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The beard of an adult male turkey is longer than that of an immature male. Typically, immature male turkeys have beards measuring 6 inches (15 cm) or shorter. At the age of 2, most turkeys will have a beard between 9 and 10 inches (23 and 25 cm). Turkeys with beard beyond 10 inches (25 cm) are usually older than 3 years, but most beards do not exceed 11 inches (28 cm). The white striping that decorates the rest of each feather should extend all the way to the tip of the feather if the turkey is an adult male. Juvenile males have undecorated wing feather tips. The tip of an adult feather is usually rounded, too, but juvenile feathers are more pointed. For best results, spread the wing out until it is in a fully fanned position and check the outermost feather. The coloration and shape of the other wing feathers can change at different paces, so the outermost wing feather will give you the most accurate results. Fan out the tail feathers of the turkey or wait for it to do it naturally. The central tail feathers of an immature male are longer than the rest, but all tail feathers arch evenly on an adult male. Note that adult tail feathers are usually 12 to 15 inches (30.5 and 38 cm) long, while juvenile tail feathers are usually shorter. The exact length of juvenile tail feathers will vary depending on the exact age and overall growth of the bird, though. All juvenile turkeys have buff-tipped feathers on the lower third of the breast, regardless of their sex. Knowing that the turkey is a juvenile will allow you to use other factors to sex the bird. Note that juvenile breast feathers also tend to be more slender, and the tips are generally rounded. Adult breast feathers have squared tips. Both juvenile and adult male turkeys have leg spurs, but the spurs on a young male will look more like stubs since they are still developing. Immature males will have spurs that are less than 1/2 inch (1.25 cm) long. After the age of 2, adult males spurs can range between 1/2 and 1 inch (1.25 and 2.5 cm). Male turkeys over the age of 4 can have spurs measuring almost 2 inch (2.5 cm) or longer in very rare cases.
Measure the turkey's beard. Inspect the tips of the wing feathers. Check the spread of that tail feathers. Take a look at the breast feathers. Examine any spurs on the turkey's legs.