Answer the following question given this paragraph: Albedo is the amount of light reflected by a surface. Sea ice has an albedo of .85, meaning 85% of light is reflected back from its surface (and leaves the Earth) and 15% is absorbed and stays in the Earth; ice-free water has an albedo of .07. (93% of the solar energy is absorbed. ) Thus the observed melting of sea ice could amplify the effect of global warming. Q: What is the scientific term for the amount of light reflected by a surface? A:
OPTIONS:
- prism
- inversion
- reactivity
- albedo

Answer: albedo

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: In the nematic phase, only the long axes of the molecules are parallel, and the ends are staggered at random intervals. In the smectic phase, the long axes of the molecules are parallel, and the molecules are also arranged in planes. Finally, in thecholesteric phase, the molecules are arranged in layers; each layer is rotated with respect to the ones above and below it to give a spiral structure. The molecular order increases from the nematic phase to the smectic phase to the cholesteric phase, and the phases become increasingly opaque. Molecules that form liquid crystals tend to be rigid molecules with polar groups that exhibit relatively strong dipoledipole or dipoleinduced dipole interactions, hydrogen bonds, or some combination of both. Some examples of substances that form liquid crystals are listed in Figure 11.27 "Structures of Typical Molecules That Form Liquid Crystals*" along with their characteristic phase transition temperature ranges. In most cases, the intermolecular interactions are due to the presence of polar or polarizable groups. Aromatic rings and multiple bonds between carbon and nitrogen or oxygen are especially common. Moreover, many liquid crystals are composed of molecules with two similar halves connected by a unit having a multiple bond. Figure 11.27 Structures of Typical Molecules That Form Liquid Crystals*. Q: In the nematic phase, only the long axes of the molecules are parallel, and the ends are staggered at random intervals. in the smectic phase, the long axes of the molecules are parallel, and the molecules are also arranged in planes. finally, in thecholesteric phase, the molecules are arranged in layers; each layer is rotated with respect to the ones above and below it to give it this? A:
OPTIONS:
- layer structure
- kinetic energy
- symmetry
- spiral structure
Answer: spiral structure

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Linnaeus classified organisms based on obvious physical traits. Basically, organisms were grouped together if they looked alike. After Darwin published his theory of evolution in the 1800s (discussed in the following chapter), scientists looked for a way to classify organisms that showed phylogeny. Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of a group of related organisms. It is represented by a phylogenetic tree , like the one in Figure below . Q: Which scientist was responsible for the theory of evolution by natural selection? A:
OPTIONS:
- stephen hawking
- galileo Galilei
- albert einstein
- charles darwin
output: charles darwin

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Each silicon atom has four valence electrons it shares with other silicon atoms in a crystal. A semiconductor is formed by replacing a few silicon atoms with other atoms that have more or less valence electrons than silicon. Q: Each silicon atom shares how many valence electrons with other silicon atoms in a crystal? A:

OPTIONS:
- five
- ten
- three
- four

A: four

input: OPTIONS:
- harmonic energy
- residual energy
- systematic energy
- kinetic energy Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Given the mass and speed of an object, calculate its kinetic energy. Q: What can be calculated given the mass and speed of an object? A:
A:
output: kinetic energy

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Resemblance to other species can serve as protection to what category of species? A:
OPTIONS:
- producer
- predator
- consumer
- prey
Answer:
prey