input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The hypothalamus is actually part of the brain (see Figure below ), but it also secretes hormones . Some of its hormones "tell" the pituitary gland either to secrete or to stop secreting its hormones. In this way, the hypothalamus provides a link between the nervous and endocrine systems. The hypothalamus also produces hormones that directly regulate body processes. These hormones travel to the pituitary gland, which stores them until they are needed. The hormones include antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin. Q: Which part of the brain secretes hormones that tell the pituitary gland either to secrete or to stop secreting its hormones? A:
OPTIONS:
- cerebrum
- hippocampus
- thalamus
- hypothalamus
output: hypothalamus

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: There are several different ways to quantitatively describe the concentration of a solution. For example, molarity was introduced in as a useful way to describe solution concentrations for reactions that are carried out in solution. Mole fractions, introduced in , are used not only to describe gas concentrations but also to determine the vapor pressures of mixtures of similar liquids. Example 4 reviews the methods for calculating the molarity and mole fraction of a solution when the masses of its components are known. Q: What is used to describe gas concentrations of a solution? A:

OPTIONS:
- fixation fractions
- mesh fractions
- atom fractions
- mole fractions

A: mole fractions

input: OPTIONS:
- Inner electrons
- shell electrons
- Proper electrons
- valence electrons Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom are called valence electrons. They determine many of the properties of an atom, including how reactive it is. Q: What do you call the electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom? A:
A:
output: valence electrons

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Red blood cells ( Figure below ) are made in the red marrow of long bones, rib bones, the skull, and vertebrae. Each red blood cell lives for only 120 days (about four months). After this time, they are destroyed in the liver and spleen. Mature red blood cells do not have a nucleus or other organelles. Lacking these components allows the cells to have more hemoglobin and carry more oxygen. Q: Red blood cells don't have a nucleus. this allows them to do what? A:

OPTIONS:
- be redder
- move faster
- heal faster
- carry more oxygen

Answer: carry more oxygen

Problem: OPTIONS:
- atom number
- volume number
- formation number
- mass number
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The mass number is defined as the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom. Q: The total number of protons and neutorns in an atom is called what? A:
Answer: mass number

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Hypersensitivities Maladaptive immune responses toward harmless foreign substances or self antigens that occur after tissue sensitization are termed hypersensitivities. The types of hypersensitivities include immediate, delayed, and autoimmunity. A large proportion of the population is affected by one or more types of hypersensitivity. Allergies The immune reaction that results from immediate hypersensitivities in which an antibody-mediated immune response occurs within minutes of exposure to a harmless antigen is called an allergy. In the United States, 20 percent of the population exhibits symptoms of allergy or asthma, whereas 55 percent test positive against one or more allergens. Upon initial exposure to a potential allergen, an allergic individual synthesizes antibodies of the IgE class via the typical process of APCs presenting processed antigen to TH cells that stimulate B cells to produce IgE. This class of antibodies also mediates the immune response to parasitic worms. The constant domain of the IgE molecules interact with mast cells embedded in connective tissues. This process primes, or sensitizes, the tissue. Upon subsequent exposure to the same allergen, IgE molecules on mast cells bind the antigen via their variable domains and stimulate the mast cell to release the modified amino acids histamine and serotonin; these chemical mediators then recruit eosinophils which mediate allergic responses. Figure 42.26 shows an example of an allergic response to ragweed pollen. The effects of an allergic reaction range from mild. Q: Hypersensitivity may refer to a maladaptive response of what system toward a harmless foreign substance? A:

OPTIONS:
- oxygen
- brain
- System
- immune

Answer:
immune