Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Sporophytes sprout up on stalks from this bed of moss gametophytes. Notice that both the sporophytes and gametophytes exist at the same time. Q: What sprouts up on stalks from the bed of moss gametophytes? A:
OPTIONS:
- fibroblasts
- stomata
- monocots
- sporophytes
Answer: sporophytes

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The existence of quarks was first proposed in the 1960s. Since then, scientists have done experiments to show that quarks really do exist. In fact, they have identified six different types of quarks. However, much remains to be learned about these tiny, fundamental particles of matter. They are very difficult and expensive to study. If you want to learn more about them, including how they are studied, the URL below is a good place to start. Q: The existence of what tiny, fundamental particles of matter was first proposed in the 1960s? A:
OPTIONS:
- atoms
- molecules
- neutrons
- quarks
output: quarks

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Things Great and Small Nuclear Decay Helps Explain Earth's Hot Interior A puzzle created by radioactive dating of rocks is resolved by radioactive heating of Earth's interior. This intriguing story is another example of how small-scale physics can explain large-scale phenomena. Radioactive dating plays a role in determining the approximate age of the Earth. The oldest rocks on Earth solidified about 3.510 9 years agoa number determined by uranium-238 dating. These rocks could only have solidified once the surface of the Earth had cooled sufficiently. The temperature of the Earth at formation can be estimated based on gravitational potential energy of the assemblage of pieces being converted to thermal energy. Using heat transfer concepts discussed in Thermodynamics it is then possible to calculate how long it would take for the surface to cool to rock9 9 formation temperatures. The result is about 10 years. The first rocks formed have been solid for 3.510 years, so that 9 the age of the Earth is approximately 4.510 years. There is a large body of other types of evidence (both Earth-bound and solar system characteristics are used) that supports this age. The puzzle is that, given its age and initial temperature, the center of the Earth should be much cooler than it is today (see Figure 31.26). Q: What method plays a role in determining the approximate age of the earth and makes use of uranium? A:

OPTIONS:
- fuel dating
- carbon dating
- waste dating
- radioactive dating

A: radioactive dating

input: OPTIONS:
- cell death
- mutation
- symbosis
- cell division Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Cell division is how organisms grow and repair themselves. It is also how many organisms produce offspring. For many single-celled organisms, reproduction is a similar process. The parent cell simply divides to form two daughter cells that are identical to the parent. In many other organisms, two parents are involved, and the offspring are not identical to the parents. In fact, each offspring is unique. Look at the family in Figure below . The children resemble their parents, but they are not identical to them. Instead, each has a unique combination of characteristics inherited from both parents. Q: How do organisms grow and repair themselves? A:
A:
output: cell division

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Chloride ions are important in neutralizing positive ion charges in the body. If chloride is lost, the body uses bicarbonate ions in place of the lost chloride ions. Thus, lost chloride results in an increased reabsorption of bicarbonate by the renal system. Q: Why does the body react to a loss of chloride ions? A:

OPTIONS:
- increased tricarbonate reabsorption
- decreased bicarbonate reabsorption
- decreased tricarbonate reabsorption
- increased bicarbonate reabsorption

Answer: increased bicarbonate reabsorption

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: 22.4 Gas Exchange The behavior of gases can be explained by the principles of Dalton's law and Henry's law, both of which describe aspects of gas exchange. Dalton's law states that each specific gas in a mixture of gases exerts force (its partial pressure) independently of the other gases in the mixture. Henry's law states that the amount of a specific gas that dissolves in a liquid is a function of its partial pressure. The greater the partial pressure of a gas, the more of that gas will dissolve in a liquid, as the gas moves toward equilibrium. Gas molecules move down a pressure gradient; in other words, gas moves from a region of high pressure to a region of low pressure. The partial pressure of oxygen is high in the alveoli and low in the blood of the pulmonary capillaries. As a result, oxygen diffuses across the respiratory membrane from the alveoli into the blood. In contrast, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide is high in the pulmonary capillaries and low in the alveoli. Therefore, carbon dioxide diffuses across the respiratory membrane from the blood into the alveoli. The amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide that diffuses across the respiratory membrane is similar. Ventilation is the process that moves air into and out of the alveoli, and perfusion affects the flow of blood in the capillaries. Both are important in gas exchange, as ventilation must be sufficient to create a high partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli. If ventilation is insufficient and the partial pressure of oxygen drops in the alveolar air, the capillary is constricted and blood flow is redirected to alveoli with sufficient ventilation. External respiration refers to gas exchange that occurs in the alveoli, whereas internal respiration refers to gas exchange that occurs in the tissue. Both are driven by partial pressure differences. Q: Dalton's law and henry's law both describe aspects of what type of exchange? A:

OPTIONS:
- energy
- electron
- liquid
- gas

A:
gas