In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.

Input: Consider Input: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Justice for Victims of Fraud Act of
2016''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

The Congress finds the following:
(1) The Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection found that
Wells Fargo management implemented sales incentives, including
an incentive-compensation program, in part to increase the
number of banking products and services that its employees sold
to its customers.
(2) The Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection found that
Wells Fargo employees engaged in improper sales practices to
satisfy sales goals under Wells Fargo's incentive compensation
program, including opening as many as 1,534,280 checking
accounts and 565,443 credit card accounts using consumers'
information without their knowledge or consent between May 2011
and July 2015.
(3) Wells Fargo successfully claimed in Jabbari v. Wells
Fargo that customers had signed away their rights to hold Wells
Fargo accountable in court for claims of fraud because those
customers were bound to a forced arbitration clause for their
legitimate accounts.
(4) After Wells Fargo publicly entered a settlement with
Federal regulators for the opening of thousands of unauthorized
customer accounts, Wells Fargo claimed in Mitchell et. al. v.
Wells Fargo et. al. that customers' fraud claims must continue
to be forced into arbitration.
(5) Several courts have determined that despite claims of
fraud over unauthorized accounts opened without customer
knowledge or consent, those customers are still bound by
contracts forcing those claims into arbitration based on the
courts' interpretation of the Federal Arbitration Act.
(6) The Federal Arbitration Act (now codified as chapter 1
of title 9, United States Code) was intended to apply to
disputes between commercial entities of generally similar
sophistication and bargaining power, but a series of decisions
by the Supreme Court of the United States have interpreted the
Federal Arbitration Act as applicable to claims of fraud.
(7) Consumers have no meaningful choice whether to submit
their claims to arbitration and are typically unaware that they
have given up their rights to file claims in court.

SEC. 3. ARBITRATION OF CONSUMER DISPUTES RELATED TO CREDIT CARD
ACCOUNTS.

Chapter 2 of the Truth in Lending Act (15 U.S.C. 1631 et seq.) is
amended by adding at the end the following (and the table of contents
for such chapter is conformed accordingly):
''Sec. 140B. Validity and enforceability
''(a) Definitions.--In this section--
''(1) the term 'covered dispute' means a dispute that is
not subject to a final judgment by a court; and
''(2) the term 'predispute arbitration agreement' means any
agreement between a person and a consumer providing for
arbitration of any future dispute between the parties.
''(b) Validity and Enforceability.--No predispute arbitration
agreement shall be valid or enforceable in a covered dispute that is
related to a credit card that was not issued in response to a request
or application for that credit card account.
''(c) Applicability.--The applicability of this section to a
predispute arbitration agreement shall be determined by a State or
Federal court of competent jurisdiction.''.

SEC. 4. ARBITRATION OF CONSUMER DISPUTES RELATED TO COVERED ACCOUNTS.

The Electronic Fund Transfer Act (15 U.S.C. 1693 et seq.) is
amended by inserting after section 920 (15 U.S.C. 1693o-2) the
following:

''SEC. 920A. VALIDITY AND ENFORCEABILITY.

''(a) Definitions.--In this section--
''(1) the term 'covered account'--
''(A) means a demand deposit, savings deposit, or
other asset account (other than an occasional or
incidental credit balance in an open end credit plan as
defined in section 103(i)), as described in regulations
of the Bureau, established primarily for personal,
family, or household purposes, including demand
accounts, time accounts, negotiable order of withdrawal
accounts, and share draft accounts; and
''(B) does not include an account held by a
financial institution pursuant to a bona fide trust
agreement;
''(2) the term 'covered dispute' means a dispute that is
not subject to a final judgment by a court; and
''(3) the term 'predispute arbitration agreement' means any
agreement between a financial institution and a consumer
providing for arbitration of any future dispute between the
parties.
''(b) Validity and Enforceability.--No predispute arbitration
agreement shall be valid or enforceable in a covered dispute that is
related to a covered account that was not issued in response to a
request or application for that covered account.
''(c) Applicability.--The applicability of this section to a
predispute arbitration agreement shall be determined by a State or
Federal court of competent jurisdiction.''.

