Problem: Write an article based on this summary: Define a scientific fact. Provide examples of scientific facts. Clarify the distinction between scientific laws and facts. Clear up any common misconceptions.

Answer: In scientific terminology, a fact is an observation that has been repeatedly observed and is accepted as practically functional and "correct." While facts can be scientifically refuted or may not be consistent across time and place, they are held as true until they have been proven wrong. As you explain this concept, focus especially on separating fact from law, since both describe natural phenomena, albeit in different ways. When explaining a scientific fact, start with a point of general observation. For example, begin your explanation by saying something like, "it is always bright outside at noon." This is a fact in that it describes a state of naturehowever, this statement may not be true in Antarctica or Greenland, where darkness lasts throughout the day in certain seasons. Explain how this will lead to a revision of the scientific fact: "within certain degrees of latitude, it is always bright outside at noon." Facts are often the initial building blocks of scientific inquiry; they can generate curiosity and the hypotheses that come from inquiry and experimentation. Facts are less formal than laws, and are not seen as an "official" definition of a phenomenon that occurs or of the reason that something happens. Facts are more localized and generalize less than laws. Explain that, if the Law of Evolution describes the way that species throughout the world evolve over time, a scientific fact related to evolution (and natural selection) could be: "giraffes with long necks can reach more leaves than giraffes with short necks." Many students and adults hold to misunderstandings of scientific vocabulary and misunderstand the relationship of theories, laws, and facts. For example, scientific theories do not develop into scientific laws. To explain the difference, focus on this distinction: laws describe phenomena, theories explain phenomena, and facts describe observations.

Problem: Write an article based on this summary: Watch for non-productive retching. Monitor for non-productive urination. Look for any weakness.

Answer: If your dog is trying to vomit, and cannot, this can be associated with the life-threatening condition, bloat. Get your dog to the vet immediately in order to ensure the best outcome. If your dog is trying to urinate, but is unable to do so, take it to the veterinarian quickly. Inability to urinate indicates some form of blockage and can be quite serious. If your dog is having trouble standing, is swaying, or has collapsed then you must seek care quickly. Even if your dog is tired, it will be able to stand and move. Collapsing is a definite sign that your dog needs medical attention.

Problem: Write an article based on this summary: Get a head start on your lab report as soon as possible. Write your report with the primary goal of readability. Determine your present audience, and potential future ones. Outline the general structure of your lab report. Break sections of your report into subsections, if necessary.

Answer: You may have difficulty fighting the urge to procrastinate, but keep in mind that feedback and revisions can sometimes take up to a week. If you wait, you may forget a lot of important details from the experiment. Having a rough version of your report at the ready a month in advance can save you from unnecessary stress and from having to turn in unpolished work. You may have performed supplemental experiments/simulations, or repeated your initial experience after receiving your first round of feedback. Feedback should go through the following stages ideally: (a) Self-review and revision (b) Peer review and constructive feedback (c) Advisor/instructor review and feedback The goal of your experiment or the goal of proving or disproving certain hypotheses is essentially unimportant when you are writing a lab report. The data contained in it could be anything, and you may very well have to write lab reports in the future that seem silly or unnecessary. The goal of your lab report is to be read and evaluated by another person, like your instructor. It can help to remind yourself of this goal at the beginning of every section before you start writing. When you finish a section of your report, read it through carefully and at the end of it, ask yourself: was that easy to read and understand? Did I succeed in my goal? The narrowest purpose of your lab report is to enable your seniors, advisors, and/or an evaluation committee to confirm your ability to consistently and clearly produce a report. But once you start devising and performing labs of your own, it's quite possible that your peers or juniors will utilize it as a resource. If you believe your paper might be of use to researchers in another discipline, like a social science, you may want to include definitions or explanations for the more technical jargon used in your paper. Take a piece of scrap paper and pencil and list the necessary sections of your lab report in order. Under each section, jot a few sentences that summarize what must be covered in that section. Due to the fact that different instructors have different preferences, you should check your lab report handout or course syllabus to verify expectations for the order and content of your report. Most lab reports are organized, first to last: background information, problem, hypothesis, materials, procedure, data, and your interpretation of what happened as a conclusion. Technical aspects of your paper might require significant explanation. This may necessitate the use of subsections so that you can appropriately delve into and explain those nuanced aspects of your lab problem. The organization of the body of your lab report will be specific to your problem/experiment. You may also have a separate section for the statement of your design methodology, experimental methodology, or proving subsidiary/intermediary theorems in your report.

Problem: Write an article based on this summary: Meet with a dietitian. Calculate your recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for protein. Determine your RDA by percentage. Adjust your RDA. Consider how protein functions. Understand how proteins are built.

Answer:
Since each person's needs vary and depend on a number of factors, consider working with a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist, who has been trained to determine your specific dietary needs. Ask your doctor to recommend a nutritionist or find a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist from the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Weigh yourself in the morning after using the toilet. Do this for five mornings and figure out your average weight. Multiply your average weight in pounds by 0.36. The result is your recommended protein intake in grams. The RDA for protein is 0.8 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight, which is why you should multiply your weight by 0.36. You can also use online calculators to determine your RDA: http://fnic.nal.usda.gov/fnic/interactiveDRI/ For example, a person who weighs 120 pounds should eat 43.2 grams of protein a day (120 x 0.36 = 43.2). Another way to look at protein intake is to look at percentages. Depending on your age, gender, state of overall health, activity level and whether you need to lose or gain weight, your protein goal should be about 10 25% of your total daily calories. While this amount may seem high when figured as a percentage, dietitians remind that RDA is the minimum amount needed to function. Most Americans get 16% of their calories from protein, although they should be getting more. Some people need more protein than others. In general, children and teenagers need more protein (20 25% of calories) than adults. Men need more protein than women. And pregnant and lactating women need more protein than non-pregnant women (75 to 100 g per day). Older populations may need more protein to guard against sarcopenia, so aim for 1.2 g protein per kg. If you have kidney or liver disease, you should decrease the protein in your diet according to your doctor's recommendation. Proteins can act as hormones, becoming chemical messengers that tell cells what to do and when to do it. Proteins are also enzymes, substances that can perform chemical reactions over and over again. In addition, proteins act as antibodies which bind to infectious or foreign particles. Antibodies are one of the body's main lines of defense. Protein also makes up the structure and support of every cell in the body. Transport proteins allow substances to move in and out of the cells. When we eat whole proteins, the groups of amino acids are broken down into individual amino acids then re-sequenced into whichever amino acids our bodies need at that particular moment. The amino acids are linked and folded in different ways. There are twenty types of amino acids found in proteins which fall into three main groups: Essential amino acids: You must get these from your diet, as they cannot be made by your body. Non-essential amino acids: These are produced by the body. Conditional amino acids: These are ones that we would normally be able to produce in the necessary amount, but during times of stress and illness we need more.