Q: "A computer program is a collection of instructions that performs a specific task when executed by a computer". A computer requires programs to function and typically executes the program's instructions in a central processing unit.

A computer program is usually written by a computer programmer in a programming language. From the program in its human-readable form of source code, a compiler can derive machine codea form consisting of instructions that the computer can directly execute. Alternatively, a computer program may be executed with the aid of an interpreter.

A part of a computer program that performs a well-defined task is known as an algorithm. A collection of computer programs, libraries, and related data are referred to as software. Computer programs may be categorized along functional lines, such as application software or system software.

The earliest programmable machines preceded the invention of the digital computer. In 1801, Joseph-Marie Jacquard devised a loom that would weave a pattern by following a series of perforated cards. Patterns could be woven and repeated by arranging the cards.

In 1837, Charles Babbage was inspired by Jacquard's loom to attempt to build the Analytical Engine. The names of the components of the calculating device were borrowed from the textile industry. In the textile industry, yarn was brought from the store to be milled. The device would have had a "store"memory to hold 1,000 numbers of 40 decimal digits each. Numbers from the "store" would then have then been transferred to the "mill" (analogous to the CPU of a modern machine), for processing. It was programmed using two sets of perforated cardsone to direct the operation and the other for the input variables.

1. an algorithm
2. yes
3. a loom that would weave a pattern by following a series of perforated cards
4. 1801
5. Charles Babbage
6. the textile industry
7. memory to hold 1,000 numbers of 40 decimal digits each
8. the "mill"
9. to the CPU of a modern machine
10. two sets of perforated cards
11. one to direct the operation and the other for the input variables
12. a collection of instructions that performs a specific task when executed by a computer
13. in a central processing unit
14. yes
15. yes
16. with the aid of an interpreter
17. a part of a computer program that performs a well-defined task
18. a collection of computer programs, libraries
19. yes
20. application software or system software

Numbered questions:
1. What is a part of a computer program that performs a defined task?
2. Did programmable machines precede the invention of the computer?
3. What did Jacquard invent?
4. What year did she invent it?
5. Who built the Analytical Engine
6. What industry did the component names borrow from?
7. What was the "store"?
8. Where did numbers transfer to after the "store"?
9. What was the "mill" analogous to?
10. How many sets of cards did the Analytical Engine use?
11. What did they do?
12. What is a computer program?
13. Where does a program typically execute its instructions?
14. Is machine code human-readable?
15. Can computers directly execute machine code?
16. What is another way for a program to execute code?
17. What is an algorithm?
18. What is software?
19. Can computer programs be classified by functional lines?
20. Can you give an example?

Q: Jake wanted to eat an orange. He liked fruit, and the only fruits in the house were apples, which he didn't like, oranges, and strawberries, which made him itchy. But his mother had put oranges on top of the refrigerator. Jake couldn't reach the top of the refrigerator. He got the stool that he used to reach things in the cupboards. But the stool wasn't tall enough on its own. He thought if he stood on the edge of the kitchen sink he could reach the oranges. (The kitchen sink was right next to the refrigerator). So he used the stool to get up to the edge of the sink, and then he stood on the edge of the sink to get the oranges. He took one out of the bag and then put the bag back on top of the refrigerator. Then he used the stool to climb back down again with his orange. He sat at the kitchen table, peeled the orange, and ate it. Then he took all of the pieces of orange peel and threw them away in the yard waste.

1. an orange
2. strawberries
3. on the refrigerator
4. Yes
5. climbing on a stool
6. One
7. at the table
8. Threw them away
9. Yard waste

Numbered questions:
1. What did Jake want to eat?
2. What made him itchy?
3. Where were the oranges?
4. Was he able to take one down?
5. How?
6. How many oranges did he take?
7. Where did he sit?
8. What did he do with the peels?
9. Where?

Q: (CNN) -- Two children died Saturday in the suburbs of the Syrian capital -- not because of guns, bombs or other weapons, but because of malnutrition, activists and an opposition group said.

The two boys suffered from marasmus, a type of acute malnutrition that can very quickly lead to death if not treated, the opposition Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said.

Ibrahim Khalil was 4; Ammar Arafa was even younger, but his exact age wasn't known, opposition activist Ahmed Al-Muadami said from the town, Moadamiyet al-Sham, in the Damascus suburbs.

Moadamiyet al-Sham was one of the areas affected by the alleged chemical weapons attack August 21. It was the first town United Nations inspectors visited this week to gather evidence about the attack and speak to the wounded.

Al-Muadami said the town has been under siege by Syrian troops since last November and that the situation there is "disastrous."

"We ran out of food supplies and we cannot get anything into the town," he said.

Doctors lacked the medicine and necessary nutrients to treat the children because of the siege, the Syrian Observatory said.

"We haven't seen a piece of bread for six months now," said another resident, Abu Alnour. "We went through our food supplies, local produce and cattle."

He said government checkpoints and snipers are blocking all the roads leading into the town and are not allowing anything in or out. The Syrian government typically calls rebels "armed terrorists."

"The Red Crescent tried to send an aid shipment into the town in early July but the government forces denied them access, and that was the last aid shipment we heard about," Al-Muadami said.

1. malnutrition
2. marasmus
3. Ibrahim Khalil and Ammar Arafa
4. Damascus
5. food supplies
6. The Red Crescent
7. government forces denied them access
8. checkpoints and snipers are blocking all the roads
9. for six months
10. lacked the medicine and necessary nutrients
11. United Nations
12. to gather evidence
13. about the attack (Chemical)
14. to the wounded.
15. since last November
16. "armed terrorists."
17. Abu Alnour

Numbered questions:
1. What did the children die of?
2. What was the specific name of the disease?
3. What were the names of the boys?
4. What country were they in?
5. What did that town run out of?
6. Who tried to send in aid?
7. What happened to it?
8. What is blocking the roads?
9. How long has it been since they've seen bread?
10. What did doctors need to treat the children?
11. What agency sent inspectors this week?
12. To do what?
13. About what?
14. Who were they going to speak to?
15. How long has the town been under seige>
16. What does the Syrian government call rebels?
17. What is the name of one resident?