INPUT ARTICLE: Article: Use your fingers to hold the orange firmly in place.

SUMMARY: Place an orange on a cutting board so the two ends are facing out.

In one sentence, describe what the following article is about: Spend time putting your speech together so that when you give it, it flows naturally and feels normal to you. Being familiar with the content will greatly reduce stress. Visualize giving your speech, from driving to the location, getting on stage, delivering the speech, and returning home. This can help alleviate your anxiety and alert you of anything you still need to prepare. View your public speaking like a play. If you don't learn your lines you won't be able to act and engage your audience. When an actor doesn't know her lines, the audience is always aware. The more you prepare the less you have to worry about when speaking publicly. If it helps you prepare, create a character. You don't have to be just you. Take on a stage persona. If you're introverted, create a character who is extroverted and play that character when speaking. Plan everything that you can so that when it's time to speak all you have to do is focus on your speech. Not only should you know your speech inside and out, you should plan everything from what you'll eat to what you'll wear. Plan your outfit a day ahead. When it's time to get ready, you don't have to worry. Plan what and when you'll eat. If you know you get nervous and not hungry before speaking, then plan to eat a few hours earlier. You don't have to write out your whole speech. But you should have some sort of outline that works for you. While your speech should be pretty much memorized, having an outline will let you reference something to make sure that you're hitting all the points you need to. An outline will help you develop a natural flow to your speech. You won't have to panic if you forget what your next point was because you can look at your outline. You should also include the thesis, or main point, of your speech. Like in an essay paper, having a clear thesis that you will back up is a great help. Your thesis will inform you and your audience of what you will talk about. It will also show the audience that you are prepared and knowledgeable. You may get sidetracked during a speech depending on the forum you're in. Having an outline and really knowing your material will allow you to easily transition and get back on track. Rehearsing your speech and taking notes on how you speak, the tenor of your voice, body language, and other factors will allow you to speak with confidence. Then watch yourself and take notes on how you sound and look. Make necessary adjustments. Just like for any athlete or artist, practice is a key component to success. When practicing your speech, go a little slow to really digest what you are saying and how you are coming across. When you give your actual speech in public you'll probably have the tendency to speak faster than normal. But practice can help you keep a good tempo. Practicing will also help you memorize and feel prepared. When it's time to speak publicly, you'll know that you could do your speech in your sleep. Practice while you're doing other things, such as the dishes, mowing the lawn, or getting ready. Be sure to practice the middle of your speech multiple times, as this is the part that is most often forgotten. Don't just practice your speech from the beginning; start from the middle and rehearse it through the end a few times to help you lock each part in your memory. Breathing is a key component in delivering a great speech. Your breath and the oxygen you allow to enter your body will keep you calm and focused. Smiling makes you happy and water keeps you energized. When you smile, you feel better. When you allow yourself to take a moment to breathe you can slow your heart rate and process what you are doing and saying. When we get nervous we often take shorter more shallow breaths. This kind of breathing doesn't allow us to get as much oxygen and can cloud our thoughts. Long, steady breaths will help you keep a clear head and a calm body. Additionally, smile. Smiling triggers endorphins in our brains which make us happy. Make sure to stay hydrated as well. When you're dehydrated you can't think as clearly and can become tired much more easily. If you know that you're speaking in the morning, plan to get a full night's rest. Then, once you wake up feeling refreshed and energized, put on your outfit which you already planned to wear. Do whatever you need to do that relaxes you and allows you to get a good night's sleep. Exercise, watch a movie, read. Try to get eight hours of sleep so you wake up feeling refreshed. Plan your outfit beforehand so all you have to do is put it on. You should wear something that gives you confidence and makes you feel amazing. Whether it's that great suit that makes you feel like you can take on the world or that classy dress that fits your body perfectly and gives you confidence. Dress well and appropriately, but wear something that you feel great in. When you feel great about how you look, your confidence will soar.
Summary: Plan appropriately. Write down an outline for your speech. Practice your speech and record it. Breathe deeply, smile, and stay hydrated. Rest well and dress for success.

INPUT ARTICLE: Article: This is an alternate brewing method and should be used if you do not intend to heat your juice before fermenting it. You should not use both brewing methods. Sulfites come in the form of campden tablets. The sulfites are fairly mild and are usually neutralized by the time the cider is ready to enjoy. You will need to let the juice sit for a while after adding the sulfites in order to reduce the strength of the sulfites. Otherwise, the sulfites may kill some of the yeast. Pour the juice or cider directly into the container you intend to ferment the cider in. A professional-grade fermenter leaves the smallest room for error, but you can use five 1-gallon (4-L) empty milk jugs for a cheaper option. Use the back of a spoon to crush the tablets into a fine dust. Crush the tablets on a plate or other surface that you can easily remove the powder from. Add the crushed campden tablets to your juice or cider and stir slightly with a spoon to mix. Cover the fermenter and allow the sulfites to sit in the juice for a full two days before you ferment the cider. You will ferment the juice with remnants of the sulfites in it. These sulfites will not get filtered out.

SUMMARY:
Understand when and why to use this method. Pour the juice into your fermenter. Crush the campden tablets. Stir the campden tablets into your juice. Let set for two days.