In this task, you will be presented with a context from an academic paper and you have to write an answerable question based on the context. Your questions can be extractive, abstractive, or yes-no questions.

[Q]: Next, we analyzed all tweets labeled as offensive to better understand how Arabic speakers use offensive language. Here is a breakdown of usage:

Direct name calling: The most frequent attack is to call a person an animal name, and the most used animals were > ("klb" "dog"), > ("HmAr" "donkey"), and > ("bhym" "beast"). The second most common was insulting mental abilities using words such as > ("gby" "stupid") and > ("EbyT" "idiot"). Some culture-specific differences should be considered. Not all animal names are used as insults. For example, animals such as > ("Asd" "lion"), > ("Sqr" "falcon"), and > ("gzAl" "gazelle") are typically used for praise. For other insults, people use: some bird names such as > ("djAjp" "chicken"), > ("bwmp" "owl"), and > ("grAb" "crow"); insects such as > ("*bAbp" "fly"), > ("SrSwr" "cockroach"), and > ("H$rp" "insect"); microorganisms such as > ("jrvwmp" "microbe") and > ("THAlb" "algae"); inanimate objects such as > ("jzmp" "shoes") and > ("sTl" "bucket") among other usages.

Simile and metaphor: Users use simile and metaphor were they would compare a person to: an animal as in > ("zy Alvwr" "like a bull"), > ("smEny nhyqk" "let me hear your braying"), and > ("hz dylk" "wag your tail"); a person with mental or physical disability such as > ("mngwly" "Mongolian (down-syndrome)"), > ("mEwq" "disabled"), and > ("qzm" "dwarf"); and to the opposite gender such as > ("jy$ nwAl" "Nawal's army (Nawal is female name)") and > ("nAdy zyzy" "Zizi's club (Zizi is a female pet name)").

Indirect speech: This type of offensive language includes: sarcasm such as > ("A*kY AxwAtk" "smartest one of your siblings") and > ("fylswf AlHmyr" "the donkeys' philosopher"); questions such as > ("Ayh kl AlgbA dh" "what is all this stupidity"); and indirect speech such as > ("AlnqA$ mE AlbhAym gyr mvmr" "no use talking to cattle").

Wishing Evil: This entails wishing death or major harm to befall someone such as > ("rbnA yAxdk" "May God take (kill) you"), > ("Allh ylEnk" "may Allah/God curse you"), and > ("rwH fy dAhyp" equivalent to "go to hell").

Name alteration: One common way to insult others is to change a letter or two in their names to produce new offensive words that rhyme with the original names. Some examples of such include changing > ("Aljzyrp" "Aljazeera (channel)") to > ("Alxnzyrp" "the pig") and > ("xlfAn" "Khalfan (person name)") to > ("xrfAn" "crazed").

Societal stratification: Some insults are associated with: certain jobs such as > ("bwAb" "doorman") or > ("xAdm" "servant"); and specific societal components such > ("bdwy" "bedouin") and > ("flAH" "farmer").

Immoral behavior: These insults are associated with negative moral traits or behaviors such as > ("Hqyr" "vile"), > ("xAyn" "traitor"), and > ("mnAfq" "hypocrite").

Sexually related: They include expressions such as > ("xwl" "gay"), > ("wsxp" "prostitute"), and > ("ErS" "pimp").
[A]: What are the distinctive characteristics of how Arabic speakers use offensive language?

[Q]: Bag-of-words feature vectors were used to train a multinomial logistic regression model. Let INLINEFORM0 be the true label, where INLINEFORM1 is the total number of labels and INLINEFORM2 is the concatenation of the weight vectors INLINEFORM3 associated with the INLINEFORM4 th party then DISPLAYFORM0
[A]: What model are the text features used in to provide predictions?

[Q]: Information Gathering: At step $t$ of the information gathering phase, the agent can issue one of the following four actions to interact with the paragraph $p$, where $p$ consists of $n$ sentences and where the current observation corresponds to sentence $s_k,~1 \le k \le n$:

previous: jump to $ \small {\left\lbrace egin{array}{ll} s_n & ext{if $k = 1$,}\ s_{k-1} & ext{otherwise;} \end{array}
ight.} $

next: jump to $ \small {\left\lbrace egin{array}{ll} s_1 & ext{if $k = n$,}\ s_{k+1} & ext{otherwise;} \end{array}
ight.} $

Ctrl+F $<$query$>$: jump to the sentence that contains the next occurrence of "query";

stop: terminate information gathering phase.
[A]:
What commands does their setup provide to models seeking information?