In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.

Q: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Improving Physician Access in
Teaching Hospitals (PATH) Act of 2011''.

SEC. 2. DISTRIBUTION OF ADDITIONAL RESIDENCY SLOTS.

Section 1886(h) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395ww(h)) is
amended--
(1) in paragraph (7)(E), by inserting ''paragraph (9),''
after ''paragraph (8),''; and
(2) by adding at the end the following:
''(9) Distribution of additional residency positions.--
''(A) Reductions in limit based on unused
positions.--
''(i) In general.--Except as provided in
clause (ii), if a hospital's resident level (as
defined in paragraph (7)(C)(i)) for each of the
5 most recent cost reporting periods (ending
before the date of the enactment of this
paragraph) of the hospital for which a cost
report has been settled (or, if not, submitted
subject to audit) as determined by the
Secretary is less than the otherwise applicable
resident limit (as defined in paragraph
(8)(H)(iii)), effective for portions of cost
reporting periods occurring on or after the
paragraph (9) effective date (as defined in
subparagraph (E)), the otherwise applicable
resident limit shall be reduced by the
difference between such otherwise applicable
resident limit and the highest such reference
resident level for any of such 5 cost reporting
periods.
''(ii) Exception.--Clause (i) shall not
apply to--
''(I) a hospital located in a rural
area with fewer than 250 beds; or
''(II) a hospital that has had in
effect a voluntary residency reduction
plan under paragraph (6) or pursuant to
section 402 of Public Law 90-248.
''(B) Requirements for additional residency
slots.--
''(i) In general.--The Secretary shall
increase the otherwise applicable resident
limit for hospitals that submit an application
under this subparagraph by such number as the
Secretary may approve for portions of cost
reporting periods occurring on or after the
paragraph (9) effective date. The aggregate
number of increases in the otherwise applicable
resident limit under this subparagraph shall be
equal to the sum of--
''(I) the aggregate reduction in
such limits attributable to
subparagraph (A) (as estimated by the
Secretary); and
''(II) 1,000 for portions of cost
reporting periods occurring during the
12-month period beginning on the
paragraph (9) effective date, 1,000
additional positions for portions of
cost reporting periods occurring during
the 12-month period beginning 1 year
after such effective date, 1,000
additional positions for portion of
cost reporting period occurring during
the 12-month period beginning 2 years
after such effective date, and such
number of additional positions for
portions of the 2 subsequent cost
reporting periods as the Secretary may
determine necessary to support
residency training programs in
specialities that exceed 3 years.
''(ii) Consideration in redistribution.--In
determining for which hospitals the increase in
the otherwise applicable resident limit is
provided under this subparagraph, the Secretary
shall take into account--
''(I) data provided by the Health
Resources and Services Administration
as a national standard to exhibit a
specific demand in the health care
workforce, as well as the
Administration's projected demand and
supply for physicians in the specialty
of medicine involved; and
''(II) the demonstrated likelihood
of the hospital filling positions made
available under this paragraph within
the first 3 cost reporting periods
beginning on or after the paragraph (9)
effective date.
The Secretary shall give special consideration
for up to 25 additional positions in the case
of a hospital that demonstrates the likelihood
of filing such positions during the first cost
reporting period beginning on or after such
effective date.
''(iii) Limitation.--In no case shall the
number of additional positions made available
to a hospital under this paragraph exceed 25 in
the first cost reporting period or 75 for all
cost reporting periods.
''(C) Priority for additional positions resulting
from hospital closures.--With respect to additional
positions described in subparagraph (B)(i)(I) which are
derived from a reduction in limits under subparagraph
(A) for a hospital that closed (in this subparagraph
referred to as a 'closed hospital'), the Secretary
shall distribute the increase to hospitals in the
following priority order:
''(i) First, to other hospitals for the
program or programs under which the hospital
had a cooperative arrangement with the closed
hospital under which residents in the graduate
medical education program of the closed
hospital also rotated through the other
hospital.
''(ii) Second, to other hospitals that are
members of the same affiliated group of
hospitals as the closed hospital.
''(iii) Third, to other hospitals that are
located in the same or contiguous core-based
statistical area as the closed hospital.
''(D) Preference.--After applying subparagraph (C)
and the special consideration under subparagraph (B),
in determining for which hospitals the increase in the
otherwise applicable resident limit is provided under
subparagraph (B), the Secretary shall give preference
to hospitals--
''(i) that submit an application for new
residents in primary care and geriatric
medicine and in other specialties as determined
to be in demand under subparagraph (B)(ii)(I);
and
''(ii) that emphasize training in community
health centers and other community-based or
hospital-sponsored clinics, and private
physicians' offices, including physician
groups.
''(E) Paragraph (9) effective date defined.--In
this paragraph, the term 'paragraph (9) effective date'
means July 1 of the year that begins after the date of
the enactment of this paragraph.
''(F) Affiliation.--The provisions of this
paragraph shall be applied to hospitals which are
members of the same affiliated group (as defined by the
Secretary under paragraph (4)(H)(ii)) and the reference
resident level for each such hospital with respect to
the cost reporting period that results in the smallest
difference between the reference resident level and the
otherwise applicable resident limit.''.

