Summarize the following:
A Pivot Table allows you to create visual reports of the data from a spreadsheet. You can perform calculations without having to input any formulas or copy any cells. You will need a spreadsheet with several entries in order to create a Pivot Table. You can also create a Pivot Table in Excel using an outside data source, such as Access. You can insert the Pivot Table in a new Excel spreadsheet. A pivot table is not always the answer you are looking for. In order to take advantage of the pivot table features, your spreadsheet should meet some basic criteria: Your spreadsheet should include at least one column with duplicate values. This basically just means that at least one column should have repeating data. In the example discussed in the next section, the "Product Type" column has two entries: "Table" or "Chair". It should include numerical information. This is what will be compared and totaled in the table. In the example in the next section, the "Sales" column has numerical data. Click the "Insert" tab at the top of the Excel window. Click the "PivotTable" button on the left side of the Insert ribbon. If you are using Excel 2003 or earlier, click the Data menu and select PivotTable and PivotChart Report... By default, Excel will select all of the data on your active spreadsheet. You can click and drag to choose a specific part of the spreadsheet, or you can type the cell range in manually. If you are using an external source for your data, click the "Use an external data source" option and click Choose Connection.... Browse for the database connection saved on your computer. After selecting your range, choose your location option from the same window. By default, Excel will place the table on a new worksheet, allowing you to switch back and forth by clicking the tabs at the bottom of the window. You can also choose to place the Pivot Table on the same sheet as the data, which allows you to pick the cell you want it to be placed. When you are satisfied with your choices, click OK. Your Pivot Table will be placed and the interface will change.

summary: Load the spreadsheet you want to create the Pivot Table from. Ensure that your data meets the needs of a pivot table. Start the Pivot Table wizard. Select the data you want to use. Select the location for your Pivot Table.

Summarize the following:
Keep in mind that during the spelling bee you may ask for the definition of the word, for its pronunciation, what part of speech it is, and more importantly, its language of origin. Knowing which language a word comes from allows you to see certain patterns, so that if you don't know how to spell a certain word, you can guess based on which language it comes from. English has adopted quite a few words from Greek and Latin, so it can be a great resource to learn the Greek or Latin roots of certain related words. For instance, the Greek root "tele-" means far, and "graph" means to write, so the word "telegraph" means to write from afar. While your parents had to make do with pencil and paper to memorize the spelling of words, nowadays there are a number of technologies to help you study. For example, you may want to use a tape recorder to help you memorize the pronunciation of certain words, or you may use a word processor to help you keep track of the words you have mastered and the ones you still need to memorize. There are also a number of helpful apps for your iPad or Kindle available online, which allow you to make lists of words and have a variety of other helpful features. It might seem weird, but experienced spellers find it helps to trace the words they are about to spell in the palm of their hands. This allows one to visualize the word, and to break it down into syllables before spelling it out loud. As you get ready to spell out the word, pretend one of your hands is a piece of paper and "write" the word with your writing hand. Tracing the word keeps you focused and it's a great way to help you concentrate on how a certain word is both written and pronounced. You've studied, you've worked, you've done everything you can--now it's time to shine! Become familiar with the way your voice sounds on a microphone, as well as with the added pressure of speaking before an audience. But remember, stress can be your worst enemy, so try to relax and enjoy the competition. A spelling bee is supposed to be a fun activity after all!

summary: Learn the roots of words and spelling rules from different languages. Use technology to help you study. Use your hands to trace the word you are spelling. Relax before the competition.

Summarize the following:
The simple 'sit' command can be useful in many different situations. Most importantly, it is a great distraction technique for redirecting your dog's attention from an undesirable behavior, such as jumping up. When your dog jumps up on you, turn your back to them while keeping them in your peripheral vision. Ask her to sit and immediately praise her when she does so. If your dog is too excited to notice that you are asking her to sit, ignore her excited behavior until she calms down, and then repeat the command. Again, as soon as she follows your command, give her lots of praise or a special treat to let her know this is the behavior that gets rewarded, not jumping. With this simple command, the goal is to redirect your dog's jumping behavior with a task that should be easy to perform and then rewarded well. Your dog will soon figure out which greetings get her your full attention and which don't. If your dog doesn't know the sit command yet, start teaching her the command along and then try this method. Some dogs exude such extreme excitement when greeting someone that it may be difficult and time consuming to wait for them to calm down for a redirecting sit command. If this sounds like your dog, she may be more inclined to grab a toy and shake it or hold it instead. Keep a special toy by your front door to throw for your dog or give to her when you come home. This will redirect her energy into playing with the toy as opposed to jumping on you or your guests. The key to keeping your dog calm, and therefore exhibit calm behavior, is to also participate in only calm behavior when you come home. Try not to use a high-pitched or loud voice when talking to her. This includes shouting at her when she starts jumping up. This type of vocal tone could encourage more excitement and jumping. Instead of using physical punishment to discourage bad behavior, teach your dog what behaviors get them the most rewards from you. You will have to repeat the actions of her training multiple times before she will get it. Don't get frustrated or upset because this will make her worse. Keep at it and she will eventually catch on
summary: Redirect with a sit command. Use a special toy. Stay calm.