Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

Newcastle upon Tyne (RP: i/njuksl pn tan/; Locally: i/njuksl pn tan/), commonly known as Newcastle, is a city in Tyne and Wear, North East England, 103 miles (166 km) south of Edinburgh and 277 miles (446 km) north of London on the northern bank of the River Tyne, 8.5 mi (13.7 km) from the North Sea. Newcastle is the most populous city in the North East and Tyneside the eighth most populous conurbation in the United Kingdom. Newcastle is a member of the English Core Cities Group and is a member of the Eurocities network of European cities. Newcastle was part of the county of Northumberland until 1400, when it became a county itself, a status it retained until becoming part of Tyne and Wear in 1974.[not in citation given] The regional nickname and dialect for people from Newcastle and the surrounding area is Geordie.

The city developed around the Roman settlement Pons Aelius and was named after the castle built in 1080 by Robert Curthose, William the Conqueror's eldest son. The city grew as an important centre for the wool trade in the 14th century, and later became a major coal mining area. The port developed in the 16th century and, along with the shipyards lower down the River Tyne, was amongst the world's largest shipbuilding and ship-repairing centres. Newcastle's economy includes corporate headquarters, learning, digital technology, retail, tourism and cultural centres, from which the city contributes 13 billion towards the United Kingdom's GVA. Among its icons are Newcastle Brown Ale; Newcastle United football club; and the Tyne Bridge. It has hosted the world's most popular half marathon, the Great North Run, since it began in 1981.

1. Where are people who speak the Geordie dialect from?
2. When did that city become a county?
3. Was it part of another county before that?
4. Which one?
5. When did it lose its county status?
6. What athletic event is hosted there?
7. What kind of trade developed there?
8. In what century?
9. What kind of area did it become later?
10. What was it named after?
11. Whose son was he?
12. Did he have any other siblings?
13. Are his sibling younger or older than him>
14. What is Newcastle's full name?
15. Which part of England is it in?
16. Where is it in relation to Edinburgh?

Numbered answers:

A: 1. Newcastle and the surrounding area
2. 1400
3. yes
4. Northumberland
5. 1974
6. the Great North Run
7. the wool trade
8. the 14th century
9. a major coal mining area
10. the castle built in 1080 by Robert Curthose
11. William the Conqueror
12. yes
13. younger
14. Newcastle upon Tyne
15. North East England,
16. 103 miles (166 km) south of Edinburgh

Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

CHAPTER XXII

FUN AT THE HOTEL

It was no easy matter for Tom to get into the room Josiah Crabtree was occupying, but after trying a good number of keys, fished up here, there, and everywhere, one was at last found that fitted the lock.

Striking a match, Tom entered the room quickly, drew back the sheet of the bed, dumped in the crabs, and then pulled the sheet up to its original place.

"He's coming!" whispered Sam, who stood guard at the door. "Hide, Tom," and then he ran back to the big room adjoining.

Finding he could not escape, Tom threw the box under the bed and rushed to a closet in the corner. Here he crouched down behind a large trunk left in the place on storage. He had scarcely secreted himself when Josiah Crabtree came in. He had shoved his key in the lock, but had failed to notice that the lock-bolt was already turned back.

"Oh, what a cold night," muttered the ex-school teacher as he lit the gas. "A warm bed will feel fine."

"I reckon it will be warm enough," thought Tom.

As the room was scantily heated, Crabtree lost no time in disrobing. Having donned a long night robe, he turned off the gas, flung the sheets back, and leaped into bed.

Exactly ten seconds of silence followed. Then came a yell calculated to raise the dead.

"Whow! What's this? Oh! What's got me by the legs? Oh, oh! oh! I'm being eaten up alive! Let go there! Oh, dear!"

1. What was dumped in the bed?
2. Who put them there?
3. Who was keeping watch?
4. Where did hide?
5. Where at in the room?
6. What did he hide behind?
7. Was he able to remain unseen?
8. What had Josiah done previously as a career?
9. Was the room warm?
10. What did Josiah put on because of this?
11. Did he slowly get into bed?
12. How long was he in bed before he noticed the crabs?
13. What was his reaction?
14. How loud?
15. What did Tom use as a light source when entering the room?

Numbered answers:

A: 1. the crabs
2. Tom
3. Sam
4. the big room
5. a closet
6. a large trunk
7. yes
8. school teacher
9. No
10. the gas
11. No
12. ten seconds
13. a yell
14. calculated to raise the dead
15. a match

Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

The Bantu languages (), technically the Narrow Bantu languages as opposed to "Wide Bantu", a loosely defined categorization which includes other Bantoid languages, constitute a traditional branch of the NigerCongo languages. There are about 250 Bantu languages by the criterion of mutual intelligibility, though the distinction between language and dialect is often unclear, and "Ethnologue" counts 535 languages. Bantu languages are spoken largely east and south of present-day Cameroon, that is, in the regions commonly known as Central Africa, Southeast Africa, and Southern Africa. Parts of the Bantu area include languages from other language families (see map).

Estimates of number of speakers of most languages vary widely, due both to the lack of accurate statistics in most developing countries and the difficulty in defining exactly where the boundaries of a language lie, particularly in the presence of a dialect continuum.

The Bantu language with the largest total number of speakers is Swahili; however, the majority of its speakers know it as a second language. According to Ethnologue, there are over 180 million second-language (L2) speakers, but only about 2 million native speakers.

Other major languages include Zulu with 27 million speakers (15.7 million L2) and Shona with about 11 million speakers (if Manyika and Ndau are included). Ethnologue separates the largely mutually intelligible Kinyarwanda and Kirundi, which, if grouped together, have 12.4 million speakers.

1. How many Bantu languages are there using criteria of mutual intelligibility?
2. what about using "Ethnologue" criteria?
3. Which Bantu language has the most speakers?
4. Do most Swahili speakers learn it as a first language?
5. How many native Swahili speakers are there?
6. What other major Bantu language is there?
7. How many Zulu speakers are there?
8. How many learned Zulu as a second language?
9. Is there another major Zulu language?
10. What does Wide Bantu mean?
11. Where are Bantu languages spoken?
12. Do parts of Bantu areas include languages from other families?
13. Is it easy to determine the exact boundaries of a language?
14. Which language has about 11 million speakers?
15. What separates Kinyarwanda and Kirundi?
16. How many speakers do they have if grouped together?
17. Is Bantu a traditional branch of Niger-Congo languages?
18. Are there accurate statistics of language speakers in developing countries?

Numbered answers:

A:
1. about 250
2. 535
3. Swahili
4. no
5. 2 million
6. Zulu
7. 27 million
8. 15.7 million
9. no
10. a loosely defined categorization which includes other Bantoid languages
11. east and south of present-day Cameroon
12. yes
13. no
14. Shona
15. Ethnologue
16. 12.4 million
17. yes
18. no