TASK DEFINITION: Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
PROBLEM: Abstract: To test the hypothesis that occlusive apneas result from sleep-induced periodic breathing in association with some degree of upper airway compromise, periodic breathing was induced during non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep by administering hypoxic gas mixtures with and without applied external inspiratory resistance (9 cmH2O X l-1 X s) in five normal male volunteers. In addition to standard polysomnography for sleep staging and respiratory pattern monitoring, esophageal pressure, tidal volume (VT), and airflow were measured via an esophageal catheter and pneumotachograph, respectively, with the latter attached to a tight-fitting face mask, allowing calculation of total pulmonary system resistance (Rp). During stage I/II NREM sleep minimal period breathing was evident in two of the subjects; however, in four subjects during hypoxia and/or relief from hypoxia, with and without added resistance, pronounced periodic breathing developed with waxing and waning of VT, sometimes with apneic phases. Resistive loading without hypoxia did not cause periodicity. At the nadir of periodic changes in VT, Rp was usually at its highest and there was a significant linear relationship between Rp and 1/VT, indicating the development of obstructive hypopneas. In one subject without added resistance and in the same subject and in another during resistive loading, upper airway obstruction at the nadir of the periodic fluctuations in VT was observed. We conclude that periodic breathing resulting in periodic diminution of upper airway muscle activity is associated with increased upper airway resistance that predisposes upper airways to collapse.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Induction of periodic breathing during sleep causes upper airway obstruction in humans. option2: Standards for monitoring during anesthesia at Harvard [letter]

SOLUTION: Induction of periodic breathing during sleep causes upper airway obstruction in humans.

PROBLEM: Abstract: Computerised tomography of the lumbar spine was performed on 22 patients with clinical evidence of prolapse of an intervertebral disc and normal or equivocal radiculograms. Of 11 patients with positive scans who had an operation the presence of pathology was confirmed in 10. Although CT scanning is always helpful in diagnosing disc disorders, where facilities are scarce (as in Great Britain) it is best employed in patients with negative or non-contributory radiculography.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: The role of computerised tomography in intervertebral disc prolapse. option2: Yellow nail syndrome [letter]

SOLUTION: The role of computerised tomography in intervertebral disc prolapse.

PROBLEM: Abstract: The use of atracurium during major abdominal surgery was assessed in 20 infants with hepatic dysfunction caused by biliary atresia. An initial dose of 0.6 mg kg-1 provided excellent intubating conditions in all patients. Subsequent neuromuscular blockade was monitored with a peripheral nerve stimulator and incremental doses of atracurium were given on reappearance of a single twitch. Neuromuscular conduction was allowed to return at the end of surgery and by careful timing of increments it was necessary to antagonize the neuromuscular blockade in only two patients.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Use of atracurium during major abdominal surgery in infants with hepatic dysfunction from biliary atresia. option2: Possible mechanisms of effectiveness of Dead Sea balneotherapy [letter]

SOLUTION:
Use of atracurium during major abdominal surgery in infants with hepatic dysfunction from biliary atresia.