Answer the following question given this paragraph: No, not all birds can fly. And not all birds have wings. This penguin is a good example. Their wings have evolved into flippers, adapted for swimming instead of flying. The kiwi of New Zealand is another bird without wings. Q: What is caused by atoms or ions when they share or transfer valance electrons? A:
OPTIONS:
- loss of charge
- gain of charge
- force of repulsion
- force of attraction

Answer: force of attraction

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: A mutation may have no effect. However, sometimes a mutation can cause a protein to be made incorrectly. A defect in the protein can affect how well the protein works, or whether it works at all. Usually the loss of a protein function is detrimental to the organism. Q: What phenomenon can cause a protein in an organism to be made incorrectly? A:
OPTIONS:
- evolution
- heredity
- allele
- mutation
Answer: mutation

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: What flows across the membrane resulting in changes in the membrane potential? A:
OPTIONS:
- electrons
- acids
- neutrons
- ions
output: ions

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere absorb heat. This is called the greenhouse effect and it makes the planet warmer. Human actions have increased the greenhouse effect. Q: What has increased the greenhouse effect? A:

OPTIONS:
- ozone depletion
- temperature changes
- climate change
- human actions

A: human actions

input: OPTIONS:
- biology
- variability
- obesity
- heredity Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Introduction Genetics is the study of heredity. Johann Gregor Mendel set the framework for genetics long before chromosomes or genes had been identified, at a time when meiosis was not well understood. Mendel selected a simple biological system and conducted methodical, quantitative analyses using large sample sizes. Because of Mendel's work, the fundamental principles of heredity were revealed. We now know that genes, carried on chromosomes, are the basic functional units of heredity with the ability to be replicated, expressed, or mutated. Today, the postulates put forth by Mendel form the basis of classical, or Mendelian, genetics. Not all genes are transmitted from parents to offspring according to Mendelian genetics, but Mendel's experiments serve as an excellent starting point for thinking about inheritance. Q: Introduction genetics is the study of what? A:
A:
output: heredity

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: 5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin Accessory structures of the skin include hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands. Hair is made of dead keratinized cells, and gets its color from melanin pigments. Nails, also made of dead keratinized cells, protect the extremities of our. Q: What does hair get its color from? A:
OPTIONS:
- elasticity pigments
- stimulating pigments
- fluorescent pigments
- melanin pigments
Answer:
melanin pigments