Answer the following question given this paragraph: The organs of Corti contain hair cells, which are named for the hair-like stereocilia extending from the cell's apical surfaces (Figure 14.8). The stereocilia are an array of microvilli-like structures arranged from tallest to shortest. Protein fibers tether adjacent hairs together within each array, such that the array will bend in response to movements of the basilar membrane. The stereocilia extend up from the hair cells to the overlying tectorial membrane, which is attached medially to the organ of Corti. When the pressure waves from the scala move the basilar membrane, the tectorial membrane slides across the stereocilia. This bends the stereocilia either toward or away from the tallest member of each array. When the stereocilia bend toward the tallest member of their array, tension in the protein tethers opens ion channels in the hair cell membrane. This will depolarize the hair cell membrane, triggering nerve impulses that travel down the afferent nerve fibers attached to the hair cells. When the stereocilia bend toward the shortest member of their array, the tension on the tethers slackens and the ion channels close. When no sound is present, and the stereocilia are standing straight, a small amount of tension still exists on the tethers, keeping the membrane potential of the hair cell slightly depolarized. Q: When the pressure waves from the scala move the basilar membrane, the tectorial membrane slides across the what? Choices: - dendrites - keratin - cytoplasm - stereocilia A:
stereocilia
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: In an atom, what is determined by electron distribution in shells? Choices: - covalence - ionic bonds - electromagnetism - chemical behavior A:
chemical behavior
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Figure 45.39 The attachment of ducklings to their mother is an example of imprinting. (credit: modification of work by Mark Harkin). Q: What is the attachment of ducklings to their mother an example of? Choices: - impressionism - validating - magnetism - imprinting A:
A: imprinting
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS 18. Why is it beneficial for cells to use ATP rather than energy directly from the bonds of carbohydrates? What are the greatest drawbacks to harnessing energy directly from the bonds of several different compounds? 19. Nearly all organisms on earth carry out some form of glycolysis. How does that fact support or not support the assertion that glycolysis is one of the oldest metabolic pathways? 20. Red blood cells do not perform aerobic respiration, but they do perform glycolysis. Why do all cells need an energy source, and what would happen if glycolysis were blocked in a red blood cell? 21. What is the primary difference between a circular pathway and a linear pathway?. Q: Red blood cells do not perform aerobic respiration, but they do perform what process that is nearly universal to organisms? Choices: - digestion - reproduction - mitosis - glycolysis A:
Answer: glycolysis
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The frontal lobe is located at the front of the brain, over the eyes. This lobe contains the olfactory bulb, which processes smells. The frontal lobe also contains the motor cortex, which is important for planning and implementing movement. Areas within the motor cortex map to different muscle groups, and there is some organization to this map, as shown in Figure 35.22. For example, the neurons that control movement of the fingers are next to the neurons that control movement of the hand. Neurons in the frontal lobe also control cognitive functions like maintaining attention, speech, and decisionmaking. Studies of humans who have damaged their frontal lobes show that parts of this area are involved in personality, socialization, and assessing risk. Q: What is the bulb called in the frontal lobe that processes smells? Choices: - peripheral bulb - auditory bulb - sensory bulb - olfactory bulb A:
**Answer**
olfactory bulb
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Sensory Nerves The olfactory, optic, and vestibulocochlear nerves (cranial nerves I, II, and VIII) are dedicated to four of the special senses: smell, vision, equilibrium, and hearing, respectively. Taste sensation is relayed to the brain stem through fibers of the facial and glossopharyngeal nerves. The trigeminal nerve is a mixed nerve that carries the general somatic senses from the head, similar to those coming through spinal nerves from the rest of the body. Testing smell is straightforward, as common smells are presented to one nostril at a time. The patient should be able to recognize the smell of coffee or mint, indicating the proper functioning of the olfactory system. Loss of the sense of smell is called anosmia and can be lost following blunt trauma to the head or through aging. The short axons of the first cranial nerve regenerate on a regular basis. The neurons in the olfactory epithelium have a limited life span, and new cells grow to replace the ones that die off. The axons from these neurons grow back into the CNS by following the existing axonsrepresenting one of the few examples of such growth in the mature nervous system. If all of the fibers are sheared when the brain moves within the cranium, such as in a motor vehicle accident, then no axons can find their way back to the olfactory bulb to reestablish connections. If the nerve is not completely severed, the anosmia may be temporary as new neurons can eventually reconnect. Q: Olfactory, optic, and vestibulocochlear nerves are related to what type of function? Choices: - pulmonary - respiratory - digestion - sensory A:
**Answer**
sensory