Information: - Genghis Khan (often pronounced ; c. 1162 August 18, 1227), born Temujin, was the founder and Great Khan (Emperor) of the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his death. - The Arpads or Arpads (, , ) was the ruling dynasty of the Principality of Hungary in the 9th and 10th centuries and of the Kingdom of Hungary from 1000 to 1301. The dynasty was named after Grand Prince Arpad who was the head of the Hungarian tribal federation during the conquest of the Carpathian Basin, c.895. It is also referred to as the Turul dynasty, but rarely. - Kadan ( also Qadan ) was the son of the second Great Khan of the Mongols Ogedei and a concubine . He was the grandson of Genghis Khan and the brother of Guyuk Khan . During the Mongol invasion of Europe , Kadan , along with Baidar ( son of Chagatai Khan ) and Orda Khan ( the eldest brother of Batu Khan and khan of the White Horde ) , led the Mongol diversionary force that attacked Poland , while the main Mongol force struck the Kingdom of Hungary . In early 1241 , Kadan 's forces sacked the Polish towns of Lublin , Zawichost and Sandomierz . Kadan then attacked Masovia , while Baidar burned the evacuated Polish capital , Krakow and then Bytom , and Orda Khan ravaged the southwestern border of Lithuania and the Polish Baltic coast . The three leaders were then to attack the Silesian capital Breslau . Baidar began to besiege the town , but marched north with Kadan and Orda to Liegnitz to defeat the forces of Henry II the Pious , Duke of Silesia , before the Polish duke could join King Wenceslaus I of Bohemia . After defeating some forces of Konrad I of Masovia , Kadan 's forces joined with Baidar 's and Orda 's at Liegnitz . The Christian army was crushed in the ensuing Battle of Liegnitz of April 9 , 1241 . Mongol casualties were heavier than expected in the battle , however , and Kadan was reluctant to directly attack Wenceslaus ' Bohemian forces . Kadan and Baidar skirmished against the Bohemians and were able to prevent the Bohemian king from helping King Bela IV of Hungary . After raiding Moravia , the Mongol diversionary force went to Hungary . During the winter of 1241 - 1242 , Kadan sacked Buda on the way to Gyr . While besieging Italian mercenaries defending Szekesfehervar , Kadan was forced to withdraw his troops after an early thaw flooded the land around the town . The Mongol prince was then sent south with one tumen to search for Bela in Croatia . Kadan first sought the Hungarian king at Zagreb , which he sacked , and then pursued him into Dalmatia . While Bela hid at Trogir , Mongols under the... - The Battle of Legnica, also known as the Battle of Liegnitz or Battle of Wahlstatt, was a battle between the Mongol Empire and the combined defending forces of European fighters that took place at Legnickie Pole ("Wahlstatt") near the city of Legnica in the Silesia province of the Kingdom of Poland on 9 April 1241. - The Chagatai Khanate (Mongolian: "Tsagadaina Khaanat Ulus/ ") was a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate that comprised the lands ruled by Chagatai Khan, second son of Genghis Khan, and his descendants and successors. Initially it was a part of the Mongol Empire, but it became a functionally separate khanate with the fragmentation of the Mongol Empire after 1259. The Chagatai Khanate recognized the nominal supremacy of the Yuan dynasty in 1304, but became split into two parts in the mid-14th century: the Western Chagatai Khanate and the Moghulistan Khanate. - Mongolia (Mongolian: ["Monggol Ulus"] in Mongolian script; ["Mongol Uls"] in Mongolian Cyrillic) is a landlocked unitary sovereign state in East Asia. Its area is roughly equivalent with the historical territory of Outer Mongolia, and that term is sometimes used to refer to the current state. It is sandwiched between China to the south and Russia to the north. While it does not share a border with Kazakhstan, Mongolia is separated from it by only . - Baidar was the second son of Chagatai Khan. He participated in the European campaign ("The elder boys campaign" as it was known in Mongolia) with his nephew Buri from 1235-1241. He commanded the Mongol army assigned to Poland with Kadan and, probably, Orda Khan. - Batu Khan (, , ; c. 12071255), also known as Sain Khan ( , "Sain han") and Tsar Batu, was a Mongol ruler and founder of the Golden Horde, division of the Mongol Empire. Batu was a son of Jochi and grandson of Genghis Khan. His "ulus" was the chief state of the Golden Horde, which ruled Rus', Volga Bulgaria, Cumania, and the Caucasus for around 250 years, after also destroying the armies of Poland and Hungary. "Batu" or "Bat" literally means "firm" in the Mongolian language. After the deaths of Genghis Khan's sons, he became the most respected prince called "agha" (elder brother) in the Mongol Empire. - The Principality of Hungary or Duchy of Hungary (: "Hungarian Grand Principality") was the earliest documented Hungarian state in the Carpathian Basin, established 895 or 896, following the 9th century Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin. - The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed from the Middle Ages into the twentieth century (10001946 with the exception of 19181920). The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the coronation of the first king Stephen I at Esztergom in about the year 1000; his family (the Arpad dynasty) led the monarchy for 300years. By the 12th century, the kingdom became a European middle power within the Western world. - Kiev or