input: OPTIONS:
- solid mosaic model
- sensors mosaic model
- coolant mosaic model
- fluid mosaic model Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Fluid Mosaic Model In 1972, S. Singer and Garth L. Nicolson proposed a new model of the plasma membrane that, compared to earlier understanding, better explained both microscopic observations and the function of the plasma membrane. This was called the fluid mosaic model. The model has evolved somewhat over time, but still best accounts for the structure and functions of the plasma membrane as we now understand them. The fluid mosaic model describes the structure of the plasma membrane as a mosaic of componentsincluding phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydratesin which the components are able to flow and change position, while maintaining the basic integrity of the membrane. Both phospholipid molecules and embedded proteins are able to diffuse rapidly and laterally in the membrane. The fluidity of the plasma membrane is necessary for the activities of certain enzymes and transport molecules within the membrane. Plasma membranes range from 510 nm thick. As a comparison, human red blood cells, visible via light microscopy, are approximately 8 m thick, or approximately 1,000 times thicker than a plasma membrane. (Figure 3.18). Q: What model describes the structure of the plasma membrane as a mosaic of components? A:
A:
output: fluid mosaic model

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: What is the smallest unit of time commonly based on? A:

OPTIONS:
- hour
- millimeter
- minute
- second

Answer: second

Problem: OPTIONS:
- movement
- motion
- velocity
- speed
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Speed is the distance traveled divided by the time it took to travel that distance. Velocity is the instantaneous speed and direction. Average velocity is the displacement divided by the time. Q: What term is used to describe the distance traveled divided by the time it took to travel that distance? A:
Answer: speed

Problem:OPTIONS:
- symbiotic
- autosynonomys
- heterotrophic
- autotrophic

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Plants obtain food in two different ways. Autotrophic plants can make their own food from inorganic raw materials, such as carbon dioxide and water, through photosynthesis in the presence of sunlight. Green plants are included in this group. Some plants, however, are heterotrophic: they are totally parasitic and lacking in chlorophyll. These plants, referred to as holo-parasitic plants, are unable to synthesize organic carbon and draw all of their nutrients from the host plant. Plants may also enlist the help of microbial partners in nutrient acquisition. Particular species of bacteria and fungi have evolved along with certain plants to create a mutualistic symbiotic relationship with roots. This improves the nutrition of both the plant and the microbe. The formation of nodules in legume plants and mycorrhization can be considered among the nutritional adaptations of plants. However, these are not the only type of adaptations that we may find; many plants have other adaptations that allow them to thrive under specific conditions. Q: The group of plants that can make their own food from inorganic raw materials in the presence of sunlight are referred to as what? A:
****
A: autotrophic

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Energy Requirements Related to Levels of Activity The more active an animal is, the more energy is needed to maintain that activity, and the higher its BMR or SMR. The average daily rate of energy consumption is about two to four times an animal's BMR or SMR. Humans are more sedentary than most animals and have an average daily rate of only 1.5 times the BMR. The diet of an endothermic animal is determined by its BMR. For example: the type of grasses, leaves, or shrubs that an herbivore eats affects the number of calories that it takes in. The relative caloric content of herbivore foods, in descending order, is tall grasses > legumes > short grasses > forbs (any broad-leaved plant, not a grass) > subshrubs > annuals/biennials. Energy Requirements Related to Environment Animals adapt to extremes of temperature or food availability through torpor. Torpor is a process that leads to a decrease in activity and metabolism and allows animals to survive adverse conditions. Torpor can be used by animals for long periods, such as entering a state of hibernation during the winter months, in which case it enables them to maintain a reduced body temperature. During hibernation, ground squirrels can achieve an abdominal temperature of 0 C (32 F), while a bear's internal temperature is maintained higher at about 37 C (99 F). If torpor occurs during the summer months with high temperatures and little water, it is called estivation. Some desert animals use this to survive the harshest months of the year. Torpor can occur on a daily basis; this is seen in bats and hummingbirds. While endothermy is limited in smaller animals by surface to volume ratio, some organisms can be smaller and still be endotherms because they employ daily torpor during the part of the day that is coldest. This allows them to conserve energy during the colder parts of the day, when they consume more energy to maintain their body temperature. Q: Torpor, a process that leads to a decrease in activity and metabolism and allows animals to survive adverse conditions, includes what long winter 'sleep'? A:
OPTIONS:
- fermentation
- pollination
- relaxation
- hibernation
hibernation

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Temperature does not change during a phase change. The process of a liquid becoming a gas is called boiling; the process of a solid becoming a gas is called sublimation. Q: The process of a liquid becoming a gas is called boiling, while the process of a solid becoming a gas is called what? A:
OPTIONS:
- vaporization
- Boiling
- Melting
- sublimation

Answer:
sublimation