Answer the following question given this paragraph: Invertebrate Digestive Systems Animals have evolved different types of digestive systems to aid in the digestion of the different foods they consume. The simplest example is that of a gastrovascular cavity and is found in organisms with only one opening for digestion. Platyhelminthes (flatworms), Ctenophora (comb jellies), and Cnidaria (coral, jelly fish, and sea anemones) use this type of digestion. Gastrovascular cavities, as shown in Figure 34.5a, are typically a blind tube or cavity with only one opening, the "mouth", which also serves as an "anus". Ingested material enters the mouth and passes through a hollow, tubular cavity. Cells within the cavity secrete digestive enzymes that break down the food. The food particles are engulfed by the cells lining the gastrovascular cavity. The alimentary canal, shown in Figure 34.5b, is a more advanced system: it consists of one tube with a mouth at one end and an anus at the other. Earthworms are an example of an animal with an alimentary canal. Once the food is ingested through the mouth, it passes through the esophagus and is stored in an organ called the crop; then it passes into the gizzard where it is churned and digested. From the gizzard, the food passes through the intestine, the nutrients are absorbed, and the waste is eliminated as feces, called castings, through the anus. Q: The simplest example of what type of 'organ system' is the gastrovascular cavity found in organisms with only one opening for the process? A:
OPTIONS:
- cardiovascular
- respiratory
- nervous
- digestive

Answer: digestive

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Attached to the placenta is the amniotic sac , an enclosed membrane that surrounds and protects the fetus. It contains amniotic fluid , which consists of water and dissolved substances. The fluid allows the fetus to move freely until it grows to fill most of the available space. The fluid also cushions the fetus and helps protect it from injury. Q: What is the enclosed, fluid-filled membrane that surrounds and protects the fetus and is attached to the placenta? A:
OPTIONS:
- epithelial sac
- umbilical sac
- womb
- amniotic sac
Answer: amniotic sac

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Tropomyosin is a protein that winds around the chains of the actin filament and covers the myosin-binding sites to prevent actin from binding to myosin. Tropomyosin binds to troponin to form a troponin-tropomyosin complex. The troponintropomyosin complex prevents the myosin "heads" from binding to the active sites on the actin microfilaments. Troponin also has a binding site for Ca++ ions. To initiate muscle contraction, tropomyosin has to expose the myosin-binding site on an actin filament to allow cross-bridge formation between the actin and myosin microfilaments. The first step in the process of contraction is for Ca++ to bind to troponin so that tropomyosin can slide away from the binding sites on the actin strands. This allows the myosin heads to bind to these exposed binding sites and form cross-bridges. The thin filaments are then pulled by the myosin heads to slide past the thick filaments toward the center of the sarcomere. But each head can only pull a very short distance before it has reached its limit and must be "re-cocked" before it can pull again, a step that requires ATP. Q: Tropomyosin is a type of what, that winds around the chains of the actin filament and covers the myosin-binding sites to prevent actin from binding to myosin? A:
OPTIONS:
- enzyme
- bacteria
- amine
- protein
output: protein

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Group 15 of the periodic table is also called the nitrogen group. The first element in the group is the nonmetal nitrogen (N), followed by phosphorus (P), another nonmetal. Arsenic (As) ( Figure below ) and antimony (Sb) are the metalloids in this group, and bismuth (Bi) is a metal. All group 15 elements have five valence electrons, but they vary in their reactivity. Nitrogen, for example, is not very reactive at all, whereas phosphorus is very reactive and found naturally only in combination with other substances. All group 15 elements are solids, except for nitrogen, which is a gas. Q: Group 15 of the periodic table is also called which group? A:

OPTIONS:
- oxygen
- potassium
- hydrogen
- nitrogen

A: nitrogen

input: OPTIONS:
- shale
- coal
- magma
- very thick oil Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Tar sands are rocky materials mixed with very thick oil. The tar is too thick to pump, and so tar sands are strip-mined. Hot water and caustic soda are used to separate the oil from the rock. This creates a slurry, which is shaken. The oil floats to the top and is skimmed off. Q: Tar sands are rocky materials mixed with what? A:
A:
output: very thick oil

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Vertebrates have a system of muscles attached to the endoskeleton to enable movement. Muscles control movement by alternately contracting (shortening) and relaxing (lengthening). Generally, muscles work together in opposing pairs. Q: In vertebrates, a system of what structures attached to the endoskeleton enables movement? A:
OPTIONS:
- nerves
- tendons
- tissues
- muscles
Answer:
muscles