Teacher: Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous disease with an uncertain pathogenesis. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) represent a recently discovered cell population which has been implicated in driving Th2 inflammation in CRS; however, their relationship with clinical disease characteristics has yet to be investigated. The aim of this study was to identify ILC2s in sinus mucosa in patients with CRS and controls and compare ILC2s across characteristics of disease. A cross-sectional study of patients with CRS undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery was conducted. Sinus mucosal biopsies were obtained during surgery and control tissue from patients undergoing pituitary tumour resection through transphenoidal approach. ILC2s were identified as CD45(+) Lin(-) CD127(+) CD4(-) CD8(-) CRTH2(CD294)(+) CD161(+) cells in single cell suspensions through flow cytometry. ILC2 frequencies, measured as a percentage of CD45(+) cells, were compared across CRS phenotype, endotype, inflammatory CRS subtype and other disease characteristics including blood eosinophils, serum IgE, asthma status and nasal symptom score. 35 patients (40% female, age 48 17 years) including 13 with eosinophilic CRS (eCRS), 13 with non-eCRS and 9 controls were recruited. ILC2 frequencies were associated with the presence of nasal polyps (P = 0.002) as well as high tissue eosinophilia (P = 0.004) and eosinophil-dominant CRS (P = 0.001) (Mann-Whitney U). They were also associated with increased blood eosinophilia (P = 0.005). There were no significant associations found between ILC2s and serum total IgE and allergic disease. In the CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) population, ILC2s were increased in patients with co-existing asthma (P = 0.03). ILC2s were also correlated with worsening nasal symptom score in CRS (P = 0.04).
Solution: 1
Reason: There is a line in the passage which say 'The aim of this study was...' which suggests that it is talking about a specific aim. Hence, the output should be 1 as this passage has a definite aim.

Now, solve this instance: Renalase is a kidney-origin monoamine oxidase which can degrade catecholamines and regulate blood pressure and cardiovascular function. Although it has been shown that serum renalase level significantly decreases with impaired renal function, it is not clear whether its level is related to different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients.', 'Eighty-seven patients with CKD were selected as subjects of this study to investigate the serum renalase and catecholamine (CA) levels by ELISA method, and their relationship with other renal function indicators.', 'Serum levels of renalase and renalase-catecholamine (R/C) ratios were significantly higher in CKD stage 3-5 patients (217.4 103.8 ng/L, 1.00 0.21) than CKD stage 1-2 patients (162.1 40.1 ng/L, 0.82 0.16; P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference between CKD stage 1-2 patients and the normal control group (167.8 69.4 ng/L, 0.88 0.17; P > 0.05). Renalase levels were linearly correlated with catecholamine levels (R (2) = 0.817; P < 0.01). Serum renalase levels were positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (SBP), serum CA, BUN, SCr, UA, and CKD stage (P < 0.05), while negatively correlated with RBC, Hb and estimated GFR (eGFR) (P < 0.05). R/C ratio was positively correlated with SBP, diastolic blood pressure, BUN, SCr, UA, cystatin C, 2 microglobulin, retinol binding protein-4 and CKD stage (P < 0.05), while negatively correlated with RBC, Hb, eGFR and GFR (P < 0.05).
Student:
0