Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

Nanjing ( listen; Chinese: , "Southern Capital") is the city situated in the heartland of lower Yangtze River region in China, which has long been a major centre of culture, education, research, politics, economy, transport networks and tourism. It is the capital city of Jiangsu province of People's Republic of China and the second largest city in East China, with a total population of 8,216,100, and legally the capital of Republic of China which lost the mainland during the civil war. The city whose name means "Southern Capital" has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having served as the capitals of various Chinese dynasties, kingdoms and republican governments dating from the 3rd century AD to 1949. Prior to the advent of pinyin romanization, Nanjing's city name was spelled as Nanking or Nankin. Nanjing has a number of other names, and some historical names are now used as names of districts of the city, and among them there is the name Jiangning (), whose former character Jiang (, River) is the former part of the name Jiangsu and latter character Ning (, simplified form , Peace) is the short name of Nanjing. When being the capital of a state, for instance, ROC, Jing () is adopted as the abbreviation of Nanjing. Although as a city located in southern part of China becoming Chinese national capital as early as in Jin dynasty, the name Nanjing was designated to the city in Ming dynasty, about a thousand years later. Nanjing is particularly known as Jinling (, literally meaning Gold Mountain) and the old name has been used since the Warring States Period in Zhou Dynasty.

1. What is Nanjing known for?
2. Nanjing is the capital of which state?
3. what is the population of Nanjing?
4. during which period, it was the capital of China?
5. what are the other names of Nanjing?
6. when did this city get its name Nanjing?
7. when did it first become china's national capital?
8. when was its old name Jinling used?
9. what is the meaning of JInling?
10. what is the short name of Nanjing?
11. where is the city Nanjing situated?

Numbered answers:

A: 1. Culture, education, research, politics, economy, transport networks and tourism.
2. Jiangsu.
3. 8,216,100.
4. before the civil war.
5. Jiangning is one.
6. During the Ming dynasty
7. 3rd century AD
8. Since the Warring States Period in Zhou Dynasty.
9. Gold Mountain
10. Jinling
11. The heartland of lower Yangtze River region.

Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

CHAPTER XIII. UMBELAZI THE FALLEN

So I stayed on at Nodwengu, who, indeed, had no choice in the matter, and was very wretched and ill at ease. The place was almost deserted, except for a couple of regiments which were quartered there, the Sangqu and the Amawombe. This latter was the royal regiment, a kind of Household Guards, to which the Kings Chaka, Dingaan and Panda all belonged in turn. Most of the headmen had taken one side or the other, and were away raising forces to fight for Cetewayo or Umbelazi, and even the greater part of the women and children had gone to hide themselves in the bush or among the mountains, since none knew what would happen, or if the conquering army would not fall upon and destroy them.

A few councillors, however, remained with Panda, among whom was old Maputa, the general, who had once brought me the "message of the pills." Several times he visited me at night and told me the rumours that were flying about. From these I gathered that some skirmishes had taken place and the battle could not be long delayed; also that Umbelazi had chosen his fighting ground, a plain near the banks of the Tugela.

"Why has he done this," I asked, "seeing that then he will have a broad river behind him, and if he is defeated water can kill as well as spears?"

"I know not for certain," answered Maputa; "but it is said because of a dream that Saduko, his general, has dreamed thrice, which dream declares that there and there alone Umbelazi will find honour. At any rate, he has chosen this place; and I am told that all the women and children of his army, by thousands, are hidden in the bush along the banks of the river, so that they may fly into Natal if there is need."

1. Were there many people at the place?
2. Where has he remained?
3. Who was still there?
4. Anyone else?
5. Was anyone associated with royalty?
6. Whom?
7. What are they?
8. Did any rulers belong to this?
9. How many?
10. Who were they?
11. Did anyone choose sides?
12. Who did this?
13. Did anyone stay with Panda?
14. How many did?
15. Can you name one?
16. What does he do?
17. When would he visit him?
18. To discuss what?
19. Who had chosen a site to battle?
20. Where had he picked?

Numbered answers:

A: 1. No
2. Nodwengu,
3. A couple of regiments.
4. Sangqu and the Amawombe.
5. yes
6. The royal regiment.
7. A kind of Household Guards,
8. Yes.
9. Three.
10. The Kings Chaka, Dingaan and Panda all belonged in turn
11. Yes
12. Most of the headmen .
13. Yes
14. A few.
15. Maputa.
16. A general.
17. At night.
18. The rumours that were flying about.
19. Umbelazi
20. A plain near the banks of the Tugela.

Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

The Napoleonic Wars (18031815), were a series of major conflicts pitting the French Empire and its allies, led by Napoleon I, against a fluctuating array of European powers formed into various coalitions, financed and usually led by Great Britain. The wars stemmed from the unresolved disputes associated with the French Revolution and its resultant conflict. The wars are often categorised into five conflicts, each termed after the coalition that fought Napoleon; the Third Coalition (1805), the Fourth (18067), Fifth (1809), Sixth (1813), and the Seventh and final (1815).

Napoleon, upon ascending to First Consul of France in 1799, had inherited a chaotic republic; he subsequently created a state with stable finances, a strong bureaucracy, and a well-trained army. In 1805, Austria and Russia waged war against France. In response, Napoleon defeated the allied Russo-Austrian army at Austerlitz in December 1805, which is considered his greatest victory. At sea, the British inflicted a severe defeat in October 1805 upon the joint Franco-Spanish navy, securing British control of the seas and preventing the invasion of Britain itself. Prussian concerns about increasing French power led to a resumption of war in October 1806. Napoleon quickly defeated the Prussians, and defeated Russia in June 1807, bringing an uneasy peace to the continent. The peace failed; war broke out two years later in 1809, and this coalition was soon defeated.

1. Who led the Napoleonic Wars?
2. When were they?
3. What happened in 1805?
4. When was the fourth?
5. The Sixth?
6. The final?
7. What office did Napoleon get in 1799?
8. Did someone wage war against France in 1805?
9. Name one of the countries that did?
10. And the other?
11. Did Napoleon defeat them?
12. Where?
13. When?
14. Where did the British fight?
15. Was Britain invaded?
16. When did Napoleon defeat Russia?
17. Did the ensuing peace last?
18. When did war break out again?
19. Is the French revolution mentioned in this article?
20. Was France allied with any other country?

Numbered answers:

A:
1. Napoleon I
2. 18031815
3. the Third Coalition
4. 18067
5. 1813
6. 1815
7. First Consul of France
8. yes
9. Austria
10. Russia
11. yes
12. Austerlitz
13. December 1805
14. At sea
15. no
16. June 1807
17. no
18. 1809
19. yes
20. yes