Problem: Article: Most people with asthma will be more comfortable sitting and not standing or lying down. Keep the person upright to assist with lung expansion and ease of breathing. Let the person lean slightly forward onto you or a chair for support. Some asthmatics may sit in a "tripod" position by leaning forward with their hands on their knees to relieve pressure on their diaphragm. Asthma is exacerbated by anxiety but it is not triggered by anxiety. This means that during an attack the individual will respond more rapidly when he is calm. Anxiety releases cortisol in the body which constricts the bronchioles, the passages by which air passes through the nose and/or mouth to the air sacs of the lungs. It's important that you stay calm and reassuring as this can assist the person in maintaining calm. " Even if the person cannot verbally answer due to wheezing or coughing, he may nod or gesture towards his inhaler or an instruction card. Ask the person if he has a written asthma emergency action plan. Many individuals who are prepared for asthma attacks will carry a written emergency plan with them. If the person has one, take it out and help him follow the plan. Asthma is often exacerbated by specific triggers or allergens. Ask the individual if something in the immediate area might be triggering an attack and if the person communicates a response, try to remove the trigger or remove the person from the trigger if it is environmental (like pollen or weather-related). Animals Smoke Pollen High humidity or cold weather Do this to keep the person calm and reassure him that you are working with him, not against him. Women may keep their inhaler in their handbags and men in a pocket. Some asthmatics, especially children or the elderly, may have a clear plastic tube called a spacer that attaches to the inhaler. A spacer delivers the medicine into the mouth with less force, making it easier to inhale. Children and elderly people who suffer frequent asthma attacks may also carry nebulizers, which deliver asthma medication through a mouthpiece or mask. They are easy to use, because the patient breathes normally and are thus ideal for the young and old, but are somewhat bulkier than the MDIs and require electricity to work. If the person does not have an inhaler, call emergency medical services, especially if the asthmatic is young or elderly. People suffering from asthma attacks without inhalers are serious risk of asphyxiating. If the person has his head resting downward, temporarily lift his upper body back. If there is a spacer for the MDI, attach it to the inhaler after shaking. Remove the cap from the mouthpiece. Help the person tilt his head back if necessary. Have the asthmatic exhale as much as possible before using the inhaler. Allow the person to administer his own medication. Inhaler dosages must be appropriately timed, so allow the asthmatic control of this process. Help the person support the inhaler or spacer against his lips if necessary. Most asthmatics will pause for a minute or two between puffs. Monitor the asthmatic until paramedics arrive. Even if the asthmatic seems to get better after using their inhaler, it is best if a paramedic or healthcare professional can assess the person. If the person does not want to go to the hospital, he can make that decision after being informed of his health status. Continue to help the person with their inhaler if necessary; even if the asthma attack does not decrease in severity the medication will help keep it from worsening by relaxing the airways.
Summary: Help the individual find a comfortable position. Calmly ask "Do you have asthma? Remove all known triggers in the immediate area. Inform the person that you are looking for his inhaler. Prepare the person to receive medication from the inhaler. Call emergency services.

Problem: Article: Trace the shape of a beard or beard and mustache combination on a letter-size sheet of orange or brown construction paper. The length of the beard outline should span nearly the entire length of the paper, and the width of the beard should take up 2/3 to the full width of the paper. To get a more accurate perspective, hold the piece of paper up to your face and mark the distance from ear to ear. This is the width you will need for your paper beard. The length does not need to be quite as precise, though. Cut width-wise strips of orange construction paper, each with a width of roughly 1 inch (2.5 cm). Take each strip of orange paper and wrap it around a pencil or pen to create paper curls. Wrap the paper tightly as you work. If you wrap the paper too loose, the curls will not hold well. Apply a line of glue to the bottom of the beard. Press orange curls onto the glue, following the outline, until the entire bottom row is filled with bushy orange curls. Continue attaching the orange curls in this manner, working in rows from the bottom to the top of the beard base. When done, none of the base should be visible, and the entire thing should be covered with bushy orange curls. Make sure you allow time for the glue to dry. Punch holes near the top of the beard, one on each cheek end. Tie a long piece of yarn to one hole and another piece to the other hole. The pieces of yarn should be long enough so that you can wrap them around the back of your head and be tied together into a shoelace bow. Alternatively, buy a beard instead of making one. You can buy orange costume beard around St. Patrick's Day or around Halloween. If you want to buy one during any other time of the year, look in a costume store, party store, or online store.
Summary: Cut a beard shape out of construction paper. Cut two sheets of orange construction paper into strips. Make curls from the orange paper. Glue the orange curls to the beard. Attach yarn to the paper beard.

Problem: Article: These will guarantee that your dough has the right thickness. When your rolling pin pushes the dough down enough so that the pin is directly on top of the paint stirrers, you will know that your dough is 1/2" thick. This will keep it from adhering to the dough as you cut out your cookies. Cut out as many shapes as you can from the dough, dipping the cutter in flour as needed to prevent sticking. You can always use the paint stirrers as a guide.
Summary:
Sprinkle some flour on your work surface, wax paper or cutting board. Unwrap your dough and place it on the floured work surface. Stack two paint stirrers on either side of the dough. Place your rolling pin on top of the dough and roll it out. Spread some additional flour onto a shallow plate. Dip your chosen cookie cutter into the flour. Press the cutter into the dough, starting at the top right corner of your dough. Remove the scrap dough from the cookies and roll it out a second time until it is 1/2" thick. Cut out additional shapes from the scrap dough. Reserve any remaining scrap dough because you may need it to patch up mistakes later.