Answer the following question given this paragraph: Complement System The complement system is a series of proteins constitutively found in the blood plasma. As such, these proteins are not considered part of the early induced immune response, even though they share features with some of the antibacterial proteins of this class. Made in the liver, they have a variety of functions in the innate immune response, using what is known as the "alternate pathway" of complement activation. Additionally, complement functions in the adaptive immune response as well, in what is called the classical pathway. The complement system consists of several proteins that enzymatically alter and fragment later proteins in a series, which is why it is termed cascade. Once activated, the series of reactions is irreversible, and releases fragments that have the following actions: Bind to the cell membrane of the pathogen that activates it, labeling it for phagocytosis (opsonization) Diffuse away from the pathogen and act as chemotactic agents to attract phagocytic cells to the site of inflammation Form damaging pores in the plasma membrane of the pathogen Figure 21.13 shows the classical pathway, which requires antibodies of the adaptive immune response. The alternate pathway does not require an antibody to become activated. Q: The complement system is a series of proteins constitutively found in the what? Choices: - nucleus - organs - platelets - blood plasma A:
blood plasma
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: What are the most numerous blood cells? Choices: - neutrophils - white blood cells - platelets - red blood cells A:
red blood cells
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: There are about 50,000 living species of vertebrates. They are placed in nine classes: five classes of fish plus amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Q: In addition to five classes of fish, what other classes make up the species of vertebrates? Choices: - amphibians , vertebrae , birds , and mammals - reptiles, birds, mammals, and primates - insects, amphibians, reptiles, and birds - amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals A:
A: amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Curvatures of the Vertebral Column The adult vertebral column does not form a straight line, but instead has four curvatures along its length (see Figure 7.20). These curves increase the vertebral column's strength, flexibility, and ability to absorb shock. When the load on the spine is increased, by carrying a heavy backpack for example, the curvatures increase in depth (become more curved) to accommodate the extra weight. They then spring back when the weight is removed. The four adult curvatures are classified as either primary or secondary curvatures. Primary curves are retained from the original fetal curvature, while secondary curvatures develop after birth. Q: What feature of the spine helps with flexibility and strength? Choices: - shape - angle - arrangement - curves A:
Answer: curves
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: 33.3 Homeostasis Homeostasis is a dynamic equilibrium that is maintained in body tissues and organs. It is dynamic because it is constantly adjusting to the changes that the systems encounter. It is in equilibrium because body functions are kept within a normal range, with some fluctuations around a set point for the processes. Q: What is the term for a dynamic equilibrium that is maintained in body tissues and organs? Choices: - homogeneity - metabolism - dormancy - homeostasis A:
**Answer**
homeostasis
(Question)
Answer the following question given this paragraph: 33.2 The Four Basic Forces The four basic forces and their carrier particles are summarized in the Table 33.1. Feynman diagrams are graphs of time versus position and are highly useful pictorial representations of particle processes. The theory of electromagnetism on the particle scale is called quantum electrodynamics (QED). Q: What do we call the theory of electromagnetism on the particle scale? Choices: - iron electrodynamics - light electrodynamics - gravity electrodynamics - quantum electrodynamics A:
(Answer)
quantum electrodynamics