SEC. 3. EXPANDING PRIMARY CARE BONUS TO CERTAIN UNDERSERVED
SPECIALTIES.

(a) In General.--Section 1833(x)(2)(A) of the Social Security Act
(42 U.S.C. 1395l(x)(2)(A)) is amended--
(1) in clause (i)--
(A) by striking ''or'' at the end of subclause (I);
(B) by striking ''and'' at the end of subclause
(II) and inserting ''or''; and
(C) by adding at the end the following new
subclause:
''(III) is a physician (as
described in section 1861(r)(1)) who is
in an underserved specialty, such as
psychiatry or neurology, as specified
by the Secretary, or other specialty
identified by the Secretary to be in
demand; and''; and
(2) in clause (ii), by inserting after ''(ii)'' the
following: ''in the case of an individual described in
subclause (I) or (II) of clause (i),''.
(b) Effective Date.--The amendments made by subsection (a) shall
apply to payments for items and services furnished on or after January
1, 2012.

SEC. 4. SMALL PHYSICIAN PRACTICE RESIDENCY CREDIT.

(a) In General.--Subpart D of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1
of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to business related
credits) is amended by adding at the end the following new section:

''SEC. 45S. SMALL PHYSICIAN PRACTICE RESIDENCY CREDIT.

''(a) In General.--For purposes of section 38, the amount of the
small physician practice residency credit determined under this section
for any taxable year with respect to a qualified small physician
practice is the sum of the following:
''(1) Overall amount.--The per resident dollar amount
multiplied by the number of qualified teaching hospital
residents who provide services to, and are trained by, such
practice during the taxable year and who are in their first,
second, or third post-graduate year of medical residency.
''(2) Bonus.--The sum of--
''(A) 50 percent of the per resident dollar amount
multiplied by the number of such residents who are in
their first post-graduate year of medical residency
during the taxable year; and
''(B) 25 percent of the per resident dollar amount
multiplied by the average number of such residents who
are not counted under subparagraph (A) and are in their
second post-graduate year during the taxable year.
''(b) Qualified Small Physician Practice.--For purposes of this
section, the term 'qualified small physician practice' means any trade
or business of providing physicians' services (as defined in section
1861(q) of the Social Security Act), which may be a community health
center, that is owned and operated by a doctor of medicine or
osteopathy if fewer than 50 individuals are employed in such trade or
business (including new training sites) and the trade or business
includes as part of the practice the training of doctors of medicine or
osteopathy in a rotation covering at least 6 months in the taxable
year. All persons treated as a single employer under subsection (a) or
(b) or section 52 or subsection (m) or (o) of section 414 shall be
treated as a single trade or business for purposes of the preceding
sentence.
''(c) Qualified Teaching Hospital Residents.--For purposes of this
section, the term 'qualified teaching hospital resident' means any
resident (within the meaning of subparagraph (I) of section 1886(h)(5)
of the Social Security Act) in an approved medical residency training
program (as defined in subparagraph (A) of such section) which provides
services to the qualified small physician practice (while utilizing the
technologies and supplies of such practice) for a period not less
than--
''(1) 4 weeks in the case of a primary care resident (as
defined in subparagraph (H) of such section); or
''(2) 2 weeks in the case of any other resident.
''(d) Per Resident Dollar Amount.--For purposes of this section,
the term 'per resident dollar amount' means, in the case of a qualified
small physician practice that includes as part of the practice the
training of doctors of medicine or osteopathy in a rotation covering--
''(1) at least 6 months but less than 9 months in the
taxable year, $2,500; or
''(2) at least 9 months in the taxable year, $3,000.
''(e) Residents Not Taken Into Account More Than Once.--A qualified
teaching hospital resident shall be taken into account under subsection
(a) for the taxable in which the period described in subsection (c)
ends and shall not be so taken into account for any other taxable
year.''.
(b) Credit Allowed as Part of General Business Credit.--Section
38(b) of such Code (defining current year business credit) is amended
by striking ''plus'' at the end of paragraph (35), by striking the
period at the end of paragraph (36) and inserting '', plus'', and by
adding at the end the following new paragraph:
''(37) the small physician practice residency credit
determined under section 45S(a).''.
(c) Conforming Amendment.--The table of sections for subpart D of
part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 of such Code is amended by adding
at the end the following new item:

