Premise:
"Old man, said Adrin."
Hypothesis: The old man was coming to attack the village.

it is not possible to tell

Premise:
"Compared to the deficits of recent decades, today's surplus represents a historic turnaround, and current projections show surpluses continuing over the 10year budget window, as figure 13 illustrates."
Hypothesis: It is possible that there might be surpluses in the next 10 years.

yes

Premise:
"One solution being proposed, for instance, would take some landing and takeoff slots at major airports away from the industry giants and auction them off to smaller, low-fare airlines."
Hypothesis: One solution was to take slots at airports away from the small airlines.
no