Contouring will create balance by emphasizing the center of the face and minimizing the forehead. Use a cream or matte powder one to two shades darker than your skin tone and foundation. Use foundation to shade the areas you would like to reshape or define, such as your chin, nose, forehead and cheekbones. Slightly contour the sides of your forehead to make your hairline look narrow. Contour below your cheekbones. Start from your ears and stop in the middle of your cheek. Then, using a C-shaped motion, move your makeup brush from the center of your forehead, down the bridge of your nose, and from your brow bone to your cheekbone. To brighten up the area around your eyes, highlight under your eyes and along your brow bone. Begin at the apple of your cheeks and blend upward with a blush brush. Don't apply too low on your face or your jaw will have a heavy appearance. Contour your eyelids with a bronzer to give them more definition. If you want to further enhance your eye color, add smudged eyeliner under your lashes and finish with one or two coats of mascara. You can also add a small amount of lip liner to the sides of the lips.

Summary: Contour your forehead and below your cheekbones. Highlight the middle of your forehead and chin. Apply blush on the apples of your cheeks. Apply a soft and natural color eyeshadow, like taupe. Apply a deep or rich pink lipstick to enhance the curvature of your lips.

To be able to float on your back without panicking, you should be calm and relaxed in the water, even if you're not an expert swimmer. You should learn how to float on your back in a swimming pool, not an ocean or a lake with waves. Ideally, you should be reasonably comfortable in water and know how to swim from one end of a pool to the other without needing any help. If you're floating on your back as a way to learn how to swim, then you should take extra caution and be with your spotter at all times. Don't try to float on your back by yourself for the first time. Even if you've mastered other basic swimming techniques, if it's your first time trying to float on your back, you should not only have a spotter, but make sure that you're in a place with a lifeguard that can come to your rescue if you need the help. The spotter will place his hand under your back and will let you make the necessary adjustments to your body until you're comfortable trying the technique on your own. Using a PFD (personal flotation device) around your arms or mid-section can also make you get more comfortable in the water. If you've worked with a spotter but aren't quite ready to try floating on your back on your own, try wearing the device until you wean yourself off of it. Before you begin to float on your back on your own, you need to align your body with the water -- ideally, your body should start off in a position that is almost parallel to the water or bottom of the pool. You can even get on your back and kick off the side of the pool until your body naturally glides with the surface of the water. Once your body is aligned with the surface of the water and your back is relatively parallel to the water, it'll be much easier to make adjustments to the rest of your body.

Summary: Be comfortable in the water. Get a spotter. Try using a flotation device. Align your body with the surface of the water.

The introduction should be no more than two paragraphs long and should lay out the basic framework for your critique. Start off by noting where the article in question fails or succeeds most dramatically and why. Be sure to include the name of the author, article title, the journal or publication the article appeared in, the publication date, and a statement about the focus and/or thesis of the article in your introductory paragraph(s). The introduction is not the place to provide evidence for your opinions. Your evidence will go in the body paragraphs of your critique. Be bold in your introductory assertions and make your purpose clear right off the bat. Skirting around or not fully committing to an argument lessens your credibility. Each body paragraph should detail a new idea or further expand your argument in a new direction. Begin each body paragraph with a topic sentence that summarizes the content of the paragraph to come. Don't feel like you have to condense the entire paragraph into the topic sentence, however. This is purely a place to transition into a new or somehow different idea. End each body paragraph with a transitional sentence that hints at, though does not explicitly state, the content of the paragraph coming next. For example, you might write, "While John Doe shows that the number of cases of childhood obesity is rising at a remarkable rate in the U.S., there are instances of dropping obesity rates in some American cities." Your next paragraph would then provide specific examples of these anomalous cities that you just claimed exist. No matter how solid your argument is, there is always at least one dramatic way in which you can provide a final twist or take your argument one step further and suggest possible implications. Do this in the final body paragraph before your conclusion to leave the reader with a final, memorable argument. You might, for instance, utilize a counterargument, in which you anticipate a critique of your critique and reaffirm your position. Use phrases like "Admittedly," "It is true that," or "One might object here" to identify the counterargument. Then, answer these possible counters and turn back to your strengthened argument with "but," "yet," or "nevertheless." Avoid writing in an overzealous or obnoxiously passionate tone, as doing so can be a turn-off to many readers. Let your passion shine through in your ability to do thorough research and articulate yourself effectively. While writing "This piece of garbage is an insult to historians everywhere" might garner attention, "This article falls short of the standards for scholarship in this area of historical study" is more likely to be taken seriously by readers. It is important to provide a recap of your main points throughout the article, but you also need to tell the reader what your critique means for the discipline at large. Are there broad implications for the field of study being assessed, or does your critique simply attempt to debunk the messy work of another scholar? Do your best to make a lasting mark on the reader in the conclusion by using assertive language to demonstrate the importance of your work: "Challenging the claims of such a distinguished scholar is no easy or enjoyable task, but it is a task we all must agree to do for our generation and those to follow."
Summary: Begin with an introduction that outlines your argument. Provide evidence for your argument in the body paragraphs of your critique. Complicate your argument near the end of the critique. Present your arguments in a well-reasoned, objective tone. Conclude your critique by summarizing your argument and suggesting potential implications.