Please answer the following question: Information: - Semiconductors are crystalline or amorphous solids with distinct electrical characteristics. They are of high electrical resistance higher than typical resistance materials, but still of much lower resistance than insulators. Their resistance decreases as their temperature increases, which is behavior opposite to that of a metal. Finally, their conducting properties may be altered in useful ways by the deliberate, controlled introduction of impurities ("doping") into the crystal structure, which lowers its resistance but also permits the creation of semiconductor junctions between differently-doped regions of the extrinsic semiconductor crystal. The behavior of charge carriers which include electrons, ions and electron holes at these junctions is the basis of diodes, transistors and all modern electronics. - An American comic book is a thin (typically 32-page) periodical containing primarily comics content. - Gwendolyne Maxine "Gwen" Stacy is a fictional character who appears in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, usually as a supporting character in those featuring Spider-Man. A college student, she was a long-term romantic interest for Peter Parker before she was murdered by the Green Goblin. Spider-Man writers and fans often debate whether Peter's "one true love" is Gwen Stacy, or Mary Jane Watson (Peter's later girlfriend and wife). Stories published long after her death indicate that Gwen still holds a special place in his heart. - Minneapolis is the county seat of Hennepin County, and larger of the Twin Cities, the 16th-largest metropolitan area in the United States, containing about 3.5 million residents. As of 2015, Minneapolis is the largest city in the state of Minnesota and 46th-largest in the United States with a population of 410,939. Minneapolis and Saint Paul anchor the second-largest economic center in the Midwest, after Chicago. - Mechanics (Greek ) is an area of science concerned with the behaviour of physical bodies when subjected to forces or displacements, and the subsequent effects of the bodies on their environment. The scientific discipline has its origins in Ancient Greece with the writings of Aristotle and Archimedes (see History of classical mechanics and Timeline of classical mechanics). During the early modern period, scientists such as Khayaam, Galileo, Kepler, and Newton, laid the foundation for what is now known as classical mechanics. It is a branch of classical physics that deals with particles that are either at rest or are moving with velocities significantly less than the speed of light. It can also be defined as a branch of science which deals with the motion of and forces on objects. - In electronics, a diode is a two-terminal electronic component that conducts primarily in one direction (asymmetric conductance); it has low (ideally zero) resistance to the flow of current in one direction, and high (ideally infinite) resistance in the other. A semiconductor diode, the most common type today, is a crystalline piece of semiconductor material with a pn junction connected to two electrical terminals. A vacuum tube diode has two electrodes, a plate (anode) and a heated cathode. Semiconductor diodes were the first semiconductor electronic devices. The discovery of crystals' rectifying abilities was made by German physicist Ferdinand Braun in 1874. The first semiconductor diodes, called cat's whisker diodes, developed around 1906, were made of mineral crystals such as galena. Today, most diodes are made of silicon, but other semiconductors such as selenium or germanium are sometimes used. - Famous Funnies is an American publication of the 1930s that represents what popular culture historians consider the first true American comic book, following seminal precursors. - The University of Minnesota system is a university system with several coordinate campuses spread throughout the U.S. state of Minnesota. There are five primary campuses in the Twin Cities, Duluth, Crookston, Morris, and Rochester. A campus was open in Waseca, but was closed and converted into a federal prison for women. The university also operates several research facilities around the state, including some large tracts of land. The University of Minnesota Twin Cities and the Crookston, Duluth, and Morris coordinate campuses are accredited by the Higher Learning Commission (HLC) of the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools. The other public system of higher education in the state is the larger Minnesota State Colleges and Universities System (MnSCU). - Saint Paul (abbreviated St. Paul) is the capital and second-most populous city of the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2015, the city's estimated population was 300,851. Saint Paul is the county seat of Ramsey County, the smallest and most densely populated county in Minnesota. The city lies mostly on the east bank of the Mississippi River in the area surrounding its point of confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Minneapolis, the state's largest city. Known as the "Twin Cities", the two form the core of MinneapolisSaint Paul, the 16th-largest metropolitan area in the United States, with about 3.52 million residents. - A comic book or comicbook, also called comic magazine or simply comic, is a publication that consists of comic art in the form of sequential juxtaposed panels that represent individual scenes. Panels are often accompanied by brief descriptive prose and written narrative, usually dialog contained in word balloons emblematic