Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Blood from the lungs enters the left atrium of the heart. The left atrium pumps the blood to the left ventricle, which pumps it to the body. Q: Blood from what organs enters the left atrium of the heart? A:

OPTIONS:
- Lymph nodes
- intestines
- Brain
- lungs

A: lungs

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Does everyone who smokes develop lung cancer? No, of course not. Is it possible to get lung cancer without smoking? Sadly, yes it is. That's not to say there is no relationship between the two: smoking is still the leading cause of lung cancer. But it does suggest that a person's genetic background has a role in this process. Apart form true single gene disorders, environmental factors, or environmental triggers , may determine the development of disease in individuals genetically predisposed to a particular condition. Environmental triggers may include stress, physical and mental abuse, diet, exposure to toxins, pathogens, and radiation. Many cancers are thought to have an environmental component. It has been suggested that environmental factors play a role in autism as well. Asthma is obviously triggered under certain environmental conditions. Q: Many cancers, as well as autism, are thought to have what component, which is certainly a factor in asthma? A:

OPTIONS:
- emotional
- critical
- ecological
- environmental

A: environmental

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes in each body cell. Q: How many pairs of chromosomes are there? A:

OPTIONS:
- 17
- 2
- 13
- 23

A: 23

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Copying and passing on genes (genetics) In which we consider the dynamics of genes and gene expression, and how genome dynamics leads to families of genes and facilitates evolutionary change. We consider how DNA is organized within a cell and how its organization influences gene expression. Finally we consider the behavior of regulatory networks at the molecular level and the role of molecular level noise in producing interesting behaviors. At this point we have introduced genes, DNA, and proteins, but we have left unresolved a number of important questions. These include how genomes are organized, how they evolve, how new genes and alleles are generated, and how they work together to produce the various behaviors that organisms display.327 We will touch on such trendy topics such as epigenetics (which is probably less interesting than most suppose) and the rather complex molecular and cellular level processes behind even the simplest biological behaviors. The details, where knownand often they are notare beyond the scope of this course, but the basic themes are relatively straightforward, although it does takes some practice to master this type of thinking. The key is to keep calm and analyze on! Genomes and their organization Genomes are characterized by two complementary metrics, the number of base pairs of DNA and the number of genes present within this DNA. The number of base pairs is easier to measure, we can count them. This can, however, lead to a mistaken conclusion, namely that the number of base pairs of DNA within the genome of a particular species, organism, or even tissue within an organism is fixed and constant. In fact genomes are dynamic, something that we will return to shortly. The genome of an organism (and generally the cells of which it is composed) consists of one or more DNA molecules. When we talk about genome size we are talking about the total number of base pairs present in all of these DNA molecules added together. The organism with one of the largest known genomes is the plant... Q: The genome of an organism consists of one or more what? A:

OPTIONS:
- hemoglobin molecules
- require molecules
- rna molecules
- dna molecules

A:
dna molecules