In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), the first coronavirus described, was initially associated with severe respiratory disease. However, outbreaks have more recently also been associated with nephropathogenesis. Topographically interrelated antigenic determinants of the nephropathogenic Gray strain of IBV were characterized using eleven monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Four MAbs (IgG 2a~c) defined epitopes that were both conformation-independent and group specific, reacting with Gray, Arkansas (Ark), and Massachusetts41 (Mass41) strains. Seven MAbs (IgG 1~:) defined conformation-dependent epitopes that could differentiate the Gray from the Ark and Mass strains. The spike protein specificity of the MAbs was determined with the conformation-independent MAbs and one MAb that reacted only in "non-denaturing" western blot assays. Competitive binding studies using these MAbs suggested a high degree of functional dependency among the associated epitopes as might be expected with a protein of complex secondary and tertiary structure. At least two regions associated with complete protection of infected embryos were identified that consisted of both conformation-dependent and independent epitopes. However, a "non-neutralizing" MAb, which did not protect the embryo from gross lesions, did inhibit virus-induced lesions and replication in the kidneys. These MAbs should be valuable tools in studying IBV pathogenesis.
Epitopes on the spike protein of a nephropathogenic strain of infectious bronchitis virus

Nature is the most abundant source for novel drug discovery. Lycorine is a natural alkaloid with immense therapeutic potential. Lycorine is active in a very low concentration and with high specificity against a number of cancers both in vivo and in vitro and against various drug-resistant cancer cells. This review summarized the therapeutic effect and the anticancer mechanisms of lycorine. At the same time, we have discussed the pharmacology and comparative structure-activity relationship for the anticancer activity of this compound. The researches outlined in this paper serve as a foundation to explain lycorine as an important lead compound for new generation anticancer drug design and provide the principle for the development of biological strategies to utilize lycorine in the treatment of cancers.
Lycorine: A prospective natural lead for anticancer drug discovery

Do stress hormones such as corticosterone enhance bird susceptibility to mosquitoes in ways that enhance rates of coinfection? Does this then enhance pathogen emergence? Interactions between pathogens are often mediated by the hosts immune system [1] . Two recent experimental papers suggest that interactions between the immune system and corticosterone may be important in mediating synergistic interactions between pathogens that enhance rates of co-infection in birds. As part of a long term study on the effect of the bacterial pathogen Mycoplasma gallisepticum in house finches Haemorhous mexicanus, Dana Hawley and her team asked the question to what extent are the stress hormones that are important for energy mobilization and regulation of the immune system influenced by experimental infection with the bacterium M. gallisepticum [2] . They found that corticosterone levels increased after house finches were infected with M. gallisepticum, decreased again to pre-infection levels once the infection was cleared, and that individuals with greater disease severity had the highest corticosterone concentrations. Trying to identify factors that influence West Nile virus transmission, Lynn Martin and his team started from the premise that stress hormones might represent a key link between individual-level of infection, population-levels of parasite transmission, and zoonotic disease risk. They experimentally manipulated zebra finch Taeniopygia guttata stress hormones by implanting corticosterone-filled silastic tubules and examined subsequent feeding preferences, feeding success, and productivity of mosquito vectors [3] . Despite performing more frequent
Stress hormones bring birds, pathogens and mosquitoes together HHS Public Access