SEC. 5. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.

Nothing in the amendments made by this Act shall be construed--
(1) to authorize the imposition of a requirement to submit
a dispute to arbitration; or
(2) to restrict any court from ruling that a requirement to
submit a dispute to arbitration is invalid or unenforceable.

Output: Justice for Victims of Fraud Act of 2016 This bill amends the Truth in Lending Act and the Electronic Fund Transfer Act to prohibit predispute arbitration agreements with consumers (i.e., agreements to arbitrate any future disputes between parties instead of pursuing the claims in court) from being valid or enforceable in disputes related to credit card accounts or personal bank accounts that are not subject to a final judgment by a court if the credit card or bank account was not issued in response to a request or application for that account. The bill excludes from this prohibition accounts held by a financial institution pursuant to a bona fide trust agreement.

Input: Consider Input: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Women's Health Research and
Prevention Amendments of 1998''.

TITLE I--PROVISIONS RELATING TO WOMEN'S HEALTH RESEARCH AT NATIONAL
INSTITUTES OF HEALTH

SEC. 101. RESEARCH ON DRUG DES; NATIONAL PROGRAM OF EDUCATION.
(a) Research.--Section 403A(e) of the Public Health Service Act (42
U.S.C. 283a(e)) is amended by striking ''1996'' and inserting ''2003''.
(b) National Program for Education of Health Professionals and
Public.--Title XVII of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 300u et
seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

''education regarding des

''Sec. 1710. (a) In General.--The Secretary, acting through the
heads of the appropriate agencies of the Public Health Service, shall
carry out a national program for the education of health professionals
and the public with respect to the drug diethylstilbestrol (commonly
known as DES). To the extent appropriate, such national program shall
use methodologies developed through the education demonstration program
carried out under section 403A. In developing and carrying out the
national program, the Secretary shall consult closely with
representatives of nonprofit private entities that represent
individuals who have been exposed to DES and that have expertise in
community-based information campaigns for the public and for health
care providers. The implementation of the national program shall begin
during fiscal year 1999.
''(b) Authorization of Appropriations.--For the purpose of carrying
out this section, there are authorized to be appropriated such sums as
may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 1999 through 2003. The
authorization of appropriations established in the preceding sentence
is in addition to any other authorization of appropriation that is
available for such purpose.''.
SEC. 102. RESEARCH ON OSTEOPOROSIS, PAGET'S DISEASE, AND RELATED
BONE DISORDERS.
Section 409A(d) of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C.
284e(d)) is amended by striking ''and 1996'' and inserting ''through
2003''.

SEC. 103. RESEARCH ON CANCER.

(a) Research on Breast Cancer.--Section 417B(b)(1) of the Public
Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 286a-8(b)(1)) is amended--
(1) in subparagraph (A), by striking ''and 1996'' and inserting
''through 2003''; and
(2) in subparagraph (B), by striking ''and 1996'' and inserting
''through 2003''.
(b) Research on Ovarian and Related Cancer Research.--Section
417B(b)(2) of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 286a-8(b)(2)) is
amended by striking ''and 1996'' and inserting ''through 2003''.
SEC. 104. RESEARCH ON HEART ATTACK, STROKE, AND OTHER
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES IN WOMEN.
Subpart 2 of part C of title IV of the Public Health Service Act
(42 U.S.C. 285b et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 424 the
following:

