question: Bacteria (i/bktri/; singular: bacterium) constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a number of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals. Bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats. Bacteria inhabit soil, water, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, and the deep portions of Earth's crust. Bacteria also live in symbiotic and parasitic relationships with plants and animals. They are also known to have flourished in manned spacecraft.

There are typically 40 million bacterial cells in a gram of soil and a million bacterial cells in a millilitre of fresh water. There are approximately 51030 bacteria on Earth, forming a biomass which exceeds that of all plants and animals. Bacteria are vital in recycling nutrients, with many of the stages in nutrient cycles dependent on these organisms, such as the fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere and putrefaction. In the biological communities surrounding hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, bacteria provide the nutrients needed to sustain life by converting dissolved compounds, such as hydrogen sulphide and methane, to energy. On 17 March 2013, researchers reported data that suggested bacterial life forms thrive in the Mariana Trench, which with a depth of up to 11 kilometres is the deepest part of the Earth's oceans. Other researchers reported related studies that microbes thrive inside rocks up to 580 metres below the sea floor under 2.6 kilometres of ocean off the coast of the northwestern United States. According to one of the researchers, "You can find microbes everywhere they're extremely adaptable to conditions, and survive wherever they are."
1. What is the singular tense of bacteria?
2. What does it constitute?
3. How many cells are in a gram of soil?
4. and in a millitre of fresh water?
5. Do they have different shapes?
6. what kind?
7. Can you find it most places?
8. like what?
9. anywhere else?
10. anywhere else?
11. HAve they been around a while?
12. What happened in 2013?
13. what was the depth?
14. Is that a shallow part?
15. what is it?
16. Where else can they thrive?
17. where are they?
18. What are bacteria vital in?
19. What is dependent on bacteria?
20. such as?
****
answer: 1. bacterium
2. a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms
3. 40 million
4. a million
5. yes
6. spheres to rods and spirals
7. yes
8. soil, water, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, and the deep portions of Earth's crust.
9. symbiotic and parasitic relationships with plants and animals.
10. in manned spacecraft.
11. among the first life forms to appear on Earth
12.
esearchers reported data that suggested bacterial life forms thrive in the Mariana Trench
13. up to 11 kilometres
14. no
15. the deepest part of the Earth's oceans.
16. inside rocks
17. 580 metres below the sea floor under 2.6 kilometres of ocean
18. recycling nutrients,
19. stages in nutrient cycles
20. the fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere and putrefaction

question: It has been more than twenty years since pioneering British computer programmer, Sir Tim Berners Lee, created the World Wide Web. But could he have ever imagined how much the web would change our lives? And would he approve of how some British students are taking advantage of his invention?

Universities and exam boards around the UK are becoming increasingly concerned with the rising number of cases of _ , many of which are facilitated by the Internet access.

In the UK most school and university students complete coursework throughout the academic year which contributes toward their final mark. In many cases coursework makes up the main part of the qualification. Since coursework is completed in the students' own time it cannot be monitored by teachers in the same way as an exam.

Derec Stockley, director of examinations in the UK, explains, "Plagiarism affects coursework more than anything else, and in the cases that come to our attention, more and more are linked to the Internet."

At a university level recent reports suggest that plagiarism has evolved from separate cases of individual cheating to systematic and even commercial operation. Students can now pay for bespoke essays to be written for them by experts.

It is estimated that the market in online plagiarism is now worth 200 million pounds a year. Every month more and more websites offering to write student's essays for them appear on the Internet.

Barclay Littlewood, owner of Degree Essays UK employs 3,500 specialist writers and charges between 120 pounds and 4,000 pounds per essay. However, Mr. Littlewood refutes the accusation that he is helping students to cheat.
1. What are university students using the World Wide Web for?
2. Do teachers watch students as they perform coursework?
3. Why not?
4. When do student do coursework?
5. Are most incidents of plagiarism linked to library research?
6. Does plagiarism only affect work that students write?
7. Who else is involved?
8. What's an example of people that do this?
9. What's an example of an organisation that helps students cheat?
10. How much does it cost to hire them?
****
answer: 1. plagiarism
2. no
3. coursework is completed in the students' own time
4. throughout the academic year
5. no
6. no
7. coursework publishers
8. UK university students
9. Degree Essays UK
10. between 120 pounds and 4,000 pounds per essay

question: Going green is something that affects every single one of us. Whether by recycling those plastic water bottles, or by cutting down on electricity in your home, the importance of going green on a personal level is extremely important. But, when you're a millionaire NBA basketball star, how do you help out the environment? Yao Ming is a basketball player that plays for the Houston Rockets and has spoken out against hunting of sharks for fins, a delicious food in his native China. He is also the United Nations' Environmental champion. His goal is to raise awareness of climate change and energy-saving. "I will work with young people across the world and try to inspire them to plant trees, harvest rainwater and to become environmental champions in their own communities." The Philadelphia Eagles, a professional American football team, are really doing their part to give back to the community. The Eagles Go Green page has a "Green Energy Calculator" and according to the web site fans have saved $ 73,674.90 a year and saved 666,320 pounds of CO per year. Also, the Eagles have set up a "Stop global warming virtual march on Washington", a march across America for one year, through the Internet with a goal to bring fans together and to urge leaders to deal with the serious problem of global warming now. Bob Burnquist, a Brazilian skateboarder, is a member of Action Sports Environmental Coalition and founder of a program that gets organic foods and farming into schools for healthy lunch programs. Bob also has a huge homegrown organic farm where he hosted a gathering in celebration of Earth Day. Kelly Slater is a surfer and eight-time champion, but he also supports saving the coral reefs world wide. He has founded the Kelly Slater Invitational Competition which raises funds and awareness for Reef Check, which is able to get its message out to a large group of guests including professional surfers, film and music stars, and other famous people.
1. What is Yao Ming's job?
2. Who does he play for?
3. Is he rich?
4. How rich?
5. What does he want youngsters to do?
6. What animal has he advocated for?
7. What were people doing to them?
8. For what?
9. Where is he from?
10. Do they eat sharks there?
11. What is Kelly Slater's profession?
12. What is the name of his competition?
13. What does this collect money for?
14. What is he concerned about?
15. Has he ever won a championship?
16. How many times?
17. What does the Philadelphia Eagles offer on their Go Green page?
18. How much CO have people saved becaused of it?
19. Who is Bob Burnquist?
20. What is he a member of?
****
answer:
1. Basketball player
2. The Houston Rockets
3. Yes
4. He's a millionaire
5. Become environmental champions in their own communities
6. Sharks
7. Hunting them
8. Fins
9. China
10. Yes
11. Surfer
12. The Kelly Slater Invitational Competition
13. Reef Check
14. Coral reefs
15. Yes
16. Eight
17. A Green Energy Calculator
18. 666,320 pounds per year
19. A skateboarder
20. Action Sports Environmental Coalition