TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.
PROBLEM: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; FINDINGS.

(a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ''Preserving Access
to Modern Prosthetic Limbs Act of 2016''.
(b) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
(1) The Medicare program includes coverage for prosthetic
limbs under section 1861(s)(9) of the Social Security Act (42
U.S.C. 1395w(s)(9)).
(2) As a result of significant Federal and private
investment in research and development over the past decades,
beneficiaries with lower limb prostheses are able to maintain
optimal function and lead productive and independent lives.
(3) Federal spending for prosthetic devices in the Medicare
program has decreased by 15 percent between 2010 and 2014.
(4) The Secretary of Health and Human Services, through
Medicare contractors known as Durable Medical Equipment
Medicare Administrative Contractors, released on July 16, 2015,
a document entitled ''Local Coverage Determination (LCD): Lower
Limb Prostheses (DL33787)'', which applies to all Medicare
beneficiaries across the United States.
(5) The policies proposed in this document would
comprehensively change the requirements under which a Medicare
beneficiary would qualify for a lower limb prosthetic device
and would seriously restrict access to modern prosthetic care.
(6) If finalized, the changes proposed in this document
would create coverage requirements that are inconsistent with
current clinical practice and would arbitrarily and
unreasonably deny Medicare beneficiaries access to prosthetic
limb technologies considered the current standard of care.
(7) Under these proposed policies, beneficiaries instead
would be eligible for prosthetic devices that are functionally
outdated, less durable, and less safe.
(8) The adverse impact of the Medicare contractors'
proposed policies extend well beyond the Medicare program and
has implications for other Federal health programs, such as
health programs of the Veterans Administration, and commercial
insurers.
(9) Given the far reaching effect of these policies, and
the fact that little or no clinical or scientific evidence
supported the issuance of these proposals, any changes to
prosthetic limb coverage should be made only after a
transparent process in which evidence is offered to justify
coverage modifications, meaningful stakeholder feedback is
solicited, and the Secretary and Medicare contractors receive
and respond to this stakeholder feedback in a public manner.
(10) A moratorium on the implementation and enforcement of
these proposed policies would enable the Secretary and the
Medicare contractors to engage in such a transparent process.

SEC. 2. MORATORIUM ON IMPLEMENTATION OF PROPOSED MEDICARE LOCAL
COVERAGE DETERMINATION ON LOWER LIMB PROSTHESES.

(a) Moratorium.--
(1) In general.--The Secretary of Health and Human Services
and any Medicare Administrative Contractor may not implement
and enforce the policies in the LCD on lower limb prostheses
(as defined in subsection (d)(1)), in whole or in part, during
the period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act,
and ending on June 30, 2017.
(2) Removal of policy from websites.--The Secretary of
Health and Human Services and its medicare administrative
contractors shall remove the LCD on lower limb prostheses from
the websites of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
and its medicare administrative contractors during the period
of the moratorium under paragraph (1).
(b) Providing the Secretary With Authority To Oversee the
Development of Local Coverage Determinations.--Section 1862(l)(5) of
the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 395y(l)(5)) is amended--
(1) by redesignating subparagraph (C) as subparagraph (D);
and
(2) by inserting after subparagraph (B) the following new
subparagraph:
''(C) Secretary oversight and guidance in
developing local coverage determinations.--The
Secretary shall provide guidance and oversight of any
local coverage determination developed by a medicare
administrative contractor to ensure that the local
coverage determination is consistent with this
title.''.
(c) Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be construed to
prevent the Secretary from enforcing existing statutes, regulations,
and local coverage determinations other than with respect to policies
in the LCD on lower limb prostheses.
(d) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) LCD on lower limb prostheses.--The term ''LCD on lower
limb prostheses'' means the local coverage determination on
lower limb prostheses as proposed by a medicare administrative
contractor in the document (DL33787) released on July 16, 2015,
and any successor to such determination.
(2) Medicare administrative contractor.--The term
''medicare administrative contractor'' has the meaning given
such term in section 1874A(a)(3)(A) of the Social Security Act
(42 U.S.C. 1395kk-1(a)(3)(A)).

SOLUTION: Preserving Access to Modern Prosthetic Limbs Act of 2016 This bill amends title XVIII (Medicare) of the Social Security Act to postpone implementation and enforcement ofa local coverage determination (LCD) proposed by a Medicare Administrative Contractor (MAC) on lower limb prostheses. (An LCD is a decision by a MAC, which is a private insurer that processes Medicare claims within a specified geographicjurisdiction, as towhether to cover a service on a MAC-wide basis.) The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid shall provide guidance and oversight related to LCDs, as specified by the bill.

