Come up with a question and reasoning that would justify [30] as the answer.
The question is: An alien invades Earth. It abducts 200 people. He returns 80% of the people abducted. After that he takes 10 people to another planet. He took the rest to his home planet. How many people did he take to his home planet?
Reasoning: He returned 200 * .8 = 160 people. So he had 200 - 160 = 40 people. He took 10 of those to another planet so he took 40 - 10 = 30 to his home planet.

Come up with a question and reasoning that would justify [45] as the answer.
The question is: For every black & white cookie that Elsa makes, she has to make the batter, bake the cookies for 15 minutes and then allow to cool. She then has to dip the cookies in white icing and allow the icing to harden for 30 minutes. Then she has to re-dip them in chocolate icing and allowed to harden for an additional 30 minutes. If it takes her 2 hours to make the cookies from start to finish, how long does it take to make the dough and cool the cookies before she can start dipping them?
Reasoning: It takes 15 minutes to bake, 30 minutes for the white icing to harden and 30 minutes for the chocolate icing to harden so it takes 15 + 30 + 30 = 75 minutes. Every hour has 60 minutes and it takes her 2 hours so it takes 60 * 2 = 120 minutes to make the cookies. It takes 120 minutes to make the cookies from start to finish and she spends 75 minutes baking and hardening icing so it takes her 120 - 75 = 45 minutes to make the batter and cool the cookies.

Come up with a question and reasoning that would justify [5] as the answer.
The question is: There are 30 different nuts in a bowl. If 5/6 of the nuts were eaten, how many nuts were left?
Reasoning: 30 x 5 / 6 = 25 nuts were eaten. Thus, 30 - 25 = 5 nuts were left.