TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.
PROBLEM: Please cite this article as: El-Shall N.A., Shewita R.S., Abd El-Hack M.E., AlKahtane A., Alarifi S., Alkahtani S., Abdel-Daim M.M. & Sedeik M.E., Effect of essential oils on the immune response to some viral vaccines in broiler chickens, with special reference to Newcastle disease virus, Poultry Science (2020), doi: https://doi.(Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack). 21 (195228.82) did not significantly (p>0.05) improve growth performance compared to 41 the non-treated birds (NC and VC) (197019.56 and 190438.66). Essential oils 42 showed an antiviral effect on vNDv in vivo (in chickens) as a preventive measure 43 (PRV) as well as some therapeutic effect (TTT) through decreasing the viral shedding 44 titres (loNC 0 ), mortality rate, and severity of clinical signs and post mortem lesions, in 45 addition to serum malondialdhyde (MDA) level. Regarding the other viruses, the EOs 46 mixture did not improve the immune response to the AI and IB vaccines but age (2108341.05). The studied EOs mixture showed an immune stimulating response 49 to ND and IBD vaccines, antiviral effect against ND virus especially if administered 50 before the challenge, however it did not have a growth promoting effect. 51 52

SOLUTION: Journal Pre-proof Effect of essential oils on the immune response to some viral vaccines in broiler chickens, with special reference to Newcastle disease virus Effect of essential oils on the immune response to some viral vaccines in broiler 3 chickens, with special reference to Newcastle disease virus 4

PROBLEM: Porcine epidemic diarrhoea (PED) is a contagious enteric disease of pigs caused by a coronavirus. A double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) based on the use of monoclonal antibodies was developed for the detection of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV). The DAS-ELISA was compared with RT-PCR in the examination of 506 specimens collected during 2006-2007 from pigs originating from different farms located in the Po valley. Both faecal samples obtained directly from the rectum of live animals showing clinical signs and intestinal samples collected from the caecum of deceased pigs were included in the study. The correlation between the two methods was higher when testing faecal samples (K = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.94-1.00) than testing intestinal samples (K = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.35-0.89). The use of ELISA technology provided an efficient and effective mean of evaluating the presence of coronavirus PED antigen in field samples and indicates that this procedure is a very useful tool in epidemiological studies.

SOLUTION: Comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and RT-PCR for the detection of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus

PROBLEM: As the human lung is exposed to a variety of microbial pathogens in the environment, a first line of defense is built up by pulmonary cells like bronchial/ alveolar epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages. These cells express several pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognizing highly conserved microbial motifs and initiating the production of chemokines and pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines acting as transmembrane or intracellular receptors. This might not only lead to acute but also to chronic inflammation which is discussed as an underlying mechanism in the pathogenesis of different lung diseases.

SOLUTION:
Innate immunity in the human lung: pathogen recognition and lung disease