Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Input: Consider Input: Recent studies suggest that the inconsistent outcomes of patellofemoral pain (PFP) treatment may result from the unclear understanding of changes in the structures remote from the knee joint. Due to the crucial influence of core stability on the knee function, this study aimed to evaluate the recruitment pattern of core muscles in individuals with and without PFP.', 'Sixty women aged 18 to 40years, including 30 subjects diagnosed with PFP and 30 healthy controls rose on to their toes as quickly and strongly as possible in response to a sound alarm in standing position. Electromyographic onsets of the transversus abdominis (TrA)/internal oblique (IO), erector spinae (ES), and gluteus medius (GM) muscles were expressed relative to the electromyographic onset of the prime mover (i.e. soleus). Independent t-tests were performed to compare the onsets of each muscle between the groups. The nonparametric Friedman test and the post-hoc of Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to describe the muscle activation pattern within the groups.', 'The results revealed different recruitment patterns of the core muscles between the groups. In the healthy group the GM and TrA/IO contracted, almost simultaneously, in anticipation of the prime mover contraction (sol). However, in PFP subjects a significant delay in the contraction of TrA/IO changed the pattern of muscle activation.

Output: 0

Input: Consider Input: We hypothesized that preconditioning (PC) with a short exposure to isoflurane (ISO) would reduce neurodegeneration induced by prolonged exposure to ISO in neonatal rats, as previously shown in neuronal cell culture.', 'We randomly divided 7-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats into 3 groups: control, 1.5% ISO, and PC + 1.5% ISO. The control group was exposed to carrier gas (30% oxygen balanced in nitrogen) for 30 minutes and then to carrier gas again for 6 hours the following day. The 1.5% ISO group was exposed to carrier gas for 30 minutes and then to 1.5% ISO for 6 hours the following day. The PC + 1.5% ISO group was preconditioned with a 30-minute 1.5% ISO exposure and then exposed to 1.5% ISO for 6 hours the following day. Blood and brain samples were collected 2 hours after the exposures for determination of neurodegenerative biomarkers, including caspase-3, S100, caspase-12, and an autophagy biomarker Beclin-1.', 'Prolonged exposure to ISO significantly increased cleaved caspase-3 expression in the cerebral cortex of 7-day-old rats compared with the group preconditioned with ISO and the controls using Western blot assays. However, significant differences were not detected for other markers of neuronal injury.

Output: 0

Input: Consider Input: To investigate the incidence of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery and its association with mortality in a patient population receiving ibuprofen and gentamicin perioperatively.', 'Retrospective study with Cox regression analysis to control for possible preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative confounders.', 'University hospital-based single-center study.', 'All patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting valve surgery during 2012.', 'None.', 'Acute surgery within 24 hours of coronary angiography, previous nephrectomy, preoperative sCr >2.26 mg/dL and selective cerebral perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass were used as exclusion criteria. Acute kidney injury was defined, using the Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) criteria. Six hundred eight patients were included in the study. Mean age was 68.2 9.7 years, and 81% were males. Acute kidney injury was seen in 28.1% of the patients. Overall mortality at one year was 7% and 3% in the no-AKI group. At one year, mortality was 15% in patients with AKIN stage 1 and AKIN stage 2 compared to 70% in AKIN stage 3. A hazard ratio of 2.34 (95% CI: 1.21-4.51, p = 0.011) and 5.62 (95% CI: 2.42-13.06), p<0.0001) were found for AKIN stage 1 and 2/3 combined, respectively.
Output: 1