Answer the following question given this paragraph: The light reactions occur in the first stage of photosynthesis. This stage takes place in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast. In the light reactions, energy from sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll. This energy is temporarily transferred to two molecules: ATP and NADPH. These molecules are used to store the energy for the second stage of photosynthesis. The light reactions use water and produce oxygen. Q: Light reactions occur during which stage of photosynthesis? A:

OPTIONS:
- intermediate stage
- third stage
- final stage
- first stage

Answer: first stage

Problem: OPTIONS:
- am
- wave
- cb
- fm
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: FM radio is inherently less subject to noise from stray radio sources than AM radio. The reason is that amplitudes of waves add. So an AM receiver would interpret noise added onto the amplitude of its carrier wave as part of the information. An FM receiver can be made to reject amplitudes other than that of the basic carrier wave and only look for variations in frequency. It is thus easier to reject noise from FM, since noise produces a variation in amplitude. Television is also broadcast on electromagnetic waves. Since the waves must carry a great deal of visual as well as audio information, each channel requires a larger range of frequencies than simple radio transmission. TV channels utilize frequencies in the range of 54 to 88 MHz and 174 to 222 MHz. (The entire FM radio band lies between channels 88 MHz and 174 MHz. ) These TV channels are called VHF (for very high frequency). Other channels called UHF (for ultra high frequency) utilize an even higher frequency range of 470 to 1000 MHz. The TV video signal is AM, while the TV audio is FM. Note that these frequencies are those of free transmission with the user utilizing an old-fashioned roof antenna. Satellite dishes and cable transmission of TV occurs at significantly higher frequencies and is rapidly evolving with the use of the high-definition or HD format. Q: Which radio frequency should you listen to if you want less noise? A:
Answer: fm

Problem:OPTIONS:
- water
- proteins
- muscles
- cells

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Cells are the tiny building blocks of living things. They couldn't be discovered until the microscope was invented. The discovery of cells led to the cell theory. This is one of the most important theories in life science. Q: What are all living things made of? A:
****
A: cells

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Solid balls of water and dust falling from the sky are known as? A:
OPTIONS:
- snow
- golf balls
- rain
- hail
hail

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Genetically Engineering Bacteria to Produce a Human Protein. Bacteria can be genetically engineered to produce a human protein, such as a cytokine. A cytokine is a small protein that helps fight infections. Q: What is a small protein that helps fight infections? A:
OPTIONS:
- phenotype
- zygote
- glutamate
- cytokine

Answer: cytokine

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Radioactive Decay Series The naturally occurring radioactive isotopes of the heaviest elements fall into chains of successive disintegrations, or decays, and all the species in one chain constitute a radioactive family, or radioactive decay series. Three of these series include most of the naturally radioactive elements of the periodic table. They are the uranium series, the actinide series, and the thorium series. The neptunium series is a fourth series, which is no longer significant on the earth because of the short half-lives of the species involved. Each series is characterized by a parent (first member) that has a long half-life and a series of daughter nuclides that ultimately lead to a stable end-productthat is, a nuclide on the band of stability (Figure 21.9). In all three series, the end-product is a stable isotope of lead. The neptunium series, previously thought to terminate with bismuth-209, terminates with thallium-205. Q: The uranium series is a chain constituting one what, which encompass naturally occurring isotopes of the heaviest elements? A:
OPTIONS:
- nuclear decay family
- gland decay family
- fuel decay family
- radioactive decay family
output:
radioactive decay family