of the comics art form. Although some origins in 18th century Japan and 1830s Europe, comic books were first popularized in the United States during the 1930s. The first modern comic book, "Famous Funnies", was released in the United States in 1933 and was a reprinting of earlier newspaper humor comic strips, which had established many of the story-telling devices used in comics. The term "comic book" derives from American comic books once being a compilation of comic strips of a humorous tone; however, this practice was replaced by featuring stories of all genres, usually not humorous in tone. - James Kakalios ( born 1958 ) is a physics professor at the University of Minnesota . Known within the scientific community for his work with amorphous semiconductors , granular materials , and 1/f noise , he is known to the general public as the author of the book The Physics of Superheroes , which considers comic book superheroes from the standpoint of fundamental physics . Kakalios , who earned PhD from the University of Chicago in 1985 , began his comic book collection as a graduate student as a way to relieve stress . At Minnesota , he taught a freshman seminar that focused on the physics of superheroes as a way to motivate students to think about physics . This course gained great popularity as an enticing alternative to the typical inclined planes and pulleys of physics . The seminar was a great success , leading to articles in popular magazines including People , lectures on the subject , and publication of The Physics of Superheroes . In his talks , favorite examples are the death of Gwen Stacy ( Spider - Man 's girlfriend ) , '' can Superman jump over tall buildings and what does this tell us about Krypton ? '' , the high - velocity actions of The Flash , and the shrinking problem of the Atom . His analysis of Gwen Stacy 's death eventually became integral to the plot of a new Spider - Man comic . Kakalios is of the opinion that the most unrealistic aspect of the comic - book universe is often the sociology . He notes that pedestrians do not usually provide running monologues describing everything around them . There is one aspect of the story of the Atom that he does not question , however . The Atom begins as a physics professor , who encounters a chunk of white dwarf star and picks it up . '' By a conservative estimate , he is lifting about 5000 metric tons . This is not unreasonable . We physics professors are just that strong . '' He provides content on the DVD of the film Watchmen . Under extras , he is filmed discussing the physics of superheroes . Kakalios has been nominated by the University... - The Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education is a framework for classifying colleges and universities in the United States. The framework primarily serves educational and research purposes, where it is often important to identify groups of roughly comparable institutions. The classification includes all accredited, degree-granting colleges and universities in the United States that are represented in the National Center for Education Statistics Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS). - The Terascale Open-source Resource and QUEue Manager (TORQUE) is a distributed resource manager providing control over batch jobs and distributed compute nodes. TORQUE can integrate with the non-commercial Maui Cluster Scheduler or the commercial Moab Workload Manager to improve overall utilization, scheduling and administration on a cluster. - The Physics of Superheroes is a popular science book by physics professor and long-time comic-book fan James Kakalios. First published in 2005, it explores the basic laws of physics. Kakalios does not set out to show where the world of superheroes contradicts modern science, granting the heroes one or more "miracle exceptions" from natural law. Instead, he focuses on examples of comic book scenes that can be used to understand the diverse laws of physics from an unusual angle, such as Gwen Stacy's death and Ant-Man's ability to punch his way out of a paper bag. Kakalios relates these elements of comic books to principles of physics, such as levers and torque, and in this way covers diverse topics, from mechanics to the quantum world. - Ant-Man is the name of several fictional superheroes appearing in books published by Marvel Comics. Created by Stan Lee, Larry Lieber and Jack Kirby, Ant-Man's first appearance was in "Tales to Astonish" #27 (January 1962). The persona was originally the superhero alias of the brilliant scientist Hank Pym after inventing a substance that allowed him to change size; however, Scott Lang and Eric O'Grady have also taken on the Ant-Man mantle. - The University of Minnesota Twin Cities (Minnesota; locally known as the U of M or simply the U) is a public research university in Minneapolis and Saint Paul, Minnesota. The Minneapolis and St. Paul campuses are approximately apart, and the Saint Paul campus is actually in neighboring Falcon Heights. It is the oldest and largest campus within the University of Minnesota system and has the sixth-largest main campus student body in the United States, with 51,147 students in 201314. The university is organized into 19 colleges and schools, with sister campuses in Crookston, Duluth, Morris, and Rochester. UMN is categorized as an R1 Doctoral University with the highest research activity in the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education. What is the relationship between 'james kakalios' and 'physicist'?
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occupation