Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Flickr:EvelynGiggles. Antifreeze lowers the freezing temperature of the water in car radiators . CC BY 2.0. Q: What does antifreeze do to the freezing temperature of the water in car radiators? A:

OPTIONS:
- raises it
- keeps it constant
- foresees it
- lowers it

A: lowers it

input: OPTIONS:
- bending and volcanism
- pressure and volcanism
- swell and volcanism
- melting and volcanism Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Subduction of a plate leads to melting and volcanism. Q: What does subduction of a plate lead to? A:
A:
output: melting and volcanism

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Vertebral Column Developmental anomalies, pathological changes, or obesity can enhance the normal vertebral column curves, resulting in the development of abnormal or excessive curvatures (Figure 7.21). Kyphosis, also referred to as humpback or hunchback, is an excessive posterior curvature of the thoracic region. This can develop when osteoporosis causes weakening and erosion of the anterior portions of the upper thoracic vertebrae, resulting in their gradual collapse (Figure 7.22). Lordosis, or swayback, is an excessive anterior curvature of the lumbar region and is most commonly associated with obesity or late pregnancy. The accumulation of body weight in the abdominal region results an anterior shift in the line of gravity that carries the weight of the body. This causes in an anterior tilt of the pelvis and a pronounced enhancement of the lumbar curve. Scoliosis is an abnormal, lateral curvature, accompanied by twisting of the vertebral column. Compensatory curves may also develop in other areas of the vertebral column to help maintain the head positioned over the feet. Scoliosis is the most common vertebral abnormality among girls. The cause is usually unknown, but it may result from weakness of the back muscles, defects such as differential growth rates in the right and left sides of the vertebral column, or differences in the length of the lower limbs. When present, scoliosis tends to get worse during adolescent growth spurts. Although most individuals do not require treatment, a back brace may be recommended for growing children. In extreme cases, surgery may be required. Excessive vertebral curves can be identified while an individual stands in the anatomical position. Observe the vertebral profile from the side and then from behind to check for kyphosis or lordosis. Then have the person bend forward. If scoliosis is present, an individual will have difficulty in bending directly forward, and the right and left sides of the back will not be level with each other in the bent position. Q: An excessive posterior curvature of the thoracic region is also known as what? A:

OPTIONS:
- lordosis
- babesiosis
- osmosis
- kyphosis

Answer: kyphosis

Problem: OPTIONS:
- volcanic explosion
- magma eruption
- tsunami
- volcanic eruption
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: All volcanoes share the same basic features. First, mantle rock melts. The molten rock collects in magma chambers that can be 160 kilometers (100 miles) beneath the surface. As the rock heats, it expands. The hot rock is less dense than the surrounding rock. The magma rises toward the surface through cracks in the crust. A volcanic eruption occurs when the magma reaches the surface. Lava can reach the surface gently or explosively. Q: When magma reaches the surface through cracks in the earth's crust, what occurs? A:
Answer: volcanic eruption

Problem:OPTIONS:
- weight
- height
- birth rate
- age

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Figure 19.4 Survivorship curves show the distribution of individuals in a population according to age. Humans and most mammals have a Type I survivorship curve, because death primarily occurs in the older years. Birds have a Type II survivorship curve, as death at any age is equally probable. Trees have a Type III survivorship curve because very few survive the younger years, but after a certain age, individuals are much more likely to survive. Q: Survivorship curves show the distribution of individuals in a population according to what metric? A:
****
A: age

Problem:OPTIONS:
- chemicals
- substances
- minerals
- contaminants

Answer the following question given this paragraph: When compounds are synthesized, they often have contaminating materials mixed in with them. The process of recrystallization can be used to remove these impurities. The crystals are dissolved in a hot solvent, forming a solution. When the solvent is cooled the compound is no longer as soluble and will precipitate out of solution, leaving other materials still dissolved. Q: Recrystallization is a process that can remove what, which result when compounds are synthesized? A:
****
A:
contaminants