TASK DEFINITION: Given a paragraph, generate a claim that is supported by the given paragraph. 1) The claim must contain information from within the paragraph. 2) A sentence within the paragraph can be used as a claim. 3) The claim should not have contradictions within the paragraph. 4) The claim should be at most one sentence long.
PROBLEM: All forms of marijuana were previously prohibited in carry-on bags and checked luggage. On Sunday, TSA updated its "What Can I bring?" guidance under medical marijuana. The FDA in June legalized a drug called Epidiolex, which is used to treat epilepsy in children. The TSA said in a statement that it was recently made aware of the drug and updated the regulations to avoid confusion on whether families can bring it when traveling. The new policy also includes some CBD oil, "as long as it is produced within the regulations defined by the law" under the 2018 Farm Bill, which legalized hemp and hemp derivatives. Hemp-derived CBD is low in or has no THC, the chemical that produces a high found in marijuana. The TSA's new rules still ban other forms of marijuana, including CBD oils that have THC, and cannabis-infused products that are still illegal under federal law. It's not clear how agents will determine the difference. But while agents screen for potential threats to planes and passengers, they do not search for marijuana or other illegal drugs. If they come across anything suspect, they refer it to law enforcement. The change in TSA's cannabis policy was first reported by Marijuana Moment.

SOLUTION: TSA allows flyers to travel with drug derived from marijuana.

PROBLEM: This is a tricky one. The story does not explicitly address cost, except to call text messaging "a scalable and affordable approach." For many (or most) patients, the cost of receiving four text messages a week would likely be negligible covered by an individual's phone plan or by nominal text rates. However, not everyone owns a mobile phone, a fact that makes access (and cost) a more significant issue. However, the story does deliver on this point. The story discusses both the number of U.S. adults who own mobile phones (90 percent) and the fact that text messages are more accessible than other forms of mobile health communication (such as apps, which require patients to own smartphones or other smart devices). So, while we'd prefer a more in-depth discussion here, we'll awarda Satisfactory rating for the story's nod in this direction. The story addresses the range of benefits reported in the study, such as reduced cholesterol and blood pressure, but doesn't quantify that information or offer readers any context. For example, while the story says "patients who had received the text messages had reduced their cholesterol," the JAMA paper reports that patients who received the text messages had a "mean difference [of] 5 mg/dL" in "LDL-C." In other words, the information in the paper, while quantified, probably isn't very useful to many readers outside the health industry. Is "a mean difference of5 mg/dL in LDL-C" good? Bad? Irrelevant? This is where reporters have an opportunity to shine. If a news story can take those numbers and translate them into language that is accessible to non-experts, it provides a very real service. It would have been great to see that here. As long as people aren't driving and checking their cell phones, there don't appear to be any harms associated with receiving well-meaning text messages four times a week, so we'll mark this one "not applicable." This is a strong suit. The story not only offers a concise, but good, summary of the study but it also goes out of its way to address the study's limitations. For example, the study notes that the study "can't tell us whether text messaging could eventually lead to fewer subsequent heart attacks among the patients receiving those messages or whether the positive health outcomes would continue past the six-month study window." Good points, and we're glad the story includes them. No disease mongering here. The story includes input from an outside expert who was not involved with the research. The story clearly meets our bar here, although it would have been stronger if it had reached out to at least one more independent source preferably one who hadn't written an editorial that ran in conjunction with the paper in JAMA. Yes, the editorial was independent and provides some insightful commentary. But it also means we already knew where this source stood on the issue. Finding another reputable expert, who hadn't already weighed in publicly on the work, would have been great. The focus of the story is not so much on how the text message intervention directly reduced heart disease risk, but on the extent to which it resulted in patients taking steps to reduce their own risk such as by exercising more, smoking less, making dietary changes, or taking prescription drugs on a regular basis. The story does discuss other "mobile health interventions," such as smartphone apps but notes that there don't appear to be many mobile health projects that rely simply on text messages. The story also looks at how the text messages helped patients pursue lifestyle changes like exercising more and smoking less that reduced their risk. It was fairly clear from the story that this was a clinical trial, and that this particular service doesn't seem to be available to offer customized, encouraging text messages for heart disease patients. From the start, the story frames this research in the context of the much larger "mobile health" field. For example, the story notes that "While there are more than 100,000 health-related apps on the market, the evidence to date is lacking as to whether many of those apps are safe or effective." Since the story includes quotes from an interview, we can be fairly certain it went beyond the related JAMA news release.

