Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

It is still uncertain whether or not there is a difference between metoprolol and carvedilol for the treatment of congestive heart failure. We attempted to determine the difference between the two beta-blockers in terms of their antiadrenergic effect during exercise in patients with heart failure and their efficacy based on the baseline plasma brain natriuretic peptide concentration.', 'Fifty-three patients with mild to moderate heart failure with a radionuclide left ventricular ejection fraction <40% received open label metoprolol or carvedilol in a randomized fashion. The increase in the heart rate normalized to the increase in the plasma norepinephrine concentration during exercise, was calculated as an index of adrenergic responsiveness during exercise.', 'The increase in heart rate normalized by the increase in plasma norepinephrine concentration, decreased after the initiation of beta-blockers in the carvedilol group, but not in the metoprolol group. The change in cardiac function was more favorable for carvedilol than metoprolol in patients who exhibited a higher baseline brain natriuretic peptide concentration.
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The aim of the current study was to characterize -cell function, insulin sensitivity and line of inheritance in patients with recent-onset type 2 diabetes of Yemenite and non-Yemenite Jewish origin.', 'A cohort study including 121 GAD negative diabetic patients, 59 of Yemenite and 62 of non-Yemenite origin, treated by dietoral antihyperglycemic monotherapy who underwent 180-min meal tolerance test (MMT). Based on MMT, indexes of insulin resistance and secretion were calculated.', 'There were no significant differences in age, sex, diabetes duration, BMI, HbA1c and lipid profile. A significant difference was found in family history of diabetes: 63% of patients of Yemenite origin had maternal inheritance versus 35% in the non-Yemenite origin (p<0.001). Both indexes of -cell function, the insulinogenic and the disposition indexes were significantly lower in patients of Yemenite origin compared with non-Yemenite origin (0.660.4 vs. 0.930.8, p=0.04; 2.31.8 vs. 3.33.3, p=0.04, respectively) with no difference in insulin sensitivity. When females and males were analyzed separately, the difference in maternal inheritance remained significant in both, but the difference in -cell function indexes was observed only in males (p=0.03, p=0.01, respectively).
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Gene therapy is a new method used to induce cancer cell differentiation. Our group previously showed that transfection of the gef gene from Escherichia coli, related to cell-killing functions, may be a novel candidate for cancer gene therapy. Its expression leads to cell cycle arrest unrelated to the triggering of apoptosis in MS-36 melanoma cells.', 'To determine the basis of the antiproliferative effect of the gef gene in this cell line.', 'Transmission electron microscopy, apoptosis analysis by confocal microscopy, flow cytometry and immunocytochemical analysis were used.', 'Ultrastructural analysis showed a strikingly different morphology after treatment with dexamethasone and expression of the gef gene, with large accumulations of pigment throughout the cell cytoplasm and presence of melanosomes in different stages of development. High mitochondrial turnover and myeloid bodies, characteristics of neurone cells, were also observed. In addition, both immunocytochemical and indirect immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated a significant decrease in HMB-45, Ki-67 and CD44 antigen expression and an increase in S100 and p53 expression in gef gene-transfected MS-36 melanoma cells that were correlated with the duration of dexamethasone treatment. In the present work, we report that gef gene not only reduces cell proliferation in transfected melanoma MS-36TG cell line but also induces morphological changes clearly indicative of melanoma cell differentiation and a reduction in tumour malignancy.
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