Answer the following question given this paragraph: Atoms or groups of atoms that carry an overall electrical charge are referred to as ions. Cations can be formed when a neutral species loses electrons, while anions are formed when a neutral species gains electrons. Q: What are atoms or groups of atoms called which carry and electrical charge? A:
OPTIONS:
- protons
- molecules
- electrons
- ions
ions

Answer the following question given this paragraph: The atmosphere contains small amounts of carbon dioxide. Climatologists have found that humans are putting a lot of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. This is mostly from burning fossil fuels. The extra carbon dioxide traps heat from the Sun. Trapped heat causes the atmosphere to heat up. We call this global warming ( Figure below ). Q: Which gas is responsible for global warming? A:
OPTIONS:
- oxygen
- hydrocarbons
- ozone
- carbon dioxide

Answer: carbon dioxide

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Figure 16.8 Pituitary Tumor The pituitary gland is located in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone within the cranial floor, placing it immediately inferior to the optic chiasm. If the pituitary gland develops a tumor, it can press against the fibers crossing in the chiasm. Those fibers are conveying peripheral visual information to the opposite side of the brain, so the patient will experience "tunnel vision"meaning that only the central visual field will be perceived. Q: Which gland is located in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone within the cranial floor? A:
OPTIONS:
- mammalian gland
- thyroid gland
- glucose gland
- pituitary gland
Answer: pituitary gland

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The atomic number defines the identity of an element. Q: The atomic number defines the identity of what? A:
OPTIONS:
- atomic reaction
- neutralized molecule
- periodic table
- element
output: element

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Transition metals include the elements that are placed below the periodic table. Those that follow lanthanum (La) are called lanthanides. They are all shiny, relatively reactive metals. Those that follow Actinium (Ac) are called actinides. They are all radioactive metals. This means they are unstable. They break down into different, more stable elements. You can read more about radioactive elements in the chapter Nuclear Chemistry . Many of the actinides do not occur in nature but are made in laboratories. Q: What do you call the metal elements listed below the periodic table? A:

OPTIONS:
- rare metals
- shift metals
- process metals
- transition metals

A: transition metals

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Earth's magnetic poles have switched places repeatedly in the past. As you can see in the Figure below , each time the switch occurred, Earth's magnetic field was reversed. The magnetic field is the region around a magnet over which it exerts magnetic force. We think of today's magnetic field direction as "normal," but that's only because it's what we're used to. You can watch a simulation of a magnetic field reversal at this URL: http://www. pbs. org/wgbh/nova/earth/when-our-magnetic-field-flips. html. Q: The earth's magnetic poles have done what repeatedly in the past? A:
OPTIONS:
- rotated
- stayed the same
- demagnetized
- switched places
switched places