Given an abstract of a paper, generate a title for this paper such that conveys the key focus of the paper.

Ex Input:
Abstract: The academic achievement scores of 122 children with epilepsy were examined in relation to demographic and clinical seizure variables. As a group, these children were making less academic progress than expected for their age and IQ level. Academic deficiencies were greatest in arithmetic, followed by spelling, reading, comprehension, and word recognition. Results of the multiple regression analyses indicated a modest combined predictive significance of the demographic and clinical seizure variables for academic performance. In addition, the magnitude of these relationships varied by academic area. Among the individual variables examined the strongest correlates of academic performance were age of the child, age of seizure onset, lifetime total seizure frequency, and presence of multiple seizures (absence and tonic-clonic). These results are discussed in relation to developing an understanding of the factors which underlie academic vulnerability in children with epilepsy.

Ex Output:
Academic achievement of children with epilepsy.

Ex Input:
Abstract: The effects of electrical stimulation of the vagi on gas transport mediated by high-frequency, low tidal volume ventilation (HFV) was examined in 10 anesthetized, paralyzed, propranolol-treated dogs. Gas transport efficiency was estimated by measuring the rate of CO2 removed from the lungs (Vco2) achieved during 45-s bursts of HFV applied before (control 1), during, and after (control 2) electrical stimulation of the transected vagi. During vagal stimulation the heart rate was maintained by electrical pacing. During the 15-s phase of vagal stimulation pulmonary impedance increased from 3.6 +/- 0.7 to 6.2 +/- 2.2 cmH2O X l-1 X s, and Vco2 increased. When the electrical stimulation of the vagi was stopped, impedance and Vco2 returned to prestimulation values. Vco2 was always higher during electrical stimulation of the vagi when HFV of a fixed volume was applied over a range of frequencies or when a fixed oscillation frequency was used over a range of tidal volumes. The effects of vagal stimulation on HFV-mediated gas transport were quite similar to the effects of moving the locations of the bias flow inlet and outlet into the lung such that tracheal volume was decreased by 20 ml, an amount equivalent to estimated change in control airway volume thought to occur during vagal stimulation. We simulated the effects of vagal stimulation and decreased tracheal volume on Vco2 by using a previously described model of HFV-mediated gas transport.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Ex Output:
CO2 elimination by high-frequency oscillation: effects of vagosympathetic stimulation.

Ex Input:
Abstract: Twenty-one patients with choanal atresia were treated from 1969 to 1985. Follow-up of 1 1/2 to 15 years postoperatively has been obtained in 17 patients. Thirteen patients had bilateral atresia and eight had unilateral atresia. All 13 patients with bilateral atresia were operated on within the first month of life. Eighteen patients were treated transnasally and two transpalatally. Ten of 15 patients treated by transnasal puncture and dilation followed by stenting of the choanae are patent after a single procedure. Five other patients, all of whom had other associated anomalies, required secondary dilations or transpalatal repair. Our results support the effectiveness of transnasal puncture and dilatation followed by stenting of the choanae as the initial surgical procedure of choice. It may be used safely in the neonate, and is often definitive.

Ex Output:
Choanal atresia: clinical features, surgical approach, and long-term follow-up.