TASK DEFINITION: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
PROBLEM: Abstract: The roller screw electric VAD is easier to manufacture and 25% lighter than the previously described drum cam model. This device requires 12 to 15 W to pump 6 to 8 l/min with minimal hemolysis. The motor drive has functioned for periods up to 93 days in vivo with no measurable wear. The compliance chamber volume varies by 100 cc during VAD function but does so while maintaining pressure variations below 15 mmHg. Compliance chamber volume loss of 2 to 5 cc/day is explained by gas transport through SPU. The subcutaneous sampling port provides ready access to the sealed system.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Roller screw electric motor ventricular assist device. option2: Malignant pyoderma: a manifestation of Wegener's granulomatosis? [letter]

SOLUTION: Roller screw electric motor ventricular assist device.

PROBLEM: Abstract: The System 7 pump/actuator/engine combination has demonstrated biologic compatibility and physiologic effectiveness and responsiveness in five TVAS in vivo studies. The recent 75-day implant supports the feasibility of extended reliability of the system components. Postoperative system maintenance was necessary only because of the nonhermetic design of System 7. However, the ability to pump 11 l/min at 120 beats/min, synchronize at beat rates of 144 beats/min, and pump against mean arterial pressures of more than 150 mmHg while maintaining hematologic and biochemical values within physiologic range sets a very optimistic stage for System 8 hardware. A System 8 concept is shown in Figure 14. The System 8 hardware will include a thermal salt package capable of providing completely untethered circulatory support for a nominal 8-h period. Recharge will be accomplished with a transcutaneous transformer in 1 h. Thermal management problems become minimal, with an average energy input of 15.8 W (peak of 24.9 W). The human preclinical testing of System 8 will start in 1988.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: In vivo evaluation of a permanently implantable thermal ventricular assist system. option2: Coexistent systemic lupus erythematosus and urate deposition [letter]

SOLUTION: In vivo evaluation of a permanently implantable thermal ventricular assist system.

PROBLEM: Abstract: If one excludes trauma, problems of the neck and shoulder in children are relatively uncommon. Still, the pediatrician or family practitioner should have sufficient familiarity to provide the family with appropriate counseling and referral. This article emphasizes the common problems, but also notes less common conditions that, if unrecognized, may have serious impact on the health and well-being of the child.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Orthopedic problems of the shoulder and neck. option2: Evaluation of computed tomography guided percutaneous biopsy of the pancreas.

SOLUTION:
Orthopedic problems of the shoulder and neck.