Problem: Information: - Baldwin IV (1161 16 March 1185), called "the Leper", reigned as King of Jerusalem from 1174 until his death. He was the son of Amalric I of Jerusalem and his first wife, Agnes of Courtenay. - The King of Jerusalem was the supreme ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, the Crusader state founded by Christian princes in 1099 when the First Crusade took the city. - Agnes of Courtenay ( c. 1136 -- c. 1184 ) was the daughter of Joscelin II of Courtenay by his wife Beatrice ( widow of William , Lord of Saone ) , and the mother of king Baldwin IV of Jerusalem and queen Sibylla of Jerusalem . Given the paragraphs above, decide what entity has the relation 'spouse' with 'amalric i of jerusalem'.

A: agnes of courtenay

Problem: Information: - A loading gauge defines the maximum height and width for railway vehicles and their loads to ensure safe passage through bridges, tunnels and other structures. Classification systems vary between different countries and gauges may vary across a network, even if the track gauge remains constant. - Lines. Aomori Station is served by the following lines: - , abbreviated or "JNR", was the body which operated the national railway network of Japan from 1949 to 1987. - History. The area of Akita has been created from the ancient provinces of Dewa and Mutsu. - Lines. Akita Station is served by the following lines. - History. The aboriginal people once inhabited the area now known as Yamagata. Yamagata and Akita Prefecture were known as Dewa Province until the Meiji Restoration. - The standard gauge (also Stephenson gauge after George Stephenson, International gauge, or normal gauge) is a widely used railway track gauge. Approximately 55% of the lines in the world are this gauge. All high-speed rail lines (except those in Russia, Uzbekistan, and Finland) are standard gauge. The distance between the inside edges of the rails is defined to be (except in the United States, where it is still defined in Imperial and US customary units as ). It is also called the UIC gauge or UIC track gauge, the European gauge in the EU and Russia, or uniform gauge in Queensland, Australia. - History. Early period. Prior to the Asuka period, Dewa was inhabited by Ainu or Emishi tribes, and was effectively outside of the control of the Yamato dynasty. Abe no Hirafu conquered the native Emishi tribes at what are now the cities of Akita and Noshiro in 658 and established a fort on the Mogami River. In 708 AD was created within Echig Province. The area of Dewa District was roughly that of the modern Shnai area of Yamagata Prefecture, and was gradually extended to the north as the Japanese pushed back the indigenous people of northern Honsh. Dewa District was promoted to the status of a province in 712 AD, and gained Okitama and Mogami Districts, formerly part of Mutsu Province. - The Yamagata Shinkansen ( ) is a Mini-shinkansen route in Japan , operated by East Japan Railway Company ( JR East ) . It provides service between Tokyo and Shinj in Yamagata Prefecture over the tracks of the Tohoku Shinkansen and the u Main Line . The term Yamagata Shinkansen refers to the segment that connects Fukushima in Fukushima Prefecture and Shinj . Because the shinkansen trains share tracks with regular service trains , it is often referred to as a '' mini-shinkansen '' . - Concept. The mini-shinkansen concept was first developed in JNR days, but was not formally proposed until November 1987, following the formation of East Japan Railway Company (JR East). The concept involved regauging existing gauge lines to standard gauge and linking them to the shinkansen network to allow through-running. While the track gauge was widened, the loading gauge remained unchanged, requiring the construction of new shinkansen trains with a narrower cross-section. These would be capable of running at high speed (the E6 series trains have a maximum speed capability of 320km/h) on Shinkansen tracks, either on their own or coupled to full-sized sets, and run at conventional narrow-gauge speeds (around 130km/h) on the mini-shinkansen tracks. Speeds on converted lines would also be raised where possible. - The is a network of high-speed railway lines in Japan operated by five Japan Railways Group companies. Starting with the Tkaid Shinkansen in 1964, the network has expanded to currently consist of of lines with maximum speeds of , of Mini-shinkansen lines with a maximum speed of , and of spur lines with Shinkansen services. The network presently links most major cities on the islands of Honshu and Kyushu, and Hakodate on northern island of Hokkaido, with an extension to Sapporo under construction and scheduled to commence in March 2031. The nickname bullet train is sometimes used in English for these high-speed trains. - History. JR East was incorporated on 1 April 1987 after being spun off from the government-run Japanese National Railways (JNR). The spin-off was nominally "privatization", as the company was actually a wholly owned subsidiary of the government-owned JNR Settlement Corporation for several years, and was not completely sold to the public until 2002. - The is a railway line in Japan, operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East). It connects Fukushima Station through Akita Station to Aomori Station. Since the opening of the Yamagata Shinkansen on July 1, 1992, the FukushimaYamagata section (as well as the YamagataShinj section since 1999) is sometimes referred to as the Yamagata Line. The name of the line as a whole refers to the ancient provinces of Mutsu () and Dewa (), as it connects both ends of Mutsu by passing north-south through Dewa. Given the paragraphs above, decide what entity has the relation 'instance of' with 'railway line'.

A:
yamagata shinkansen