PROBLEM: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Fairness for Homeowners Act of
2007''.

SEC. 2. ORIGINATIONS OF CONSUMER CREDIT TRANSACTIONS SECURED BY THE
CONSUMER'S PRINCIPAL DWELLING.

(a) In General.--The Truth in Lending Act (15 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.)
is amended by inserting after section 129 the following new section:
''Sec. 129A. Originations of consumer credit transactions secured by
the consumer's principal dwelling
''(a) Definitions.--For purposes of this section, the following
definitions shall apply:
''(1) Fully indexed rate.--The term 'fully indexed rate'
equals the index rate prevailing at the time a consumer credit
transaction secured by a consumer's principal dwelling is
originated, plus the margin that will apply after the
expiration of an introductory interest rate.
''(2) Mortgage broker.--The term 'mortgage broker' means
any person who is defined as a mortgage broker under applicable
State law.
''(b) Requirements for Originators.--
''(1) Ability to pay.--
''(A) In general.--No creditor or mortgage broker
may make, provide, or arrange for any consumer credit
transaction secured by a consumer's principal dwelling
without verifying the consumer's reasonable ability to
pay the scheduled payments of the following, as
applicable: principal; interest; real estate taxes;
homeowner's insurance, assessments, and mortgage
insurance premiums.
''(B) Variable interest rate.--In the case of any
consumer credit transaction secured by a consumer's
principal dwelling for which the applicable annual
percentage rate may vary over the life of the credit,
the reasonable ability to pay shall be determined, for
purposes of this paragraph, on the basis of a fully
indexed rate plus 200 basis points and a repayment
schedule which achieves full amortization over the life
of the extension of credit.
''(C) Verification of consumer income and financial
resources.--In the case of any consumer credit
transaction secured by a consumer's principal dwelling,
the income and financial resources of the consumer
shall be verified for purposes of this paragraph by tax
returns, payroll receipts, bank records, or other
similarly reliable documents.
''(D) Other criteria.--No provision of this
paragraph shall be construed as prohibiting reliance on
criteria other than a consumer's income and financial
resources to establish the reasonable ability of the
consumer to repay any consumer credit transaction
secured by the consumer's principal dwelling, to the
extent such other criteria are also verified through
reasonably reliable methods and documentation.
''(E) Consumer statement is insufficient proof.--A
statement by a consumer of the consumer's income or
financial resources shall not be sufficient to
establish the existence of any income or financial
resources when verifying the reasonable ability of the
consumer to repay any consumer credit transaction
secured by the consumer's principal dwelling, for
purposes of this paragraph.
''(2) Prohibition on steering.--No creditor or mortgage
broker may make, provide, or arrange for any consumer credit
transaction secured by a consumer's principal dwelling that is
of a lower investment grade if--
''(A) the consumer's credit score; or
''(B) comparable underwriting data, in any case in
which the creditor or mortgage broker does not utilize
credit scoring or a credit score for the consumer is
unavailable,
indicates that the borrower may qualify for a consumer credit
transaction, available from or through the creditor or mortgage
broker, that is of a higher investment grade.
''(3) Prohibition on prepayment penalties for arms.--
''(A) In general.--In the case of any consumer
credit transaction secured by a consumer's principal
dwelling that provides for variable rates of interest
on the credit extended under the transaction, the
transaction may not contain terms under which a
consumer must pay a prepayment penalty for paying all
or part of the principal before the date on which the
principal is due.
''(B) Exclusion for jumbo mortgages.--Subparagraph
(A) shall not apply to any consumer credit transaction
secured by a consumer's principal dwelling the
principal amount (as defined in subsection (c)(2)) of
which exceeds the maximum dollar amount limitation (for
a residence of the applicable size) on the amount of
the principal obligation of a mortgage for a 1- to 4-
family residence that may be purchased by the Federal
Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, as then in effect
pursuant to section 305(a)(2) of the Federal Home Loan
Mortgage Corporation Act.
''(c) Limitation on Financed Points, Charges, and Fees.--
''(1) In general.--No creditor or mortgage broker may, in
connection with any consumer credit transaction secured by the
consumer's principal dwelling, include in the principal amount
of such transaction any portion of any qualified finance charge
in excess of the amount which is equal to 5 percent of the
principal amount of the transaction.
''(2) Definitions.--For purposes of this subsection, the
following definitions shall apply:
''(A) Qualified finance charge.--The term
'qualified finance charge' means the sum of--
''(i) the finance charge as determined
under section 106, minus any interest and time
price differential; and
''(ii) all compensation paid to a mortgage
broker from any source in connection with this
transaction.
''(B) Principal amount.--The term 'principal
amount' means--
''(i) in the case of any consumer credit
transaction under an open end credit plan
secured by the consumer's principal dwelling,
the maximum amount of credit that may be
extended under the terms of such plan as
determined without taking into account any
amount included in determining the finance
charge under section 106; and
''(ii) in the case of any other consumer
credit transaction secured by a consumer's
principal dwelling, the amount financed (as
defined in section 138(a)(2)).
''(3) Prohibition on excessive finance charges.--No
creditor or mortgage broker may, in connection with any
consumer credit transaction secured by the consumer's principal
dwelling, impose or receive any amount included in determining
the qualified finance charge for such transaction that exceeds
the amount which is equal to 5 percent of the principal amount
of the transaction.
''(4) Exception.--This subsection shall not apply to any
consumer credit transaction secured by the consumer's principal
