Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Example Input: To examine the direct effect of high glucose levels on primary cultured human retinal capillary endothelial cells (HRCEC).', 'HRCECs were isolated from donated eyes and cultured for 6 days in the media containing 5 or 25 mmol/L glucose. The cell viability was determined by trypan blue exclusion assay and cell cycle analyzed by flow cytometry, with the cell apoptosis assayed by TUNEL method.', 'The cell viability was significantly decreased after exposure to 25 mmol/L glucose, and the number of apoptotic cells determined by flow cytometry and TUNEL was significantly increased in response to high-dose glucose treatment.
Example Output: Does [ High-dose glucose induce human retinal endothelial cell apoptosis ]?

Example Input: Ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion (DCISM) is a rare diagnosis with a good prognosis. Although nodal metastases are uncommon, sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) remains standard care. Volume of disease in invasive breast cancer is associated with SLNB positivity, and, thus we hypothesized that in a large cohort of patients with DCISM, multiple foci of microinvasion might be associated with a higher risk of positive SLNB.', 'Records from a prospective institutional database were reviewed to identify patients with DCISM who underwent SLNB between June 1997 and December 2010. Pathology reports were reviewed for number of microinvasive foci and categorized as 1 focus or 2 foci. Demographic, pathologic, treatment, and outcome data were obtained and analyzed.', 'Of 414 patients, 235 (57 %) had 1 focus of microinvasion and 179 (43 %) had 2 foci. SLNB macrometastases were found in 1.4 %, and micrometastases were found in 6.3 %; neither were significantly different between patients with 1 focus versus 2 foci (p = 1.0). Patients with positive SLNB or 2 foci of microinvasion were more likely to receive chemotherapy. At median 4.9 years (range 0-16.2 years) follow-up, 18 patients, all in the SLNB negative group, had recurred for an overall 5-year recurrence-free proportion of 95.9 %.
Example Output: Is extent of microinvasion in ductal carcinoma in situ associated with sentinel lymph node metastases?

Example Input: Prostasin is downregulated in hormone-refractory prostate cancers (HRPC). The mechanisms by which androgens regulate prostasin expression are unclear.', 'LNCaP cells were treated with dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and mRNA expression of prostasin, SREBPs, SNAIL, and SLUG was examined by real-time PCR following reverse transcription. A human prostasin promoter was evaluated in HEK-293 cells co-transfected with transcription factor cDNAs. Regulation of endogenous prostasin expression by transfected SREBP-2 or SLUG was evaluated. Expression of SNAIL and SLUG mRNA in DU-145 cells treated with epidermal growth factor (EGF) was examined.', "Prostasin mRNA expression in LNCaP cells was not responsive to DHT treatment. DHT marginally upregulated mRNA expression of SREBP-1c, SREBP-2, and SNAIL, but not SREBP-1a, while dramatically increased SLUG mRNA expression, in a dose-dependent manner. Co-transfection of prostasin promoter and SREBP cDNA in HEK-293 cells resulted in stimulation of promoter activity at approximately twofold by SREBP-1c, and up to sixfold by SREBP-2; while co-transfection with SNAIL or SLUG cDNA resulted in repression of promoter activity to 43% or 59%, respectively. Co-transfection of the SLUG cDNA negated SREBP-2's stimulation of prostasin promoter in a dose-dependent manner. Transfection of an SREBP-2 cDNA in HEK-293 and DU-145 resulted in upregulation of prostasin while transfection of a SLUG cDNA in LNCaP repressed prostasin expression. EGF upregulated SNAIL and SLUG mRNA in DU-145.
Example Output:
Is androgen regulation of prostasin gene expression mediated by sterol-regulatory element-binding proteins and SLUG?