input: OPTIONS:
- exactly perpendicular
- chaotic
- randomly
- nearly perpendicular Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The axes of rotation of the planets are mostly nearly perpendicular to the orbital plane. Q: How do planets usually rotate to their orbital planes? A:
A:
output: nearly perpendicular

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: What is located at the center of our solar system? A:

OPTIONS:
- a black hole
- the moon
- the earth
- the sun

Answer: the sun

Problem: OPTIONS:
- parasites
- proteins
- pollution
- mutations
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Sequencing the human genome has increased our knowledge of genetic disorders. These are diseases caused by mutations. They may be caused by single gene mutations or the failure of chromosomes to separate correctly during meiosis. Q: What causes genetic disorders? A:
Answer: mutations

Problem:OPTIONS:
- divergent
- convergent
- pioneer
- founder

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Founder effect occurs when a few individuals start, or found, a new population. By chance, allele frequencies of the founders may be different from allele frequencies of the population they left. An example is described in the Figure below . Q: What effect occurs when a few individuals start, or found, a new population? A:
****
A: founder

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Organisms that have a diploid life cycle spend the majority of their lives as diploid adults. All diploid adults inherit half of their DNA from each parent. When they are ready to reproduce, diploid reproductive cells undergo meiosis and produce haploid gametes. These gametes then fuse through fertilization and produce a diploid zygote, which immediately enters G 1 of the cell cycle. Next, the zygote's DNA is replicated. Finally, the processes of mitosis and cytokinesis produce two genetically identical diploid cells. Through repeated rounds of growth and division, this organism becomes a diploid adult and the cycle continues. This is the life cycle of humans. Q: What is the series of changes in the life of an organism? A:
OPTIONS:
- insect metamorphosis
- evolution
- circle of life
- life cycle
life cycle

Answer the following question given this paragraph: 30.5 Applications of Atomic Excitations and De-Excitations 30. Figure 30.39 shows the energy-level diagram for neon. (a) Verify that the energy of the photon emitted when neon goes from its metastable state to the one immediately below is equal to 1.96 eV. (b) Show that the wavelength of this radiation is 633 nm. (c) What wavelength is emitted when the neon makes a direct transition to its ground state? 31. A helium-neon laser is pumped by electric discharge. What wavelength electromagnetic radiation would be needed to pump it? See Figure 30.39 for energy-level information. Ruby lasers have chromium atoms doped in an aluminum oxide crystal. The energy level diagram for chromium in a ruby is shown in Figure 30.64. What wavelength is emitted by a ruby laser?. Q: A desmosome is a cell structure that anchors the ends of what fibers together? A:
OPTIONS:
- skeletal muscle
- controllable muscle
- smooth muscle
- cardiac muscle

Answer:
cardiac muscle