dwelling that is ensured or guaranteed by the Secretary of
Housing and Urban Development, the Secretary of Veterans
Affairs, or the Farmers Home Administration.
''(d) Mortgage Broker Duties of Agency.--
''(1) In general.--Any mortgage broker acting to obtain or
arrange for any consumer credit transaction secured by the
consumer's principal dwelling shall be considered to have an
agency relationship with the consumer in all cases by operation
of law and shall comply with the following duties:
''(A) Mortgage brokers shall act in the consumer's
best interest and in the utmost good faith toward each
consumer and shall not compromise a consumer's right or
interest in favor of another's right or interest,
including a right or interest of the mortgage broker.
''(B) A mortgage broker shall not accept, give, or
charge any undisclosed compensation or realize any
undisclosed remuneration, either through direct or
indirect means, that inures to the benefit of the
mortgage broker on an expenditure made for the
consumer.
''(C) Mortgage brokers shall carry out all lawful
instructions given by the consumer.
''(D) Mortgage brokers shall disclose to consumers
all material facts of which the mortgage broker has
knowledge which might reasonably affect the consumer's
rights, interests, or ability to receive the consumer's
intended benefit from the consumer credit transaction,
but not facts which are reasonably susceptible to the
knowledge of the consumer.
''(E) Mortgage brokers shall use reasonable care in
performing duties.
''(F) Mortgage brokers shall account to a consumer
for all the consumer's money and property received as
agent.
''(2) Scope.--The duty of agency between mortgage broker
and consumer applies when the mortgage broker is acting in the
capacity of mortgage broker providing mortgage brokerage
services with respect to any consumer credit transaction
secured by the consumer's principal dwelling for which the
broker is not the creditor.
''(3) Rules of construction.--
''(A) Fees for services rendered.--No provision of
this subsection shall be construed as prohibiting a
mortgage broker from contracting for or collecting a
fee for services rendered which had been disclosed to
the consumer in advance of the provision of such
services.
''(B) Duty of broker.--No provision of this
subsection shall be construed as requiring a mortgage
broker--
''(i) to obtain or arrange for any consumer
credit transaction secured by the consumer's
principal dwelling on behalf of a consumer that
contains terms or conditions not available to
the mortgage broker in the mortgage broker's
usual course of business; or
''(ii) to obtain or arrange for any
consumer credit transaction secured by the
consumer's principal dwelling from a creditor
with whom the mortgage broker does not have a
business relationship.
''(e) Independent Verification of Consumer Counseling Before
Refinancing Special Mortgages.--
''(1) In general.--No creditor or mortgage broker may make,
provide, or arrange for any consumer credit transaction secured
by the consumer's principal dwelling all or a portion of the
proceeds of which are used to fully or partially pay off a
special mortgage unless the borrower has obtained a written
certification from an authorized independent loan counselor
that the borrower has received counseling on the advisability
of the transaction.
''(2) Definitions.--For purposes of this section, the
following definitions shall apply:
''(A) Special mortgage.--The term 'special
mortgage' means any consumer credit transaction secured
by the consumer's principal dwelling that was
originated, subsidized, funded, or guaranteed by or
through a State, tribal, or local government, or
nonprofit organization, that bears 1 or more of the
following nonstandard payment terms which substantially
benefit the consumer:
''(i) Payments vary with income.
''(ii) Payments of principal or interest
are not required or can be deferred under
specified conditions.
''(iii) Principal or interest is forgivable
under specified conditions.
''(iv) Either no interest or an annual
interest rate of 2 percent or less is charged
in connection with the loan.
''(B) Authorized loan counselor.--The term
'authorized independent loan counselor' means any
nonprofit, third-party individual or organization
providing homebuyer education programs, foreclosure
prevention services, mortgage loan counseling, or
credit counseling that is certified by the Secretary of
Housing and Urban Development, or certified by any
State housing agency or nonprofit organization
designated by such Secretary, for such purposes.
''(f) Minimum Financial Requirements for Mortgage Brokers.--No
mortgage broker may obtain or arrange for any consumer credit
transaction secured by the consumer's principal dwelling unless at all
times the mortgage broker--
''(1) maintains a minimum net worth, net of intangibles, of
at least $500,000, as determined in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles; or
''(2) maintains a surety bond or irrevocable letter of
credit in the amount of $50,000.
''(g) Enforcement.--For purposes of providing a cause of action for
any failure by a mortgage broker to comply with any requirement imposed
under this section, section 130(a) shall be applied with respect to any
such failure--
''(1) by substituting 'mortgage broker' for 'creditor' each
place such term appears in such section; and
''(2) by treating all qualified finance charges (as defined
in subsection (c)(2)(A)) incurred in the origination of any
consumer credit transaction secured by the consumer's principal
dwelling as actual damages sustained by the consumer as a
result of the failure.
''(h) Exclusion of Reverse Mortgages.--This section shall not apply
with respect to any consumer mortgage transaction that constitutes a
reverse mortgage.''.
(b) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--The Truth in Lending Act
is amended--
(1) in section 103 (u) (15 U.S.C. 1602(u)), by striking
''and the disclosures required by section 129(a)'' and
inserting ''and the provisions of section 129 and 129A''; and
(2) in section 130 (15 U.S.C. 1640), by inserting ''or
129A'' after section 129 each place such term appears.
(c) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections for chapter 2 of the
Truth in Lending Act is amended by inserting after the item relating to
section 129 the following new item:

