Question:
Read the text and answer the questions.
John Locke (; 29 August 1632 28 October 1704) was an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "Father of Liberalism". Considered one of the first of the British empiricists, following the tradition of Sir Francis Bacon, he is equally important to social contract theory. His work greatly affected the development of epistemology and political philosophy. His writings influenced Voltaire and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, many Scottish Enlightenment thinkers, as well as the American revolutionaries. His contributions to classical republicanism and liberal theory are reflected in the United States Declaration of Independence.

Locke's theory of mind is often cited as the origin of modern conceptions of identity and the self, figuring prominently in the work of later philosophers such as David Hume, Rousseau, and Immanuel Kant. Locke was the first to define the self through a continuity of "consciousness". He postulated that, at birth, the mind was a blank slate or "tabula rasa". Contrary to Cartesian philosophy based on pre-existing concepts, he maintained that we are born without innate ideas, and that knowledge is instead determined only by experience derived from sense perception. This is now known as empiricism. An example of Locke's belief in Empiricism can be seen in his quote, "whatever I write, as soon as I discover it not to be true, my hand shall be the forwardest to throw it into the fire." This shows the ideology of science in his observations in that something must be capable of being tested repeatedly and that nothing is exempt from being disproven. Challenging the work of others, Locke is said to have established the method of introspection, or observing the emotions and behaviours of one's self.
1. Who influenced Voltaire?
2. Who else did he influence besides Voltaire?
3. What was his occupation?
4. Was he a doctor?
5. When was he born?
6. Did he have an impact on Americas Founding documents?
7. Who did he influence in America?
8. Can you name one of his theories?
9. What does that theory state?
10. Does it have another name?
11. What is that?
12. What philosophers did he influence?
13. When did he die?
14. Where was he from?
15. What is he known as?
16. Whos tradition did he follow in?
17. What theory was he important to?
18. What did he maintain humans were born with?
19. What did he believe in?
20. Did he challenge other peoples work?

Numbered answers:
1. John Locke
2. Jean-Jacques Rousseau,
3. English philosopher
4. Yes.
5. 1632
6. Yes.
7. American revolutionaries.
8. Theory of mind.
9. At birth, the mind was a blank slate.
10. Yes.
11. Tabula rasa.
12. David Hume,
13. 1704
14. England.
15. Father of Liberalism.
16. Sir Francis Bacon.
17. Social contract theory.
18. Without innate ideas,
19. Empiricism.
20. Yes.

Question:
Read the text and answer the questions.
"The Lord of the Rings", one of the best sellers in the new millennium , was made up of three parts--"The Fellow Ship of the Ring", "Two Towers", and "The Return of the King". Millions upon millions of people have read it in over 25 different languages, but fewer know about the author and the history of the composition of the creative masterwork.

John Ronald Refuel Tolkien was born in South Africa in 1892. His parents died when he was a child. Living in England with his aunt, Tolkien and his cousins made up play languages, a hobby that led to Tolkien's becoming skilled in Welsh, Greek, Gothic, Old Norse and Anglo--Saxon.

After graduating from Oxford, Tolkien served in World War I. In 1917, while recovering from trench fever he began composing the mythology for The Rings. As a professor of Anglo-Saxon in the 1930s at Oxford, Tolkien was part of an informal discussion group called the Inklings, which included several writers. The group was soon 1istening to chapters of Tolkien's imaginative work "The Hobbit".

Hobbit was a name Tolkien created for people that could best be described as half-sized members of the English rural class. Hobbits live in hillside holes. One of them,Bilbo Baggins, looks for treasures with a group of dwarves . On the way, he meets the twisted, pitiful creature Gollum, from whom he sees a golden ring that makes the holder invisible.

One of Tolkien's students persuaded her employer, publisher Allen & Unwind, to look at a draft . The chairman of the firm, Stanley Unwind, thought that the best judge for a Children's book would be his ten-year-old son. The boy earned a shilling for reporting back that the adventure was exciting, and "The Hobbit" was published in 1937.

It sold so well that Unwind asked for a continuation. Over a dozen years later, in 1954, Tolkien produced "The Lord of the Rings", a series of books so creative that they hold readers both new and old -- after their publication.
1. Who wrote the Lord of the Rings?
2. When was he born?
3. Where?
4. Who raised him
5. What did he do for fun with cousins?
6. What real languages did he learn?
7. What are the 3 sections of the Lord of the Rings?
8. Where did he go to school?
9. Did he leave before graduating?
10. What diid he teach?
11. What was his discussion group named?
12. What were hobbits?
13. Were they the same thing as dwarves?
14. Where were their homes?
15. What was one of the hobbits named?
16. What terrible creature did he meet?
17. How much did a child receive for reviewing The Hobbit?
Numbered answers:
1. John Ronald Refuel Tolkien
2. 1892
3. South Africa
4. his aunt
5. made up play languages
6. Welsh, Greek, Gothic, Old Norse and Anglo--Saxon
7. unknown
8. Oxford
9. no
10. Anglo-Saxon
11. the Inklings
12. half-sized members of the English rural class
13. no
14. hillside holes
15. Bilbo Baggins
16. Gollum
17. a shilling