Question: Madeira has no beaches to speak of though the day when an enterprising hotel builds its own man-made beach can't be too far off.
There is a lot of beaches in the city.

Answer: no

Question: : Jon and Susan
Susan was younger than Jon

Answer: it is not possible to tell

Question: The Scots themselves were divided, many embracing Protestantism in the spirit of the Reformation while others remained staunchly Catholic.
Some Scots remained Catholic while others became Protestants.

Answer:
yes