Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype. It is a key mechanism of evolution, the change in heritable traits of a population over time. Charles Darwin popularised the term "natural selection", and compared it with artificial selection.

Variation exists within all populations of organisms. This occurs partly because random mutations arise in the genome of an individual organism, and offspring can inherit such mutations. Throughout the lives of the individuals, their genomes interact with their environments to cause variations in traits. The environment of a genome includes the molecular biology in the cell, other cells, other individuals, populations, species, as well as the abiotic environment. Individuals with certain variants of the trait may survive and reproduce more than individuals with other, less successful, variants; therefore, the population evolves. Factors that affect reproductive success are also important, including sexual selection (now often included in natural selection) and fecundity selection.

Natural selection acts on the phenotype, or the observable characteristics of an organism, but the genetic (heritable) basis of any phenotype that gives a reproductive advantage may become more common in a population. Over time, this process can result in populations that specialise for particular ecological niches (microevolution) and may eventually result in speciation (the emergence of new species, macroevolution). In other words, natural selection is a key process in the evolution of a population. Natural selection can be contrasted with artificial selection, in which humans intentionally choose specific traits, whereas in natural selection there is no intentional choice.

1. What is key to evolution?
2. What is natural selection?
3. Who made that wording popular?
4. What did he compare it to?
5. Is variation common in organisms?
6. Why does this happen?
7. What happens to the offspring?
8. Do genomes interact often?
9. What type of biology is involved?
10. Do cells play a factor?
11. In what type of environments?
12. Is reproductive success or failure important, which?
13. Is selection important too?

Numbered answers:

A: 1. Natural selection
2. differential survival due to differences in phenotype
3. Charles Darwin
4. artificial selection
5. yes
6. because random mutations arise
7. they can inherit mutations.
8. yes
9. molecular biology
10. yes
11. in biotic as well as the abiotic environment
12. reproductive success is important
13. yes

Question: In Canada, the term "football" may refer to Canadian football and American football collectively, or to either sport specifically, depending on context. The two sports have shared origins and are closely related but have significant differences. In particular, Canadian football has 12 players on the field per team rather than 11; the field is roughly 10 yards wider, and 10 yards longer between end-zones that are themselves 10 yards deeper; and a team has only three downs to gain 10 yards, which results in less offensive rushing than in the American game. In the Canadian game all players on the defending team, when a down begins, must be at least 1 yard from the line of scrimmage. (The American game has a similar "neutral zone" but it is only the length of the football.)

Canadian football is also played at the high school, junior, collegiate, and semi-professional levels: the Canadian Junior Football League, formed May 8, 1974, and Quebec Junior Football League are leagues for players aged 1822, many post-secondary institutions compete in Canadian Interuniversity Sport for the Vanier Cup, and senior leagues such as the Alberta Football League have grown in popularity in recent years. Great achievements in Canadian football are enshrined in the Canadian Football Hall of Fame. 1. Whats the differences in the number of player?
2. WHos field is longer?
3. By how much?
4. What levers is it played at?
5. How far from scrimmage must a down occur?
6. What 2 sports are similar but different?
7. How many downs are needed to gain yards?
8. Which team has most offensive rushing?
9. Where are great players inducted?
10. When was the Junior League formed?
11. For what age group?
12. What were a competition partaken in? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers: 1. Canada has 12 vs 11
2. Canada
3. 10 yards longer
4. high school, junior, collegiate, and semi-professional levels
5. 1 yard
6. American and Canada Football
7. only three downs
8. hich results in less offensive rushing than in the American game.
9. Canadian Football Hall of Fame.
10. May 8, 1974
11. 1822
12. the Vanier Cup

Q: A little boy named Justin lived on a farm. His father James owned the farm. His uncles Jerry, Todd, and Billy also worked on the farm.

The farm had chickens, cows, horses, sheep, and pigs. He loved to play with all of the animals on the farm, but the horses were his favorite. He would spend all day riding the horses. He loved when baby horses were born. They were born in the spring. When a baby horse was born, Justin's father would bring the baby out of the barn for Justin to pet.

Justin also loved playing in the fields on the farm. He would run through the meadows trying to catch butterflies. He also loved to stay up late and catch fireflies in the dark.

Justin also loved going fishing in the summer. On one Tuesday evening, he went to the farm's pond and caught a huge catfish. The fish was so large that it almost broke his fishing pole. Justin brought the fish in.

The fish looked at Justin with sad eyes. Looking at the fish, Justin felt bad that he had caught it. He threw the catfish back into the pond. He packed away his fishing pole and went back home. He told his father about the catfish and how he let it go.

His father said, "I am proud of you for doing that, son."

1. chickens, cows, horses, sheep, and pigs
2. Jerry, Todd, and Billy
3. horses
4. caught a huge catfish.
5. almost broke his fishing pole.
6. try to catch butterflies
7. catch fireflies
8. with sad eyes
9. He threw the catfish back into the pond
10. He packed away his fishing pole and went back home
11. bring the baby out of the barn for Justin to pet.
12. Justin's father James
13. in the spring
14. I am proud of you for doing that, son
15. Tuesday

Numbered questions:
1. How many kinds of animals did they have on the farm?
2. What were Justin's uncles names?
3. What was Justin's favorite animals
4. what did he do at the pond?
5. did anything happen to his fishing pole?
6. What did Justin do in the fields?
7. What did Justin do after dark?
8. How did the fish look at Justin?
9. What did he do with the fish?
10. What did he do after returning the fish?
11. What would Justin's father do after a horse was born?
12. Who owned the farm?
13. When are baby horses born?
14. What did justin's father say when he got home from fishing?
15. On what day did Justin go fishing?