''heart attack, stroke, and other cardiovascular diseases in women

''Sec. 424A. (a) In General.--The Director of the Institute shall
expand, intensify, and coordinate research and related activities of
the Institute with respect to heart attack, stroke, and other
cardiovascular diseases in women.
''(b) Coordination With Other Institutes.--The Director of the
Institute shall coordinate activities under subsection (a) with similar
activities conducted by the other national research institutes and
agencies of the National Institutes of Health to the extent that such
Institutes and agencies have responsibilities that are related to heart
attack, stroke, and other cardiovascular diseases in women.
''(c) Certain Programs.--In carrying out subsection (a), the
Director of the Institute shall conduct or support research to expand
the understanding of the causes of, and to develop methods for
preventing, cardiovascular diseases in women. Activities under such
subsection shall include conducting and supporting the following:
''(1) Research to determine the reasons underlying the
prevalence of heart attack, stroke, and other cardiovascular
diseases in women, including African-American women and other women
who are members of racial or ethnic minority groups.
''(2) Basic research concerning the etiology and causes of
cardiovascular diseases in women.
''(3) Epidemiological studies to address the frequency and
natural history of such diseases and the differences among men and
women, and among racial and ethnic groups, with respect to such
diseases.
''(4) The development of safe, efficient, and cost-effective
diagnostic approaches to evaluating women with suspected ischemic
heart disease.
''(5) Clinical research for the development and evaluation of
new treatments for women, including rehabilitation.
''(6) Studies to gain a better understanding of methods of
preventing cardiovascular diseases in women, including applications
of effective methods for the control of blood pressure, lipids, and
obesity.
''(7) Information and education programs for patients and
health care providers on risk factors associated with heart attack,
stroke, and other cardiovascular diseases in women, and on the
importance of the prevention or control of such risk factors and
timely referral with appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Such
programs shall include information and education on health-related
behaviors that can improve such important risk factors as smoking,
obesity, high blood cholesterol, and lack of exercise.
''(d) Authorization of Appropriations.--For the purpose of carrying
out this section, there are authorized to be appropriated such sums as
may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 1999 through 2003. The
authorization of appropriations established in the preceding sentence
is in addition to any other authorization of appropriation that is
available for such purpose.''.

SEC. 105. AGING PROCESSES REGARDING WOMEN.

Section 445H of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 285e-10)
is amended--
(1) by striking ''The Director'' and inserting ''(a) The
Director''; and
(2) by adding at the end the following subsection:
''(b) For the purpose of carrying out this section, there are
authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary for each of
the fiscal years 1999 through 2003. The authorization of appropriations
established in the preceding sentence is in addition to any other
authorization of appropriation that is available for such purpose.''.

SEC. 106. OFFICE OF RESEARCH ON WOMEN'S HEALTH.

Section 486(d)(2) of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C.
287d(d)(2)) is amended by striking ''Director of the Office'' and
inserting ''Director of NIH''.

TITLE II--PROVISIONS RELATING TO WOMEN'S HEALTH AT CENTERS FOR DISEASE
CONTROL AND PREVENTION

SEC. 201. NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH STATISTICS.

Section 306(n) of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 242k(n))
is amended--
(1) in paragraph (1), by striking ''through 1998'' and
inserting ''through 2003''; and
(2) in paragraph (2), by striking ''through 1998'' and
inserting ''through 2003''.

SEC. 202. NATIONAL PROGRAM OF CANCER REGISTRIES.

Section 399L(a) of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 280e-
4(a)) is amended by striking ''through 1998'' and inserting ''through
2003''.
SEC. 203. NATIONAL BREAST AND CERVICAL CANCER EARLY DETECTION
PROGRAM.
(a) Services.--Section 1501(a)(2) of the Public Health Service Act
(42 U.S.C. 300k(a)(2)) is amended by inserting before the semicolon the
following: ''and support services such as case management''.
(b) Providers of Services.--Section 1501(b) of the Public Health
Service Act (42 U.S.C. 300k(b)) is amended--
(1) in paragraph (1), by striking ''through grants'' and all
that follows and inserting the following: ''through grants to
public and nonprofit private entities and through contracts with
public and private entities.''; and
(2) by striking paragraph (2) and inserting the following:
''(2) Certain applications.--If a nonprofit private entity and
a private entity that is not a nonprofit entity both submit
applications to a State to receive an award of a grant or contract
pursuant to paragraph (1), the State may give priority to the
application submitted by the nonprofit private entity in any case
in which the State determines that the quality of such application
is equivalent to the quality of the application submitted by the
other private entity.''.
(c) Authorizations of Appropriations.--
(1) Supplemental grants for additional preventive health
services.--Section 1509(d)(1) of the Public Health Service Act (42
U.S.C. 300n-4a(d)(1)) is amended by striking ''through 1998'' and
inserting ''through 2003''.
(2) General program.--Section 1510(a) of the Public Health
Service Act (42 U.S.C. 300n-5(a)) is amended by striking ''through
1998'' and inserting ''through 2003''.
SEC. 204. CENTERS FOR RESEARCH AND DEMONSTRATION OF HEALTH
PROMOTION.
Section 1706(e) of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 300u-
5(e)) is amended by striking ''through 1998'' and inserting ''through
2003''.

