Question: Information: - Infantry is the general branch of an army that engages in military combat on foot. As the troops who engage with the enemy in close-ranged combat, infantry units bear the largest brunt of warfare and typically suffer the greatest number of casualties during a military campaign. Historically, as the oldest branch of the combat arms, the infantry are the tip of the spear of a modern army, and continually undergo training that is typically more physically demanding and psychologically stressful than that of any other branch of the combat arms. Common representations of infantry fighting forces include the U.S. Army Infantry Branch, U.S. Marine Corps Infantry, Royal Canadian Infantry Corps, Infantry of the British Army, and the Royal Australian Corps of Infantry. - The European balance of power is a concept that applies primarily to European international relations prior to the First World War and which evolved into the present states of Europe. The current form of this concept relies on a supranational organization known as the European Union rather than the Nineteenth Century political concept that emerged at the Peace of Paris in 1815. It is often known by the term European State System. Its basic tenet is that no single European power should be allowed to achieve hegemony over a substantial part of the continent and that this is best curtailed by having a small number of ever-changing alliances contend for power. - The Kingdom of Prussia was a German kingdom that constituted the state of Prussia between 1701 and 1918 and included parts of present-day Germany, Poland, Russia, Lithuania, Denmark, Belgium and the Czech Republic. It was the driving force behind the unification of Germany in 1871 and was the leading state of the German Empire until its dissolution in 1918. Although it took its name from the region called Prussia, it was based in the Margraviate of Brandenburg, where its capital was Berlin. - The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the War of 1870 (19 July 1871), was a conflict between the Second French Empire of Napoleon III and the German states of the North German Confederation led by the Kingdom of Prussia. The conflict was caused by Prussian ambitions to extend German unification and French fears of the shift in the European balance of power that would result if the Prussians succeeded. Some historians argue that the Prussian chancellor Otto von Bismarck deliberately provoked a French attack in order to draw the southern German statesBaden, Wurttemberg, Bavaria and Hesse-Darmstadtinto an alliance with the North German Confederation dominated by Prussia, while others contend that Bismarck did not plan anything and merely exploited the circumstances as they unfolded. - American football, referred to as football in the United States and Canada, and also known as gridiron, is a sport played by two teams of eleven players on a rectangular field with goalposts at each end. The offense, the team with control of the oval-shaped football, attempts to advance down the field by running with or passing the ball, while the team without control of the ball, the defense, aims to stop their advance and take control of the ball for themselves. The offense must advance at least ten yards in four downs, or plays, or else they turn over the football to the opposing team; if they succeed, they are given a new set of four downs. Points are primarily scored by advancing the ball into the opposing team's end zone for a touchdown or kicking the ball through the opponent's goalposts for a field goal. The team with the most points at the end of a game wins. - The Second French Empire was the Imperial Bonapartist regime of Napoleon III from 1852 to 1870, between the Second Republic and the Third Republic, in France. - A mitrailleuse ( French pronunciation : ( mitajz ) ; from French mitraille , '' grapeshot '' ) is a type of volley gun with multiple barrels of rifle calibre that can fire either multiple rounds at once , or several in rapid succession . The earliest true mitrailleuse was invented in 1851 by Belgian Army Captain Fafschamps , 10 years before the advent of the Gatling gun . It was followed by the Belgian Montigny mitrailleuse in 1863 . Then the French 25 barrel '' Canon a Balles '' , better known as the Reffye mitrailleuse , was adopted in great secrecy in 1866 . It became the first rapid - firing weapon deployed as standard equipment by any army in a major conflict . This happened during the Franco - Prussian War of 1870 -- 71 . A steel block containing twenty - five 13 mm ( .51 calibre ) centre - fire cartridges was locked against the breech before firing . With the rotation of a crank , the 25 rounds were discharged in rapid succession . The sustainable firing rate of the Reffye mitrailleuse was 100 rounds per minute . The effective reach of the Reffye mitrailleuse extended to about 2000 yards , a distance placing their batteries beyond the reach of Dreyse needle rifle fire . Reffye mitrailleuses were deployed in six gun batteries and were manned by artillery personnel . They were not infantry support weapons but rather a form of special artillery . Although innovative and capable of good ballistic performance , the Reffye mitrailleuse failed as a tactical weapon because its basic concept and operational usage were flawed . Furthermore only 210 Reffye mitrailleuses were in existence at the beginning of the Franco - Prussian War in 1870 . Their field use was discontinued by the French Army after 1871 . After the Gatling gun was replaced in service by newer recoil - or gas - operated weapons , the approach of using multiple barrels fell into disuse for many decades . However , some examples were developed during the interwar years , but only existed as prototypes , or were rarely used . The word mitrailleuse... - A rifle is a firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder, with a barrel that has a helical groove or pattern of grooves ("rifling") cut into the barrel walls. The raised areas of the