Information: - A department store or magazine is a retail establishment offering a wide range of consumer goods in different product categories known as "departments". In modern major cities, the department store made a dramatic appearance in the middle of the 19th century, and permanently reshaped shopping habits, and the definition of service and luxury. Similar developments were under way in London (with Whiteleys), in Paris ("Le Bon Marche" in 1852) and in New York (with Stewart's). - Massachusetts ; officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is the most populous state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the states of Connecticut and Rhode Island to the south, New Hampshire and Vermont to the north, and New York to the west. The state is named for the Massachusett tribe, which once inhabited the area. The capital of Massachusetts and the most populous city in New England is Boston. Over 80% of Massachusetts' population lives in the Greater Boston metropolitan area, a region influential upon American history, academia, and industry. Originally dependent on agriculture, fishing and trade, Massachusetts was transformed into a manufacturing center during the Industrial Revolution. During the 20th century, Massachusetts' economy shifted from manufacturing to services. Modern Massachusetts is a global leader in biotechnology, engineering, higher education, finance, and maritime trade. - Marvin Lee Minsky (August 9, 1927 January 24, 2016) was an American cognitive scientist concerned largely with research of artificial intelligence (AI), co-founder of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's AI laboratory, and author of several texts concerning AI and philosophy. - London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom, as well as the most populous city proper in the European Union. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain, London has been a major settlement for two millennia. It was founded by the Romans, who named it "Londinium". London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its medieval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, "London" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split between Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent, and Hertfordshire, which today largely makes up Greater London, governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly. - Oliver Gordon Selfridge ( 10 May 1926 -- 3 December 2008 ) was a pioneer of artificial intelligence . He has been called the '' Father of Machine Perception . '' Selfridge , born in England , was a grandson of Harry Gordon Selfridge , the founder of Selfridges department stores . His father was Harry Gordon Selfridge Jr. and his mother was a clerk at Selfridge 's store . His parents had met , fallen in love , married and had children all in secret , and Oliver never met his grandfather , Harry Sr. He was educated at Malvern College , and , upon moving to the U.S.A. , at Middlesex School in Concord , Massachusetts , before earning an S.B. from MIT in mathematics in 1945 . He then became a graduate student of Norbert Wiener 's at MIT , but did not write up his doctoral research and never earned a Ph.D. While at MIT , he acted as one of the earlier reviewers for Wiener 's Cybernetics book in 1949 . He was also technically a supervisor of Marvin Minsky , and helped organize the first ever public meeting on artificial intelligence ( AI ) with Minsky in 1955 . Selfridge wrote important early papers on neural networks and pattern recognition and machine learning , and his '' Pandemonium '' paper ( 1959 ) is generally recognized as a classic in artificial intelligence . In it , Selfridge introduced the notion of '' demons '' that record events as they occur , recognize patterns in those events , and may trigger subsequent events according to patterns they recognize . Over time , this idea gave rise to aspect - oriented programming . In 1968 , in their formative paper '' The Computer as a Communication Device '' , J. C. R. Licklider and Robert Taylor introduced a concept known as an OLIVER ( Online Interactive Expediter and Responder ) , which was named in honor of Selfridge . Selfridge spent his career at Lincoln Laboratory , MIT ( where he was Associate Director of Project MAC ) , Bolt , Beranek and Newman , and GTE Laboratories where he became Chief Scientist . He served on the NSA Advisory Board for 20 years ,... - Selfridges, also known as Selfridges & Co., is a chain of high end department stores in the United Kingdom. It was founded by Harry Gordon Selfridge. The flagship store on London's Oxford Street is the second largest shop in the UK (after Harrods) and opened 15 March 1909. Other Selfridges stores opened in the Trafford Centre (1998); Exchange Square (2002) in Manchester; and in the Bullring, Birmingham (2003). - Learning is the act of acquiring new, or modifying and reinforcing existing, knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, or preferences which may lead to a potential change in synthesizing information, depth of the knowledge, attitude or behavior relative to the type and range of experience. The ability to learn is possessed by humans, animals, plants and some machines. Progress over time tends to follow a learning curve. Learning does not happen all at once, but it builds upon and is shaped by previous knowledge. To that end, learning may be viewed as a process, rather than a collection of factual and procedural knowledge. Learning produces changes in the organism and the changes produced are relatively permanent. - The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1861 in response to the increasing industrialization of the United States, MIT adopted a European polytechnic university model and stressed laboratory instruction in applied science and engineering. Researchers worked on computers, radar, and inertial guidance during World War II and the Cold War. Post-war defense research contributed to the rapid expansion of the faculty and campus under James Killian. The current campus opened in 1916 and extends over along the northern bank of the Charles River basin. - Norbert Wiener (November 26, 1894 March 18, 1964) was an American mathematician and philosopher. He was a professor of mathematics at MIT. A famous child prodigy, Wiener later became an early researcher in stochastic and noise processes, contributing work relevant to electronic engineering, electronic communication, and control systems. - Malvern College is an independent coeducational day and boarding school in Malvern, Worcestershire, England. It is a public school in the British sense of the term and is a member of the Rugby Group and of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference. Since its foundation in 1865, it has remained on the same grounds, which are located near the town centre of Great Malvern. The campus, now covering some 250 acres (101 ha), is set against the backdrop of the Malvern Hills. - The Rugby Group is a group of 18 British independent schools. The group was formed in the 1960s as an association of major boarding schools within the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference. As with the Eton Group, which was formed a few years later, headmasters and heads of the academic departments meet annually in rotation to discuss matters of common interest. - Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence exhibited by machines. In computer science, an ideal "intelligent" machine is a flexible rational agent that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chance of success at some goal. Colloquially, the term "artificial intelligence" is applied when a machine mimics "cognitive" functions that humans associate with other human minds, such as "learning" and "problem solving". As machines become increasingly capable, mental facilities once thought to require intelligence are removed from the definition. For example, optical character recognition is no longer perceived as an exemplar of "artificial intelligence", having become a routine technology. Capabilities currently classified as AI include successfully understanding human speech, competing at a high level in strategic game systems (such as Chess and Go), self-driving cars, and interpreting complex data. Some people also consider AI a danger to humanity if it progresses unabatedly. - Intelligence has been defined in many different ways including as one's capacity for logic, understanding, self-awareness, learning, emotional knowledge, planning, creativity and problem solving. It can be more generally described as the ability to perceive information, and to retain it as knowledge to be applied towards adaptive behaviors within an environment or context. After reading the paragraphs above, we are interested in knowing the entity with which 'oliver selfridge' exhibits the relationship of 'educated at'. Find the answer from the choices below. Choices: - eton - learning - malvern college - massachusetts institute of technology - new york - researcher - today
The answer to this question is:
massachusetts institute of technology