Kyiv is the capital and largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper River. The population in July 2015 was (though higher estimated numbers have been cited in the press), making Kiev the 7th most populous city in Europe. - Chagatai Khan (Persian: : "Joghatai" , , "Tsagadai"; 22 December 1183 1 July 1242) was the second son of Genghis Khan. He was Khan of the Chagatai Khanate from 1226-1242 C.E. The Chagatai language and Chagatai Turks take their names from him. He inherited most of what are now the five Central Asian states after the death of his father. He was also appointed by Genghis Khan to oversee the execution of the Yassa, the written code of law created by Genghis Khan, though that lasted only until Genghis Khan was crowned Khan of the Mongol Empire. The Empire later came to be known as the Chagatai Khanate, a descendant empire of the Mongol Empire. Chagatai Khan was considered hot-headed and somewhat temperamental by his relatives, because of his attitude of non-acceptance of Jochi as Great Khan. He was the most vocal about this issue among his relations. Chaghatai himself appears to have been a just and energetic governor, though perhaps rough and uncouth, and addicted to hard drinking. At any rate, he was animated by the soldier-like spirit of his father, and succeeded in keeping order among as heterogeneous a population as a kingdom was ever composed of. - Guyuk (or Kuyuk; Mongolian Cyrillic: ) ("c". March 19 1206April 20 1248) was the third Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, the eldest son of Ogedei Khan and a grandson of Genghis Khan. He reigned from 1246 to 1248. - Arpad (845 907) was the head of the confederation of the Hungarian tribes at the turn of the 9th and 10thcenturies. He might have been either the sacred ruler or "kende" of the Hungarians, or their military leader or "gyula", although most details of his life are debated by historians, because different sources contain contradictory information. Despite this, many Hungarians refer to him as the "founder of our country", and Arpad's preeminent role in the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin has been emphasized by some later chronicles. The dynasty descending from Arpad ruled the Kingdom of Hungary until 1301. - The Mongol Empire (Mongolian: "Mongolyn Ezent Guren" ; Mongolian Cyrillic: also ("Horde") in Russian chronicles) existed during the 13th and 14th centuries and was the largest contiguous land empire in history. Originating in the steppes of Central Asia, the Mongol Empire eventually stretched from Central Europe to the Sea of Japan, extending northwards into Siberia, eastwards and southwards into the Indian subcontinent, Indochina, and the Iranian plateau, and westwards as far as the Levant and Arabia. - Volga Bulgaria or VolgaKama Bulghar was a historic Bulgar state that existed between the seventh and thirteenth centuries around the confluence of the Volga and Kama rivers, in what is now European Russia. - The Mongols ("Mongolchuud") are an East-Central Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia and China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. They also live as minorities in other regions of China (e.g. Xinjiang), as well as in Russia. Mongolian people belonging to the Buryat and Kalmyk subgroups live predominantly in the Russian federal subjects of Buryatia and Kalmykia. - The Battle of Mohi (today Muhi), also known as Battle of the Sajo River or Battle of the Tisza River (11 April 1241), was the main battle between the Mongol Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary during the Mongol invasion of Europe. It took place at Muhi, southwest of the Sajo River. After the invasion, Hungary lay in ruins. Nearly half of the inhabited places had been destroyed by the invading armies. Around 1525 percent of the population was lost, mostly in lowland areas, especially in the Great Hungarian Plain, the southern reaches of the Hungarian plain in the area now called the Banat and in southern Transylvania. - In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: classical antiquity, the medieval period, and the modern period. The medieval period is itself subdivided into the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages. - Orda Ichen (Lord Orda, ("Ord ezen")) was a Mongol Khan and military strategist who ruled eastern part of the Golden Horde (division of the Mongol Empire) during the 13th century. - The Mongol invasion of Europe in the 13th century was the military effort by an Asian power, the Mongols, to invade and conquer Europe. It involved the severe and rampant destruction of East Slavic principalities and major cities, such as Kiev and Vladimir. Mongol invasions also affected Central Europe, warring with the Kingdom of Hungary (in the Battle of Mohi) and causing the fragmentation of Poland (in the Battle of Legnica). - Yasser (alternatively: "Yasa", "Yasaq", "Jazag", "Zasag", Mongolian: , "Yehe Zasag") was a secret written code of law created by Genghis Khan. The word Yassa translates into "order" or "decree". It was the "de facto" law of the Mongol Empire even though the "law" was kept secret and never made public. The Yassa seems to have its origin as decrees issued in war times. Later, these decrees were codified and expanded to include cultural and life-style conventions. By keeping the Yassa secret, the decrees could be modified and used selectively. It is believed that the Yassa was supervised by Genghis Khan himself and his stepbrother Shihihutag who was then high