Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
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Question: Context: Concomitant thyroid nodules are the most common reason for false-positive ultrasonography (US) results in primary hyperparathyroidism. The aims of this prospective clinical study were to evaluate false-positive US results according to the characteristics of concomitant thyroid nodules and to determine which characteristics of thyroid nodules are important.', 'This prospective study included 120 consecutive patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to preoperative US results. Group 1 consisted of 32 patients with false-positive US results and group 2 consisted of 88 patients with true-positive US results.', 'The risk for false-positive US result was increased 25-fold for patients with parathyroid adenoma weight of more than 500 mg (odds ratio [OR], 25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 8.6-74.5), 75-fold for more than 1 posteriorly located thyroid (OR, 75; 95% CI, 19.3-293.4), 358-fold for the presence of exophytic thyroid nodules (OR, 358; 95% CI, 42.3-3036), and 423-fold for the presence of posteriorly located thyroid nodules (OR, 423; 95% CI, 49-3662).
Answer: Although there was no particular characteristic of concomitant thyroid nodules that contributes to false-positive US results, the posteriorly located thyroid nodules were the strongest correlate for the false-positive US results to other features.

Answer: Do the characteristics of concomitant thyroid nodules cause false-positive ultrasonography results in primary hyperparathyroidism?

Question: Context: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) by simultaneous biventricular pacing is now widely accepted as a new therapeutic option for patients with severe congestive heart failure (CHF). Recent studies have shown comparable hemodynamic benefits of left ventricular (LV) pacing alone. The clinical usefulness of CRT, however, might be compromised by potential exaggeration of arrhythmogenic substrates through a modification of ventricular repolarization.', 'We compared ECG parameters during sinus rhythm (SR), atrioventricular synchronous pacing at the right ventricular apex (RV(end)P), at LV epicardium (LV(epi)P), and at both sites (BiVP) in acute homodynamic studies of 14 CHF patients scheduled for CRT (QRS duration = 144 +/- 23 msec, LVEF = 27 +/- 10%). The maximum rate of increase in LV pressure (LVdp/dt(max)) was decreased significantly during RV(end)P, whereas it was increased similarly during LV(epi)P and BiVP compared with SR. QTc was increased during RV(end)P (by 10.2%) and LV(epi)P (by 26.1%). QTc dispersion (QTc(max)-QTc(min) in the six precordial leads) was also increased during LV(epi)P (by 66.5%). These parameters were unaffected during BiVP. JTc was unchanged, and the interval from the peak to the end of the T wave (Tc(peak-end)) was increased slightly (by 19.3%) during RV(end)P. Both JTc and Tc(peak-end) were increased dramatically during LV(epi)P (by 18.2% and 55.4%, respectively), but increased only modestly during BiVP (by 6.6% and 15.8%, respectively).
Answer: LV(epi)P causes much greater increase in spatial dispersion of ventricular repolarization than BiVP in CHF patients. BiVP may have a substantial advantage over LV(epi)P to minimize the proarrhythmic perturbation of ventricular repolarization in association with CRT.

Answer: Does biventricular pacing have an advantage over left ventricular epicardial pacing alone to minimize proarrhythmic perturbation of repolarization?

Question: Context: Patients with diabetes are at greater risk of cardiovascular events. Insulin resistance (IR) and hyperinsulinaemia are both related to an increased cardiovascular risk, but whether IR predicts coronary heart disease (CHD) independently of other risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a topic of considerable controversy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prospective relationship of fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2-h post-load glucose (2hPG) load with CHD incidence among such patients.', 'A total of 2607 patients with T2D were enrolled in a community-dwelling cohort and followed for an average of 7.2 years. Conventional CHD risk factors, FPG, 2hPG, fasting insulin levels and HOMA-IR index were measured at baseline. Cox regression hazard ratios (HRs) were used to assess CHD risk.', "A total of 299 'hard' CHD events were registered (in 114 women and 185 men). Increasing levels of fasting insulinaemia were positively associated with CHD incidence. This correlation persisted after controlling for gender, body mass index, blood pressure, lipid profile, medication use and HbA1c [HR for each increase in quartile (fully adjusted model): 1.18 (95% CI: 1.06-1.32); P<0.01]. 2hPG showed a non-linear association with incident CHD [HR of highest vs lowest quartile: 1.64 (95% CI: 1.03-2.61)]. Fasting glycaemia was not associated with CHD risk, whereas HOMA-IR had a direct and independent correlation with CHD risk [HR for each one-quartile increase: 1.19 (95% CI: 1.07-1.34); P<0.01].
Answer: Fasting insulin levels are positively associated with incidence of CHD in T2D. Furthermore, 2hPG appears to be a significant predictor of incident CHD independently of other risk factors, including HbA1c. These findings suggest that strategies targeting the reduction of insulinaemia and post-load glycaemia may be useful for preventing cardiovascular complications.

Answer:
Do fasting hyperinsulinaemia and 2-h glycaemia predict coronary heart disease in patients with type 2 diabetes?