In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.
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Question: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Defending Our Great Lakes Act of
2015''.

SEC. 2. AQUATIC INVASIVE SPECIES CONTROL ZONE AT BRANDON ROAD LOCK AND
DAM SITE, JOLIET, ILLINOIS.

(a) Immediate Actions.--
(1) In general.--The Secretary of the Army, acting through
the Chief of Engineers, the Secretary of the Interior, acting
through the Director of the United States Fish and Wildlife
Service and the Director of the United States Geological
Survey, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection
Agency, and any other applicable Federal agency shall take
immediate actions to prevent the upstream transfer of aquatic
nuisance species from the Mississippi River basin to the Great
Lakes basin through the Brandon Road Lock and Dam site.
(2) Focus.--Actions under paragraph (1) shall place a
special focus on Asian carp species and other aquatic nuisance
species of concern to the Great Lakes as referenced in the
Great Lakes Mississippi River Interbasin Study of the Army
Corps of Engineers issued pursuant to section 1538 of Public
Law 112-141 (126 Stat. 586).
(b) Construction.--
(1) Required measures.--The Chief of Engineers shall
implement measures to improve the Brandon Road Lock and Dam
site to prevent the upstream transfer of Asian carp and other
swimming aquatic nuisance species through the lock and dam,
including--
(A) constructing an engineered channel in the
approach to the site from the Mississippi River
direction, as outlined in the report issued pursuant to
section 1538 of Public Law 112-141 (126 Stat. 586); and
(B) adding technologies and measures necessary for
aquatic nuisance species control, while protecting the
area's ecosystem to the greatest extent feasible.
(2) Cost estimate and schedule.--Not later than 180 days
after the date of enactment of this Act, the Chief of Engineers
shall submit to Congress a cost estimate for, and schedule for
completion of, measures to be constructed under this
subsection.
(c) Other Measures.--The Director of the United States Fish and
Wildlife Service, in consultation with the Director of the United
States Geological Survey, the Chief of Engineers, the Commandant of the
United States Coast Guard, the Administrator of the Environmental
Protection Agency, and the heads of other relevant agencies, shall
implement all appropriate measures in compliance with applicable State
and Federal law around the Brandon Road Lock and Dam site on the
Illinois River to prevent the upstream transfer of swimming and
floating aquatic nuisance species, with a focus on Asian carp species,
including--
(1) implementing existing Asian carp monitoring and control
strategies at the Brandon Road site, as applicable, including
real-time monitoring for aquatic nuisance species passing
through by using relevant technology;
(2) using the Brandon Road Lock and Dam site to the maximum
extent practicable to test new aquatic nuisance species control
technologies and measures;
(3) implementing control strategies identified through that
testing necessary to fulfill the objectives of this section,
considering those strategies that minimize the negative impact
on the river ecosystem and desirable aquatic native species,
while maintaining efficient navigation; and
(4) developing best management practices to mitigate
aquatic nuisance species transfer by boat and barge operators
on the Illinois River and Chicago Sanitary and Shipping Canal
and working with operators to implement the practices.
(d) Administration.--
(1) Acquisition of real estate.--The Chief of Engineers may
only acquire real estate that is necessary to carry out this
section and shall do so pursuant to the laws (including
regulations) in existence at the time of the acquisition.
(2) Cooperation.--In carrying out this section, the Chief
of Engineers, the Director of the United States Fish and
Wildlife Service, and the Director of the United States
Geological Survey shall coordinate with each other and--
(A) the Governors of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan,
Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin;
(B) the Chicago Area Waterway System Advisory
Committee; and
(C) any other applicable State, regional, local,
and international government entity.
(3) Consultation.--In carrying out this section, the Chief
of Engineers, the Director of the United States Fish and
Wildlife Service, and the Director of the United States
Geological Survey shall consult with appropriate entities in
the business, commerce, and environmental communities.

SEC. 3. ACTIONS RELATED TO THE LONG-TERM PREVENTION OF AQUATIC NUISANCE
SPECIES TRANSFER BETWEEN THE GREAT LAKES BASIN AND
MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN.

