Q: Bacteria (i/bktri/; singular: bacterium) constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a number of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals. Bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats. Bacteria inhabit soil, water, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, and the deep portions of Earth's crust. Bacteria also live in symbiotic and parasitic relationships with plants and animals. They are also known to have flourished in manned spacecraft.

There are typically 40 million bacterial cells in a gram of soil and a million bacterial cells in a millilitre of fresh water. There are approximately 51030 bacteria on Earth, forming a biomass which exceeds that of all plants and animals. Bacteria are vital in recycling nutrients, with many of the stages in nutrient cycles dependent on these organisms, such as the fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere and putrefaction. In the biological communities surrounding hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, bacteria provide the nutrients needed to sustain life by converting dissolved compounds, such as hydrogen sulphide and methane, to energy. On 17 March 2013, researchers reported data that suggested bacterial life forms thrive in the Mariana Trench, which with a depth of up to 11 kilometres is the deepest part of the Earth's oceans. Other researchers reported related studies that microbes thrive inside rocks up to 580 metres below the sea floor under 2.6 kilometres of ocean off the coast of the northwestern United States. According to one of the researchers, "You can find microbes everywhere they're extremely adaptable to conditions, and survive wherever they are."

Answer the following questions:
1. What is the singular tense of bacteria?
2. What does it constitute?
3. How many cells are in a gram of soil?
4. and in a millitre of fresh water?
5. Do they have different shapes?
6. what kind?
7. Can you find it most places?
8. like what?
9. anywhere else?
10. anywhere else?
11. HAve they been around a while?
12. What happened in 2013?
13. what was the depth?
14. Is that a shallow part?
15. what is it?
16. Where else can they thrive?
17. where are they?
18. What are bacteria vital in?
19. What is dependent on bacteria?
20. such as?
A: 1. bacterium
2. a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms
3. 40 million
4. a million
5. yes
6. spheres to rods and spirals
7. yes
8. soil, water, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, and the deep portions of Earth's crust.
9. symbiotic and parasitic relationships with plants and animals.
10. in manned spacecraft.
11. among the first life forms to appear on Earth
12.
esearchers reported data that suggested bacterial life forms thrive in the Mariana Trench
13. up to 11 kilometres
14. no
15. the deepest part of the Earth's oceans.
16. inside rocks
17. 580 metres below the sea floor under 2.6 kilometres of ocean
18. recycling nutrients,
19. stages in nutrient cycles
20. the fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere and putrefaction
Q: CHAPTER XII

FIRE

The light had got dim, and Carrie put down her sewing and looked about. A belt of yellow sky glimmered above the distant snow, but the valley was dark and the pines rolled in blurred masses up the hill. Thin mist crept out of the deep hollow and Carrie shivered when a cold wind shook the trees. She was beginning to know the wilds, and now and then their austerity daunted her. By and by a red twinkle in the distance drew her glance and she turned to Jim.

"What is that?"

Jim looked and frowned. "Ah," he said, "I'd begun to think our luck was too good!"

"But what is the light?"

"A bush fire."

Jake indicated the drift of the smoke from their cooking fire. As a rule, the valleys of British Columbia that open to the west form channels for the Chinook wind from the Pacific, but now and then a dry, cold current flows down them to the coast.

"It won't bother us unless the wind changes," he remarked. "In this country, however, the wind generally does change when you'd sooner it did not, and it's not safe to trust your luck much. Looks as if Nature had put up her shingle on the mountains, warning the white man off."

"But white men do live in the mountains," Carrie objected.

"Men who are strong enough. They must fight for a footing and then use the best tools other men can make to hold the ground they've won. We're scouts, carrying axes, saws, and giant-powder, but the main body must cooperate to defend its settlements with civilization's heavy machines. It's sure a hard country, and sometimes it gets me scared!"

Answer the following questions:
1. Who is with Carrie?
2. What hobby was she working on?
3. What caught her eye?
4. What did Jim think it was?
5. Did he think they were in danger?
6. Unless what happened?
7. Which direction was the wind blowing?
8. Who did he believe Nature was trying to warn away?
9. Did this make sense to Carrie?
10. What tools does he mention?
11. Despite those tools, what was required for survival?
12. Was Carrie experienced in the wilderness?
13. What temperature was the breeze?
14. What purpose did their fire serve?
A:
1. Jim.
2. sewing
3. a red twinkle in the distance
4. "A bush fire."
5. no
6. the wind changes
7. down to the coast.
8. the white man
9. no
10. axes, saws, and giant-powder
11. main body must cooperate
12. no
13. cold
14. cooking