Answer the following question given this paragraph: Summary Four quantities must be known for a complete physical description of a sample of a gas: temperature, volume, amount, and pressure. Pressure is force per unit area of surface; the SI unit for pressure is the pascal (Pa), defined as 1 newton per square meter (N/m2). The pressure exerted by an object is proportional to the force it exerts and inversely proportional to the area on which the force is exerted. The pressure exerted by Earth's atmosphere, called atmospheric pressure, is about 101 kPa or 14.7 lb/in.2 at sea level. Atmospheric pressure can be measured with abarometer, a closed, inverted tube filled with mercury. The height of the mercury column is proportional to atmospheric pressure, which is often reported in units ofmillimeters of mercury (mmHg), also called torr. Standard atmospheric pressure, the pressure required to support a column of mercury 760 mm tall, is yet. Q: What is the si unit for pressure? A:
OPTIONS:
- watt
- laurent
- le
- pascal
pascal

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Note Sometimes the word pure is added to substance, but this is not absolutely necessary. By definition, any single substance is pure. The smallest part of an element that maintains the identity of that element is called an atom. Atoms are extremely tiny; to make a line 1 inch long, you would need 217 million iron atoms. The smallest part of a compound that maintains the identity of that compound is called a molecule. Molecules are composed of atoms that are attached together and behave as a unit. Scientists usually work with millions and millions of atoms and molecules at a time. When a scientist is working with large numbers of atoms or molecules at a time, the scientist is studying the macroscopic view of the universe. However, scientists can also describe chemical events on the level of individual atoms or molecules, which is referred to as the microscopic viewpoint. We will see examples of Saylor URL: http://www. saylor. org/books. Q: The smallest part of an element that maintains the identity of that element is called what? A:
OPTIONS:
- lattice
- nucleus
- neutron
- atom

Answer: atom

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The Calvin cycle has three major steps: carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration. All three steps take place in the stroma of a chloroplast. Q: What is the first step of the calvin cycle called? A:
OPTIONS:
- dioxide fixation
- carbon maturation
- breath fixation
- carbon fixation
Answer: carbon fixation

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: What nullified the idea that all biological catalysts are proteins? A:
OPTIONS:
- amino acid theory
- discovery of enzymes
- discovery of metabolites
- discovery of ribozymes
output: discovery of ribozymes

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: An electromagnetic wave begins when an electrically charged particle vibrates. The Figure below shows how this happens. A vibrating charged particle causes the electric field surrounding it to vibrate as well. A vibrating electric field, in turn, creates a vibrating magnetic field. The two types of vibrating fields combine to create an electromagnetic wave. You can see animations of electromagnetic waves at these URLs:. Q: Electromagnetic waves are generally caused by magnetic fields doing what (or moving in what way)? A:

OPTIONS:
- revolving
- rippling
- folding
- vibrating

A: vibrating

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Wallace and Darwin both observed similar patterns in other organisms and independently conceived a mechanism to explain how and why such changes could take place. Darwin called this mechanism natural selection. Natural selection, Darwin argued, was an inevitable outcome of three principles that operated in nature. First, the characteristics of organisms are inherited, or passed from parent to offspring. Second, more offspring are produced than are able to survive; in other words, resources for survival and reproduction are limited. The capacity for reproduction in all organisms outstrips the availability of resources to support their numbers. Thus, there is a competition for those resources in each generation. Both Darwin and Wallace's understanding of this principle came from reading an essay by the economist Thomas Malthus, who discussed this principle in relation to human populations. Third, offspring vary among each other in regard to their characteristics and those variations are inherited. Out of these three principles, Darwin and Wallace reasoned that offspring with inherited characteristics that allow them to best compete for limited resources will survive and have more offspring than those individuals with variations that are less able to compete. Because characteristics are inherited, these traits will be better represented in the next generation. This will lead to change in populations over generations in a process that Darwin called "descent with modification. " Papers by Darwin and Wallace (Figure 11.3) presenting the idea of natural selection were read together in 1858 before the Linnaean Society in London. The following year Darwin's book, On the Origin of Species, was published, which outlined in considerable detail his arguments for evolution by natural selection. Q: What did darwin call the evolutionary concept of change in populations over generations? A:
OPTIONS:
- formation with modifications
- reproduction with modifications
- metabolism with modifications
- descent with modifications
descent with modifications