(a) In General.--The Secretary of the Army, acting through the
Chief of Engineers, the Secretary of the Interior, acting through the
Director of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and the
Director of the United States Geological Survey, the Administrator of
the Environmental Protection Agency, and any other applicable Federal
entity shall take actions for the long-term prevention of aquatic
nuisance species between the Mississippi River basin and the Great
Lakes basin, including transfer through the Chicago Area Waterway
System.
(b) Construction.--The Chief of Engineers shall coordinate with the
Governor of Illinois, the City of Chicago, the Metropolitan Water
Reclamation District of Greater Chicago, and other relevant entities to
design, engineer, and construct flood mitigation and water quality
measures on the Chicago Area Waterway System related to the prevention
of the transfer of aquatic nuisance species between the Mississippi
River basin and the Great Lakes basin, including transfer through the
Chicago Area Waterway System.
(c) Requirements.--In carrying out subsection (b), the Chief of
Engineers shall--
(1) coordinate with the City of Chicago and the
Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago to
combine infrastructure to the maximum extent practicable with
the Tunnel and Reservoir Plan of the Metropolitan Water
Reclamation District of Greater Chicago, and other relevant
storm and sewer water infrastructure projects;
(2) ensure flood mitigation in the vicinity of the Chicago
Area Waterway System is improved and strengthen protections
against flooding for residential and commercial neighborhoods;
(3) ensure water quality is protected in the Great Lakes,
the Chicago Waterway System, and the Mississippi River basin
consistent with the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33
U.S.C. 1251 et seq.);
(4) provide for continued commercial and recreational
watercraft traffic on the Chicago Area Waterway System, and
maintain efficient navigation; and
(5) prioritize efforts to prevent the upstream and
downstream transfer of aquatic nuisance species.
(d) Administration.--
(1) Cooperation.--In carrying out this section, the Chief
of Engineers, the Director of the United States Fish and
Wildlife Service, and the Director of the United States
Geological Survey shall coordinate with each other and--
(A) the Governors of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan,
Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin;
(B) the Chicago Area Waterway System Advisory
Committee; and
(C) any other applicable State, regional, local,
and international government entity.
(2) Consultation.--In carrying out this section, the Chief
of Engineers, the Director of the United States Fish and
Wildlife Service, and the Director of the United States
Geological Survey shall consult with appropriate entities in
the business, commerce, and environmental communities.
(3) Delegation.--In carrying out this section, the Chief of
Engineers may delegate parts of the project to non-Federal
entities subject to the availability of funding.
(4) Identification of partners.--In carrying out this
section, the Chief of Engineers shall work to identify non-
Federal cost-share partners when applicable.
(5) Acquisition of real estate.--The Chief of Engineers may
only acquire real estate that is necessary to carry out this
section and shall do so pursuant to the laws (including
regulations) in existence at the time of the acquisition.
(e) Report.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 18 months after the date of
enactment of this Act, and each year thereafter, the Chief of
Engineers shall submit to the Committee on Environment and
Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation
and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a report
describing the progress made, and a plan for further actions to
be taken, under this section.
(2) Public availability.--Reports under paragraph (1) shall
be made available to the public through electronic means,
including the Internet.

SEC. 4. SENSE OF CONGRESS.

It is the sense of Congress that there is an ongoing need to
further examine and protect the tributaries and waterways located in
other affected areas and States in the Great Lakes region, including at
a minimum, the St. Croix River, the Minnesota River, the Wisconsin
River, and the Ohio River, against the transfer of aquatic nuisance
species.

Answer: Defending Our Great Lakes Act of 2015 This bill requires federal agencies to take immediate actions to prevent the upstream transfer of aquatic nuisance species from the Mississippi River basin to the Great Lakes basin through the Brandon Road Lock and Dam site. The actions must place a special focus on Asian carp species and other aquatic nuisance species of concern to the Great Lakes referred to in the Great Lakes Mississippi River Interbasin Study conducted by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The Army Corps must implement measures to improve the site to prevent the upstream transfer of Asian carp and other aquatic nuisance species swimming through the lock and dam, including by constructing an engineered channel in the approach to the site from the Mississippi River direction. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service must implement all appropriate measures around the site on the Illinois River to prevent the upstream transfer of swimming and floating aquatic nuisance species, with a focus on Asian carp species. Federal entities must take actions for the long-term prevention of the transfer of aquatic nuisance species between the Mississippi River and Great Lakes basins, including through the Chicago Area Waterway System. The Army Corps must design, engineer, and construct flood mitigation and water quality measures on the Chicago Area Waterway System related to preventing such transfer.

