Q: We know the famous ones--the Thomas Edisons and the Alexander Graham Bells--but what about the less famous inventors? What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper ? Shouldn't we know who they are?

Joan Mclean thinks so.In fact,Mclean,a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range,feels so strongly about this matter that she's developed a course on the topic.In addition to learning"who"invented"what",however,Mclean also likes her students to learn the answers to the"why''and''how"questions.According to Mclean."When students learn the answers to these questions,they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try.''

Her students agree.One young man with a patent for an unbreakable umbrella is walking proof of McLean's statement."If I had not heard the story of the windshield wiper's invention,"said Tommy Lee, a senior physics major,"I never would have dreamed of turning my bad experience during a rainstorm into something so constructive."Lee is currently negotiating to sell his patent to an umbrella producer.

So,just what is the story behind the windshield wiper Well,Mary Anderson came up with the idea in 1902 after a visit to New York City.The day was cold and stormy,but Anderson still wanted to see the sights,so she jumped aboard a streetcar.Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the windshield,she found herself wondering why there couldn't be a built--in device for cleaning the window.Still wondering about this when she returned home to Birmingham,Alabama, Anderson started drafting out solutions.One of her ideas,a lever on the inside of a vehicle that would control an arm on the outside,became the first windshield wiper.

Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations.It's hard to imagine driving without Garrett A.Morgan's traffic light.It's equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J.Blodgett's innovation that makes glass invisible.Can you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses?

1. Mountain University
2. Range
3. physics
4. learning"who"invented"what"
5. Two
6. the"why''and''how"
7. better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing
8. more motivated to give inventing a try.'
9. Garrett A.Morgan
10. making glass invisible
11. windows and eyeglasses
12. yes
13. an unbreakable umbrella
14. Tommy Lee
15. a bad experience during a rainstorm
16. the story of the windshield wiper's invention
17. Mary Anderson
18. in 1902
19. New York City
20. cold and stormy

Numbered questions:
1. where does Joan Mclean teach?
2. in?
3. what subject does she teach?
4. what course is she running?
5. how many othr questions does she like students to answer?
6. what are they?
7. what does this do for the students?
8. and?
9. Who invented the traffic light?
10. what did Kaltherine Blodgett innovate?
11. which is used in what?
12. Do Prof McLean's students agree with her?
13. What patent is mentioned?
14. who designed it?
15. what inspired him?
16. and waht story?
17. who invented them?
18. when?
19. where had she visited?
20. what was the weather?

Q: CHAPTER NINE.

HESTER INTRODUCED TO A NEW HOME AND NEW FRIENDS UNDER PECULIAR CIRCUMSTANCES, AND A NEW NAME.

Long before their flight was discovered Hester Sommers and Dinah had penetrated into a dense thicket, where the negress proceeded to produce a wonderful metamorphosis.

"Now, my dear," she said, hastily undoing a large bundle which she carried, while Hester, panting and terrified, sat down on the grass beside her, "don't you be frighted. I's your fri'nd. I's Dinah, de sister ob Peter de Great, an' de fri'nd also ob Geo'ge. So you make your mind easy."

"My mind is quite easy," said Hester; "and even if you were not Peter's sister, I'd trust you, because of the tone of your kind voice. But who is Geo'ge?"

Dinah opened her eyes very wide at this question, for Peter had already enlightened her mind a little as to the middy's feelings towards Hester.

"You not know Geo'ge?" she asked.

"Never heard of him before, Dinah."

"Geo'ge Foster?"

"Oh, I understand! It was your way of pronouncing his name that puzzled me," returned the girl, with a faint smile. "I'm glad you are his friend, too, poor fellow!"

"Well, you _is_ a babby!" exclaimed Dinah, who had been mixing up what appeared to be black paint in a wooden bowl. "Now, look yar, don't you be frighted. It's a matter ob life an' deaf, you know, but _I's_ your fri'nd! Jest you do zackly what I tells you."

"Yes, Dinah," said Hester, alarmed, notwithstanding, by the earnestness and solemnity of her new friend, "what am I to do?"

1. Hester Sommers and Dinah
2. before their flight was discovered
3. a metamorphosis
4. the negress
5. unknown
6. Now, my dear,
7. undoing a bundle
8. no
9. terrified
10. panting
11. Dinah
12. on the grass
13. Peter de Great

Numbered questions:
1. who went deep into the trees?
2. when?
3. what was happening in the trees>
4. of what?
5. how long before their flight was discovered?
6. what did Dinah say to Hester?
7. what was she doing at the time?
8. was it a small bundle?
9. how was Hester feeling?
10. what was she doing?
11. who did she sit by?
12. where at?
13. who is Dinah's brother?

Q: "Charles Chaplin was horn in London on April 16,1889.His parents were music ball actors. The Chaplin family were very poor,and life was difficult in London. Charlie,as his job was an actor. What he did was to do silly things to make called, used to do his mother's job in the theatre when she was ill. When he was only 17 years old,Chaplin got his first real job as an actor. What he did was to do silly things to make people laugh in the theatre.Seven years later he went to the USA. And over the next four years,he formed his own way of art. He developed the character of a homeless gentleman which became very popular. From the 1920s to the 19S0s.Chaplin made his most famous films. The film Modern Times(1936) shows his care about the modern industry workers. Many of his films describe the poor life and hard time of the working people during that period. Although Charlie Chaplin was British, he lived in the USA until 1953. But he never got US nationality. Then Chaplin ,his wife and his five children had to move to Switzerland where he lived until he died. When he was 83 years old,he won his only Oscar for the music he wrote for the film . He was named Sir Charles Chaplin at the age of 85. Charlie Chaplin died in Switzerland on December 25th,1975.

1. London
2. When he was 24
3. no
4. yes
5. five
6. Modern Times
7. no
8. Switzerland
9. 1953
10. yes
11. December 25th,1975
12. yes
13. an Oscar
14. 86

Numbered questions:
1. Where was Charles Chaplin born?
2. When did he more to the United States?
3. Did he become a U.S. citizen?
4. did he have any children?
5. how many?
6. Can you tell me the name of one of his movies?
7. Did he stay in the U.S. for the rest of his life?
8. Where did he go?
9. When did he move?
10. Did he stay there for the rest of his life?
11. when did he die?
12. Did he win any awards?
13. which one?
14. how old was he when he died?