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Use a shovel to dig into the soil, and grab a handful of it. See what the soil seems to be made up of. It might be sandy or have a lot of clay, or it may be good rich dirt. Soil with too much sand or clay will not usually grow garden plants very well. The soil should feel fluffy, like it is full of air, because this means it gets plenty of oxygen. This is also a good time to see if there are lots of worms and insects in the soil, as this usually means the soil is fairly rich. Depending on what the soil is like in your area, you can add soil amendments later to get it to the proper makeup. Generally, dark brown or nearly black soil is best because it tends to mean the soil has a lot of decomposing organic matter and is rich in nutrients. Pale brown or nearly yellow soil tends to be less nutrient rich. You can get a better understanding of the makeup of your soil by taking samples from several places. Place the samples in a mason jar and mix them together. When the soil settles, you'll be able to better see the soil's makeup. . For the best results, take a sample of the soil to a garden store or county extension office so they can test it to see what nutrients are lacking, and see what the pH level is. You can also buy a home test kit, but this will not be quite as thorough. Ideal pH for most vegetable plants is around 6.0-7.5. Adding lime is a common way to adjust the pH of soil, but it is a long process that take about six months to fully take effect in the soil. You can make up for other lacking nutrients with fertilizer and compost, which will be discussed more later. When you are first starting a garden, especially if you're starting it at the beginning of Spring, you need to wait until the soil has dried out enough. If you squeeze a handful of the soil and it stays packed together, it's probably still too wet.] You can perform this test once a week or so until the soil is dry enough to begin garden preparation. Soil that has a high clay content will pack more, but this does not necessarily mean the soil is too wet.

summary: Sample the soil makeup. Test for nutrients Evaluate how wet the soil is.

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You can use the photos folder on your Apple or PC computer, or you can create a different folder elsewhere on your device. If you don't import all of your photos into a single folder, it will quickly become difficult to find specific photos. Delete poor or redundant images immediately after you import them. There's no reason to waste the space on your computer. In your photos folder, create a folder for each year represented in your collection. Inside each of your year folders, create a separate folder for each month in the year. This will make it easier to find photos, especially if you take a lot of them. You can use the event as a reference point to easily find photos if you organize them this way. For example, if you're looking for graduation photos, you'll know they'll be in the May or June folder. If it was snowing when a photo was taken, you know to look through November-March to find the photo. If you tend to take photos of important events, such as weddings, vacations, or parties, arrange your digital collection with keywords. Good titles for your folders should be based on who is in the photos, what the photos document, and where the photos were taken. A good example may be "John Birthday Restaurant," or "Family Vacation Thailand." This method will make it easy to search for specific folders using your computer's search function. Tag specific images with keywords if you want to easily find a few images that you particularly enjoy. Copy all of your photos and paste them into a thumb drive or external hard drive. This will ensure that your photos aren't permanently lost if your hard drive crashes or your computer gets damaged. If your collection is large, or you shoot in the RAW format, the transfer could take a while. Don't unplug your backup drive while the copies are transferring; you could damage the drive or lose some photos if you do. Arrange your photos into different folders based on theme, event, or subject matter. Upload your photos to albums to Facebook or Instagram to easily share them with your friends. Social media also ensures that your photos won't be lost forever if something happens to your digital copies. There are several digital photo storage services where you can upload and categorize your digital photos. A digital storage service allows you to freely play around with different combinations of photos and will keep your photos safe online in the event of a computer virus or hard drive error. The 2 most popular photo storage services are Flickr and Photobucket, which offer free storage for a large number of photos.

summary: Put all of your images in one place on your computer. Arrange folders by date if you take a lot of photos. Label your folders by keywords if you document important events. Backup your images by putting copies on a thumb drive. Share your photos in albums on social media to show others. Use a digital storage service to arrange images for long term storage.

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Though linoleum and vinyl flooring are fairly cheap compared to flooring options like hardwood and tile, you still won't want to spend any more money on your flooring project than necessary. Figuring out how much linoleum your project calls for beforehand can prevent you from wasting money on excessive flooring material and save you the hassle of having to run back to the hardware store if you don't have enough. For most projects, the easiest way to do this is simply to use an online calculator. Though online calculators will vary, most (including the one above) simply require you to input the length and width of your floor section (or sections) to receive a total estimate. For floor sections that are square or rectangular, you'll only need one length and width, but for a differently-shaped area of floor, you'll need to divide your square into rectangular sections and find a length and width for each to get an accurate total. You don't need to use a calculator to figure out how much linoleum you need it's also pretty easy to find this amount by hand. Use one of the equations below to determine exactly how much linoleum is necessary for your project depending on whether you're buying sheet linoleum by the yard or tiled linoleum. Keep in mind that, regardless of the equation you use, your floor area value will be the length of your floor times its width (for each rectangular section of floor). For sheet linoleum: (Floor area)/9 = # of Square yards of linoleum needed For 9-inch tiles: (Floor area)/0.5626 = # of 9-inch linoleum tiles needed For 12-inch tiles: (Floor area) = # of 12-inch linoleum tiles needed As with all home improvement projects, it's a smart use of your time to buy just a little extra when you're shopping for linoleum flooring. Just as you might buy extra concrete when pouring a new driveway, buying extra linoleum gives you the ability to correct for small mistakes you might make and also accounts for minor errors you may have made during the process of calculating the amount of linoleum you need. In addition, extra linoleum can be stored almost indefinitely and used to patch minor damage to your floor, line the bottom of cabinets under your sink, and for a variety of other home-improvement projects.
summary: Use an online calculator. Calculate your amount by hand. Buy a little bit more than you think you need.