Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: CHAPTER SUMMARY 37.1 Types of Hormones There are three basic types of hormones: lipid-derived, amino acid-derived, and peptide. Lipid-derived hormones are structurally similar to cholesterol and include steroid hormones such as estradiol and testosterone. Amino acid-derived hormones are relatively small molecules and include the adrenal hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine. Peptide hormones are polypeptide chains or proteins and include the pituitary hormones, antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin), and oxytocin. Q: There are three basic types of hormones: lipid-derived, amino acid-derived, and what? A:

OPTIONS:
- manipulated
- secreted
- acidic
- peptide

A: peptide

input: OPTIONS:
- heart
- lungs
- brain
- bladder Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Urethra The urethra transports urine from the bladder to the outside of the body for disposal. The urethra is the only urologic organ that shows any significant anatomic difference between males and females; all other urine transport structures are identical (Figure 25.3). Q: The urethra transports urine from what organ to the outside of the body for disposal? A:
A:
output: bladder

Answer the following question given this paragraph: The body of the simplest sponges takes the shape of a cylinder with a large central cavity, the spongocoel. Water enters the spongocoel from numerous pores in the body wall. Water flows out through a large opening called the osculum (Figure 15.9). However, sponges exhibit a diversity of body forms, which vary in the size and branching of the spongocoel, the number of osculi, and where the cells that filter food from the water are located. Sponges consist of an outer layer of flattened cells and an inner layer of cells called choanocytes separated by a jellylike substance called mesohyl. The mesohyl contains embedded amoeboid cells that secrete tiny needles called spicules or protein fibers that help give the sponge its structural strength. The cell body of the choanocyte is embedded in mesohyl but protruding into the spongocoel is a mesh-like collar surrounding a single flagellum. The beating of flagella from all choanocytes moves water through the sponge. Food particles are trapped in mucus produced by the sieve-like collar of the choanocytes and are ingested by phagocytosis. This process is called intracellular digestion. Amoebocytes take up nutrients repackaged in food vacuoles of the choanocytes and deliver them to other cells within the sponge. Q: The body of the simplest sponges takes the shape of a cylinder with a large central cavity, called? A:

OPTIONS:
- spicule
- vacuole
- spirogyra
- spongocoel

Answer: spongocoel

Problem: OPTIONS:
- bile
- the small intestine
- the chloride
- the bicarbonate
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: What neutralizes the acidity of chyme and acts as a buffer? A:
Answer: the bicarbonate

Problem:OPTIONS:
- thoracic artery
- jugular
- cerebral artery
- renal artery

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Blood enters the kidney through the renal artery, which branches into capillaries. When blood passes through capillaries of the glomerulus of a nephron, blood pressure forces some of the water and dissolved substances in the blood to cross the capillary walls into Bowman's capsule. Q: Through which artery does blood enter the kidneys? A:
****
A: renal artery

Problem:OPTIONS:
- scoliosis
- tuberculosis
- rickets
- anemia

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Many diseases affect the blood or its components. They include anemia, leukemia, hemophilia, and sickle-cell disease. Q: What is an example of a disease that affects the blood? A:
****
A:
anemia