question: MarxismLeninism is the political ideology adopted by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and Comintern, which its proponents consider to be based on Marxism and Leninism. The term was suggested by Joseph Stalin and gained wide circulation in the Soviet Union after Stalin's 1938 "History of the VKP(b). A Brief Course," which became an official standard textbook.

The goal of MarxismLeninism, according to its proponents, is the development of a state into what it considers a socialist state through the leadership of a revolutionary vanguard composed of "professional" revolutionaries, an organic part of the working class who come to socialist consciousness as a result of the dialectic of class struggle. The socialist state, which according to MarxismLeninism represents a "dictatorship of the proletariat", is primarily or exclusively governed by the party of the revolutionary vanguard through the process of democratic centralism, which Vladimir Lenin described as "diversity in discussion, unity in action." Through this policy, the communist party (or equivalent) is the supreme political institution of the state and primary force of societal organisation. MarxismLeninism professes its final goal as the development of socialism into the full realisation of communism, a classless social system with common ownership of the means of production and with full social equality of all members of society. To achieve this goal, the communist party mainly focuses on the intensive development in industry, science and technology, which lay the basis for continual growth of the productive forces and therein increases the flow of material wealth. All land and natural resources are publicly owned and managed, with varying forms of public ownership of social institutions.
1. What does the socialist state represent?
2. Who described it using the word unity?
3. What ideological framework does the party of communism use?
4. who came up with this term?
5. what year did it become more widely used?
6. after what book was circulated?
7. what kind of a state do its followers want to develop?
8. using leaders made up of what?
9. which is a natural development of what class of people?
10. resulting from what struggling?
****
answer: 1. a "dictatorship of the proletariat
2. Vladimir Lenin
3. Marxism and Leninism.
4. Joseph Stalin
5. 1938
6. History of the VKP(b). A Brief Course
7. a socialist state
8. a revolutionary vanguard composed of "professional" revolutionaries
9. the working class
10. the dialectic of class struggle

question: Once an Englishman named Jack Brown went to Russia for a holiday. He stayed there for several months and then came home again. Some of his friends visited him a few days after he got back. "I had a very dangerous trip while I was in Russia," Jack said to them. "I wanted to see a friend of mine in the country and the bad weather made me very late. So I was still traveling through a forest in a sleigh when the sun went down. It was a long way from my friend's house when about twenty wolves began to follow my sleigh. It was very dark in the forest. There was thick snow on the ground. It was cold, and there were no houses for miles and miles. First I heard the wolves. The noise was terrible! The horses heard them, too. They were frightened and began running faster. Then I saw long, gray forms among the trees, and soon the wolves were near us. They were running very fast, and they didn't seem to get tired like the horses." "What did you do?" one of Jack's friends asked. "When the wolves got very near," Jack answered, "I put up my gun and shot the first wolf. The sleigh was moving about, but I hit the animal and killed it. Then all the other wolves stopped and ate it, so our sleigh got away from them for a few minutes." "Then they finished their meal, and I heard them coming again. The moon was shining brightly on the snow now, and after a few minutes I saw them running among the trees once more. They came nearer again, and then I shot another of them, and the others stopped once more to eat it." "The same thing happened again and again, and my horses became more and more tired and ran slower and slower until, after about two hours, only one wolf was still alive and following us." "Wasn't it too fat to run?" one of his friends asked.
1. What did Jack shoot?
2. was it killed?
3. What did the other wolves do then?
4. How long did the sleigh get away from the other wolves?
5. What was shining?
6. On what?
7. Was the moon bright?
8. After two hours, how many wolves were alive?
9. Was it still following the sleigh?
10. What nationality was Jack Brown?
11. Why did he go to Russia?
12. How long did he stay?
13. Where did he then return to?
14. Who visited him when he returned?
15. What kind of trip did he say he had in Russia?
16. What made him late during that trip?
17. Was he a little late or very late?
18. How many wolves were initially following him?
19. What animals were spooked by the wolves?
20. Was it light or dark in the forest?
****
answer: 1. A wolf
2. Yes
3. Stopped and ate it
4. A few minutes
5. The moon
6. On the snow
7. Yes
8. Only one wolf
9. Yes
10. Englishman
11. For a holiday
12. Several months
13. Home
14. Some of his friends
15. A very dangerous one
16. Bad weather
17. Very late
18. About twenty
19. The horses
20. Dark

question: CHAPTER II

THE ENCOUNTER ON THE RIVER

For the instant after the collision occurred none of the Rover boys uttered a word. Tom and Sam stared in amazement at Mumps, while Dick gazed helplessly at the damage done.

"Pull her away, quick, Bill!" cried Mumps in a low voice to the old sailor, who at once sprang forward and shoved the two yachts apart with a long boathook. Then the rudder of the _Falcon_ was put hard a port, and she swung, away for a distance of half a dozen yards.

"We are sinking!" gasped Tom, who was the first of the three brothers to find his voice.

"Mumps, you rascal, what do you mean by this work?" demanded Dick. And then, without waiting for an answer, he turned to Sam. "Steer for the shore and beach her--if you can."

"I don't believe we can make it, Dick. But we can try."

"We'll have you locked up for this, Mumps," shouted Tom.

"I couldn't help it--it was an accident," returned the former sneak of Putnam Hall glibly. "You should have kept out of the way."

"We'll see about that later on."

"Maybe you want us to help you."

"We shan't ask you for the favor," burst out Sam. "I'd rather drown first." But Sam did not exactly mean this. He and his brothers could all swim, and he felt certain that they were in no immediate danger of their lives.

"You had better not ask any favors. I wouldn't pick you up for a barrel of money."
1. Can Sam swim?
2. What about his brothers?
3. What happened to the boats?
4. Did the brothers say a lot after the crash?
5. What is the brothers' family name?
6. How many were there?
7. What were their names?
8. Who else was on the boat?
9. Besides Tom, Dick, Sam and Mumps, who else was on the boat?
10. What was the name of one of the boats?
****
answer:
1. no
2. yes
3. they collided
4. no
5. Rover
6. three
7. tom dick sam mumps
8. mumps
9. no one
10. the falcon