Problem: Write an article based on this summary: Know the different of categories of copper. Recognize copper solids. Identify copper non solids. Sort scrap copper wire. Disassemble scrap breakage. Sell the copper alloys.

Answer: Scrap copper can fall into one of six different categories. The different categories each have different values. If you sort the copper yourself, you can be sure that the scrap yard purchasing it is giving you the appropriate price. Otherwise, they are likely to lump all of your copper into one pile and give you the lowest overall price. Copper solids are the the most valuable. Copper solids are further categorized into three grades, depending on how pure they are. Copper non solids include dust and trimmings. Copper wire is generally found in electronics. Copper breakage is copper that has been recovered from items like motors and transformers. Copper alloy is copper mixed with other metals. This includes brass and bronze. Copper solids are the most valuable kinds of copper to sell. They consist of pure, unalloyed copper. Unalloyed means that the copper is not mixed with any other kind of metal. The purity of copper determines its value because any added alloys interfere with the conductive properties of the copper. Copper solids fall into one of three categories. Scrap copper number one is clean copper that is not less than 1/16-inch thick. Bare bright copper wire falls into this category. Bare bright copper wire can be distinguished from the less-valuable tin-coated copper wire by its reddish color all the way through. Some copper tubing can also fall into this category. The tubing must be free of solder, corrosion, paint and brass fitting to be considered number one copper. Scrap copper number two is defined as unalloyed copper that is at least 96 percent pure. Copper tubing that falls into this category includes burnt copper and copper with light tin coating, solder or brass fittings still attached Scrap copper number three is light copper. Light copper solids are any copper sheeting that is less than 1/16-inch thick. Roofing copper generally falls into this category. It is found on roofs and gutters, and it may have tar or nails still attached. This category includes dust, chips and turnings. It is generally not very valuable, and can fetch as low as 25 percent of the spot price of copper. If you have access to this type of copper, save it up until you get at least 10 pounds or more and then melt it down into nuggets before trying to sell it. To melt copper dust, turnings or scraps, you will need materials specifically made for melting and casting metals. The melting point of copper is 1,981 degrees Fahrenheit, so you need a kiln or furnace that can withstand that kind of heat. A potter's kiln can get hot enough to melt copper, but the oxidation process required to maintain that kind of heat will burn away a lot of the copper. Also, it will heavily contaminate the kiln. Look for bronze foundry casting tools and an electric or propane furnace made specifically for melting copper and other non-ferrous metals. Artists often melt brass and copper for sculpture, and many have posted detailed tutorials for building a homemade furnace. Visit the Foundry Handbook for an example of a detailed tutorial for a DIY furnace using an oxy-acetylene torch for welding and a disposable helium tank or empty freon tank. Be aware, however, that the cost of powering the furnace with propane or electric will eat up about half the value of the copper. Therefore, it might not be worth investing in this process unless you have a steady, reliable source of a great deal of copper non-solids. Exercise caution when melting metal. For your safety, have safety gear such as protection goggles or face shield, dark welding goggles, oven gloves, a large flat iron pan to put the mold on, and running cold water. While copper wire can technically be segregated into five grades, most scrap yards classify all wire as either high grade or low grade copper wire. High grade wire has a single layer of insulation, and low grade has a double layer. The five grades of copper wire range from 85 percent to 10 percent. 85% wire is a thin wire with a diameter close to that of a pencil. 70% wire can generally be found inside electronics or appliances. An example is Romex machine wire without any attachments. 50% wire is found in extension cords and appliance cords. 35% wire is thinly gauged wire with many attachments. This wire is generally used for communications in VGA cables or telephone wires. 10% wire can be found in Christmas lights. Copper breakage is anything with copper winding. Transformers, motors, alternators and magnetrons are all examples of copper breakage. Disassemble parts to separate the copper from the steel in order to get the best price for the copper. Otherwise the scrap yard will lump the less valuable steel and copper together and you won't get as much. Common copper alloys are brass and bronze. Technically, bronze is an alloy of copper and tin, and brass is an alloy of copper and zinc. But scrap yards lump them together and sell them at the same price. They refer to them both scrap copper alloys.

Problem: Write an article based on this summary: Massage your forehead. Massage near your nose. Massage your cheekbones to relieve congestion and pain. Do a nasal sinus massage.

