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SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Youth Opioid Use Treatment Help Act
of 2016'' or the ''YOUTH Act''.

SEC. 2. REAUTHORIZATION OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT SERVICES FOR
CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS.

(a) In General.--Section 514 of the Public Health Service Act (42
U.S.C. 290bb-7) is amended--
(1) by striking ''abuse'' and inserting ''use'' each place
it appears;
(2) by striking ''children and adolescents'' and inserting
''children, adolescents, and young adults'' each place it
appears; and
(3) in subsection (f), by striking ''for fiscal years 2002
and 2003'' and inserting ''for each of fiscal years 2017
through 2022''.
(b) Technical Correction.--Section 514 of the Public Health Service
Act (42 U.S.C. 290bb-9), as added by section 3632 of the
Methamphetamine Anti-Proliferation Act of 2000 (Public Law 106-310; 114
Stat. 1236), is redesignated as section 514B.

SEC. 3. ACCESS TO MEDICATION-ASSISTED TREATMENT FOR ADOLESCENTS AND
YOUNG ADULTS DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM.

(a) In General.--The Secretary of Health and Human Services, acting
through the Director of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
(in this section referred to as the ''Director''), shall award grants
to eligible entities to establish demonstration programs to--
(1) expand access to medication-assisted treatment for
opioid use disorders among adolescents and young adults;
(2) identify and test solutions to overcoming barriers to
implementation of medication-assisted treatment for adolescents
and young adults; or
(3) create and distribute for pediatric health care
providers resources on medication-assisted treatment training
and implementation.
(b) Eligible Entities.--To be eligible to receive a grant under
subsection (a), an entity shall--
(1) be a State, political subdivision of a State, Indian
tribe, tribal organization, professional pediatric provider
organization, professional addiction medicine provider,
hospital, an institution of higher education, or other
appropriate public or nonprofit institution; and
(2) certify that it is in compliance with all applicable
registration and licensing requirements.
(c) Application.--To seek a grant under this section, an entity
shall submit to the Director an application at such time, in such
manner, and containing such information as the Director may require.
(d) Duration.--An eligible entity may receive funds under this
section to carry out a demonstration program described in this section
for a period of not greater than 3 years. After the first year for
which funding is provided to an eligible entity for a demonstration
program, funding may be provided under this section for a subsequent
year for such program only upon review of such program by the Director
and approval by the Director of such subsequent year of funding.
(e) Reports.--
(1) By grant recipients.--Each eligible entity awarded a
grant under this section for a demonstration program shall
submit to the Director progress reports on such demonstration
program at such times, in such manner, and containing such
information as the Director may require.
(2) By director.--Not later than one year after the date on
which all demonstration programs funded under this section have
been completed, the Director shall submit to the Committee on
Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate, and the
Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of
Representatives a report that--
(A) describes the availability of medication-
assisted treatment for adolescents and young adults
with opioid use disorders in the United States,
including barriers to such treatment;
(B) describes the specific demonstration programs
carried out pursuant to this section;
(C) evaluates the effectiveness of such programs;
(D) evaluates any unintended consequences of such
programs; and
(E) provides recommendations for ensuring that
medication-assisted treatment is accessible to
adolescents and young adults with opioid use disorders.
(f) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) The phrase ''adolescents and young adults'' means
individuals who have attained 10 years of age and not yet
attained 26 years of age.
(2) The term ''medication-assisted treatment'' means
pharmacological treatments approved by the Food and Drug
Administration, in combination with counseling and behavioral
therapies.
(3) The term ''opioid use disorder'' means a substance use
disorder that is a problematic pattern of opioid use leading to
clinically significant impairment or distress occurring within
a 12-month period.
(4) The term ''pediatric health care provider'' means a
provider of health care to individuals who have attained 10
years of age and not yet attained 26 years of age.
(5) The term ''professional pediatric provider
organization'' means a national organization whose members
consist primarily of pediatric health care providers.
(g) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be
appropriated $5,000,000 to carry out this section.

SEC. 4. GAO STUDY AND REPORT ON PROGRAMS AND RESEARCH RELATIVE TO
SUBSTANCE USE AND SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS AMONG
ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS.

(a) Study.--The Comptroller General of the United States shall
conduct a study on how Federal agencies are addressing prevention of,
treatment for, and recovery from substance use by and substance use
disorders among adolescents and young adults. Such study shall include
an analysis of each of the following:
(1) The research that has been, and is being, conducted or
supported by the Federal Government on prevention of, treatment
for, and recovery from substance use by and substance use
disorders among adolescents and young adults, including an
assessment of--
(A) such research relative to any unique
circumstances (including social and biological
circumstances) of adolescents and young adults that may
make adolescent-specific and young adult-specific
treatment protocols necessary, including any effects
that substance use and substance use disorders may have
on brain development and the implications for treatment
and recovery; and
(B) areas of such research in which greater
investment or focus is necessary relative to other
areas of such research.
(2) The Federal non-research programs and activities that
address prevention of, treatment for, and recovery from
substance use by and substance use disorders among adolescents
and young adults, including an assessment of the effectiveness
of such programs and activities in preventing substance use by
and substance use disorders among adolescents and young adults,
treating such adolescents and young adults in a way that
accounts for any unique circumstances faced by adolescents and
young adults, and supports long-term recovery among adolescents
and young adults.
(3) Gaps that have been identified by Federal officials and
experts in Federal efforts relating to prevention of, treatment
for, and recovery from substance use by and substance use
disorders among adolescents and young adults, including gaps in
research, data collection, and measures to evaluate the
effectiveness of Federal efforts, and the reasons for such
gaps.
(b) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of
this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate
committees of the Congress a report containing the results of the study
conducted under subsection (a), including--
(1) a summary of the findings of the study; and
(2) recommendations based on the results of the study,
including recommendations for such areas of research and
legislative and administrative action as the Comptroller
General determines appropriate.
Output:
Youth Opioid Use Treatment Help Act of 2016 or the YOUTH Act This bill amends the Public Health Service Act to revise and reauthorize through FY2022 grants for substance abuse treatment services for children and adolescents. The grant program is expanded to cover young adults. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) must award grants for demonstration programs to: (1) expand access to medication-assisted treatment for opioid use disorders among adolescents and young adults, or (2) create and distribute for pediatric health care providers resources on medication-assisted treatment training and implementation. AHRQ must report on the demonstration programs and the availability of medication-assisted treatment for adolescents and young adults. The report must include recommendations for ensuring such treatment is accessible. The Government Accountability Office must study how federal agencies are addressing substance use and substance use disorders among adolescents and young adults.