Question: In the Pre-Modern era, many people's sense of self and purpose was often expressed via a faith in some form of deity, be that in a single God or in many gods. Pre-modern cultures have not been thought of creating a sense of distinct individuality, though. Religious officials, who often held positions of power, were the spiritual intermediaries to the common person. It was only through these intermediaries that the general masses had access to the divine. Tradition was sacred to ancient cultures and was unchanging and the social order of ceremony and morals in a culture could be strictly enforced.

The term "modern" was coined in the 16th century to indicate present or recent times (ultimately derived from the Latin adverb modo, meaning "just now). The European Renaissance (about 14201630), which marked the transition between the Late Middle Ages and Early Modern times, started in Italy and was spurred in part by the rediscovery of classical art and literature, as well as the new perspectives gained from the Age of Discovery and the invention of the telescope and microscope, expanding the borders of thought and knowledge. 1. How was Pre Modern Era sense of self expressed?
2. When was the term "modern" coined?
3. What for?
4. Did people worship one God?
5. What is the meaning of "modern"?
6. What language is it derived from?
7. For how long did the European Renaissance last?
8. From which year to which year was that?
9. Where did it begin?
10. What spurred it?
11. the renaissance period began a transition between what two eras? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers: 1. faith in some form of deity
2. 16th century
3. indicate present or recent times
4. or in many gods
5. just now
6. Latin
7. about 14201630 210 years
8. 14201630
9. Italy
10. rediscovery of classical art and literature, as well as the new perspectives gained from the Age of Discovery and the invention of the telescope and microscope
11. the Late Middle Ages and Early Modern times

Question: CHAPTER XXIII.

THE BLACK BEAR.

"Somebody is coming!" ejaculated Sam. "I hope it is Dick, with Mr. Barrow!"

"So do I," returned Tom.

Without saying a word more, Jasper Grinder ran from the inner cave and joined Baxter and the guide. His face was pale, and he was evidently much disturbed.

Soon Baxter and his party were outside, and the Rover boys heard them moving up and down the gully. Several minutes passed, and then came a gunshot, followed by another.

"I hope they are not firing on Dick or Mr. Barrow," said Sam, with something of a shudder.

"I guess not," returned his brother. "If they were, we'd probably hear shots in return."

An hour went by, and then Dan Baxter and the others came back, the guide carrying several rabbits and a large fox. The rabbits were skinned and kept for eating, and the fox was skinned and the carcass thrown away.

Tom and Sam had expected Jasper Grinder to return to them, but if the former teacher desired to do this, he was prevented by Dan Baxter, who kept his companions close by him, around the fire.

Slowly the time went by until darkness was upon them. The fire was kept up, but Baxter screened it as much as possible, so that the glare might not penetrate to the forest beyond the gully and prove a beacon to guide Dick and John Barrow to the spot.

The boys were tired out, and soon Sam sank to sleep, with his hands still tied to the tree roots. Tom tried to keep awake, but half an hour later he, too, was in dreamland. 1. Who wanted to see Dick and Mr. Barrow?
2. Was he concerned for their safety?
3. Why?
4. Whom did he expect to come back?
5. What was he holding on to?
6. Was he sleepy?
7. Who was his brother?
8. How long did he stay up past Sam?
9. Why was he not as concerned about Dick as Sam?
10. What was Baxter's role?
11. What did they use the fox for?
12. Did Baxter want Dick and Barrow to find them? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers: 1. Sam
2. yes
3. they heard gunshots
4. Jasper Grinder
5. several rabbits and a large fox
6. yes
7. Tom
8. half hour
9. they didn't hear shots in return
10. to screen the fire
11. the fox was skinned
12. no

Question: Suhklal lives in India. He works every day, but can only buy food, not anything else, even clothes. One day, Suhklal heard about a non-profit organization called GOONJ. This organization does not give away free clothes or sell clothes for money. Instead, GOONJ asks people to work to help the community. In return, GOONJ supplies people with clothes. Suhklal said the experience made him happy. He felt proud of his work and his new clothes.

In 1998, Anshu Gupta and his wife wanted to help the people affected by a crisis , so they gathered all the clothes they had not worn. Looking at their gathered clothing, they wanted to start a new clothing organization. But they wanted their organization to be different from others. They wanted to collect clothing all year round -- not just in times of crisis. And more importantly, they wanted to serve people in a way that made them feel proud when receiving clothes.

GOONJ makes sure the clothing is given to people who can use it. For example, people in areas with cooler temperatures receive warmer clothes. And people in villages that wear traditional clothing would receive traditional clothing. GOONJ also reuses clothes that people can't wear. For example, a shirt with holes can be made into a bag or used to make a blanket.

GOONJ helps organize projects that improve the community. People receive clothes in return for their community work. Gupta believes this helps the receivers build self-respect, because they have earned the clothes. It also helps the receivers to be proud of what they have done to help their community.

Since it began, GOONJ has expanded its work. GOONJ also collects more than just clothes. It collects home or school supplies. GOONJ also started a program that helps protect women's health. 1. Where does Suhklal live?
2. What is the one thing he can buy?
3. What is the name of the organization he heard about?
4. What does GOONJ do?
5. Did Suhklal do it?
6. How did it work out for him?
7. How did GOONJ begin?
8. When did they start it?
9. How did their project differ from others?
10. What was most important to them?
11. What does GOONJ make sure to do?
12. How many ways do they use the clothes?
13. What is the first way?
14. The second?
15. The third?
16. How do they reuse it?
17. How does it help the community?
18. How? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers:
1. in India
2. food
3. GOONJ
4. GOONJ asks people to work in return for clothes
5. Yes
6. He felt proud of his work and his new clothes.
7. Anshu Gupta and his wife wanted to help the people affected by a crisis , so they gathered all the clothes they had not worn
8. In 1998
9. They wanted to collect clothing all year round -- not just in times of crisis.
10. they wanted to serve people in a way that made them feel proud when receiving clothes.
11. makes sure the clothing is given to people who can use it.
12. three
13. people in areas with cooler temperatures receive warmer clothes
14. people in villages that wear traditional clothing would receive traditional clothing
15. reuses clothes that people can't wear.
16. a shirt with holes can be made into a bag or used to make a blanket.
17. helps organize projects that improve the community
18. People receive clothes in return for their community work.