Answer the following question given this paragraph: Additional Land Plant Adaptations As plants adapted to dry land and became independent of the constant presence of water in damp habitats, new organs and structures made their appearance. Early land plants did not grow above a few inches off the ground, and on these low mats, they competed for light. By evolving a shoot and growing taller, individual plants captured more light. Because air offers substantially less support than water, land plants incorporated more rigid molecules in their stems (and later, tree trunks). The evolution of vascular tissue for the distribution of water and solutes was a necessary prerequisite for plants to evolve larger bodies. The vascular system contains xylem and phloem tissues. Xylem conducts water and minerals taken from the soil up to the shoot; phloem transports food derived from photosynthesis throughout the entire plant. The root system that evolved to take up water and minerals also anchored the increasingly taller shoot in the soil. In land plants, a waxy, waterproof cover called a cuticle coats the aerial parts of the plant: leaves and stems. The cuticle also prevents intake of carbon dioxide needed for the synthesis of carbohydrates through photosynthesis. Stomata, or pores, that open and close to regulate traffic of gases and water vapor therefore appeared in plants as they moved into drier habitats. Plants cannot avoid predatory animals. Instead, they synthesize a large range of poisonous secondary metabolites: complex organic molecules such as alkaloids, whose noxious smells and unpleasant taste deter animals. These toxic compounds can cause severe diseases and even death. Additionally, as plants coevolved with animals, sweet and nutritious metabolites were developed to lure animals into providing valuable assistance in dispersing pollen grains, fruit, or seeds. Plants have been coevolving with animal associates for hundreds of millions of years (Figure 14.6). Q: What are the pores in plants that keep certain gases and liquids in and out called? Choices: - lesions - chloroplasts - stigmata - stomata A:
stomata
(Question)
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The Krebs cycle is the second stage of cellular respiration. Q: What cycle is the second stage of cellular respiration? Choices: - electron transport chain - sodium potassium pump - glycolysis - krebs cycle A:
(Answer)
krebs cycle
Ques: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Ionic bonds form only between metals and nonmetals. That's because metals "want" to give up electrons, and nonmetals "want" to gain electrons. Find sodium (Na) in the Figure below . Sodium is an alkali metal in group 1. Like all group 1 elements, it has just one valence electron. If sodium loses that one electron, it will have a full outer energy level, which is the most stable arrangement of electrons. Now find fluorine (F) in the periodic table Figure below . Fluorine is a halogen in group 17. Like all group 17 elements, fluorine has seven valence electrons. If fluorine gains one electron, it will also have a full outer energy level and the most stable arrangement of electrons. Q: What type of bond generally forms between a metal and non-metal? Choices: - soluble - unbreakable - horizontal - ionic A:
Ans: ionic
(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: When a plant has what deficiency, guard cells may lose turgor and close stomata? Choices: - cold - light - air - water A:
(A).
water
Ques:Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Why does water have a high surface tension? Choices: - high freezing point - helium bonding - oxygenation - hydrogen bonding A:

Ans:hydrogen bonding
Ques: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Nonliving things can also be damaged by radiation. For example, high levels of radiation can remove electrons from metals. This may weaken metals in nuclear power plants and space vehicles, both of which are exposed to very high levels of radiation. Q: High levels of radiation can remove electrons from? Choices: - water - acids - humans - metals A:
Ans:
metals