Given a context passage, generate a question from the passage such that its answer is shortest continous span from the passage.

Input: Consider Input: An 11-day embryonic Swiss Webster/NIH mouse cDNA library was screened with a partial murine selenoprotein P cDNA probe and a murine selenoprotein-P-type cDNA clone of 2075 bp length was obtained. The clone contained a 5'-leader sequence of 132 bp length, the selenoprotein P coding frame, and 803 base pairs in the 3' untranslated region. Alignment and RNA folding studies revealed the presence of two well conserved selenocysteine inserting motifs in the 3' flanking region. The deduced polypeptide sequence comprises 380 residues including ten selenocysteines. Identical amino acid residues in homologous positions are 86%, 71%, and 64% when compared to the previously reported selenoprotein P sequences of rat, man, and cattle, respectively. The comparatively low similarity between the selenoprotein P sequences reported so far leaves open the question whether they belong to the same molecular clade.

Output: Which is the human selenoprotein that contains several Se-Cys residues?

Input: Consider Input: In cancer research, background models for mutation rates have been extensively calibrated in coding regions, leading to the identification of many driver genes, recurrently mutated more than expected. Noncoding regions are also associated with disease; however, background models for them have not been investigated in as much detail. This is partially due to limited noncoding functional annotation. Also, great mutation heterogeneity and potential correlations between neighboring sites give rise to substantial overdispersion in mutation count, resulting in problematic background rate estimation. Here, we address these issues with a new computational framework called LARVA. It integrates variants with a comprehensive set of noncoding functional elements, modeling the mutation counts of the elements with a -binomial distribution to handle overdispersion. LARVA, moreover, uses regional genomic features such as replication timing to better estimate local mutation rates and mutational hotspots. We demonstrate LARVA's effectiveness on 760 whole-genome tumor sequences, showing that it identifies well-known noncoding drivers, such as mutations in the TERT promoter. Furthermore, LARVA highlights several novel highly mutated regulatory sites that could potentially be noncoding drivers. We make LARVA available as a software tool and release our highly mutated annotations as an online resource (larva.gersteinlab.org).

Output: Which tool is used for the identification of recurrent variants in noncoding regions?

Input: Consider Input: Excessive neointima formation often occurs after arterial injury. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a potent pleiotropic cytokine that has been shown to regulate neointimal proliferation. We investigated the effects of the IL-1 modulator gevokizumab in a rat carotid denudation model. Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to balloon denudation of the right carotid artery and were then randomized to receive a single subcutaneous infusion immediately after balloon injury of saline (control group, n=13) or gevokizumab (gevokizumab groups, n=15 in each group: 1, 10 and 50mg/kg). We evaluated the treatment effects on carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) using ultrasonography, on endothelial regrowth using Evans Blue staining and on inflammatory response using histology. We also assessed the effects of IL-1 and gevokizumab on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and rat smooth muscle cells. We found that carotid IMT, in the proximal part of the denuded artery at day 28, was decreased by gevokizumab 1mg/kg compared with controls. Neointima area and the intima/media area ratio were both reduced in the gevokizumab 1 mg/kg-treated group. Gevokizumab at the 1mg/kg dose also improved endothelial regrowth. No effect was observed with gevokizumab 10 or 50mg/kg. Gevokizumab also decreased the inflammatory effect of IL-1 in invitro cell experiments and protected HUVECs from IL-1's deleterious effects on cell migration, apoptosis and proliferation. A single administration of gevokizumab 1mg/kg improves endothelial regrowth and reduces neointima formation in rats following carotid denudation, at least in part through its beneficial effects on endothelial cells.
Output: Which molecule is targeted by the drug Gevokizumab?