TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.
PROBLEM: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Medical Nutrition Equity Act of
2017''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

Congress finds the following:
(1) Specialized food is often medically necessary for the
safe and effective management of many digestive and inherited
metabolic disorders that impact digestion, absorption, and
metabolism of nutrients.
(2) Although medically necessary food is essential for
patients, it is often expensive and not uniformly reimbursed by
health insurance, leaving many families with an insurmountable
financial burden.
(3) As a result, many patients who cannot afford medically
necessary food may experience adverse health consequences from
suboptimal disease management, including hospitalization,
intellectual impairment, behavioral dysfunction, inadequate
growth, nutrient deficiencies, and even death.

SEC. 3. COVERAGE OF MEDICALLY NECESSARY FOOD AND VITAMINS FOR DIGESTIVE
AND INHERITED METABOLIC DISORDERS UNDER FEDERAL HEALTH
PROGRAMS AND PRIVATE HEALTH INSURANCE.

(a) Coverage Under the Medicare Program.--
(1) Medically necessary food.--
(A) In general.--Section 1861(s)(2) of the Social
Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395x(s)(2)) is amended--
(i) in subparagraph (FF), by striking
''and'' at the end;
(ii) in subparagraph (GG), by inserting
''and'' at the end; and
(iii) by adding at the end the following
new subparagraph:
''(HH) medically necessary food (as defined in subsection
(jjj)) and the medical equipment and supplies necessary to
administer such food (other than medical equipment and supplies
described in subsection (n));''.
(B) Definition.--Section 1861 of the Social
Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395x) is amended by adding at
the end the following new subsection:

''Medically Necessary Food

''(jjj)(1) Subject to paragraph (2), the term 'medically necessary
food' means food, including a low protein modified food product and an
amino acid preparation product, that is--
''(A) furnished pursuant to the prescription, order, or
recommendation (as applicable) of a physician or other health
care professional qualified to make such prescription, order,
or recommendation, for the dietary management of a covered
disease or condition;
''(B) a specially formulated and processed product (as
opposed to a naturally occurring foodstuff used in its natural
state) for the partial or exclusive feeding of an individual by
means of oral intake or enteral feeding by tube;
''(C) intended for the dietary management of an individual
who, because of therapeutic or chronic medical needs, has
limited or impaired capacity to ingest, digest, absorb, or
metabolize ordinary foodstuffs or certain nutrients, or who has
other special medically determined nutrient requirements, the
dietary management of which cannot be achieved by the
modification of the normal diet alone;
''(D) intended to be used under medical supervision, which
may include in a home setting; and
''(E) intended only for an individual receiving active and
ongoing medical supervision wherein the individual requires
medical care on a recurring basis for, among other things,
instructions on the use of the food.
''(2) For purposes of paragraph (1), the term 'medically necessary
food' does not include the following:
''(A) Foods taken as part of an overall diet designed to
reduce the risk of a disease or medical condition or as weight
loss products, even if they are recommended by a physician or
other health professional.
''(B) Foods marketed as gluten-free for the management of
celiac disease or non-celiac gluten sensitivity.
''(C) Foods marketed for the management of diabetes.
''(D) Other products determined appropriate by the
Secretary.
''(3) In this subsection, the term 'covered disease or condition'
means the following diseases or conditions:
''(A) Inherited metabolic disorders, including the
following:
''(i) Disorders classified as metabolic disorders
on the Recommended Uniform Screening Panel Core
Conditions list of the Secretary of Health and Human
Services' Advisory Committee on Heritable Disorders in
Newborns and Children.
''(ii) N-acetyl glutamate synthase deficiency.
''(iii) Ornithine transcarbamlyase deficiency.
''(iv) Carbamoyl phosphate synthestase deficiency.
''(v) Inherited disorders of mitochondrial
functioning.
''(B) Medical and surgical conditions of malabsorption,
including the following:
''(i) Impaired absorption of nutrients caused by
disorders affecting the absorptive surface, functional
length, and motility of the gastrointestinal tract,
including short bowel syndrome and chronic intestinal
pseudo-obstruction.
''(ii) Malabsorption due to liver or pancreatic
disease.
''(C) Immunoglobulin E and non-Immunoglobulin E-mediated
allergies to food proteins, including the following:
''(i) Immunoglobulin E and non-Immunoglobulin E-
mediated allergies to food proteins.
''(ii) Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome.
''(iii) Eosinophilic disorders, including
eosinophilic esophagitis, eosinophilic gastroenteritis,
eosinophilic colitis, and post-transplant eosinophilic
disorders.
''(D) Inflammatory or immune mediated conditions of the
alimentary tract, including the following:
''(i) Inflammatory bowel disease, including Crohn's
disease, ulcerative colitis, and indeterminate colitis.
''(ii) Gastroesophageal reflux disease that is
nonresponsive to standard medical therapies.
''(E) Any other disease or condition determined appropriate
by the Secretary.
''(4) In this subsection, the term ' low protein modified food
product' means a product formulated to have less than one gram of
protein per serving.''.
(C) Payment.--Section 1833(a)(1) of the Social
Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395l(a)(1)) is amended--
(i) by striking ''and'' before ''(BB)'';
and
(ii) by inserting before the semicolon at
the end the following: '', and (CC) with
respect to medically necessary food (as defined
in section 1861(jjj)), the amount paid shall be
an amount equal to 80 percent of the lesser of
the actual charge for the services or the
amount determined under a fee schedule
established by the Secretary for purposes of
this subparagraph.''.
(D) Effective date.--The amendments made by this
subsection shall apply to items and services furnished
on or after the date that is 1 year after the date of
the enactment of this Act.
(2) Inclusion of medically necessary vitamins as a covered
part d drug.--
(A) In general.--Section 1860D-2(e)(1) of the
Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395w-102(e)(1)) is
amended--
(i) in subparagraph (A), by striking ''or''
at the end;
(ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking the
comma at the end and inserting ''; or''; and
(iii) by inserting after subparagraph (B)
the following new subparagraph:
''(C) medically necessary vitamins used for the
management of a covered disease or condition (as
defined in section 1861(jjj)(3)) pursuant to the
prescription, order, or recommendation (as applicable)
of a physician or other health care professional
qualified to make such prescription, order, or
recommendation,''.
(B) Effective date.--The amendments made by
subparagraph (A) shall apply to plan years beginning on
or after the date that is 1 year after the date of the
enactment of this Act.
(b) Coverage Under the Medicaid Program.--
(1) In general.--Section 1905(a) of the Social Security Act
(42 U.S.C. 1396d(a)) is amended--
(A) in paragraph (28), by striking ''and'' at the
end;
(B) by redesignating paragraph (29) as paragraph
(31); and
(C) by inserting after paragraph (28) the following