judge (in Mongolian: " ") of the Mongol Empire. Genghis Khan appointed his second son Chagatai (later Chagatai Khan) to oversee the execution of the laws. - Central Asia or Middle Asia is the core region of the Asian continent and stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to China in the east and from Afghanistan in the south to Russia in the north. It is also colloquially referred to as "the 'stans" (as the six countries generally considered to be within the region all have names ending with the Persian suffix "-stan", meaning "land of") and is within the scope of the wider Eurasian continent. - A monarchy is a form of government in which a group, usually a family called the dynasty, embodies the country's national identity and one of its members, called the monarch, exercises a role of sovereignty. The actual power of the monarch may vary from purely symbolic (crowned republic), to partial and restricted ("constitutional" monarchy), to completely autocratic ("absolute" monarchy). Traditionally and in most cases, the monarch's post is inherited and lasts until death or abdication, but there are also elective monarchies where the monarch is elected. Each of these has variations: in some elected monarchies only those of certain pedigrees are, whereas many hereditary monarchies impose requirements regarding the religion, age, gender, mental capacity, and other factors. Occasionally this might create a situation of rival claimants whose legitimacy is subject to effective election. Finally, there have been cases where the term of a monarch's reign is either fixed in years or continues until certain goals are achieved: an invasion being repulsed, for instance. Thus there are widely divergent structures and traditions defining monarchy. Monarchy was the most common form of government until the 19th century, but it is no longer prevalent. Where it exists, it is now usually a constitutional monarchy, in which the monarch retains a unique legal and ceremonial role, but exercises limited or no official political power: under the written or unwritten constitution, others have governing authority. Currently, 47 sovereign nations in the world have monarchs acting as heads of state, 19 of which are Commonwealth realms that recognise Queen Elizabeth II as their head of state. All European monarchies are constitutional ones, with the exception of the Vatican City which is an elective monarchy, but sovereigns in the smaller states exercise greater political influence than in the larger. The monarchs of Cambodia, Japan, and Malaysia "reign, but do not rule" although there is considerable variation in the degree of... - The Golden Horde ("Altan Ordn uls" "Altn Urda") was a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate established in the 13th century and originating as the northwestern sector of the Mongol Empire. With the fragmentation of the Mongol Empire after 1259 it became a functionally separate khanate. It is also known as the Kipchak Khanate or as the Ulus of Jochi. - Ogedei Khan, born Ogedei (also Ogodei; Mongolian: ; Chinese: : 7 November 1186 11 December 1241), was the third son of Genghis Khan and second Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, succeeding his father. He continued the expansion of the empire that his father had begun, and was a world figure when the Mongol Empire reached its farthest extent west and south during the Mongol invasions of Europe and East Asia. Like all of Genghis' primary sons, he participated extensively in conquests in China, Iran, and Central Asia. - The Mongolian language (in Mongolian script: , '; in Mongolian Cyrillic: , ') is the official language of Mongolia and largest-known member of the Mongolic language family. The number of speakers across all its dialects may be 10 million, including the vast majority of the residents of Mongolia and many of the Mongolian residents of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. In Mongolia, the Khalkha dialect, written in Cyrillic (and at times in Latin for social networking), is predominant, while in Inner Mongolia, the language is dialectally more diverse and is written in the traditional Mongolian script. In the discussion of grammar to follow, the variety of Mongolian treated is Standard Khalkha Mongolian (i.e., the standard written language as formalized in the writing conventions and in the school grammar), but much of what is to be said is also valid for vernacular (spoken) Khalkha and for other Mongolian dialects, especially Chakhar. - Hungary is a unitary parliamentary republic in Central Europe. It covers an area of , situated in the Carpathian Basin and bordered by Slovakia to the north, Romania to the east, Serbia to the south, Croatia to the southwest, Slovenia to the west, Austria to the northwest, and Ukraine to the northeast. With about 10 million inhabitants, Hungary is a medium-sized member state of the European Union. The official language is Hungarian, which is the most widely spoken Uralic language in the world. Hungary's capital and largest metropolis is Budapest, a significant economic hub, classified as an Alpha- global city. Major urban areas include Debrecen, Szeged, Miskolc, Pecs and Gyr. - Esztergom (, , , known by ), is a city in northern Hungary, northwest of the capital Budapest. It lies in Komarom-Esztergom county, on the right bank of the river Danube, which forms the border with Slovakia there. What entity does 'kadan' has the relation 'country of citizenship' with?
The answer to this question is:
mongol empire