Add punctuation: This was the first time I believe that I came smack up against the doctrine of the chosen people and it struck me as stupid and mean
A: This was the first time, I believe, that I came smack up against the doctrine of the 'chosen people', and it struck me as stupid and mean."

Add punctuation: Arthur was educated at Loreto Convent where like his sister he showed considerable musical talent winning a prize for his playing of the piano
A: Arthur was educated at Loreto Convent where, like his sister, he showed considerable musical talent, winning a prize for his playing of the piano.

Add punctuation: It is one book
A:
It is one book.