n = 44; High OML Only (n = 35); High IML Only (n = 5); and Low IML&OML (n = 14). Demographic, clinical, and neuropathological characteristics of these four groups were compared.', 'High IML&OML subjects, versus High OML Only, were more likely to fulfill CERAD criteria for Definite AD (93% versus 66%, p < 0.01) and to have higher median Braak stage (6 versus 5, p < 0.01) and earlier mean age of onset (65.9 versus 73.7 y, p = 0.02), with similar symptom duration. Using logistic regression, the association between High IML&OML and AD remained significant after adjustment for demographics but not symptom duration. In the 70 subjects with Definite AD, High IML&OML was associated with younger age of onset (mean difference 3.7 years, 95%CI -6.7 to -0.7, p < 0.01), after adjustment for demographics and symptom duration.
Answer: Phospho-tau pathology, when prominent within both IML and OML, is associated with CERAD diagnosis of Definite AD and earlier age of onset in AD. Laminar patterns of tau deposition reflect regional involvements during disease course.

Answer: Does hippocampal laminar distribution of tau relate to Alzheimer 's disease and age of onset?

Question: Context: We studied the association between polymorphisms in the UCP genes and diabetes complications in patients with type 1 diabetes.', 'We analyzed 227 patients with type 1 diabetes using PCR and subsequent cleavage by restriction endonucleases for the promoter variants A-3826G in the UCP1 gene, G-866A in the UCP2 gene, and C-55T in the UCP3 gene.', 'No effect of the A-3826G polymorphism in the UCP1 gene on diabetes complications was found. Patients who were heterozygous or homozygous for the G-866A polymorphism in the UCP2 gene or the C-55T polymorphism in the UCP3 gene had a significantly reduced prevalence of diabetic neuropathy (UCP2: odds ratio 0.44 [95% CI 0.24-0.79], P = 0.007; UCP3: 0.48 [0.25-0.92], P = 0.031), whereas there was no association with other diabetes complications. This effect was stronger when G-866A and C-55T occurred in a cosegregatory manner (UCP2 and UCP3: 0.28 [0.12-0.65], P = 0.002). Furthermore, a multiple logistic regression model showed an age- and diabetes duration-independent effect of the cosegregated polymorphisms on the prevalence of diabetic neuropathy (P = 0.013).
Answer: Our data indicate that both the G-866A polymorphism in the UCP2 gene and the C-55T polymorphism in the UCP3 gene are associated with a reduced risk of diabetic neuropathy in type 1 diabetes. Thus, the results presented here support the hypothesis that higher expression of uncoupling protein might prevent mitochondria-mediated neuronal injury and, ultimately, diabetic neuropathy.

Answer:
Are functional polymorphisms of UCP2 and UCP3 associated with a reduced prevalence of diabetic neuropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes?