Answer the following question given this paragraph: The simplest organic compounds are those composed of only two elements: carbon and hydrogen. These compounds are called hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons themselves are separated into two types: aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons. Aliphatic hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons based on chains of C atoms. There are three types of aliphatic hydrocarbons. Alkanes are aliphatic hydrocarbons with only single covalent bonds. Alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain at least one CC double bond, and alkynes are hydrocarbons that contain a CC triple bond. Occasionally, we find an aliphatic hydrocarbon with a ring of C atoms; these hydrocarbons are calledcycloalkanes (or cycloalkenes or cycloalkynes). Aromatic hydrocarbons have a special six-carbon ring called a benzene ring. Electrons in the benzene ring have special energetic properties that give benzene physical and chemical properties that are markedly different from alkanes. Originally, the term aromatic was used to describe this class of compounds because they were particularly fragrant. However, in modern chemistry the term aromatic denotes the presence of a six-membered ring that imparts different and unique properties to a molecule. The simplest alkanes have their C atoms bonded in a straight chain; these are callednormal alkanes. They are named according to the number of C atoms in the chain. The smallest alkane is methane:. Q: The simplest organic compounds have hydrogen and what else? Choices: - sodium - oxygen - nitrogen - carbon A:
carbon
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The thermophiles live in extremely hot environments. For example, they can grow in hot springs, geysers, and near volcanoes. Unlike other organisms, they can thrive in temperatures near 100C, the boiling point of water!. Q: What is the term for organisms that live in extremely hot environments? Choices: - hydrophylic - thermophobes - exothermic - thermophiles A:
thermophiles
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Visible light is one type of electromagnetic radiation , which is a form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as it moves through space. Other types of electromagnetic radiation include gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet light, infrared light, microwaves, and radio waves. The figure below shows the electromagnetic spectrum , which is all forms of electromagnetic radiation. Notice that visible light makes up only a very, very small portion of the entire electromagnetic spectrum. All electromagnetic radiation moves through a vacuum at a constant speed of 2.998 10 8 m/s. While the presence of air molecules slows the speed of light by a very small amount, we will use the value of 3.00 10 8 m/s as the speed of light in air. Q: Visible light is one type of this radiation? Choices: - neutron - Ionizing - Gamma - electromagnetic A:
A: electromagnetic
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: In what group of animals several forms of asexual reproduction are found? Choices: - crustaceans - arthropods - insects - invertebrates A:
Answer: invertebrates
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: What is a bread mold and research organism that also grows in the wild on burned vegetation Choices: - penicillin - nemophora - whey - neurospora A:
**Answer**
neurospora
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The Promoter and the Transcription Machinery Genes are organized to make the control of gene expression easier. The promoter region is immediately upstream of the coding sequence. This region can be short (only a few nucleotides in length) or quite long (hundreds of nucleotides long). The longer the promoter, the more available space for proteins to bind. This also adds more control to the transcription process. The length of the promoter is gene-specific and can differ dramatically between genes. Consequently, the level of control of gene expression can also differ quite dramatically between genes. The purpose of the promoter is to bind transcription factors that control the initiation of transcription. Within the promoter region, just upstream of the transcriptional start site, resides the TATA box. This box is simply a repeat of thymine and adenine dinucleotides (literally, TATA repeats). RNA polymerase binds to the transcription initiation complex, allowing transcription to occur. To initiate transcription, a transcription factor (TFIID) is the first to bind to the TATA box. Binding of TFIID recruits other transcription factors, including TFIIB, TFIIE, TFIIF, and TFIIH to the TATA box. Once this complex is assembled, RNA polymerase can bind to its upstream sequence. When bound along with the transcription factors, RNA polymerase is phosphorylated. This releases part of the protein from the DNA to activate the transcription initiation complex and places RNA polymerase in the correct orientation to begin transcription; DNA-bending protein brings the enhancer, which can be quite a distance from the gene, in contact with transcription factors and mediator proteins (Figure 16.9). Q: Genes are organized to make the control of gene expression easier. the promoter region is immediately upstream of this? Choices: - propagate sequence - organic sequence - signalling sequence - coding sequence A:
**Answer**
coding sequence