Speaker of the House of Representatives.

Vice President of the United States and
President of the Senate.

Output: TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Title I: Provisions Relating to Women's Health Research at
National Institutes of Health
Title II: Provisions Relating to Women's Health at Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention
Women's Health Research and Prevention Amendments of 1998 -
Title I: Provisions Relating to Women's Health Research at National Institutes of Health
- Amends the Public Health Service Act to extend the authorization of appropriations for programs regarding diethylstilbestrol (DES).
Mandates a program of education of health professionals and the public concerning DES. Authorizes appropriations.
(Sec. 102) Extends the authorizations of appropriations for: (1) research on osteoporosis, Paget's disease, and related bone disorders; (2) breast cancer programs; and (3) programs on ovarian and other cancers of the reproductive system of women.
(Sec. 104) Mandates expansion, intensification, and coordination of research and related activities of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute regarding heart attack, stroke, and other cardiovascular diseases in women. Authorizes appropriations.
(Sec. 105) Extends the authorization of appropriations for research on the aging processes of women.
(Sec. 106) Requires that the Director of the National Institutes of Health (currently, the Director of the Office of Research on Women's Health) appoint members of the Advisory Committee on Women's Health.
Title II: Provisions Relating to Women's Health at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Extends the authorization of appropriations for the National Center for Health Statistics and the National Program of Cancer Registries.
(Sec. 203) Authorizes grants to States to ensure the provision to women screened for breast or cervical cancer of support services such as case management. Allows certain breast and cervical cancer programs to be carried out through grants to public and nonprofit private entities and contracts with public or private entities (currently, through grants and contracts with public or nonprofit private entities). Allows a State to give priority to a nonprofit entity over an entity that is not a nonprofit if the quality of the entities' applications are equivalent. Extends authorizations of appropriations for: (1) annual evaluations of programs relating to preventive health measures regarding breast and cervical cancers; and (2) various breast and cervical cancer preventive health measures.
(Sec. 204) Extends the authorization of appropriations for centers for research and demonstration regarding health promotion and disease prevention.

Input: Consider Input: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; FINDINGS.

(a) Short Title.--This act may be cited as the Cooperative Units of
Research in Infectious Disease (CURID) of 1994.
(b) Findings.--Congress finds that--
(1) despite the development of modern technology for water
purification, food preparation, sterilization and disinfection
coupled with the discovery of antibiotics and a limited number
of highly effective vaccines, the advent of AIDS, the re-
emergence of tuberculosis, the emergence of newly infectious
agents and a significant increase in food and water borne
diseases in recent years pose new threats to the health and
well-being of all citizens;
(2) the era of molecular biology and intensive research
efforts in AIDS have produced powerful technology for the rapid
and sensitive detection of new infectious agents which have
resulted in the development of new concepts of infectious
diseases;
(3) advances in the scientific understanding of the
functions of the human body's defense mechanisms and the
critical roles of both the patient and the infecting agent's
genetic characteristics are rapidly leading to the belief that
a number of chronic diseases of humans presently of unknown
etiology may be caused by infectious agents;
(4) chronic illnesses like lung, arthritis and related
diseases are increasing at alarming rates and, according to
1994 National Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data,
the incidence of arthritis alone is estimated to increase by 57
percent and affect 54.9 million people in the United States by
the year 2020;
(5) the economic losses associated with these disabling
diseases will continue to cost our society billions of dollars
annually if the Federal Government does not invest in essential
research initiatives designed to build upon our ability to
detect new infectious agents and fully investigate new concepts
of the etiology of chronic diseases;
(6) determining and demonstrating causality of diseases
like chronic lung disease, rheumatoid arthritis and rheumatic
diseases by an infectious agent could lead to early and
accurate diagnosis and treatment of the disease which would
dramatically reduce medical costs and morbidity and mortality;
and
(7) addressing the potential role of infectious agents in
chronic diseases necessitates a different research approach
than currently exists and sustained funding of collaborative
research groups.

