[Q]: Process: - Coal is put in a coal-fired steam station - Water is put in pipes in the coal-fired steam station - The coal is crushed - The coal is moved into a boiler along with hot air - The water is moving through pipes in the boiler - The steam from the water is blown against a turning mechanism - The force of the steam makes the mechanism turn - The mechanism generates electricity. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose more teenagers are killed in accidents happens, how will it affect more coal is moved into boiler. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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[A]: no

input: Please answer the following: Process: - Get an ice cube tray - Fill the tray with cool water - Place the tray in the freezer - Leave the tray in the freezer for a few hours - Take they tray out of the freezer - Pop the ice cubes out of tray. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose not growing plants on farms. happens, how will it affect LESS ice cubes being made. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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output: no

Please answer this: Process: - An animal eats a lot of food to fatten up - The animal finds or builds a suitable place to hibernate where they can stay warm and protected - The animal moves into their den - Their heart rate and breathing slow down to conserve energy - They emerge from the den when the weather is warming up again. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose an animal finds plenty of food happens, how will it affect HELPING the animal to hibernate properly. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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Answer: yes

Problem: Process: - Food leaves the esophagus and enters the stomach - The stomach churns the food - With the aid of stomach acids - The food becomes a thick liquid - Is then passed to the small intestine. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose less food enters the esophagus happens, how will it affect less stomach acid will be produced. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?

A: yes

Problem: Given the question: Process: - Owls have specially adapted eyes that see better at night - Owls sit at high points in trees and look around - When an owl spots a rodent they track it - When the rodent is standing still the owl swoops down - The owl grabs the rodent with their tallons - The owl uses their beak to eat the rodent. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose more pollution in the environment happens, how will it affect more owls see rodents. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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The answer is:
no

Problem: Process: - Rock begins as magma from a volcano - The magma cools - Crystals form and the magma become igneous rocks - The igneous rocks break down into sediment - Become sedimentary rocks - If subjected to heat and/or pressure from plate-tectonic activity the sedimentary rocks become metamorphic rock - The metamorphic rocks melt - Become magma again. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose less magma comes from volcano happens, how will it affect less igneous rock formin. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?

A:
yes