Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Ex Input:
Phagocytes, especially monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, play a pivotal role in the innate and adaptive immune responses during sepsis. We have shown that inhibition of histone deacetylase 6 improves survival and increases bacterial clearance in a mouse model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The aim of this study was to determine whether this effect was associated with changes in the number and composition of different blood cell types in the circulation.', 'C57BL/6J mice were subjected to CLP, and 1h later given an intraperitoneal injection of either Tubastatin A dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide, or dimethyl sulfoxide only. Sham-operated animals were treated in an identical fashion but not subjected to CLP. Forty-eight hours later, peripheral blood was obtained via cardiac puncture and analyzed using a HemaTrue veterinary hematology analyzer.', 'Tubastatin A administration increased the number of circulating monocytes in the sham-operated and the CLP animals. In comparison with the sham, CLP animals displayed an increase in the granulocyte percentage in white blood cells and decrease in the lymphocyte number and percentage, with a resultant increase in the granulocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio. Treatment of CLP animals with Tubastatin A decreased the granulocyte percentage and restored the lymphocyte number and percentage, which decreased the granulocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio. In the sham animals, Tubastatin A increased red blood cell number, hematocrit, and hemoglobin. This effect was not seen in CLP animals.

Ex Output:
0

Ex Input:
Although allergic sensitization can be generated against various allergens, it is unknown how such a diversity of antigens is able to promote TH2-mediated inflammation leading to atopy. Our previous studies demonstrated that allergen-specific IgG immune complexes (ICs) and house dust mite (HDM) extract both induced dendritic cells (DCs) to drive TH2-mediated inflammation, but the mechanism by which these diverse stimuli produce similar responses is unknown.', 'We sought to identify the DC signaling pathways used by TH2 stimuli to promote TH2-mediated inflammation.', 'C57BL/6, FcRIII(-/-), FcR(-/-), and ST2(-/-) mice were sensitized and challenged with HDM, and inflammation was assessed based on results of flow cytometry and histology and cytokine production. Bone marrow-derived DCs from these strains were used in signaling and adoptive transfer experiments.', 'Our findings indicate that 2 distinct TH2 stimuli, ICs and HDM, use the FcR-associated receptors FcRIII and Dectin-2, respectively, to promote TH2-mediated lung inflammation. In this study we demonstrate that both ICs and HDM induce expression of IL-33, a critical mediator in asthma pathogenesis and the differentiation of TH2 cells, in DCs. Upregulation of IL-33 in DCs is dependent on FcR, Toll-like receptor 4, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Exogenous IL-33 is sufficient to restore the development of TH2 responses in FcR-deficient mice. Finally, adoptive transfer of allergen-pulsed FcR(+/-) bone-marrow derived DCs restores the development of TH2-type inflammation in FcR-deficient mice, demonstrating the necessity of this signaling pathway in DCs for allergen-induced inflammation.

Ex Output:
1

Ex Input:
We sought to evaluate whether improvement in ejection fraction (EF) with carvedilol therapy is accompanied by improvement in neurohumoral factors.', 'Forty-two patients with dilated cardiomyopathy were given carvedilol for 3 to 5 months. Changes in EF, plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and norepinephrine levels were determined. Iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) images were also obtained before and after carvedilol therapy. Myocardial uptake of MIBG was calculated as the heart to mediastinal activity ratio (H/M). Storage and release of MIBG was calculated as percent myocardial MIBG washout rate (WR). We divided patients into 2 groups: 27 responders whose EF increased by more than 5% and 15 nonresponders whose EF increased by 5% or less. EF of responders increased by 15 +/- 5% and that of nonresponders by 1 +/- 4%. Although MIBG image-derived indexes of nonresponders remained unchanged, the delayed H/M (1.91 +/- 0.34 v 2.24 +/- 0.53, P < .01) and WR (49 +/- 11 v 39 +/- 9%, P < .01) of responders improved, respectively. The plasma ANP (51 +/- 50 v 27 +/- 24 pg/mL, P < .01) and BNP (194 +/- 197 v 49 +/- 62 pg/mL, P < .01) levels of responders decreased. The degree of changes in the plasma BNP level correlated with changes in EF (r = -.698, P < .01).

Ex Output:
0