In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

This author wrote about Octave de Malivert's love with the title character in Armance, and also published a story collection called the Italian Chronicles. This man also wrote about a resident of Lake Como who attempts to join Napoleon's army before that man, Fabrizio del Dongo, ultimately retires to the titular residence. In addition to The (*) Charterhouse of Parma, this man wrote a novel whose protagonist is sentenced to death after shooting at Madame de Renal. For 10 points, name this French author who created Julien Sorel in The Red and the Black.
Literature

Loewner's inequality relates the area and systole of Riemannian metrics on one of these spaces. Arnold's cat map is a chaotic mapping from one of these spaces to itself. This name is given to connected, compact, abelian Lie subgroups, and any compact Lie group has a maximal one. Dupin cyclides are geometric inversions of these objects, and two Villarceau circles can be created by cutting one of these objects diagonally. N-dimensional versions of these objects, which have genus one, are homeomorphic to the Cartesian product of N circles. Other than the Klein bottle, these are the only closed, compact surfaces with an Euler characteristic of zero. They can be created by revolving a circle around an axis coplanar to the circle's diameter. For 10 points, name these mathematical objects that often look like doughnuts.
Science

This thinker discusses the truth of the phrase "the golden mountain does not exist" in a work that criticizes Alexius Meinong for his belief an object could exist that is both round and not round. He distinguished between "knowledge by description" and "knowledge by acquaintance" in his book The Problems of Philosophy. He argues definite descriptions are "incomplete symbols" while discussing the phrase "The present king of France is bald" in his essay "On Denoting." This author of Why I'm Not a Christian wrote a work, which tries to resolve his namesake paradox that "the set of all sets must contain itself." For 10 points, name this philosopher who wrote Principia Mathematica with Albert North Whitehead.
Social Science