Information: - Maria Waldmann ( 1844 -- 6 November 1920 ) was an Austrian mezzo - soprano who had a noted association with Giuseppe Verdi . She was born in Vienna in 1844 and studied with Francesco Lamperti . She dedicated herself to the Italian mezzo - soprano repertoire . She was heard with Teresa Stolz in September 1869 in a production of Don Carlo in Trieste . Thereafter she sang in Moscow and at La Scala , Milan where , in 1871 - 2 , she appeared in both La forza del destino and as Amneris in the European premiere of Aida ( 8 February 1872 ) . Despite Verdi 's initial reluctance to engage Waldmann for that premiere , she became his favorite Amneris . In 1874 , he again used her for the mezzo - soprano role in his Requiem , for which he wrote the Liber scriptus with her voice in mind . Verdi particularly valued her for the rich , dark color of her lower , contralto register . Verdi exploits that to great effect in the Liber scriptus , which focusses on the mid- and low - registers of the mezzo - soprano range . Maria Waldmann retired from the stage very early , at the age of only about 31 , after marrying Duke Galeazzo Massari . She lived with him at Palazzo Massari on Corso Parto Mare in Ferrara . After her retirement , she enjoyed Verdi 's and his wife 's affection for many years thereafter and she maintained a long correspondence with Verdi , almost until his death . Her husband died in 1902 , and she died in 1920 , in Ferrara . - A mezzo-soprano or mezzo (; meaning "half soprano") is a type of classical female singing voice whose vocal range lies between the soprano and the contralto voice types. The mezzo-soprano's vocal range usually extends from the A below middle C to the A two octaves above (i.e. AA in scientific pitch notation, where middle C = C). In the lower and upper extremes, some mezzo-sopranos may extend down to the F below middle C (F) and as high as "high C" (C). The mezzo-soprano voice type is generally divided into the coloratura, lyric, and dramatic mezzo-soprano. - Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi (9 or 10 October 1813 27 January 1901) was an Italian opera composer. - Opera (English plural: "operas"; Italian plural: "opere" ) is an art form in which singers and musicians perform a dramatic work combining text (libretto) and musical score, usually in a theatrical setting. In traditional opera, singers do two types of singing: recitative, a speech-inflected style and arias, a more melodic style. Opera incorporates many of the elements of spoken theatre, such as acting, scenery, and costumes and sometimes includes dance. The performance is typically given in an opera house, accompanied by an orchestra or smaller musical ensemble, which since the early 19th century has been led by a conductor. - Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice, and augments regular speech by the use of sustained tonality, rhythm, and a variety of vocal techniques. A person who sings is called a singer or vocalist. Singers perform music (arias, recitatives, songs, etc.) that can be sung with or without accompaniment by musical instruments. Singing is often done in an ensemble of musicians, such as a choir of singers or a band of instrumentalists. Singers may perform as soloists, or accompanied by anything from a single instrument (as in art song or some jazz styles) up to a symphony orchestra or big band. Different singing styles include art music such as opera and Chinese opera, religious music styles such as gospel, traditional music styles, world music, jazz, blues and popular music styles such as pop and rock. - A voice type is a particular human singing voice identified as having certain qualities or characteristics of vocal range, vocal weight, tessitura, vocal timbre, and vocal transition points ("passaggio"), such as breaks and lifts within the voice. Other considerations are physical characteristics, speech level, scientific testing, and vocal register. A singer's voice type is identified by a process known as voice classification, by which the human voice is evaluated and thereby designated into a particular voice type. The discipline of voice classification developed within European classical music and is not generally applicable to other forms of singing. Voice classification is often used within opera to associate possible roles with potential voices. Several different voice classification systems are available to identify voice types, including the German "Fach" system and the choral music system among many others; no system is universally applied or accepted. What is the relationship between 'maria waldmann' and 'german'?
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languages spoken or written