Problem: Estonian (eesti keel [esti kel] ( listen)) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various migrant communities. It belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic language family.

One distinctive feature that has caused a great amount of interest among linguists is what is traditionally seen as three degrees of phonemic length: short, long, and "overlong", such that /sd/, /sd/ and /sd/ are distinct. In actuality, the distinction is not purely in the phonemic length, and the underlying phonological mechanism is still disputed.[citation needed]

Estonian belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic languages, along with Finnish, Karelian, and other nearby languages. The Uralic languages do not belong to the Indo-European languages. Estonian is distantly related to Hungarian and to the Sami languages.

Estonian has been influenced by Swedish, German (initially Middle Low German, which was the lingua franca of the Hanseatic League and spoken natively in the territories of what is today known as Estonia by a sizeable burgher community of Baltic Germans, later Estonian was also influenced by standard German), and Russian, though it is not related to them genetically.
1. Approximately how many people speak the language in focus?
2. What language branch does it belong to?
3. What is the distinctive aspect to linguists?
4. What language family is it a part of?
5. What specific languages is it excluded from?
6. Which three countries influenced the language?
7. Which two language are distant relatives?
8. Which other languages are also Uralic?
9. Name the three degrees of phonemic length?
10. What is the distinction in the example given?
Answer: 1. Around 1.1 million people.
2. The Finnic branch.
3. Three degrees of phonemic length.
4. Uralic language family.
5. German and Russian.
6. Swedish, German, and Russian.
7. Estonian is related to Hungarian and Sami languages.
8. Finnish and Karelian.
9. Short, long, and overlong.
10. /sd/, /sd/ and /sd/

Problem: It is on Absecon Island, on the Atlantic coast. Atlantic City was incorporated on May 1, 1854, from portions of Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township. The city borders Absecon, Brigantine, Pleasantville, Ventnor City and West Atlantic City.

Because of its location in South Jersey, hugging the Atlantic Ocean between marshlands and islands, Atlantic City was viewed by developers as prime real estate and a potential resort town. In 1853, the first commercial hotel, The Belloe House, located at Massachusetts and Atlantic Avenue, was built.

The city was incorporated in 1854, the same year in which the Camden and Atlantic Railroad train service began. Built on the edge of the bay, this served as the direct link of this remote parcel of land with Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. That same year, construction of the Absecon Lighthouse, designed by George Meade of the Corps of Topographical Engineers, was approved, with work initiated the next year. By 1874, almost 500,000 passengers a year were coming to Atlantic City by rail. In Boardwalk Empire: The Birth, High Times, and Corruption of Atlantic City, "Atlantic City's Godfather" Nelson Johnson describes the inspiration of Dr. Jonathan Pitney (the "Father of Atlantic City") to develop Atlantic City as a health resort, his efforts to convince the municipal authorities that a railroad to the beach would be beneficial, his successful alliance with Samuel Richards (entrepreneur and member of the most influential family in southern New Jersey at the time) to achieve that goal, the actual building of the railroad, and the experience of the first 600 riders, who "were chosen carefully by Samuel Richards and Jonathan Pitney":
1. When was Atlantic City established?
2. From what 2 townships?
3. What year?
4. What large body of water is it near?
5. When was the first hotel constructed?
6. What rail services started in 1854?
7. What other large project was constructed that helps guide ships?
8. Who was the designer?
9. How many people road the railway yearly?
10. What did a doctor want to make the city?
11. Where did he want railways to take people?
12. Who did he partner with to make that happen?
13. Did they make it happen?
14. How many passengers took the first ride?
Answer: 1. May 1
2. Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township
3. 1854
4. the Atlantic Ocean
5. 1853
6. Camden and Atlantic Railroad train service
7. Absecon Lighthouse
8. George Meade
9. almost 500,000
10. a health resort
11. to the beach
12. Samuel Richards
13. yes
14. 600

Problem: CHAPTER XIII.

Morning found the settlers, with the exception of Col. Zane, his brother Jonathan, the negro Sam, and Martin Wetzel, all within the Fort. Col. Zane had determined, long before, that in the event of another siege, he would use his house as an outpost. Twice it had been destroyed by fire at the hands of the Indians. Therefore, surrounding himself by these men, who were all expert marksmen, Col. Zane resolved to protect his property and at the same time render valuable aid to the Fort.

Early that morning a pirogue loaded with cannon balls, from Ft. Pitt and bound for Louisville, had arrived and Captain Sullivan, with his crew of three men, had demanded admittance. In the absence of Capt. Boggs and Major McColloch, both of whom had been dispatched for reinforcements, Col. Zane had placed his brother Silas in command of the Fort. Sullivan informed Silas that he and his men had been fired on by Indians and that they sought the protection of the Fort. The services of himself and men, which he volunteered, were gratefully accepted.

All told, the little force in the block-house did not exceed forty-two, and that counting the boys and the women who could handle rifles. The few preparations had been completed and now the settlers were awaiting the appearance of the enemy. Few words were spoken. The children were secured where they would be out of the way of flying bullets. They were huddled together silent and frightened; pale-faced but resolute women passed up and down the length of the block-house; some carried buckets of water and baskets of food; others were tearing bandages; grim-faced men peered from the portholes; all were listening for the war-cry.
1. How many were in the fort?
2. Were they all men?
3. What were they doing?
4. Which were whom?
5. Who was in charge of the fort?
6. Who arrived that day?
7. How many were with him?
8. Where were they from?
9. What were they carrying?
10. Where were they taking them?
11. What did they want from the fort?
12. Why?
13. From whom?
14. Who was missing from there?
15. Where were they?
16. Who is Silas' brother?
17. Where was he?
18. Was he alone?
19. How many were with him?
20. Could they all shoot?
Answer:
1. forty-two
2. no
3. Awaiting the appearance of the enemy.
4. Indians
5. Silas
6. Captain Sullivan, with his crew
7. three
8. Ft. Pitt
9. a pirogue loaded with cannon balls
10. Louisville
11. admittance
12. they sought protection
13. Indians
14. Capt. Boggs and Major McColloch
15. dispatched for reinforcements
16. Col. Zane
17. at his property
18. no
19. Three
20. yes