''Sec. 45S. Small physician practice residency credit.''.
(d) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall
apply to taxable years beginning after the date of the enactment of
this Act.

A: Improving Physician Access in Teaching Hospitals (PATH) Act of 2011 - Amends title XVIII (Medicare) of the Social Security Act with respect to distribution of additional resident positions as they affect calculation of payments for direct graduate medical education (DME) costs.

States that, if a hospital's resident level for each of the five most recent cost reporting periods is less than the otherwise applicable resident limit, then the otherwise applicable resident limit shall be reduced by the difference between it and the highest reference resident level for any of those five cost reporting periods. Excepts from this reduction requirement a hospital: (1) located in a rural area with fewer than 250 beds, or (2) that has had in effect a voluntary residency reduction plan.

Requires the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS) to increase the otherwise applicable resident limit (create additional residency slots) for applicant hospitals according to a specified formula that takes into account the aggregate reduction in limits attributable to this Act.

Expands the primary care bonus to certain underserved specialties, such as psychiatry or neurology.

Amends the Internal Revenue Code to allow a small physician practice residency credit.
****
Q: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Colonial New Mexico Commemorative
Act''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND PURPOSE.

(a) Findings.--Congress finds that--
(1) in 1598, almost a decade before the first permanent
English settlement was established at Jamestown, Spanish
colonists entered New Mexico, beginning more than 2 centuries
of colonization that would indelibly mark the character of the
American Southwest;
(2) because of the flow of history, New Mexico has remained
a unique area of the Spanish borderlands;
(3) as a result of its remoteness, New Mexico changed more
slowly than other settlements and has retained many significant
remnants of colonial customs, language, and attitudes; and
(4) the interaction of the American Indian and Hispanic
colonial heritages resulted in customs, architecture, and many
other manifestations that are unique to today's American
culture.
(b) Purpose.--In order to enhance the preservation, interpretation,
and public understanding of various aspects of colonial New Mexico, the
purpose of this Act is to authorize the Secretary of the Interior to
formulate a program for the research, interpretation, and preservation
of various aspects of colonial New Mexico history.

SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.

As used in this Act:
(1) Committee.--The term ''Committee'' means the Colonial
New Mexico Preservation Advisory Committee established by
section 6.
(2) Plan.--The term ''plan'' means the comprehensive
management plan described in section 5.
(3) Secretary.--The term ''Secretary'' means the Secretary
of the Interior.

SEC. 4. DUTIES OF SECRETARY.

