Question: A Creative Commons (CC) license is one of several public copyright licenses that enable the free distribution of an otherwise copyrighted work. A CC license is used when an author wants to give people the right to share, use, and build upon a work that they have created. CC provides an author flexibility (for example, they might choose to allow only non-commercial uses of his/her own work) and protects the people who use or redistribute an author's work from concerns of copyright infringement as long as they abide by the conditions that are specified in the license by which the author distributes the work.

There are several types of CC licenses. The licenses differ by several combinations that condition the terms of distribution. They were initially released on December 16, 2002 by Creative Commons, a U.S. non-profit corporation founded in 2001. There have also been five versions of the suite of licenses, numbered 1.0 through 4.0. , the 4.0 license suite is the most current.

In October 2014 the Open Knowledge Foundation approved the Creative Commons CC BY, CC BY-SA and CC0 licenses as conformant with the "Open Definition" for content and data.

Work licensed under a Creative Commons license is governed by applicable copyright law. This allows Creative Commons licenses to be applied to all work falling under copyright, including: books, plays, movies, music, articles, photographs, blogs, and websites. Creative Commons does not recommend the use of Creative Commons licenses for software. 1. when were Creative Commons licenses first released?
2. who released them?
3. is that a for profit foundation?
4. when was it founded?
5. what is a Creative Commons license?
6. is it recommended for software?
7. what types of work can it be applied to?
8. what version is the most current suite?
9. how many versions have there been?
10. which licenses were approved as conforming to the "Open Definition" for content and data?
11. who approved them?
12. when did it give approval?
13. when should an author use a CC license?
14. who does the license protect?
15. from what? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers: 1. December 16, 2002
2. Creative Commons
3. no
4. 2001
5. enables the free distribution of an otherwise copyrighted work
6. no
7. books, plays, movies, music, articles, photographs, blogs, and websites
8. the 4.0
9. Five
10. CC BY, CC BY-SA and CC0 licenses
11. the Open Knowledge Foundation
12. In October 2014
13. when they want to give people the right to share, use, and build upon a work that they have created
14. the people who use or redistribute an author's work
15. concerns of copyright infringement

Question: Counterfeit goods, or false versions of products, may cost the government of Kenya as much as $1 billion each year. The fake goods also hurt business owners who find it hard to keep customers. But information technology is being used to try to stop the problem. Jemima Mwafigu is a 34-year-old businesswoman who sells products like perfume. But in the first year of running her business, she found it hard to keep customers because of counterfeit goods.

Ms. Mwafigu says her business has improved since she began using a smart phone application called Barcode Scanner. The app is used to authenticate products. It checks to make sure the products are not counterfeit.

"With this application I'm able to scan the bar codes of each perfume and instantly I get the production date, the _ and I'm able to know the safety," she says. "That way, I have confidence in selling to my customers."

In 2010, Kenya created the Anti-Counterfeit Agency, or ACA, to fight against illegal trade. The ACA has successfully asked government officials for stronger punishments for counterfeiters.

Agnes Karingu is the agency's acting director for research and awareness. She says the ACA is trying to stay one step ahead of those making fake goods.

"We are also looking into IT solutions where we can be able to use SMS programs, bar codes and information sharing," she says. "The end users of the products will actually be able to get the authentication information, and this information comes back to ACA and intellectual property rights holders."

The agency is testing another program called Allvirtuous. The application is another way to find out if a product is real or not by scanning its barcode. The barcode information is sent to a database. Then a result is sent back to the app.

The International Chamber of Commerce is a global business organization. It says the value of counterfeit goods produced around the world is expected to be more than $1.7 trillion this year. 1. What are counterfeit goods?
2. Do they hurt business owners?
3. What action has Kenya taken to prevent it?
4. What has the ACA done?
5. Has the Kenyan government lost much money due to counterfeiting?
6. How much per year?
7. Are there any tools business owners can use to prevent it?
8. What?
9. What does that show?
10. Who is the ACAS director?
11. What else is the ACA trying tp accomplish?
12. What is the International Chamber of Commerce? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers: 1. false versions of products
2. yes
3. created the Anti-Counterfeit Agency, or ACA
4. successfully asked government officials for stronger punishments for counterfeiters
5. yes
6. 1 billion dollars
7. yes
8. a Barcode Scanner application
9. the production date
10. Agnes Karingu
11. use of SMS programs, bar codes and information sharing
12. a global business organization

Question: To get to the tennis court, Conner Stroud has to push his wheelchair there.

The 15-yea-old from North Carolina, US was born without legs. But when he picks up his racquet and begins to hit a ball, you quickly see that the young man just want to win.

Stroud began playing tennis at age 5 at the small tennis club his parents own. For years, he played against able-bodied players by putting rubber on the stumps of his legs. Though he was a foot (30.48cm) or two shorter than many of the players he played against, he won a number of matches. He became well-known enough that he got to meet Rafael Nadal, his favorite player at the US Open in 2013.

"The most important thing is that he's happy," Nadal told reports about Stroud after that 15-minute meeting. "He's playing tennis... That's a great example of being happy even if life doesn't give you everything."

Stroud started playing wheelchair tennis at 13 and now he is No 1 in the US.

Earlier this summer, he played for the US in the world's biggest junior wheelchair team tennis event --- the World Team Cup. He played six matches and won five of them as the US won the cup for the first time since 2000.

"He is a polite boy , but he will rip your heart out trying to beat you," Jason Harnett, a United States Tennis Association coach, said of Stroud. "You see that attitude in a lot of the best players, whether they are able-bodied or disabled.

Teenage players can often get disappointed and angry. Racquets sometimes get thrown. Players shout at themselves after missed shots. Stroud never does that.

" I just try to stay positive," Stroud said. "After every point, I try to say I'm going to win the next point, or the next game, or the next game, or the whole match.

" There's always room to be positive . You can always win another time." 1. When did Stroud start playing tennis?
2. Where?
3. Who owned it?
4. What was he missing at birth?
5. How did he play against people with legs?
6. What did he use rubber for?
7. Did this equalize their heights?
8. What difference remained?
9. How old is he now?
10. How does he get around?
11. What kind of tennis does he play?
12. Is he ranked?
13. What?
14. When did he start playing this?
15. When did he play in the World Team Cup?
16. How many matches was he in?
17. How many did he lose?
18. Who is his favorite player?
19. Did he meet him?
20. When? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers:
1. Age 5
2. At the tennis club
3. his parents
4. legs
5. his wheelchair
6. by putting it on the stumps of his legs
7. No
8. a foot (30.48cm) or two
9. 15
10. his wheelchair
11. wheelchair
12. Yes
13. No 1
14. At 13
15. Earlier this summer
16. six
17. He won five of them
18. Rafael Nadal
19. Yes
20. in 2013