Question: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Sunshine in Academic Admissions
Act''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

Congress finds the following:
(1) Citizens and taxpayers have a right to know whether
federally funded institutions of higher education are treating
student applications differently depending on the student's
race, color, or national origin, and, if so, the way in which
these factors are weighted and the consequences to students and
prospective students of these decisions.
(2) Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 codified this
right, forbidding in statute discrimination on the basis of
race, color, or national origin by federally funded
institutions, which includes nearly all colleges and
universities.
(3) This prohibition has largely been ignored by the
Supreme Court, which has allowed racially discriminatory
admissions.
(4) However, in Fisher v. University of Texas, the United
States Supreme Court in 2013 affirmed that strict scrutiny
should be applied to university admissions programs to ensure
diversity is not defined as ''mere racial balancing,'' but has
a compelling state interest to achieve diversity. The Fisher
case clarified that any such discrimination is only permitted
if it is necessary to achieve the educational benefits of a
racially diverse student body.
(5) Therefore, colleges and universities must reevaluate
their use of racially selective admissions policies. The costs
of such policies cannot outweigh the supposed benefits. If a
less discriminatory means could achieve similar results, the
discrimination is not permissible.
(6) In order to ensure that these limitations are followed,
colleges and federally funded institutions of higher education
must make public through annual reports their use of race,
color, and national origin, for admissions decisions so that
Federal and State enforcement agencies and interested persons
can monitor the schools.
(7) Additionally, college and universities must provide
evidence sufficient to demonstrate that any such discrimination
does not exceed the limits imposed by the Fisher case.
(8) Academic ''mismatch'' refers to a significant
discrepancy in academic qualifications between various groups
within a student body, and is encouraged when universities
lower their academic standards to artificially achieve a
particular composition.
(9) Mismatch works a harm because it sets particular
students up for lower than average achievement, higher dropout
rates, less competitive majors and, perhaps most damaging, a
disproportionately large student loan burden.

SEC. 3. REPORT ON CONSIDERATION OF RACE, COLOR, OR NATIONAL ORIGIN IN
STUDENT ADMISSIONS.

(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, each institution of
higher education participating in programs under title IV of the Higher
Education Act of 1965 shall submit to the Secretary of Education a
report in accordance with this section.
(b) Contents of Report.--
(1) Disclosure of consideration of race, color, or national
origin in student admissions.--The report shall include a
statement indicating whether race, color, or national origin is
given weight in the student admissions process of the
institution or any department of the institution.
(2) Additional disclosures.--If the disclosure under
paragraph (1) states that race, color, or national origin is
given weight in the student admissions process of an
institution or department, then the report shall include the
following information with respect to the institution or
department:
(A) The racial, color, and national origin groups
for which membership is considered a plus factor or a
minus factor and, in addition, how membership in a
group is determined for individual students.
(B) A description of how group membership is
considered, including the weight given to such
consideration and whether targets, goals, or quotas are
used.
(C) A statement explaining why group membership is
given weight, including the determination of the
desired level claimed and, with respect to the
diversity rationale, its relationship to the particular
educational mission of the institution or department.
(D) A description of the consideration that has
been given to racially neutral or less discriminatory
alternatives as a means for achieving the same goals
for which group membership is considered.
(E) A description of how frequently the need to
give weight to group membership is reassessed and how
that reassessment is conducted.
(F) An identification of the factors other than
race, color, or national origin that are collected in
the admissions process. If the factors described in the
preceding sentence include grades or class rank in high
school, scores on standardized tests (including the ACT
and SAT), legacy status, sex, State residency, economic
status, or other quantifiable criteria, then all raw
admissions data for applicants regarding these factors,
along with each individual applicant's race, color, and
national origin and the admissions decision made by the
school regarding that applicant, shall accompany the
report in computer-readable form, with the name of the
individual student redacted but with appropriate links,
so that it is possible for the Secretary of Education
or other interested persons to determine through
statistical analysis the weight being given to race,
color, and national origin, relative to other factors.
(G) An analysis, and also the underlying data
needed to perform an analysis, of whether there is a
correlation--
(i) between membership in a group favored
on account of race, color, or national origin
and the likelihood of enrollment in a
remediation program, relative to membership in
other groups;
(ii) between such membership and graduation
rates, relative to membership in other groups;
and
(iii) between such membership and the
likelihood of defaulting on education loans,
relative to membership in other groups.
(c) Public Availability.--The institution shall make the report
publicly available.

SEC. 4. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.

Nothing in this Act shall be construed to allow or permit
preference or discrimination on the basis of race, color, or national
origin.

SEC. 5. DEFINITION.

In this Act, the term ''institution of higher education'' has the
meaning given the term in section 102 of the Higher Education Act of
1965 (20 U.S.C. 1002), except that the term does not include an
institution of higher education outside the United States.

