(Question)
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Quantum-mechanical calculations suggest why the observed bond angles in H2O differ from those predicted by the overlap of the 1s orbital of the hydrogen atoms with the 2p orbitals of the oxygen atom. The mathematical expression known as the wave function, , contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals, LCAO, (a technique that we will encounter again later). The new orbitals that result are called hybrid orbitals. The valence orbitals in an isolated oxygen atom are a 2s orbital and three 2p orbitals. The valence orbitals in an oxygen atom in a water molecule differ; they consist of four equivalent hybrid orbitals that point approximately toward the corners of a tetrahedron (Figure 8.7). Consequently, the overlap of the O and H orbitals should result in a tetrahedral bond angle (109.5). The observed angle of 104.5 is experimental evidence for which quantummechanical calculations give a useful explanation: Valence bond theory must include a hybridization component to give accurate predictions. Note that orbitals may sometimes be drawn in an elongated "balloon" shape rather than in a more realistic "plump" shape in order to make the geometry easier to visualize. Q: This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called what? Choices: - assimilation - hydration - activation - hybridization A:
(Answer)
hybridization

(Question)
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The reproductive system in both males and females consists of structures that produce reproductive cells, or gametes, and secrete sex hormones. A gamete is a haploid cell that combines with another haploid gamete during fertilization. Sex hormones are chemical messengers that control sexual development and reproduction. The male reproductive system consists of structures that produce male gametes called sperm and secrete the male sex hormone testosterone. Q: What system in both males and females consists of structures that produce reproductive cells, or gametes, and secrete sex hormone? Choices: - circulatory system - immune system - digestion - reproductive A:
(Answer)
reproductive

(Question)
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Aggressive behavior often occurs when individuals compete for the same resources. Animals may compete for territory, water, food, or mates. There are two basic types of competition: intraspecific and interspecific. Q: What are the two basic types of competition called? Choices: - exploitative and beneficial - weak and strong - interference and interaction - instraspecifc and interspecific A:
(Answer)
instraspecifc and interspecific