TASK DEFINITION: Rewrite each original sentence in order to make it easier to understand by non-native speakers of English. You can do so by replacing complex words with simpler synonyms (i.e. paraphrasing), deleting unimportant information (i.e. compression), and/or splitting a long complex sentence into several simpler ones. The final simplified sentences need to be grammatical, fluent, and retain the main ideas of their original counterparts without altering their meanings.
PROBLEM: The first fifteen asteroids to be discovered were given symbols by astronomers as a type of short-hand notation.

SOLUTION: The first fifteen asteroids discovered by astronomers used short-hand notation to give them symbols.

PROBLEM: Climate Tibooburra has an arid, desert climate with temperatures soaring above 40 Celsius (104 F) in summer, often reaching as high as 47 C (117 F).

SOLUTION: Tibooburra has a dry, desert climate with temps above 104 F in summer, often reaching 117 F.

PROBLEM: John Paul Stevens (born April 20, 1920) is the senior Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.

SOLUTION:
The senior associates justice of the U.S. Supreme Corut is named John Paul Stevens.