TASK DEFINITION: Given an abstract of a paper, generate a title for this paper such that conveys the key focus of the paper.
PROBLEM: Abstract: The metabolic effects of four oral contraceptives with different estrogen/progestogen profiles (monophasic nonalkylated estrogen/norethindrone, low-dose monophasic ethinyl estradiol (EE2)/norethindrone, progestogen only treatment with norethindrone, and triphasic EE2/levonorgestrel) were examined in insulin-dependent diabetic women. During the 6-month study period, no differences were found in fasting plasma glucose, 24-hour insulin requirements, glycated hemoglobin, free fatty acids, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio between the patients in each treatment group. Compared with the nonalkylated estrogen/norethindrone and the triphasic EE2/levonorgestrel formulations, the low-dose EE2/norethindrone combination resulted in small but significant increases in plasma triglyceride and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (P less than 0.01), which seemed unfavorable from a clinical point of view. Norethindrone-only treatment appeared to be an appropriate alternative to both the nonalkylated estrogen/norethindrone combination and the triphasic EE2/levonorgestrel formulations.

SOLUTION: Oral contraceptives in diabetic women: metabolic effects of four compounds with different estrogen/progestogen profiles.

PROBLEM: Abstract: Prolonged exposure to nitrous oxide produces a recognized neurologic syndrome. We report clinical and electrophysiologic studies of nervous system involvement in a 25-year-old student who abused nitrous oxide. He developed signs of a sensorimotor polyneuropathy and of myelopathy. Routine blood studies, CSF examination, and myelogram were normal. Clinical electrophysiologic studies were performed serially. Nerve conduction studies demonstrated reduced amplitude and slowed sensory potentials, and mildly prolonged late responses. Sensory evoked potentials revealed prolonged latency of scalp-evoked potentials from tibial nerve stimulation with normal median nerve values. The foveal visual evoked potential was delayed in the right eye, with normal visual acuity, funduscopic examination, and spatial contrast sensitivity. Repeat electrophysiologic studies demonstrated improvement. Nitrous oxide produces multifocal reversible dysfunction within the nervous system similar to that described in patients with vitamin B12 deficiency.

SOLUTION: Nitrous oxide: clinical and electrophysiologic investigation of neurologic complications.

PROBLEM: Abstract: Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) were generated that block two of the most important biologic activities of TSST-1, nonspecific T lymphocyte mitogenicity and the suppression of immunoglobulin synthesis. Fourteen hybridomas producing antibody against TSST-1 were isolated independently. The culture supernatant and ascitic fluids from each were analyzed to determine the mAb isotypes. Seven of the mAb were IgG1, and the remaining seven were IgM; all the mAb had kappa light chains. Immunoglobulin was partially purified from hybridoma-generated ascitic fluid by ammonium sulfate precipitation and tested for the ability to block TSST-1-induced mitogenicity and immunosuppression. Three mAb (all IgG1) were shown to block both the toxin-induced mitogenicity and the suppression. None of the mAb tested inhibited just one of the two toxin activities. The neutralizing mAb were then used in Western analysis with previously mapped cyanogen bromide (CNBr)-generated toxin fragments to localize the aforementioned biologic functions. The Western blot analysis showed that the mitogenic and the suppressive functions of TSST-1 were located on a 14,000 dalton internal CNBr fragment.

SOLUTION:
Localization of biologic functions of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 by use of monoclonal antibodies and cyanogen bromide-generated toxin fragments.