Question: Standardization or standardisation is the process of implementing and developing technical standards based on the consensus of different parties that include firms, users, interest groups, standards organizations and governments Standardization can help to maximize , interoperability, safety, repeatability, or quality. It can also facilitate commoditization of formerly custom processes. In social sciences, including economics, the idea of "standardization" is close to the solution for a coordination problem, a situation in which all parties can realize mutual gains, but only by making mutually consistent decisions. This view includes the case of "spontaneous standardization processes", to produce de facto standards.

Standard weights and measures were developed by the Indus Valley Civilisation. The centralised weight and measure system served the commercial interest of Indus merchants as smaller weight measures were used to measure luxury goods while larger weights were employed for buying bulkier items, such as food grains etc. Weights existed in multiples of a standard weight and in categories. Technical standardisation enabled gauging devices to be effectively used in angular measurement and measurement for construction. Uniform units of length were used in the planning of towns such as Lothal, Surkotada, Kalibangan, Dolavira, Harappa, and Mohenjo-daro. The weights and measures of the Indus civilisation also reached Persia and Central Asia, where they were further modified. Shigeo Iwata describes the excavated weights unearthed from the Indus civilisation: 1. who developed standard weights and measures?
2. how many towns were planned?
3. how many start with the letter m?
4. name a few of the towns
5. what is the process of developing different technical standards?
6. who excavated weights?
7. what person unearthed the weights?
8. what can standardization help maximize?
9. what else can it maximize?
10. can it help maximize quality?
11. how many things does it maximize in total? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers: 1. the Indus Valley Civilisation.
2. Six
3. One
4. Lothal, Surkotada, Kalibangan,
5. Standardization
6. the Indus civilisation:
7. . Shigeo Iwata
8. interoperability,
9. safety,
10. Yes
11. Four

Question: CHAPTER XIV.

HENRY III., OF WINCHESTER. A.D. 1216--1272.

King John left two little sons, Henry and Richard, nine and seven years old, and all the English barons felt that they would rather have Henry as their king than the French Louis, whom they had only called in because John was such a wretch. So when little Henry had been crowned at Gloucester, with his mother's bracelet, swearing to rule according to Magna Carta, and good Hubert de Burgh undertook to govern for him, one baron after another came back to him. Louis was beaten in a battle at Lincoln; and when his wife sent him more troops, Hubert de Burgh got ships together and sunk many vessels, and drove the others back in the Straits of Dover; so that Louis was forced to go home and leave England in peace.

Henry must have been too young to understand about Magna Carta when he swore to it, but it was the trouble of all his long reign to get him to observe it. It was not that he was wicked like his father-- for he was very religious and kind-hearted--but he was too good- natured, and never could say No to anybody. Bad advisers got about him when he grew up, and persuaded him to let them take good Hubert de Burgh and imprison him. He had taken refuge in a church, but they dragged him out and took him to a blacksmith to have chains put on his feet; the smith however said he would never forge chains for the man who had saved his country from the French. De Burgh was afterwards set free, and died in peace and honor. 1. Who died with peace and honor?
2. Who were King John's sons?
3. Were they older
4. How old were they?
5. Who was beaten at a battle at Lincoln?
6. Who sent him more troops?
7. Who was too little to comprehend the Magna Carta?
8. Who was he talked into imprisoning?
9. Where did they drag him out of?
10. Did they tie his feet with rope?
11. What did they put on his feet?
12. Who was crowned at Gloucester?
13. Why did the barons call the French Louis?
14. Who got ships together and downed a lot of other ships?
15. What was Louis forced to do then?
16. Who was super religious and had a good heart?
17. Did he ever say No to anyone?
18. What did the blacksmith say he would never do?
19. What was little Henry crowned with?
20. What did he swear to rule by? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers: 1. De Burgh
2. Henry and Richard
3. no
4. nine and seven years old
5. Louis
6. his wife
7. Henry
8. Hubert de Burgh
9. a church where he had taken refuge
10. no
11. he was taken to a blacksmith to have chains put on his feet
12. little Henry
13. because John was such a wretch
14. Hubert de Burgh
15. he was forced to go home and leave England in peace
16. Henry
17. no
18. forge chains for the man who had saved his country from the French
19. his mother's bracelet
20. the Magna Carta,

Question: CHAPTER XIII

Intense excitement instantly reigned. Their suspense over, the crowd cheered again and again, shook hands with one another, and flung their caps into the air. Everyone was delighted, for everyone was fond of Tell and Walter. It also pleased them to see the Governor disappointed. He had had things his own way for so long that it was a pleasant change to see him baffled in this manner. Not since Switzerland became a nation had the meadow outside the city gates been the scene of such rejoicings.

Walter had picked up the apple with the arrow piercing it, and was showing it proudly to all his friends.

"I told you so," he kept saying; "I knew father wouldn't hurt me. Father's the best shot in all Switzerland."

"That was indeed a shot!" exclaimed Ulric the smith; "it will ring through the ages. While the mountains stand will the tale of Tell the bowman be told."

Rudolph der Harras took the apple from Walter and showed it to Gessler, who had been sitting transfixed on his horse.

"See," he said, "the arrow has passed through the very centre. It was a master shot."

"It was very nearly a 'Master Walter shot,'" said Rosselmann the priest severely, fixing the Governor with a stern eye.

Gessler made no answer. He sat looking moodily at Tell, who had dropped his cross-bow and was standing motionless, still gazing in the direction in which the arrow had sped. Nobody liked to be the first to speak to him. 1. How many different things did the crowd do?
2. who took the apple from someone?
3. name one things the crowd did?
4. who did der Harras show the apple to?
5. What went in the air?
6. What had Gessler been doing
7. where?
8. Who did the crowd support?
9. Where did the arrow go?
10. Did the people enjoy the politician's upset?
11. was Walter close to being shot?
12. When was the last time there was such fun?
13. Was the priest happy with the man in charge?
14. who picked the apple up?
15. what kind of look did the man of God give the politician
16. Is Ulric a farmer?
17. what does Walter think of his dad's aim?
18. best in the world? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers:
1. Three
2. Rudolph der Harras
3. cheered
4. Gessler,
5. caps
6. sitting
7. on his horse
8. Tell and Walter.
9. through the very centre.
10. Yes
11. Yes
12. Not since Switzerland became a nation
13. no
14. Walter
15. a stern one
16. No!
17. it's good.
18. In Switzerland