TASK DEFINITION: Given an abstract, generate a keyword (a noun phrase) that best describes the focus or contribution of the paper. Such keywords can be directly from the given abstract or outside it.
PROBLEM: Abstract: Computed tomography measurements of tibial torsion were evaluated in 85 patients with medial-type osteoarthritic knees and in 24 normal adults. Although there were no differences in the degrees of femoral torsion or knee joint rotation, external tibial torsion was observed to have a mean value of 11.3 degrees, significantly smaller than the 23.5 degrees observed in the normal adults (p less than 0.01). The more advanced the osteoarthritic stage, the greater was the reduction in external tibial torsion. Reduction of external torsion of the tibia was most severe at the proximal tibial metaphysis.

SOLUTION: Adult

PROBLEM: Abstract: A patient who presented with multiple episodes of subarachnoid hemorrhage was diagnosed as having a large mid-basilar artery aneurysm that had no definable surgical neck. Balloon embolization was performed utilizing two detachable silicone balloons to occlude the mid-basilar artery and the aneurysm. The procedure was carried out with the patient fully awake and alert. One day after the procedure, the patient developed pontine and cerebellar ischemia which completely resolved after 5 days on heparin therapy. A follow-up angiogram performed immediately after the procedure and at 3 months demonstrated complete occlusion of the mid-basilar artery and the aneurysm. The patient was intact neurologically upon discharge 5 days after the embolization procedure and has since resumed his normal activities. Balloon embolization therapy may offer some advantages over surgical methods for the treatment of such therapeutically challenging aneurysms.

SOLUTION: Adult

PROBLEM: Abstract: The authors report a case of cervical chondroma presenting with a syndrome of spinal cord compression in a 76-year-old woman. Total surgical removal of the lesion was followed by partial neurological recovery. Chondromas of the vertebral column are rarely reported in the literature.

SOLUTION:
Aged