Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Ex Input:
Context: We quantitatively evaluated the collagen-to-smooth muscle tissue matrix ratio in ureteropelvic junction obstruction, and compared the ratio with the degree of obstruction, patient age and postoperative renal recovery.', "We analyzed histological sections from 65 patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction and 6 normal controls. Morphological and functional grading systems were adapted to determine the degree of renal obstruction. To examine smooth muscle and collagen tissue, sections were stained using Masson's trichrome. Two distinct populations of collagen versus smooth muscle were identified and the tissue matrix ratio was calculated by color image analysis.", 'The mean tissue matrix ratio plus or minus standard deviation was 1.32+/-0.79 in all patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction but only 0.30+/-0.10 in normal controls (p <0.0001). It appeared that the lower the tissue matrix ratio, the better the improvement in postoperative hydronephrosis (r = -0.50, p = 0.0001). Better recovery of renal function after pyeloplasty was observed with a decrease in the tissue matrix ratio (r = -0.43, p = 0.0004). We divided patients according to the tissue matrix ratio into groups 1--ratio 1 or less, 2--greater than 1 to 1.5 and 3--greater than 1.5 to determine a more detailed and clinically applicable correlation of tissue matrix ratio with postoperative renal functional changes. Better improvement in postoperative renal function was observed in group 1 than in group 3 (p = 0.002). Also, the tissue matrix ratio increased with patient age (r = 0.33, p = 0.007).
Answer: Since our data represent an objective and quantitative parameter associated with ureteropelvic junction obstruction, we believe that our findings may help to predict the prognosis after pyeloplasty.

Ex Output:
Does collagen-to-smooth muscle ratio help prediction of prognosis after pyeloplasty?

Ex Input:
Context: TECPR2 was first described as a disease causing gene when the c.3416delT frameshift mutation was found in five Jewish Bukharian patients with similar features. It was suggested to constitute a new subtype of complex hereditary spastic paraparesis (SPG49).', 'We report here 3 additional patients from unrelated non-Bukharian families, harboring two novel mutations (c.1319delT, c.C566T) in this gene. Accumulating clinical data clarifies that in addition to intellectual disability and evolving spasticity the main disabling feature of this unique disorder is autonomic-sensory neuropathy accompanied by chronic respiratory disease and paroxysmal autonomic events.
Answer: We suggest that the disease should therefore be classified as a new subtype of hereditary sensory-autonomic neuropathy. The discovery of additional mutations in non-Bukharian patients implies that this disease might be more common than previously appreciated and should therefore be considered in undiagnosed cases of intellectual disability with autonomic features and respiratory symptoms regardless of demographic origin.

Ex Output:
Do tECPR2 mutations cause a new subtype of familial dysautonomia like hereditary sensory autonomic neuropathy with intellectual disability?

Ex Input:
Context: Emphysema, especially in the upper lobes, is frequently observed in association with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, the combination of emphysema plus IPF has received little attention.', 'To investigate the additional functional impairment from emphysema in IPF patients.', 'Twenty-one patients (mean age 66 y, 20 men) (Group I) who had both IPF (mean 35% of total lung volume) and emphysema (mean 14% of total lung volume) were compared to a group of 21 subjects who had IPF but no emphysema (Group II). The groups were matched for (among other criteria) the total extent of disease. Pulmonary function tests, Medical Research Council dyspnea score, 6-min walk test, and radiographic extents of both IPF and emphysema were obtained for each patient. The Composite Physiologic Index was calculated. In the total population (n = 42), the independent contributions of IPF and emphysema to several physiologic variables were investigated by using stepwise multiple regression analysis.', 'Despite the limited extent of emphysema, Groups I and II had similar physiologic impairment. Only residual volume and total lung capacity were significantly higher in Group I. According to stepwise multiple regression analysis, the extent of IPF and either the presence or the extent of emphysema in the total population were independent and significant predictors of dyspnea score, 6-min walk test, P(aO2), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV(1)), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC, the diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide, carbon monoxide diffusing capacity adjusted for alveolar volume (gas-transfer coefficient), and residual volume. The Composite Physiologic Index was closely related to the extent of IPF (r = 0.65, p < 0.0001) and to the dyspnea score (rho = 0.59, p < 0.0001).
Answer: In former smokers with IPF, the presence and the extent of emphysema have a profound influence on physiologic function in terms of both further impairment and confounding effects.

Ex Output:
Does the presence of emphysema further impair physiologic function in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?