Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

[EX Q]: 1,8-Cineole, the main monoterpene in many essential oils, has been used as an ingredient in flavourings and medicine. 1,8-Cineole has been shown to possess pharmacological properties, including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive actions. However, to date, no studies have examined the potential of 1,8-cineole to protect against cerebral ischaemic injury.', 'In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of 1,8-cineole against cortical neuronal/glial cell injury caused by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) in an in-vitro model of ischaemia.', '1,8-Cineole significantly attenuated OGD/R-induced cortical cell injury, as well as reduced n-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-induced cell injury. However, it did not inhibit NMDA-induced cytosolic calcium overload. Nevertheless, 1,8-cineole significantly reduced the OGD/R- and NMDA-induced overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These results indicate that 1,8-cineole exerts neuroprotection through its anti-oxidative rather than its anti-excitotoxic, properties. The decrease in OGD/R-induced intracellular superoxide in 1,8-cineole-treated cortical cells was associated with the upregulation of superoxide dismutase activity. Moreover, 1,8-cineole showed direct ROS scavenging activity in an assay of oxygen radical absorbance capacity.
[EX A]: 1

[EX Q]: To investigate if diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy despite long disease duration have different human leukocyte antigen (HLA) status vs those with an early onset of retinopathy.', 'Retrospective, nonrandomized, masked comparative study. Type 1 diabetic patients with a disease onset before age 30 were recruited to the study. The study population consisted of two groups of diabetic patients: those with normal retinopathy course (retinopathy developed during the first 20 years of diabetes onset) (23 patients) and those with postponed retinopathy (no obvious retinopathy in spite of passing 20 years of diabetes) (19 patients). These groups were matched with regard to level of glycemic control, blood pressure, and lipid profile. A group of 23 healthy patients served as controls. HLA-DQB1 typing of blood samples was done using a polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primer (PCR-SSP) method.', 'HLA-DQB1*0201/HLA-DQB1*0501 and HLA-DQB1*0201/HLA-DQB1*0504 haplotypes were more common among type 1 diabetic patients with normal retinopathy course than those with postponed retinopathy (26.1% vs 0.0%; p=0.019). HLA-DQB1*0301 and HLA-DQB1*0304 were less common among those diabetic patients with normal retinopathy course than those with a postponed retinopathy (63.2% vs 34.8%; p=0.067).
[EX A]: 1

[EX Q]: Alloreactive NK cells play a role in tumor eradication after allogeneic HLA mismatched stem cell transplantation (SCT). The effect of NK alloreactivity in HLA identical SCT is still under debate and in particular in transplantation for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) the data are very limited and with conflicting outcome. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of KIR genes and KIR ligands on leukemia free survival (LFS) and relapse rate in a well-defined, homogeneous group of CML patients phase upon HLA identical sibling SCT.', 'We retrospectively analyzed the effect of KIRs and KIR ligands (C1 and C2) on LFS and relapse in 70 CML patients in 1st chronic phase, who had received an HLA identical sibling graft. For KIR typing we used a single PCR based KIR typing protocol that also included primers allowing for the identification of the KIR binding site on HLA-Cw (AA 77 and 80).', 'The data show clear differences in transplant outcome between patients having both ligands (C1 and C2) as compared to patients having only one ligand (C1 or C2). In the latter group, the stimulatory KIR2DS5 gene was associated with improved leukemia free survival (p=0.007; hazard ratio 4.3; 95% confidence interval 1.3-6.7) and lower relapse rates (p=0.028; HR 4.3, 95% CI 1.1-9.1). In contrast, in patients carrying both ligands, KIR2DS5 was associated with reduced LFS (p=0.0056; HR 0.3; 95% CI 0.1-0.7) and higher relapse rate (p=0.02; HR 0.35, 95% CI 0.1-0.8).
[EX A]:
0