Q: Dear Karen, As you probably know, it's my sister Suzie's 16th birthday in a week. We're planning a surprise party for her. Julie's going to pick her up from school as usual on Friday but she's not taking her home. She's bringing her to the Palace Hotel, the big modern one near the station. We're having a meal there and we've also hired the ballroom for a party in the evening. I hope you can come! All her friends from school are coming and quite a few of the people from our village, too. Of course, Mum and Dad are coming up from England and I've managed to persuade our other sister, Marie, to come over from Australia. She's bringing her kids with her, too. After the party we're going to have another one on Saturday! Well, not really a party. We're inviting the family and close friends (that includes you) for a meal at the house. If the weather is nice, we'd like to have a barbecue in the garden. Julie's going to make a special cake for Suzie. Anyway, we hope to make it a really special weekend for Suzie. On Sunday we're all going for a walk in the country. You know how she loves walking and we're all going to need a bit of exercise after all that lovely food. We're hoping to go up to the lake. Marie said she wanted her kids to feed the ducks just like Suzie and she did when they were very young. I'm sure Suzie will love that too. It would be great if you could come over for the weekend. We would all love to see you. Let me know as soon as you can. Best, David

Answer the following questions:
1. Are the parents coming to the party?
2. Where are they coming from?
3. What type of party is it?
4. for who?
5. Does she know about the party?
6. How old will she be?
7. Will other family be there?
8. Who?
9. Where is she from?
10. Does she have kids?
11. Who else is coming to the party?
12. Is it just one party?
13. When is the next?
14. What's going on then?
15. Is anyone making a cake?
16. Where is Fridays party going to be?
17. How will Suzie get there?
18. What is planned for Sunday?
19. Who enjoyed feeding ducks?
20. Who is writing the letter?
A: 1. Yes
2. England
3. birthday party
4. Suzie's
5. No
6. 16
7. yes
8. Their other sister
9. Australia
10. Yes
11. All her friends from school
12. No
13. on Saturday
14. a barbecue
15. Yes
16. the Palace Hotel
17. Julie's going to pick her up from school
18. a walk in the country.
19. Suzie
20. David

Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

Modernism is a philosophical movement that, along with cultural trends and changes, arose from wide-scale and far-reaching transformations in Western society during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Among the factors that shaped modernism were the development of modern industrial societies and the rapid growth of cities, followed then by reactions of horror to World War I. Modernism also rejected the certainty of Enlightenment thinking, and many modernists rejected religious belief.

Modernism, in general, includes the activities and creations of those who felt the traditional forms of art, architecture, literature, religious faith, philosophy, social organization, activities of daily life, and even the sciences, were becoming ill-fitted to their tasks and outdated in the new economic, social, and political environment of an emerging fully industrialized world. The poet Ezra Pound's 1934 injunction to "Make it new!" was the touchstone of the movement's approach towards what it saw as the now obsolete culture of the past. In this spirit, its innovations, like the stream-of-consciousness novel, atonal (or pantonal) and twelve-tone music, divisionist painting and abstract art, all had precursors in the 19th century.

A notable characteristic of modernism is self-consciousness and irony concerning literary and social traditions, which often led to experiments with form, along with the use of techniques that drew attention to the processes and materials used in creating a painting, poem, building, etc. Modernism explicitly rejected the ideology of realism and makes use of the works of the past by the employment of reprise, incorporation, rewriting, recapitulation, revision and parody.

1. what shaped modernism?
2. and?
3. what has it rejected?
4. which poet is mentioned?
5. how many characteristics does modernism have?
6. what are they?
7. what are these concerned with?
8. what did these lead to?
9. has it rejected anything?
10. what?
11. how is historical work used?
12. is there more?
13. what?
14. what is modernism?
15. when did it flourish?
16. in which society?
17. what was it's touchstone?
18. when was this done?
19. when did artists all have precursors?

Numbered answers:

A: 1. development of modern industrial societies
2. rapid growth of cities
3. Enlightenment thinking,
4. Ezra Pound
5. Two
6. self-consciousness and irony
7. literary and social traditions,
8. experiments with form,
9. yes
10. the ideology of realism
11. by the employment of reprise, incorporation, rewriting,
12. yes
13. recapitulation, revision and parody.
14. a philosophical movement
15. late 19th and early 20th centuries
16. Western society
17. Ezra Pound's injunction to "Make it new"
18. 1934
19. 19th century

Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

For most caffeine consumers, its chief benefit is that it helps you get more done. This is what makes it unusual, says Stephen Braun, author of Buzz: The Science and Lore of Alcohol and Caffeine. "Its appeal is that it helps us earn more money," he adds. "What makes it different from other drugs is that it's used as a productivity tool -- not for pleasure." Many of history's creative minds have also been associated with a large amount of caffeine consumption. According to one biographer, the French novelist and playwright Balzac drank as many as 50 cups of coffee a day. "Were it not for coffee one could not write, which is to say one could not live," he once insisted. For seven years, the film-maker David Lynch ate at the same Los Angeles diner every day, drinking up to seven sweetened cups of coffee "with lots of sugar" in one sitting, which he said would guarantee that "lots of ideas" arrived. Ludwig van Beethoven was said to have painstakingly counted out exactly 60 coffee beans per cup when he brewed coffee. Perhaps recent tales of caffeine excess featured the singer Robbie Williams, who reportedly consumed 36 cups of black coffee and 20 cans of Red Bull a day. It is the routine task itself, as much as the stimulating effects of caffeine, that makes the process so important, says Mason Currey, author of Daily Rituals: How Artists Work. "A lot of artists use the process of making coffee as a gateway to the creative process," he adds. "You need to get into the right mindset to do that sort of work, and the preparation process provides a focus." One problem with attempting to control caffeine, says Braun, is that it affects everyone differently -- it is impossible to work out a "safe" limit that works for everyone. "Eventually, you have to become your own scientist -- there isn't an alternative to careful self-experimentation," he says.

1. What is the main side effect of caffeine?
2. What makes this more unique than other drugs?
3. What do many of the famous creative people have in common?
4. What famous play writed would drink a ton of it?
5. How much did he drink?
6. What would happen if he didn't?
7. What film maker was famous of eating at the same place?
8. How much would he drink?
9. What famous composer was specific about his coffee?
10. How?
11. What did a famous sing consume along side his coffee?
12. How much?

Numbered answers:

A:
1. it helps you get more done
2. it's used as a productivity tool
3. They have been associated with a large amount of caffeine consumption.
4. Balzac
5. 50 cups of coffee a day
6. he could not write
7. David Lynch
8. seven sweetened cups
9. Ludwig van Beethoven
10. he counted out exactly 60 coffee beans per cup
11. Red Bull
12. 20 cans