input: OPTIONS:
- form encoding
- space encoding
- variation encoding
- gene encoding Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The unique sequence for every protein is ultimately determined by the gene encoding the protein. A change in nucleotide sequence of the gene's coding region may lead to a different amino acid being added to the growing polypeptide chain, causing a change in protein structure and function. In sickle cell anemia, the hemoglobin chain (a small portion of which is shown in Figure 3.26) has a single amino acid substitution, causing a change in protein structure and function. Specifically, the amino acid glutamic acid is substituted by valine in the chain. What is most remarkable to consider is that a hemoglobin molecule is made up of two alpha chains and two beta chains that each consist of about 150 amino acids. The molecule, therefore, has about 600 amino acids. The structural difference between a normal hemoglobin molecule and a sickle cell moleculewhich dramatically decreases life expectancyis a single amino acid of the 600. What is even more remarkable is that those 600 amino acids are encoded by three nucleotides each, and the mutation is caused by a single base change (point mutation), 1 in 1800 bases. Q: What determines the unique sequence for every protein? A:
A:
output: gene encoding

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Transcription takes place in three steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. The steps are illustrated in Figure below . Q: Initiation, elongation, and termination are the three steps of what? A:

OPTIONS:
- mutation
- respiration
- differentiation
- transcription

Answer: transcription

Problem: OPTIONS:
- centrifugal
- supramolecular
- gravitational
- intermolecular
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The boiling points of liquid also correlate to the strength of the intermolecular forces. Recall that diethyl ether has weak dispersion forces, which meant that the liquid has a high vapor pressure. The weak forces also mean that it does not require a large an input of energy to make diethyl ether boil and so it has a relatively low normal boiling point of 34.6C. Water, with its much stronger hydrogen bonding, has a low vapor pressure and a higher normal boiling point of 100C. Q: The boiling points of liquid also correlate to the strength of which forces? A:
Answer: intermolecular

Problem:OPTIONS:
- groundwater
- steam
- glacier
- geyser

Answer the following question given this paragraph: If hot water becomes trapped, pressure may build up. When the water breaks free, it creates a geyser. Q: If hot water becomes trapped, pressure may build up. when the water breaks free, it creates what? A:
****
A: geyser

Answer the following question given this paragraph: high proportion of amino acids in the protein have nonpolar side chains. The term hydrophobic interaction is often misused as a synonym for dispersion forces. Hydrophobic interactions arise because water molecules engage in hydrogen bonding with other water molecules (or groups in proteins capable of hydrogen bonding). Saylor URL: http://www. saylor. org/books. Q: Hydrophobic interactions arise because water molecules engage in what type of bonding with other water molecules? A:
OPTIONS:
- aquatic bonding
- oxygen bonding
- helium bonding
- hydrogen bonding
hydrogen bonding

Answer the following question given this paragraph: When electrons return to a lower energy level, they emit energy in the form of light. Q: When electrons return to a lower energy level, they emit the excess energy in the form of what? A:
OPTIONS:
- weight
- electricity
- energy
- light

Answer:
light