Problem:OPTIONS:
- support
- measurement
- unitary
- base

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Base units have independent scales and cannot be described by a combination of any other base units. Examples of base units used in chemistry are length, mass, temperature, and time. Q: Time, mass, length, and temperature are considered to be what kinds of units? A:
****
A: base

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Buffer Systems in the Body The buffer systems in the human body are extremely efficient, and different systems work at different rates. It takes only seconds for the chemical buffers in the blood to make adjustments to pH. The respiratory tract can adjust the blood pH upward in minutes by exhaling CO2 from the body. The renal system can also adjust blood pH through the excretion of hydrogen ions (H+) and the conservation of bicarbonate, but this process takes hours to days to have an effect. The buffer systems functioning in blood plasma include plasma proteins, phosphate, and bicarbonate and carbonic acid buffers. The kidneys help control acid-base balance by excreting hydrogen ions and generating bicarbonate that helps maintain blood plasma pH within a normal range. Protein buffer systems work predominantly inside cells. Q: The kidneys help control acid-base balance by excreting _____ and generating bicarbonate that helps maintain blood plasma ph within a normal range? A:
OPTIONS:
- magnesium ions
- sodium ions
- lithium ions
- hydrogen ions
hydrogen ions

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Acids have some properties in common. They turn litmus, a plant extract, red. They react with some metals to give off H2 gas. They react with carbonate and hydrogen carbonate salts to give off CO2 gas. Acids that are ingested typically have a sour, sharp taste. (The name acid comes from the Latin word acidus, meaning "sour. ") Bases also have some properties in common. They are slippery to the touch, turn litmus blue, and have a bitter flavor if ingested. Acids and bases have another property: they react with each other to make water and an ionic compound called a salt. A salt, in chemistry, is any ionic compound made by combining an acid with a base. A reaction between an acid and a base is called a neutralization reaction and can be represented as follows: acid + base H2O + salt The stoichiometry of the balanced chemical equation depends on the number of H+ions in the acid and the number of OH ions in the base. Q: What type of ionic compound is formed from acid and bases reacting with each other? A:
OPTIONS:
- isolated
- common
- dry
- salt

Answer: salt

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Energy Budgets, Reproductive Costs, and Sexual Selection in Drosophila Research into how animals allocate their energy resources for growth, maintenance, and reproduction has used a variety of experimental animal models. Some of this work has been done using the common fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Studies have shown that not only does reproduction have a cost as far as how long male fruit flies live, but also fruit flies that have already mated several times have limited sperm remaining for reproduction. Fruit flies maximize their last chances at reproduction by selecting optimal mates. In a 1981 study, male fruit flies were placed in enclosures with either virgin or inseminated females. The males that mated with virgin females had shorter life spans than those in contact with the same number of inseminated females with which they were unable to mate. This effect occurred regardless of how large (indicative of their age) the males were. Thus, males that did not mate lived longer, allowing them more opportunities to find mates in the future. More recent studies, performed in 2006, show how males select the female with which they will mate and [3] how this is affected by previous matings (Figure 45.8). Males were allowed to select between smaller and larger females. Findings showed that larger females had greater fecundity, producing twice as many offspring per mating as the smaller females did. Males that had previously mated, and thus had lower supplies of sperm, were termed "resource-depleted," while males that had not mated were termed "nonresource-depleted. " The study showed that although non-resource-depleted males preferentially mated with larger females, this selection of partners was more pronounced in the resource-depleted males. Thus, males with depleted sperm supplies, which were limited in the number of times that they could mate before they replenished their sperm supply, selected larger, more fecund females, thus maximizing their chances for offspring. This study was one of the first to... Q: Studies have shown that not only does reproduction have a cost as far as how long male fruit flies live, but also fruit flies that have already mated several times have limited amounts of this? A:
OPTIONS:
- dna
- eggs
- chromosomes
- sperm
Answer: sperm

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Group 13 of the periodic table is also called the boron group because boron (B) is the first element at the top of the group (see Figure below ). Boron is also the only metalloid in this group. The other four elements in the groupaluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), indium (In), and thallium (Tl)are all metals. Group 13 elements have three valence electrons and are fairly reactive. All of them are solids at room temperature. Q: Group 13 of the periodic table is also called what? A:
OPTIONS:
- nitrogen group
- iron group
- manganese group
- the boron group
output: the boron group

Problem: OPTIONS:
- reflective and continental
- micro and continental
- amorphous and continental
- oceanic and continental
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The crust is less than 1% of Earth by mass. The two types are oceanic crust and continental crust. Q: What are the two types of earth crust? A:
Answer:
oceanic and continental