CHAPTER XIII. JAMES III.

James II. left three sons; the eldest, James III., aged nine, was crowned at Kelso (August 10, 1460); his brothers, bearing the titles of Albany and Mar, were not to be his supports. His mother, Mary of Gueldres, had the charge of the boys, and, as she was won over by her uncle, Philip of Burgundy, to the cause of the House of York, while Kennedy and the Earl of Angus stood for the House of Lancaster, there was strife between them and the queen-mother and nobles. Kennedy relied on France (Louis XL), and his opponents on England.

The battle of Towton (March 30, 1461) drove Henry VI. and his queen across the Border, where Kennedy entertained the melancholy exile in the Castle of St Andrews. The grateful Henry restored Berwick to the Scots, who could not hold it long. In June 1461, while the Scots were failing to take Carlisle, Edward IV. was crowned, and sent his adherent, the exiled Earl of Douglas, to treat for an alliance with the Celts, under John, Lord of the Isles, and that Donald Balloch who was falsely believed to have long before been slain in Ireland.

It is curious to think of the Lord of the Isles dealing as an independent prince, through a renegade Douglas, with the English king. A treaty was made at John's Castle of Ardtornish--now a shell of crumbling stone on the sea-shore of the Morvern side of the Sound of Mull--with the English monarch at Westminster. The Highland chiefs promise allegiance to Edward, and, if successful, the Celts are to recover the ancient kingdom from Caithness to the Forth, while Douglas is to be all-powerful from the Forth to the Border!

Now, provide a numbered list of answers to these questions:

1. When was Edward IV crowned?
2. What happened in March of 1461?
3. Who left three sons?
4. How old was Jame III?
5. When was he crowned?
6. What was his mother's name?
7. Who was her uncle?
8. What was made at John's Castle of Ardtonrish?
9. Is the castle in good shape now?
10. Where is it?
11. Who was one of James III's brothers?
12. And the other?
13. Who stood for the House of Lancaster?
14. And who else?
15. Who was sent to make an alliance with the Celts?
16. Who was incorrectly thought to be slain in Ireland?
17. Who did the Highland chiefs say they gave their alliance to?
18. What were the Celts supposed to find?
19. Who was going to be all-powerful?
20. What cause was the mother, Mary, won over to?

Numbered answers:
1. June 1461
2. The battle of Towton
3. James II
4. nine
5. August 10, 1460
6. Mary of Gueldres
7. Philip of Burgundy
8. a treaty
9. no
10. the sea-shore of the Morvern side of the Sound of Mull
11. Albany
12. Mar
13. the Earl of Angus
14. Kennedy
15. Earl of Douglas
16. Donald Balloch
17. Edward
18. the ancient kingdom from Caithness to the Forth
19. Douglas
20. the House of York