''129A. Originations of consumer credit transactions secured by the
consumer's principal dwelling.''.

SOLUTION: Fairness for Homeowners Act of 2007 - Amends the Truth in Lending Act to prohibit any creditor or mortgage broker from making, providing, or arranging for any consumer credit transaction secured by a consumer's principal dwelling without verifying the consumer's reasonable ability to make the scheduled payments of principal, interest (including variable interest), real estate taxes, homeowner's insurance, assessments, and mortgage insurance premiums.

Prescribes criteria for determining the reasonable ability to make such payments.

Prohibits steering (arranging for a lower investment grade credit transaction if the consumer qualifies for a higher investment grade transaction) and prepayment penalties for adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs) that are not jumbo mortgages.

Limits financed points, finance charges, and fees to 5% of a transaction's principal, unless the transaction is ensured or guaranteed by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, or the Farmers Home Administration.

Specifies duties of agency for mortgage brokers acting to obtain or arrange for any consumer credit transaction secured by the consumer's principal dwelling.

Requires creditors and mortgage brokers to obtain independent verification that a borrower seeking to refinance a special mortgage has received counseling on the transaction's advisability. Defines "special mortgage" as one that: (1) was originated, subsidized, funded, or guaranteed by or through a state, tribal, or local government, or nonprofit organization; and (2) bears one or more specified nonstandard payment terms which substantially benefit the consumer.

Prescribes minimum financial requirements for mortgage brokers.

Excludes reverse mortgages from coverage by this Act.

PROBLEM: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Affordable Prescription Drugs Act''.

SEC. 2. COMPULSORY LICENSING OF CERTAIN PATENTED MEDICAL INVENTIONS.

