Answer the following question given this paragraph: Summary 12.1 Chemical Reaction Rates The rate of a reaction can be expressed either in terms of the decrease in the amount of a reactant or the increase in the amount of a product per unit time. Relations between different rate expressions for a given reaction are derived directly from the stoichiometric coefficients of the equation representing the reaction. 12.2 Factors Affecting Reaction Rates The rate of a chemical reaction is affected by several parameters. Reactions involving two phases proceed more rapidly when there is greater surface area contact. If temperature or reactant concentration is increased, the rate of a given reaction generally increases as well. A catalyst can increase the rate of a reaction by providing an alternative pathway that causes the activation energy of the reaction to decrease. 12.3 Rate Laws Rate laws provide a mathematical description of how changes in the amount of a substance affect the rate of a chemical reaction. Rate laws are determined experimentally and cannot be predicted by reaction stoichiometry. The order of reaction describes how much a change in the amount of each substance affects the overall rate, and the overall order of a reaction is the sum of the orders for each substance present in the reaction. Reaction orders are typically first order, second order, or zero order, but fractional and even negative orders are possible. 12.4 Integrated Rate Laws Differential rate laws can be determined by the method of initial rates or other methods. We measure values for the initial rates of a reaction at different concentrations of the reactants. From these measurements, we determine the order of the reaction in each reactant. Integrated rate laws are determined by integration of the corresponding differential. Q: The rate of a reaction can be expressed either in terms of the decrease in the amount of what or the increase in the amount of a product per unit time? Choices: - plasma - sulfate - isotope - reactant A:
reactant
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Sebaceous glands produce an oily substance called sebum . Sebum is secreted into hair follicles and makes its way to the skin surface. It waterproofs the hair and skin and helps prevent them from drying out. Sebum also has antibacterial properties, so it inhibits the growth of microorganisms on the skin. Q: Sebaceous glands produce an oily substance called what? Choices: - ear wax - pus - synovial fluid - sebum A:
sebum
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Gastrin, which signals the secretion of gastric acid. Q: What signals the secretion of gastric acid? Choices: - hormone - pepsin - leptin - gastrin A:
A: gastrin
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Name the process that produces many copies of a certain gene. Choices: - gene diversion - gene multiplication - gene addition - gene cloning A:
Answer: gene cloning
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Geneticist Many diseases arise from genetic mutations that prevent the synthesis of critical proteins. One such disease is Lowe disease (also called oculocerebrorenal syndrome, because it affects the eyes, brain, and kidneys). In Lowe disease, there is a deficiency in an enzyme localized to the Golgi apparatus. Children with Lowe disease are born with cataracts, typically develop kidney disease after the first year of life, and may have impaired mental abilities. Lowe disease is a genetic disease caused by a mutation on the X chromosome. The X chromosome is one of the two human sex chromosome, as these chromosomes determine a person's sex. Females possess two X chromosomes while males possess one X and one Y chromosome. In females, the genes on only one of the two X chromosomes are expressed. Therefore, females who carry the Lowe disease gene on one of their X chromosomes have a 50/50 chance of having the disease. However, males only have one X chromosome and the genes on this chromosome are always expressed. Therefore, males will always have Lowe disease if their X chromosome carries the Lowe disease gene. The location of the mutated gene, as well as the locations of many other mutations that cause genetic diseases, has now been identified. Through prenatal testing, a woman can find out if the fetus she is carrying may be afflicted with one of several genetic diseases. Geneticists analyze the results of prenatal genetic tests and may counsel pregnant women on available options. They may also conduct genetic research that leads to new drugs or foods, or perform DNA analyses that are used in forensic investigations. Q: Many diseases arise from genetic mutations that prevent the synthesis of critical what? Choices: - oils - acids - lipids - proteins A:
**Answer**
proteins
(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The tennis player in Figure below has really worked up a sweat. Do you know why we sweat? Sweating helps to keep us cool. When sweat evaporates from the skin, it uses up some of the body's heat energy. Sweating is one of the ways that the body maintains a stable internal environment. It helps keep the body's internal temperature constant. When the body's internal environment is stable, the condition is called homeostasis . Q: What is it called when body's internal environment is stable? Choices: - synchronicity - hypothesis - ketosis - homeostasis A:
(A).
homeostasis