Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Example Input: The risk of breast cancer in carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations is influenced by factors other than the genetic mutation itself. Modifying factors include a woman's reproductive history and family history of cancer. Risk factors are more likely to be present in women with breast cancer than in women without breast cancer, and therefore the risk of cancer in the two breasts should not be independent. It is not clear to what extent modifying factors influence the risk of a first primary or a contralateral breast cancer in BRCA carriers.", 'We conducted a matched case-control study of breast cancer among 3920 BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers. We asked whether a past history of breast cancer in the contralateral breast was a risk factor for breast cancer.', 'After adjustment for age, country of residence, and cancer treatment, a previous cancer of the right breast was found to be a significant risk factor for cancer of the left breast among BRCA1 or BRCA2 carriers (relative risk: 2.1; 95% confidence interval: 1.4 to 3.0; p < 0.0001).
Example Output: Is a prior diagnosis of breast cancer a risk factor for breast cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers?

Example Input: To investigate the significance of respiratory muscle weakness in chronic heart failure and its relation both to maximum oxygen consumption during cardiopulmonary exercise testing and to skeletal muscle (quadriceps) strength.', 'Seven healthy men aged 54.9 (SEM 4.3) years and 20 men with chronic heart failure aged 61.4 (1.6) years (P = 0.20) with radionuclide left ventricular ejection fraction of 25.4 (3.0)%.', 'Mouth pressures during maximum static inspiratory effort (PImax) at functional residual capacity (FRC) and residual volume (RV) were measured in all subjects and taken as indices of inspiratory muscle strength. Similarly, mouth pressures during maximum static expiratory effort (PEmax) at FRC and total lung capacity (TLC) were taken as indices of expiratory muscle strength. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed in all subjects. All controls and 15 heart failure patients also had their right quadriceps muscle strength measured.', 'There was respiratory muscle weakness in heart failure patients, with reduction of PImax at FRC (59.7) (6.3) v 85.6 (9.6) cm H2O, P = 0.045), PEmax at FRC (94.8 (6.2) v 134.6 (9.1) cm H2O, P = 0.004), and PEmax at TLC (121.7 (8.5) v 160.7 (13) cm H2O, P = 0.028). PImax at RV was also reduced but this did not reach statistical significance (77.3 (6.6) v 89.3 (13) cm H2O, P = 0.44). There was also significant weakness of the right quadriceps muscle (308.5 (22) v 446.2 (28) N, P = 0.001). PImax at both FRC and RV correlated with maximum oxygen consumption (r = 0.59, P = 0.006, and r = 0.45, P = 0.048 respectively) but not PEmax. There was, however, no significant correlation between PImax and right quadriceps strength.
Example Output: Is inspiratory muscle strength a determinant of maximum oxygen consumption in chronic heart failure?

Example Input: To examine whether hypercapnia in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants during the first 3 days of life is associated with severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH).', 'Retrospective cohort study of inborn VLBW infants between January 1999 and May 2004 with arterial access during the first 3 days of life. A multiple logistic regression analysis was used where IVH was dichotomized ((grades 0/1/2) = non-severe; (grades 3/4) = severe). Measures of hypercapnia were entered into the model to ascertain their association with severe IVH.', 'In total, 574 VLBW infants met entry criteria. Worst IVH grade was 0 in 400; 1: 54; 2: 42; 3: 47; and 4: 31 infants. The logistic regression model consisted of the following predictors of severe IVH: gestational age, gender, 1 min Apgar score (dichotomized into two groups: >3 vs < or =3), multifetal gestation, vasopressor use, and maximum PaCO(2).
Example Output:
Is hypercapnia during the first 3 days of life associated with severe intraventricular hemorrhage in very low birth weight infants?