new paragraphs:
''(29) medically necessary food (as defined in section
1861(jjj)) and the medical equipment and supplies necessary to
administer such food;
''(30) medically necessary vitamins used for the management
of a covered disease or condition (as defined in section
1861(jjj)(3)) pursuant to the prescription, order, or
recommendation (as applicable) of a physician or other health
care professional qualified to make such prescription, order,
or recommendation; and''.
(2) Conforming amendments.--
(A) Mandatory benefits.--Section 1902(a)(10)(A) of
the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1396a(a)(10)(A)) is
amended, in the matter preceding clause (i), by
striking ''and (28)'' and inserting ''(28), (29), and
(30)''.
(B) Exception to coverage restriction.--Section
1927(d)(2)(E) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C.
1396r-8(d)(2)(E)) is amended by inserting ''and except
for medically necessary vitamins described in section
1905(a)(30)'' before the period at the end.
(3) Effective date.--
(A) In general.--Subject to subparagraph (B), the
amendments made by this subsection shall take effect on
the date that is 1 year after the date of the enactment
of this Act.
(B) Exception to effective date if state
legislation required.--In the case of a State plan for
medical assistance under title XIX of the Social
Security Act which the Secretary of Health and Human
Services determines requires State legislation (other
than legislation appropriating funds) in order for the
plan to meet the additional requirements imposed by the
amendments made by this subsection, the State plan
shall not be regarded as failing to comply with the
requirements of such title solely on the basis of its
failure to meet this additional requirement before the
first day of the first calendar quarter beginning after
the close of the first regular session of the State
legislature that begins after the date of the enactment
of this Act. For purposes of the previous sentence, in
the case of a State that has a 2-year legislative
session, each year of such session shall be deemed to
be a separate regular session of the State legislature.
(c) Coverage Under CHIP.--
(1) In general.--Section 2103(c) of the Social Security Act
(42 U.S.C. 1397cc(c)) is amended by adding at the end the
following:
''(9) Medically necessary food.--The child health
assistance provided to a targeted low-income child under the
plan shall include coverage of medically necessary food (as
defined in section 1861(jjj)) and the medical equipment and
supplies necessary to administer such food.
''(10) Certain vitamins.--The child health assistance
provided to a targeted low-income child under the plan shall
include coverage of medically necessary vitamins used for the
management of a covered disease or condition (as defined in
section 1861(jjj)(3)) pursuant to the prescription, order, or
recommendation (as applicable) of a physician or other health
care professional qualified to make such prescription, order,
or recommendation.''.
(2) Conforming amendment.--Section 2103(a) of the Social
Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1397cc(a)) is amended, in the matter
preceding paragraph (1), by striking ''and (7)'' and inserting
''(7), (9), and (10)''.
(3) Effective date.--
(A) In general.--Subject to subparagraph (B), the
amendments made by this subsection shall take effect on
the date that is 1 year after the date of the enactment
of this Act.
(B) Exception to effective date if state
legislation required.--In the case of a State child
health plan for child health assistance under title XXI
of the Social Security Act which the Secretary of
Health and Human Services determines requires State
legislation (other than legislation appropriating
funds) in order for the plan to meet the additional
requirements imposed by the amendments made by this
subsection, the State child health plan shall not be
regarded as failing to comply with the requirements of
such title solely on the basis of its failure to meet
this additional requirement before the first day of the
first calendar quarter beginning after the close of the
first regular session of the State legislature that
begins after the date of the enactment of this Act. For
purposes of the previous sentence, in the case of a
State that has a 2-year legislative session, each year
of such session shall be deemed to be a separate
regular session of the State legislature.
(d) Modification of Diseases and Conditions Covered Under TRICARE
Program.--Section 1077(h)(3) of title 10, United States Code, is
amended--
(1) in subparagraph (D), by striking ''and'';
(2) by redesignating subparagraph (E) as subparagraph (F);
and
(3) by inserting after subparagraph (D) the following:
''(E) Immunoglobulin E or non-Immunoglobulin E mediated
allergies to food proteins.''.
(e) Coverage Under FEHBP.--
(1) In general.--Section 8902 of title 5, United States
Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
''(p) A contract for a plan under this chapter shall require the
carrier to provide coverage for--
''(1) medically necessary food (as defined in section
1861(jjj) of the Social Security Act) and the medical equipment
and supplies necessary to administer such food; and
''(2) medically necessary vitamins in the same manner
provided for under section 1860D-2(e)(1)(C) of the Social
Security Act.''.
(2) Effective date.--The amendment made by paragraph (1)
shall apply with respect to contract years beginning on or
after the date that is 1 year after the date of enactment of
this Act.
(f) Coverage Under Private Health Insurance.--
(1) In general.--Subpart II of part A of title XXVII of the
Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 300gg-11 et seq.) is
amended by adding at the end the following:

