Please answer the following question: Information: - A crankshaftrelated to "crank"is a mechanical part able to perform a conversion between reciprocating motion and rotational motion. In a reciprocating engine, it translates reciprocating motion of the piston into rotational motion; whereas in a reciprocating compressor, it converts the rotational motion into reciprocating motion. In order to do the conversion between two motions, the crankshaft has "crank throws" or "crankpins", additional bearing surfaces whose axis is offset from that of the crank, to which the "big ends" of the connecting rods from each cylinder attach. - The Ducati 998 , a successor to the Ducati 996 and the final variation on the Ducati 916 , was produced in various models from 2002 to 2004 . The new Testastretta engine shared many similarities with the previous Desmoquattro engine in the 996 , although it was completely new from the crankshaft up . Testastretta means narrow head and refers to a complete redesign of the cylinder heads . The desmodromic valve actuation method was retained . The 996 had a bore and stroke of 98.0 mm 66.0 mm ( 3.86 in 2.60 in ) . The bore and stoke of the 998 was more oversquare at 100.0 mm 63.5 mm ( 3.94 in 2.50 in ) . The included valve angle was reduced from 40 degrees on the 996 to 25 degrees on the 998 . Valve sizes were increased , and the camshafts had slightly increased lift , but with shorter duration . Horsepower increased from 112 to 123 . The 998R and non US 998S models had different crankcases with a deep oil sump . The standard 998 had crankcases which were very similar to the previous Desmoquattro . The non US 998S as well as the 998R had revised cam profiles which provided more power than the standard 998 . The 998R model used a 104.0 mm 58.8 mm ( 4.09 in 2.31 in ) mm bore and stroke which actually displaced 999 cc , and was very similar to the engine used in the subsequent 999R model . In 2001 , Ducati introduced the 996R ( see Ducati 996 ) with the 998 cc Testastretta engine . This bike was the true introduction of the Testastretta engine and the 998 model . The engine was similar to the 2002 non US 998S . Only 500 were sold which was all that were needed to homologate the bike to race in the World Superbike Championship . This bike won the World Superbike Championship in 2001 with rider Troy Bayliss . Michael Rutter won the Macau Grand Prix in 2002 and 2003 . A 2001 Ducati 996 , in dark green , was featured in the 2003 movie The Matrix Reloaded . Ducati subsequently announced a limited edition of similar bikes for model year 2004 in a very dark green color , but as production of the 996 had since... - In a reciprocating engine, the crankpins, also known as crank journals are the journals of the big end bearings, at the ends of the connecting rods opposite to the pistons. - A sportbike, or sports bike, is a motorcycle optimized for speed, acceleration, braking, and cornering on paved roads, typically at the expense of comfort and fuel economy by comparison with other motorcycles. Soichiro Honda wrote in the owner's manual of the 1959 Honda CB92 Benly Super Sport that, "Primarily, essentials of the motorcycle consists in the speed and the thrill," while "Cycle World's" Kevin Cameron says more prosaically that, "A sportbike is a motorcycle whose enjoyment consists mainly from its ability to perform on all types of paved highway its cornering ability, its handling, its thrilling acceleration and braking power, even (dare I say it?) its speed." - A piston is a component of reciprocating engines, reciprocating pumps, gas compressors and pneumatic cylinders, among other similar mechanisms. It is the moving component that is contained by a cylinder and is made gas-tight by piston rings. In an engine, its purpose is to transfer force from expanding gas in the cylinder to the crankshaft via a piston rod and/or connecting rod. In a pump, the function is reversed and force is transferred from the crankshaft to the piston for the purpose of compressing or ejecting the fluid in the cylinder. In some engines, the piston also acts as a valve by covering and uncovering ports in the cylinder wall. The petrol enters inside the cylinder and the piston moves upwards and the spark plug produces spark and the petrol is set on fire and it produces an energy that pushes the piston downwards. - The Ducati 916 is a fully faired sport bike made by Ducati from 1994 to 1998. Featuring a fuel injected, 4-valve, desmo, liquid-cooled, 90 V-twin engine in atrellis frame with a single-sided swingarm and USD forks, the 916 has consistently been declared to be one of the most beautiful motorcycles ever produced. - Reciprocating motion, also called reciprocation, is a repetitive up-and-down or back-and-forth linear motion. It is found in a wide range of mechanisms, including reciprocating engines and pumps. The two opposite motions that comprise a single reciprocation cycle are called strokes. - A motorcycle (also called a motorbike, bike, or cycle) is a two- or three-wheeled motor vehicle. Motorcycle design varies greatly to suit a range of different purposes: long distance travel, commuting, cruising, sport including racing, and off-road riding. Motorcycling is riding a motorcycle and related social activity such as joining a motorcycle club and attending motorcycle rallies. - A swingarm, or "swinging arm" (UK), originally known as a swing fork or pivoted fork, is the main component of the rear suspension of most modern motorcycles and ATVs. It is used to hold the rear axle firmly, while pivoting vertically, to allow the suspension to absorb bumps in the road. - A reciprocating engine, also often known as a piston engine, is a heat engine (usually, although there are also pneumatic and hydraulic reciprocating engines) that uses one or more reciprocating pistons to convert pressure into a rotating motion. This article describes the common features of all types. The main types are: the internal combustion engine, used extensively in motor vehicles; the steam engine, the mainstay of the Industrial Revolution; and the niche application Stirling engine. Internal Combustion engines are further classified in two ways: either a spark-ignition (SI) engine, where the spark plug initiates the combustion; or a compression-ignition (CI) engine, where the air within the cylinder is compressed, thus heating it, so that the heated air ignites fuel that is injected then or earlier. - Ducati Motor Holding S.p.A. is an Italian company that designs and manufactures motorcycles. Headquartered in Bologna, Italy, Ducati is owned by German automotive manufacturer Audi through its Italian subsidiary Lamborghini, which is all owned by the Volkswagen Group. - The Ducati 996 is an Ducati sport bike motorcycle made from 1999 to 2002, based upon the earlier 916. - In a reciprocating piston engine, the connecting rod or conrod connects the piston to the crank or crankshaft. Together with the crank, they form a simple mechanism that converts reciprocating motion into rotating motion. After reading the paragraphs above, we are interested in knowing the entity with which 'ducati 998' exhibits the relationship of 'instance of'. Find the answer from the choices below. Choices: - activity - application - company - component - design - engine - fire - fluid - fork - handling - heat engine - industrial revolution - italy - liquid - motion - motorcycle - motorcycle club - order - part - pump - range - reciprocating engine - riding - road - set - single - sport - sport bike - steam engine - three - two - wall
A:
motorcycle