Answer the following question given this paragraph: Osmoregulators and Osmoconformers Persons lost at sea without any fresh water to drink are at risk of severe dehydration because the human body cannot adapt to drinking seawater, which is hypertonic in comparison to body fluids. Organisms such as goldfish that can tolerate only a relatively narrow range of salinity are referred to as stenohaline. About 90 percent of all bony fish are restricted to either freshwater or seawater. They are incapable of osmotic regulation in the opposite environment. It is possible, however, for a few fishes like salmon to spend part of their life in fresh water and part in sea water. Organisms like the salmon and molly that can tolerate a relatively wide range of salinity are referred to as euryhaline organisms. This is possible because some fish have evolved osmoregulatory mechanisms to survive in all kinds of aquatic environments. When they live in fresh water, their bodies tend to take up water because the environment is relatively hypotonic, as illustrated in Figure 41.3a. In such hypotonic environments, these fish do not drink much water. Instead, they pass a lot of very dilute urine, and they achieve electrolyte balance by active transport of salts through the gills. When they move to a hypertonic marine environment, these fish start drinking sea water; they excrete the excess salts through their gills and their urine, as illustrated in Figure 41.3b. Most marine invertebrates, on the other hand, may be isotonic with sea water ( osmoconformers). Their body fluid concentrations conform to changes in seawater concentration. Cartilaginous fishes' salt composition of the blood is similar to bony fishes; however, the blood of sharks contains the organic compounds urea and trimethylamine oxide (TMAO). This does not mean that their electrolyte composition is similar to that of sea water. They achieve isotonicity with the sea by storing large concentrations of urea. These animals that secrete urea are called ureotelic animals. TMAO stabilizes proteins in the presence of high urea... Q: Organisms such as goldfish that can tolerate only a relatively narrow range of salinity are referred to as what? Choices: - antisaline - trichina - saline intolerant - stenohaline A:
stenohaline
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Cellular respiration brings hydrogen and oxygen together to form what? Choices: - cold - air - Salt - water A:
water
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: For thousands of years, humans have understood that characteristics such as eye color, hair color, or even flower color are passed from one generation to the next. The passing of characteristics from parent to offspring is called heredity . Humans have long been interested in understanding heredity. Many hereditary mechanisms were developed by scholars but were not properly tested or quantified. The scientific study of genetics did not begin until the late 19 th century. In experiments with garden peas, Austrian monk Gregor Mendel described the basic patterns of inheritance. Keep in mind that while we know about DNA and its role as the genetic material, Mendel did not know of the existence of DNA. Nor did he understand the concept of the chromosome or the process of meiosis, and yet, he was still able to correctly describe basic inheritance patterns. Q: In experiments with garden peas, austrian monk gregor mendel described the basic patterns of what? Choices: - behavior - preference - color - inheritance A:
A: inheritance
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The main agents of soil erosion are water and wind. Q: The two main agents of soil erosion are water and what else? Choices: - humidity - glaciers - steam - wind A:
Answer: wind
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Mercury(II) oxide is a red solid. When it is heated to a temperature above 500C, it easily decomposes into mercury and oxygen gas. The red color of the mercury oxide reactant becomes the silver color of mercury. The color change is the sign that the reaction is occurring. Q: What is the color of mercury(ii) oxide? Choices: - copper - blue - green - red A:
**Answer**
red
(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: A refrigerator must do work to reverse the normal direction of thermal energy flow. Work involves the use of force to move something, and doing work takes energy. In a refrigerator, the energy is usually provided by electricity. You can read in detail in the Figure below how a refrigerator does its work. For an animation of how a refrigerator works, go to this URL: http://www. chemistry. wustl. edu/~edudev/LabTutorials/CourseTutorials/LabTutorials/Thermochem/fridge_movie. html. Q: A refrigerator must do work to reverse the normal direction of what? Choices: - visible energy flow - coolant energy flow - spectral energy flow - thermal energy flow A:
(A).
thermal energy flow