Q: The complement system is a series of proteins constitutively found in the what? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: Complement System The complement system is a series of proteins constitutively found in the blood plasma. As such, these proteins are not considered part of the early induced immune response, even though they share features with some of the antibacterial proteins of this class. Made in the liver, they have a variety of functions in the innate immune response, using what is known as the "alternate pathway" of complement activation. Additionally, complement functions in the adaptive immune response as well, in what is called the classical pathway. The complement system consists of several proteins that enzymatically alter and fragment later proteins in a series, which is why it is termed cascade. Once activated, the series of reactions is irreversible, and releases fragments that have the following actions: Bind to the cell membrane of the pathogen that activates it, labeling it for phagocytosis (opsonization) Diffuse away from the pathogen and act as chemotactic agents to attract phagocytic cells to the site of inflammation Form damaging pores in the plasma membrane of the pathogen Figure 21.13 shows the classical pathway, which requires antibodies of the adaptive immune response. The alternate pathway does not require an antibody to become activated. Choices: - nucleus - organs - platelets - blood plasma A:
blood plasma
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Q: How do the male gorillas show display behaviors? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: In many species display behaviors, rather than actual physical attacks, are used to show aggression. This helps prevent injury and death. Male gorillas, for example, are more likely to put on a display of aggression than to attack another male. In fact, gorillas have a whole series of display behaviors that they use to show aggression. They beat on their chest, dash back and forth, and pound the ground with their hands. Choices: - food gathering - vocalization - spontaneous mutation - showing aggression A:
showing aggression
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Q: An ammeter must be connected in series with what to allow it to accurately measure the current flow without causing any disruptions? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: An ammeter measures the current traveling through the circuit. They are designed to be connected to the circuit in series, and have an extremely low resistance. If an ammeter were connected in parallel, all of the current would go through the ammeter and very little through any other resistor. As such, it is necessary for the ammeter to be connected in series with the resistors. This allows the ammeter to accurately measure the current flow without causing any disruptions. In the circuit sketched above, the ammeter is . Choices: - insulators - configurations - capacitors - resistors A:
resistors
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Q: What is the leading cause of death in the united states? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: Cardiologist Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. This is primarily due to our sedentary lifestyle and our high trans-fat diets. Heart failure is just one of many disabling heart conditions. Heart failure does not mean that the heart has stopped working. Rather, it means that the heart can't pump with sufficient force to transport oxygenated blood to all the vital organs. Left untreated, heart failure can lead to kidney failure and failure of other organs. The wall of the heart is composed of cardiac muscle tissue. Heart failure occurs when the endoplasmic reticula of cardiac muscle cells do not function properly. As a result, an insufficient number of calcium ions are available to trigger a sufficient contractile force. Cardiologists (cardi- = "heart"; -ologist = "one who studies") are doctors who specialize in treating heart diseases, including heart failure. Cardiologists can make a diagnosis of heart failure via physical examination, results from an electrocardiogram (ECG, a test that measures the electrical activity of the heart), a chest X-ray to see whether the heart is enlarged, and other tests. If heart failure is diagnosed, the cardiologist will typically prescribe appropriate medications and recommend a reduction in table salt intake and a supervised exercise program. Choices: - suicide - automobile accidents - lung cancer - heart disease A:
heart disease
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