''SEC. 2729. COVERAGE OF MEDICALLY NECESSARY FOOD AND VITAMINS.

''A health insurance issuer offering group or individual health
insurance coverage shall provide coverage for--
''(1) medically necessary food (as defined in section
1861(jjj) of the Social Security Act) and the medical equipment
and supplies necessary to administer such food; and
''(2) medically necessary vitamins in the same manner
provided for under section 1860D-2(e)(1)(C) of the Social
Security Act.''.
(2) Effective date.--The amendment made by paragraph (1)
shall apply to plan years beginning on or after the date that
is 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act.

SOLUTION: Medical Nutrition Equity Act of 2017 This bill provides for coverage, under Medicare, Medicaid, other specified federal health-care programs, and private health insurance,of foods and vitamins that are medically necessary for the management ofcertain digestive and metabolic disordersand conditions.

PROBLEM: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Mandatory Foreclosure Mediation
Act''.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

In this Act, the following definitions shall apply:
(1) Alternative to foreclosure.--The term ''alternative to
foreclosure''--
(A) means a course of action with respect to a
mortgage offered by a servicer to a borrower as an
alternative to a covered foreclosure action; and
(B) includes a short sale and a deed in lieu of
foreclosure.
(2) Borrower.--The term ''borrower'' means a mortgagor
under a mortgage who is in default or at risk of imminent
default, as determined by the Secretary through regulations.
(3) Foreclosure action.--The term ''foreclosure action''
means a judicial or nonjudicial foreclosure.
(4) Loan modification program.--The term ''loan
modification program'' means a program or procedure designed to
change the terms of a mortgage in the case of the default,
delinquency, or imminent default or delinquency of a mortgagor,
including a loan modification program established by a servicer
that reduces the principal owed by the mortgagor on the
mortgage.
(5) Mortgage.--The term ''mortgage'' means a federally
related mortgage loan, as defined in section 3(1) of the Real
Estate Settlement Procedures Act of 1974 (12 U.S.C. 2602(1)),
that is secured by a first or subordinate lien on residential
real property.
(6) Secretary.--The term ''Secretary'' means the Secretary
of Housing and Urban Development.
(7) Servicer.--The term ''servicer''--
(A) has the same meaning as in section 6(i) of the
Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act of 1974 (12
U.S.C. 2605(i)); and
(B) includes a person responsible for servicing a
pool of mortgages.

SEC. 3. MEDIATION REQUIRED BEFORE FORECLOSURE.

(a) Initiation of Foreclosure Actions.--A servicer may not initiate
a foreclosure action against a borrower unless the servicer has--
(1) made a reasonable effort to initiate mediation
proceedings in accordance with the process established in
regulations prescribed pursuant to subsection (c) to determine
whether the borrower is eligible for a loan modification or an
alternative to foreclosure; and
(2) offered the borrower a loan modification or an
alternative to foreclosure, if the borrower is eligible for the
loan modification or alternative to foreclosure.
(b) Suspension of Foreclosure Actions.--
(1) In general.--A servicer shall suspend a foreclosure
action that was initiated before the date of enactment of this
Act until the servicer--
(A) completes a mediation proceeding in accordance
with the process established in regulations prescribed
pursuant to subsection (c) to determine whether the
borrower is eligible for a loan modification or an
alternative to foreclosure; and
(B) offers the borrower a loan modification or an
alternative to foreclosure, if the borrower is eligible
for a loan modification or an alternative to
foreclosure.
(2) Suspension.--During the period of the suspension under
paragraph (1), a servicer may not--
(A) send a notice of foreclosure to a borrower;
(B) conduct or schedule a sale of the real property
securing the mortgage of the borrower; or
(C) cause final judgment to be entered against the
borrower.
(3) Reasonable efforts.--A servicer is not required to
suspend a foreclosure action under paragraph (1) if the
servicer--
(A) makes a reasonable effort to schedule a
mediation proceeding to determine whether the borrower
is eligible for a loan modification or an alternative
to foreclosure; and
(B) documents that the borrower has not agreed to a
mediation proceeding to determine whether the borrower
is eligible for a loan modification or an alternative
to foreclosure.
(4) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this section may be
construed to require a servicer to delay an unavoidable
foreclosure, such as foreclosure that results from a borrower
abandoning the residential real property securing a mortgage.
(c) Establishment of Mediation Process.--The Secretary shall
establish through regulations a mediation process to determine whether
the borrower is eligible for a loan modification or an alternative to
foreclosure under this section.

