input: OPTIONS:
- predators
- precipitation
- UV light
- extreme heat Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Lodgepole cones remain closed until exposed to what? A:
A:
output: extreme heat

Answer the following question given this paragraph: If you have ever been in a room when a piping hot pizza was delivered, you have been made aware of the fact that gaseous molecules can quickly spread throughout a room, as evidenced by the pleasant aroma that soon reaches your nose. Although gaseous molecules travel at tremendous speeds (hundreds of meters per second), they collide with other gaseous molecules and travel in many different directions before reaching the desired target. At room temperature, a gaseous molecule will experience billions of collisions per second. The mean free path is the average distance a molecule travels between collisions. The mean free path increases with decreasing pressure; in general, the mean free path for a gaseous molecule will be hundreds of times the diameter of the molecule In general, we know that when a sample of gas is introduced to one part of a closed container, its molecules very quickly disperse throughout the container; this process by which molecules disperse in space in response to differences in concentration is called diffusion (shown in Figure 9.27). The gaseous atoms or molecules are, of course, unaware of any concentration gradient, they simply move randomlyregions of higher concentration have more particles than regions of lower concentrations, and so a net movement of species from high to low concentration areas takes place. In a closed environment, diffusion will ultimately result in equal concentrations of gas throughout, as depicted in Figure 9.27. The gaseous atoms and molecules continue to move, but since their concentrations are the same in both bulbs, the rates of transfer between the bulbs are equal (no net transfer of molecules occurs). Q: The mean free path for a gaseous molecule will be hundreds of times the what of the molecule? A:

OPTIONS:
- variation
- weight
- density
- diameter

Answer: diameter

Problem: OPTIONS:
- blizzard, frost, fog
- hail, wind, typhoon
- vapor, fog, ice
- snow, sleet, freezing rain
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Frozen precipitation may fall as snow, sleet, or freezing rain. Q: What three forms does frozen precipitation take? A:
Answer: snow, sleet, freezing rain

Problem:OPTIONS:
- fragments
- faults
- ruptures
- fractures

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Fractures are breaks in bone, usually caused by excessive stress on bone. Fractures heal when osteoblasts form new bone. The animation at this link shows how this happens: http://www. youtube. com/watch?v=qVougiCEgH8 . Soon after a fracture, the body begins to repair the break. The area becomes swollen and sore. Within a few days, bone cells travel to the break site and begin to rebuild the bone. It takes about two to three months before compact and spongy bone form at the break site. Sometimes the body needs extra help in repairing a broken bone. In such a case, a surgeon will piece a broken bone together with metal pins. Moving the broken pieces together will help keep the bone from moving and give the body a chance to repair the break. Q: What is it called when breaks in bone occur that is usually caused by excessive stress on the bone? A:
****
A: fractures

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Mollusks, annelids, and arthropods are protostomes. Echinoderms and chordates are deuterostomes. This distinction is important. Why does it matter? It shows that echinoderms are more closely related to chordates than are the other invertebrate phyla. This is not apparent based on other, more obvious traits. Q: Mollusks, annelids, and arthropods are considered what? A:
OPTIONS:
- protisines
- detritivores
- micelles
- protostomes
protostomes

Answer the following question given this paragraph: In the Bohr model, the atom is viewed as a densely packed nucleus comprised of neutrons and protons that is surrounded by electrons at fixed distances, which correspond to specific energy levels. However, the quantum model showed that the distances between electrons and the nucleus are not really fixed. Due to their wave-like nature, we cannot pinpoint the exact location of an electron that is in motion, but we can determine the probability that a given electron will be in a particular region in three-dimensional space. Schrdinger's equations are used to determine the position of a specific electron with respect to a nearby nucleus. The region in space in which an electron is most likely to be found is referred to as an orbital . Q: Which atomic model shows that the distances of electrons from the nucleus is not a fixed value? A:
OPTIONS:
- the electron model
- the distance model
- the equivocation model
- the quantum model

Answer:
the quantum model