Summarize the following:
Studies show that brushing can prevent gingivitis. Effective brushing should not only reach in between teeth to remove plaque, but also massage the gums to stimulate micro-circulation in that area. The best technique for brushing your teeth is the modified Bass Method. Orient your brush in such a way that its head is tilted at a 45-degree angle towards the gum line. This allows the bristles to clean 1 mm below the gum line. Use small, vibratory, circular strokes to remove plaque. After about 20 strokes, do a sweeping motion towards the biting surface of your teeth. For the biting surfaces, do a back and forth brushing stroke. Repeat these steps for all of your teeth. Flossing helps to remove plaque along the margins of your gums. This saves the gums from getting irritated by bacteria present in plaque. Floss first, since flossing brings the plaque stuck between the teeth out, and then you brush it away. Get an elbow length piece of dental floss and wrap each end around your middle fingers. Leave at least an inch of floss between your fingers to work with. With the help of your index finger, gently slide the floss in between your teeth, starting at the back. Allow the floss to hug the surface of your tooth and gently slide down to the gum line. Then, drag the floss against the surface of your tooth. Do not force the floss in between your teeth as this could damage your gums and cause bleeding. Repeat the same steps between all of your teeth. Dissolve 9 teaspoons of salt in three cups of warm water. Rinse for 30 seconds, then spit out. Do this twice a day. Rinsing with salt water is an effective way to reduce the bacteria in your mouth. The bacteria present in plaque causes irritation of your gums. Salt rinses create a diffusion gradient inside the mouth. This means that it causes the bacteria to become dehydrated and die. Those that smoke are more likely to get gum disease, as smoking is very hard on the gums and bone, causing bone loss, which subsequently is more difficult to keep clean. The habit can give you a variety of gum problems, including sensitive gums, bleeding gums, or painful sores on the gums.

summary: Brush your teeth at least twice a day. Floss before brushing. Use saline rinses. Quit smoking.

Summarize the following:
Like emotions, assumptions create blind spots in your thinking. Lawyers seek evidence to prove every factual statement, and assume nothing is true without proof. You may have had experience with a young child who asked "why?" after everything you said. Although that can get annoying, it's also part of thinking like a lawyer. Lawyers refer to why a law was made as its ''policy.'' The policy behind a law can be used to argue that new facts or circumstances should also fall under the law. For example, suppose that in 1935, the city council enacted a law prohibiting vehicles in the public park. The law was enacted primarily for safety concerns, after a small child was hit by a car. In 2014, the city council was asked to consider whether the 1935 statute prohibited drones. Are drones vehicles? Would prohibiting drones advance the law's policy? Why? If you're asking those questions (and recognizing arguments that can be made on both sides), you're thinking like a lawyer. Thinking like a lawyer also means not taking anything for granted. Understanding why something happened, or why a certain law was enacted, enables you to apply the same rationale to other fact patterns and reach a logical conclusion. Legal issues are seldom black and white. Life is too complex for legislators to account for every possibility when they write a law. Ambiguities allow for flexibility, so laws don't have to be rewritten every time a new scenario comes along. For example, the Constitution has been interpreted to relate to electronic surveillance, a technological advance the Framers couldn't have imagined. Much of thinking like a lawyer involves being comfortable with nuances and gray areas. However, just because those gray areas exist doesn't mean distinctions are meaningless.

summary: Break down assumptions. Ask why. Accept ambiguity.

Summarize the following:
Once you've finished cooking the soup, remove it from the heat and cover the stockpot with cling wrap or aluminum foil. Allow it to cool down at room temperature for about 10 to 20 minutes, then place it in the refrigerator. Leave it to chill for at least 6 to 8 hours, or until the fat floats to the top and completely hardens. Try to prepare your soup the night before so it has time to chill overnight. If you need to serve the soup right away, this technique won't be suitable. Try skimming the fat while you're cooking the soup or straining the broth instead.
summary: Chill the soup in the refrigerator overnight.