SOLUTION: Text Reminders Help People Lower Cholesterol, Blood Pressure

PROBLEM: Dr. Denis Mukwege, founder of a hospital in eastern Congo that has treated tens of thousands of victims of the country's conflicts for two decades, and Iraqi activist Nadia Murad received the prize at a ceremony in the Norwegian capital, Oslo. They split the 9-million-kronor ($1 million) amount. In an address interrupted by frequent applause, Mukwege criticized the international community for allowing Congolese to be "humiliated, abused and massacred for more than two decades in plain sight." "I insist on reparations, measures that give survivors compensation and satisfaction and enable them to start a new life," he said. "I call on states to support the initiative to create a global fund for reparations for victims of sexual violence in armed conflicts." He said countries should take a stand against "leaders who have tolerated, or worse, used sexual violence to take power. ... This red line would consist of imposing economic and political sanctions on these leaders and taking them to court." Dozens of armed groups in Congo profit from mining the country's trillions of dollars' worth of mineral resources, many of which are crucial to popular electronic products such as smartphones. "As consumers, let us at least insist that these products are manufactured with respect for human dignity. Turning a blind eye to this tragedy is being complicit," Mukwege said. An outspoken critic of Congo's government, he added: "My country is being systematically looted with the complicity of people claiming to be our leaders." Murad, a member of Iraq's Yazidi minority, was kidnapped and sexually abused by Islamic State militants in 2014. She became an activist after escaping and finding refuge in Germany. She told the ceremony that she wants world leaders to translate sympathy for victims into action against the abusers. "The fact remains that the only prize in the world that can restore our dignity is justice and the prosecution of criminals," Murad said. "Young girls at the prime of life are sold, bought, held captive and raped every day. It is inconceivable that the conscience of the leaders of 195 countries around the world is not mobilized to liberate these girls," she said. "What if they were a commercial deal, an oil field or a shipment of weapons? Most certainly, no efforts would be spared to liberate them," she said. Berit Reiss-Andersen, head of the Norwegian Nobel Committee that chooses the peace laureates, also said action was necessary. "This award obligates Denis Mukwege and Nadia Murad to continue their vital work. But the award obligates us to stand side by side with them in the struggle to end wartime sexual violence," she said. Back in Iraq, Murad's sister and brother who live in a camp for displaced Yazidi people in Dohuk in northern Iraq expressed their happiness for their sibling's Nobel Prize. "We are very happy, because on this date, Daesh was defeated in Iraq, on the same day Nadia is receiving her award ... This is like a tumor in the chest of Daesh. We are very glad, and very proud," her sister Khayriya Murad told The Associated Press at the family's caravan where a photo of Nadia hung on the wall. She was busy receiving congratulations from friends and camp management staff. Daesh is an Arabic acronym for the Islamic State group. The winners of the medicine, physics, chemistry and economics Nobels received their awards Monday in Stockholm; no winner of the literature prize was named this year. In comments at the awards banquet, William Nordhaus, an American who shared the economics prize for his work studying the consequences of climate change and proposing carbon taxes, took a swipe at those who are unwilling to address global warming. "Some obstacles are unnecessary and manmade, such as those posed by the financial interests of polluters or the ludicrous arguments of some of our politicians," he said. He shared the prize with Paul Romer, also of the United States, who was honored for studying how economies can encourage innovation. The chemistry prize went to Americans Frances Arnold and George Smith and Britain's Gregory Winter for work that speeds up the evolution of proteins and enzymes. James Allison of the United States and Japan's Tasuku Honjo shared the medicine prize for discoveries in activating the body's immune system to fight cancer. The physics prize was awarded to Donna Strickland of Canada, Gerard Mourou of France and Arthur Ashkin of the U.S. for developments in laser technology. ___ Associated Press writer David Keyton reported in Stockholm and AP writer Jim Heintz reported from Moscow. AP writer Rashid Yahya in Dohuk, Iraq, contributed to this report.

SOLUTION:
Nobel Peace winners urge global action vs. sexual violence.