input: OPTIONS:
- modification
- constriction
- expression
- articulation Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: An articulation is any place at which two bones are joined. The humerus is the largest and longest bone of the upper limb and the only bone of the arm. It articulates with the scapula at the shoulder and with the forearm at the elbow. The forearm extends from the elbow to the wrist and consists of two bones: the ulna and the radius. The radius is located along the lateral (thumb) side of the forearm and articulates with the humerus at the elbow. The ulna is located on the medial aspect (pinky-finger side) of the forearm. It is longer than the radius. The ulna articulates with the humerus at the elbow. The radius and ulna also articulate with the carpal bones and with each other, which in vertebrates enables a variable degree of rotation of the carpus with respect to the long axis of the limb. The hand includes the eight bones of the carpus (wrist), the five bones of the metacarpus (palm), and the 14 bones of the phalanges (digits). Each digit consists of three phalanges, except for the thumb, when present, which has only two. The Pelvic Girdle The pelvic girdle attaches to the lower limbs of the axial skeleton. Because it is responsible for bearing the weight of the body and for locomotion, the pelvic girdle is securely attached to the axial skeleton by strong ligaments. It also has deep sockets with robust ligaments to securely attach the femur to the body. The pelvic girdle is further strengthened by two large hip bones. In adults, the hip bones, or coxal bones, are formed by the fusion of three pairs of bones: the ilium, ischium, and pubis. The pelvis joins together in the anterior of the body at a joint called the pubic symphysis and with the bones of the sacrum at the posterior of the body. The female pelvis is slightly different from the male pelvis. Over generations of evolution, females with a wider pubic angle and larger diameter pelvic canal reproduced more successfully. Therefore, their offspring also had pelvic anatomy that enabled successful childbirth (Figure 38.13). Q: Any place at which two bones are joined is called a what? A:
A:
output: articulation

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Members of the genus Trypanosoma are flagellate protozoa that cause sleeping sickness , which is common in Africa. They also cause Chagas disease , which is common in South America. The parasites are spread by insect vectors. The vector for Chagas disease is shown in Figure below . Trypanosoma parasites enter a person's blood when the vector bites. Then they spread to other tissues and organs. The diseases may be fatal without medical treatment. Q: Members of the genus trypanosoma are flagellate protozoa that cause what? A:

OPTIONS:
- cancer
- hypertension
- mutations
- sleeping sickness

Answer: sleeping sickness

Problem: OPTIONS:
- Digestion
- Respiration
- photosynthesis
- glycolysis
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The monosaccharide glucose is broken down through a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions known as glycolysis. Q: The monosaccharide glucose is broken down through a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions known as what? A:
Answer: glycolysis

Problem:OPTIONS:
- prenatal
- old age
- youth
- adolescence

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Adolescence is the period of life between the start of puberty and the beginning of adulthood. Adolescence includes the physical changes of puberty. It also includes many other changes, including significant mental, emotional, and social changes. During adolescence:. Q: The period of life between the start of puberty and the beginning of adulthood is called? A:
****
A: adolescence

Answer the following question given this paragraph: 10.3 Muscle Fiber Contraction and Relaxation A sarcomere is the smallest contractile portion of a muscle. Myofibrils are composed of thick and thin filaments. Thick filaments are composed of the protein myosin; thin filaments are composed of the protein actin. Troponin and tropomyosin are regulatory proteins. Muscle contraction is described by the sliding filament model of contraction. ACh is the neurotransmitter that binds at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) to trigger depolarization, and an action potential travels along the sarcolemma to trigger calcium release from SR. The actin sites are exposed after Ca++ enters the sarcoplasm from its SR storage to activate the troponin-tropomyosin complex so that the tropomyosin shifts away from the sites. The cross-bridging of myposin heads docking into actin-binding sites is followed by the "power stroke"the sliding of the thin filaments by thick filaments. The power strokes are powered by ATP. Ultimately, the sarcomeres, myofibrils, and muscle fibers shorten to produce movement. Q: What is the smallest contractile portion of a muscle? A:
OPTIONS:
- filaments
- cell
- capillary
- sarcomere
sarcomere

Answer the following question given this paragraph: The scientific method is not a step by step, linear process. It is a way of learning about the world through the application of knowledge. Scientists must be able to have an idea of what the answer to an investigation should be. In order for scientists to make educated guesses about the answers, they will base their guesses on previous knowledge, with the notion of extending that knowledge. Scientists will often make an observation and then form a hypothesis to explain why a phenomenon occurred. They use all of their knowledge and a bit of imagination in their journey of discovery. Q: In the scientific method, what is the initial, unproven explanation for why something is occurring? A:
OPTIONS:
- concepts
- idea
- theories
- hypothesis

Answer:
hypothesis