Answer: Sunshine in Academic Admissions Act This bill requires each institution of higher education that participates in a program under title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965 to submit an annual report to the Department of Education that states whether the institution gives weight to race, color, or national origin in the admissions process and, if yes, provides certain additional disclosures. The institution must make the report publicly available.

Question: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Public Pension Parity Act of 1994''.

SEC. 2. EXCLUSION FOR CERTAIN PENSIONS AND ANNUITIES UNDER PUBLIC
RETIREMENT SYSTEMS.

(a) In General.--Part III of subchapter B of chapter 1 of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to items specifically excluded
from income) is amended by redesignating section 136 as section 137 and
by inserting after section 135 the following new section:

''SEC. 136. CERTAIN PENSIONS AND ANNUITIES UNDER PUBLIC RETIREMENT
SYSTEMS.

''(a) General Rule.--Gross income does not include any amount
(otherwise includable in gross income) received by an individual as a
qualified governmental pension.
''(b) Limitations.--
''(1) Dollar limitation.--The aggregate amount excluded
under subsection (a) for the taxable year shall not exceed--
''(A) the maximum excludable social security
benefits of the taxpayer for such year, reduced by
''(B) the social security benefits (within the
meaning of section 86(d)) received by the taxpayer
during such year which were excluded from gross income.
''(2) Service requirement.--Subsection (a) shall not apply
to any qualified governmental pension received by the taxpayer
during the taxable year unless the taxpayer (or the spouse or
former spouse of the taxpayer) performed the service giving
rise to such pension.
''(c) Definitions.--For purposes of this section--
''(1) Qualified governmental pension.--The term 'qualified
governmental pension' means any pension or annuity received
under a public retirement system to the extent such pension or
annuity is not attributable to service--
''(A) which constitutes employment for purposes of
chapter 21 (relating to the Federal Insurance
Contributions Act), or
''(B) which is covered by an agreement made
pursuant to section 218 of the Social Security Act.
''(2) Maximum excludable social security benefits.--The
term 'maximum excludable social security benefits' means an
amount equal to so much of the applicable maximum benefit
amount for the taxpayer for the taxable year which would be
excluded from gross income if such benefit amount were treated
as social security benefits (within the meaning of section
86(d)) received during the taxable year.
''(3) Applicable maximum benefit amount.--The term
'applicable maximum benefit amount' means--
''(A) in the case of an unmarried individual, the
maximum individual social security benefit,'
''(B) in the case of a joint return, 150 percent of
the maximum individual social security benefit, or
''(C) in the case of a married individual filing a
separate return, 75 percent of the maximum individual
social security benefit.
For purposes of the preceding sentence, marital status shall be
determined under section 7703.
''(4) Maximum individual social security benefit.--
''(A) In general.--The term 'maximum individual
social security benefit' means, with respect to any
taxable year, the maximum total amount (as certified by
the Secretary of Health and Human Services to the
Secretary) which could be paid for all months in the
calendar year ending in the taxable year as old-age
insurance benefits under section 202(a) of the Social
Security Act (without regard to any reduction,
deduction, or offset under section 202(k) or section
203 of such Act) to any individual who attained age 65,
and filed application for such benefits, on the first
day of such calendar year.
''(B) Part years.--In the case of an individual who
receives a qualified governmental pension with respect
to a period of less than a full taxable year, the
maximum individual social security benefit for such
individual for such year shall be reduced as provided
in regulations prescribed by the Secretary to properly
correspond to such period.
''(5) Public retirement system.--The term 'public
retirement system' means any pension, annuity, retirement, or
similar fund or system established by the United States, a
State, a possession of the United States, any political
subdivision of any of the foregoing, or the District of
Columbia.''
(b) Technical Amendment.--Subparagraph (A) of section 86(b)(2) of
such Code (defining modified adjusted gross income) is amended by
inserting ''136'' before ''911''.
(c) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections for part III of
subchapter B of chapter 1 of such Code (relating to items specifically
excluded from income) is amended by redesignating the item relating to
section 136 as section 137 and by inserting after the item relating to
section 135 the following new item:

''Sec. 136. Certain pensions and
annuities under public
retirement systems.''
(d) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this Act shall apply to
taxable years beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act.

Answer:
Public Pension Parity Act of 1994 - Amends the Internal Revenue Code to provide an exclusion from gross income for that portion of a governmental pension which does not exceed the maximum benefits payable under title II (Old Age, Survivors and Disability Insurance) (OASDI) of the Social Security Act which could have been excluded from income for the taxable year.