When Barbra Streisand discovered in 2003 that a photograph of her California beach house was among 12,000 photos on theInternetas part of a collection by photographer Kenneth Adelman, she did what any famous person would do:hit him with a $50 million lawsuit. But in trying to hold back the images, she caused a different outcome. Her legal actions led to almost half a million people visiting the website, viewing and copying the photos within a month. Ever since then, the effect of letting public know something you are trying to keep secret has been called the"Streisand effect". The problem for anyone trying to _ information is that the Internet is the world's biggest and most efficient copying machine. Put a document on to a connected machine and it will spread. So when you want to be famous, you can't, but if you find yourself in the spotlight and want to erase yourself, you cannot. There is no shortage of examples of the Streisand effect. Nine-year-old Martha Payne created a simple blog, posting the meals her school served. She took a photo of what was barely a filling meal by anyone's standards. With the photo, she filled a comment, "Now Dad understands why I am hungry when I get home." The thing did not go too far, until the local authority banned little Martha from doing that again. Martha posted a supposedly final post called "Goodbye", explaining everything. Once the media found this out, things went from bad to worse for the authority. Now the blog has more than 9.5 million page views. Martha has even expanded her blog by including pictures of school meals taken by other kids from all over the world, like Germany and Japan. We can find similar examples throughout history, to be frank. Man has experienced the Streisand effect ever since the birth of mass communication. Why does it exist? Every time you are told not to see what's in the secret shiny box wrapped in gift paper, you're going to do everything in your power todo exactly that! Just realizing that knowing something about someone is harmful to... What speeded up the spread of Martha's story? A) Parents' complaints. B) The authority's order. C) The photos of other kids. D) Supporting from the school.
B
Read our guide because ---trust us--- you don't want to be the one everyone's rolling their eyes at. GO RIGHT AHEAD: GOLDEN RULE: Home is pretty much the only place where you can safely blab about anything without having to consider the needs of the people around you. HANDLE WITH CARE in these places: Waiting rooms: People here tend to be feeling anxious about their news --- not yours. Shopping: Chatting while you're in line will slow down checkout and make other shoppers angry. GO RIGHT AHEAD: Make calls quickly and quietly, and be respectful of those forced to listen. DON'T DO IT in these places: Museums/libraries/churches: There are places we go for peace and quiet --- it's not proper to disturb others. Movies and plays: People pay to hear someone other than you perform. Elevators/ bathrooms/ beauty salons/ public transportation: No one around you can escape. Why force them to listen to your chitchat? Restaurants: People come here partly to get away from ringing phones and enjoy their conversations , so don't subject them to yours. GO RIGHT AHEAD: Put your phone on vibrate if you must get a call but always wait until you are outside before you start talking. While driving a car: It's rude to put other drivers in danger. So instead of going by the Golden Rules above, use a voice-activated phone --- and use it as little as possible. You are four times as likely to get into a car accident if you're on the phone while you're driving. Hang up already: How to politely ask that loud cell-take to speak softly: If you're in a place that has a manager, ask him or her to do _ . Otherwise, put on your sweetest smile, tap the offender on the shoulder, and try one of these carefully worded lines: "Would you please end your call? I can't hear what they're saying?" (Try this when you're watching movies and plays.) "Excuse me, but you're making it really hard for me to concentrate ." (Good for museums, libraries, and places of worship.) "Is it possible for you to speak a little more softly? I have a bad... The most proper place for you to chat freely on your cell phone is _ . A) in a bar B) in a cinema C) at home D) in a waiting room
C
(Question)
Babies understand what their mothers say, even when they speak a language their children have never heard before, scientists claim. The researchers found that one-year-olds reacted in exactly same way to their mothers' voices regardless of whether they were speaking English or Greek, showing what mothers have long known - that babies pick up on tone of voice rather than the words themselves. The researchers, from Cardiff University's School of Psychology, observed babies as they watched their mothers perform actions with toys using the English words "whoops" and "there". The scientists studied reactions from one-year-old babies to their mums' voices even when they were speaking both English and Greek, and keeping the same tone of voice. The academics found that babies reproduced the same reactions regardless of whether they knew the language. Study leader Dr Merideth Gattis of Cardiff University's School of Psychology says, "What this work showed was that children could have access to understanding simply through tone of voice. We did 'whoops' and 'there' in two languages and got exactly the same results." The research, published in the journal Cognitive Development, was conducted on 84 babies aged between 14 and 18 months, over the course of a year, with none of the babies having any previous exposure to Greek. Dr Gattis says that children respond to tone clues in their parents' voices from an early age. She says, "Tone of voice is a really useful signal of what someone is thinking. We never have direct access to other people's minds, except the signals in language that they give out." She says the study shows that it is less important what parents say than how they say it. Dr Gattis adds, "A child may ask if you like his / her drawing, for example. You might say yes, but if you don't sound enthusiastic, the meaning may not get across." Before children begin to speak, parents should use exaggerated tone when speaking to them. Which of the following is TRUE, according to the study? A) Tone of voice is the most useful sign of what someone is thinking. B) After children begin to speak, tone becomes unimportant. C) The babies acted the same way regardless of the language. D) The research was conducted on 48 babies.
(Answer)
C