Article: You can estimate the location of the center, or measure 6in (15cm) in from the edges of the board to find it. Press the tip of the nail into the center point, and hit the head of the nail with a hammer just enough to drive it into the wood by 0.25in (0.64cm). Using a wooden board is ideal because it will hold up better against the elements and stay put even if it gets windy. Avoid using paper, foam, or other flimsy materials to make a sundial. Measure the straw with a ruler or measuring tape, and then cut it with sharp scissors. Slide the straw onto the nail so that 1 end of the straw is pressing against the wood. Make sure that the straw you use is big enough to fit over the head of the nail. Take the board outside as close to sunrise as possible. Find a nice, flat spot on the ground where the sunlight will not be obstructed by trees, buildings, or other things. Keep in mind that the shadows will change throughout the day, so be sure that the board will not be obstructed by a shadow at any time of the day. For example, you could place the sundial on a flat patch of lawn in your backyard. Push a thumb tack into the location on the board where the straw's shadow ends. Then, write the hour next to this thumb tack. Use a permanent marker or pen to write the hour. Repeat this for every hour of the day. For example, if it is 7:00 am, then write this next to the thumb tack. Then, come back an hour later, and mark the location of 8:00 am on the board. Continue until the sun sets and there is no longer a shadow to track. Keep in mind that the straw's shadow will only be visible around half of the board and the length of the shadows will vary as the day goes on. Now that you have marked the sundial for each hour of the day, you can use it to tell time while you are outside. Keep in mind that this will only work during the day and it works best when there are no or few clouds. Also, be aware that the sundial will gradually become less accurate since the amount of daylight changes over time. Plan to make a new sundial about once every 3 months. Don't move the sundial! It needs to stay in the same location to be accurate.
Question: What is a summary of what this article is about?
Hammer a 3in (7.6cm) nail 0.25in (0.64cm) into a 12 by 12in (30 by 30cm) board. Cut a plastic straw 6in (15cm) long and slip it over the nail. Place the board on a bright, level space at the start of a morning hour. Mark the straw's shadow and the hour on the board. Leave your sundial in the same location and visit it to check the time.

Problem: Article: Several obvious reasons cause soil compression, such as heavy machinery and foot traffic. Less obvious reasons include over-tilling the soil, leaving the soil bare to the rain, or working with wet soil. Knowing the reason for compaction helps you take precautions to limit it now and avoid it again in the future. Shift livestock, machinery, vehicle, and foot traffic away from the compacted area. Provide alternative routes and block off the area with barriers such as signs and fences. Do this long enough to give the area a rest and consider protecting the area permanently by keeping paths, roads, or stock runs to restrict traffic to one area. Try to designate already degraded soil for paths and household construction to limit the spread of compaction. If you use the compacted area for farming or gardening, move your plants somewhere else for at least one growing cycle. Instead, try substituting a cover crop at the end of the season, such as winter wheat or ryegrass. The roots break up the soil, and then next season you can mow and turn it in the soil with a spade or tiller to further aerate. A light, non-machine compaction can often be cured by letting the soil freeze and thaw through one growing cycle. Tillage radishes can help with severe compaction with their large roots, which work deep into the soil and leave space after they decay.
Summary: Discover the cause of compaction. Reroute traffic. Reduce cultivation.

INPUT ARTICLE: Article: If you notice that your cat no longer wakes up and runs away when you vacuum around her, then there is a chance that she may be deaf, particularly if she always used to run away from the vacuum (or other loud gadgets). Make a noise outside of your cat's visual field (so she cannot see you). One option is to bang two pan lids together. Another option is to shake the box of cat treats that your cat loves. The most important part is to stand somewhere your cat cannot see you. You should also avoid standing in a position where the noise you make (such as banging to pots together) does not cause a breeze to rush over your cat. If your cat turns her hear to look towards where the noise came from, or reacts in some other ways (such as becoming startled), then you will know that your cat is not completely deaf. However, you should still take your cat to a vet, as this test cannot tell you if your cat is partially deaf, or if she is deaf in one ear.

SUMMARY: Take note if your cat is less easily startled. Place your cat in a quiet room away from any distraction in order to test her hearing. Watch to see what happens.

Some soreness after an injection is normal, but it also sometimes be a sign of infection or allergic reaction. Monitor the skin after injection for any signs of a serious reaction. Mild reactions are very common and come in the form of a lump or swelling around the site of the injection. This may last a few hours, but might also stay for up to a week. If you notice hives, rashes, or swelling that occurs anywhere outside the injection location, such as the head or shoulder blades, seek medical care. This is a sign of a severe reaction and requires medical care. Reactions to injections, especially vaccinations, are very common. For the most part, the benefits outweigh the risks involved. However, your dog may exhibit a number of mild symptoms that should go away within a week. Fatigue and a low grade fever are common reactions to an injection. Your dog might be lethargic and have a low appetite during the days following an injection. Your dog might also be sore in the area surrounding the injection. Be careful handling him after his shots, especially if you have any contact with his shoulder blades. Severe allergic reactions are rare, but can occasionally occur. If a severe allergic reaction does occur, it will usually be within 20 - 30 minutes of giving the injection and the most common sign is collapse. If your dog exhibits any of the following symptoms, seek immediate medical care: Vomiting Diarrhea Lameness Collapse Seizure
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One-sentence summary --
Watch for skin reactions. Understand reactions are common. Know when you need immediate veterinary care.