Answer the following question given this paragraph: Sensory Nerves The olfactory, optic, and vestibulocochlear nerves (cranial nerves I, II, and VIII) are dedicated to four of the special senses: smell, vision, equilibrium, and hearing, respectively. Taste sensation is relayed to the brain stem through fibers of the facial and glossopharyngeal nerves. The trigeminal nerve is a mixed nerve that carries the general somatic senses from the head, similar to those coming through spinal nerves from the rest of the body. Testing smell is straightforward, as common smells are presented to one nostril at a time. The patient should be able to recognize the smell of coffee or mint, indicating the proper functioning of the olfactory system. Loss of the sense of smell is called anosmia and can be lost following blunt trauma to the head or through aging. The short axons of the first cranial nerve regenerate on a regular basis. The neurons in the olfactory epithelium have a limited life span, and new cells grow to replace the ones that die off. The axons from these neurons grow back into the CNS by following the existing axonsrepresenting one of the few examples of such growth in the mature nervous system. If all of the fibers are sheared when the brain moves within the cranium, such as in a motor vehicle accident, then no axons can find their way back to the olfactory bulb to reestablish connections. If the nerve is not completely severed, the anosmia may be temporary as new neurons can eventually reconnect. Q: Olfactory, optic, and vestibulocochlear nerves are related to what type of function? Choices: - pulmonary - respiratory - digestion - sensory A:
sensory
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The products of proto-oncogenes are required for normal growth, repair and homeostasis. However, when these genes are mutated, they turn into oncogenes and play a role in the development of cancer. Proto-oncogenes may be growth factors, transcription factors, or other proteins involved in regulation. A very common oncogene, ras , is normally a regulatory GTPase that switches a signal transduction chain on and off. Ras and Ras-related proteins are products of oncogenes found in 20% to 30% of human tumors. The transcription factor myc is an oncogene often seen mutated in Burkitt's lymphoma, a rare type of lymphoma, a cancer of the lymphocytes. Q: Mutation of beneficial proto-oncogenes is a prime culprit in what disease? Choices: - heart disease - diabetes - obesity - cancer A:
cancer
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Spring tides occur during the new moon and full moon. The Sun and Moon are in a straight line either on the same side of Earth or on opposite sides. Their gravitational pull combines to cause very high and very low tides. Spring tides have the greatest tidal range. Q: What tides occur during the new moon and full moon? Choices: - autumn - high - bottom - spring A:
A: spring
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Female Urethra The external urethral orifice is embedded in the anterior vaginal wall inferior to the clitoris, superior to the vaginal opening (introitus), and medial to the labia minora. Its short length, about 4 cm, is less of a barrier to fecal bacteria than the longer male urethra and the best explanation for the greater incidence of UTI in women. Voluntary control of the external urethral sphincter is a function of the pudendal nerve. It arises in the sacral region of the spinal cord, traveling via the S2S4 nerves of the sacral plexus. Q: The short length of what in women is the best explanation for the greater incidence of uti in women? Choices: - vagina - fallopian tube - uterus - urethra A:
Answer: urethra
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: There are two types of fermentation: lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation. Both types of fermentation are described below. You can also watch animations of both types at this link: http://www. cst. cmich. edu/users/schul1te/animations/fermentation. swf . Q: What are the two types of fermentation? Choices: - acetic and anhydrous - alcoholic and alchemical - lactic acid and fermaldehyde - lactic acid and alcoholic A:
**Answer**
lactic acid and alcoholic
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: What kind of anatomical structure consists of several types of tissues that together carry out particular functions? Choices: - valve - frame - system - organ A:
A: organ