Sentence 1: Literacy rates are merely an index of education, which itself is another way of talking about a global move away from a hand-to-mouth lifestyle.

Sentence 2: Literacy rates are just an index of education which is a way of talking about a move from a hand-to-mouth lifestyle.
Is this second sentence entailed by the first?

Answer: yes

Sentence 1: The approach used to create inventories was the same as that used for the Heavy-Duty Engine (HDE) Rulemaking analysis (US EPA, 2000d) with modifications to reflect emission and modeling advances since that analysis.

Sentence 2: The process used to make HDE rules was the one used, with changes to customize the study.
Is this second sentence entailed by the first?

Answer: yes

Sentence 1: Pub, restaurant.

Sentence 2: No businesses.
Is this second sentence entailed by the first?

Answer:
no