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Q: Halley's Comet as photographed May 8, 1910, by Dr. G.W. Ritchey using the 60-inch (1.5-meter) telescope at Mount Wilson Observatory, Calif., during the comet's last appearance. The head of the comet and the beginning of its long tail are shown. Short, straight streaks are background stars. Discovered by Alan Hale and Thomas Bopp in 1995, the Hale-Bopp comet came within 1.315 AU of Earth in 1997. One AU is 150 million kilometers (93 million miles). Scientists have computed its orbital period so you can find out when Hale-Bopp will return. Unlike a long-period comet, the next perihelion passage of a numbered periodic comet can be predicted with a high degree of accuracy. Periodic comets sometimes bear the same name repeatedly (e.g. the nine ShoemakerLevy comets or the twenty-four NEAT comets); the IAU system distinguishes between them either through the number prefix or by the full designation (e. g. 181P and 192P are both Comet ShoemakerLevy). Halley's comet belonged to the Neptune group and today falls into the short period comet category. In the early twentieth century these were called "Periodic comets." At the time, what we now call long period comets were thought to be from beyond the solar system. Short-period Comets A comet with an orbital period of less than 200 years is known as a short-period comet or a 'periodic comet'. These are now divided into Jupiter-family comets with periods less than 20 years and orbits that do not extend much beyond Jupiter, and Halley-type comets with periods of 20200 years and highly inclined orbits. low orbital inclinations mostly prograde large eccentricities most from Kuiper Belt eventually destroyed by collisions/sublimating into oblivion orbital period less than 100 years Jupiter-family comets and long-period comets appear to follow very different fading laws. The JFCs are active over a lifetime of about 10,000 years or ~1,000 orbits whereas long-period comets fade much faster. Only 10% of the long-period comets survive more than 50 passages to small perihelion and only 1% of them survive more than 2,000 passages. Eventually most of the volatile material contained in a comet nucleus evaporates, and the comet becomes a small, dark, inert lump of rock or rubble that can resemble an asteroid. Because no planets have retrograde orbits, we must ask why so many long-period comets are retrograde, while few short-period comets are. Intermediate-Period Comets. Only 104 comets have orbital periods between 100 and 700 years. So, we have two completely different populations of cometsshort-period and long-periodplus a few in between. The short-period comets are thought to originate in the Kuiper Belt, an area outside Neptune's orbit (from about 30 to 50 AU) that has many icy comet-like objects. The long-period comets tend to have orbits that are randomly oriented, and not necessarily anywhere near the ecliptic. A short period comet is conventionally defined as a comet having an orbital period of less than 200 years. What is the maximum possible aphelion distance for a short period comet with a perihelion of 0.5 AU? Where does this place the comet relative to the outer planets? (3) Query: how long is the orbital period of a short period comet
A:
A short period comet is having an orbital period of less than 200 years.