instruction:
Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
question:
Context: The gap between the tendon stumps in chronic Achilles tendon rupture has reportedly been filled with interposed scar tissue. In the authors' clinical experience, this interposed tissue is often thick and resists tension, so they considered it was possible to use the interposed tissue for reconstruction of Achilles tendon rupture.", 'Scar tissue interposed between the tendon stumps has the capacity to form tendon-like repair tissue in patients with chronic Achilles tendon rupture.', 'Case series; Level of evidence, 4.', 'Six patients with chronic rupture of the Achilles tendon underwent tendon reconstruction with the use of interposed tissue between the stumps. The average time from the primary injury to surgery was 22 weeks (range, 9 to 30 weeks). Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), histology of the interposed tissue, and clinical results were evaluated. The average postoperative follow-up period was 31 months (range, 24 to 43 months).', 'Preoperative T2-weighted MRI in all cases revealed that chronically ruptured Achilles tendons were thickened and fusiform-shaped with diffuse intratendinous high-signal alterations throughout. Longitudinal high-signal bands were seen throughout the tendon, except at the musculotendinous junction and insertion on the calcaneus. Histologically, scar tissue interposed between the tendon stumps consisted of dense collagen fibers, and degenerative changes were not seen. After surgery, no patient had difficulty in walking or stair climbing, and all were able to perform a single-limb toe raise. The mean preoperative and postoperative American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scores were 88.2 and 98.3 points, respectively; the difference was statistically significant (P = .0277).
Answer: Interposed tissue between the tendon stumps is suitable for repair of chronic Achilles tendon rupture if preoperative MRI shows a thickened fusiform-shaped Achilles tendon with diffuse intratendinous high-signal alterations throughout.
answer:
Do reconstruction of chronic achilles tendon rupture with the use of interposed tissue between the stumps?

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Context: The necessity for general anesthesia represents an impediment to using a laparoscopic approach for some procedures that are otherwise performed with the patient under local anesthesia using a conventional open technique. Heating and humidifying the insufflation gas reportedly reduces perioperative pain associated with a CO2 pneumoperitoneum, thus enabling awake laparoscopy.', 'Two cases are reported herein of laparoscopy performed with the patient under local anesthesia using heated, humidified CO2 gas for the pneumoperitoneum.', 'Both patients experienced pain with insufflation of heated, humidified CO2 gas of sufficient magnitude that the procedure could not be performed. The CO2 gas was washed out and replaced with helium gas insufflation with complete resolution of pain. The laparoscopic procedures were accomplished without further discomfort with local anesthesia and using a helium gas pneumoperitoneum.
Answer: Heated, humidified CO2 gas insufflation does not reduce pain sufficiently to permit satisfactory performance of laparoscopy with local anesthesia, especially when full volume insufflation is required. Cold, dry helium gas produces no pain. The theory that cold, dry insufflation gas is a source of peritoneal pain during laparoscopy needs to be reassessed.
answer:
Is heated , humidified CO2 gas unsatisfactory for awake laparoscopy?

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Context: To elucidate the detailed mechanisms underlying the appreciable effects of JG3, a novel marine-derived oligosaccharide, on cell migration using a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line stably over-expressing heparanase.', 'A retrovirus infection system was used to establish a CHO-K1 cell line stably transfected with heparanase. Immunocytochemistry was used to assess cell morphology. Flow cytometry was selected to analyze the activation of beta1-integrin, and Western blotting was used to analyze the downstream effects on the cell adhesion pathway. An affinity precipitation assay was used to determine activation of the small GTPases, Rac1, and RhoA.', 'JG3 abolished heparanase-driven formation of focal adhesions and cell spreading. Although JG3 failed to block the heparanase-triggered activation of beta1-integrin or the phosphorylation of Src, the oligosaccharide caused a significant dephosphorylation of FAK and subsequent inactivation of Erk. Furthermore, JG3 was found to arrest the activation of Rac1.
Answer: All these findings help form an alternative view to understand the mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effects of JG3 on cell motility.Acta Pharmacologica Sinica (2009) 30: 1033-1038; doi: 10.1038/aps.2009.97; published online 22 June 2009.
answer:
Does marine-derived oligosaccharide sulfate ( JG3 ) suppress heparanase-driven cell adhesion events in heparanase over-expressing CHO-K1 cells?