Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

On June 26, 2000, two scientists, called Francis Collins and Craig Venter, told the world that they could read the whole "map" of the human body: DNA. DNA is something that everybody has, and it tells the body what to do. DNA is the reason that we look like our mother and father, because we get some of their DNA to make our own. People have been trying to understand the human body for a long time. In 1860, Gregor Mendel discovered a special reason why we look the same as other people in our family. It is because of small things named "genes" in our body. In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick made another discovery and found out that those small parts are real messages written in the DNA with a special language. In 1961, Marshall Nirenberg and Johann Matthaci found a message in DNA showing how DNA tells the cell to build its parts. Scientists have now found all the words in the DNA map, but we still do not understand what they all do. By understanding what just one "word" means, we can help save more people from several illnesses. Most people hope that this will help make better medicine and help sick people. Other people worry that when people begin to know more words and find out lots of other information, we might use it in a wrong way, just to make people more attractive, or stop sick people from getting jobs. Man would have to meet a lot of trouble if DNA technic wasn't limited in use.

1. What is a map of the human body called?
2. Who said they could read this map?
3. Is RNA why we resemble our parents?
4. Is the study of it new?
5. Who studied it first?
6. What year was that?
7. Did he discover chromosomes?
8. What did he discover?
9. When was the next epiphany on this topic?
10. Who unearthed it?
11. When was the next breakthrough?
12. Are researchers now fully experts in this science?

Numbered answers:

A: 1. DNA.
2. Francis Collins and Craig Venter.
3. No, genes are.
4. No.
5. Gregor Mendel
6. In 1860.
7. No.
8. The reason we look like others.
9. In 1953,.
10. James Watson and Francis Crick.
11. In 1961.
12. No.

Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

One of Anna's friends has chickenpox . Two days later, Katie has chickenpox. Anna's mother says: " Your best friend has chickenpox . We have to keep an eye on you." The next evening, Anna finds some red spots on her face. The next morning, she stays home from school. She can't go to her grandpa's birthday party. She can't go to her soccer practice. She can't go to the supermarket with her mother.Anna cries : " I don't like chickenpox. I miss school. I miss my friends." Then Anna's mother has an idea. After lunch, Katie, Mike and Danny come to Anna's home--- all with spots like her. Anna's mother says : " Let's have a chickenpox party!" All the afternoon, the kids play games. When Anna's friends have to go home, "See you at school." Katie says. "Having chickenpox is not so bad." says Danny. "I know," Anna says with a laugh , " Can we all have chickenpox again next week?"

1. Who's friend is sick?
2. what is she sick with?
3. what is her name?
4. How many others have it?
5. what are their names?
6. Does Anna miss anything because of them?
7. what?
8. anything else?
9. what?
10. anything else?
11. what?
12. did she enjoy having them?
13. why not?
14. Who had a thought to fix that?
15. what did they do?
16. how many people came?
17. who?
18. what did they do there?
19. did they leave?
20. did she feel better?

Numbered answers:

A: 1. Anna's
2. chickenpox
3. Katie
4. Three
5. Mike Danny and Anna
6. Yes
7. school
8. Yes
9. her grandpa's birthday party
10. Yes
11. her soccer practice
12. No
13. she missed school and her friends
14. her mother
15. have a chickenpox party
16. Three
17. Katie, Mike and Danny
18. they played games
19. Yes
20. Yes

Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

Fax (short for facsimile), sometimes called telecopying or telefax (the latter short for telefacsimile), is the telephonic transmission of scanned printed material (both text and images), normally to a telephone number connected to a printer or other output device. The original document is scanned with a fax machine (or a telecopier), which processes the contents (text or images) as a single fixed graphic image, converting it into a bitmap, and then transmitting it through the telephone system in the form of audio-frequency tones. The receiving fax machine interprets the tones and reconstructs the image, printing a paper copy. Early systems used direct conversions of image darkness to audio tone in a continuous or analog manner. Since the 1980s, most machines modulate the transmitted audio frequencies using a digital representation of the page which is compressed to quickly transmit areas which are all-white or all-black.

Scottish inventor Alexander Bain worked on chemical mechanical fax type devices and in 1846 was able to reproduce graphic signs in laboratory experiments. He received British patent 9745 on May 27, 1843 for his "Electric Printing Telegraph." Frederick Bakewell made several improvements on Bain's design and demonstrated a telefax machine. The Pantelegraph was invented by the Italian physicist Giovanni Caselli. He introduced the first commercial telefax service between Paris and Lyon in 1865, some 11 years before the invention of the telephone.

1. What word is "fax" an abbreviation of?
2. Can a fax send images?
3. What else?
4. After scanning, what is the original document converted to?
5. How is it the sent over the telephone?
6. What does a fax machine do with these tones?
7. To do what?
8. Who tweaked Bain's design?
9. What did Bain patent?
10. When?
11. Which was invented first, telefax or the telephone?
12. Where did the first service run?
13. When?
14. What can post-1980s fax machines transmit quickly?
15. What do they use to do this?
16. What is fax sometimes called instead?
17. Or what?
18. Which is an abbreviation for what?
19. Who was Caselli?

Numbered answers:

A:
1. facsimile
2. Yes
3. text
4. a bitmap
5. audio-frequency tones
6. interprets them
7. reconstructs the image
8. Frederick Bakewell
9. the Electric Printing Telegraph
10. May 27, 1843
11. telefax
12. between Paris and Lyon
13. 1865
14. areas which are all-white or all-black.
15. a digital representation of the page
16. telecopying
17. telefax
18. telefacsimile
19. an Italian physicist