Please answer the following question: Information: - Vomiting, also known as emesis and throwing up, among other terms, is the involuntary, forceful expulsion of the contents of one's stomach through the mouth and sometimes the nose. Vomiting can be caused by a wide variety of conditions; it may present as a specific response to ailments like gastritis or poisoning, or as a non-specific sequela of disorders ranging from brain tumors and elevated intracranial pressure to overexposure to ionizing radiation. The feeling that one is about to vomit is called nausea, which often precedes, but does not always lead to, vomiting. Antiemetics are sometimes necessary to suppress nausea and vomiting. In severe cases, where dehydration develops, intravenous fluid may be required. - An emergency department (ED), also known as an accident & emergency department (A&E), emergency room (ER) or casualty department, is a medical treatment facility specializing in emergency medicine, the acute care of patients who present without prior appointment; either by their own means or by that of an ambulance. The emergency department is usually found in a hospital or other primary care center. - A hospital is a health care institution providing patient treatment with specialized medical and nursing staff and medical equipment. The best-known type of hospital is the general hospital, which typically has an emergency department to treat urgent health problems ranging from fire and accident victims to a heart attack. A district hospital typically is the major health care facility in its region, with large numbers of beds for intensive care and additional beds for patients who need long-term care. Specialised hospitals include trauma centres, rehabilitation hospitals, children's hospitals, seniors' (geriatric) hospitals, and hospitals for dealing with specific medical needs such as psychiatric treatment (see psychiatric hospital) and certain disease categories. Specialised hospitals can help reduce health care costs compared to general hospitals. - Acidosis is an increased acidity in the blood and other body tissue (i.e. an increased hydrogen ion concentration). If not further qualified, it usually refers to acidity of the blood plasma. - Blood plasma is a straw colored liquid component of blood that normally holds the blood cells in whole blood in suspension; this makes plasma the extracellular matrix of blood cells. It makes up about 55% of the body's total blood volume. It is the intravascular fluid part of extracellular fluid (all body fluid outside of cells). It is mostly water (up to 95% by volume), and contains dissolved proteins (68%) (i.e.serum albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen), glucose, clotting factors, electrolytes (Na, Ca, Mg, HCO, Cl, etc.), hormones, carbon dioxide (plasma being the main medium for excretory product transportation) and oxygen. Plasma also serves as the protein reserve of the human body. It plays a vital role in an intravascular osmotic effect that keeps electrolytes in balanced form and protects the body from infection and other blood disorders. - Ethylene glycol poisoning is caused by the ingestion of ethylene glycol , the primary ingredient in automotive antifreeze . Ethylene glycol is a toxic , colorless , odorless , almost nonvolatile liquid with a sweet taste that is sometimes accidentally consumed by children and animals due to its sweetness . Following ingestion the symptoms of poisoning progress from signs similar to intoxication and vomiting ; to hyperventilation , metabolic acidosis , and cardiovascular dysfunction ; and finally acute kidney failure . The major cause of toxicity is not the ethylene glycol itself but its metabolites , mainly glycolic acid and oxalic acid . Treatment for antifreeze poisoning needs to be started as soon after ingestion as possible to be effective ; the earlier treatment is started , the greater the chance of survival . Once kidney failure develops in dogs and cats , the prognosis is poor . Poisoning is relatively common , and due to its taste , children , domestic animals and wildlife sometimes consume the substance . Denatonium benzoate , a bitterant , is sometimes added to antifreeze products to discourage accidental or deliberate ingestion . Medical diagnosis of poisoning is most reliably done by measuring ethylene glycol in the blood . However , many hospitals do not have the facilities to perform this test and need to rely on abnormalities in the body 's biochemistry to diagnose poisoning , such as calcium oxalate crystals present in the urine . Treatment consists of initially stabilizing the patient , followed by the use of antidotes . The antidotes used are either ethanol or fomepizole ( Antizol ) . The antidotes work by blocking the enzyme responsible for metabolizing ethylene glycol and therefore halt the progression of poisoning . Hemodialysis is also used to help remove ethylene glycol and its metabolites from the blood . As long as medical treatment is undertaken , the prognosis is generally good with most patients making a full recovery . - A brain tumor or intracranial neoplasm occurs when abnormal cells form within the brain. There are two main types of tumors: malignant or cancerous tumors and benign tumors. Cancerous tumors can be divided into primary tumors that start within the brain, and secondary tumors that have spread from somewhere else, known as brain metastasis tumors. All types of brain tumors may produce symptoms that vary depending on the part of the brain involved. These symptoms may include headaches, seizures, problem with vision, vomiting, and mental changes. The headache is classically worse in the morning and goes away with vomiting. More specific problems may include difficulty in walking, speaking, and with sensation. As the disease progresses unconsciousness may occur. The cause of most brain tumors is unknown. Uncommon risk factors include inherited neurofibromatosis, exposure to vinyl chloride, EpsteinBarr virus, and ionizing radiation. The evidence for mobile phones is not clear. The most common types of primary tumors in adults are meningiomas (usually benign), and astrocytomas such as glioblastomas. In children, the most common type is a malignant medulloblastoma. Diagnosis is usually by medical examination along with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. This is then often confirmed by a biopsy. Based on the findings, the tumors are divided into different grades of severity. Treatment may include some combination of surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Anticonvulsant medication may be needed if seizures occur. Dexamethasone and furosemide may be used to decrease swelling around the tumor. Some tumors grow gradually, requiring only monitoring and possibly needing no further intervention. Treatments that use a person's immune system are being studied. Outcome varies considerably depending on the type of tumor and how far it has spread at diagnosis. Glioblastomas usually have poor outcomes while meningiomas usually have good outcomes. The average five-year survival rate for brain cancer in the... After reading the paragraphs above, we are interested in knowing the entity with which 'ethylene glycol poisoning' exhibits the relationship of 'medical specialty'. Find the answer from the choices below. Choices: - emergency medicine - infection - surgery
A:
emergency medicine