Problem: John ordered Bill to leave, so an hour later *he* left.

Are "he" and "Bill" the same?
Answer: yes

Problem: The sculpture rolled off the shelf because *it* wasn't level.

Are "it" and "the shelf" the same?
Answer: yes

Problem: Tom gave Ralph a lift to school so *he* wouldn't have to drive alone.

Are "he" and "Ralph" the same?
Answer: no

Problem: The boy continued to whip the pony , and eventually the pony threw him over. John laughed out quite loud. "Served *him* right," he said.

Are "him" and "John" the same?
Answer:
no