(a) In General.--Chapter 14 of title 35, United States Code, is
amended by adding at the end the following:
''Sec. 158. Compulsory licensing
''(a) Compulsory Licensing of Certain Patented Medical
Inventions.--In the case of any subject invention relating to health in
which a patent holder, contractor, exclusive licensee, or assignee has
acquired title under this title, the Secretary of Health and Human
Services shall have the right to establish other use of the subject
matter of the patent without authorization of the right holder if the
Secretary makes the determination described in subsection (b).
''(b) Determination.--The determination of the Secretary of Health
and Human Services referred to in subsection (a) is a determination
that--
''(1) the patent holder, contractor, licensee, or assignee
referred to in subsection (a) has not taken, or is not expected
to take within a reasonable time, effective steps to achieve
practical application of the subject invention in a field of
use;
''(2) such compulsory license is necessary to alleviate
health or safety needs which are not adequately satisfied by
the patent holder, contractor, licensee, or assignee; or
''(3) the patented material is priced higher than may be
reasonably expected based on criteria developed by the
Secretary of Commerce.
''(c) Factors in Authorizing Other Use.--In exercising the right
under subsection (a) to authorize other use of the subject matter of a
patent, the following shall apply:
''(1) Authorization of such use shall be considered on its
individual merits.
''(2) Such use may only be permitted if, prior to such use,
the proposed user has made efforts to obtain authorization from
the right holder on reasonable commercial terms and conditions
and that such efforts have not been successful within a
reasonable period of time. This requirement may be waived in
the case of a national emergency or other circumstances of
extreme urgency or in cases of public noncommercial use. In
situations of national emergency or other circumstances of
extreme urgency, the right holder shall, nevertheless, be
notified as soon as reasonably practicable. In the case of
public noncommercial use, where the Government or (if
applicable) a contractor of the Government, without making a
patent search, knows or has demonstrable grounds to know that a
valid patent is or will be used by or for the Government, the
right holder shall be informed promptly.
''(3) Such use shall be nonexclusive.
''(4) Such use shall be nonassignable, except with that
part of the enterprise or goodwill which enjoys such use.
''(5) Authorization for such use shall be liable, subject
to adequate protection of the legitimate interests of the
persons so authorized, to be terminated if and when the
circumstances which led to it cease to exist and are unlikely
to recur. The competent authority shall have the authority to
review, upon appropriate request, the continued existence of
such circumstances.
''(6) The right holder shall be paid adequate remuneration
in the circumstances of each case, taking into account the
economic value of the authorization.
''(7) The legal validity of any decision relating to the
authorization of such use shall be subject to judicial review
or other independent review by a distinct Federal authority.
''(8) Any decision relating to the remuneration provided in
respect of such use shall be subject to judicial review or
other independent review by a distinct Federal authority.
''(9) The condition set forth in paragraph (2) is not
applicable where such use is permitted to remedy a practice
determined after judicial or administrative process to be
anticompetitive. The need to correct anticompetitive practices
may be taken into account in determining the amount of
remuneration in such cases. The competent authorities shall
have the authority to refuse termination of authorization if
and when the conditions which led to such authorization are
likely to recur.
''(10) Where such use is authorized to permit the
exploitation of a patent ('the 2nd patent') which cannot be
exploited without infringing another patent ('the 1st patent'),
the following additional conditions shall apply:
''(A) The invention claimed in the 2nd patent shall
involve an important technical advance of considerable
economic significance in relation to the invention
claimed in the 1st patent.
''(B) The owner of the 1st patent shall be entitled
to a cross-license on reasonable terms to use the
invention claimed in the 2nd patent.
''(C) The use authorized in respect of the 1st
patent shall be nonassignable except with the
assignment of the 2nd patent.
''(d) Consistency With TRIPS.--Regulations adopted under subsection
(a) shall be consistent with provisions of the Agreement on Trade-
Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights referred to in section
101(d)(15) of the Uruguay Round Agreements Act.''.
(b) Conforming Amendment.--the table of contents for chapter 14 of
title 35, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the
following new item:

''158. Compulsory licensing.''.

SEC. 3. REPORT ON PHARMACEUTICAL COSTS AND SALES.

(a) Report Requirement.--Any person engaged in the manufacture and
sale of any drug approved under section 505 or 512 of the Federal Food,
Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 355, 360b) for which a patent is
still in effect shall report to the Congress annually an audit of all
financial information relevant to the pricing of that drug nationally
and internationally, including the costs of research and development,
sufficient to assess the reasonableness of that pricing, in accordance
with specifications developed by the Secretary of Commerce in
consultation with the Commissioner of Food and Drugs.
(b) Disqualification From Participation in Federal Programs as
Penalty for Noncompliance.--In the case of a person who the Secretary
of Commerce determines has failed to submit a report required under
subsection (a) on a timely basis, the person shall be ineligible to
receive payment from the Federal Government or under any Federal
program (including under the medicare and medicaid programs) for any
prescription drug or biologic it manufactures or sells until the date
the Secretary determines that such failure has ceased.

SOLUTION:
Requires any person engaged in the manufacture and sale of any new drug or new animal drug approved under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, for which a patent is still in effect, to report annually to Congress an audit of all financial information relevant to that drug's pricing nationally and internationally, including research and development costs, sufficient to assess the reasonableness of that pricing. Requires disqualification from participation in Federal programs as a penalty for noncompliance with this reporting requirement.