Process: - A butterfly starts as an egg - The egg hatches - A larva emerges - The larva eats and grows - The larva sheds its skin - The larva enters a chrysalis - The pupa grows inside the chrysalis - The adult butterfly exits the chrysalis - The adult butterfly is now fully grown - The adult butterfly lays more eggs. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose there are fewer eggs hatched happens, how will it affect MORE butterflies. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
Ans: yes

Process: - Get some seeds - Pick a spot to plant them - Dig a hole in the dirt - Put the seed in the hole - Pour some water on the seed and hole - Cover up the hole - Press down on it - Spray some plant food on it. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose seeds are too old happens, how will it affect more seeds will grow. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
Ans: yes

Process: - Particles in the environment interact with rocks - The particles remove small pieces of the rock each time they touch the rocks - The particles continue to hit, brush against, or grow against the rocks - The rock eventually is broken apart by this contact - The pieces of the rock are now small rocks - The rock pieces are worn away into smaller and smaller pieces by the same forces - Perturbation hypothesis: suppose less warm water floats up from the ocean happens, how will it affect MORE/FASTER erosion of rocks. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
Ans: no

Process: - Plants and animals long ago died - They are buried under layers of soil - Pressure builds over time - The remains liquefy - The carbon atoms rearrange to become a new substance. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose something causes a different chemical reaction that counters the rearrangement of the carbon atoms happens, how will it affect more of the remains liquify. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
Ans: yes