Question: Information: - Renaissance humanism is the study of classical antiquity, at first in Italy and then spreading across Western Europe in the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries. The term "Renaissance humanism" is contemporary to that periodRenaissance ("rinascimento" "rebirth") and "humanist" (whence modern "humanism"; also "Renaissance humanism" to distinguish it from later developments grouped as humanism). - The Italian Renaissance was the earliest manifestation of the general European Renaissance, a period of great cultural change and achievement that began in Italy during the 14th century and lasted until the 16th century, marking the transition between Medieval and Early Modern Europe. The term Renaissance is in essence a modern one that came into currency in the 19th century, in the work of historians such as Jules Michelet and Jacob Burckhardt. Although the origins of a movement that was confined largely to the literate culture of intellectual endeavor and patronage can be traced to the earlier part of the 14th century, many aspects of Italian culture and society remained largely Medieval; the Renaissance did not come into full swing until the end of the century. The French word "renaissance" ("Rinascimento" in Italian) means "Rebirth", and the era is best known for the renewed interest in the culture of classical antiquity after the period that Renaissance humanists labeled the Dark Ages. - Humanism is a philosophical and ethical stance that emphasizes the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively, and affirms their ability to improve their lives through the use of reason and ingenuity as opposed to submitting blindly to tradition and authority or sinking into cruelty and brutality. The term was coined in 1808 by the early nineteenth century German educational reformer and theologian Friedrich Niethammer and gradually adopted into English. Niethammer had wished to introduce into German education the humane values of ancient Greece and Rome. Niethhammer was a Lutheran theologian. Since the twentieth century, however, Anglophone humanist movements have usually been aligned with secularism, and today humanism typically refers to a non-theistic life stance centred on human agency and looking to science rather than revelation from a supernatural source to understand the world. - The English Renaissance was a cultural and artistic movement in England dating from the late 15th to the early 17th century. It is associated with the pan-European Renaissance that is usually regarded as beginning in Italy in the late 14th century. As in most of the rest of northern Europe, England saw little of these developments until more than a century later. The beginning of the English Renaissance is often taken, as a convenience, to be 1485, when the Battle of Bosworth ended the Wars of the Roses and inaugurated the Tudor Dynasty. Renaissance style and ideas, however, were slow to penetrate England, and the Elizabethan era in the second half of the 16th century is usually regarded as the height of the English Renaissance. - The Renaissance was a period in European history, from the 14th to the 17th century, regarded as the cultural bridge between the Middle Ages and modern history. It started as a cultural movement in Italy in the Late Medieval period and later spread to the rest of Europe, marking the beginning of the Early Modern Age. - The Northern Renaissance was the Renaissance that occurred in Europe north of the Alps. Before 1497, Italian Renaissance humanism had little influence outside Italy. From the late 15th century, its ideas spread around Europe. This influenced the German Renaissance, French Renaissance, English Renaissance, Renaissance in the Low Countries, Polish Renaissance and other national and localized movements, each with different characteristics and strengths. - The Renaissance in the Low Countries was a cultural period in the Northern Renaissance that took place in around the 16th century in the Low Countries (corresponding to modern-day Belgium, the Netherlands and French Flanders). - The German Renaissance, part of the Northern Renaissance, was a cultural and artistic movement that spread among German thinkers in the 15th and 16th centuries, which developed from the Italian Renaissance. Many areas of the arts and sciences were influenced, notably by the spread of Renaissance humanism to the various German states and principalities. There were many advances made in the fields of architecture, the arts, and the sciences. Germany produced two developments that were to dominate the 16th century all over Europe: printing and the Protestant Reformation. - The French Renaissance was the cultural and artistic movement in France between the 15th and early 17th centuries. The period is associated with the pan-European Renaissance, a word first used by the French historian Jules Michelet to define the artistic and cultural "rebirth" of Europe. - Hans Holbein the Younger ( c. 1497 -- between 7 October and 29 November 1543 ) was a German and Swiss artist and printmaker who worked in a Northern Renaissance style . He is best known as one of the greatest portraitists of the 16th century . He also produced religious art , satire , and Reformation propaganda , and made a significant contribution to the history of book design . He is called '' the Younger '' to distinguish him from his father , Hans Holbein the Elder , an accomplished painter of the Late Gothic school . Born in Augsburg , Holbein worked mainly in Basel as a young artist . At first he painted murals and religious works and designed for stained glass windows and printed books . He also painted the occasional portrait , making his international mark with portraits of the humanist Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam . When the Reformation reached Basel , Holbein worked for reformist clients while continuing to serve traditional religious patrons . His Late Gothic style was enriched by artistic trends in Italy , France , and the Netherlands , as well as by Renaissance humanism . The result was a combined aesthetic uniquely his own . Holbein travelled to England in 1526 in search of work , with a recommendation from Erasmus . He was welcomed into the humanist circle of Thomas More , where he quickly built a high reputation . After returning to Basel for four years , he resumed his career in England in 1532 . This time he worked under the patronage of Anne Boleyn and Thomas Cromwell . By 1535 , he was King 's Painter to King Henry VIII. In this role , he produced not only portraits and festive decorations but designs for jewellery , plate , and other precious objects . His portraits of the royal family and nobles are a record of the court in the years when Henry was asserting his supremacy over the English church . Holbein 's art was prized from early in his career . The French poet and reformer Nicholas Bourbon dubbed him '' the Apelles of our time , '' a typical contemporary accolade . Holbein has... 'hans holbein the younger' is related to which object entity through the relation of 'movement'? Choices: - french renaissance - german renaissance - humanism - italian renaissance - northern renaissance - renaissance
Answer:
german renaissance