Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Ex Input:
Context: Biliary tract obstruction is a common clinical problem. In this study, we attempted to understand the change in intestinal glucose absorption after biliary tract obstruction.', 'Experimental models of murine biliary duct ligation and external biliary drainage were established. Murine intestinal mucosal glucose absorption was examined with Ussing chambers according to the increase in the short-circuit current invitro and blood glucose measurement after oral glucose invivo. The protein expression of the sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT1) and the facilitated glucose transporter, member 2 (GLUT2) was analyzed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry.', 'The results from Ussing chamber experiments showed that duodenal mucosal glucose absorption levels were significantly higher in biliary duct ligation and biliary drainage mice than those in normal control mice at 1 and 2weeks after the operation. Gastrointestinal bile acid administration almost reversed the elevated duodenal mucosal glucose absorption to the normal level in biliary drainage mice. The results from the experiments invivo further confirmed that the glucose absorption increased in biliary duct ligation and biliary drainage mice. The protein expression levels of SGLT1 in the duodenal mucosae of both biliary duct ligation and biliary drainage mice were markedly higher than those in control mice, and the protein expression of GLUT2 was not significantly altered, compared with control mice.
Answer: Bile deficiency in the intestine upregulates the expression of intestinal mucosal SGLT1 and enhances intestinal mucosal glucose absorption capacity, which contributes to the understanding of intestinal physiologic function for patients with biliary duct obstruction and external biliary drainage.

Ex Output:
Does bile deficiency induce changes in intestinal glucose absorption in mice?

Ex Input:
Context: In dialysis patients, volume overhydration is common and is related to increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, it remains unclear whether volume overload imposes those detrimental effects through endothelial dysfunction.', 'In this cross-sectional study, 81 stable patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in a single center were recruited. Volume status was evaluated by extracellular water, assessed by bioimpedance analysis, and normalized to individual height (nECW). Endothelial function was estimated by endothelial-dependent flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery and expressed as percentage change relative to baseline diameter.', 'There were 37 male and 44 female patients (mean age 61 +/- 12 years, dialysis vintage 20 +/- 23 months). FMD in female patients was significantly higher than that in male patients (9.17% +/- 6.23% vs 6.31% +/- 5.01%, p < 0.05). FMD was negatively correlated with weight (r = -0.308, p < 0.01), body mass index (r = -0.242, p < 0.05), systolic blood pressure (r = -0.228, p < 0.05), ECW (r = -0.404, p < 0.001), and nECW (r = -0.418, p < 0.001). No correlation was found between FMD and other variables. In multiple stepwise regression analysis, calcium x phosphate product (beta = 0.422, p < 0.001), nECW (beta = -0.343, p < 0.01), and dialysis vintage (beta = -0.237, p < 0.05) were independent determinants of FMD (adjusted R(2) = 0.327 for this model).
Answer: There was independent correlation between index of volume status and FMD, and higher nECW was related to worse endothelial function. The results of this study may help us understand the underlying mechanism of volume overhydration leading to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in dialysis patients.

Ex Output:
Is volume overhydration related to endothelial dysfunction in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients?

Ex Input:
Context: Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) are prone to developing duodenal adenoma and cancer. Optimal surveillance and management of these adenomas are not well established.', 'We assessed the outcome of FAP patients undergoing intense multimodal surveillance and subsequent endoscopic resection of advanced lesions.', 'Eighty consecutive FAP patients enrolled during 2001 to 2011 from the Familial Cancer Clinic of a tertiary hospital as part of routine surveillance.', 'Case series, prospective in years 2006 to 2011 and retrospective in years 2001 to2006.', 'Patients were followed by annual forward-view and/or side-view upper endoscopy. Abiopsy sample was obtained from visible lesions and normal papillae. Ampullary adenomas were further assessed by EUS to determine dimensions and resectability. Advanced adenomas (size 10mm, villous type, high-grade dysplasia) underwent endoscopic ampullectomy or polypectomy and continued surveillance.', 'Detection of advanced adenomas by endoscopy and EUS, endoscopic maintenance of duodenum free of advanced adenoma and cancer.', 'Patients (38 men and 42 women, mean age 32.68 13.60) were followed 7.2 years and underwent 5.36diagnostic studies on average. Thirty-eight patients had ampullary adenomas. Advanced adenoma was diagnosed by endoscopy in 10 patients. Importantly, EUS upstaged 9 additional patients to advanced adenoma and downstaged 1, thus altering the treatment course in 36% of patients performing EUS. Endoscopic ampullectomy was performed in 15 patients. Adenoma recurred in 10. Five remained nonadvanced and 5 in advanced stages: 3 were successfully retreated endoscopically and 2 ultimately required surgery for residual adenoma. Advanced nonampullary adenomas were successfully resected endoscopically in 23 patients. No patient had duodenal cancer during the study period.
Answer: Limited follow-up period, young age group, uncontrolled study.

Ex Output:
Are endoscopy and EUS key for effective surveillance and management of duodenal adenomas in familial adenomatous polyposis?