(a) Plan.--
(1) Preparation.--The Secretary shall prepare the
comprehensive management plan in accordance with section 5.
(2) Implementation.--In close consultation with the Office
of Cultural Affairs of the State of New Mexico and the
Committee, the Secretary shall--
(A) coordinate the activities of Federal, State,
and local governments, and private businesses and
organizations, to carry out the plan and the purpose of
this Act; and
(B) consistent with standards established by the
Secretary for the preservation of historic properties
and for educational programs, and consistent with the
National Historic Preservation Act (16 U.S.C. 470 et
seq.), prepare guidelines and standards for projects,
as identified in the plan, that will further public
understanding of colonial New Mexico history.
(b) Grants.--
(1) In general.--From funds appropriated, donated, or
otherwise made available to the Secretary, the Secretary shall
award grants to tribal, governmental, and nongovernmental
entities to conserve and protect structures, objects, and
sites, and help support cultural events, that have outstanding
significance in the commemoration of colonial New Mexico,
except that the Federal share shall not exceed 50 percent of
the cost of each project.
(2) Non-federal share.--The non-Federal share may be in the
form of cash or services, including donation of labor for
project implementation.
(c) Surveys and Archaeological Investigations.--The Secretary shall
contract for surveys and archaeological and historical investigations
of sites relating to colonial New Mexico, including the preparation of
reports and maps, and the curation of artifacts.
(d) Publications.--The Secretary shall publish study reports and
educational materials.
(e) Nominations to National Register of Historic Places.--The
Secretary shall prepare thematic nominations to the National Register
of Historic Places of colonial sites and resources in New Mexico.
(f) Staff of Other Agencies.--On a reimbursable basis, the
Secretary may procure the services of personnel detailed from the State
of New Mexico or other Federal agencies.
(g) Donations.--The Secretary may seek and accept donations of
funds or services from public and private entities to carry out this
Act.

SEC. 5. COMPREHENSIVE MANAGEMENT PLAN.

(a) In General.--Not later than 2 years after funds are made
available for purposes of this Act, the Secretary, in consultation with
the Committee, the State of New Mexico, units of local government, and
private groups, shall prepare a comprehensive management plan to
provide direction for commemorative actions and projects.
(b) Contents.--The plan shall--
(1) establish a process and procedures for undertaking
research relating to colonial New Mexico and a program for
regular publication of research materials and findings;
(2) develop a survey program to further evaluate known
resources and identify sites and features that require
additional study;
(3) identify a core system of interpretive sites and
features that would provide a comprehensive overview of the
colonial New Mexico story;
(4) prepare interpretive materials to address the colonial
New Mexico story and identify locations where this material
will be available to the public;
(5) evaluate and recommend high priority sites and
resources that need protection and assistance;
(6) with the assistance of site owners, prepare options for
the protection and management of high priority colonial New
Mexico resources;
(7) evaluate and recommend highway routes, in existence on
the date of the plan, that could be designated by the State of
New Mexico as colonial New Mexico tour routes; and
(8) evaluate the feasibility of and need for developing
commemorative centers in New Mexico in accordance with section
7(a).

SEC. 6. ESTABLISHMENT OF ADVISORY COMMITTEE.

