Problem: A tribe is viewed, developmentally or historically, as a social group existing before the development of nation states, or outside them. A tribe is a group of distinct people, dependent on their land for their livelihood, who are largely self-sufficient, and not integrated into the national society. It is perhaps the term most readily understood and used by the general public to describe such communities. Stephen Corry defines tribal people as those who "...have followed ways of life for many generations that are largely self-sufficient, and are clearly different from the mainstream and dominant society". This definition, however, would not apply to countries in the Middle East such as Iraq and Yemen, South Asia such as Afghanistan and many African countries such as South Sudan, where the entire population is a member of one tribe or another, and tribalism itself is dominant and mainstream.

There are an estimated one hundred and fifty million tribal individuals worldwide, constituting around forty percent of indigenous individuals. Although nearly all tribal people are indigenous, some are not indigenous to the areas where they now live.

The distinction between tribal and indigenous is important because tribal peoples have a special status acknowledged in international law. They often face particular issues in addition to those faced by the wider category of indigenous peoples.
1. what is a tribe viewed as
2. what is it a group of
3. what does corry define them as
4. are they self sufficient
5. how many are tribal
6. what percent are indigenous
7. are they in the middle east
8. are they a socail group
9. why is the distinction important
10. who is dependent on their land
11. are they faced with issues
12. do they have special status
13. when did they exist
14. is yemen included
15. is it view as historical
16. what about developmental
17. are tribes dependent on the land
18. are they different from the mainstream
19. who was existing before the development of nation states
20. what term discribes the comunities
Answer: 1. social group
2. distinct people
3. have followed ways of life for many generations
4. yes
5. one hundred and fifty million
6. forty percent
7. no
8. yes
9. have a special status acknowledged
10. A tribe
11. yes
12. yes
13. currently
14. no
15. yes
16. yes
17. yes
18. yes
19. A tribe
20. group of distinct people, dependent on their land for their livelihood

Q: Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, (; 13 October 19258 April 2013) was a British who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990. She was the longest-serving British prime minister of the 20th century and the first woman to have been appointed. A Soviet journalist dubbed her the "Iron Lady", a nickname that became associated with her uncompromising politics and leadership style. As Prime Minister, she implemented policies that have come to be known as Thatcherism.

A research chemist before becoming a barrister, Thatcher was elected Member of Parliament for Finchley in 1959. Edward Heath appointed her Secretary of State for Education and Science in his Conservative government. In 1975, Thatcher defeated Heath in the Conservative Party leadership election to become Leader of the Opposition and became the first woman to lead a major political party in the United Kingdom. She became Prime Minister after winning the 1979 general election.

On moving into , Thatcher introduced a series of political and economic initiatives intended to reverse high unemployment and Britain's struggles in the wake of the Winter of Discontent and an ongoing recession. Her political philosophy and economic policies emphasised deregulation (particularly of the financial sector), flexible labour markets, the privatisation of state-owned companies, and reducing the power and influence of trade unions. Thatcher's popularity during her first years in office waned amid recession and increasing unemployment, until victory in the 1982 Falklands War and the recovering economy brought a resurgence of support, resulting in her decisive re-election in 1983. She survived an assassination attempt in 1984.

Answer the following questions:
1. What was Thatcher's nickname?
2. Who dubbed her that?
3. What was her party?
4. When did she become Prime Minister?
5. And when did her term end?
6. What were her policies known as?
7. What was one of her professions before politics?
8. And another?
9. What was her first political position?
10. Was she a a baroness?
11. Who appointed her Secretary of State fo Education and Science?
12. And what did she do to him?
13. What was the emphasis of her political philosophy?
14. Which sector principally did she want to deregulate?
15. Did anyone ever try to assassinate her?
16. When?
17. What features of her first years caused her popularity to wane?
18. What caused it to resurge?
19. What happened in 1983?
20. Decisively?
A: 1. Iron Lady
2. A Soviet journalist
3. Conservative
4. 1979
5. 1990
6. Thatcherism
7. research chemist
8. barrister
9. Member of Parliament
10. Yes
11. Edward Heath
12. defeated him in the Conservative Party leadership electio
13. deregulation flexible labour markets, the privatisation of state-owned companies, and reducing the power and influence of trade unions.
14. financial sector
15. Yes
16. 1984
17. recession and increasing unemployment,
18. victory in the 1982 Falklands War
19. she was re-elected
20. Yes

Problem: John von Neumann (/vn nmn/; Hungarian: Neumann Janos Lajos, pronounced [njmn jano ljo]; December 28, 1903 February 8, 1957) was a Hungarian-American pure and applied mathematician, physicist, inventor, computer scientist, and polymath. He made major contributions to a number of fields, including mathematics (foundations of mathematics, functional analysis, ergodic theory, geometry, topology, and numerical analysis), physics (quantum mechanics, hydrodynamics, fluid dynamics and quantum statistical mechanics), economics (game theory), computing (Von Neumann architecture, linear programming, self-replicating machines, stochastic computing), and statistics.

He was a pioneer of the application of operator theory to quantum mechanics, in the development of functional analysis, a principal member of the Manhattan Project and the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton (as one of the few originally appointed), and a key figure in the development of game theory and the concepts of cellular automata, the universal constructor and the digital computer. He published 150 papers in his life; 60 in pure mathematics, 20 in physics, and 60 in applied mathematics. His last work, an unfinished manuscript written while in the hospital, was later published in book form as The Computer and the Brain.
1. What is the nationality of John von Neumann
2. When was he born
3. What does he do?
4. Was he member of Manhattan Project?
5. Did he publish any book?
6. Which book?
7. When did he die?
8. Where did he write his last work?
9. Did he write any book on maths
10. How many paper did he write then?
11. How about physics then?
12. Who develop the game theory?
13. How many paper did he publish in applied maths
14. What are the field at which he has a major contribution?
Answer:
1. Hungarian-American
2. 1903
3. Mathematician
4. yes
5. Yes
6. The Computer and the Brain.
7. 1957
8. In the hospital
9. No, only papers
10. 150
11. 20 in physics
12. von Neumann
13. 60
14. a number of fields