Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

[EX Q]: Neurotensin-1 (NT1) receptor agonists have been proposed as putative antipsychotic drugs. Recently, brain-penetrating NT analogs produced by stability-enhancing modification of the smallest NT fragment, NT(8-13), have demonstrated antipsychotic-like efficacy after acute systemic injection in several preclinical animal tests predictive for antipsychotic efficacy. However, the evidence regarding the persistence versus tolerance of these effects after repeated administration is ambiguous. Previous studies have used compounds that nonselectively activated both NT1 and NT2 receptors or used continuous slow, central infusion of doses rather than daily acute administration, both factors which may have contributed to the ambiguity in the literature regarding the emergence of tolerance.', 'To determine if tolerance develops to the antipsychotic-like effects of NT1 receptor agonists, we investigated the effects of subchronic daily systemic administration of PD149163, a brain-penetrating NT analog with selectivity for the NT1 receptor, on amphetamine-induced locomotor activation, a classic preclinical test of antipsychotic efficacy.', 'Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with eight consecutive daily subcutaneous (SC) injections of PD149163 or saline. On the ninth day, rats received a pair of SC injections consisting of PD149163 or saline, followed by amphetamine (0.5 mg/kg) or saline. Locomotor activity was then measured in photobeam-equipped cages.', "The results indicated that repeated daily administration of PD149163 was able to antagonize amphetamine's locomotor-activating effect comparable to that of the first dose, despite that repeated administration of PD149163 produced an increase in baseline locomotor activity not seen after the first dose.
[EX A]: Does the reversal of amphetamine-induced locomotor activation by a selective neurotensin-1 receptor agonist exhibit tolerance?

[EX Q]: Bariatric surgery not only elicits weight loss but also rapidly resolves diabetes. However, the mechanisms remain unclear. The present study investigates how diabetes and liver steatosis are improved after duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) compared with a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog and correlations between bile acids and GLP-1 secretion.', 'We initially determined the effects of bile acids on GLP-1 in vitro and then assigned 12 male 16-week-old Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats to groups that underwent DJB, a sham operation, or were treated with the GLP-1 receptor agonist, liraglutide (n=4 each). Blood glucose, insulin, GLP-1, serum bile acids, liver steatosis, and the number of GLP-1 positive cells (L cells) in the small intestine and colon were investigated in the three groups at eight weeks postoperatively.', 'Levels of GLP-1mRNA were upregulated and GLP-1 secretion increased in cells incubated with bile acids in vitro. Weight gain was suppressed more in the DJB than in the sham group in vivo. Diabetes was more improved and GLP-1 levels were significantly higher in the DJB than in the sham group. Serum bile acids were significantly increased, the number of L cells in the ileum was upregulated compared with the sham group, and liver steatosis was significantly improved in the DJB compared with the other two groups.
[EX A]: Does duodenal-jejunal bypass improve diabetes and liver steatosis via enhanced glucagon-like peptide-1 elicited by bile acids?

[EX Q]: To correlate the initial and maximal lactate levels with the occurrence of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and survival in patients treated with extracorporeal life support (ECLS).', 'Retrospective chart review.', 'Pediatric intensive care unit.', 'Eighty-two neonatal patients placed on ECLS for respiratory failure due to sepsis, meconium aspiration, or persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.', 'The initial lactate level measured within 6 hours of initiating ECLS and the maximal lactate level measured throughout the ECLS course were collected. Lactate levels were described as mean lactate +/- SE (mM). Head ultrasound reports and survival were reviewed. Platelet counts and activated clotting times (ACTs) were examined.', 'The mean initial and maximal lactate levels were higher in ECLS patients who developed ICH (initial: 10 +/- 1.7 mM vs 6.4 +/- 0.8 mM, p = .05 and maximal: 12.4 +/- 2.5 mM vs 7.9 +/- 0.8 mM, p = .04). Initial and maximal lactate levels were also elevated in nonsurvivors (initial: 11.7 +/- 3 mM vs 6.4 +/- 0.7 mM, p = .01 and maximal: 14.8 +/- 3.3 mM vs 7.8 +/- 0.8 mM, P < .01). Platelet counts and ACT did not differ in patients with and without ICH.
[EX A]:
Does elevated serum lactate correlate with intracranial hemorrhage in neonates treated with extracorporeal life support?