Information: - BorgWarner Inc. is an American worldwide automotive industry components and parts supplier. It is primarily known for its powertrain products, which include manual and automatic transmissions and transmission components, such as electro-hydraulic control components, transmission control units, friction materials, and one-way clutches, turbochargers, engine valve timing system components, along with four-wheel drive system components. - The automotive industry is a wide range of companies and organizations involved in the design, development, manufacturing, marketing, and selling of motor vehicles, some of them are called automakers. It is one of the world's most important economic sectors by revenue. The automotive industry does not include industries dedicated to the maintenance of automobiles following delivery to the end-user, such as automobile repair shops and motor fuel filling stations. - A turbocharger, or colloquially turbo, is a turbine-driven forced induction device that increases an internal combustion engine's efficiency and power output by forcing extra air into the combustion chamber. This improvement over a naturally aspirated engine's power output is due to the fact that the compressor can force more airand proportionately more fuelinto the combustion chamber than atmospheric pressure (and for that matter, ram air intakes) alone. - Four-wheel drive, 44 ("four by four"), and 4WD, is a form of drivetrain capable of providing power to all wheel ends of a two-axled vehicle simultaneously. It may be full-time, or on-demand, and is typically linked via a transfer case which provides an additional output drive-shaft, along with additional gear ranges. - In a motor vehicle, the term powertrain or powerplant describes the main components that generate power and deliver it to the road surface, water, or air. This includes the engine, transmission, drive shafts, differentials, and the final drive (drive wheels, continuous track as in military tanks or caterpillar tractors, propeller, etc.). More recently in hybrid Powertrains the battery, the electric motor and the control algorithm are also seen as elements of the Powertrain. Sometimes "powertrain" is used to refer to simply the engine and transmission, including the other components only if they are integral to the transmission. - An automatic transmission, also called auto, self-shifting transmission, "n"-speed automatic (where "n" is its number of forward gear ratios), or AT, is a type of motor vehicle transmission that can automatically change gear ratios as the vehicle moves, freeing the driver from having to shift gears manually. Like other transmission systems on vehicles, it allows an internal combustion engine, best suited to run at a relatively high rotational speed, to provide a range of speed and torque outputs necessary for vehicular travel. The number of forward gear ratios is often expressed for manual transmissions as well (e.g., 6-speed manual). - A transmission control unit or TCU is a device that controls modern electronic automatic transmissions. A TCU generally uses sensors from the vehicle as well as data provided by the engine control unit (ECU) to calculate how and when to change gears in the vehicle for optimum performance, fuel economy and shift quality. - A clutch is a mechanical device that engages and disengages the power, transmission, especially from driving shaft to driven shaft. - A Toploader transmission is a manually shifted three and four speed gearbox introduced in 1963 by the Ford Motor Company to replace the BorgWarner T - 10 . It was used in most Fords and Mercurys from 1964 until 1973 as well as some foreign models . Officially designated the 3.03 three speed or Ford design four speed . The 3.03 is the centerline distance between counter shaft and mainshaft . The Toploader got its name from the fact that the access plate to the inner workings was located on the top of the main case as opposed to the side , a convention used on most gearboxes such as the Ford Dagenham or GM 's Saginaw or Muncie . This feature increased the rigidity of the case significantly . Distinguishing the three speed from the four is as simple as counting the fasteners on the top plate . The four speed has ten ; the three , nine . Both the three and four speed top loader gearboxes were designed to function in constant mesh , due to synchronizer sleeves being used instead of sliding gears , and be fully synchronized , with the exception of reverse . Forward gears are helical - type while reverse gear including the exterior of the first and second synchronizers sleeve are spur - type gears . This transmission is also known as the Tremec T - 170 , HEH , or RUG depending on the year ( s ) of production . At some point in the early 70 's production was moved to Mexico and the name was changed to Tremec . What object entity has the relation of 'subclass of' with the subject 'ford toploader transmission'? Choices: - algorithm - automobile - automotive industry - battery - case - clutch - combustion engine - continuous track - delivery - demand - design - device - economy - final - forced induction - forward - hybrid - industry - internal combustion engine - manufacturing - matter - military - motor fuel - number - power - pressure - road - speed - system - term - time - transmission - turbine - type - valve - vehicle - wheel - world
automobile
*Question*
Information: - A parasitic disease, also known as parasitosis, is an infectious disease caused or transmitted by a parasite. Many parasites do not cause diseases. Parasitic diseases can affect practically all living organisms, including plants and mammals. The study of parasitic diseases is called parasitology. - Giardiasis ( popularly known as beaver fever ) is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by the flagellate protozoan Giardia lamblia ( also sometimes called Giardia intestinalis and Giardia duodenalis ) . The giardia organism inhabits the digestive tract of a wide variety of domestic and wild animal species , as well as humans . It is one of the most common pathogenic parasitic infections in humans worldwide ; in 2013 , there were about 280 million people worldwide with symptomatic giardiasis . - Giardia lamblia, also known as Giardia intestinalis, is a flagellated parasite that colonizes and reproduces in the small intestine, causing giardiasis. The parasite attaches to the epithelium by a ventral adhesive disc, and reproduces via binary fission. Giardiasis does not spread via the bloodstream, nor does it spread to other parts of the gastrointestinal tract, but remains confined to the lumen of the small intestine. "Giardia" trophozoites absorb their nutrients from the lumen of the small intestine, and are anaerobes. If the organism is split and stained, its characteristic pattern resembles the familiar "smiley face" symbol. Chief pathways of human infection include ingestion of untreated sewage, a phenomenon particularly common in many developing countries; contamination of natural waters also occurs in watersheds where intensive grazing occurs. - Parasitology is the study of parasites, their hosts, and the relationship between them. As a biological discipline, the scope of parasitology is not determined by the organism or environment in question, but by their way of life. This means it forms a synthesis of other disciplines, and draws on techniques from fields such as cell biology, bioinformatics, biochemistry, molecular biology, immunology, genetics, evolution and ecology. What object entity has the relation of 'medical specialty' with the subject 'giardiasis'? Choices: - genetics - infection - infectious disease
**Answer**
infectious disease