Question: Christopher Columbus ( ; 20 May 1506) was an Italian explorer, navigator, and colonizer. Born in the Republic of Genoa, under the auspices of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain he completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean. Those voyages and his efforts to establish settlements on the island of Hispaniola initiated the permanent European colonization of the New World.

At a time when European kingdoms were beginning to establish new trade routes and colonies, motivated by imperialism and economic competition, Columbus proposed to reach the East Indies (South and Southeast Asia) by sailing westward. This eventually received the support of the Spanish Crown, which saw a chance to enter the spice trade with Asia through this new route. During his first voyage in 1492, he reached the New World instead of arriving in Japan as he had intended, landing on an island in the Bahamas archipelago that he named San Salvador. Over the course of three more voyages, he visited the Greater and Lesser Antilles, as well as the Caribbean coast of Venezuela and Central America, claiming all of it for the Crown of Castile.

Columbus was not the first European explorer to reach the Americas, having been preceded by the Viking expedition led by Leif Erikson in the 11th century, but his voyages led to the first lasting European contact with the Americas, inaugurating a period of exploration, conquest, and colonization that lasted several centuries. These voyages thus had an enormous effect on the historical development of the modern Western world. He spearheaded the transatlantic slave trade and has been accused by several historians of initiating the genocide of the Hispaniola natives. Columbus himself saw his accomplishments primarily in the light of spreading the Christian religion. 1. Who led the Vikings?
2. When?
3. Who suggested to go to the East Indies?
4. When did he set off?
5. Where did he land?
6. Where did he want to land?
7. Where was he from?
8. What three things was he known for?
9. What is Columbus accused of by historians?
10. What was motivation for Spain to start these voyages?
11. How many voyages did he take in total?
12. In what ocean?
13. What trade did he help get more popular? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers: 1. Leif Erikson
2. 11th century
3. Columbus
4. 1492
5. an island
6. Japan
7. Republic of Genoa
8. explorer, navigator, and colonizer.
9. initiating the genocide of the Hispaniola natives
10. establish new trade routes and colonies
11. Four
12. Atlantic Ocean
13. transatlantic slave trade

Q: Jack is an 11-year-old boy. One day he was playing with a ball. The ball went into the street, and Jack ran for the ball. A car hit him. Jack's parents took him to the hospital. The doctors told them, "Jack's head is hurt. Maybe he will wake up very soon. Maybe he will never wake up." Every day Jack's parents went to see him and talked to him. But Jack never talked to them. He just slept. One day Jack's father said, "Wake up, Jack. Let's go home and play with Cody." Cody is Jack's dog. When Jack's father said "Cody", Jack moved his arm. Then Jack's parents had an idea. They told the nurse, "We want to bring Jack's dog to the hospital. Is it OK?" "A dog in the hospital?" the nurse said. "That's very unusual. But. yes, it's OK." The next day, Jack's parents brought Cody to the hospital. When they put the dog on Jack's bed, Jack opened his eyes. Jack's parents brought Cody to the hospital every day. Cody jumped on Jack's bed and touched Jack's arm. Jack said his first words, "Bad dog!" After seven weeks Jack was well. He left the hospital and went home with Cody.

1. hospital
2. He was hit by a car
3. in the street
4. to get a ball
5. They weren't sure
6. If he would wake up.
7. yes
8. every day
9. no
10. Cody
11. his dog
12. his father
13. if they could bring the dog
14. no
15. yes
16. on his bed
17. He opened his eyes
18. yes
19. on the bed
20. yes

Numbered questions:
1. Where did Jack spend most of this story?
2. Why was he there?
3. Where was he when the auto hit him?
4. Why did he go there?
5. were the MDs optimistic about his chances?
6. Not sure that he would do what?
7. did his mom and dad visit him?
8. how often?
9. did he know they were there at first?
10. what word finally made him respond?
11. who is that?
12. who said the word?
13. what did they ask the nurse?
14. did the nurse think that was normal?
15. were they allowed to bring the canine?
16. where did they put the dog?
17. did Jack respond?
18. Did the dog ever jump?
19. where?
20. did jack finally wake up fully?

input: Students at New Market Elementary School had a fitter lifestyle last week. About 50 students participated in a 30-minute workout after school on Friday in the school's gym. This was a Fit Fridays program introduced at the school by Families Plus, a non-profit group that provides programs to enrich the lives of families and children in Frederick County. The free program aims to encourage students from kindergarten through fifth grade to be physically active by having them participate in various age-appropriate activities designed to promote a love of exercise, according to Kim Ragan, head of the program. The program, which started at the school on Nov.9, 2012, has since become a hit, Ragan said. Emily Liston, 37, said the program allows students to focus on fitness as a priority in their lives. "There're so many things to stop them from being active," she said. "So, anything to keep them moving is good, especially in the winter months". Jennifer Mitchell, 40, whose daughter Alexandra, 7, participated in the Fit Fridays program, said that learning the importance of being active isn't the only thing students are learning from the new program. "It's a great opportunity for them to get some exercise and also to learn to get along and socialize, to learn teamwork," she said. "In school they have to do activities like this but they want to do it." Riley Glynn, 9, a fourth grader at the school, said his favorite part of the program is getting to spend more time with his friends. "It's fun to play with people," Riley said. "It's like physical education after school but it really helps you." "You learn how to make yourself stronger," said Megan Hummel, 7, a first grader. Ragan said she plans to expand the program to include other schools in the county, but she has been having trouble finding fitness instructors to participate. "As soon as I can get instructors to teach we'll expand," she said. 1. What was the name of the school mentioned?
2. Which county is this school in?
3. Approximately how many students participated?
4. Did these students pay to participate?
5. Who is the program head?
6. Since when has the program been in effect?
7. The program is said to be especially helpful to children during what season?
8. Aside from exercise, what does the program provide children with?
9. Does the program take place during school hours?
10. Riley Glen is how many years old? Return numbered answers in your output.

output:
1. New Market Elementary School
2. Frederick
3. 50
4. free
5. Kim Ragan
6. Nov.9, 2012
7. winter
8. teamwork
9. No
10. unknown