input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Typically, a series of several mutations that constitutively activate oncogenes and inactivate tumor suppressor genes is required to transform a normal cell into a cancer cell ( Figure below ). Cells have developed a number of control mechanisms to overcome mutations in proto-oncogenes. Therefore, a cell needs multiple mutations to transform into a cancerous cell. A mutation in one proto-oncogene would not cause cancer, as the effects of the mutation would be masked by the normal control of the cell cycle and the actions of tumor suppressor genes. Similarly, a mutation in one tumor suppressor gene would not cause cancer either, due to the presence of many "backup" genes that duplicate its functions. It is only when enough proto-oncogenes have mutated into oncogenes and enough tumor suppressor genes have been deactivated that the cancerous transformation can begin. Signals for cell growth overwhelm the signals for growth regulation, and the cell quickly spirals out of control. Often, because many of these genes regulate the processes that prevent most damage to the genes themselves, DNA damage accumulates as one ages. Q: What does a cell need to transform into a cancerous cell? A:
OPTIONS:
- microbes
- parasites
- adaptations
- mutations
output: mutations

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Most protists are so small that they can be seen only with a microscope. Protists are mostly unicellular (one-celled) eukaryotes. A few protists are multicellular (many-celled) and surprisingly large. For example, kelp is a multicellular protist that can grow to be over 100-meters long ( Figure below ). Multicellular protists, however, do not show cellular specialization or differentiation into tissues. That means their cells all look the same and, for the most part, function the same. On the other hand, your cells often are much different from each other and have special jobs. Q: What type of eukaryotes are protists normally? A:

OPTIONS:
- multicellular
- photosynthetic
- immature
- unicellular

A: unicellular

input: OPTIONS:
- genesis
- altostratus
- hypothalamus
- spermatogensis Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Sperm are produced in the testes in the process of spermatogenesis. Q: What process creates sperm? A:
A:
output: spermatogensis

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: What parts of the cell does cell differentiation involve changes in? A:

OPTIONS:
- cystine and cell wall
- endoderm and epidermis
- cell membrane and nucleus
- cytoplasm and cell wall

Answer: cytoplasm and cell wall

Problem: OPTIONS:
- chemical
- carbon
- homeostasis
- liquid
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Sublimation and deposition involve direct transitions between solid and gas without going through the liquid state. Q: Sublimation and deposition involve direct transitions between solid and gas without going through which state? A:
Answer: liquid

Answer the following question given this paragraph: The canoe paddles, nutcracker, and hammer that you read about in this lesson have something in common. All three are examples of a type of simple machine called a lever. Q: Canoe paddles, nutcracker, and hammer are examples of what type of simple machine? A:

OPTIONS:
- lock
- handle
- pivot
- lever

Answer:
lever