TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you will be shown a prompt from a judicial decision and multiple holding statements derived from citations following text in a legal decision. Holdings represent the governing legal rule when the law is applied to a particular set of facts. There are five answer choices for each citing text. The correct answer is the holding statement that corresponds to the citing text. The four incorrect answers are other holding statements. You should find the correct option. There is a <HOLDING> token in the position of the citing text prompt where the holding statement was extracted.
PROBLEM: obligations, the United States government must conform its conduct to constitutional requirements. Grin v. Shine, 187 U.S. 181, 184, 23 S.Ct. 98, 100, 47 L.Ed. 130 (1902). See In re Burt, 737 F.2d 1477, 1485 (7th Cir.1984) ("when the conduct of the United States government is challenged, such conduct must be assessed in light of the Constitution"); Plaster v. United States, 720 F.2d 340, 348 (4th Cir.1983). Where an extradition court finds that extradition would violate the relator's constitutional rights, the Executive branch may not extradite him. In re Burt, supra, 737 F.2d at 1484; Plaster v. United States, supra, 720 F.2d at 349. See also In re Extradition of Mahmoud Abed Atta, 1988 WL 66866 (E.D.N.Y. June 17, 1988) (unreported slip op.) (available on Westlaw, federal database) (<HOLDING>). However, an American court may not deny
Holding statements: (A) holding that juveniles may waive constitutional rights (B) recognizing defendants state and federal constitutional rights to testify (C) holding in the private sector context that flsa rights cannot be abridged by contract or otherwise waived and stating that in any event congressionally granted flsa rights take precedence over conflicting provisions in a collectively bargained compensation arrangement (D) holding that constitutional rights in extradition take precedence over treaty terms (E) recognizing the right to trial by jury is a constitutional right to be given the same protections as other constitutional rights

SOLUTION: (D)

PROBLEM: v. Allen, 615 F.3d 1122, 1136 (9th Cir.2010) (emphasizing the parsimonious nature of an effective EA) (quoting 40 C.F.R. 1500.1(b)). The DOE has more than met its burden here. Accordingly, we find that the DOE's discussion of the 2005 anthrax shipping incident in the DREA and the FREA satisfies NEPA. b. The "Restricted" Experiments We do not reach the issue of whether the DOE's decision not to include information about "restricted" experiments in the FREA was arbitrary or capricious because the district court properly found that this argument was waived. Here, Tri-Valley CAREs did not address the district court's ruling that the argument was deemed waived in its opening appellate bricf. Thus, the issue is not properly before us. See Smith v. Marsh, 194 F.3d 1045, 1052 (9th Cir.1999) (<HOLDING>). Claims not made in an opening brief in a
Holding statements: (A) holding that arguments not raised by a party in its open ing brief are deemed waived (B) holding that arguments not raised in district court are waived (C) holding that arguments not raised before the trial court are waived (D) holding that arguments not raised in the opening brief are waived (E) holding that arguments that are not raised or that are not accompanied by factual and legal support are deemed waived

SOLUTION: (A)

PROBLEM: voluntary dismissal by stipulation under Rule 41 (a)(1)[ (A) ](ii) is of right, cannot be conditioned by the court, and does not call for the exercise of any discretion on the part of the court."). 10 . See also Bechuck v. Home Depot U.S.A., Inc., 814 F.3d 287, 292-93 (5th Cir. 2016) ("Court-ordered sanctions should be neither 'a consequence' of a voluntary dismissal without prejudice nor a 'condition' placed upon such dismissal." (quoting Cooter &Gell, 496 U.S. at 396-97, 110 S.Ct. 2447)); Predator Int'l, Inc. v. Gamo Outdoor USA, Inc., 793 F.3d 1177, 1188 (10th Cir. 2015) ("Forum shopping is not an improper purpose [under Rule 11] if a ground for federal jurisdiction arguably exists." (alteration in original) (quotation omitted)); Pedrina v. Chun, 987 F.2d 608, 610 (9th Cir. 1993) (<HOLDING>). 11 . We also held that the district court
Holding statements: (A) holding that plaintiffs were entitled to vacate final order of dismissal as void when they did not receive the motion for dismissal or notice of the hearing on the order until after the dismissal was entered (B) holding that default judgment could not be rendered after the defendant had served plaintiff with a copy of a motion to dismiss that had not then been filed (C) holding district court had no authority to require plaintiffs to obtain courts permission to dismiss defendant who had not served answer or motion for summary judgment as plaintiffs had absolute right to dismissal without prejudice and thus court could not sanction plaintiffs for filing notice of voluntary dismissal rather than motion (D) holding that district court has discretion when deciding to convert a defendants motion to dismiss to a motion for summary judgment (E) holding that a review committee of the kansas board for discipline of attorneys had the authority to dismiss a complaint against an attorney with or without prejudice and when dismissal was ordered without specifying the nature of the dismissal the dismissal was without prejudice to the filing of later proceedings on the same matter

SOLUTION:
(C)