Premise:
"The Pre-Dynastic and Early Dynastic periods are followed by the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms with Intermediate periods in between."
Hypothesis: The longest of these intermediate periods spans over 500 years.

it is not possible to tell

Premise:
"The next working session was a failure."
Hypothesis: The next meeting produced no results.

yes

Premise:
"Shellfish is served with rice in an unlikely but very tasty sauce of olive oil, ground almonds, assorted spices, and chocolate, though local cooks sometimes cheat a bit by adding octopus and other shell-less tidbits."
Hypothesis: The dish usually includes shellfish and rice, but local cooks sometimes add octopus.
yes