Question:
Read the text and answer the questions.
Hokkien /hkin/ (traditional Chinese: ; simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: Fujianhua; Peh-oe-ji: Hok-kian oe) or Quanzhang (QuanzhouZhangzhou / ChinchewChangchew; BP: ZuanziuZiangziu) is a group of mutually intelligible Min Nan Chinese dialects spoken throughout Southeast Asia, Taiwan, and by many other overseas Chinese. Hokkien originated from a dialect in southern Fujian. It is closely related to the Teochew, though mutual comprehension is difficult, and is somewhat more distantly related to Hainanese. Besides Hokkien, there are also other Min and Hakka dialects in Fujian province, most of which are not mutually intelligible with Hokkien.

The term Hokkien (; hkkn) is itself a term not used in Chinese to refer to the dialect, as it simply means Fujian province. In Chinese linguistics, these dialects are known by their classification under the Quanzhang Division (Chinese: ; pinyin: Quanzhang pian) of Min Nan, which comes from the first characters of the two main Hokkien urban centers Quanzhou and Zhangzhou. The variety is also known by other terms such as the more general Min Nan (traditional Chinese: , ; simplified Chinese: , ; pinyin: Minnanyu, Minnanhua; Peh-oe-ji: Ban-lam-gi,Ban-lam-oe) or Southern Min, and Fulaohua (traditional Chinese: ; simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: Fulaohua; Peh-oe-ji: Ho-lo-oe). The term Hokkien (Chinese: ; Peh-oe-ji: hok-kian oe;Tai-lo:Hok-kian-ue), on the other hand, is used commonly in South East Asia to refer to Min-nan dialects.
1. What is Hokkien?
2. Where is it used?
3. Where is it originated from?
4. Does it have sister languages?
5. What are they?
6. Do they understand each other?
7. When they say Hokkien what they mean in Chinese?
8. How they are classified?
9. How that name is derived?
10. Do they have other names?
11. What is one of them?
12. Any other name?
13. Where the term Hokkien mostly used?
14. What does it mean?
15. Going back what Hokkien means in pinyin?
16. How about what Quanzhang means in pinyin?

Numbered answers:
1. a group of Min Nan Chinese dialiects
2. throughout Southeast Asia, Taiwan, and by many other overseas Chinese.
3. southern Fujian
4. yes
5. Teochew and Hainanese.
6. mutual comprehension is difficult
7. Fujian province
8. under the Quanzhang Division
9. from the first characters of the two main Hokkien urban centers Quanzhou and Zhangzhou
10. yes
11. Min Nan
12. pinyin
13. in South East Asia
14. Min-nan dialects
15. pinyin: Minnanyu, Minnanhua;
16. pian

Question:
Read the text and answer the questions.
CHAPTER XVI

DICK AND DORA

"Oh, Dick, how lovely!"

"Weren't you afraid, Sam?"

"What a big flying machine, Tom!"

Such were the exclamations from Dora, Grace and Nellie, as all rushed forward to where the boys were alighting from the _Dartaway_. Soon they were shaking hands all around, and soon other girl students were coming up, to learn what the arrival of the flying machine meant.

"Well, we certainly had a great trip," said Dick.

"The wind was pretty strong," put in Sam.

"Strongest wind you ever saw!" declared Tom, stoutly. "Turned us over about 'steen times and rolled us into a regular ball."

"Oh, Tom, what an idea!" exclaimed Nellie, and began to laugh. "But weren't you afraid?" she went on anxiously.

"What, me? Never! But Sam was so afraid he shook off his shoes, and one of 'em dropped right on a cow, and----"

"Tom Rover!" burst out Grace. "What a story-teller you are!"

"Well, Grace, if you don't believe it, go and ask that cow," went on the fun-loving Rover, soberly. "It's lucky Sam has elastics on the shoes--to pull 'em back by. If he hadn't had----" Tom did not finish but shook his head mournfully.

"I am so glad you got here safely, Dick," said Dora, in a low voice. "But oh, do you think it is quite safe?" she went on, anxiously. "I--I don't want you to get hurt!"

"I guess it is safe enough, Dora," he replied, not wishing to alarm her. "It's like an auto--you've got to get used to it."
1. Who were speaking?
2. Who were getting down from the machine?
3. Who else?
4. Who wasn't afraid?
5. Who was?
6. What did he do?
7. Where did one fall?
8. Who didn't believe the story?
9. Who's afraid for the young men?
10. What's the machine like?
11. How was the flight?
12. What did it do?
13. What was it called?
14. What happened when they alighted?

Numbered answers:
1. Dora, Grace and Nellie,
2. Sam and dick
3. Dick
4. Tom
5. sam
6. Shook off his show
7. On a cow
8. Grace
9. Dora
10. Big
11. Windy
12. rolled them into a ball
13. Dartaway
14. shook hands with everyone

Question:
Read the text and answer the questions.
Romansh (also spelled Romansch, Rumantsch, or Romanche; Romansh: , "rumantsch", or ) is a Romance language spoken predominantly in the southeastern Swiss canton of Grisons (Graubunden), where it has official status alongside German and Italian and is used as the medium of instruction in schools in Romansh-speaking areas. Romansh has also been recognized as a national language of Switzerland since 1938 and as an official language along with German, French and Italian since 1996. It is sometimes grouped with Ladin and Friulian as a Rhaeto-Romance language, though this is disputed.

Romansh is a descendant of the spoken Latin language of the Roman Empire, which by the 5th century AD replaced the Celtic and Raetic languages previously spoken in the area, although Romansh retains a small number of words from these languages. Romansh has also been heavily influenced by German in vocabulary and morphosyntax. The language gradually retreated to its current area over the centuries, being replaced by Alemannic and Bavarian dialects. The earliest writing identified as Romansh dates from the 10th or 11th century, although major works do not appear until the 16th century when several regional written varieties began to develop. The 19th century saw a further shrinkage of the language area but also a literary revival and the start of a language movement dedicated to halting the decline of the language.
1. How many different ways can this be spelled?
2. What is the main spelling?
3. Where does it come from?
4. Is it widely known?
5. When was it first written?
6. What did it replace?
7. What language group is it part of?
8. Is it a national language?
9. Since when?
10. What others are also recognized?
Numbered answers:
1. six
2. Romansh
3. southeastern Swiss canton of Grisons
4. no
5. 5th century AD
6. the Celtic and Raetic languages previously spoken in the area
7. Romance languages
8. yes
9. since 1938
10. German, French and Italian