Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Example Input: Context: Anorectal manometry provides objective information about anorectal function, but its results depend on the examiner's skill, the type of equipment, and subject characteristics like age or gender. This single institution, prospective study was performed to investigate the effect of gender and age on the results of anorectal manometry.", 'All included subjects completed a questionnaire to assess their bowel function. The survey included 13 validated questions (eight on constipation and five on incontinence) and was used to exclude subjects with pathological constipation or incontinence. Subjects with normal bowel function underwent anorectal manometry to measure anal sphincter length (ASL), maximum resting pressure (MRP), and maximum squeeze pressure (MSP), and the results were compared by gender and age.', 'The mean age of the 154 participants (94 male and 60 female) was 59.1 years. ASL was greater in men (4.23 vs. 3.85 cm, p<0.001). MRP was not significantly different according to gender (p=0.93), but MSP was higher in men (190.18 vs. 116.49 mmHg, p<0.001). ASL did not correlate with age (p=0.707). MRP was inversely related to age in both men (R (2)=0.152, p<0.001) and women (R (2)=0.282, p<0.001), and MSP only in women (R (2)=0.210, p<0.001).
Answer: Anorectal manometric parameters are influenced by gender and age. This should be taken into consideration when interpreting manometric readings in a clinical setting.
Example Output: Are anorectal manometric parameters influenced by gender and age in subjects with normal bowel function?

Example Input: Context: Brain structures underlying posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been a focus of imaging studies, but associations between treatment outcome and alterations in brain structures remain largely unexamined. We longitudinally examined the relation of structural changes in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC), a previously identified key region in the PTSD fear network, to outcome of prolonged exposure (PE) treatment.', 'The sample included 78 adults (53 women): 41 patients with PTSD and 37 trauma-exposed healthy volunteers (TE-HCs). Patients underwent a 10-week course of PE treatment and completed pre- and posttreatment assessments and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) structural scans. TE-HCs also underwent assessment and MRI at baseline and 10 weeks later. PE remitters (n=11), nonremitters (n=14), and TE-HCs, were compared at baseline on demographic and clinical characteristics and ACC structure. Remitters, nonremitters, and TE-HCs were compared for pre- to posttreatment clinical and structural ACC change, controlling for potential confounding variables.', 'There were no baseline differences in structure between PTSD and TE-HCs or remitters and nonremitters. Following treatment, PTSD remitters exhibited cortical thinning and volume decrease in the left rACC compared with PTSD nonremitters and TE-HCs.
Answer: These results, while in need of replication, suggest that PE treatment for PTSD, by extinguishing maladaptive trauma associations, may promote synaptic plasticity and structure change in rACC. Future research should explore possible underlying mechanisms.
Example Output: Does pTSD REMISSION AFTER PROLONGED EXPOSURE TREATMENT be ASSOCIATED WITH ANTERIOR CINGULATE CORTEX THINNING AND VOLUME REDUCTION?

Example Input: Context: Sophocarpine, a tetracyclic quinolizidine alkaloid derived from Sophora alopecuroides L., has been documented that it can suppress pro-inflammatory cytokines synthesis in alleviating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in vivo. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a pattern recognition receptor whose activation results in the production of several pro-inflammatory cytokines. It has been reported that TLR4 is upregulated in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of NASH. This study aimed to examine the changes of TLR4 and its signaling pathways in sophocarpine's anti-inflammatory process on experimental NASHin vitro.", 'Primary hepatocytes were isolated, and oleic acid-induced steatosis model was established. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was used to detect the number of metabolically active mitochondria and viable cells. Immunocytochemistry analysis was applied to evaluating pro-inflammatory cytokines synthesis. Total RNA and protein were extracted for real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot detection.', 'Enhanced expression of TLR4 was observed in oleic acid-induced steatotic hepatocytes. Sophocarpine suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines synthesis and reduced the expression of TLR4 in steatotic hepatocytes. Expression of TLR4 and pro-inflammatory cytokines recovered after sophocarpine was removed. Moreover, sophocarpine restrained the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-B), c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK), and Extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) signaling pathways in the anti-inflammatory process.
Answer: Sophocarpine could decrease the expression of TLR4 in steatotic hepatocytes and suppress pro-inflammatory cytokines synthesis. NF-B, JNK, and ERK signaling pathways were important workable downstream pathways.
Example Output:
Does sophocarpine attenuate toll-like receptor 4 in steatotic hepatocytes to suppress pro-inflammatory cytokines synthesis?