question: CHAPTER XVIII

BOUND FOR TEXAS

"Hi! hi! phat--phat you mean py knocking mine stand ofer?" cried out a voice from the doorway of the building, and a small, stockily built foreigner came running forward.

"Get off of me!" spluttered Bill Glutts, who was under Gabe Werner. "You're pressing some of this broken stuff into my face!"

Werner could not answer, being too surprised by the sudden turn affairs had taken. But then, as he realized that the four Rovers were close at hand, he rolled over on the sidewalk, upsetting a small boy as he did so, and then managed to scramble to his feet.

"Come on, Bill!" he panted, and set off down the street at the best gait he could command.

What Bill Glutts had said about being pushed into the broken bric-a-brac was true. His face had come down into the midst of several broken vases, and one hand rested on a broken bit of glassware. When he arose to his feet he found himself held fast by the storekeeper.

"You don't vas git avay from me already!" bawled the owner of the place. "You vas pay for de damages you make."

"You let me go! It wasn't my fault!" stormed Glutts.

By this time the Rovers had come up. Bill Glutts looked the picture of despair, with blood flowing from several cuts on his face and on one hand.

"Where is Werner?" questioned Jack quickly.

"There he goes!" exclaimed Randy. "Come on after him before he gets away."
1. What's Bill's last name?
2. Who was he under?
3. Why couldn't he answer?
4. Where was Bill's hand resting?
5. Who was holding onto him as he got up?
6. What did he want Bill to pay for?
7. Where was Bill bleeding from?
8. Did he look happy?
9. Did the shopkeeper speak good English?
10. How many Rovers were there?
****
answer: 1. Glutts
2. Gabe Werner
3. He was suprised at what happened.
4. on his face
5. the storekeeper
6. damages
7. several cuts on his face and on one hand
8. No
9. No
10. four

question: Eastern Europe is the eastern part of the European continent. There is no consensus on the precise area it covers, partly because the term has a wide range of geopolitical, geographical, cultural, and socioeconomic connotations. There are "almost as many definitions of Eastern Europe as there are scholars of the region". A related United Nations paper adds that "every assessment of spatial identities is essentially a social and cultural construct".

One definition describes Eastern Europe as a cultural entity: the region lying in Europe with the main characteristics consisting of Greek, Byzantine, Eastern Orthodox, Russian , and some Ottoman culture influences. Another definition was created during the Cold War and used more or less synonymously with the term "Eastern Bloc". A similar definition names the formerly communist European states outside the Soviet Union as Eastern Europe. Some historians and social scientists view such definitions as outdated or relegated, but they are still sometimes used for statistical purposes.

Several other definitions of Eastern Europe exist today, but they often lack precision, are too general or outdated. These definitions vary both across cultures and among experts, even political scientists, as the term has a wide range of geopolitical, geographical, cultural, and socioeconomic connotations.
1. When was "Eastern Bloc" created as a anme?
****
answer: 1. during the Cold War

question: Totalitarianism is a political system in which the state recognizes no limits to its authority and strives to regulate every aspect of public and private life wherever feasible. A distinctive feature of totalitarian governments is an "elaborate ideology, a set of ideas that gives meaning and direction to the whole society".

Totalitarianism is the most severe and extreme form of authoritarianism.

The concept was first developed in the 1920s by the Weimar German jurist, and later Nazi academic, Carl Schmitt, and Italian fascists. Schmitt used the term, "Totalstaat," in his influential work on the legal basis of an all-powerful state, "The Concept of the Political" (1927). The concept became prominent in Western political discourse as a concept that highlights similarities between Fascist states and the Soviet Union.

The notion of totalitarianism as a "total" political power by the state was formulated in 1923 by Giovanni Amendola, who described Italian Fascism as a system fundamentally different from conventional dictatorships. The term was later assigned a positive meaning in the writings of Giovanni Gentile, Italy's most prominent philosopher and leading theorist of fascism. He used the term "totalitario" to refer to the structure and goals of the new state, which were to provide the "total representation of the nation and total guidance of national goals." He described totalitarianism as a society in which the ideology of the state had influence, if not power, over most of its citizens. According to Benito Mussolini, this system politicizes everything spiritual and human: "Everything within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
1. When was the main topic first created?
2. By whom?
3. Anyone else?
4. What political force was he associated with?
5. Was any other group involved?
6. Which group?
7. What is the main topic of discussion?
8. And it's made to severely limit government?
9. What is an alternate name for it?
10. What year was the concept created?
11. By whom?
12. Did he find it typical?
13. Who wrote about it in a positive light?
****
answer:
1. 1920s
2. Weimar German
3. Carl Schmitt
4. Nazi
5. Yes
6. Italian fascists
7. Totalitarianism
8. Nois a political system in which the state recognizes no limits to its authority and strives to regulate every aspect of public and private life wherever feasible.
9. form of authoritarianism
10. 1923
11. Giovanni Amendola
12. No
13. Giovanni Gentile