Answer the following question given this paragraph: Loud sounds can cause hearing loss by damaging hair cells in the inner ear. The louder the sounds are, the less exposure is needed to cause hearing loss. Q: What is damaged in the inner ear by loud sounds that cause hearing loss? Choices: - tympanic membrane - ear drum - hammer and anvil - hair cells A:
hair cells
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The nervous system sends electrical messages throughout the body and controls all other body systems. Q: Which body system controls all the others by sending electrical messages? Choices: - the localized system - the specialized system - the endocrine system - the nervous system A:
the nervous system
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Ureters The kidneys and ureters are completely retroperitoneal, and the bladder has a peritoneal covering only over the dome. As urine is formed, it drains into the calyces of the kidney, which merge to form the funnel-shaped renal pelvis in the hilum of each kidney. The hilum narrows to become the ureter of each kidney. As urine passes through the ureter, it does not passively drain into the bladder but rather is propelled by waves of peristalsis. As the ureters enter the pelvis, they sweep laterally, hugging the pelvic walls. As they approach the bladder, they turn medially and pierce the bladder wall obliquely. This is important because it creates an one-way valve (a physiological sphincter rather than an anatomical sphincter) that allows urine into the bladder but prevents reflux of urine from the bladder back into the ureter. Children born lacking this oblique course of the ureter through the bladder wall are susceptible to "vesicoureteral reflux," which dramatically increases their risk of serious UTI. Pregnancy also increases the likelihood of reflux and UTI. The ureters are approximately 30 cm long. The inner mucosa is lined with transitional epithelium (Figure 25.6) and scattered goblet cells that secrete protective mucus. The muscular layer of the ureter consists of longitudinal and circular smooth muscles that create the peristaltic contractions to move the urine into the bladder without the aid of gravity. Finally, a loose adventitial layer composed of collagen and fat anchors the ureters between the parietal peritoneum and the posterior abdominal wall. Q: What structures sweep laterally, hugging the pelvic walls, then turn medially and pierce the bladder wall obliquely? Choices: - tubules - fallopian tube - catheters - ureters A:
A: ureters
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: All of the changes of state that occur between solid, liquid and gas are summarized in the diagram in the figure below. Freezing is the opposite of melting and both represent the equilibrium between the solid and liquid states. Evaporation occurs when a liquid turns to a gas. Condensation is the opposite of vaporization and both represent the equilibrium between the liquid and gas states. Deposition is the opposite of sublimation and both represent the equilibrium between the solid and gas states. Q: What is the opposite of melting? Choices: - evaporation - liquidation - compression - freezing A:
Answer: freezing
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Punta Arenas, Chile is the world's most southern city. At such a high latitude, winters are exceedingly cold and dark. Unlike the children pictured above, the children in Punta Arenas must stay inside to avoid the cold. Of course, they look forward to spring when they can go out to play. But some years, it is too dangerous for the children to go outside. The ozone hole has moved north. Too much of the Sun's harmful UV radiation gets through. Q: In some parts of the world, too much of the sun's harmful uv radiation gets through because of a hole in what layer? Choices: - mesosphere - troposphere - thermosphere - ozone A:
**Answer**
ozone
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: A combustion engine is a complex machine that burns fuel to produce thermal energy and then uses the energy to do work. Two basic types of combustion engines are external and internal combustion engines. Q: What are the two basic types of combustion engines? Choices: - gas and steam - spark and steam - diesel and internal combustion - external and internal combustion engines A:
**Answer**
external and internal combustion engines