Teacher:Given a paragraph and a claim, classify it this way: If the claim contradicts the evidence present in the paragraph, classify the claim as '0'. If the claim has multiple supporting *AND* contradicting evidences, classify the claim as '1'. If the claim has supporting evidence and the paragraph is in overall favor of the claim, then classify the claim as '2'.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Paragraph: While the financial costs of screening mammography & false-positive recalls & biopsies were not included in the study, readers would benefit from being reminded that recall mammography & biopsies increase patient financial costs. This article leads with valuable information for all women over age 40 by stating "Getting screening mammograms every two years instead of annually reduces the chance of a false alarm, a new study shows." Unfortunately the writer doesn't quantify or elaborate adequately on that reduction. Instead, the writer later focuses on how women undergoing screening mammography shouldn't be anxious if they experience a recall because over half of women who have screening mammograms for 10 years will be recalled. Readers would have been better served if the writer had emphasized the significant reduction in both recall mammograms & false-positive biopsies in women who are screened every two years rather than annually. Part of the continuing controversyover screening mammographyfocuses onannual versus biennial screening. Because thisstudy showed a significant reduction in the percentage of those recalled & needing biopsies among women who are screenedevery other year, with nostatistically significant increase in late-stage diagnosis of breast cancer, the article shouldhave emphasized those important findings. The piece states that the researchers noted that "false positive recalls may cause inconvenience & anxiety and biopsies can cause pain and scarring." This article fails to include several important facts about the study. 1) This is a prospective cohort study of women screened between 1994-2006. 2) Most of the mammograms were film rather than digital. 3) Few women underwent screening for the entire 10 year period. 4) Screening mammography recall rates are influenced by the skill of the radiologists who read the mammograms. There was no disease mongering. No independent experts were quoted. The story did an adequate job comparing at a very high level annual screening versus biennial screening. Screening mammography is widely available throughout the United States. The study did not examine a new procedure. There's no evidence that the story relied solely on a news release. Claim: Annual Mammograms May Have More False-Positives
Student:
1