Answer the following question given this paragraph: Plant Parasites and Pathogens The production of enough good-quality crops is essential to our existence. Plant diseases have ruined crops, bringing widespread famine. Most plant pathogens are fungi that cause tissue decay and eventual death of the host (Figure 13.25). In addition to destroying plant tissue directly, some plant pathogens spoil crops by producing potent toxins. Fungi are also responsible for food spoilage and the rotting of stored crops. For example, the fungus Claviceps purpurea causes ergot, a disease of cereal crops (especially of rye). Although the fungus reduces the yield of cereals, the effects of the ergot's alkaloid toxins on humans and animals are of much greater significance: In animals, the disease is referred to as ergotism. The most common signs and symptoms are convulsions, hallucination, gangrene, and loss of milk in cattle. The active ingredient of ergot is lysergic acid, which is a precursor of the drug LSD. Smuts, rusts, and powdery or downy mildew are other examples of common fungal pathogens that affect crops. Q: A type of what organism causes ergot, a disease that impacts crops directly and has more devastating effects on animals? A:
OPTIONS:
- insects
- bacteria
- virus
- fungus
fungus

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Modern reptiles live in many different habitats. They can be found on every continent except Antarctica. Q: Modern members of what broad animal group live in many different habitats and are found on every continent except antarctica? A:
OPTIONS:
- arachnids
- amphibians
- parasites
- reptiles

Answer: reptiles

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Exocytosis describes the process of vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane and releasing their contents to the outside of the cell, as shown in Figure below . Exocytosis occurs when a cell produces substances for export, such as a protein, or when the cell is getting rid of a waste product or a toxin. Newly made membrane proteins and membrane lipids are moved to the plasma membrane by exocytosis. Q: What describes the process of vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane and releasing their contents to the outside of the cell? A:
OPTIONS:
- autolysis
- endocytosis
- expulsion
- exocytosis
Answer: exocytosis

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Electrical energy is transmitted by moving electrons in an electric current. In order to travel, electric current needs matter. It cannot pass through empty space. However, matter resists the flow of electric current. That's because flowing electrons in current collide with particles of matter, which absorb their energy. Some types of matter offer more or less resistance to electric current than others. Q: What is transmitted by moving electrons in an electric current? A:
OPTIONS:
- potential energy
- subsequent energy
- stellar energy
- electrical energy
output: electrical energy

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: 29.4 Photon Momentum Measuring Photon Momentum The quantum of EM radiation we call a photon has properties analogous to those of particles we can see, such as grains of sand. A photon interacts as a unit in collisions or when absorbed, rather than as an extensive wave. Massive quanta, like electrons, also act like macroscopic particlessomething we expect, because they are the smallest units of matter. Particles carry momentum as well as energy. Despite photons having no mass, there has long been evidence that EM radiation carries momentum. (Maxwell and others who studied EM waves predicted that they would carry momentum. ) It is now a well-established fact that photons do have momentum. In fact, photon momentum is suggested by the photoelectric effect, where photons knock electrons out of a substance. Figure 29.17 shows macroscopic evidence of photon momentum. Q: Massive quanta, like electrons, also act like macroscopic particlessomething we expect, because they are the smallest what? A:

OPTIONS:
- regiments of matter
- battalions of matter
- depth of matter
- units of matter

A: units of matter

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Air quality is a measure of the pollutants in the air. More pollutants mean poorer air quality. Poor air quality started to become a serious problem after the Industrial Revolution. Factories burned coal for energy. Gasoline burned by cars and trucks added greatly to air pollution. By the mid-1900s, air quality in many big cities was very bad. Incidents in London and in U. S. cities alerted people to the extent of the problem. It was clear that air quality needed to be protected. Q: Air quality is a measure of what in the air? A:
OPTIONS:
- clouds
- gases
- water
- pollutants
pollutants