Problem: Article: If you are looking at a pedigree that traces a specific trait, there should be some information included about what trait it is tracing. To trace the trait, start at the oldest generation. This will allow you to see how it has been passed down through the generations. Look for a roman numeral on the side of the pedigree that shows which generation is number 1. If there are no roman numerals included on the pedigree you can still easily determine the first generation. Look for the subjects that only have a line indicating a reproductive relationship connected to them. This indicates that the subjects below them are their children and their parents are not represented on the pedigree. The pedigree should also give you information about all of the symbols on the pedigree that are not standard. By looking at the symbols on the pedigree you can see who has been affected by the trait and who has not. Look for filled in circles and squares to see who has been affected. In some cases, just by looking at who has been affected by a trait you can trace it through every generation. If every generation has an occurrence of a trait then that trait is called dominant. A dominant trait is one that is will always be expressed if it is present in someone's DNA. As a genetic trait is passed down, there can be people or animals who carry the trait in their DNA but are not affected by the trait. To determine if someone is likely a carrier of a trait, you need to look at the generation before them and the generation after them. If the generation before this person was affected by the trait and a person after them is affected and has no other relatives that have a history of this trait in their family, then that person is a carrier. Determining who a carrier is can be difficult when a person has several ancestral lines that could be the source of a trait. By tracing the relationships in a pedigree and seeing who had a trait and who did not, you can get insight into whether the trait is carried on the sex chromosomes, called the x and the y. Look closely at parent and child relationships and see which parents and children had a trait and which did not. For example, if males of every generation have the same genetic trait, then that trait is likely carried on the y chromosome, which females do not have. If a trait impacts both males and females, it is not linked to sex and is carried on a different type of chromosome. This type of trait is called an autosomal trait.
Summary: Read the key on the pedigree and identify the oldest generation. Determine whether the trait has shown up in every generation. Analyze the pedigree for recessive carriers. Determine whether the trait is sex linked.

INPUT ARTICLE: Article: Many sufferers find that stress triggers the desire to pull hair. Do whatever you can do reduce stress in your life and learn how to manage the stress you do encounter with better coping techniques. Make a list of the things that stress you out. These can be large things, such as money or work, or they can be small things, like long lines at the grocery store. While you can't avoid everything that causes you stress, you can minimize your exposure to some things. You can reduce stress that you're feeling by using progressive muscle relaxation. This type of relaxation reduces muscle tension, sending a signal your body to begin relaxing. By tensing and then releasing the tension in your muscles, you can slowing bring your body back to a calm state. Tighten your muscles for six seconds and then release for six seconds. Pay close attention to how each muscle is relaxing. Work from your head to your toes until you feel your body begin to relax. Meditation can be helpful in reducing stress. A regular meditation regimen, even 10 minutes a day, can help clear your head and refocus your energy into a positive space. To meditate, find a quiet spot and sit or lie down. Begin breathing deeply, taking slow breaths. You might even try guided visualization, wherein you imagine a calm place such as a beach, a rippling creek, or a woodsy area. Ensure that you have a regular sleep pattern and that you're getting enough sleep every night. Aim for at least seven or eight hours of sleep every night. If you have trouble falling asleep, try listening to some soft music. Stop using any screen devices at least 15 minutes before you go to sleep. Studies show that stress can be reduced considerably with a regular exercise regimen. Your body will increase its production of endorphins, which contribute to you feeling more positive. You don't have to pound the pavement for an hour every day. You can participate in exercising that you enjoy. This might include yoga, martial arts, or other activities. Even gardening can give you an energy boost.

SUMMARY: Eliminate some of your stress sources. Relax your muscles through progressive muscle relaxation. Try meditation. Get enough sleep. Try exercise.

In one sentence, describe what the following article is about: Take 15-30 minutes to observe your anger. Sit comfortably in a quiet room where you will be undisturbed. Close your eyes and take deep breaths. Think about your anger. Where do you hold it in your body? Does your head hurt? Are you clenching your teeth? Are you flexing your shoulder muscles? Do you associate your anger with certain colors or shapes? Now open your eyes. Breathe in through your nose. Then breathe out through your mouth. Write a list of the things that are making you angry. These can be large or small; nothing is too insignificant or silly. Remember, this is a time for you to observe and address your anger, rather than hide from it. Choose the top 3 things that make you angry, and make a short list of 3 strategies that can help remedy these situations. This will help you take control of your own feelings and make sure you feel empowered to change what you can change. Sit in a quiet room for about 15 minutes. Breathe deeply and close your eyes. Think about where your stress sits in your body. Are you storing it in your shoulders? Your neck? Your legs? Are you tightening your fists? Recognize your stress, saying, "I am aware of tension in my back." If something negative happens, observe your feelings. You might feel angry or stressed or sad, which is fine. But don't let those feelings consume you. Choose to view the positive angle of a negative situation. For example, if you missed your bus and need to wait for another one, take advantage of the extra time to treat yourself to coffee. People may say rude or mean things to you or about you. Keep in mind that this is their own agenda, not yours. Their unhappiness does not need to make you unhappy. When you have negative feelings, it is hard to stop yourself from wallowing in them. But having a Zen attitude means not getting mired in bad feelings. Take the first step in lifting yourself up by smiling. A great big smile will momentarily trick your mind into thinking more positively, helping pull you out of a rut. When you get into a negative space, your mind tends to run wildly, linking one negative thought with another one and compounding the negativity. In order to help your mind link different, more positive thoughts together, practice the following training exercise: Take about 30 minutes to listen to your inner thoughts. As your mind wanders, you may begin to hear some negative inner talk, such as "I am a terrible person. I forgot my mother's birthday." Immediately counter that talk with, "That thought doesn't serve me. Goodbye thought!" Tell yourself a more positive thought, layered with compassion, to reassure yourself of your value and worth. I have a lot on my plate right now. I'll make a list so I can keep track of details."
Summary:
Observe and address your anger. Pay attention to your stress. Check your response to a negative situation. Try not to take things personally. Smile when you feel down. Counteract negative thoughts.