In one sentence, describe what the following article is about: Verify that the gun is not loaded by putting the ramrod down the barrel and measuring the distance that it can reach. It must reach all the way to the location of the touch hole in the pan. Use your cleaning rod to clean the barrel of any black powder residue, dirt or dust that may have accumulated. While loading the gun, keep it aimed straight up in the air and avoid putting your face over the barrel at any time, even while you're loading it. Most muzzleloaders will come with a swab (a piece of cloth used to lubricate the rifle) fitted to the slot in the cleaning rod. Apply gun lubricant to the inside of the barrel. Do not apply too much, as it can get in the touch hole and prevent ignition. A thin layer is sufficient, no more than the amount of sunscreen you'd put on your face Pour black powder from your horn or flask into the powder measurer to the appropriate mark, then pour the powder from the measurer into the muzzle. Tap the side of the rifle a few times with the flat of your hand to settle the powder. Using the smaller end of the bullet-starter, push the bullet into the barrel. Be gentle. When you get to the end of the starter, pull it out and use the longer end to push it farther down. Use the ramrod to seat the bullet securely on the powder charge. Use a short but firm motions to seat it, don't jam it in a stabbing motion like you see in old Civil War movies. There's a mark on the ramrod that will let you know when the bullet has been seated. When that mark lines up with the end of the barrel, the bullet should be seated properly. It's important to make sure the bullet is seated firmly on the charge, leaving no gaps between the powder and the bullet. With the gun pointed in a safe direction, use your priming tool to seat the cap on the nipple. Make sure the safety is on, if your rifle has one, or that you're at half-cock, if you're using a side-lock rifle.
Summary: Check the barrel. Lubricate the barrel. Measure your powder. Load your bullet. Load your percussion cap.

In one sentence, describe what the following article is about: Even though the words differ, you should still sing the Italian "happy birthday" song to the tune of the "happy birthday" song you likely learned in English. The most commonly used lyrics for the "happy birthday" song don't actually mention birthdays at all. Instead, you're using the indirect "best wishes" expression in place of "happy birthday" in the standard tune. You'll follow the expression with "a te" (ah tee), meaning "to you." The song lyrics are: Tanti auguri a te, Tanti auguri a te, Tanti auguri a (NAME), Tanti auguri a te! While it isn't used quite as often, you can technically use the direct "happy birthday" expression in place of the English expression in the standard song. As with the "tanti auguri" version, you'll need to follow the phrase with "a te" (ah tee), meaning "to you." In this version, the lyrics are: Buon compleanno a te, Buon compleanno a te, Buon compleanno a (NAME), Buon compleanno a te!
Summary: Use the familiar tune. Sing "tanti auguri" for several lines. Consider switching to "buon compleanno" instead.

In one sentence, describe what the following article is about: This is so that the top layer seams are offset with the bottom layer. You want each layer of blocks to be different from the one below it. For example, if the wall has straight edges on the ends, the next layer should start with a block that has been cut in half. Place the blocks onto the foundation before applying the adhesive. See how they look; ask yourself whether you need to make any significant cuts before gluing . Lay out one whole row before moving on to the next step. If you're working with blocks that have flanged tongues, simply line up the female groove of the top block with the male groove of the bottom block. Next, fit the top block overhead. Press down to make sure that each layer is secured tightly against the layer beneath it. Continue until retaining wall is its preferred height. If your wall is over 3 ft (.91 m) in height, you should offset each new row slightly back from the row below it, like very shallow stair steps. This will make your wall more stable and help create a better hold with the soil once you backfill. Look for a perforated pipe and lay it down the length of the retaining wall, covering it up with breathable backfill. Make sure water can drain out of your pipe, either at the ends or through an outlet in the middle of the wall. Topper stones usually come in rectangular shapes, making them more difficult to install in curved retaining walls. If you need to cut topper stones to fit the curve in your retaining wall, follow this trick: Lay stones #1 and #3 out in their pattern. Lay stone #2 on top of #1 and #3, drawing lines on #1 and #3 where stone #2 overlaps them. Cut stones #1 and #3 along those lines. Line up #1 and #3 into place, snugging #2 in between. Repeat, placing stone #4 on top of stones #3 and #5. Add plants, vines, or flowers as necessary. Your retaining wall is ready to be enjoyed.
Summary:
Start your second layer with a staggered pattern. Apply the recommended adhesive to the bottom blocks, once a layer has been provisionally laid out. Add drainage pipes to your retaining wall, if the wall is 2 feet (60 cm) or taller. Add topper stones, if desired. Place topsoil in the basin created by the retaining wall.