Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: 3.1 | Synthesis of Biological Macromolecules By the end of this section, you will be able to: Understand the synthesis of macromolecules Explain dehydration (or condensation) and hydrolysis reactions As you've learned, biological macromolecules are large molecules, necessary for life, that are built from smaller organic molecules. There are four major classes of biological macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids); each is an important cell component and performs a wide array of functions. Combined, these molecules make up the majority of a cell's dry mass (recall that water makes up the majority of its complete mass). Biological macromolecules are organic, meaning they contain carbon. In addition, they may contain hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and additional minor elements. Q: The four major classes of biological macromolecules include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and what else? A:

OPTIONS:
- liquids
- fats
- structural acids
- nucleic acids

A: nucleic acids

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Most reptiles have sexual reproduction with internal fertilization. Reptiles have a body cavity called a cloaca that is involved in reproduction. Sperm or eggs are released into an adult reptile's cloaca. Males have one or two penises that pass sperm from their cloaca to the eggs in the cloaca of a female, where fertilization takes place. In most reptile species, once fertilized the eggs leave the body through an opening in the cloaca. These reptiles are oviparous. Eggs develop and hatch outside the mother's body. Q: What is the body cavity that reptiles have that is involved in reproduction? A:

OPTIONS:
- hypothalamus
- pristil
- ovules
- cloaca

A: cloaca

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: polar, while others are strongly polar. Ionic bonds can be considered the ultimate in polarity, with electrons being transferred rather than shared. To judge the relative polarity of a covalent bond, chemists use electronegativity, which is a relative measure of how strongly an atom attracts electrons when it forms a covalent bond. There are various numerical scales for rating electronegativity. Figure 4.4 "Electronegativities of Various Elements" shows one of the most popularthe Pauling scale. The polarity of a covalent bond can be judged by determining the difference in the electronegativities of the two atoms making the bond. The greater the difference in electronegativities, the greater the imbalance of electron sharing in the bond. Although there are no hard and fast rules, the general rule is if the difference in electronegativities is less than about 0.4, the bond is considered nonpolar; if the difference is greater than 0.4, the bond is considered polar. If the difference in electronegativities is large enough (generally greater than about 1.8), the resulting compound is considered ionic rather than covalent. An electronegativity difference of zero, of course, indicates a nonpolar covalent bond. Q: What kind of bonds, where electrons are transferred rather than shared, are considered the ultimate in polarity? A:

OPTIONS:
- covalent bonds
- soluble bonds
- magnetic bonds
- ionic bonds

A: ionic bonds

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Today most people realize that microorganisms, such as bacteria or viruses, are the cause of disease. This concept is known as the germ theory of disease, one of the few scientific theories in the field of the life sciences. Although it seems obvious now, people did not always understand the cause of disease. How does a theory such as this become established?. Q: What are the two most common causes of diseases? A:

OPTIONS:
- bacteria and protazoa
- viruses and protazoa
- nutritional deficiencies
- bacteria and viruses

A:
bacteria and viruses