input: Make use of the article to answer the questions. CHAPTER XVIII. THE ZENITH

Andrea Doria did not remain to make formal surrender of the citadel of Sinigaglia to the duke--for which purpose, be it borne in mind, had Cesare been invited, indirectly, to come to Sinigaglia. He fled during the night that saw Vitelli and Oliverotto writhing their last in the strangler's hands. And his flight adds colour to the versions of the affair that were afforded the world by Cesare and his father. Andrea Doria, waiting to surrender his trust, had nothing to fear from the duke, no reason to do anything but remain. Andrea Doria, intriguing against the duke's life with the condottieri, finding them seized by the duke, and inferring that all was discovered, had every reason to fly.

The citadel made surrender on that New Year's morning, when Cesare summoned it to do so, whilst the troops of the Orsini and Vitelli lodged in the castles of the territory, being taken unawares, were speedily disposed of. So, there being nothing more left to do in Sinigaglia, Cesare once more marshalled his men and set out for Citta di Castello--the tyranny of the Vitelli, which he found undefended and of which he took possession in the name of the Church. Thence he rushed on towards Perugia, for he had word that Guidobaldo of Urbino, Fabio Orsini, Annibale and Venanzio Varano, and Vitelli's nephew were assembled there under the wing of Gianpaolo Baglioni, who, with a considerable condotta at his back, was making big talk of resisting the Duke of Romagna and Valentinois. In this, Gianpaolo persevered most bravely until he had news that the duke was as near as Gualdo, when precipitately he fled--leaving his guests to shift for themselves. He had remembered, perhaps, at the last moment how narrow an escape he had had of it at Sinigaglia, and he repaired to Siena to join Pandolfo Petrucci, who had been equally fortunate in that connection. 1. Why was Cesare invited?
numbered_answers: 1. to take the citadel

input: Make use of the article to answer the questions. The Chinese tradition of giving gifts of money in red envelopes at Lunar New Year has turned into big business for Web giants Alibaba and Tencent, which now both offer electronic "hong bao". At the end of each lunar year, it is common in China to give children hong bao -- some money in envelopes that are red, the colour of success. But now theold also take part in this activity. It is now possible to exchange "red envelopes" with smartphone, which is popular in China and has caused a battle for the _ market between the two companies providing the service, Tencent and Alibaba. "You don't have to pay the same cost or wait as long as you would for a traditional bank transfer . It's more convenient, simple and fun," Wang Le, a 28-year-old Beijinger, told AFP. " With electronic red envelopes, you're not limited by your identity or the time of year. It's a new, fresh way of playing the game." The idea was introduced in 2014 by WeChat, a mobile messaging system with over 400 million users and run[:**]by Tencent, China's largest Internet service system. It was successful at once. This year, Alipay Wallet , the payment system run by Alibaba, is ready to take on the competition. It is allowing its 190 million users to send digital gifts, especially on the Twitter-like Sina Weibo. For the past few weeks a digital battle has been terrible, with Tencent banning Alipay from sending red envelopes on WeChat, saying they were at a risk. Recently, WeChat also blocked Alibaba's music app Xiami. To attract the public's attention, the two companies have launched lotteries through which they award red envelopes to users in an online game. It's easy to send and receive hong bao or take part in the lotteries: you simply need to register your bank details. According to market research group iResearch, Alipay controls 82.6 percent of the Chinese mobile phone payment market, compared to 10 percent for Tencent's Tenpay. 1. How old is Wang Le?
2. What is WeChat?
3. How many people use it?
4. Who runs it?
5. Where are they located?
6. They are China's largest what?
7. What color envelopes are money given in?
8. Is this a Japanese tradition?
9. What then?
10. When are these gifts given?
11. What companies are making money off of this tradition?
12. Red symbolizes what?
13. What payment system is run by Alibaba?
14. How many users does it allow to send gifts?
15. What is Alibaba's music app?
16. What did WeChat do to it?
17. Was this a long time ago?
18. What does Alipay control 82.6 percent of?
19. What percent does Tenpay account for?
20. What company is Tenpay associated with?
numbered_answers: 1. 28
2. a moblie messaging system
3. 400 million
4. Tencent
5. China
6. internet service system
7. red
8. no
9. it is a Chinese tradtion
10. lunar new year
11. Alibaba and Tencent
12. success
13. Alipay
14. 190 million
15. Xiami
16. blocked it
17. no
18. the Chinese mobile phone payment market
19. 10
20. Tencent

input: Make use of the article to answer the questions. In law and government, de jure (; , "in law") describes practices that are legally recognized by official laws. In contrast, ("in fact" or "in practice") describes situations that are generally known to exist in reality, even if not legally authorized. The terms are often used to contrast different scenarios, for example, "I know that, de jure, this is supposed to be a parking lot, but now that the flood has left four feet of water here, it's a de facto swimming pool".

It is possible to have multiple simultaneous conflicting ("de jure") legalities, possibly none of which is in force ("de facto"). After seizing power in 1526, Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi made his brother, Umar Din, the lawful ("de jure") Sultan of Adal. Ahmad, however, was in practice ("de facto") the actual Sultan, and his brother was a figurehead. Between 1805 and 1914, the ruling dynasty of Egypt ruled as "de jure" viceroys of the Ottoman Empire, but acted as "de facto" independent rulers who maintained a polite fiction of Ottoman suzerainty. However, from about 1882, the rulers had only "de jure" rule over Egypt, as it had by then become a British puppet state. Thus, Egypt was by Ottoman law "de jure" a province of the Ottoman Empire, but "de facto" was part of the British Empire. 1. What is the topic of conversation?
2. Is there a specific practice?
3. Who was Adal's Sultan?
4. Who was in practice?
5. When did Egypt rule?
6. What law did they fall under?
7. What is de jure and de facto used to contrast?
8. What relationship did Egypt have with Britain?
9. And what was it referred to around 1882?
10. Can you have more than one conflict at once?
numbered_answers:
1. Different kinds of laws
2. de jure
3. Umar Din
4. Ahmad,
5. Between 1805 and 1914
6. de jure
7. situations
8. de facto
9. a British puppet state
10. yes