In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

Example Input: Context: Ingested proteins are known to stimulate a rise in insulin and glucagon concentrations. In our effort to explain this effect, we have begun to measure the effect of individual amino acids.', 'The objectives were to determine the effect of lysine ingestion on insulin and glucagon concentrations and whether the effect is moderated by glucose ingestion.', 'Thirteen healthy subjects were studied on 4 occasions. Water, 25 g glucose, 1 mmol lysine/kg lean body mass, or lysine plus glucose was given on separate occasions at 0800 after a 12-h fast. Serum lysine, glucose, insulin, and glucagon were measured during a 2.5-h period. The amount of lysine provided was equivalent to that present in a 672-g (24-oz) steak.', 'Lysine ingestion resulted in an approximately 3-fold increase in lysine concentration and in a small decrease in glucose concentration. When lysine was ingested with glucose, the 2.5-h glucose area response decreased by 44% (P < 0.02). Lysine alone increased the insulin area response modestly; the insulin increase when lysine was ingested with glucose was similar to that when only glucose was ingested. Lysine stimulated an increase in glucagon (P < 0.02), whereas glucose decreased glucagon.\Question: Does lysine ingestion markedly attenuate the glucose response to ingested glucose without a change in insulin response?
Example Output: Lysine ingestion results in a small decrease in serum glucose and an increase in glucagon and insulin concentrations. Lysine ingested with glucose dramatically attenuated the glucose-stimulated glucose response, but there was no change in insulin response. Whether similar effects will be observed with more physiologic doses of lysine remains to be determined.

Example Input: Context: Nonviral vectors based on polyethylenimine (PEI) usually contain an excess of PEI that is not complexed to DNA. Since unbound PEI contributes to cellular and systemic toxicity, purification of polyplexes from unbound PEI is desirable.', 'Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) was used to purify PEI polyplexes of free PEI. Transfection properties of purified polyplexes and the effect of free PEI on gene delivery were studied in vitro and in vivo after systemic application into mice.', 'SEC did not change the size and zeta-potential of polyplexes. Independent of the amount of PEI used for complex formation, purified PEI polyplexes had the same final PEI nitrogen/DNA phosphate ratio of 2.5. Notably, purified PEI polyplexes demonstrated low cellular and systemic toxicity. High transfection efficiency was achieved with purified polyplexes at high DNA concentrations (8-15 microg/ml). At low DNA concentrations (2-4 microg/ml) gene transfer with purified particles was less efficient than with polyplexes containing free PEI both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic studies showed that free PEI partly blocked cellular association of DNA complexes but was essential for the following intracellular gene delivery. Adding free PEI to cells treated with purified particles with a delay of up to 4 h resulted in significantly enhanced transfection efficiency compared with non-purified particles or purified particles without free PEI.\Question: Does purification of polyethylenimine polyplexes highlight the role of free polycations in gene transfer?
Example Output: This study presents an efficient method to remove free PEI from PEI polyplexes by SEC. Our results from transfection experiments demonstrate that free PEI substantially contributes to efficient gene expression but also mediates toxic effects in a dose-dependent manner. Purified polyplexes without free PEI have to be applied at increased concentrations to achieve high transfection levels, but exhibit a greatly improved toxicity profile.

Example Input: Context: Cerebral malaria (CM) is associated with long-term neurocognitive impairment in children 5 years of age. No prospective studies to date have assessed neurocognitive impairment in children with CM <5 years of age, or in children with severe malarial anemia (SMA), a form of severe malaria estimated to affect as many as 5 million children annually.', "Children <5 years of age presenting to Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda, with CM (n = 80) or SMA (n = 86) were assessed for overall cognitive ability, attention, and associative memory 1 week after discharge and 6 and 12 months later. The z scores for each domain were computed based on scores of 61 healthy community children (CC), who were also tested at enrollment and 6 and 12 months later. Groups were compared using mixed linear models, adjusted for age, weight for age, and child's education.", 'At 12 months, children with CM had lower adjusted scores than CC in cognitive ability (P < .001), attention (P = .02), and associative memory, (P = .002). Children with SMA had lower scores than CC in cognitive ability (P = .01) but not attention or associative memory. Cognitive ability scores in children with CM and SMA did not differ significantly.\Question: Is severe malarial anemia associated with long-term neurocognitive impairment?
Example Output:
In children <5 years of age, SMA is associated with long-term impairment in cognitive ability, whereas CM is associated with additional impairment in the areas of attention and associative memory. SMA may be a major contributor to long-term neurocognitive impairment in children in sub-Saharan Africa.