(a) In General.--There is established in the Department of the
Interior the Colonial New Mexico Preservation Advisory Committee to
advise the Secretary with respect to the administration of this Act.
(b) Membership.--
(1) Composition.--The Committee shall be composed of 15
members who have knowledge of New Mexico colonial history and
culture and who shall be appointed by the Secretary, of whom--
(A) three members shall be appointed from
recommendations submitted by the Governor of New
Mexico, of whom one member shall represent the Office
of Cultural Affairs of the State of New Mexico;
(B) one member shall be appointed from
recommendations submitted by the All Indian Pueblo
Council;
(C) one member--
(i) shall be from the general public; and
(ii) shall have knowledge of colonial
history in New Mexico;
(D) four members--
(i) shall be appointed from recommendations
submitted by local governments in New Mexico;
and
(ii) shall represent Hispanic communities;
(E) one member shall be appointed from
recommendations submitted by the President of the
University of New Mexico;
(F) one member shall be appointed from
recommendations submitted by the President of New
Mexico State University;
(G) one member shall be appointed from
recommendations jointly submitted by the Navajo and
Apache tribal governments;
(H) one member shall have professional expertise in
the colonial history of New Mexico;
(I) one member shall have professional expertise in
architectural history; and
(J) one member shall be the Secretary or the
Secretary's designee and shall serve in an ex-officio
capacity.
(2) Chairperson.--
(A) In general.--The Committee shall elect a
chairperson from among its members.
(B) Term.--The chairperson shall serve for a term
of 2 years.
(3) Vacancies.--A vacancy in the Committee shall be filled
in the manner in which the original appointment was made.
(4) Terms.--
(A) In general.--Each member of the Committee shall
be appointed for a term of 5 years.
(B) Members filling vacancies.--A member appointed
to fill a vacancy shall serve for the remainder of the
term for which the member's predecessor was appointed.
(C) Extended service.--A member of the Committee
may serve after the expiration of the member's term
until a successor is appointed.
(5) Compensation.--Members of the Committee shall serve
without compensation.
(6) Travel expenses.--While away from their homes or
regular places of business in the performance of services for
the Committee, members of the Committee shall be allowed travel
expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, in the
same manner as persons employed intermittently in the
Government service are allowed expenses under section 5703 of
title 5, United States Code.
(c) Meetings.--
(1) In general.--The Committee shall meet at least twice
annually or at the call of the chairperson or a majority of the
members of the Committee.
(2) Quorum.--A simple majority of members of the Committee
shall constitute a quorum.
(d) Hearings.--To carry out this section, the Committee may hold
public hearings, take testimony, and record the views of the public
regarding the plan and implementation of the plan.
(e) Termination.--The Committee shall terminate 10 years after
completion of the appointment of the first group of members.

SEC. 7. COMMEMORATIVE CENTERS.

(a) In General.--
(1) In general.--The Secretary may develop commemorative
centers, operate educational programs, provide technical
assistance, conduct cultural events, and prepare media
materials, except that the Federal share of a project shall not
exceed 50 percent of the total cost of development.
(2) Non-federal share.--The non-Federal share may be in the
form of cash or services.
(b) Espanola Plaza Center.--
(1) In general.--In consultation with the Committee, the
Secretary may pay to the city of Espanola, New Mexico, the
Federal share of planning, developing, and operating a
commemorative center as an element of the Spanish Commemorative
Plaza.
(2) Federal share.--The Federal share may not exceed 50
percent of the total cost of the Espanola Plaza project.
(3) Non-federal share.--The non-Federal share may be in the
form of cash or services.

SEC. 8. GALISTEO BASIN STUDY.

In accordance with the National Park Service document entitled
''Alternative Concepts for Commemorating Spanish Colonization'' and
dated February 1991, the Secretary shall undertake a special resource
study of the major prehistoric and historic sites in the Galisteo Basin
relating to colonial New Mexico. The study shall include evaluations of
significance, site integrity, threats, and protection and management
options.

SEC. 9. PUEBLO TRAIL.

(a) Redesignation.--The Masau Trail, as designated by title II of
Public Law 100-225 (16 U.S.C. 460uu-11 et seq.), is redesignated as the
Pueblo Trail.
(b) Legal References.--Any reference in any record, map, or other
document of the United States to the Masau Trail is deemed to be a
reference to the Pueblo Trail.
(c) Conforming Amendments.--
(1) The title heading of title II of Public Law 100-225 (16
U.S.C. 460uu-11 et seq.) is amended by striking ''MASAU'' and
inserting ''PUEBLO''.
(2) Public Law 100-225 (16 U.S.C. 460uu et seq.) is amended
by striking ''Masau'' each place it appears in sections 201,
204, and 510 and inserting ''Pueblo''.

SEC. 10. ANNUAL REPORTS.

(a) In General.--The Secretary shall submit an annual report to
Congress that lists with respect to this Act--
(1) actions taken by the Secretary;
(2) entities to which any grants were made during the
fiscal year and any recipients of technical assistance; and
(3) actions taken to protect and interpret significant
sites, structures, and objects relating to colonial New Mexico.
(b) Cost Estimates.--The report shall include detailed cost
estimates of projects that are proposed to be funded under this Act
during the next fiscal year.

SEC. 11. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

There are authorized to be appropriated to the Department of the
Interior $5,000,000 to carry out this Act, to remain available until
expended.

