Definition: In this task, you will be shown a prompt from a judicial decision and multiple holding statements derived from citations following text in a legal decision. Holdings represent the governing legal rule when the law is applied to a particular set of facts. There are five answer choices for each citing text. The correct answer is the holding statement that corresponds to the citing text. The four incorrect answers are other holding statements. You should find the correct option. There is a <HOLDING> token in the position of the citing text prompt where the holding statement was extracted.
Input: loss of hearing was caused by exposure to the horn blasts (Danziger Aff. 19), he has not presented an analysis of the levels of noise exposure experienced by plaintiff, except to note that even noise found to be permissible under OSHA regulations might still cause injury. {Id. 16). The problem is that in the absence of any evidence as to the noise levels actually experienced by Mr. Tufar-iello, it is impossible for anyone to o railroad safety are concerned, courts have held that the failure to present expert testimony on those issues meant that the plaintiff had failed to establish a prima facie case. See, e.g., In re Amtrak "Sunset Ltd. " Train Crash, 188 F.Supp.2d at 1347; see also Simpson v. Northeast Illinois Regional Commuter Railroad Corp., 957 F.Supp. 136, 138 (N.D.Ill.1997) (<HOLDING>); Turner v. Norfolk & Western Ry. Co., 785
Holding statements: (A) holding the connection is an element (B) holding that there must be a causal connection between the advertising activity and the injury alleged in the underlying complaint (C) holding that expert testimony usually is necessary to establish a causal connection between an injury and its source unless the connection is a kind that would be obvious to laymen such as a broken leg from being struck by an automobile (D) holding that to show a causal connection the plaintiff must demonstrate a relationship between the misconduct and the plaintiffs injury (E) holding that there must be some causal connection between the accident and the automobile allegedly involved for coverage to exist
Output:
(C)