Answer: Rub a quarter-sized amount of castor, almond, or baby oil between your fingers to warm them. Place both of your index fingers in the center of your forehead, between the brows. Massage your forehead in a circular motion, moving from the center out towards the temples. Repeat this 10 times using constant and firm pressure. The oil helps to lessen the friction caused by your fingertips rubbing against your face. Scented oils can be soothing and relaxing as well. Massaging the sinuses and the tissues surrounding the sinuses can help relieve pressure and help drain mucus-filled sinuses. Place your thumbs on the bridge of your nose, just next to the inner corner of your eyes. Apply constant, firm pressure to the area for one minute, then move your fingers in a circular motion for an extra two minutes. Keep your eyes closed. If you are using an oil, make sure you don't get oil into your eyes. Oil isn't harmful but it could make your vision temporarily blurry. For some, using the index finger may be more comfortable. Using the thumbs is recommended because they tend to be somewhat stronger than other fingers. Rub about a quarter-sized amount of castor, almond, or baby oil between your fingers. Place your thumbs (or, if you prefer, the index and middle finger) on both sides of your cheeks, next to your nose. Apply constant, firm pressure on the area for one minute, then move your fingers in a circular motion for an additional two minutes. Keep your eyes closed. You can also start by massaging the outer part of your cheekbone, near your ears. Massage in a circular motion and move your fingers along the cheekbone towards your nose. Repeat this 10 times. If you are using an oil, make sure you don't get oil into your eyes. Oil can temporarily blur your vision if it gets in your eyes. Rub a bit of oil between your fingers until they warm up. Use your index finger to stroke along the sides of your nose, moving them downward. Repeat this 10 times. Then, place your fingers on the bridge of your nose and apply constant and firm pressure. Massage in a circular motion, repeating this action 10 times. Massaging your nose in a downward motion can promote drainage. You can add essential oils based on what you need. For example, antibacterial essential oils can be used if you have a bacterial sinus infection while essential oils that help loosen and break up the mucus in the sinuses can relieve the pressure by increasing drainage.

Problem: Write an article based on this summary: Identify the types of sources you'll likely need. Use topical keywords to find your initial sources. Evaluate potential sources using the CRAAP method. Mine reference lists to find additional sources you can use. Take notes about each resource you find.

Answer:
The types of sources you'll use for your research depend on your grade level or education level. Generally, you can use short journal articles or webpages for a shorter paper. For a longer paper, you'll likely need to look at books and longer scholarly articles. While the requirements differ based on your assignment and the topic you're researching, you may find these guidelines helpful: 1- to 2-page paper: 2 to 3 webpages or short journal articles 3- to 5-page paper: 4 to 8 journal or scholarly articles, webpages, or books 5- to 10-page paper: 6 to 15 journal or scholarly articles, webpages, or books 10- to 15-page paper: 12 to 20 journal or scholarly articles, webpages, or books The success of your research depends on searching the right keywords, especially in its initial stages. Brainstorm a list of keywords, including synonyms. For example, if you're researching the prevalence of vaping among teenagers, you might also include "adolescents" and "youth" as synonyms for teenagers, along with "tobacco use" or "e-cigarettes" as synonyms for vaping. Take advantage of academic databases available online through your school in addition to the internet. The letters stand for Currency, Reliability, Authority, Accuracy, and Purpose/Point of view. This method provides you an easy way to quickly and uniformly evaluate the quality of potential sources you find by asking specific questions about the source: Currency: How recent is the information? When was the source last updated? Reliability: Are there references for facts and data? Is the content mostly opinion? Authority: Who is the creator of the content? Who is the publisher? Are they biased in any way? Does the creator have academic credentials in the field? Accuracy: Has the content been peer-reviewed or edited by a third party? Is information supported by evidence? Can you easily verify facts in another source? Purpose/Point of view: Is the content intended to teach you something or to sell you something? Is the information presented biased? When you find a good source for your topic, chances are that source cites other valuable sources that you can look up. The biggest benefit of this is that you don't have to do as much work evaluating the quality of these sources the author of the source that cited them has already done that for you. If an author mentions a particular source more than once, you definitely want to read that material. The reference list typically contains enough information for you to find the source on your own. If you find that you can't access the source, for example, because it's behind a paywall, talk to your school or a public librarian about it. They may be able to get you access. Using a set of index cards enables you to place each note on a separate card, which will make it easier for you to organize your notes later. There are also computer apps, such as Evernote, Microsoft OneNote, or Scrivener, that will allow you to do this digitally. Some of these apps are free, while others require you to purchase a subscription. List the citation information for the source at the top of the card, then take notes in your own words. Include the page numbers (if applicable) that you would use in your citation. If you copy something directly from the source, put quote marks around those words and write the page number (if applicable) where that quote appears. You may also want to distinguish quotes even further, for example, by having quotes in a different color text than your own words. This will help protect you against accidental plagiarism.