Problem: Article: Position the diaphragm on the left upper part of the chest where the 4th to 6th ribs meet, almost directly under the breast. Hold the stethoscope between your pointer and middle fingers and apply enough gentle pressure so that you don't hear your fingers rubbing together. Ask the patient to relax and breathe normally. You should hear the normal sounds of the human heart, which sound like "lub-dub." These sounds are also called systolic and diastolic. Systolic is the "lub" sound and diastolic is the "dub" sound. The "lub," or systolic, sound happens when the mitral and tricuspid valves of the heart close. The "dub," or diastolic, sound happens when the aortic and pulmonic valves close. The normal resting heart rate for adults and children over 10 years old is between 60-100 beats per minute. For well-trained athletes, the normal resting heart rate may only be between 40-60 beats per minute. There are several different ranges of resting heart rates to consider for patients under 10 years old. Those ranges include: Newborns up to one month old: 70-190 beats per minute Infants 1 - 11 months old: 80 - 160 beats per minute Children 1 - 2 years old: 80 - 130 beats per minute Children 3 - 4 years old: 80 - 120 beats per minute Children 5 - 6 years old: 75 - 115 beats per minute Children 7 - 9 years old: 70 - 110 beats per minute As you count the heartbeats, you should also listen for any abnormal sounds. Anything that does not sound like lub-dub may be considered abnormal. If you hear anything abnormal, your patient may need further evaluation by a doctor. If you hear a whooshing sound or a sound that is more like "lub...shhh...dub," your patient might have a heart murmur. A heart murmur is blood rushing quickly through the valves. Many people have what are called "innocent" heart murmurs. But some heart murmurs do point to issues with heart valves, so you should advise your patient to see a doctor if you detect a heart murmur. If you hear a third heart sound that is like a low-frequency vibration, your patient might have a ventricular defect. This third heart sound is referred to as S3 or a ventricular gallop. Advise the patient to see a doctor if you hear a third heart sound. Try listening to samples of normal and abnormal heart sounds to help you determine if what you are hearing is normal.
Summary: Hold the diaphragm over the patient's heart. Listen to the heart for a full minute. Count the number of heartbeats you hear in a minute. Listen for abnormal heart sounds.

Problem: Article: Although the temporary crown may hold for a few days or even weeks in the best-case scenario, you will need to see a dentist as soon as possible for a more permanent reattachment or replacement. Avoid eating on the side of the mouth with the crown. Remember that the crown is only held temporarily in place, so avoid any excessively hard or chewy foods until you can see a dentist. If your tooth or jaw is sensitive or in pain because of the temporary crown fix, dab clove oil onto a cotton swab and gently apply to the gum and tooth area. This will numb the site. You can often find clove oil in pharmacies or in the spice aisle of supermarkets.
Summary: Schedule an appointment to see your dentist. Eat and drink with caution until the crown is repaired by a dentist. Deal with any pain.

Problem: Article: One of the best things you can do to stay motivated for success is to identify your goal. Identify your goal and be serious about what you want. Whatever you goal is, whether it is getting into a Ph.D. program or becoming the manager at your office, now is the time to make up your mind, instead of just thinking about it. If you do not already have a goal in mind, make a list of the things that you would like to accomplish in the next 3 to 5 years. Once you have made your list, try to narrow it down to one thing. It is much easier to stay focused on one goal instead of three. Once you have narrowed down your goal, type it out in big words. Then print your goal and post it on your bedroom wall, bathroom mirror, or refrigerator. You can also post it at work or put it on your computer desktop. These reminders will help you keep focused on your goal. Make your goal just a few words long like a mantra. Try repeating your goal at least once a day to yourself, preferably in front of a mirror or while meditating. Posting pictures of your goal will also help. For example, if your goal is to hike to the top of Half Dome, pin up pictures of Half Dome around your room or at your office to motivate you to stick to your goal. Don't think of your goal as this big giant thing that you want to accomplish. Try to scale down your thinking by taking baby steps toward your goal. For example, if you want to exercise, you may be thinking that you need to workout intensely 5 days a week. Instead, start small by exercising once a week for 20 minutes, and then move on from there. You can't fail if you start with something very easy and doable.
Summary: Set a goal. Display your goal. Start out small.

Problem: Article: Place a ruled cutting mat on a flat, level, stable surface with good lighting. A cutting mat will help you cut straight lines in fabric, and it will also prevent damage to your work surface. Cutting mats are easily found at most craft and fabric stores.
Summary:
Prepare your cutting area.