Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

[Q]: Context: The fruits of Vitex rotundifolia L. are widely used to treat inflammation of the airway in Traditional Chinese medicine. Previous studies found that casticin, isolated from Vitex rotundifolia, could induce apoptosis of tumor cells. In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of casticin and its underlying molecular mechanism in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages.', 'RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with various concentrations of casticin (0.3-10M), and then treated with LPS to induce inflammation. We assayed the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) using ELISA, and examined the protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and heme oxygenase (HO)-1 by Western blot. We also investigated the anti-inflammatory molecular mechanism by analyzing inflammatory-associated signaling pathways, including the nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-B) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways.', 'We found casticin inhibited the levels of nitric oxide and PGE2, and decreased the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-). In addition, iNOS and COX-2 expression levels were suppressed and casticin increased HO-1 and Nrf2 production in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, casticin significantly inhibited NF-B subunit p65 proteins in the nucleus and decreased Akt and MAPK activation.
Answer: These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effect of casticin is due to inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators by blocking the NF-B, Akt, and MAPK signaling pathways.
[A]: Does casticin inhibit COX-2 and iNOS expression via suppression of NF-B and MAPK signaling in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse macrophages?

[Q]: Context: Psychomotor abnormalities characterize both unipolar (UP) depression and bipolar (BP) depression. We aimed to assess their neurobiological correlates in terms of motor activity (AL) and resting-state cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and investigate their association in BP, UP, and healthy controls (HC).', 'We enrolled 42 depressed patients (22 BP, 20 UP) and 19 HC matched for age, gender, education, income. AL and rCBF were objectively assessed with the use of wrist actigraphy and arterial spin labeling. Group differences and the association of AL and rCBF were computed.', 'Activity level was significantly reduced in patients, but no difference was found between BP and UP. Increased perfusion was found in BP compared with UP and HC, in multiple brain areas. We found positive correlations of rCBF and AL in BP and UP, in different parts of the insula and frontal regions. Only BP showed a cluster in the left precentral gyrus. In HC, only inverse correlations of AL and rCBF were found.
Answer: The differences in rCBF and in the localization of the clusters of positive AL/rCBF correlations between BP and UP suggest that different neural impairments may underlie motor symptoms in the two disorders, but finally converge in phenotypically similar manifestations.
[A]: Do distinct resting-state perfusion patterns underlie psychomotor retardation in unipolar vs. bipolar depression?

[Q]: Context: The prevalence of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Norway is low but increasing. Over the last decade, numerous nursing homes have experienced MRSA outbreaks. One genetic lineage, spa type t304, has been identified at multiple nursing homes and has caused large outbreaks lasting for several years.', 'To evaluate whether spa typing is sufficient for the detection of MRSA spread and endemic establishment in a low-prevalence area, using spa type t304 as the test organism.', 'All spa type t304 isolates detected in 1991-2010 in the most densely populated area of Norway were included. Time and place of bacterial sampling were recorded. The isolates were analysed using multi-locus sequence typing, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec typing, detection of lukS/F-PV and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).', 'In total, 181 spa type t304 isolates were identified in three of 23 municipalities. Most (91%) of the isolates could be linked to 13 nursing homes, eight of which experienced outbreaks. PFGE analysis revealed three PFGE types, consisting of 19 PFGE patterns; 95% of the isolates were PFGE type 2. In total, PFGE types 2 and 3 accounted for 99% of all nursing home isolates, and included isolates from different nursing homes, different outbreaks and different time periods. Additional genetic analyses did not further differentiate between the spa type t304 isolates.
Answer: MRSA spa type t304 appears to have established itself as an endemic genetic lineage in the study area. spa typing does not provide sufficient resolution when investigating the spread of an endemic-like genetic lineage in a low-prevalence area, and should be supplemented by additional typing techniques.
[A]:
Is spa typing alone sufficient to demonstrate endemic establishment of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a low-prevalence country?