Answer the following question given this paragraph: 4.2 Epithelial Tissue In epithelial tissue, cells are closely packed with little or no extracellular matrix except for the basal lamina that separates the epithelium from underlying tissue. The main functions of epithelia are protection from the environment, coverage, secretion and excretion, absorption, and filtration. Cells are bound together by tight junctions that form an impermeable barrier. They can also be connected by gap junctions, which allow free exchange of soluble molecules between cells, and anchoring junctions, which attach cell to cell or cell to matrix. The different types of epithelial tissues are characterized by their cellular shapes and arrangements: squamous, cuboidal, or columnar epithelia. Single cell layers form simple epithelia, whereas stacked cells form stratified epithelia. Very few capillaries penetrate these tissues. Glands are secretory tissues and organs that are derived from epithelial tissues. Exocrine glands release their products through ducts. Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the interstitial fluid and blood stream. Glands are classified both according to the type of secretion and by their structure. Merocrine glands secrete products as they are synthesized. Apocrine glands release secretions by pinching off the apical portion of the cell, whereas holocrine gland cells store their secretions until they rupture and release their contents. In this case, the cell becomes part of the secretion. Q: The main functions of epithelia are protection from the environment, coverage, secretion and excretion, absorption, and this? Choices: - absorption - accumulation - diffusion - filtration A:
filtration
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Denitrifying bacteria turn nitrate back into gaseous nitrogen. Q: What causes nitrate to go back to its gaseous nitrogen state? Choices: - phytoflagellate bacteria - decomposers - enzymes - denitrifying bacteria A:
denitrifying bacteria
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: What are misfolded versions of normal brain proteins? Choices: - ribosomes - protons - humans - prions A:
A: prions
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Ray-finned fish include the majority of living fish species. including goldfish, tuna, salmon, perch, and cod. They have a bony endoskeleton and a swim bladder. Their thin fins consist of webs of skin over flexible bony rays, or spines. The fins lack muscle, so their movements are controlled by muscles in the body wall. You can compare their ray fins with the fleshy fins of lobe-finned fish in Figure below . Q: Goldfish, tuna, salmon, perch, and cod are examples of which group of fish? Choices: - spiny-lobed fish - cartilaginous fish - bony fish - ray-finned fish A:
Answer: ray-finned fish
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Jasmonates play a major role in defense responses to herbivory. Their levels increase when a plant is wounded by a predator, resulting in an increase in toxic secondary metabolites. They contribute to the production of volatile compounds that attract natural enemies of predators. For example, chewing of tomato plants by caterpillars leads to an increase in jasmonic acid levels, which in turn triggers the release of volatile compounds that attract predators of the pest. Oligosaccharins also play a role in plant defense against bacterial and fungal infections. They act locally at the site of injury, and can also be transported to other tissues. Strigolactones promote seed germination in some species and inhibit lateral apical development in the absence of auxins. Strigolactones also play a role in the establishment of mycorrhizae, a mutualistic association of plant roots and fungi. Brassinosteroids are important to many developmental and physiological processes. Signals between these compounds and other hormones, notably auxin and GAs, amplifies their physiological effect. Apical dominance, seed germination, gravitropism, and resistance to freezing are all positively influenced by hormones. Root growth and fruit dropping are inhibited by steroids. Q: Apical dominance, seed germination, gravitropism, and resistance to freezing are all positively influenced by what type of chemicals in plants? Choices: - pesticides - enzymes - photosynthesis - hormones A:
**Answer**
hormones
(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Like bacteria, reproduction in archaea is asexual. Archaea can reproduce through binary fission , where a parent cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells. Archaea can also reproduce asexually through budding and fragmentation, where pieces of the cell break off and form a new cell, also producing genetically identical organisms. Q: Pieces of the cell break off and form a new cell in what type of reproduction that produces genetically identical organisms? Choices: - Meiosis - Mitosis - Fusion - fragmentation A:
(A).
fragmentation