(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The 24 human chromosomes. The autosomes are numbered 1 - 22, based on size, with chromosome 1 being the largest. The X and Y sex chromosomes are shown in the box. Q: X and y are the labels of what specialized human chromosomes? Choices: - carb chromosomes - exotic chromosomes - protein chromosomes - sex chromosomes A:
(A).
sex chromosomes

(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The generation of genetic maps requires markers, just as a road map requires landmarks (such as rivers and mountains). Early genetic maps were based on the use of known genes as markers. More sophisticated markers, including those based on non-coding DNA, are now used to compare the genomes of individuals in a population. Although individuals of a given species are genetically similar, they are not identical; every individual has a unique set of traits. These minor differences in the genome between individuals in a population are useful for the purposes of genetic mapping. In general, a good genetic marker is a region on the chromosome that shows variability or polymorphism (multiple forms) in the population. Some genetic markers used in generating genetic maps are restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP), variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs), microsatellite polymorphisms, and the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). RFLPs (sometimes pronounced "rif-lips") are detected when the DNA of an individual is cut with a restriction endonuclease that recognizes specific sequences in the DNA to generate a series of DNA fragments, which are then analyzed by gel electrophoresis. The DNA of every individual will give rise to a unique pattern of bands when cut with a particular set of restriction endonucleases; this is sometimes referred to as an individual's DNA "fingerprint. " Certain regions of the chromosome that are subject to polymorphism will lead to the generation of the unique banding pattern. VNTRs are repeated sets of nucleotides present in the non-coding regions of DNA. Non-coding, or "junk," DNA has no known biological function; however, research shows that much of this DNA is actually transcribed. While its function is uncertain, it is certainly active, and it may be involved in the regulation of coding genes. The number of repeats may vary in individual organisms of a population. Microsatellite polymorphisms are similar to VNTRs, but the repeat unit is very small. SNPs are variations in a... Q: Although individuals of a given species are genetically similar, they are not identical; every individual has a unique set of these? Choices: - mutations - habits - chromosomes - traits A:
(A).
traits

(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Diseases of the nervous system include infections, epilepsy, strokes, and Alzheimer's disease. Injuries include concussions and spinal cord damage that may cause paralysis. Most nervous system diseases can't be prevented, but many nervous system injuries can be prevented by following safe practices. Q: Diseases of this system include epilepsy, strokes, and alzheimer's disease Choices: - infectious system - circulatory system - endocrine system - nervous system A:
(A).
nervous system