(Q).
Q: An alternative to inclusive fitness is group selection, a type of what scenario where small groups of organisms of the same species are effectively acting as single (perhaps colonial) organisms? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: Group selection A proposed alternative to inclusive fitness (sometimes known as kin selection) is the concept of group selection. In this type of evolutionary scenario, small groups of organisms of the same species are effectively acting as single (perhaps colonial) organisms. It is the reproductive success of the group (rather than individuals within the group), compared to other groups of the organism that is the basis of selection. Groups that display cooperative and altruistic traits have a selective advantage over groups that do not. Again, the mathematical analysis is similar (and it has been claimed that mathematically group and kin selection are equivalent).169 The costs of a trait must be offset by the benefits, but now the key factor is membership in a particular group (and typically, members of a group tend to be related to one another). The life cycle of the bacterium Myxococcus xanthus provides an example of this type of behavior. When environmental conditions are harsh, the cells aggregate into dense, 100 m diameter, "fruiting bodies", each containing ~100,000 stress resistant spores. When the environment improves, and prey becomes available, the spores are released en mass and return to active life. They move and feed in a cooperative manner through the release of digestive enzymes, which because they are acting in a quorum mode, can reach high levels.170 A well-coordinated group is expected to have a significant reproductive advantage over more anarchic collection of individuals. Choices: - introductory - combination - molecular - evolutionary A:
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evolutionary

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Q: What is a rock exposed to if it's undergoing metamorphism? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: Metamorphism. This long word means "to change form. " A rock undergoes metamorphism if it is exposed to extreme heat and pressure within the crust. With metamorphism, the rock does not melt all the way. The rock changes due to heat and pressure. A metamorphic rock may have a new mineral composition and/or texture. Choices: - humidity and pressure - gravity and precipitation - time and energy - heat and pressure A:
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heat and pressure

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Q: The mechanics of dynein-based bending involve a process that resembles what? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: Choices: - running - standing - jumping - walking A:
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walking