Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

Modernism is a philosophical movement that, along with cultural trends and changes, arose from wide-scale and far-reaching transformations in Western society during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Among the factors that shaped modernism were the development of modern industrial societies and the rapid growth of cities, followed then by reactions of horror to World War I. Modernism also rejected the certainty of Enlightenment thinking, and many modernists rejected religious belief.

Modernism, in general, includes the activities and creations of those who felt the traditional forms of art, architecture, literature, religious faith, philosophy, social organization, activities of daily life, and even the sciences, were becoming ill-fitted to their tasks and outdated in the new economic, social, and political environment of an emerging fully industrialized world. The poet Ezra Pound's 1934 injunction to "Make it new!" was the touchstone of the movement's approach towards what it saw as the now obsolete culture of the past. In this spirit, its innovations, like the stream-of-consciousness novel, atonal (or pantonal) and twelve-tone music, divisionist painting and abstract art, all had precursors in the 19th century.

A notable characteristic of modernism is self-consciousness and irony concerning literary and social traditions, which often led to experiments with form, along with the use of techniques that drew attention to the processes and materials used in creating a painting, poem, building, etc. Modernism explicitly rejected the ideology of realism and makes use of the works of the past by the employment of reprise, incorporation, rewriting, recapitulation, revision and parody.

1. what shaped modernism?
2. and?
3. what has it rejected?
4. which poet is mentioned?
5. how many characteristics does modernism have?
6. what are they?
7. what are these concerned with?
8. what did these lead to?
9. has it rejected anything?
10. what?
11. how is historical work used?
12. is there more?
13. what?
14. what is modernism?
15. when did it flourish?
16. in which society?
17. what was it's touchstone?
18. when was this done?
19. when did artists all have precursors?

Numbered answers:

A: 1. development of modern industrial societies
2. rapid growth of cities
3. Enlightenment thinking,
4. Ezra Pound
5. Two
6. self-consciousness and irony
7. literary and social traditions,
8. experiments with form,
9. yes
10. the ideology of realism
11. by the employment of reprise, incorporation, rewriting,
12. yes
13. recapitulation, revision and parody.
14. a philosophical movement
15. late 19th and early 20th centuries
16. Western society
17. Ezra Pound's injunction to "Make it new"
18. 1934
19. 19th century

Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

Computer Graphics Metafile (CGM) is a free and open international standard file format for 2D vector graphics, raster graphics, and text, and is defined by ISO/IEC 8632.

All graphical elements can be specified in a textual source file that can be compiled into a binary file or one of two text representations. CGM provides a means of graphics data interchange for computer representation of 2D graphical information independent from any particular application, system, platform, or device. CGM was developed by W3C in 1999 As a metafile, i.e., a file containing information that describes or specifies another file, the CGM format has numerous elements to provide functions and to represent entities, so that a wide range of graphical information and geometric primitives can be accommodated. Rather than establish an explicit graphics file format, CGM contains the instructions and data for reconstructing graphical components to render an image using an object-oriented approach.

Although CGM is not widely supported for web pages and has been supplanted by other formats in the graphic arts, it is still prevalent in engineering, aviation, and other technical applications.

The initial CGM implementation was effectively a streamed representation of a sequence of Graphical Kernel System primitive operations. It has been adopted to some extent in the areas of technical illustration and professional design, but has largely been superseded by formats such as SVG and DXF.

1. What is CGM?
2. What does it do?
3. Do many web pages support it?
4. What is it used in?
5. What did CGM start out as?
6. Is it used for professional design?
7. What else has it been used to do?
8. Is it the most popular format used?
9. What is used more widely used?
10. How are graphical elements specified?
11. Are they all like this?
12. Is CGM 2d or 3d?
13. When was it developed?
14. What is a metafile?
15. What does CGM contain the instructions for?

Numbered answers:

A: 1. Computer Graphics Metafile
2. ee and open international standard file format for 2D vector graphics, raster graphics, and text, and is defined by ISO/IEC 8632.
3. no
4. engineering, aviation, and other technical applications.
5. streamed representation of a sequence of Graphical Kernel System primitive operations.
6. yes
7. illustration
8. no
9. SVG and DXF.
10. in a textual source file
11. unknown
12. 2D
13. 1999
14. a file containing information that describes or specifies another file
15. reconstructing graphical components to render an image using an object-oriented approach.

Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

Washington (CNN) -- First-term Democratic incumbent North Carolina Sen. Kay Hagan lost in a tight contest against GOP challenger Thom Tillis, according to a CNN projection.

It was the most expensive Senate race this cycle: A great deal of the funding was provided by out-of-state organizations backing harsh television attack ads.

The neck-and-neck race was key to Republicans' plans to win back the Senate from Democrats. With 99% of precincts reporting their vote totals, Tillis had 49 % to Hagan's 47%.

Tillis is known for his conservative stances on issues like same-sex marriage and women's abortion rights. He worked to nationalize the race by tying Hagan to President Obama, who suffers from high disapproval ratings in the Tar Heel state even though he -- along with Hagan -- were victorious there in 2008.

Tillis made national news in late October when he debated an empty chair on live television after his opponent refused to attend what was initially billed as a debate between the two candidates.

Hagan launched aggressive attacks on Tillis' tenure in the state legislature, highlighting how his legislature cut unemployment benefits, slashed funding for education and prohibited the expansion of Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act. She also worked to bolster her own appeal with racial minorities by pointing out Tillis' enactment of a strict voter identification law.

Neither candidate has enjoyed much popularity in the state according to an NBC News/Marist poll from last week showing Hagan's disapproval rating at 48 percent and Tillis' at 44 percent.

1. Did Kay Hagan win her race?
2. Who was her opponent?
3. Was it a tight election?
4. Was it an inexpensive campaign?
5. Who gave most of the funds?
6. What kind of advertising did they pay for?
7. Was the election important to one of the parties?
8. Which party?
9. Why was it important to them?
10. At the time of this story, how many districts had reported back?
11. What percent of the vote did Tillis get?
12. And his rival?
13. Is Tillis considered liberal?
14. What issues is he known for right-wing views on?
15. Anything else?
16. What political figure did he try to tie his rival to?
17. Is Obama popular in North Carolina?
18. What did Tillis make headlines for?
19. Why did he do that?
20. What organization reported on the election?
21. Has Hagan served multiple terms?

Numbered answers:

A:
1. No.
2. Thom Tillis.
3. Yes.
4. No.
5. Out-of-state organizations.
6. Attack ads.
7. Yes.
8. Republicans.
9. To win back the Senate from Democrats.
10. 99%.
11. 49 %.
12. 47%.
13. No.
14. Same-sex marriage.
15. Women's abortion rights.
16. Obama.
17. No.
18. When he debated an empty chair on live television.
19. His opponent refused to attend.
20. CNN.
21. No.