Answer the following question given this paragraph: Group selection A proposed alternative to inclusive fitness (sometimes known as kin selection) is the concept of group selection. In this type of evolutionary scenario, small groups of organisms of the same species are effectively acting as single (perhaps colonial) organisms. It is the reproductive success of the group (rather than individuals within the group), compared to other groups of the organism that is the basis of selection. Groups that display cooperative and altruistic traits have a selective advantage over groups that do not. Again, the mathematical analysis is similar (and it has been claimed that mathematically group and kin selection are equivalent).169 The costs of a trait must be offset by the benefits, but now the key factor is membership in a particular group (and typically, members of a group tend to be related to one another). The life cycle of the bacterium Myxococcus xanthus provides an example of this type of behavior. When environmental conditions are harsh, the cells aggregate into dense, 100 m diameter, "fruiting bodies", each containing ~100,000 stress resistant spores. When the environment improves, and prey becomes available, the spores are released en mass and return to active life. They move and feed in a cooperative manner through the release of digestive enzymes, which because they are acting in a quorum mode, can reach high levels.170 A well-coordinated group is expected to have a significant reproductive advantage over more anarchic collection of individuals. Q: An alternative to inclusive fitness is group selection, a type of what scenario where small groups of organisms of the same species are effectively acting as single (perhaps colonial) organisms? Choices: - introductory - combination - molecular - evolutionary A:
evolutionary
(Question)
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Laura Guerin. Work is not done when a force is applied in a different direction than the direction of movement . CC BY-NC 3.0. Q: How much work is done when a force is applied in a different direction than the direction of movement? Choices: - full - minimum - half - none A:
(Answer)
none
Ques: Answer the following question given this paragraph: A: Acid rain dissolves and damages stone buildings and statues. The Figure below shows a statue that has been damaged by acid rain. Q: What type of rain dissolves and damages stone buildings and statues? Choices: - plastic rain - morning rain - stored rain - acid rain A:
Ans: acid rain
(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Although the idea that Earth is a magnet is centuries old, the discovery of why Earth is a magnet is a relatively new. In the early 1900s, scientists started using seismographic data to learn about Earth's inner structure. A seismograph detects and measure earthquake waves. Evidence from earthquakes showed that Earth has a solid inner core and a liquid outer core (see the Figure below ). The outer core consists of molten metals, mainly iron and nickel. Scientists think that Earth's magnetic field is generated by the movement of charged particles through these molten metals in the outer core. The particles move as Earth spins on its axis. The video at the URL below takes a closer look at how this occurs. Q: What device detects and measuresee earthquake waves? Choices: - stenograph - polygraph - sphygmomanometer - seismograph A:
(A).
seismograph
Ques:Answer the following question given this paragraph: The cell membrane also decides what may enter or leave a cell. The membrane is said to be semipermeable or selectively permeable, allowing only certain ions and organic molecules to cross the membrane. The plasma membrane contain many proteins, as well as other lipids called sterols. The proteins have various functions, such as channels (channel proteins) that allow certain molecules into the cell, and receptors (receptor proteins) that bind to signal molecules. In Figure above , the smaller (green) molecules shown between the phospholipids are cholesterol molecules. Cholesterol helps keep the plasma membrane firm and stable over a wide range of temperatures. At least ten different types of lipids are commonly found in plasma membranes. Each type of cell or organelle will have a different percentage of each lipid, protein and carbohydrate. Q: What decides what may enter or leave a cell? Choices: - nucleus - cell wall - golgi apparatus - cell membrane A:

Ans:cell membrane
Ques: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The third conservation law is conservation of angular momentum. This vector quantity is the product of rotational velocity and rotational inertia. In any closed system (including the universe) the quantity of angular momentum is fixed. Angular momentum can be transferred from one body to another, but cannot be lost or gained. If a system has its angular momentum changed from the outside it is caused by a torque. Torque is a force applied at a distance from the center of rotation. Q: Which of newton's laws states that the quantity of angular momentum in a closed system is fixed? Choices: - fourth conservation law - sixth conservation law - second conservation law - third conservation law A:
Ans:
third conservation law