In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.

Background-The complement system is activated in liver diseases including acute liver failure (ALF); however, the role of the lectin pathway of complement has scarcely been investigated in ALF. The pathway is initiated by soluble pattern recognition molecules: mannan-binding lectin (MBL), M-, L-and H-ficolin and collectin-liver-1 (CL-L1), which are predominantly synthesised in the liver. Methods-Serum samples from 75 patients enrolled by the U.S. ALF Study Group were collected on days 1 and 3. We included 75 healthy blood donors and 20 cirrhosis patients as controls. Analyses were performed using sandwich-type immunoassays (ELISA, TRIFMA). Results-At day 1, the MBL level in ALF patients was 40% lower compared with healthy controls ((median(interquartile range) 0.72 g/ml(0.91) vs. 1.15(1.92)(p=0.02)), and increased significantly by day 3 (0.83 g/ml(0.94)(p=0.01)). The M-ficolin level was 60% lower (0.54 g/ ml(0.50) vs. 1.48(1.01)(p<0.0001)). The CL-L1 level at day 1 was slightly higher compared with healthy controls (3.20 g/ml(2.37) vs. 2.64(0.72)(p=0.11)); this was significant at day 3 (3.35(1.84)(p=0.006)). H-and L-ficolin levels were similar to healthy controls. Spontaneous ALF survivors had higher levels of MBL at day 1 (0.96 g/ml(1.15) vs. 0.60(0.60)(p=0.02)) and lower levels of L-ficolin by day 3 compared with patients who died or were transplanted (1.61 g/ ml(1.19) vs. 2.17(2.19)(p=0.02)).
Circulating mannan-binding lectin, M-, L-, H-ficolin, and collectin-liver-1 levels in patients with acute liver failure

Background: Infection control professionals (ICP) who have experienced disaster response have not been assessed in terms of the lessons they have learned, gaps they perceive in disaster preparedness, and their perceived priorities for future emergency response training. Methods: Focus groups were conducted at the APIC 2006 Conference to evaluate ICPs' perceived needs related to disaster planning topics, products they feel are needed for education and reference materials, and lessons learned from past disasters. Results: ICPs' role in disaster preparedness and response is essential, even in noninfectious disease emergencies. Infection control issues in shelters, such as overcrowding, foodborne illness, lack of restroom facilities, inadequate environmental cleaning procedures and products, difficulty assessing disease outbreaks in shelters, inability to isolate potentially contagious patients, and too few hand hygiene supplies can contribute to secondary disease transmission. Other important topics on which ICPs need to be trained include surge capacity, employee health and safety, incident command system, educating responders and the public on disaster preparedness, addressing changing standards/recommendations, and partnering with public health. ICPs need quick reference materials, such as checklists, templates, tool kits, and algorithms to better equip them for disaster response. Conclusion: Infection control must continue to partner with public health and other responding agencies to address gaps in disaster planning. (Am J Infect Control 2007;35:374-81.)
Disaster preparedness lessons learned and future directions for education: Results from focus groups conducted at the 2006 APIC Conference

S-palmitoylation is a reversible, enzymatic posttranslational modification of proteins in which palmitoyl chain is attached to a cysteine residue via a thioester linkage. S-palmitoylation determines the functioning of proteins by affecting their association with membranes, compartmentalization in membrane domains, trafficking, and stability. In this review, we focus on S-palmitoylation of proteins, which are crucial for the interactions of pathogenic bacteria and viruses with the host. We discuss the role of palmitoylated proteins in the invasion of host cells by bacteria and viruses, and those involved in the host responses to the infection. We highlight recent data on protein S-palmitoylation in pathogens and their hosts obtained owing to the development of methods based on click chemistry and acyl-biotin exchange allowing proteomic analysis of protein lipidation. The role of the palmitoyl moiety present in bacterial lipopolysaccharide and lipoproteins, contributing to infectivity and affecting recognition of bacteria by innate immune receptors, is also discussed.
Protein Palmitoylation and its Role in Bacterial and viral infections