Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

[Q]: This study used dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) knockout (KO) mice to investigate the role of D2R activity in the development of form-deprivation myopia (FDM). Sulpiride, a D2R antagonist, was administered systemically into wild-type (WT) mice to validate the involvement of D2R in FDM development.', 'The D2R KO and WT C57BL/6 mice were subjected to FDM. Wild-type mice received daily intraperitoneal injections of sulpiride, 8 g/g body weight, for a period of 4 weeks. The body weight, refraction, corneal radius of curvature, and ocular axial components were measured at week 4 of the experiment. Differences in all ocular parameters between the experimental and control groups were compared statistically.', 'Form-deprivation myopia in D2R KO mice (FD-KO) was significantly reduced compared with their WT littermates (interocular difference, -2.12 0.91 diopter [D] in FD-KO versus -5.35 0.83 D in FD-WT, P = 0.014), with a smaller vitreous chamber depth (0.008 0.006 vs. 0.026 0.006 mm, P = 0.044) and axial length (-0.001 0.007 vs. 0.027 0.008 mm, P = 0.007). Furthermore, FDM was attenuated in animals treated with sulpiride (-2.01 0.31 D in FD-sulpiride versus -4.06 0.30 D in FD-DMSO, P < 0.001) compared with those treated with vehicle, with a retardation in growth of vitreous chamber depth (-0.001 0.006 vs. 0.022 0.004 mm, P = 0.003) and axial length (-0.004 0.007 vs. 0.027 0.005 mm, P = 0.001).
[A]: 1

[Q]: To determine the prognostic role of co-morbidity in medically inoperable early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT).', "Between 2000 and 2007, 88 consecutive early-stage medically inoperable NSCLC patients were treated by linac-based SBRT. The dose was either 45 Gy or 67.5 Gy in three fractions prescribed to the isocenter. Baseline co-morbidities were retrospectively retrieved by consultation of a formal electronic registry of diagnoses as well as patients' charts. The age-adjusted Charlson Co-morbidity Index (CCI) was scored for each patient and subjected to univariate and multivariate analysis.", 'With a median follow-up of 44 months, the actuarial local control rate at 4 years was 89% while the median overall survival was 22 months. The median age-adjusted CCI score was 5. The age-adjusted CCI was a significant predictor of overall survival on both univariate (p=0.002) and multivariate analysis (p=0.011). Patients with an age-adjusted CCI score of 3 or less had a median survival of 41 months versus only 11 months for those scoring 6 or more.
[A]: 1

[Q]: Growth-differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is emerging as an independent prognostic biomarker in patients with cardiovascular (CV) disease. Little is known about the pathophysiological basis for the close association of GDF-15 to future CV events. We hypothesized that GDF-15 is related to underlying CV pathologies.', 'To relate the levels of GDF-15 to indices of CV dysfunction and disease in elderly individuals, serum levels of GDF-15 were measured in 1004 subjects aged 70 years from the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) study. Carotid intima-media thickness and plaque burden, and left ventricular (LV) geometry and function were assessed by ultrasound. Endothelial function was evaluated in forearm resistance vessels and in the brachial artery by venous occlusion plethysmography and ultrasound imaging, respectively. Elevated levels of GDF-15 were related to several CV risk factors (male gender, current smoking, body mass index, waist circumference, diabetes, fasting glucose, triglycerides, and low HDL cholesterol). After adjustment for CV risk factors, increased levels of GDF-15 were associated with reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilation in resistance vessels, plaque burden, LV mass and concentric LV hypertrophy, reduced LV ejection fraction, and clinical manifestations of coronary artery disease and heart failure.
[A]:
1