In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.

Historically, research on RNA helicase and translocation enzymes has seemed like a footnote to the extraordinary progress in studies on DNA-remodeling enzymes. However, during the past decade, the rising wave of activity in RNA science has engendered intense interest in the behaviors of specialized motor enzymes that remodel RNA molecules. Functional, mechanistic, and structural investigations of these RNA enzymes have begun to reveal the molecular basis for their key roles in RNA metabolism and signaling. In this chapter, we highlight the structural and mechanistic similarities among monomeric RNA translo-case enzymes, while emphasizing the many divergent characteristics that have caused this enzyme family to become one of the most important in metabolism and gene expression.
Molecular Mechanics of RNA Translocases

Arenaviruses are a family of enveloped RNA viruses that cause severe human disease. The first step in the arenavirus life cycle is attachment of viral particles to host cells. While virus-cell attachment can be measured through the use of virions labeled with biotin, radioactive isotopes, or fluorescent dyes, these approaches typically require high multiplicities of infection (MOI) to enable detection of bound virus. We describe a quantitative (q)RT-PCR-based assay that measures Junin virus strain Candid 1 attachment via quantitation of virion-packaged viral genomic RNA. This assay has several advantages including its extreme sensitivity and ability to measure attachment over a large dynamic range of MOIs without the need to purify or label input virus. Importantly, this approach can be easily tailored for use with other viruses through the use of virus-specific qRT-PCR reagents. Further, this assay can be modified to permit measurement of particle endocytosis and genome uncoating. In conclusion, we describe a simple, yet robust assay for highly sensitive measurement of arenavirus-cell attachment. The video component of this article can be found at http://www.jove.com/video/53682/ 15, 23 . The qRT-PCR-based assay described here can detect attachment events using as few as 20 plaque forming units (PFUs) of virus, which translates into an MOI of 0.0004 for a 48-well plate. Therefore, the strong sensitivity of the assay overcomes the requirement for high MOI as well as any virus labeling or concentration steps. Further, the assay can be i) adapted to measure virion endocytosis Journal of Visualized Experiments
Highly Sensitive Assay for Measurement of Arenavirus-cell Attachment

Several mathematical models of epidemic cholera have recently been proposed in response to outbreaks in Zimbabwe and Haiti. These models aim to estimate the dynamics of cholera transmission and the impact of possible interventions, with a goal of providing guidance to policymakers in deciding among alternative courses of action, including vaccination, provision of clean water, and antibiotics. Here we discuss concerns about model misspecification, parameter uncertainty, and spatial heterogeneity intrinsic to models for cholera. We argue for caution in interpreting quantitative predictions, particularly predictions of the effectiveness of interventions. We specify sensitivity analyses that would be necessary to improve confidence in model-based quantitative prediction, and suggest types of monitoring in future epidemic settings that would improve analysis and prediction. The recent cholera epidemic in Zimbabwe (2008)(2009) and the ongoing cholera epidemic in Haiti (2010-2011) are catastrophes in two regions already devastated by disease and poverty. The extent of these disasters has prompted inquiries into whether interventions -such as vaccination, antibiotic administration, and the provision of clean water -could have slowed or aborted these cholera epidemics, and how such interventions might be most effectively implemented in future epidemics. Cholera spreads in areas with poor sanitation and through contaminated water, and the ideal solution is to improve infrastructure to provide clean water and effective sanitation --an approach that has been successful since the 19 th century. 1 On the timescale of an epidemic, creation of such infrastructure is rarely feasible. Administration of vaccine, a staple of preventive medicine, is one of the few potentially life-5 Corresponding author: Marc Lipsitch, Professor of Epidemiology,
Cholera Modeling: Challenges to Quantitative Analysis and Predicting the Impact of Interventions NIH Public Access