Problem: Article: A speaker's impedance varies with frequency, so you'll need a tool that allows you to send out a sine wave at any given frequency. An audio frequency oscillator is the most accurate option. Any signal generator or function generator with a sine wave or sweep function will work, but some models may give inaccurate results due to changing voltages or poor sine wave approximation. If you are new to audio tests or DIY electronics, consider audio testing tools that connect to a computer. These are often less accurate, but novices may appreciate the auto-generated graphs and data. Look for the power on the amp label or spec sheet in watts RMS. Higher power amplifiers produce more accurate measurements with this test. This test is part of a standard series of tests to measure the "Thiele-Small parameters." All of these tests were designed for low voltages. Lower the gain on your amp while a voltmeter set to AC voltage is connected to the amp's output terminals. Ideally the voltmeter should read somewhere between 0.5 and 1 V, but if you don't have sensitive tools, just set it to below 10 volts. Some amps produce inconsistent voltage at low frequencies, which is a common source of inaccuracy in this test. For best results, check with the voltmeter to make sure the voltage stays constant as you adjust the frequency using the sine wave generator. Use the highest quality multimeter you can afford. The inexpensive models tend to be less accurate for the measurements later in this test. It may help to purchase higher quality multimeter leads at an electronics store. Find the power rating (in watts RMS) closest to your amplifier's on the list below. Choose a resistor with the recommended resistance, and the listed wattage rating or higher. The resistance doesn't need to be exact, but if it's too high, you may clip the amplifier and disrupt the test. Too low, and your results will be less accurate. 100W amp: 2.7k resistor rated to at least 0.50W 90W amp: 2.4k , 0.50W 65W amp: 2.2k , 0.50W 50W amp: 1.8k , 0.50W 40W amp: 1.6k , 0.25W 30W amp: 1.5k , 0.25W 20W amp: 1.2k , 0.25W . This may vary slightly from the printed resistance. Write down the measured value. Hook the speaker up to the amplifier, with the resistor between them. This creates a constant current source powering the speaker. Wind or reflected sound waves could disrupt this sensitive test. At minimum, keep the speaker magnet side down (cone up), in a windless area. If high accuracy is required, bolt the speaker to an open frame, with no solid objects within 2 ft (61 cm) in any direction. Using Ohm's Law (I = V / R or current = voltage / resistance), calculate the current and write it down. Use the resistor's measured resistance for R. For example, if the resistor has a measured resistance of 1230 ohms, and the voltage source is 10 volts, the current I = 10/1230 = 1/123 amps. You can leave this as a fraction to avoid rounding errors. Set the sine wave generator to a frequency at the mid or upper range of the speaker's intended use. (100 Hz is a good starting point for bass units.) Place an AC voltmeter across the speaker. Adjust the frequency downward about 5 Hz at a time, until you see the voltage rise sharply. Tweak the frequency back and forth until you find the frequency where the voltage is highest. This is the resonance frequency of the speaker in "free air" (an enclosure and surrounding objects will change this). You can use an oscilloscope instead of a voltmeter. In this case, find the voltage associated with the greatest amplitude. You can substitute impedance Z for resistance in Ohm's Law. Calculate Z = V / I to find the impedance at resonance frequency. This should be the maximum impedance your speaker will encounter in the intended audio range. For example, if I = 1/123 amps and the voltmeter measures 0.05V (or 50mV), then Z = (0.05) / (1/123) = 6.15 ohms. To find the impedance across the speaker's intended frequency range, adjust the sine wave in small increments. Record the voltage at each frequency, and use the same calculation (Z = V / I) to find the speaker's impedance at each frequency. You may find a second peak, or the impedance may be fairly steady once you get away from the resonance frequency.
Summary: Get a tool that generates a sine wave. Connect the tool to an amplifier input. Set the amp to a low voltage. Choose a high value resistor. Measure the exact resistance of the resistor Connect the resistor and speaker in series. Keep the speaker away from obstructions. Calculate the current. Adjust the frequency to find the resonance peak. Calculate the impedance at resonance. Calculate impedance for other frequencies.

Problem: Article: You'll usually find this app in the Start menu (PC) or in the Applications folder (Mac), indicated by a blue icon with a white "W" in it. If you don't want to customize your own booklet, you can start with one of the booklet templates built into Word. To do this, click the File menu, select New, type booklet into the search bar, press Enter, select a booklet template, and then click the Create button to set up your template. This will pull up different options for formatting how the pages in your Word document will be displayed when you print them. This appears in the bottom-right corner of the Page Setup dialog box under the Layout tab. This changes the layout to landscape (wide) mode with a split down the middle. The page options appear in the "Sheets per booklet" menu. Note that if you choose a page number too small to print all of your text, then you'll have to change the selection to All in order to have all the content visible on your computer screen printed. The "Gutter" menu, which is near the top-left corner of the window, determines the amount of space that will be available where the booklet will fold. As you increase or decrease the gutter, the preview image near the bottom will update to show you the results. It's near the bottom of the window. Now that your document is laid out like a booklet, you can add your own text, images, and custom formatting. If you're new to Microsoft Word, check out How to Format a Word Document to learn how to customize your text, add graphics, and position content as you desire. If you're using a template, see How to Use Document Templates in Microsoft Word to learn how to customize its pre-formatted content. You'll usually want to edit the placeholder information anywhere it appears. To do so: Click the File menu at the top-left corner. Select Save As. Select a save location. If you want to save this file as a template you can edit for future products, select the Template option from the "Save as type" or "Format" drop-down. Otherwise, keep the default setting (.docx) selected. Name the file and click Save.
Summary:
Open Microsoft Word. Click the Layout tab. Click on the Multiple pages drop-down arrow. Select Book fold from the Pages menu. Select the number of pages for your booklet. Adjust the Gutter size. Click OK to save your changes. Add content to your booklet. Save your booklet.