input: Cambridge English Dictionary states that culture is, "the way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs, of a particular group of people at a particular time." Terror Management Theory posits that culture is a series of activities and worldviews that provide humans with the illusion of being individuals of value in a world meaningraising themselves above the merely physical aspects of existence, in order to deny the animal insignificance and death that Homo Sapiens became aware of when they acquired a larger brain.

As a defining aspect of what it means to be human, culture is a central concept in anthropology, encompassing the range of phenomena that are transmitted through social learning in human societies. The word is used in a general sense as the evolved ability to categorize and represent experiences with symbols and to act imaginatively and creatively. This ability arose with the evolution of behavioral modernity in humans around 50,000 years ago.[citation needed] This capacity is often thought to be unique to humans, although some other species have demonstrated similar, though much less complex abilities for social learning. It is also used to denote the complex networks of practices and accumulated knowledge and ideas that is transmitted through social interaction and exist in specific human groups, or cultures, using the plural form. Some aspects of human behavior, such as language, social practices such as kinship, gender and marriage, expressive forms such as art, music, dance, ritual, religion, and technologies such as cooking, shelter, clothing are said to be cultural universals, found in all human societies. The concept material culture covers the physical expressions of culture, such as technology, architecture and art, whereas the immaterial aspects of culture such as principles of social organization (including, practices of political organization and social institutions), mythology, philosophy, literature (both written and oral), and science make up the intangible cultural heritage of a society. 1. What is Cambridge English Dictionary describing?
2. Culture is a central concept in what?
3. What kind of learning is anthropology interested in?
4. When did creativity begin to be seen in humans?
5. What is an example of a social practice?
6. Is music an expressive form?
7. Is art an expressive form?
8. Are there other examples?
9. What is an example of a technology?
10. Any other?
11. Are these found in every human society?
12. What is an example of a material aspect of culture?
13. What about immaterial aspects?
14. What theory says that culture is an illusion?
15. What species of human does the theory mention?
16. What kind of brain did they have?
17. Does culture involve a specific time?
18. What illusion does culture provide?
19. Individuals of what?
20. Are cultural universals found in all societies? Return numbered answers in your output.

output: 1. culture
2. anthropology
3. social learning
4. maybe around 50,000 years ago
5. kinship, gender and marriage
6. yes
7. yes
8. yes
9. cooking
10. Yes, shelter, clothing
11. yes
12. technology
13. mythology
14. Terror Management Theory
15. Homo Sapiens
16. larger
17. yes
18. being individual
19. value
20. yes

input: Tom Becker has won the 2007 Waterstone's children's book prize with his first novel, Darkside, receiving a cheque for PS1,000 and the promise of display in branches of the book store across the country.

The 25-year-old author described winning as an "unbelievable feeling". "I didn't think my book would be on the shortlist and stood a chance of winning, and it's amazing to receive such an important award at the beginning of my writing career. Needless to say I am absolutely made up." he said.

The novel, inspired by film noir , fantasy and a fascination with the dark side of the 19th century, is for children between the ages of nine and 12. It tells the story of a boy, Jonathan Stirling, who discovers a similar world filled with vampires and werewolves . This alternative reality has a clearly Victorian air, and is ruled by a descendant of Jack the Ripper. Soon hunters from the other side begin searching for Jonathan, who finds himself driven into their world.

Waterstone's head children's buyer, Wayne Winstone, thought highly of Becker's "huge" achievement. He said: "Tom Becker's writing style attracts you in the same way that Darren Shan's does with his mix of adventure and the supernatural.

"I have a feeling that Tom has real potential and could be one of the big names in children's writing in the future."

This year's shortlist also included Michael Broad's Jake Cake, Philip Caveney's Sebastian Darke and Siobhan Dowd's A Swift Pure Cry. Last year's prize was won by Julia Golding with The Diamond of Drury Lane. 1. How many novels had Tom written before winning a prize?
2. What prize did he win?
3. Did receive a monetary reward as well?
4. What did Wayne Winstone think about the writer?
5. What did Wayne have to say about him?
6. Who was on the shortlist with him?
7. Who won the prize the previous year?
8. For what work?
9. What type of writing style inspired Tom's novel?
10. From what century?
11. Is his book a suggested read for teenagers?
12. Is it geared a younger or older audience? Return numbered answers in your output.

output: 1. none
2. Waterstone's children's book prize
3. Yes
4. he thought highly of Becker's "huge" achievement
5. Tom has real potential and could be one of the big names in children's writing in the future
6. Michael Broad, Philip Caveney and Siobhan Dowd
7. Julia Golding
8. The Diamond of Drury Lane
9. mix of adventure and the supernatural.
10. 19th century
11. No
12. younger

input: CHAPTER VI.

_The Duke Visits Hauteville_

PARLIAMENT assembled, the town filled, and every moment in the day of the Duke of St. James was occupied. Sir Carte and his tribe filled up the morning. Then there were endless visits to endless visitors; dressing; riding, chiefly with Lady Caroline; luncheons, and the bow window at White's. Then came the evening with all its crash and glare; the banquet, the opera, and the ball.

The Duke of St. James took the oaths and his seat. He was introduced by Lord Fitz-pompey. He heard a debate. We laugh at such a thing, especially in the Upper House; but, on the whole, the affair is imposing, particularly if we take part in it. Lord Ex-Chamberlain thought the nation going on wrong, and he made a speech full of currency and constitution. Baron Deprivyseal seconded him with great effect, brief but bitter, satirical and sore. The Earl of Quarterday answered these, full of confidence in the nation and in himself. When the debate was getting heavy, Lord Snap jumped up to give them something light. The Lords do not encourage wit, and so are obliged to put up with pertness. But Viscount Memoir was very statesmanlike, and spouted a sort of universal history. Then there was Lord Ego, who vindicated his character, when nobody knew he had one, and explained his motives, because his auditors could not understand his acts. Then there was a maiden speech, so inaudible that it was doubted whether, after all, the young orator really did lose his virginity. In the end, up started the Premier, who, having nothing to say, was manly, and candid, and liberal; gave credit to his adversaries and took credit to himself, and then the motion was withdrawn. 1. Who would accompany the Duke at most times?
2. What was one of the evening's events?
3. And what else? Return numbered answers in your output.

output:
1. Lady Caroline?
2. banquets
3. opera