Answer the following question given this paragraph: Benzene is the smallest aromatic hydrocarbon. It has just one ring. You can see its structural formula in Figure below . Benzene has many uses. For example, it is used in air fresheners and mothballs because of its strong scent. Q: What is the smallest aromatic hydrocarbon? Choices: - naphthalene - anthracene - phenanthrene - benzene A:
benzene
(Question)
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Reflection of light occurs when light bounces back from a surface that it cannot pass through. If the surface is very smooth, the reflected light forms an image. Q: What is the process where light bounces back from surfaces that it cannot pass through? Choices: - diffraction - direction - absorbtion - reflection A:
(Answer)
reflection
Ques: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The replacing of the electron enables chlorophyll to respond to another photon. The oxygen molecules produced as byproducts find their way to the surrounding environment. The hydrogen ions play critical roles in the remainder of the light-dependent reactions. Keep in mind that the purpose of the light-dependent reactions is to convert solar energy into chemical carriers that will be used in the Calvin cycle. In eukaryotes and some prokaryotes, two photosystems exist. The first is called photosystem II, which was named for the order of its discovery rather than for the order of the function. After the photon hits, photosystem II transfers the free electron to the first in a series of proteins inside the thylakoid membrane called the electron transport chain. As the electron passes along these proteins, energy from the electron fuels membrane pumps that actively move hydrogen ions against their concentration gradient from the stroma into the thylakoid space. This is quite analogous to the process that occurs in the mitochondrion in which an electron transport chain pumps hydrogen ions from the mitochondrial stroma across the inner membrane and into the intermembrane space, creating an electrochemical gradient. After the energy is used, the electron is accepted by a pigment molecule in the next photosystem, which is called photosystem I (Figure 5.13). Q: What type of ions play critical roles in light-dependent reactions? Choices: - calcium - silicon - helium - hydrogen A:
Ans: hydrogen
(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Ecosystems require constant inputs of energy from sunlight or chemicals. Producers use energy and inorganic molecules to make food. Consumers take in food by eating producers or other living things. Decomposers break down dead organisms and other organic wastes and release inorganic molecules back to the environment. Q: What do decomposers release once they have broken down the dead organisms? Choices: - essential molecules - unusable molecules - organic molecules - inorganic molecules A:
(A).
inorganic molecules
Ques:Answer the following question given this paragraph: Thermoregulatory Adjustments The fetus floats in warm amniotic fluid that is maintained at a temperature of approximately 98.6F with very little fluctuation. Birth exposes newborns to a cooler environment in which they have to regulate their own body temperature. Newborns have a higher ratio of surface area to volume than adults. This means that their body has less volume throughout which to produce heat, and more surface area from which to lose heat. As a result, newborns produce heat more slowly and lose it more quickly. Newborns also have immature musculature that limits their ability to generate heat by shivering. Moreover, their nervous systems are underdeveloped, so they cannot quickly constrict superficial blood vessels in response to cold. They also have little subcutaneous fat for insulation. All these factors make it harder for newborns to maintain their body temperature. Newborns, however, do have a special method for generating heat: nonshivering thermogenesis, which involves the breakdown of brown adipose tissue, or brown fat, which is distributed over the back, chest, and shoulders. Brown fat differs from the more familiar white fat in two ways: It is highly vascularized. This allows for faster delivery of oxygen, which leads to faster cellular respiration. It is packed with a special type of mitochondria that are able to engage in cellular respiration reactions that produce less ATP and more heat than standard cellular respiration reactions. Q: Nonshivering thermogenesis, which involves the breakdown of brown adipose tissue, is a special methods newborns have for what purpose? Choices: - losing heat - harnessing heat - moving heat - generating heat A:

Ans:generating heat
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Is Ceres a planet? Ceres only has about 1.3% of the mass of the Earth's Moon. Its orbit is full of other smaller bodies. Its gravity was not high enough to clear its orbit. Ceres fails the fourth criterion for being a planet. Ceres is now considered a dwarf planet, the closest to the Sun. Q: What kind of planet do we consider ceres to be? Choices: - binary planet - minor planet - gas planet - dwarf planet A:
dwarf planet