input: Make use of the article to answer the questions. ISTANBUL, Turkey (CNN) -- In a landmark case, the European Court of Human Rights ruled Tuesday that Turkish authorities failed to protect a woman from her abusive ex-husband, effectively allowing his pattern of domestic violence to lead to the killing of her mother at gunpoint.

Judges unanimously ruled that the Turkish state violated three articles prohibiting torture and discrimination, and ensuring the right to life of the victim.

Legal experts said the ruling sets a precedent throughout Turkey and Europe for governments to protect women from domestic abuse.

"It's a very good decision," said Pinar Ilkkaracan, co-founder of the Istanbul-based organization Women for Women's Human Rights. "This means now that the state must take effective measures to protect women from violence."

According to a Turkish government study released in February, four out of 10 Turkish women are beaten by their husbands. The European Union-funded poll concluded that "one out of 10 women has reported to have been beaten during her pregnancy."

Turkey passed the Family Protection Act in 1998, which is supposed to offer women protection against domestic violence.

But in the case, Opuz v. Turkey, judges ruled that the "discriminatory judicial passivity in Turkey created a climate that was conducive to domestic violence."

Court documents state that in the southeastern Turkish city of Diyarbakir, Nahide Opuz, 36, and her mother were the repeat victims of attacks by the woman's ex-husband, Huseyin Opuz, referred to as H.O.

"Criminal proceedings were brought against H.O. on three occasions," the court wrote. On one occasion, Huseyin Opuz ran over the two women with a car. In 2001, he stabbed his ex-wife seven times with a knife. The ex-wife survived the assault. Turkish authorities detained and then released her ex-husband after fining him the equivalent of about $580. 1. Who made a ruling?
2. Who wasn't protected?
3. Who was menacing her?
4. Was he nice to her?
5. In what country did this happen?
6. Who was murdered?
7. How was she killed?
8. Who didn't protect her?
9. How many statutes did it not follow?
10. What wasn't allowed by these statutes?
11. Who spoke about the event?
12. Did Ilkkaracan think this was a good development?
13. What group did Ilkkaracan start?
14. Where is that group located?
15. What law did Turkey pass on this subject?
16. When?
17. What was the woman's name?
18. And her ex-husband?
19. How old was the woman?
20. What town did she live in?
numbered_answers: 1. the European Court of Human Rights
2. a woman
3. her ex-husband
4. no
5. Turkey
6. the woman's mother
7. at gunpoint
8. Turkish authorities
9. three
10. torture and discrimination
11. Pinar Ilkkaracan
12. yes
13. Women for Women's Human Rights
14. Istanbul
15. the Family Protection Act
16. 1998
17. Nahide Opuz
18. Huseyin Opuz
19. 36
20. Diyarbakir

input: Make use of the article to answer the questions. The grandfather of Nell Trent owns a shop of odds and ends. He wants to make sure his grandfather is provided for when he dies. His memory of his daughter's suffering and early death gives him a fear of poverty. Gambling becomes an addiction for Nell's grandfather, which results in his financial and physical ruin. Nell and her grandfather flee from their home and begin a journey that has no destination. For Nell, all she wants is a peaceful existence with enough to live on.

They come across many interesting people on their travels and often meet with the kindness of strangers. Yet, in a colorful world, they also face the reality of the Industrial Revolution. From simple villages and fields of flowers, they go into a dirty city full of mass unemployment and plague victims --- where children die of starvation and many are abandoned.

The story isn't only about Nell and her grandfather, but also the people who are connected to them directly or indirectly. There is Richard Swiveller, a careless young man who is a friend of Nell's older brother, who wants Swiveller to marry Nell for the fortune he thinks she has. Daniel Quilp is a cruel moneylender, who manages to fool the grandfather into borrowing large sums of money from him. There is honest Kit, a boy employed at the shop, who becomes a victim even though he never harms other people. Kit desires to help Nell, whom he considers an angel that has always inspired the best in him. The mysterious Bevis Marks, who is a generous customer to some people and an enemy to others, also has his own reasons for looking after Nell and her grandfather.

Unlike Dickens' other works, The Old Curiosity Shop is a book of contrasts: the purity of Nell compared to the dishonesty of Quilp, fresh air and scenic villages to the polluted, stone-covered city, etc. Even people's reaction to the book presented a cruel contrast. At first, Nell Trent was praised and considered Dickens' best character. Later, she was criticized by many well-known people like Oscar Wilde. While characters in Dickens' other books are moving towards a better future, Nell and her grandfather are fleeing for their life and their story is moving towards a sad ending. 1. Who owns a shop?
2. whose?
3. Did they meet many people?
4. What is the time period?
5. Is the story only about them?
6. Who else is it about?
7. Only close relatives?
8. Like whom?
9. Who was he?
10. What he wanted?
11. Who is the author?
12. What is the name of this novel?
13. Do some people disagree with the concept?
14. Did any famous author disagree?
15. Like who?
16. Is this novel different from author's other books?
17. Did the main characters stay home?
18. Where did they go?
19. Is there any mysterious character?
20. Who?
21. Was he good with the main characters?
numbered_answers:
1. grandfather
2. Nell Trent
3. yes
4. Industrial Revolution
5. no
6. people who connected to them
7. indirectly
8. Richard Swiveller
9. a friend of Nell's older brother
10. marry Nell
11. Dickens
12. The Old Curiosity Shop
13. presented a cruel contrast
14. yes
15. Oscar Wilde
16. yes
17. no
18. no definite destination.
19. yes
20. Bevis Marks
21. yes