A: Colonial New Mexico Commemorative Act - Directs the Secretary of the Interior to prepare a comprehensive management plan to: (1) establish procedures for undertaking research relating to colonial New Mexico and a program for publication of research; (2) develop a survey to evaluate known resources and identify features that require additional study; (3) identify a core system of interpretive sites that would provide a comprehensive overview of the colonial New Mexico story; (4) prepare interpretive materials to address the colonial New Mexico story to be made available to the public; (5) recommend high priority sites that need protection and assistance; (6) prepare options for the management of priority New Mexico resources; (7) recommend highway routes that could be designated as colonial New Mexico tour routes; and (8) evaluate the feasibility of and need for developing commemorative centers in New Mexico.
Requires the Secretary to award grants to tribal, governmental, and nongovernmental entities to conserve and protect structures, objects, and sites, and help support cultural events, that have significance in the commemoration of colonial New Mexico. Directs the Secretary to prepare thematic nominations to the National Register of Historic Places of colonial sites and resources in New Mexico.
Establishes the Colonial New Mexico Preservation Advisory Committee in the Department of the Interior.
Authorizes the Secretary to: (1) develop commemorative centers, operate educational programs, provide technical assistance, conduct cultural events, and prepare media materials; and (2) pay to the city of Espanola, New Mexico, the Federal share of planning and operating a commemorative center as an element of the Spanish Commemorative Plaza.
Directs the Secretary to undertake a special resource study of the major prehistoric and historic sites in the Galisteo Basin relating to colonial New Mexico.
Authorizes appropriations.
Redesignates the Masau Trail as the Pueblo Trail.
****
Q: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Stopping Over-Criminalization Act of
2015''.

SEC. 2. PURPOSE.

The purpose of this Act is to reduce the size, scope and complexity
of the Federal criminal code. In order to ensure that honest mistakes
by individuals who are not morally blameworthy do not result in
criminal charges, the Act establishes a default criminal state of mind
requirement for all Federal criminal offenses, and allows a mistake of
law defense for situations in which the defendant did not know, and a
reasonable person would not have known, that the action was a crime.
Currently, Federal crimes, including executive rules that carry
criminal penalties are scattered throughout the Federal code and
register. To enable all Americans to access and view Federal crimes,
the Act requires the creation of a Federal inventory that lists all
Federal criminal offenses, including agency rules that define criminal
offenses. To uphold the role of Congress in defining what constitutes a
Federal crime, the Act holds that no rule of the executive branch
defining or establishing a criminal offense shall have force or effect
unless approved by both branches of Congress.

SEC. 3. CLARIFICATION OF DEFAULT MENS REA FOR FEDERAL OFFENSES.

(a) In General.--Chapter 1 of title 18, United States Code, is
amended by adding at the end the following:
''Sec. 28. Default mens rea requirement
''(a) Knowing State of Mind Generally Required.--For the purposes
of a Federal offense, unless otherwise specifically provided in the
provision of law defining the offense, the state of mind required for a
conviction is knowing as to each element of the offense.
''(b) Special Rule for Regulatory and Similar Offenses.--In
addition, in the case of an offense, such as a regulatory offense,
where a defendant might reasonably be unaware the conduct could be
criminally punished, the Government must prove the defendant had reason
to know the defendant's conduct was unlawful.''.
(b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections at the beginning of
chapter 1 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the
end the following new item:

''28. Establishing a default mens rea for Federal offenses.''.

SEC. 4. REQUIRING AN INVENTORY OF ALL FEDERAL CRIMINAL OFFENSES.

(a) In General.--Chapter 31 of title 28, United States Code, is
amended by adding at the end the following:
''Sec. 530E. Inventory of Federal criminal offenses
''(a) Development and Availability.--
''(1) Initially.--Not later than one year after the
enactment of this section, the Attorney General shall develop
and make available to the public, online and through other
appropriate means, an inventory of all Federal criminal
offenses, including violations of agency rules that carry
criminal penalties.
''(2) Updating.--The Attorney General shall update the
inventory following the subsequent enactment or amendment (or
the creation by agency rulemaking) of any Federal criminal
offenses in order to keep the inventory as up to date as
practicable.
''(b) Prohibition of Prosecution of Non-Inventoried Offenses.--
''(1) Generally.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), it
is a defense against a prosecution for any Federal offense that
the offense is not listed in the inventory as required by this
section.
''(2) Exceptions.--Paragraph (1) does not apply if--
''(A) the Government demonstrates beyond a
reasonable doubt that a reasonable person would have
known the conduct that person engaged in was criminal
in nature; or
''(B) the conduct of the defendant resulted in an
imminent and foreseeable risk of death or bodily injury
to another.''.
(b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections at the beginning of
chapter 31 of title 28, United States Code, is amended by adding at the
end the following new item:

''530E. Inventory of Federal criminal offenses.''.

SEC. 5. PRESERVING THE ROLE OF CONGRESS IN DEFINING FEDERAL CRIMES.

(a) In General.--Chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, is
amended--
(1) by inserting before section 801 the following:

''SUBCHAPTER I--CONGRESSIONAL REVIEW GENERALLY'';

and
(2) by inserting after section 808 the following:

''SUBCHAPTER II--RULES WITH CRIMINAL PENALTIES

''Sec. 811. New rules with criminal penalties
''(a) Limitation on Taking Effect.--A new rule with criminal
penalties shall not take effect except upon the enactment of a joint
resolution under this subchapter, the matter after the resolving clause
of which is as follows: 'That Congress approves the rules submitted by
the _______ relating to ______.'. (The blank spaces being appropriately
filled in).
''(b) Proposed Rules To Be Submitted to Congress.--Upon proposing a
rule to which subsection (a) applies, the agency proposing the rule
shall submit to Congress--
''(1) a copy of the rule, a concise general statement
relating to the rule, and the proposed effective date of the
rule;
''(2) a justification for providing criminal penalties,
including--
''(A) an estimate of the number of expected
prosecutions annually over a 10-year period;
''(B) the anticipated cost of prosecuting and
punishing, including by incarceration, offenders;
''(C) a cost-benefit analysis of punishing offenses
as crimes, rather than lesser violations, including the
effect on rule compliance, impact on total Federal
spending, and the impact of incarceration and other
punishments under the rule on communities.
''(3) a criminal rule report for such rule. Such a rule may
not take effect prior to the final disposition date for such
criminal rule report.
''(c) Referral of Submission.--Upon receipt of a submission under
this section, each House of Congress shall provide copies of the
submission to the chairman and ranking member of each standing
committee with the jurisdiction to report a bill to amend the provision
of law under which the rule is issued.
''(d) Deadline for Reporting by Committees.--If, not later than 15
legislative days after the referral in one of the Houses of Congress,
no committee to which a submission is referred under subsection (c)
reports out, either favorably or unfavorably, a joint resolution
approving the rule, the committee to which the submission is referred
is automatically discharged of the resolution of approval.
''(e) House of Representatives.--(1) In the House of
Representatives, after the 15-day period described in subsection (d),
it is at any time in order for a motion to proceed to the consideration
of a joint resolution described in subsection (a).
''(2) In the House of Representatives, all points of order against
a joint resolution described in subsection (a) shall be considered
waived. The joint resolution shall be debatable for one hour equally
divided and controlled by the chairman and ranking minority member of
the committee of referral. The previous question shall be considered as
ordered on the resolution to final passage without intervening motion,
except one motion to recommit without instructions.
''(f) Automatic Discharge.--In the Senate, if the committee to
which is referred a joint resolution described in subsection (a) has
not reported such joint resolution (or an identical joint resolution)
after the 15-day period described in subsection (d), such committee
shall be discharged from further consideration of such joint resolution
and such joint resolution shall be placed on the calendar.
''(g) Motion To Proceed and Debate.--(1) In the Senate, when the
committee to which a joint resolution is referred has reported, or when
a committee is discharged (under subsection (f)) from further
consideration of a joint resolution described in subsection (a), it is
at any time thereafter in order (even though a previous motion to the
same effect has been disagreed to) for a motion to proceed to the
consideration of the joint resolution, and all points of order against
the joint resolution (and against consideration of the joint
resolution) are waived. The motion is not subject to amendment, or to a
motion to postpone, or to a motion to proceed to the consideration of
other business. A motion to reconsider the vote by which the motion is
agreed to or disagreed to shall not be in order. If a motion to proceed
to the consideration of the joint resolution is agreed to, the joint
resolution shall remain the unfinished business of the Senate until
disposed of.
''(2) In the Senate, debate on the joint resolution, and on all
debatable motions and appeals in connection therewith, shall be limited
to not more than 5 hours, which shall be divided equally between those
favoring and those opposing the joint resolution. A motion further to
limit debate is in order and not debatable. An amendment to, or a
motion to postpone, or a motion to proceed to the consideration of
other business, or a motion to recommit the joint resolution is not in
order.
''(3) In the Senate, immediately following the conclusion of the
debate on a joint resolution described in subsection (a), and a single
quorum call at the conclusion of the debate if requested in accordance
with the rules of the Senate, the vote on final passage of the joint
resolution shall occur.
''(4) Appeals from the decisions of the Chair relating to the
application of the rules of the Senate to the procedure relating to a
joint resolution described in subsection (a) shall be decided without
debate.
''(h) Consideration by the Other House.--If, before the passage by
one House of a joint resolution of that House described in subsection
(a), that House receives from the other House a joint resolution
described in subsection (a), then the following procedures shall apply:
''(1) The joint resolution of the other House shall not be
referred to a committee.
''(2) With respect to a joint resolution described in
subsection (a) of the House receiving the joint resolution--
''(A) the procedure in that House shall be the same
as if no joint resolution had been received from the
other House; but
''(B) the vote on final passage shall be on the
joint resolution of the other House.
''(i) Exercise of Rulemaking Power.--This section is enacted by
Congress--
''(1) as an exercise of the rulemaking power of the Senate
and House of Representatives, respectively, and as such it is
deemed a part of the rules of each House, respectively, but
applicable only with respect to the procedure to be followed in
that House in the case of a joint resolution described in
subsection (a), and it supersedes other rules only to the
extent that it is inconsistent with such rules; and
''(2) with full recognition of the constitutional right of
either House to change the rules (so far as relating to the
procedure of that House) at any time, in the same manner, and
to the same extent as in the case of any other rule of that
House.
''Sec. 812. Definition
''In this subchapter, the term 'new rule with criminal penalties'
means a rule or provision of a rule, or an amendment to such a rule or
provision, that--
''(1) if violated, may be punished by criminal penalties;
and
''(2) is proposed after the date of enactment of this
section.''.
(b) Clerical Amendment.--
(1) References to chapter conformed.--Sections 801 through
808 of such title are amended by striking ''chapter'' each
place such term appears, and inserting ''subchapter''.
(2) Table of sections.--The table of sections for chapter 8
of such title is amended as follows:
(A) before the item pertaining to section 801,
insert the following:

