Answer the following question given this paragraph: A point mutation is a change in a single nucleotide in DNA. This type of mutation is usually less serious than a chromosomal alteration. An example of a point mutation is a mutation that changes the codon UUU to the codon UCU. Point mutations can be silent, missense, or nonsense mutations, as shown in Table below . The effects of point mutations depend on how they change the genetic code. You can watch an animation about nonsense mutations at this link: http://www. biostudio. com/d_%20Nonsense%20Suppression%20I%20Nonsense%20Mutation. htm . Q: What is the name for a change in a single nucleotide in dna? A:
OPTIONS:
- adaptation
- spontaneous mutation
- cell regeneration
- point mutation

Answer: point mutation

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: untreated, it produces severe brain damage and mental retardation. Albinism is caused by a defective enzyme that is unable to produce melanin, the pigment responsible for the color of skin and hair. Cystic fibrosis, the most common inherited disease in the United States, blocks pancreatic function and causes thick mucus secretions that make breathing difficult. An area of intense research in combating cancer involves the synthesis of drugs that stop uncontrolled cell growth by interfering with DNA replication. Q: What human disease is caused by a defective enzyme that is unable to produce melanin, the pigment responsible for the color of skin and hair? A:
OPTIONS:
- hemophilia
- anemia
- mutations
- albinism
Answer: albinism

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use energy from sunlight to synthesize carbohydrates. Q: What is the name of the process by which plants use energy from sunlight to synthesize carbohydrates? A:
OPTIONS:
- osmosis
- cellular respiration
- pollination
- photosynthesis
output: photosynthesis

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Some chemical reactions can occur in only one direction. These reactions are called irreversible reactions. The reactants can change to the products, but the products cannot change back to the reactants. These reactions are like making a cake. The ingredients of a cakesuch as eggs and flourare the reactants. They are mixed together and baked to form the cake, which is the product (see Figure below ). The cake can't be "unbaked" and "unmixed" to change it back to the raw eggs, flour, and other ingredients. So making a cake is irreversible. Q: What are reactions that can occur only in one direction called? A:

OPTIONS:
- permanent
- instantaneous
- critical
- irreversible

A: irreversible

input: OPTIONS:
- helium
- nitrogen
- methane
- oxygen Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: In addition to sunlight, aquatic producers also need dissolved oxygen and nutrients. Water near the surface generally contains more dissolved oxygen than deeper water. Many nutrients enter the water from the land. Therefore, water nearer shore usually contains more dissolved nutrients than water farther from shore. Q: Aquatic producers need nutrients and what dissolved gas, which is more abundant near the surface of water? A:
A:
output: oxygen

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Example 3.5 Calculating Projectile Motion: Hot Rock Projectile Kilauea in Hawaii is the world's most continuously active volcano. Very active volcanoes characteristically eject red-hot rocks and lava rather than smoke and ash. Suppose a large rock is ejected from the volcano with a speed of 25.0 m/s and at an angle 35.0 above the horizontal, as shown in Figure 3.40. The rock strikes the side of the volcano at an altitude 20.0 m lower than its starting point. (a) Calculate the time it takes the rock to follow this path. (b) What are the magnitude and direction of the rock's velocity at impact?. Q: Kilauea in hawaii is the world's most continuously active volcano. very active volcanoes characteristically eject red-hot rocks and lava rather than this? A:
OPTIONS:
- greenhouse gases
- carbon and smog
- magma
- smoke and ash
Answer:
smoke and ash