Answer the following question given this paragraph: 16.2 Prokaryotic Gene Regulation The regulation of gene expression in prokaryotic cells occurs at the transcriptional level. There are three ways to control the transcription of an operon: repressive control, activator control, and inducible control. Repressive control, typified by the trp operon, uses proteins bound to the operator sequence to physically prevent the binding of RNA polymerase and the activation of transcription. Therefore, if tryptophan is not needed, the repressor is bound to the operator and transcription remains off. Activator control, typified by the action of CAP, increases the binding ability of RNA polymerase to the promoter when CAP is bound. In this case, low levels of glucose result in the binding of cAMP to CAP. CAP then binds the promoter, which allows RNA polymerase to bind to the promoter better. In the last examplethe lac operontwo conditions must be met to initiate transcription. Glucose must not be present, and lactose must be available for the lac operon to be transcribed. If glucose is absent, CAP binds to the operator. If lactose is present, the repressor protein does not bind to its operator. Only when both conditions are met will RNA polymerase bind to the promoter to induce transcription. Q: What are the three ways to control the transcription of an operon? Choices: - hormonal, repressive, activator, - repressive, activator, spontaneous - transparent , activator , inducible - repressive, activator, inducible A:
repressive, activator, inducible
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Classification of Joints on the Basis of Function The functional classification divides joints into three categories: synarthroses, amphiarthroses, and diarthroses. A synarthrosis is a joint that is immovable. This includes sutures, gomphoses, and synchondroses. Amphiarthroses are joints that allow slight movement, including syndesmoses and symphyses. Diarthroses are joints that allow for free movement of the joint, as in synovial joints. Q: What category of joints is immovable? Choices: - amphiarthroses - sporozoans - diarthroses - synarthrosis A:
synarthrosis
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Both the increase in pressure and the decrease in temperature cause the volume of the gas sample to decrease. Since both changes are relatively small, the volume does not decrease dramatically. Q: If a gas in a closed area experiences increases in pressure and decreases in temperatures, what other attribute of the gas will be affected? Choices: - gravity - velocity - temperature - volume A:
A: volume
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: What makes the realized niche of chthamalus much smaller than its fundamental niche? Choices: - instantaneous competition - asexual competition - microscopic competition - interspecific competition A:
Answer: interspecific competition
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: This animation (http://openstaxcollege. org/l/insulin) describe the role of insulin and the pancreas in diabetes. Impaired insulin function can lead to a condition called diabetes mellitus, the main symptoms of which are illustrated in Figure 37.10. This can be caused by low levels of insulin production by the beta cells of the pancreas, or by reduced sensitivity of tissue cells to insulin. This prevents glucose from being absorbed by cells, causing high levels of blood glucose, or hyperglycemia (high sugar). High blood glucose levels make it difficult for the kidneys to recover all the glucose from nascent urine, resulting in glucose being lost in urine. High glucose levels also result in less water being reabsorbed by the kidneys, causing high amounts of urine to be produced; this may result in dehydration. Over time, high blood glucose levels can cause nerve damage to the eyes and peripheral body tissues, as well as damage to the kidneys and cardiovascular system. Oversecretion of insulin can cause hypoglycemia, low blood glucose levels. This causes insufficient glucose availability to cells, often leading to muscle weakness, and can sometimes cause unconsciousness or death if left untreated. Q: Oversecretion of insulin can cause what? Choices: - hyperglycemia - inflammation - hypoxia - hypoglycemia A:
**Answer**
hypoglycemia
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Water has the properties of cohesion and adhesion. Define these two properties, and explain why they occur in water. Q: Water has the properties of cohesion and what else? Choices: - absorption - degradation - diffusion - adhesion A:
A: adhesion