Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Crystallization separates mixtures based on differences in solubility, a measure of how much solid substance remains dissolved in a given amount of a specified liquid. Most substances are more soluble at higher temperatures, so a mixture of two or more substances can be dissolved at an elevated temperature and then allowed to cool slowly. Alternatively, the liquid, called the solvent, may be allowed to evaporate. In either case, the least soluble of the dissolved substances, the one that is least likely to remain in solution, usually forms crystals first, and these crystals can be removed from the remaining solution by filtration. Figure 1.9 "The Crystallization of Sodium Acetate from a Concentrated Solution of Sodium Acetate in Water" dramatically illustrates the process of crystallization. Most mixtures can be separated into pure substances, which may be either elements or compounds. An element, such as gray, metallic sodium, is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler ones by chemical changes; a compound, such as white, crystalline sodium chloride, contains two or more elements and has chemical and physical properties that are usually different from those of the elements of which it is composed. With only a few exceptions, a particular compound has the same elemental composition (the same elements in the same proportions) regardless of its source or history. The chemical composition of a substance is altered in a process called achemical change. The conversion of two or more elements, such as sodium and chlorine, to a chemical compound, sodium chloride, is an example of a chemical change, often called a chemical reaction. Currently, about 115 elements are known, but millions of chemical compounds have been prepared from these 115 elements. The known elements are listed in the periodic table (see Chapter 32 "Appendix H: Periodic Table of Elements"). In general, a reverse chemical process breaks down compounds into their elements. For example, water (a compound) can be decomposed into hydrogen and... Q: Crystallization separates mixtures based on differences in what, which usually increases with temperature? A:

OPTIONS:
- density
- viscosity
- humidity
- solubility

A: solubility

input: OPTIONS:
- dessication
- gravity
- implementation
- evolution Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: All of these animal behaviors are important. They help the animals get food for energy, make sure their young survive, or ensure that they, themselves, survive. Behaviors that help animals or their young survive, increase the animals' fitness. Animals with higher fitness have a better chance of passing their genes on to the next generation. If genes control behaviors that increase fitness, the behaviors become more common in the species. This occurs through the process of evolution by natural selection. Q: Fitness and natural selection are parts of what theory that might describe how organisms change over time? A:
A:
output: evolution

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Influenza virus is packaged in a viral envelope, which fuses with the plasma membrane. This way, the virus can exit the host cell without killing it. What advantage does the virus gain by keeping the host cell alive?. Q: Influenza virus is packaged in a viral envelope, which fuses with the what? A:

OPTIONS:
- nucleus
- cell wall
- bacteria
- plasma membrane

Answer: plasma membrane

Problem: OPTIONS:
- retractable
- artificial
- fixed
- movable
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Joints may be immovable, partly movable, or movable. Types of movable joints include ball-and-socket, hinge, and pivot joints. Q: What type of joint are ball-and-socket, hinge, and pivot examples of? A:
Answer: movable

Problem:OPTIONS:
- visible light
- X-rays
- UV light
- infrared light

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Light with the longest wavelengths is called infrared light . The term infrared means "below red. " Infrared light is the range of light waves that have longer wavelengths and lower frequencies than red light in the visible range of light waves. The sun gives off infrared light as do flames and living things. You can't see infrared light waves, but you can feel them as heat. But infrared cameras and night vision goggles can detect infrared light waves and convert them to visible images. For a deeper understanding of infrared light, watch the video at this URL: http://www. youtube. com/watch?v=2--0q0XlQJ0 . Q: Light with the longest wavelengths is called what? A:
****
A: infrared light

Problem:OPTIONS:
- introductory
- combination
- molecular
- evolutionary

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Group selection A proposed alternative to inclusive fitness (sometimes known as kin selection) is the concept of group selection. In this type of evolutionary scenario, small groups of organisms of the same species are effectively acting as single (perhaps colonial) organisms. It is the reproductive success of the group (rather than individuals within the group), compared to other groups of the organism that is the basis of selection. Groups that display cooperative and altruistic traits have a selective advantage over groups that do not. Again, the mathematical analysis is similar (and it has been claimed that mathematically group and kin selection are equivalent).169 The costs of a trait must be offset by the benefits, but now the key factor is membership in a particular group (and typically, members of a group tend to be related to one another). The life cycle of the bacterium Myxococcus xanthus provides an example of this type of behavior. When environmental conditions are harsh, the cells aggregate into dense, 100 m diameter, "fruiting bodies", each containing ~100,000 stress resistant spores. When the environment improves, and prey becomes available, the spores are released en mass and return to active life. They move and feed in a cooperative manner through the release of digestive enzymes, which because they are acting in a quorum mode, can reach high levels.170 A well-coordinated group is expected to have a significant reproductive advantage over more anarchic collection of individuals. Q: An alternative to inclusive fitness is group selection, a type of what scenario where small groups of organisms of the same species are effectively acting as single (perhaps colonial) organisms? A:
****
A:
evolutionary