instruction:
Based on the information present in the given passage, you need to write a correct answer to the given question. A correct answer is one that correctly and completely answers the question. Do not write answers that address the question partially or incorrectly. The correct answer must be contained in the given paragraph.
question:
Paragraph- Sent 1: Although Bin Laden, Atef, and KSM initially contemplated using established al Qaeda members to execute the planes operation, the late 1999 arrival in Kandahar of four aspiring jihadists from Germany suddenly presented a more attractive alternative.
Sent 2: The Hamburg group shared the anti-U.S. fervor of the other candidates for the operation, but added the enormous advantages of fluency in English and familiarity with life in the West, based on years that each member of the group had spent living in Germany.
Sent 3: Not surprisingly, Mohamed Atta, Ramzi Binalshibh, Marwan al Shehhi, and Ziad Jarrah would all become key players in the 9/11 conspiracy.
Sent 4: Mohamed Atta was born on September 1, 1968, in Kafr el Sheikh, Egypt, to a middle-class family headed by his father, an attorney.
Sent 5: After graduating from Cairo University with a degree in architectural engineering in 1990, Atta worked as an urban planner in Cairo for a couple of years.
Sent 6: In the fall of 1991, he asked a German family he had met in Cairo to help him continue his education in Germany.
Sent 7: They suggested he come to Hamburg and invited him to live with them there, at least initially.
Sent 8: After completing a course in German, Atta traveled to Germany for the first time in July 1992.
Sent 9: He resided briefly in Stuttgart and then, in the fall of 1992, moved to Hamburg to live with his host family.
Sent 10: After enrolling at the University of Hamburg, he promptly transferred into the city engineering and planning course at the Technical University of Hamburg-Harburg, where he would remain registered as a student until the fall of 1999.
Sent 11: He appears to have applied himself fairly seriously to his studies (at least in comparison to his jihadist friends) and actually received his degree shortly before traveling to Afghanistan.
Sent 12: In school, Atta came across as very intelligent and reasonably pleasant, with an excellent command of the German language.
Sent 13: When Atta arrived in Germany, he appeared religious, but not fanatically so.
Sent 14: This would change, especially as his tendency to assert leadership became increasingly pronounced.
Sent 15: According to Binalshibh, as early as 1995 Atta sought to organize a Muslim student association in Hamburg.
Sent 16: In the fall of 1997, he joined a working group at the Quds mosque in Hamburg, a group designed to bridge the gap between Muslims and Christians.
Sent 17: Atta proved a poor bridge, however, because of his abrasive and increasingly dogmatic personality.
Sent 18: But among those who shared his beliefs, Atta stood out as a decisionmaker.
Question: What were the initial plans of the plane attack masterminds, before switching plans?.
answer:
To engage al Qaeda members to execute the planes operation.

question:
Paragraph- Sent 1: Conduction is the transfer of thermal energy.
Sent 2: It occurs between objects or substances that are touching.
Sent 3: Thermal conductors are materials that are good conductors of heat.
Sent 4: Thermal insulators are materials that are poor conductors of heat.
Sent 5: Both conductors and insulators have important uses.
Sent 6: Convection is the transfer of thermal energy.
Sent 7: This occurs as particles move within a fluid.
Sent 8: The fluid may be a liquid or a gas.
Sent 9: The particles within the fluid transfer energy by moving from warmer to cooler areas.
Sent 10: They move in loops.
Sent 11: These loops are called convection currents.
Sent 12: Radiation is the transfer of thermal energy by waves.
Sent 13: These waves can travel through empty space.
Sent 14: When the waves reach objects, the heat is transferred to the objects.
Sent 15: Radiation is how the Sun warms the Earths surface.
Question: In order for Convection to happen, should you use a conductor or an insulator?.
answer:
A conductor because insulators are bad conductors of heat.

question:
Paragraph- Sent 1: Early in chapter 5 we introduced, along with Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, two other men who became operational coordinators for al Qaeda: Khallad and Nashiri.
Sent 2: As we explained, both were involved during 1998 and 1999 in preparing to attack a ship off the coast of Yemen with a boatload of explosives.
Sent 3: They had originally targeted a commercial vessel, specifically an oil tanker, but Bin Laden urged them to look for a U.S.warship instead.
Sent 4: In January 2000, their team had attempted to attack a warship in the port of Aden, but the attempt failed when the suicide boat sank.
Sent 5: More than nine months later, on October 12,2000, al Qaeda operatives in a small boat laden with explosives attacked a U.S. Navy destroyer, the USS Cole.
Sent 6: The blast ripped a hole in the side of the Cole, killing 17 members of the ship's crew and wounding at least 40.
Sent 7: The plot, we now know, was a full-fledged al Qaeda operation, supervised directly by Bin Laden.
Sent 8: He chose the target and location of the attack, selected the suicide operatives, and provided the money needed to purchase explosives and equipment.
Sent 9: Nashiri was the field commander and managed the operation in Yemen.
Sent 10: Khallad helped in Yemen until he was arrested in a case of mistaken identity and freed with Bin Laden's help, as we also mentioned earlier.
Sent 11: Local al Qaeda coordinators included Jamal al Badawi and Fahd al Quso, who was supposed to film the attack from a nearby apartment.
Sent 12: The two suicide operatives chosen were Hassan al Khamri and Ibrahim al Thawar, also known as Nibras.
Sent 13: Nibras and Quso delivered money to Khallad in Bangkok during Khallad's January 2000 trip to Kuala Lumpur and Bangkok.
Sent 14: In September 2000, Bin Laden reportedly told Nashiri that he wanted to replace Khamri and Nibras.
Sent 15: Nashiri was angry and disagreed, telling others he would go to Afghanistan and explain to Bin Laden that the new operatives were already trained and ready to conduct the attack.
Sent 16: Prior to departing, Nashiri gave Nibras and Khamri instructions to execute the attack on the next U.S.warship that entered the port of Aden.
Question: How many casualties resulted in the attack on the U.S Navy Destroyer?.
answer:
The attack killed 17 members of the ship's crew and wounded at least 40.