In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

Q: This entity shares its name with one controlled by the astronomer and investigator of mesmerism, Jean Sylvain Bailly. It saw the execution of General Lecomte, and Marshall MacMahon led a campaign against it that culminated with a mass execution at the Wall of the Federalists. Its aftermath saw a mass deportation to New Caledonia, and it was opposed by Adolphe Thiers. Louis-Auguste Blanqui was its nominal leader despite being imprisoned at the time, and it ended in the "Bloody Week" amidst fierce barricade fighting. Growing out of the Franco-Prussian War, for 10 points, name this socialist government that held power for two months in 1871 in the French capital.

A: History
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Q: This ruler attacked the custom of smoking in his essay ""A Counterblast to Tobacco,"" and he wrote about witchcraft in his book on demonology. Anthony Weldon dubbed this king ""the wisest fool in all of Christendom. "" This ruler angered Parliament by playing favorites, such as by making George Villiers the Duke of Buckingham. During this man's reign, Guy Fawkes attempted to destroy parliament in the Gunpowder plot. For 10 points, name this son of Mary, Queen of Scots, the successor to Elizabeth I and first Stuart monarch.

A: History
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Q: term in the Scatchard-Hildebrand equation squares the difference between two of this property's namesake parameters, and a differential form of this quantity is measured by calculating a partition coefficient. The natural logarithm of this quantity is equivalent to entropy of fusion divided by the gas constant times quantity one minus freezing point over temperature in an expression of its "ideal law". Two salts can influence this property of each other via the common ion effect, and this property of a gas increases with pressure according to Henry's Law. For 10 points, name this property, the extent to which a substance forms a solute under a given set of conditions.

A:
Science
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