Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Ex Input:
To determine if central sympathetic blockade by dexmedetomidine, a selective alpha(2) adrenergic receptor agonist, prevents cardiac dysfunction associated with intracranial hypertension (ICH) in a rat model.', 'Following intracisternal administration of dexmedetomidine (1 microg.microL(-1), 10 microL volume) or the stereoisomer levomedetomidine (1 microg.microL(-l), 10 microL volume) in halothane-anesthetized rats, a subdural balloon catheter was inflated for 60 sec to produce ICH. Intracranial pressure, hemodynamic, left ventricular (LV) pressures and electrocardiographic (ECG) changes were recorded. Plasma and myocardial catecholamines and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured.', 'After levomedetomidine administration, subdural balloon inflation precipitated an increase in mean arterial pressure (149 +/- 33% of baseline), heart rate (122 +/- 19% of baseline), LV systolic pressure (LVP), LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), LV developed pressure (LVDP), LV dP/dtmax and rate pressure product (RPP) (132 +/- 19%, 260 +/- 142%, 119 +/- 15%, 126 +/- 24% and 146 +/- 33% of baseline value, respectively). ICH decelerated LVP fall (tau), as tau increased from 7.75 +/- 1.1 to 14.37 +/- 4.5 msec. Moreover, plasma norepinephrine levels were elevated (169 +/- 50% of baseline) and there was the appearance of cardiac dysrhythmias and other ECG abnormalities. This response was transient and cardiac function deteriorated in a temporal manner. Intracisternal dexmedetomidine prevented the rise in plasma norepinephrine, blocked the ECG abnormalities, and preserved cardiac function. Moreover, dexmedetomidine attenuated the rise in MDA levels.

Ex Output:
Does central dexmedetomidine attenuate cardiac dysfunction in a rodent model of intracranial hypertension?

Ex Input:
The FAS/FASLG system has been proposed to play a key role in germ cell apoptosis. To elucidate the role of the genetic variants of cell death pathway genes in male infertility, we genotyped the polymorphisms of FAS, FASLG and caspase-8 (CASP8) genes and evaluated their effects on sperm apoptosis and semen quality in infertile men.', 'The genotypes of FAS, FASLG and CASP8 were determined in 620 infertile men. Sperm apoptosis rates were measured by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (Tdt)-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay, and the semen quality analysis was performed using computer assisted sperm analysis.', 'We found that polymorphisms of FAS-670A/G (rs1800682: A>G) and CASP8-652 6N ins/del (rs3834129: -/CTTACT) were associated with sperm apoptosis and semen quality. Individuals with FAS-670GG showed low apoptosis rate and decreased sperm concentration, compared with the FAS-670AA genotype. Similarly, in comparison with the CASP8-652 6N ins/ins genotype, the CASP8-652 6N (ins/del+del/del) genotypes also showed significantly decreased sperm apoptosis rate and poor sperm motility. Other polymorphisms investigated did not appear to affect sperm apoptosis and semen quality.

Ex Output:
Are polymorphisms in cell death pathway genes associated with altered sperm apoptosis and poor semen quality?

Ex Input:
Both in experimental colitis and in inflammatory bowel disease, colonic eicosanoid generation is enhanced and may contribute to the pathogenesis of the inflammatory response.', 'To evaluate the effect of selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors on the extent and severity of two models of experimental colitis.', 'Colitis was induced by intra-caecal administration of 2 ml 5% acetic acid or intra-colonic administration of 0.1 ml 3% iodoacetamide. Rats were treated intra-gastrically with nimesulide 2 x 10 mg/kg/day, or once with SC-236 6 mg/kg, and killed 1 or 3 days after damage induction. The colon was isolated, weighed, macroscopic damage was measured, and mucosal samples were obtained for histology and for determination of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activities and eicosanoid generation. The serum levels of thromboxane B2 (TXB2), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) were determined.', 'Nimesulide significantly decreased the extent of colitis induced by acetic acid. Both nimesulide and SC-236 significantly decreased the extent of iodoacetamide-induced colonic damage. The decrease in the extent of colitis induced by nimesulide was accompanied by a significant decrease in mucosal MPO and NOS activities. Nimesulide and SC-236 decreased the enhanced colonic eicosanoid generation in acetic acid and iodoacetamide-induced colitis, and, in iodoacetamide-treated rats, nimesulide also decreased the elevated serum TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels.

Ex Output:
Do cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors ameliorate the severity of experimental colitis in rats?