Article: For a classful network total bits is 8. So Total bits = Tb = 8. The total bits used for subnetting (n) is determined by the subnet mask. Subnet masks can be 0, 128, 192, 224, 240, 248, 252, 254 and 255. The number of bits used for subnetting (n) to their corresponding subnet mask is as follows: 0=0, 128=1, 192=2, 224=3, 240=4, 248=5, 252=6, 254=7, and 255=8. Subnet mask 255 is default, so it'll not be considered for subnet masking. For example: Let's assume the IP address is 210.1.1.100 and Subnet mask is 255.255.255.224. The total bits= Tb = 8. The number of bits used for subnetting for subnet mask 224 is 3. The equation to determine the number of bits left to host is (m) = Tb - n. From the previous step, you got the number of bits used for subnetting (n) and you know the total bits used "Tb=8". then you can get the number of bits left for host by subtracting 8-n. Using the example above, n=3. The number of bits left for host is (m) = 8 - 3 = 5. 5 is the number of bits you have left to host. The number of subnets is 2n. The number of hosts per subnet = 2m - 2. In our example, the number of subnets is 2n = 23 = 8. 8 is the total number of subnets. The number of hosts per subnet is represented by the formula 2m - 2. Now you can find previously calculated number of subnets by separating subnets each having value of last bit used for subnet masking or . In our example, =32. So we can separate IP addresses in increments of 32. The 8 subnets (as calculated in previous step) are shown above. Each of them has 32 addresses. The lowest address in a subnet is the network address. The highest address in a subnet is the broadcast address. The lowest address of the subnet your IP address falls in is the network address. The highest address in the subnet your IP address falls in is the broadcast address. Our example IP address 210.1.1.100 falls in the 210.1.1.96 - 210.1.1.127 subnet (see the previous step table). So 210.1.1.96 is network address and 210.1.1.127 is broadcast address.
Question: What is a summary of what this article is about?
Determine the total number of bits used for subnetting. Determine the number of bits left to host. Calculate the number of subnets. Calculate the number of hosts per subnet. Separate the subnets by the value of last bit used for subnet masking. Determine the network and broadcast addresses for the IP addresses. Determine the broadcast address for your IP address.
Article: Talcum powder and baby powder can absorb sweat and reduce the friction that causes and worsens armpit rashes. Using it daily, even if you don't have an armpit rash, can prevent future rashes. Simply scoop a bit of the powder up with the tip of your finger and pat it gently onto your armpit. Using powders can get messy and leave white streaks on your clothing, so use them with caution, and avoid wearing your finest tops when applying powder. If you've recently applied a medicated anti-itch cream, wait until the cream is absorbed into your skin before applying powder. Grind six cups of unflavored rolled oats into a fine powder using your food processor. Fill a bath with warm water and, as the water fills the tub, add 2 to 3 cups of this oatmeal powder. Soak in the bath for 10 to 15 minutes, being sure to submerge your armpit. Pat yourself dry with a towel when you're finished with the bath. Colloidal oatmeal refers to oats that have been finely milled and suspended in a liquid. It can soothe the skin and help heal your armpit rash. Yoga or meditation might help you relax more and keep your mind off the irritation of the rash. Listening to calming music, talking to a friend, or going for a pleasant nature hike might help, too. Any of your hobbies or interests could help you refocus your attention and make you feel more comfortable. Vitamin C nurtures and restores your skin. Oranges, tomatoes, and broccoli are great sources of vitamin C. Find ways to incorporate them into your diet by, for instance, drinking orange juice or eating a broccoli salad.
Question: What is a summary of what this article is about?
Coat your underarm rash lightly in talcum powder or baby powder. Take a warm (but not hot) bath with colloidal oatmeal. Try some relaxation techniques. Eat more vitamin C.
Article: You want to determine if your cat's oral hygiene is at fault for the bad breath. Place the cat on a table so that you work at a comfortable height. Make sure the lighting is good so that you can see well. Gently lift the cat's upper lip until you can see the teeth. Look inside the mouth. Healthy teeth should be white and not coated in tartar. Tarter has the appearance of yellow deposits on the surface of the teeth, often near the gum line. The gums should be pink with no angry red line of inflammation where the teeth meets the gums. Clean teeth and pink gums make dental disease less likely. However, dirty teeth and inflamed or bleeding gums are indicative of dental disease. If you see you cat has dental issues, get it checked by a vet. This is because inflamed gums and bad breath are a sign of bacterial infection and the cat may require medical treatment, such as antibiotics, to settle things down. It helps to have a friend who can hold the cat by the shoulders, which leaves both of your hands free to lift the cat's lips. Why not help your cat's health while you make it happy? If your cat likes to chew, give it toys that will massage the gums, floss the teeth, and remove tarter buildup while the cat chews. You can also give your cat treats that are designed to help its dental health. There are various products available, but Hexarinse is recommended. This contains chlorhexidine in a formulation that helps disinfect the mouth for around 12 hours. It helps kill bacteria and stop them from sticking to teeth, thereby reducing the incidence of bacterial infection causing bad breath. To use Hexarinse, soak a cotton bud in the solution and wipe it over the outer crown surface of the teeth. Do this morning and evening for optimal preventative dental care. It helps to get the cat used to the tooth brush first, by leaving the brush near their food bowl. For the first few attempts just use water on the brush. Once the cat is accepting the brush in their mouth, use toothpastes designed for use in cats. Do not use human toothpaste as the fluoride level can be damaging when the cat swallows the toothpaste. Brush the teeth morning and evening. Use a soft child's toothbrush, a pet toothbrush, or a finger-brush designed for the purpose. The gold standard is to have your veterinarian perform a dental descale and polish under general anesthetic. This cleans the teeth, gets rid of deposits harboring bacteria, and encourages healthy gums. Once the pet has recovered from the procedure you can start brushing its teeth to keep the mouth clean. If the tartar is only mild and the gums are not sore, consider switching your cat onto a dental diet. Look for foods approved by the Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) and have their stamp of approval on the bag. Approved food usually works by giving a brushing action while it's chewed. Fiber inside each kibble lightly sweep over the cat's teeth when it bites down.
Question: What is a summary of what this article is about?
Look in your cat's mouth. Give your cat chew toys or treats that will help its oral health. Improve oral hygiene by using a cat-friendly mouthwash. Brush your cat's teeth. Have your cat's teeth cleaned by a veterinarian. Start the cat on a dental diet designed to reduce the formation of tartar.