SEC. 2. SPECIFIC PROVISIONS; ESTABLISHMENT OF COOPERATIVE UNITS OF
RESEARCH IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES.

(a) In General.--Infectious Disease Research and Clinical Units of
Excellence will be established jointly by the National Institute of
Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health
and the National Center for Infectious Diseases of the National Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention.
(b) Purpose.--These cooperative units will be dedicated to finding
the cause, prevention and cure of chronic inflammatory diseases of
suspected infectious etiology and committed to giving priority to
diseases like arthritis and chronic lung disease which hold the most
promise for beneficial research results.
(c) Establishment of Units.--The establishment of the Infectious
Disease Research and Clinical Units of Excellence shall be based upon
past research performance of researchers working on specific
microorganisms.
(1) The units will be responsible for--
(A) evaluation of patient specimens for the
presence of infectious agents;
(B) characterization of the immune response to
these infectious agents; and
(C) characterization of the genetic background of
patients.
(2) Personnel to staff these units will be selected based
upon the proven track record of individuals who--
(A) have demonstrated the capability of using
molecular diagnostic techniques for detection of
fastitious infectious agents; and
(B) possess proven clinical experience.
(3) The units will provide laboratory support for a network
of Clinical Units for patient enrollment and patient
management.
(4) National Center for Infectious Diseases of the National
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention will provide the
epidemiological and investigative skills for a network of
Clinical Units.
(5) The initial period of grant funding for the units will
be up to ten but no less than five years.
(d) Coordination of Research Program and Development of Strategic
Research Plan.--The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious
Diseases shall be the lead agency.
(1) The Director of the National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases shall be responsible for the establishment
of no more than 10 research and clinical units at any given
time.
(2) The designation of research and clinical units shall be
carried out in consultation with the Director of the National
Center for Infectious Diseases as well as expert extramural
scientists.
(3) The directors of the research and clinical units will
be responsible for the development of the research plan.

SEC. 3. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

There are authorized to be appropriated $25,000,000 for each of the
fiscal years 1996 through 2006. At the end of this 10 year period, the
effectiveness of this research approach will be evaluated and the need
for future funding, if any, will be determined by the National Advisory
Councils of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
and the National Center for Infectious Diseases. The National Advisory
Councils shall submit a report of its findings and recommendations to
the appropriate authorizing committees of the House and the Senate.
Output: Cooperative Units of Research in Infectious Disease (CURID) Act of 1994 - Requires Infectious Disease Research and Clinical Units of Excellence to be established jointly by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) of the National Institutes of Health and the National Center for Infectious Diseases of the National Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Provides that the Units will be dedicated to finding the cause, prevention, and cure of chronic inflammatory diseases of suspected infectious etiology and committed to giving priority to diseases like arthritis and chronic lung disease which hold the most promise for beneficial research results.
Requires the establishment of the Units to be based upon past research performance of researchers working on specific microorganisms. Makes the Units responsible for: (1) evaluation of patient specimens for the presence of infectious agents; (2) characterization of the immune response to these infectious agents; and (3) characterization of the genetic background of patients.
Sets forth provisions regarding personnel, laboratory support, networking, and the initial period of grant funding.
Makes NIAID the lead agency. Apportions responsibility for various aspects of the research program and development of a strategic research plan.
Authorizes appropriations.