SEC. 4. BAR TO FORECLOSURE ACTIONS.

(a) In General.--Subject to subsection (b), a violation of this Act
shall be a bar to a foreclosure action.
(b) Effect of Subsequent Compliance.--If a servicer is in
compliance with this Act, the servicer may bring or proceed with a
foreclosure action, without regard to a prior violation of this Act by
the servicer.

SEC. 5. REGULATIONS.

Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the
Secretary shall issue regulations to carry out this Act.

SEC. 6. REPORT.

Each servicer that initiates mediation proceedings under section 3
shall submit to the Secretary a quarterly report at such time, in such
manner, and containing such information, with respect to such
proceedings, as the Secretary may require.

SOLUTION: Mandatory Foreclosure Mediation Act - Prohibits a servicer from initiating a foreclosure action against a borrower unless the servicer has: (1) made a reasonable effort to initiate mediation proceedings to determine if the borrower is eligible for a loan modification or an alternative to foreclosure; and (2) offered the borrower, if eligible, such a modification or alternative.

Requires a servicer to suspend a foreclosure action initiated before the enactment of this Act until the servicer: (1) completes such a mediation proceeding; and (2) offers the borrower, if eligible, a modification or alternative.

Prohibits a servicer, during the suspension period, from: (1) sending the borrower a notice of foreclosure, (2) conducting or scheduling a sale of the real property securing the mortgage, or (3) causing final judgment to be entered against the borrower.

Directs the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) to establish such a mediation process.

Declares that a servicer is not required to suspend a foreclosure action if the servicer makes a reasonable effort to schedule a mediation proceeding and documents that the borrower has not agreed to one.

Makes a violation of this Act a bar to a foreclosure action. Allows a servicer in compliance with this Act, however, to bring or proceed with a foreclosure action, regardless of any prior violation.

PROBLEM: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Hate Crimes Prevention Act of
2001''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

Congress finds that--
(1) the incidence of violence motivated by the actual or
perceived race, color, national origin, religion, sexual
orientation, gender, or disability of the victim poses a
serious national problem;
(2) such violence disrupts the tranquility and safety of
communities and is deeply divisive;
(3) existing Federal law is inadequate to address this
problem;
(4) such violence affects interstate commerce in many ways,
including--
(A) by impeding the movement of members of targeted
groups and forcing such members to move across State
lines to escape the incidence or risk of such violence;
and
(B) by preventing members of targeted groups from
purchasing goods and services, obtaining or sustaining
employment or participating in other commercial
activity;
(5) perpetrators cross State lines to commit such violence;
(6) instrumentalities of interstate commerce are used to
facilitate the commission of such violence;
(7) such violence is committed using articles that have
traveled in interstate commerce;
(8) violence motivated by bias that is a relic of slavery
can constitute badges and incidents of slavery;
(9) although many local jurisdictions have attempted to
respond to the challenges posed by such violence, the problem
is sufficiently serious, widespread, and interstate in scope to
warrant Federal intervention to assist such jurisdictions; and
(10) many States have no laws addressing violence based on
the actual or perceived race, color, national origin, religion,
sexual orientation, gender, or disability, of the victim, while
other States have laws that provide only limited protection.

SEC. 3. DEFINITION OF HATE CRIME.

In this Act, the term ''hate crime'' has the same meaning as in
section 280003(a) of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act
of 1994 (28 U.S.C. 994 note).

SEC. 4. PROHIBITION OF CERTAIN ACTS OF VIOLENCE.

