Problem: The Qing dynasty (Chinese: ; pinyin: Qing Chao; WadeGiles: Ch'ing Ch'ao; IPA: [ti t]), officially the Great Qing (Chinese: ; pinyin: Da Qing), also called the Empire of the Great Qing, or the Manchu dynasty, was the last imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming dynasty and succeeded by the Republic of China. The Qing multi-cultural empire lasted almost three centuries and formed the territorial base for the modern Chinese state.

The dynasty was founded by the Jurchen Aisin Gioro clan in Manchuria. In the late sixteenth century, Nurhaci, originally a Ming vassal, began organizing Jurchen clans into "Banners", military-social units. Nurhaci formed these clans into a unified entity, the subjects of which became known collectively as the Manchu people. By 1636, his son Hong Taiji began driving Ming forces out of Liaodong and declared a new dynasty, the Qing. In 1644, peasant rebels led by Li Zicheng conquered the Ming capital Beijing. Rather than serve them, Ming general Wu Sangui made an alliance with the Manchus and opened the Shanhai Pass to the Banner Armies led by Prince Dorgon, who defeated the rebels and seized Beijing. The conquest of China proper was not completed until 1683 under the Kangxi Emperor (r. 16611722). The Ten Great Campaigns of the Qianlong Emperor from the 1750s to the 1790s extended Qing control into Central Asia. While the early rulers maintained their Manchu ways, and while their official title was Emperor they were known as khans to the Mongols and patronized Tibetan Buddhism, they governed using Confucian styles and institutions of bureaucratic government. They retained the imperial examinations to recruit Han Chinese to work under or in parallel with Manchus. They also adapted the ideals of the tributary system in international relations, and in places such as Taiwan, the Qing so-called internal foreign policy closely resembled colonial policy and control.
1. Which dynasty is the story about?
2. Which country is it in?
3. Is it referred to by any other names other than Qing?
4. Was it the first imperial dynasty of China?
5. Who founded it?
6. Where did that happen?
7. What year did Hong Taiji declare a new dynasty?
8. The conquest of China was done under what emperor?
9. What kind of style and institution of governing did the early rulers use?
10. In 1644 rebels were led by whom?
11. Where did he conquer?
12. Qing control was extended into where from the 1750's to the 1790's?
13. DId their internal foreign policy resemble colonial policy?
14. What religion was patronized?
15. How long did the empire last?
16. Who organized the clans into Banners?
17. Who forged a pact with the Manchu to open Shanhai Pass?
18. Was he happy about doing this?
19. What were the early rulers known as to the Mongols?
Answer: 1. Qing
2. China
3. Manchu dynasty
4. No
5. Jurchen Aisin Gioro clan
6. in Manchuria
7. By 1636
8. Kangxi Emperor
9. Confucian styles and institutions of bureaucratic government
10. Li Zicheng
11. Ming capital Beijing
12. Central Asia.
13. yes
14. Tibetan Buddhism
15. almost three centuries
16. Nurhaci
17. Ming general Wu Sangui
18. No
19. khans

Problem: On an August afternoon last year, Pamela Rivers, 40, and her friend Rita Graham, 38, were stopped at a red light on Cobb's Creek Parkway in South Philadelphia when a white SUV traveling in the opposite direction turned across traffic in front of them. It then jumped the curb and rushed through a grassy expanse before plunging down an embankment toward Cobb's Creek. Pamela quickly pulled over, jumped out of her car, and dialed 911.

Kenny Gibson, 23, and his friend Taron Green, 25, were driving home from a job when Rita flagged them down. Kenny stopped, and the men got out of the car and looked over the cliff. The SUV had landed upside down in five feet of water. A woman's leg could be seen swinging out the driver's side window.

"I have a fear of water," Kenny said now. "I almost drowned when I was nine." Even so, he and Taron hurried down the 50-foot embankment into the muddy water. "I couldn't just leave her," he adds.

The men waded out to the car and saw that the woman, Cheryl Allison, 61, was partially in water. Kenny tried unsuccessfully to open the door. Then he broke the window. But when he reached in to pull out Cheryl, he found she was trapped by the seat belt.

"Run back to the truck and grab a box cutter ," Kenny yelled to Taron. Meanwhile, Kenny tried in vain to push the car onto its side to create an air pocket for Cheryl.

That's when mechanic Marcell Porter approached the site. "I flipped into rescue mode," he said. When Taron returned, Kenny cut through the seat belt with the box cutter. He and Marcell tried to pull Cheryl out, but she wouldn't come out.

Marcell broke the rear window with a rock, hoping to rescue her from the back. Then he saw that she was still strapped in by her shoulder belt. Marcell reached for the box cutter and cut the remaining strap in two. Kenny leaned in, grabbed Cheryl by the waist, and pulled her out feet first. Marcell grasped Cheryl's legs, and they managed to drag her lifeless body onto a rock.

"Give her CPR!" Pamela yelled down to them. But the two men had no idea what to do. "Put your mouth on her mouth and breathe," she shouted to Marcell. And to Kenny, "Pump her chest!"

"We tried three times," said Marcell. Finally, Cheryl brought up water and started moving her fingers. The men rolled her over onto her stomach to let out more water.

Soon an ambulance arrived and transported Cheryl to the hospital, where doctors treated her. They never discovered what caused her to pass out, but she assumes it had something to do with the burning summer heat.

Over the next few days, they took turns visiting Cheryl in the hospital, where they shared hugs and tears. "We couldn't believe she was all right," said Pamela.

"It's just amazing that these people came together," said Cheryl. She stays in touch with her "angels" via frequent phone calls. "They are really beautiful people," she said.
1. Why is Kenny scared of water?
2. who was at the light?
3. how old is Pamela?
4. who was stuck in the car?
5. how old is she?
6. what did they think she suffered from?
7. did they save her?
8. who pumped her?
9. did they know what to do?
10. who was the mechanic?
11. what did kenny ask Taron to get?
12. what did kenny do meanwhile?
13. how low was the embankment?
14. what color was Cheryl's car?
15. what type?
16. who called 911?
17. who did she stop for help?
18. what did they see was out the car?
19. how did they pull her out?
20. how does Cheryl now communicate with them?
Answer:
1. He almost drowned when he was nine.
2. Pamela Rivers and her friend Rita Graham
3. 40,
4. Cheryl Allison
5. 61
6. something to do with the burning summer heat
7. Yes
8. Kenny
9. no
10. Marcell Porter
11. a box cutter
12. He tried to push the car onto its side to create an air pocket for Cheryl
13. 50 feet
14. white
15. An SUV
16. Pamela
17. Kenny Gibson and his friend Taron Green
18. Cheryl's leg
19. feet first
20. She stays in touch via frequent phone calls.