''subchapter i. congressional review generally'';

and
(B) after the item pertaining to section 808,
insert the following:

''subchapter ii. rules with criminal penalties

''811. Agency reviews of rules with criminal penalties.
''812. Definitions.''.

SEC. 6. NONAPPLICATION OF ACT TO UNIFORM CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE.

Nothing in this Act or any amendment made by this Act applies to
any existing or future statute or regulation enacted in, or prescribed
under, the Uniform Code of Military Justice.

A:
Stopping Over-Criminalization Act of 2015 This bill amends the federal criminal code to establish a default mens rea (guilty mind) standard for a federal criminal offense, unless the provision of law that defines such offense specifically provides otherwise. A federal criminal offense conviction requires proof that a defendant acted knowingly with respect to each element of the offense. If a defendant might lack reasonable awareness that conduct (e.g., a regulatory offense) is criminally punishable, then a conviction requires proof that the defendant had reason to know the conduct was unlawful. Additionally, the bill amends the federal judicial code to: (1) require the Department of Justice to develop, publish, and update an inventory of all federal criminal offenses, including agency rules that carry criminal penalties; and (2) prohibit prosecuting a defendant for a non-inventoried federal offense. Finally, it amends the Congressional Review Act to require congressional approval by joint resolution for a new rule with criminal penalties to take effect.
****