Information: - The Duke of Norfolk is the premier Duke in the peerage of England, and also, as Earl of Arundel, the premier Earl. The Duke of Norfolk is, moreover, the Earl Marshal and hereditary Marshal of England. The seat of the Duke of Norfolk is Arundel Castle in Sussex, although the title refers to the county of Norfolk. The current Duke of Norfolk is Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk. The dukes have historically been Catholic, a state of affairs known as recusancy in England. - A papal bull is a particular type of public decree, letters patent, or charter issued by a pope of the Roman Catholic Church. It is named after the lead seal ("bulla") that was traditionally appended to the end in order to authenticate it. - A patron saint, patroness saint, patron hallow or heavenly protector is a saint who in Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy is regarded as the heavenly advocate of a nation, place, craft, activity, class, clan, family or person. Catholics believe that patron saints, having already transcended to the metaphysical, are able to intercede effectively for the needs of their special charges. - Catholic religious orders are, historically, a category of Catholic religious institutes. - Saint Dominic, also known as Dominic of Osma and Dominic of Caleruega, often called Dominic de Guzman and Domingo Felix de Guzman (August 8, 1170 August 6, 1221), was a Castilian priest and founder of the Dominican Order. Dominic is the patron saint of astronomers. - Hon. Philip Howard ( 21 September 1629 -- 17 June 1694 ) was an English Roman Catholic cardinal . Born the third son of Henry Frederick Howard ( afterwards Earl of Arundel and Surrey and head of the House of Norfolk ) and his wife , Elizabeth Stuart ( daughter of Esme Stuart , the Duke of Lennox ) , Howard was a member of the premier Catholic family in England . At the age of sixteen he joined the Dominican Order in Cremona , and was ordained in 1652 . He founded the priory of Bornem in Flanders , with a college for English youths attached to it , and was himself the first prior and novice master . He also founded at Vilvoorde a convent of nuns of the Second Order of Saint Dominic , now at Carisbrooke on the Isle of Wight . In the reign of Charles II , Father Howard was made grand almoner to Queen Catherine of Braganza and was one of the few who attended the royal wedding , according to the Catholic rite , celebrated privately in Winchester . He resided at St. James 's Palace , with a salary of 500 pounds a year , and had a position of influence at Court . Following an outbreak of anti-Catholic sentiment , he left England and resumed his position as prior at Bornem . In 1672 he was nominated as Vicar Apostolic of England with a see in partibus , but the appointment , owing to the opposition of the '' English Chapter '' to his being a vicar Apostolic , and the insistence that he should be a bishop with ordinary jurisdiction , was not confirmed . He was made cardinal in 1675 , by Pope Clement X , being assigned the title of Santa Cecilia in Trastevere , exchanged later for the Dominican church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva . He now took up his residence at Rome , especially watching over the interests of the Catholic faith in England . He was to have been Bishop of Helenopolis . In 1679 he was made Protector of England and Scotland . At his insistence the Feast of St. Edward the Confessor was extended to the whole Church . He rebuilt the English College in Rome , and revised the rules of Douai College . Howard... - The Order of Preachers (postnominal abbreviation O.P.), also known as the Dominican Order, is a mendicant Catholic religious order founded by the Spanish priest Dominic of Caleruega in France, approved by Pope Honorius III via the papal bull "Religiosam vitam" on 22 December 1216. Members of the order, who are referred to as "Dominicans", generally carry the letters O.P. after their names, standing for "Ordinis Praedicatorum", meaning "of the Order of Preachers". Membership in the order includes friars, nuns, active sisters, and affiliated lay or secular Dominicans (formerly known as tertiaries, though recently there has been a growing number of associates who are unrelated to the tertiaries). - Earl of Arundel is the oldest extant earldom and the oldest extant peerage in the Peerage of England. It is currently held by the Duke of Norfolk, and is used (along with the Earldom of Surrey) by his heir apparent as a courtesy title. It was created in 1138, for the Norman baron Sir William d'Aubigny. Until the mid-13th century, the earls were also frequently known as Earl of Sussex, until this title fell into disuse. At about the same time, the earldom fell to the originally Breton FitzAlan Family, a younger branch of which went on to become the Stuart Family, which later ruled Scotland. What object entity has the relation of 'religion' with the subject 'philip howard '? Choices: - catholic - catholic church - catholicism - church
catholic church
(Q).
Information: - Mackinac Island is an island and resort area, covering in land area, in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is located in Lake Huron, at the eastern end of the Straits of Mackinac, between the state's Upper and Lower Peninsulas. The island was home to an Odawa settlement before European exploration began in the 17th century. It served a strategic position as a center on the commerce of the Great Lakes fur trade. This led to the establishment of Fort Mackinac on the island by the British during the American Revolutionary War. It was the site of two battles during the War of 1812. - Lieutenant - General Patrick Sinclair ( 1736 -- 31 January 1820 ) was a British Army officer and governor in North America . He is best remembered for overseeing the construction of Fort Mackinac on Mackinac Island in what was to become the U.S. state of Michigan . - The War of 1812 was a military conflict that lasted from June 1812 to February 1815, fought between the United States of America and the United Kingdom, its North American colonies, and its Native American allies. Historians in the United States and Canada see it as a war in its own right, but the British often see it as a minor theatre of the Napoleonic Wars. By the war's end in early 1815, the key issues had been resolved and peace returned with no boundary changes. - Fort Mackinac (pronounced: "MACK-in-awe") is a former British and American military outpost garrisoned from the late 18th century to the late 19th century in the city of Mackinac Island, Michigan, on Mackinac Island. The British built the fort during the American Revolutionary War to control the strategic Straits of Mackinac between Lake Michigan and Lake Huron, and by extension the fur trade on the Great Lakes. The British did not relinquish the fort until fifteen years after American independence. - The American Revolutionary War (17751783), also referred to as the American War of Independence and the Revolutionary War in the United States, was an armed conflict between Great Britain and thirteen of its North American colonies that after onset of the war declared independence as the United States of America. What object entity has the relation of 'conflict' with the subject 'patrick sinclair'? Choices: - american revolutionary war - napoleonic wars - war of 1812
(A).
american revolutionary war