In this task, you will be shown a prompt from a judicial decision and multiple holding statements derived from citations following text in a legal decision. Holdings represent the governing legal rule when the law is applied to a particular set of facts. There are five answer choices for each citing text. The correct answer is the holding statement that corresponds to the citing text. You should write an incorrect option. Even though there exist multiple wrong answers, we only need a single wrong answer. There is a <HOLDING> token in the position of the citing text prompt where the holding statement was extracted.

Q: theory, once the police ... [make] a show of authority designed to produce a stop, the Fourth Amendment is implicated. If, in response to unjustified police actions, the suspect thereafter abandons the property he or she is carrying, then the property abandoned, be it illegal drugs, stolen goods, or other evidence, normally cannot be used against the accused. Clancy, The Supreme Court's Search for a Definition of a Seizure: What is a "Seizure" of a Person Within the Meaning of the Fourth Amendment? 27 AvlCRIm. L.Rev. 619, 648 (1990). It is undisputed that Johnson denied ownership of the gun when Silvers showed it to him. Tr. at 53, 71. He can thus be fairly said to have exhibited the requisite intent to abandon the gun. See United States v. Veatch, 674 F.2d 1217, 1221 (9th Cir.1981) (<HOLDING>); see also United States v. Canady, 615 F.2d
Holding statements: (A) holding due process is not violated when failure to receive notice is the result of attorneys decision to abandon law practice (B) holding that neither the language nor the legislative history of the fcpa indicates the congressional intent to create a private right of action (C) holding that a demal of ownership indicates intent to abandon (D) holding that shall generally indicates a mandatory intent unless a convincing argument to the contrary is made (E) holding use of word may generally indicates permissive rather than mandatory intent

A: holding due process is not violated when failure to receive notice is the result of attorneys decision to abandon law practice
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Q: 2. Although the substance of the inquiry remains the same, the Supreme Court has counseled that the question whether a defendant can show a violation of his own Fourth Amendment rights "is more properly placed within the purview of substantive Fourth Amendment law than within that of standing." Rakas v. Illinois, 439 U.S. 128, 140, 99 S.Ct. 421, 58 L.Ed.2d 387 (1978). With that said, we do not quarrel with the district court's analysis on this point. Several distinguished jurists continue to use the "standing" terminology as useful shorthand. See, e.g., United States v. Romain, 393 F.3d 63, 68 (1st Cir.2004) (Selya, J.) (acknowledging after Rakas that the term "standing" "is imprecise," but adopting the usage "[f]or simplicity's sake"). But, regardless of terminolo 1 (10th Cir.2004) (<HOLDING>). As we observe below, the conclusion that
Holding statements: (A) holding that prisoners do not have a reasonable expectation of privacy in their cells (B) holding a person who is present at anothers home with permission simply for the purpose of consummating a business transaction does not have a reasonable expectation of privacy there (C) holding that for purposes of federal constitutional law a person does not possess a reasonable expectation of privacy with respect to trash discarded outside the home (D) holding that the constitutional protection of an individuals reasonable expectation of privacy in his or her home does not extend to a place of business (E) holding a person at anothers residence solely for the purpose of engaging in drug related activity has no legitimate expectation of privacy in the residence

A: holding that prisoners do not have a reasonable expectation of privacy in their cells
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Q: the proceedings. There is nothing in the factual stipulation which identifies witnesses that have died, specific exculpatory evidence that has been destroyed, or specific matters that cannot be developed due to faded memories. We have generally required a factual showing of concrete prejudice before a defense of laches may be invoked. Iowa Supreme Ct. Bd. of Prof'l Ethics & Conduct v. Mulford, 625 N.W.2d 672, 680 (Iowa 2001). On the equitable estoppel issue, Wintroub's argument has similar factual shortcomings. Even assuming that equitable estoppel applies in attorney grievance proceedings, nothing in the record of this ease supports the claim that Wintroub has relied upon any action of the Iowa authorities to his detriment. See The Florida Bar v. McCain, 361 So.2d 700, 706 (Fla.1978) (<HOLDING>). In this case, the Iowa complaints were filed,
Holding statements: (A) holding an evidentiary hearing on the applicability of equitable estoppel (B) holding equitable estoppel in disciplinary proceeding requires inducement to change position (C) recognizing difference between tolling and equitable estoppel (D) holding that equitable estoppel requires proof of fraud misrepresentation or affirmative deception (E) recognizing cause of action for equitable estoppel under erisa

A:
holding an evidentiary hearing on the applicability of equitable estoppel
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