input: OPTIONS:
- Metal
- calcium
- potassium
- magnesium Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: low, the two metals with the highest ionization energies (beryllium and magnesium) do form compounds that exhibit some covalent characters. Like the alkali metals, the heavier alkaline earth metals impart color to a flame. As in the case of the alkali metals, this is part of the emission spectrum of these elements. Calcium and strontium produce shades of red, whereas barium produces a green color. Magnesium is a silver-white metal that is malleable and ductile at high temperatures. Passivation decreases the reactivity of magnesium metal. Upon exposure to air, a tightly adhering layer of magnesium oxycarbonate forms on the surface of the metal and inhibits further reaction. (The carbonate comes from the reaction of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. ) Magnesium is the lightest of the widely used structural metals, which is why most magnesium production is for lightweight alloys. Magnesium (shown in Figure 18.6), calcium, strontium, and barium react with water and air. At room temperature, barium shows the most vigorous reaction. The products of the reaction with water are hydrogen and the metal hydroxide. The formation of hydrogen gas indicates that the heavier alkaline earth metals are better reducing agents (more easily oxidized) than is hydrogen. As expected, these metals react with both acids and nonmetals to form ionic compounds. Unlike most salts of the alkali metals, many of the common salts of the alkaline earth metals are insoluble in water because of the high lattice energies of these compounds, containing a divalent metal ion. Q: Which is the lightest of the widely used structural metals? A:
A:
output: magnesium

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Symphysis A cartilaginous joint where the bones are joined by fibrocartilage is called a symphysis ("growing together"). Fibrocartilage is very strong because it contains numerous bundles of thick collagen fibers, thus giving it a much greater ability to resist pulling and bending forces when compared with hyaline cartilage. This gives symphyses the ability to strongly unite the adjacent bones, but can still allow for limited movement to occur. Thus, a symphysis is functionally classified as an amphiarthrosis. The gap separating the bones at a symphysis may be narrow or wide. Examples in which the gap between the bones is narrow include the pubic symphysis and the manubriosternal joint. At the pubic symphysis, the pubic portions of the right and left hip bones of the pelvis are joined together by fibrocartilage across a narrow gap. Similarly, at the manubriosternal joint, fibrocartilage unites the manubrium and body portions of the sternum. The intervertebral symphysis is a wide symphysis located between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae of the vertebral column. Here a thick pad of fibrocartilage called an intervertebral disc strongly unites the adjacent vertebrae by filling the gap between them. The width of the intervertebral symphysis is important because it allows for small movements between the adjacent vertebrae. In addition, the thick intervertebral disc provides cushioning between the vertebrae, which is important when carrying heavy objects or during high-impact activities such as running or jumping. Q: A cartilaginous joint where the bones are joined by fibrocartilage is called a what? A:

OPTIONS:
- vesicles
- mitosis
- Testes
- symphysis

Answer: symphysis

Problem: OPTIONS:
- sprillia
- filamentous
- asexual
- chemosynthetic
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Tubeworms deep in the Galapagos Rift get their energy from chemosynthetic bacteria. Tubeworms have no mouth, eyes, or stomach. Their survival depends on a symbiotic relationship with the billions of bacteria that live inside them. These bacteria convert the chemicals that shoot out of the hydrothermal vents into food for the worm. Q: Tubeworms deep in the galapagos rift get their energy from what type of bacteria? A:
Answer: chemosynthetic

Problem:OPTIONS:
- mollusks
- diatoms
- chordates
- echinoderms

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Echinoderms are named for their "spiny skin. " However, the spines aren't on their skin. They are part of the endoskeleton. The endoskeleton consists of calcium carbonate plates and spines, covered by a thin layer of skin. Adult echinoderms have radial symmetry. This is easy to see in the sea star and sand dollar in Figure above . However, echinoderms evolved from an ancestor with bilateral symmetry. Evidence for this is the bilateral symmetry of their larvae. Q: What type of organism, including sea stars and sand dollars, is named for their spiny skin? A:
****
A: echinoderms

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Bacteria are the most diverse and abundant group of organisms on Earth. They live in almost all environments. They are found in the ocean, the soil, and the intestines of animals. They are even found in rocks deep below Earth's surface. Any surface that has not been sterilized is likely to be covered with bacteria. The total number of bacteria in the world is amazing. It's estimated to be 5 10 30 , or five million trillion. You have more bacteria in and on your body than you have body cells!. Q: What is the most diverse and abundant group of organisms on earth, numbering in the millions of trillions? A:
OPTIONS:
- viruses
- pests
- pathogens
- bacteria
bacteria

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Consider a gigantic tub filled with water as shown below. A column of water with a cross-sectional area of 1.00 m 2 is designated. If we multiply the cross-sectional area by the height of the column, we get the volume of water in this column. We can then multiply this volume by the density of water, 1000. kg/m 3 , and get the mass of water in the column. We then multiply this mass by the acceleration due to gravity, , to get the weight of the water in this column. Q: What do you get by multiplying volume by the density of water? A:
OPTIONS:
- velocity of water
- temperature of water
- weight of water
- mass of water

Answer:
mass of water