Section 245 of title 18, United States Code, is amended--
(1) by redesignating subsections (c) and (d) as subsections
(d) and (e), respectively; and
(2) by inserting after subsection (b) the following:
''(c)(1) Whoever, whether or not acting under color of law,
willfully causes bodily injury to any person or, through the use of
fire, a firearm, or an explosive device, attempts to cause bodily
injury to any person, because of the actual or perceived race, color,
religion, or national origin of any person--
''(A) shall be imprisoned not more than 10 years, or fined
in accordance with this title, or both; and
''(B) shall be imprisoned for any term of years or for
life, or fined in accordance with this title, or both if--
''(i) death results from the acts committed in
violation of this paragraph; or
''(ii) the acts committed in violation of this
paragraph include kidnapping or an attempt to kidnap,
aggravated sexual abuse or an attempt to commit
aggravated sexual abuse, or an attempt to kill.
''(2)(A) Whoever, whether or not acting under color of law, in any
circumstance described in subparagraph (B), willfully causes bodily
injury to any person or, through the use of fire, a firearm, or an
explosive device, attempts to cause bodily injury to any person,
because of the actual or perceived religion, gender, sexual
orientation, or disability of any person--
''(i) shall be imprisoned not more than 10 years, or fined
in accordance with this title, or both; and
''(ii) shall be imprisoned for any term of years or for
life, or fined in accordance with this title, or both, if--
''(I) death results from the acts committed in
violation of this paragraph; or
''(II) the acts committed in violation of this
paragraph include kidnapping or an attempt to kidnap,
aggravated sexual abuse or an attempt to commit
aggravated sexual abuse, or an attempt to kill.
''(B) For purposes of subparagraph (A), the circumstances described
in this subparagraph are that--
''(i) in connection with the offense, the defendant or the
victim travels in interstate or foreign commerce, uses a
facility or instrumentality of interstate or foreign commerce,
or engages in any activity affecting interstate or foreign
commerce; or
''(ii) the offense is in or affects interstate or foreign
commerce.''.

SEC. 5. DUTIES OF FEDERAL SENTENCING COMMISSION.

(a) Amendment of Federal Sentencing Guidelines.--Pursuant to its
authority under section 994 of title 28, United States Code, the United
States Sentencing Commission shall study the issue of adult recruitment
of juveniles to commit hate crimes and shall, if appropriate, amend the
Federal sentencing guidelines to provide sentencing enhancements (in
addition to the sentencing enhancement provided for the use of a minor
during the commission of an offense) for adult defendants who recruit
juveniles to assist in the commission of hate crimes.
(b) Consistency With Other Guidelines.--In carrying out this
section, the United States Sentencing Commission shall--
(1) ensure that there is reasonable consistency with other
Federal sentencing guidelines; and
(2) avoid duplicative punishments for substantially the
same offense.

SEC. 6. GRANT PROGRAM.

(a) Authority To Make Grants.--The Administrator of the Office of
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention of the Department of
Justice shall make grants, in accordance with such regulations as the
Attorney General may prescribe, to State and local programs designed to
combat hate crimes committed by juveniles.
(b) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be
appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out this section.

SEC. 7. AUTHORIZATION FOR ADDITIONAL PERSONNEL TO ASSIST STATE AND
LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT.

There are authorized to be appropriated to the Department of the
Treasury and the Department of Justice, including the Community
Relations Service, for fiscal years 1998, 1999, and 2000 such sums as
are necessary to increase the number of personnel to prevent and
respond to alleged violations of section 245 of title 18, United States
Code (as amended by this Act).

SOLUTION:
Hate Crimes Prevention Act of 2001 - Amends the Federal criminal code to set penalties for willfully causing bodily injury to any person or, through the use of fire, a firearm, or an explosive device, attempting to cause such injury, whether or not acting under color of law, because of the actual or perceived race, color, religion, national origin, gender, sexual orientation, or disability of any person, where the offense is in or affects interstate or foreign commerce.Directs the United States Sentencing Commission to study the issue of adult recruitment of juveniles to commit hate crimes and, if appropriate, to amend the Federal sentencing guidelines to provide sentencing enhancements for such an offense.Requires the Administrator of the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention of the Department of Justice (DOJ) to make grants to State and local programs designed to combat hate crimes committed by juveniles.Authorizes appropriations to the Department of the Treasury and to DOJ to increase the number of personnel to prevent and respond to alleged violations of provisions regarding interference with specified federally protected activities, such as voting.