instruction:
Given an abstract, generate a keyword (a noun phrase) that best describes the focus or contribution of the paper. Such keywords can be directly from the given abstract or outside it.
question:
Abstract: RV and LV failure frequently coexist. Experimental evidence suggests that RV failure results from a primary insult to the right ventricle and an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance. LV failure results in an elevation of the left atrial pressure and thereby a reduction in the transpulmonary hydrostatic gradient. Because RV function depends on the contraction of the left ventricle, this contribution is reduced during LV failure. Treatment should be aimed first at restoring LV function. If RV failure persists and is not due to a simple mechanical problem, treatment of RV failure should be commenced. If volume loading, inotropes, and pH adjustments do not result in adequate RV output, a mechanical assist device should be considered. RHBP is the most powerful device, and it is capable of restoring systemic perfusion even when there is no residual RV function. Clinical results with this device have been most encouraging--most patients demonstrate improved RV function and a decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance after several days of treatment, allowing them to be weaned from assist. However, this technique is very invasive and requires constant close attention. PABC is a simple but less powerful assist device. Experimental studies suggest that if RV function is not extremely depressed--cardiac output is greater than 50 percent of normal--PABC may be effective in restoring systemic perfusion to normal levels. Current results suggest that RHBP remains the gold standard for severe RV failure, but further clinical experience with PABC may more clearly define its role in the management of RV failure.
answer:
Heart Failure, Congestive

question:
Abstract: To examine the gastric emptying characteristics of selected test drinks varying in carbohydrate composition and concentration, twenty-five runners ingested 400 ml of a solution in one or more of a series of trials followed by either 15 min seated rest or 15 min running (50 to 70% VO2 max). The solutions tested at rest included water, 5.0% maltodextrin, 3.0% maltodextrin + 2% glucose (MG5.0), and 4.5% maltodextrin + 2.6% fructose (MF7.1). Solutions tested during running included water, MG5.0, MF7.1, 5.5% maltodextrin + 2% glucose, and 5.5% maltodextrin + 2% fructose. At rest and during running, water emptied significantly (P less than 0.5) faster than all other drinks. In the running trials, the volume of gastric residue of 5.5% maltodextrin + 2% fructose (221.7 +/- 11.0 ml) was significantly greater than water (103.4 +/- 19.0 ml), MG5.0 (153.3 +/- 16.8 ml), and MF7.1 (167.3 +/- 14.8), suggesting an inhibitory role of glucose on gastric emptying. Running resulted in a significantly lower volume of gastric residue of water, MG5.0, and MF7.1 (103.4 +/- 19.0, 153.3 +/- 16.8, and 167.3 +/- 14.8 ml, respectively) as compared to the corresponding drinks at rest (209.3 +/- 12.6, 287.7 +/- 16.0, and 271.0 +/- 17.8 ml, respectively). These results suggest a possible advantage for including maltodextrin and fructose as carbohydrate sources in athletic drinks. Furthermore, the rate of gastric emptying is enhanced while running, possibly due to increased mechanical movement of fluid within the stomach.
answer:
Beverages

question:
Abstract: Microsporum nanum is a dermatophyte that can cause disease in both man and animals and is most frequently associated with ringworm infection in pigs. Human infections are rare in the literature. Three new cases of human M. nanum infection are reported here. Two patients had inflammatory tinea faciei and one had tinea cruris. The patients were successfully treated with clotrimazole or miconazole cream, sometimes combined with griseofulvin. All three patients were hog farmers and lived in the same small rural area. Occupational exposure is suggested as the cause of infection.
answer:
Adult