rifling are called "lands," which make contact with the projectile (for small arms usage, called a bullet), imparting spin around an axis corresponding to the orientation of the weapon. When the projectile leaves the barrel, this spin lends gyroscopic stability to the projectile and prevents tumbling, in the same way that a properly thrown American football or rugby ball behaves. This allows the use of aerodynamically-efficient bullets (as opposed to the spherical balls used in muskets) and thus improves range and accuracy. The word "rifle" originally referred to the grooving, and a rifle was called a "rifled gun." Rifles are used in warfare, hunting and shooting sports. - The Anglo-Zulu War was fought in 1879 between the British Empire and the Zulu Kingdom. Following Lord Carnarvon's successful introduction of federation in Canada, it was thought that similar political effort, coupled with military campaigns, might succeed with the African kingdoms, tribal areas and Boer republics in South Africa. In 1874, Sir Henry Bartle Frere was sent to South Africa as High Commissioner for the British Empire to bring such plans into being. Among the obstacles were the presence of the independent states of the South African Republic and the Kingdom of Zululand and its army. - The North German Confederation was a confederation of 22 previously independent states of northern Germany, with nearly 30 million inhabitants. It was the first modern German nation state and the basis for the later German Empire (18711918), when several south German states such as Bavaria joined. - The Montigny mitrailleuse was an early type of crank-operated machine-gun developed by the Belgian gun works of Joseph Montigny between 1859 and 1870. It was an improved version of the "Mitrailleuse", invented by Belgian Captain Fafschamps in 1851 which was a fixed 50-barrelled volley gun. - Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte (born Charles-Louis Napoleon Bonaparte; 20 April 1808 9 January 1873) was the only President (184852) of the French Second Republic and, as Napoleon III, the Emperor (185270) of the Second French Empire. He was the nephew and heir of Napoleon I. He was the first President of France to be elected by a direct popular vote. He was blocked by the Constitution and Parliament from running for a second term, so he organized a "coup d'etat" in 1851 and then took the throne as Napoleon III on 2 December 1852, the forty-eighth anniversary of Napoleon I's coronation. He remains the longest-serving French head of state since the French Revolution. - Otto Eduard Leopold, Prince of Bismarck, Duke of Lauenburg (1 April 1815 30 July 1898), known as Otto von Bismarck, was a conservative Prussian statesman who dominated German and European affairs from the 1860s until 1890. In the 1860s, he engineered a series of wars that unified the German states, significantly and deliberately excluding Austria, into a powerful German Empire under Prussian leadership. With that accomplished by 1871, he skillfully used balance of power diplomacy to maintain Germany's position in a Europe which, despite many disputes and war scares, remained at peace. For historian Eric Hobsbawm, it was Bismarck who "remained undisputed world champion at the game of multilateral diplomatic chess for almost twenty years after 1871, [and] devoted himself exclusively, and successfully, to maintaining peace between the powers." - The Gatling gun is one of the best-known early rapid-fire spring loaded, hand cranked weapons and a forerunner of the modern machine gun. Invented by Richard Gatling, it is known for its use by the Union forces during the American Civil War in the 1860s, which was the first time it was employed in combat. Later, it was used again in numerous military conflicts, such as the Boshin War, the Anglo-Zulu War, and the assault on San Juan Hill during the SpanishAmerican War. It was also used by militias and the National Guard in episodes of the Great Railroad Strike of 1877, specifically in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. - The SpanishAmerican War was a conflict fought between Spain and the United States in 1898. Hostilities began in the aftermath of the internal explosion of the USS "Maine" in Havana harbor in Cuba leading to United States intervention in the Cuban War of Independence. American acquisition of Spain's Pacific possessions led to its involvement in the Philippine Revolution and ultimately in the PhilippineAmerican War. - The , sometimes known as the Japanese Revolution, was a civil war in Japan, fought from 1868 to 1869 between forces of the ruling Tokugawa shogunate and those seeking to return political power to the Imperial Court. - Joseph Montigny was a Belgian gunsmith, from Fontaine l'Eveque near Brussels, and the developer of the Montigny mitrailleuse, an early European machine gun, in 1863. The design was based on the early 1850s prototype of a volley gun by the Belgian officer Fafschamps. Montigny managed to offer his design to Napoleon III, who adopted it in 1867, with Colonel De Reffye making various improvements to the weapons. - Artillery is a class of large military weapons built to fire munitions far beyond the range and power of infantry's small arms. Early artillery development focused on the ability to breach fortifications, and led to heavy, fairly immobile siege engines. As technology improved, lighter, more mobile field artillery developed for battlefield use. This development continues today; modern self-propelled artillery vehicles are highly mobile weapons of great versatility providing the largest share of an army's total firepower. Given the information above, choose from the list below the object entity that exhibits the relation 'country of origin' with the subject 'mitrailleuse'. Choices: - africa - austria - belgian - british army - canada - cuba - denmark - europe - france - french second republic - german empire - germany - japan - poland - prussia - second french empire - south africa - spain
Answer:
second french empire