Answer the following question given this paragraph: Figure 3.19 A phospholipid is a molecule with two fatty acids and a modified phosphate group attached to a glycerol backbone. The phosphate may be modified by the addition of charged or polar chemical groups. Two chemical groups that may modify the phosphate, choline and serine, are shown here. Both choline and serine attach to the phosphate group at the position labeled R via the hydroxyl group indicated in green. Q: What is a molecule with two fatty acids and a modified phosphate group attached to a glycerol backbone? A:

OPTIONS:
- carbohydrate
- polymer
- amino acid
- phospholipid

Answer: phospholipid

Problem: OPTIONS:
- Ions
- caldrons
- aeons
- nephrons
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Each kidney has more than a million nephrons, which are the structural and functional units of the kidney. Each nephron is like a tiny filtering plant. Q: What are the structural and functional units of the kidney called? A:
Answer: nephrons

Problem:OPTIONS:
- membranes
- peptides
- neurons
- hormones

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Hormones, chemical messengers used to communicate between cells, are important in regulating digestion. Q: What are the chemical messengers used to communicate between cells? A:
****
A: hormones

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Some Eukarya are also single-celled, but many are multicellular. Some have a cell wall; others do not. However, the cells of all Eukarya have a nucleus and other organelles. Q: The cells of all eukarya have a what? A:
OPTIONS:
- chloroplast
- epidermis
- necrosis
- nucleus
nucleus

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Sublimation and Deposition Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublime at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes and a vivid purple vapor forms (Figure 10.27). The reverse of sublimation is called deposition, a process in which gaseous substances condense directly into the solid state, bypassing the liquid state. The formation of frost is an example of deposition. Q: What is the process by which some solids transition directly into gases? A:
OPTIONS:
- articulation
- vaporization
- amplification
- sublimation

Answer: sublimation

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Radiotherapy is effective against cancer because cancer cells reproduce rapidly and, consequently, are more sensitive to radiation. The central problem in radiotherapy is to make the dose for cancer cells as high as possible while limiting the dose for normal cells. The ratio of abnormal cells killed to normal cells killed is called the therapeutic ratio, and all radiotherapy techniques are designed to enhance this ratio. Radiation can be concentrated in cancerous tissue by a number of techniques. One of the most prevalent techniques for well-defined tumors is a geometric technique shown in Figure 32.13. A narrow beam of radiation is passed through the patient from a variety of directions with a common crossing point in the tumor. This concentrates the dose in the tumor while spreading it out over a large volume of normal tissue. The external radiation can be x-rays, 60 Co rays, or ionizing-particle beams produced by accelerators. Accelerator-produced beams of neutrons, -mesons , and heavy ions such as nitrogen nuclei have been employed, and these can be quite effective. These particles have larger QFs or RBEs and sometimes can be better localized, producing a greater therapeutic ratio. But accelerator radiotherapy is much more expensive and less frequently employed than other forms. Q: Radiotherapy is effective against cancer because cancer cells reproduce rapidly and, consequently, are more sensitive to this? A:
OPTIONS:
- UV light
- separation
- destruction
- radiation
output:
radiation