input: Make use of the article to answer the questions. (Mental Floss) -- Over the centuries, people have had some very good reasons to dress up like a member of the opposite sex.

And I'm not talking about people who live this way out of personal preference, or those who dress up for theater and entertainment.

Here are just five examples.

1. Cross-dressing to join the army

Until recently, women have rarely been allowed to serve as soldiers.

So what was a gal to do if she wanted to serve her country? Naturally, disguise herself as a man and join the troops.

At least 400 Civil War soldiers were women in drag. These included Union Army soldier "Frank Thompson" (also known as Sarah Edmonds), whose small frame and feminine mannerisms (rather than causing suspicion) made her an ideal spy, as she could spy on the Confederates disguised as... a woman!

She wasn't the first woman to don a male disguise and join the army, though. During the Revolutionary War, women fought as men on both sides.

Hannah Snell, for example, joined the British army to find her husband, who had walked out on her to enlist.

Once her true sex was discovered (thanks to a pesky groin injury), she became a national celebrity in Britain, and made a post-war career of performing in bars as the "Female Warrior." Mental Floss: The Confederacy's plan to conquer Latin America

2. Cross-dressing to keep a royal family together

With all the power play that went on in the court, the French royal family would go to great lengths to avoid sibling rivalry. In one of the more extreme cases, Philippe I, Duke of Orleans (1640-1701), was raised as a girl to discourage him from any political or military aspirations. 1. Were women always allowed in the military?
2. How could a women participate, despite the regulations against it?
3. During which war did this happen?
4. Was it limited to only one side of the conflict?
5. What name did Sarah Edmonds use to enlist?
6. In what war did she fight?
7. How many other women joined her?
8. Sarah's statue made her an ideal candidate for what position?
9. Why did Hannah Snell join the army?
10. Which army had he joined?
11. Did Hannah become famous?
12. How was she caught?
13. Where did she perform?
14. As what character?
15. Which royal family member was raised as a member of the opposite sex?
16. When did he live?
17. What did his family want to discourage him from?
18. What type of competition was being avoided?
19. In what country did Hannah Snell become famous after her discharge?
numbered_answers: 1. no
2. disguise herself as a man
3. Revolutionary War
4. no
5. Frank Thompson
6. Civil War
7. At least 400
8. a spy
9. to find her husband
10. the British army
11. yes
12. a groin injury
13. bars
14. the "Female Warrior"
15. Philippe I
16. 1640-1701
17. political or military aspirations
18. sibling rivalry
19. Britain

input: Make use of the article to answer the questions. MarxismLeninism is the political ideology adopted by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and Comintern, which its proponents consider to be based on Marxism and Leninism. The term was suggested by Joseph Stalin and gained wide circulation in the Soviet Union after Stalin's 1938 "History of the VKP(b). A Brief Course," which became an official standard textbook.

The goal of MarxismLeninism, according to its proponents, is the development of a state into what it considers a socialist state through the leadership of a revolutionary vanguard composed of "professional" revolutionaries, an organic part of the working class who come to socialist consciousness as a result of the dialectic of class struggle. The socialist state, which according to MarxismLeninism represents a "dictatorship of the proletariat", is primarily or exclusively governed by the party of the revolutionary vanguard through the process of democratic centralism, which Vladimir Lenin described as "diversity in discussion, unity in action." Through this policy, the communist party (or equivalent) is the supreme political institution of the state and primary force of societal organisation. MarxismLeninism professes its final goal as the development of socialism into the full realisation of communism, a classless social system with common ownership of the means of production and with full social equality of all members of society. To achieve this goal, the communist party mainly focuses on the intensive development in industry, science and technology, which lay the basis for continual growth of the productive forces and therein increases the flow of material wealth. All land and natural resources are publicly owned and managed, with varying forms of public ownership of social institutions. 1. What does the socialist state represent?
2. Who described it using the word unity?
3. What ideological framework does the party of communism use?
4. who came up with this term?
5. what year did it become more widely used?
6. after what book was circulated?
7. what kind of a state do its followers want to develop?
8. using leaders made up of what?
9. which is a natural development of what class of people?
10. resulting from what struggling?
numbered_answers: 1. a "dictatorship of the proletariat
2. Vladimir Lenin
3. Marxism and Leninism.
4. Joseph Stalin
5. 1938
6. History of the VKP(b). A Brief Course
7. a socialist state
8. a revolutionary vanguard composed of "professional" revolutionaries
9. the working class
10. the dialectic of class struggle

input: Make use of the article to answer the questions. CHAPTER XXII

HAIL

A thin crescent moon hung low in the western sky. The prairie was wrapped in silent shadows. Leland stood outside the homestead, with the bridle of an impatient horse in his hand, and talked with his wife. There was only one light in the house behind them, and everything was very still, but Leland knew that two men who could be trusted to keep good watch were wide awake that night. The barrel of a Marlin rifle hung behind his shoulders, glinting fitfully when it caught the light as he moved. Without thinking of what he was doing, he fingered the clip of the sling.

"The moon will be down in half an hour, and it will be quite dark before I cross the ravine near Thorwald's place," he said. "Jim Thorwald is straight, and standing by the law, but none of us are quite sure of all of his boys. Anyway, we don't want anybody to know who's riding to the outpost."

Carrie laid her hand upon his arm. "I suppose you must go, this once at least."

"Of course!" said Leland with a smile. "If I'm wanted, I must go again. The trouble's spreading."

"Then," said Carrie, "why can't they bring more troopers in? Why did you ever have anything to do with it, Charley?"

"It seemed necessary. A man has to hold on to what is his."

Carrie's fingers tightened on his arm. "Perhaps it is so; I suppose it must be; but, after all, I don't think that was your only reason. I mean, when you started the quarrel. No, you needn't turn away. I want you to look at me." 1. Who was standing outsdie?
2. What was his wife's name?
3. Was the prairie loud?
4. What was it?
5. Did he trust some men to keep a watch?
6. How many/
7. Was there a thin crescent moon?
8. Where exactly?
9. Was there only one light in the house behind them?
10. Was Leland a part of a trooper?
numbered_answers:
1. Leland
2. Carrie
3. no
4. silent
5. yes
6. two
7. yes
8. in the western sky
9. yes
10. no