Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

[Q]: To investigate the influence of metabolic syndrome on prostate-specific antigen levels by considering prostate volume and plasma volume.', 'We retrospectively analyzed 4111 men who underwent routine check-ups including prostate-specific antigen and transrectal ultrasonography. The definition of metabolic syndrome was based on the modified Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Prostate-specific antigen mass density (prostate-specific antigen plasma volume / prostate volume) was calculated for adjusting plasma volume and prostate volume. We compared prostate-specific antigen and prostate-specific antigen mass density levels of participants with metabolic syndrome (metabolic syndrome group, n = 1242) and without metabolic syndrome (non-prostate-specific antigen metabolic syndrome group, n = 2869). To evaluate the impact of metabolic syndrome on prostate-specific antigen, linear regression analysis for the natural logarithm of prostate-specific antigen was used.', 'Patients in the metabolic syndrome group had significantly older age (P < 0.001), larger prostate volume (P < 0.001), higher plasma volume (P < 0.001) and lower mean serum prostate-specific antigen (non-metabolic syndrome group vs metabolic syndrome group; 1.22 0.91 vs 1.15 0.76 ng/mL, P = 0.006). Prostate-specific antigen mass density in the metabolic syndrome group was still significantly lower than that in the metabolic syndrome group (0.124 0.084 vs 0.115 0.071 g/mL, P = 0.001). After adjusting for age, prostate volume and plasma volume using linear regression model, the presence of metabolic syndrome was a significant independent factor for lower prostate-specific antigen (prostate-specific antigen decrease by 4.1%, P = 0.046).
[A]: Is prostate-specific antigen lowering effect of metabolic syndrome influenced by prostate volume?

[Q]: Traditionally cerebellar functions are thought to be related to control of tone, posture, gait, and coordination of skilled motor activity. However, there is an increasing body of evidence implicating the cerebellum in cognition, language, memory, and motor learning. Preterm infants are at increased risk of neurodevelopmental delay, cognitive dysfunction, and behavioral and emotional disturbances. The role of the cerebellum in these adverse outcomes is unclear.', 'The objective of this study was to determine whether absolute cerebellar volumes differ between term-equivalent preterm infants and term-born control infants and to assess whether cerebellar volume is influenced by any possible antenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors.', 'The study compared the MR imaging cerebellar volume by using a manual quantification program of 113 preterm infants at term-equivalent age and 15 term-born control infants.', 'The median cerebellar volume of preterm at term-equivalent age was 25.4 cm3 and that of term-born control infants was 26.9 cm3. On initial analysis, there was a significant median difference of 2.0 cm3 (95% CI, 1.2 cm3 to 2.7 cm3) (2-sided P < .0001). However multiple regression analysis of perinatal variables showed that only infants with supratentorial lesions (P = .003) were significantly associated with the reduction in cerebellar volumes. The median cerebellar volumes were the following: supratentorial lesions, 18.9 cm3; no supratentorial lesions, 26.1 cm3; and term infants, 26.9 cm3 (analysis of variance, P < .0001). Hence, there was no significant difference in cerebellar volumes of preterm infants at term-equivalent age in the absence of supratentorial lesions. The median vermal volumes were 0.7 cm3 and were significantly related to cerebellar volumes both in preterm infants with and without lesions and in term-control infants.
[A]: Are smaller cerebellar volumes in very preterm infants at term-equivalent age associated with the presence of supratentorial lesions?

[Q]: Achievement of early therapeutic anticoagulation with unfractionated heparin (UFH) is associated with improved outcomes in thromboembolic disease. Weight based UFH expedites time to therapeutic anticoagulation. Treatment with UFH is challenging in surgical patients due to their high propensity for bleeding. We sought to test the hypothesis that an initial weight based UFH infusion in surgical patients increases the percentage of patients who achieve early therapeutic anticoagulation without increasing the risk of hemorrhagic events.', 'Using a non-concurrent retrospective cohort study design, adult surgical patients receiving UFH for venous thromboembolism (VTE) at a tertiary care center were included. Two groups were identified: the weight based (WB) and the under-dosed (UD) heparin groups. For our primary outcome, we compared percentage of patients in each group that achieved a therapeutic PTT within 24h. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of supratherapeutic PTT levels, hemorrhagic events, and complications associated with VTE.', '73 subjects met study criteria, which included 8 subjects in the WB group and 65 in the UD group. The demographic, baseline laboratory, admitting service and type of VTE were similar between the 2 groups. The percentages of WB and UD subjects who achieved a therapeutic PTT within 24h were 75% and 28%, respectively (p<0.01). There was no difference in the incidence of supratherapeutic PTT or hemorrhagic events.
[A]:
Is weight based heparin dosing for thromboembolic disease associated with earlier anticoagulation in surgical patients?