Q: Hello Sandy, We have just returned form our holiday. We went with our friends,Edward Smith and his wife Tina, to the Yorkshire Moors. It is a beautiful natural park. There are lots of places to walk on the tops of the hills,miles of grassland with no people,just sheep and birds. Edward had just come out of hospital and he could not walk as far as before. However, this meant that we walked in the mornings, and then stopped at a restaurant for lunch each day before returning to the place we lived in. Edward and I slept in front of the fire all afternoon, while the ladies went for another walk. Very pleasant! I took lots of photos from the place we lived in, across the valley below us, of the morning sunrise, and the mist in the valley. Also, in England, the old steam-powered trains are very popular. I took many photos of the train. Yesterday we had the first snow of this winter. It is very early. We usually have snow in January. It rained all day, then snowed in the evening .Today we have bright sunshine! Both Jenny and I are well. I don't know if I told you, in the last e-mail , that Jenny is now working in a hotel. Although she has to work hard, people there are nice, and she is enjoying the work. Please write to us to tell us your news. Yours, Victor

1. Sandy.
2. Victor.
3. The Yorkshire Moors.
4. No.
5. Edward Smith and his wife Tina.
6. A beautiful natural park.
7. There are lots of places to walk.
8. No.
9. Sheep and birds
10. He could not walk as far as before.
11. Edward had just come out of hospital.
12. They walked.
13. They slept.
14. In front of the fire.
15. Took photos
16. The sunrise.
17. The train.
18. Old steam-powered.
19. It snowed.
20. Sunshine!

Numbered questions:
1. Who is this letter addressed to?
2. And who is it from?
3. Where did Victor vacation to?
4. Did he go alone?
5. Who was he with?
6. What is the Yorkshire Moors?
7. What can you do there?
8. Is it crowded?
9. What kinds of animals are there?
10. Did Edward do a lot of walking?
11. Why not?
12. What did they do in the morning?
13. And in the afternoon?
14. Where?
15. Aside from walking, what other hobby did Victor partake in?
16. What did he photograph?
17. Anything else?
18. What kind of train was it?
19. What kind of weather did they have yesterday?
20. What about today?

Q: Humans have sewn by hand for thousands of years. It was said that the first thread was made from animal muscle and sinew . And the earliest needles were made from bones. Since those early days, many people have been involved in the process of developing a machine that could do the same thing more quickly and with greater efficiency.

Charles Wiesenthal, who was born in Germany, designed and received a patent on a double-pointed needle that eliminated the need to turn the needle around with each stitch in England in 1755. Other inventors of that time tried to develop a functional sewing machine, but each design had at least one serious imperfection.

Frenchman Barthelemy Thimonnier finally engineered a machine that really worked. However, he was nearly killed by a group of angry tailors when they burned down his garment factory. They feared that they would lose their jobs to the machine.

American inventor Elias Howe, born on July 9, 1819, was awarded a patent for a method of sewing that used thread from two different sources. Howe's machine had a needle with an eye at the point, and it used the two threads to make a special stitch called a lockstitch. However, Howe faced difficulty in finding buyers for his machines in America. In frustration, he traveled to England to try to sell his invention there. When he finally returned home, he found that dozens of manufacturers were adapting his discovery for use in their own sewing machines.

Isaac Singer, another American inventor, was also a manufacturer who made improvements to the design of sewing machines. He invented an up-and-down-motion mechanism that replaced the side-to-side machines. He also developed a foot treadle to power his machine. This improvement left the sewer's hands free. Undoubtedly, it was a huge improvement of the hand-cranked machine of the past. Soon the Singer sewing machine achieved more fame than the others for it was more practical. It could be adapted to home use and it could be bought on hire-purchase. The Singer sewing machine became the first home appliance, and the Singer company became one of the first American multinationals.

However, Singer used the same method to create a lockstitch that Howe had already patented. As a result, Howe accused him of patent infringement . Of course, Elias Howe won the court case, and Singer was ordered to pay Howe royalties . In the end, Howe became a millionaire, not by manufacturing the sewing machine, but by receiving royalty payments for his invention.

1. It was said that the first thread was made from animal muscle and sinew
2. And the earliest needles were made from bones

Numbered questions:
1. What was the first thread made from?
2. What about the needles?

Q: Chapter 7

Betrayed

The two savages, Kaviri and Mugambi, squatting before the entrance to Kaviri's hut, looked at one another--Kaviri with ill-concealed alarm.

"What is it?" he whispered.

"It is Bwana Tarzan and his people," replied Mugambi. "But what they are doing I know not, unless it be that they are devouring your people who ran away."

Kaviri shuddered and rolled his eyes fearfully toward the jungle. In all his long life in the savage forest he had never heard such an awful, fearsome din.

Closer and closer came the sounds, and now with them were mingled the terrified shrieks of women and children and of men. For twenty long minutes the blood-curdling cries continued, until they seemed but a stone's throw from the palisade. Kaviri rose to flee, but Mugambi seized and held him, for such had been the command of Tarzan.

A moment later a horde of terrified natives burst from the jungle, racing toward the shelter of their huts. Like frightened sheep they ran, and behind them, driving them as sheep might be driven, came Tarzan and Sheeta and the hideous apes of Akut.

Presently Tarzan stood before Kaviri, the old quiet smile upon his lips.

"Your people have returned, my brother," he said, "and now you may select those who are to accompany me and paddle my canoe."

Tremblingly Kaviri tottered to his feet, calling to his people to come from their huts; but none responded to his summons.

"Tell them," suggested Tarzan, "that if they do not come I shall send my people in after them."

1. before the entrance to Kaviri's hut
2. the two savages, Kaviri and Mugambi
3. no
4. he is concerned about hi people
5. Bwana Tarzan and his people
6. the sounds
7. women and children and of men
8. Kaviri rose to flee
9. For twenty long minutes
10. a stone's throw away
11. Mugambi
12. the command of Tarzan
13. a horde of terrified natives
14. Tarzan and Sheeta and the hideous apes of Akut
15. yes
16. Kaviri
17. wanted him to select those who are to accompany Tarzan and paddle his canoe
18. no
19. Tarzan
20. if they do not come out

Numbered questions:
1. Where were they sitting?
2. who?
3. did one look happy?
4. what is he concerned with?
5. who were eating them?
6. what came closer?
7. who was shriking?
8. who wanted to flee?
9. how long did the screams continue?
10. how close were they?
11. who stopped him from fleeing?
12. by whos command?
13. who came out of the jungle?
14. what was chasing them?
15. was tarzan pleased?
16. who called to his people?
17. what did tarzan want from him?
18. did anyone respond to Kaviri?
19. who will send their people?
20. if they dont do what?