In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

The Kullback-Leibler divergence can be used to rewrite an expression due to this man, which can be proven by Jensens inequality and extended to Fanos inequality. With Marangoni he names an effect arising from surface tension differences, while he also lends his name to the increased error of a Fourier series near a jump discontinuity, and with Duhem names an equation giving a relationship between chemical potential changes. Bakhuis Roozeboom verified a rule named after him which states that the number of chemical components minus the degrees of freedom plus two is the number of phases, his namesake phase rule. For 10 points, name this American scientist, who also has a namesake free energy
Science