Problem: Gothic architecture is a style of architecture that flourished during the high and late medieval period. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture. Originating in 12th-century France and lasting into the 16th century, Gothic architecture was known during the period as Opus Francigenum ("French work") with the term Gothic first appearing during the later part of the Renaissance. Its characteristics include the pointed arch, the ribbed vault and the flying buttress. Gothic architecture is most familiar as the architecture of many of the great cathedrals, abbeys and churches of Europe. It is also the architecture of many castles, palaces, town halls, guild halls, universities and to a less prominent extent, private dwellings, such as dorms and rooms.

It is in the great churches and cathedrals and in a number of civic buildings that the Gothic style was expressed most powerfully, its characteristics lending themselves to appeals to the emotions, whether springing from faith or from civic pride. A great number of ecclesiastical buildings remain from this period, of which even the smallest are often structures of architectural distinction while many of the larger churches are considered priceless works of art and are listed with UNESCO as World Heritage Sites. For this reason a study of Gothic architecture is largely a study of cathedrals and churches.
1. What time period did Gothic architecture begin?
2. What country?
3. It continued until when?
4. What was this era known as?
5. What does that translate to?
6. Was this during medieval times?
7. Which part?
8. When was the word Gothic first seen?
9. What continent is it most prevalent?
10. Is it in churches there?
11. What about cathedrals?
12. What kind of buildings are still around from that time?
13. What organization lists some of the churches?
14. As what?
15. What do people think of them as?
16. How many are left?
17. Are they all big?
18. Are the small ones important?
19. Is the flying buttress considered Gothic?
20. What's another characteristic?
Answer: 1. 12th-century
2. France
3. into the 16th century
4. Opus Francigenum
5. "French work
6. yes
7. high and late
8. later part of the Renaissance
9. Europe
10. yes
11. yes
12. many castles, palaces, town halls, guild halls, universities and to a less prominent extent, private dwellings, such as dorms and rooms
13. UNESCO
14. World Heritage Sites
15. priceless works of art
16. A great number
17. no
18. yes
19. yes
20. ribbed vault

Q: Joan worked in a hospital. One evening there was a big dance at the hospital. Most of the doctors and nurses would be there, but of course somebody had to be left to look after the sick children, and Joan was not of the lucky ones. She liked dancing very much, so when she had to start work that evening while her friends were getting ready to go to the dance, she felt very sorry for herself. She went to each sick child one after another and said good-night, until she came to one little boy, Dick. Dick was only eleven years old, but he had a very serious illness and couldn't move most parts of his body except his hands. Joan knew Dick would never get any better, but the little boy was always happy and always thinking about other people instead of himself. Dick knew that Joan loved dancing. So when she came to say good-night to him, he greeted her with the words, "I'm very sorry that you can't go to the dance because of us. But we are going to have a party for you. If you look in my drawer, you'll find a piece of cake that I _ from my supper today. And there is also a dollar there. You can buy something to drink with the cake. And I'll get up and dance with you myself if I was able to." Suddenly the hospital dance seemed very far away and not important at all to Joan. ,.

Answer the following questions:
1. Who liked to dance?
2. Where did she work?
3. Who knew she liked to dance?
4. Who was he?
5. How old was he?
6. Why did he give Joan cake?
7. Where was the dance?
8. Who went to it?
9. Why not Joan?
10. Was Joan upset about it?
11. How did she feel?
12. What was the dollar for?
13. Where did Dick get the cake?
14. Where did he tell joan to look?
15. Did they dance together?
16. Why not?
17. Was Dick the only child she saw that night?
18. Whay was she in Dicks room?
19. Was Dick going to be well soon?
20. Why not?
A: 1. Joan
2. in a hospital.
3. Dick
4. A sick child in the hospital
5. 11
6. He was sorry she couldn't go to the dance
7. At the hospital
8. Most of the doctors and nurses
9. somebody had to be left to look after the sick children
10. Yes
11. she felt very sorry for herself
12. To buy a drink
13. from his supper
14. In his drawer
15. No
16. Dick couldn't move
17. No
18. To say goodnight
19. No
20. He would never get any better

Problem: English law is the common law legal system governing England and Wales, comprising criminal law and civil law.

English law has no formal codification: the essence of English common law is that it is made by judges sitting in courts applying statute, and legal precedent ("stare decisis") from previous cases. A decision of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, the highest civil appeal court of the United Kingdom, is binding on every other court.

Some rulings are derived from legislation; others, known as common law, are based on rulings of previous courts. For example, murder is a common law crime rather than one established by an Act of Parliament. Common law can be amended or repealed by Parliament; murder, for example, now carries a mandatory life sentence rather than the death penalty.

The first schedule of the Interpretation Act 1978, defines the following terms: "British Islands", "England", and "United Kingdom". The use of the term "British Isles" is virtually obsolete in statutes and, when it does appear, it is taken to be synonymous with "British Islands". For interpretation purposes, England includes a number of specified elements:

"Great Britain" means England, Wales, Scotland, their adjacent territorial waters and the islands of Orkney and Shetland, the Hebrides and, by virtue of the Island of Rockall Act 1972, Rockall. "United Kingdom" means Great Britain and Northern Ireland and their adjacent territorial waters, but not the Isle of Man, nor the Channel Islands, whose independent status was discussed in "Rover International Ltd. v Canon Film Sales Ltd." (1987) 1 WLR 1597 and "Chloride Industrial Batteries Ltd. v F. & W. Freight Ltd." (1989) 1 WLR 823. "British Islands"but not "British Isles"means the United Kingdom, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands.
1. Does English law have a formal codification?
2. Who makes it?
3. What is stare decisis?
4. Where does it come from?
5. Where else are ruling derived from?
6. What is the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom?
7. What act was passed in 1978
8. What is the punishment for murder?
9. What does the Interpretation Act 19787 define?
10. What does "Great Britain" mean
11. Are islands a part of that?
12. Which ones?
13. What act made Rockall a part of this?
14. What does United Kingdom mean?
15. Does that include Isle of Man?
Answer:
1. no
2. judges
3. legal precedent
4. from previous cases
5. from legislation
6. its highest civil appeal court of the United Kingdom
7. the Interpretation Act 1978
8. a mandatory life sentence
9. it defines the following terms: "British Islands", "England", and "United Kingdom"
10. "Great Britain" means England, Wales, Scotland
11. yes
12. the islands of Orkney and Shetland, the Hebrides and, by virtue of the Island of Rockall
13. Rockall Act 1972,
14. "United Kingdom" means Great Britain and Northern Ireland and their adjacent territorial waters
15. no