input: The term "Great Plains", for the region west of about the 96th or 98th meridian and east of the Rocky Mountains, was not generally used before the early 20th century. Nevin Fenneman's 1916 study, Physiographic Subdivision of the United States, brought the term Great Plains into more widespread usage. Before that the region was almost invariably called the High Plains, in contrast to the lower Prairie Plains of the Midwestern states. Today the term "High Plains" is used for a subregion of the Great Plains.

Much of the Great Plains became open range, or rangeland where cattle roamed free, hosting ranching operations where anyone was theoretically free to run cattle. In the spring and fall, ranchers held roundups where their cowboys branded new calves, treated animals and sorted the cattle for sale. Such ranching began in Texas and gradually moved northward. In 1866-95, cowboys herded 10 million cattle north to rail heads such as Dodge City, Kansas and Ogallala, Nebraska; from there, cattle were shipped eastward. 1. How many cows were sent north?
2. When?
3. Who led them?
4. Where did they go?
5. In which cities?
6. Where did the trains take them?
7. Where were cows allowed to roam freely?
8. Who was allowed to have cows?
9. When did they round them up?
10. What happened to the baby cows?
11. Who did it?
12. Where did this type of ranching begin?
13. Did it move anywhere else? Return numbered answers in your output.

output: 1. 10 million
2. 1866-95
3. cowboys
4. rail heads
5. Dodge City, Kansas and Ogallala, Nebraska
6. eastward
7. Much of the Great Plains
8. anyone, theoretically
9. In the spring and fall
10. branded
11. the cowboys
12. Texas
13. yes

input: CHAPTER ONE.

TREATS OF OUR HERO'S EARLY LIFE, AND TOUCHES ON DOMESTIC MATTERS.

William Osten was a wanderer by nature. He was born with a thirst for adventure that nothing could quench, and with a desire to rove that nothing could subdue.

Even in babyhood, when his limbs were fat and feeble, and his visage was round and red, he displayed his tendency to wander in ways and under circumstances that other babies never dreamt of. He kept his poor mother in a chronic fever of alarm, and all but broke the heart of his nurse, long before he could walk, by making his escape from the nursery over and over again, on his hands and knees; which latter bore constant marks of being compelled to do the duty of feet in dirty places.

Baby Will never cried. To have heard him yell would have rejoiced the hearts of mother and nurse, for that would have assured them of his being near at hand and out of mischief--at least not engaged in more than ordinary mischief. But Baby Will was a natural philosopher from his birth. He displayed his wisdom by holding his peace at all times, except when very hard pressed by hunger or pain, and appeared to regard life in general in a grave, earnest, inquiring spirit. Nevertheless, we would not have it understood that Will was a slow, phlegmatic baby. By no means. His silence was deep, his gravity profound, and his earnestness intense, so that, as a rule, his existence was unobtrusive. But his energy was tremendous. What he undertook to do he usually did with all his might and main--whether it was the rending of his pinafore or the smashing of his drum! 1. where would he escape from as a baby?
2. did he do this just once?
3. what was he by nature?
4. was he skinny as a baby?
5. how was his body?
6. what about his limbs?
7. did he cry a lot?
8. would it make everyone happy if he did?
9. why?
10. did his mother worry about him?
11. what was he from the time he was born?
12. when would he not have peace?
13. did he have a lot of energy?
14. what would he do with his drum?
15. what was he thirsty for?
16. could he walk when escaping from the nursery?
17. how would he do it?
18. what is said about his silence?
19. what did he display by being peaceful?
20. what did he regard life in? Return numbered answers in your output.

output: 1. the nursery
2. no
3. wanderer
4. no
5. round and red
6. fat and feeble
7. no
8. yes
9. that would have assured them of his being near at hand
10. yes
11. philosopher
12. when very hard pressed by hunger or pain
13. yes
14. smash it
15. adventure
16. no
17. on his hands and knees
18. it was deep
19. his wisdom
20. a grave, earnest, inquiring spirit.

input: Symbiosis (from Greek "together" and "living") is close and often long-term interaction between two different biological species. In 1877 Albert Bernhard Frank used the word symbiosis (which previously had been used to depict people living together in community) to describe the mutualistic relationship in lichens. In 1879, the German mycologist Heinrich Anton de Bary defined it as "the living together of unlike organisms."

The definition of symbiosis has varied among scientists. Some believe symbiosis should only refer to persistent mutualisms, while others believe it should apply to any type of persistent biological interaction (in other words mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic). After 130 years of debate, current biology and ecology textbooks now use the latter "de Bary" definition or an even broader definition (where symbiosis means all species interactions), with the restrictive definition no longer used (in other words, symbiosis means mutualism).

Some symbiotic relationships are obligate, meaning that both symbionts entirely depend on each other for survival. For example, many lichens consist of fungal and photosynthetic symbionts that cannot live on their own. Others are facultative (optional): they can, but do not have to live with the other organism. 1. What has varied among scientists?
2. What do some believe?
3. What about others?
4. How else could you describe it?
5. How many years was it debated?
6. What is used now?
7. By what?
8. What word is being defined?
9. What language did it originate from?
10. How was it used in 1877?
11. How was it used previously?
12. What about in 1879?
13. By whom?
14. What was his occupation?
15. Nationality?
16. What is obligate?
17. What does that mean?
18. What about others?
19. Meaning?
20. What does symbiosis mean in other words?
21. Are they biological? Return numbered answers in your output.

output:
1. The definition of symbiosis.
2. That it should only refer to persistent mutualisms.
3. They believe it should apply to any persistent biological interaction.
4. Mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic.
5. 130 years.
6. De Bary definition.
7. A broader definition.
8. Symbiosis.
9. Greek.
10. To describe the mutualistic relationship in lichens.
11. To depict people living together in community
12. The living together of unlike organisms.
13. Heinrich Anton de Bary.
14. Mycologist
15. German.
16. Some symbiotic relationships.
17. It means both symbionts entirely depend on each other for survival.
18. They are falculative.
19. Optional
20. It's the close and sometimes long-term interaction between two species.
21. Yes.