TASK DEFINITION: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
PROBLEM: Abstract: Patients who had undergone proximal selective vagotomy and who had severe postprandial dumping symptoms took in less food, energy, and nutrients than those who were mildly symptomatic or who were healthy.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Dietary habits in patients with dumping syndrome-like symptoms after proximal selective vagotomy. option2: Nuclear safety: NRC investigates Seabrook [news]

SOLUTION: Dietary habits in patients with dumping syndrome-like symptoms after proximal selective vagotomy.

PROBLEM: Abstract: The renal effects of carbohydrates (CHO) were studied in two experiments. 1) The effects of CHO-energy restriction was evaluated by comparing uremic growing rats (initial weight: 80 g) fed "ad lib" (L rats) or CHO-restricted (starch and glucose) but receiving identical amounts of all other nutrients (R rats). R rats showed reduced growth, slower increase in plasma creatinine, lower mortality rate, and less histological renal damage than L rats. 2) Two types of CHO restriction, low glucose (R1 rats) or low starch (R2 rats) were compared to "ad lib" feeding (L1 rats) in adult rats (initial weight: 130 g). Growth was identically reduced in R1 and R2 rats. Mean plasma creatinine levels at week four was lower in R1 than in L1 rats. The overall rate mortality was higher for L1 and R2 than in R1 rats (79%, 81%, 53%) but included deaths from other causes than renal failure. Actuarial survival excluding these deaths was 27%, 83% and 10% in L1, R1 and R2 rats, respectively. Diffuse renal lesions were found in 25 of 30 L1, 5 of 15 R1, and 12 of 15 R2 rats (R1 vs. R1 and R2, P less than 0.01). The results show that CHO restriction may preserve the renal parenchyma, and suggest that restriction of "simple" rather than "complex" CHO restriction may be beneficial, a finding which could be of clinical importance if confirmed by further investigations.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Role of amount and nature of carbohydrates in the course of experimental renal failure. option2: Vaginal discharge. Its causes and cures.

SOLUTION: Role of amount and nature of carbohydrates in the course of experimental renal failure.

PROBLEM: Abstract: Physiological concentrations of L-T4 were found previously to stimulate Ca2+-ATPase activity in vitro in reticulocyte membranes from female rabbits and to inhibit this enzyme in reticulocyte membranes from males. In these previous studies, preincubation of intact cells or ghosts with testosterone (5 X 10(-11) M) converted female-source reticulocyte membranes to male-type responsiveness to thyroid hormone (inhibition of Ca2+-ATPase activity). Preincubation of reticulocyte membranes with 17 beta-estradiol (5 X 10(-11) M) converted male-source membranes to female-type responsiveness (stimulation by L-T4 of membrane Ca2+-ATPase activity). Using this sex steroid-sensitive thyroid hormone-dependent membrane enzyme system, we investigated the structure-activity relationships of analogs of sex steroids and unrelated steroids. 5 beta-Androstanes were active compared to testosterone in assays using female-source membranes, while 5 alpha-androstanes were less active. Within the 5 beta-androstanes, activity was dependent on at least one hydroxyl group at the C3- or C17-position. Nongonadal steroids tested were less active, establishing specificity of the sex steroid effect in assays using female-source membranes. Assayed in male-source membranes, estrone and 3-hydroxy-1,3,5-(10)7-estratraen-17-one (equilin) were active compared for estrogen effect with 17 beta-estradiol, while estriol was less active. The activities of hydrocortisone and aldosterone were 76% and 71%, respectively, in this system. These structure-activity relationships are distinct from those described for gonadal steroid-cytoplasmic binding proteins or nuclear interactions, and represent a novel sex steroid-thyroid hormone effect on activity of a membrane enzyme.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Structure-activity relationships of sex steroid analogs determined in vitro in a thyroid hormone-responsive membrane Ca2+-ATPase model. option2: The significance of unruptured intracranial saccular aneurysms.

SOLUTION:
Structure-activity relationships of sex steroid analogs determined in vitro in a thyroid hormone-responsive membrane Ca2+-ATPase model.