input: Make use of the article to answer the questions. In biological classification, class () is:

The composition of each class is determined by a taxonomist. Often there is no exact agreement, with different taxonomists taking different positions. There are no hard rules that a taxonomist needs to follow in describing a class, but for well-known animals there is likely to be consensus.

In botany, classes are now rarely discussed. Since the first publication of the APG system in 1998, which proposed a taxonomy of the flowering plants up to the level of orders, many sources have preferred to treat ranks higher than orders as informal clades. Where formal ranks have been assigned, the ranks have been reduced to a very much lower level, e.g. class Equisitopsida for the land plants, with the major divisions within the class assigned to subclasses and superorders.

For some clades, a number of alternative classifications are used.

The class as a distinct rank of biological classification having its own distinctive name (and not just called a "top-level genus" "(genus summum)" was first introduced by the French botanist Joseph Pitton de Tournefort in his classification of plants that appeared in his "Elements de botanique", 1694.

In the first edition of his "Systema Naturae" (1735). Carl Linnaeus divided all three of his kingdoms of Nature (minerals, plants, and animals) into classes. Only in the animal kingdom are Linnaeus's classes similar to the classes used today; his classes and orders of plants were never intended to represent natural groups, but rather to provide a convenient "artificial key" according to his "Systema Sexuale", largely based on the arrangement of flowers. 1. Who published about nature in the 18th century?
2. what year was the 1st edition published?
3. the name of the book?
4. how many kingdoms did he have?
5. name one
6. another?
7. and?
8. what were each divided into
9. are they all used today?
10. are any?
11. what's the class determined by?
12. do they agree?
13. are there strict rules?
14. when did Joseph Pitton de Tourefort publish his work?
15. it's name?
16. his nationalist?
17. what was published in 1998?
18. are classes discussed in plant study now?
19. what did the APG suggest?
20. what did Linnaeus mean his plant classes to be?
numbered_answers: 1. Carl Linnaeus
2. (1735).
3. "Systema Naturae"
4. three
5. minerals
6. plants
7. and animals
8. into classes
9. no
10. Only in the animal kingdom are Linnaeus's classes similar to the classes used today
11. class is determined by a taxonomist
12. no
13. no
14. 1694
15. "Elements de botanique"
16. French
17. the APG system
18. rarely
19. it proposed a taxonomy of the flowering plants up to the level of orders
20. a convenient "artificial key

input: Make use of the article to answer the questions. Parent fans, both dads and mums, are shaming British football with their bad behaviour. Hundreds of junior soccer matches had to be abandoned last season because parent fans were swearing or even fighting on the touchline. At schools and clubs across the UK, hundreds of more matches also had to be called off for the same reason.

Reports tell of abuse at referees , players and coaches and fight breaking out on the touchline.

Enough is enough Peter Wright, a keen referee of junior soccer, finally hung up his boots last season. He decided to walk away for good. He said "Every week I have had to take abuse and I've had enough of it."

"Parents' behaviour is reducing many school teachers, referees, coaches and volunteers to despair."

The kids are suffering Jim Peter, a referee, said, "We are getting desperate and the kids are suffering." He described the way spectators behave as

and getting worse year by year. The big question is why so many parents shame their children in this way. Aggressive Behavior Contracts may have to be introduced to stop the violence and abuse. If not, the game will suffer.

Sign up to good conduct Last season players and parents were made to sign a new good behavior contract. "If a parent breaks the contract, I take his or her child off the pitch and get him or her to explain why I have done so to the child," said Marc Nash, Wallsend's assistant leader.

"The next step is to ban both the parent and the child, but happily, so far this has not been necessary." 1. Who they are shaming?
2. Were the matches postponed?
3. In which country?
4. Who said that enough is enough?
5. Who is he?
6. Did he quit?
7. How often he was abused?
8. Who are the perpetrators?
9. Who had to take the bullet?
10. Who said that?
11. who is he?
12. Is it getting any better?
13. What's the big question here?
14. What is the solution?
15. If not what will happen to the game?
16. What parents were to sign?
17. If they break what happen to their kid?
18. Who said that?
19. Who is he?
20. What is the next step?
numbered_answers: 1. British football
2. because parent fans were swearing or even fighting on the touchline
3. UK,
4. Peter Wright,
5. a referee
6. unknown
7. "Every week
8. Parents
9. The kids
10. Jim Peter
11. a referee
12. no, and getting worse year by year
13. The big question is why so many parents shame their children in this way.
14. Aggressive Behavior Contracts may have to be introduced to stop the violence and abuse
15. f not, the game will suffer.
16. good behavior contract
17. I take his or her child off the pitch and get him or her to explain why I have done so to the child
18. Marc Nash
19. assistant leader
20. he next step is to ban both the parent and the child,

input: Make use of the article to answer the questions. Juan and Amy were happy because they were going to help their mom make a cake. They were making the cake for their dad who was returning from a long trip. Amy thought about all the things she wanted to do with her dad when he got back. They would go to the park and he could push her on the swing then they could take their dog for a walk and have a long talk like they used to do. Juan was also thinking about all the things he and his dad could do when he got back. Maybe they could all go to the river like last year and his dad could teach him how to skip stones across the river. They could share hotdogs like last year too. "What are you two doing in here?" Their mom asked. "We are waiting to help you with Dad's cake." Juan said. "Okay, you two get out the yogurt for the frosting and I am going to start the oven to get it warmer." "Oh no! I spilled the punch when Juan was closing the door." Amy cried. "It is okay we can clean that up in no time." Juan said and grabbed the paper towels. Just as their mom was mixing the cake ingredients Juan and Amy heard their dog bark. "Mom! The dog is barking someone is here." Juan said. "Well your dad is not going to be here until this afternoon. You two wait here." She said and walked out of the kitchen. Her husband opened the door and smiled at her. She hugged him and they walked into the kitchen together. "Daddy!" Juan and Amy shouted and ran to hug him. "I missed you guys so I left early." 1. Who was happy?
2. Why were they happy?
3. For what occasion?
4. What ingredient was used in the frosting?
5. What did Amy spill?
6. Who cleaned it up?
7. What did he use?
8. What happened while the cake as being mixed?
9. Was it barking at the mailman?
10. What caused the barking?
numbered_answers:
1. Juan and Amy
2. they were going to help their mom make a cake
3. their dad was returning from a long trip
4. yogurt
5. the punch
6. Juan
7. paper towels
8. they heard the dog bark
9. no
10. Their dad was home