Answer the following question given this paragraph: The products of proto-oncogenes are required for normal growth, repair and homeostasis. However, when these genes are mutated, they turn into oncogenes and play a role in the development of cancer. Proto-oncogenes may be growth factors, transcription factors, or other proteins involved in regulation. A very common oncogene, ras , is normally a regulatory GTPase that switches a signal transduction chain on and off. Ras and Ras-related proteins are products of oncogenes found in 20% to 30% of human tumors. The transcription factor myc is an oncogene often seen mutated in Burkitt's lymphoma, a rare type of lymphoma, a cancer of the lymphocytes. Q: Mutation of beneficial proto-oncogenes is a prime culprit in what disease? Choices: - heart disease - diabetes - obesity - cancer A:
cancer
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Light slows down when it enters water from the air. This causes the wave to refract, or bend. Q: What causes light to refract? Choices: - speeding up - blinking - bending - slowing down A:
slowing down
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Human senses include sight, hearing, balance, taste, smell, and touch. Q: Sight, hearing, balance, taste, smell, and touch are types of what? Choices: - sensation types - memories - temperaments - senses A:
A: senses
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: A vapor light also produces visible light by electroluminescence The bulb contains a small amount of solid sodium or mercury as well as a mixture of neon and argon gases. When an electric current passes through the gases, it causes the solid sodium or mercury to change to a gas and emit visible light. Sodium vapor lights, like the streetlight pictured in the Figure below , produce yellowish light. Mercury vapor lights produce bluish light. In addition to lighting city streets, vapor lights are used to light highways and stadiums. The bulbs are very bright and long lasting so they are a good choice for these places. Q: When electricity is passed through solid sodium it changes into what and gives off light? Choices: - plasma - liquids - hydrocarbons - gas A:
Answer: gas
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Discussion The intensity goes up by a factor of 4 when the amplitude doubles. This answer is a little disquieting. The two individual waves each have intensities of 1.00 W/m 2 , yet their sum has an intensity of 4.00 W/m 2 , which may appear to violate conservation of energy. This violation, of course, cannot happen. What does happen is intriguing. The area over which the intensity is 4.00 W/m 2 is much less than the area covered by the two waves before they interfered. There are other areas where the intensity is zero. The addition of waves is not as simple as our first look in Superposition and Interference suggested. We actually get a pattern of both constructive interference and destructive interference whenever two waves are added. For example, if we have two stereo speakers putting out 1.00 W/m 2 each, there will be places in the room where the intensity is 4.00 W/m 2 , other places where the intensity is zero, and others in between. Figure 16.45 shows what this interference might look like. We will pursue interference patterns elsewhere in this text. Q: Two types of interference found in waves are constructive and what else? Choices: - osmotic - conductive - primitive - destructive A:
**Answer**
destructive
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: 21.2 | Threats to Biodiversity By the end of this section, you will be able to: Identify significant threats to biodiversity Explain the effects of habitat loss, exotic species, and hunting on biodiversity Identify the early and predicted effects of climate change on biodiversity The core threat to biodiversity on the planet, and therefore a threat to human welfare, is the combination of human population growth and the resources used by that population. The human population requires resources to survive and grow, and those resources are being removed unsustainably from the environment. The three greatest proximate threats to biodiversity are habitat loss, overharvesting, and introduction of exotic species. The first two of these are a direct result of human population growth and resource use. The third results from increased mobility and trade. A fourth major cause of extinction, anthropogenic (human-caused) climate change, has not yet had a large impact, but it is predicted to become significant during this century. Global climate change is also a consequence of human population needs for energy and the use of fossil fuels to meet those needs (Figure 21.7). Environmental issues, such as toxic pollution, have specific targeted effects on species, but are not generally seen as threats at the magnitude of the others. Q: The three greatest proximate threats to biodiversity are habitat loss, overharvesting, and introduction of what? Choices: - solar radiation - carbon dioxide - carbon monoxide - exotic species A:
**Answer**
exotic species