Answer the following question given this paragraph: We will find in Atomic Physics that the orbits of electrons are more properly viewed as electron clouds with the density of the cloud related to the probability of finding an electron in that location (as opposed to the definite locations and paths of planets in their orbits around the Sun). This cloud is shifted by the Coulomb force so that the atom on average has a separation of charge. Although the atom remains neutral, it can now be the source of a Coulomb force, since a charge brought near the atom will be closer to one type of charge than the other. Some molecules, such as those of water, have an inherent separation of charge and are thus called polar molecules. Figure 19.19 illustrates the separation of charge in a water molecule, which has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom H 2 O . The water molecule is not symmetricthe hydrogen atoms are repelled to one side, giving the molecule a boomerang shape. The electrons in a water molecule are more concentrated around the more highly charged oxygen nucleus than around the hydrogen nuclei. This makes the oxygen end of the molecule slightly negative and leaves the hydrogen ends slightly positive. The inherent separation of charge in polar molecules makes it easier to align them with external fields and charges. Polar molecules therefore exhibit greater polarization effects and have greater dielectric constants. Those who study chemistry will find that the polar nature of water has many effects. For example, water molecules gather ions much more effectively because they have an electric field and a separation of charge to attract charges of both signs. Also, as brought out in the previous chapter, polar water provides a shield or screening of the electric fields in the highly charged molecules of interest in biological systems. Q: The electrons in a water molecule are more concentrated around the more highly charged oxygen nucleus than around this? Choices: - helium nuclei - carbon nuclei - peroxide nuclei - hydrogen nuclei A:
hydrogen nuclei
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: The white fluffy part of popcorn is also what? Choices: - phosphor - membrane - jiffy - endosperm A:
endosperm
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Some compounds form rigid frameworks called crystals. Other compounds form individual molecules. A molecule is the smallest particle of a compound that still has the compound's properties. Q: Some compounds form rigid frameworks called what? Choices: - grids - ions - chemicals - crystals A:
A: crystals
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: In some cases, a population of one species disperses throughout an area, and each finds a distinct niche or isolated habitat. Over time, the varied demands of their new lifestyles lead to multiple speciation events originating from a single species, which is called adaptive radiation. From one point of origin, many adaptations evolve causing the species to radiate into several new ones. Island archipelagos like the Hawaiian Islands provide an ideal context for adaptive radiation events because water surrounds each island, which leads to geographical isolation for many organisms (Figure 11.16). The Hawaiian honeycreeper illustrates one example of adaptive radiation. From a single species, called the founder species, numerous species have evolved, including the eight shown in Figure 11.16. Q: In adaptive radiation, what is the name of the initial species that then subsequently becomes multiple other ones? Choices: - pioneer - father - Mother - founder A:
Answer: founder
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The aphotic zone is water deeper than 200 meters. This is where too little sunlight penetrates for photosynthesis to occur. As a result, producers must make "food" by chemosynthesis , or the food must drift down from the water above. Q: What is the name of the zone where water is deeper than 200 meters called? Choices: - transition zone - euphotic zone - eccentric zone - aphotic zone A:
**Answer**
aphotic zone
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Mouth Brooding. Some species of fish carry their fertilized eggs in their mouth until they hatch. This is called mouth brooding. If you look closely, you can see the eggs inside the mouth of the cardinalfish pictured here. Q: Some species of fish carry their fertilized eggs in their mouth until they hatch; this is called what? Choices: - internal reproduction - spawning - schooling - mouth brooding A:
**Answer**
mouth brooding