"Effect" is a noun referring to something that happens as a result of something else. E.g., "The antibiotic had little effect on the illness." "Effect" is also a verb meaning to bring something about. E.g., "I have decided to effect a change in the scope of this article." The verb "affect" means to change something in some way. E.g., "His steady gaze affected my ability to breathe." The noun "affect" is used fairly rarely. It refers to a display of an inner state of mind. E.g., "Her affect is subdued this evening."

Summary: Use "effect" as instructed. Use "affect" as instructed.

Place 2 tablespoons (28 g) of butter into a medium saucepan. Mince 2 garlic cloves and add them to the pan. Turn the heat on to medium and let the butter melt. The garlic will also saute as the butter melts.

Summary: Melt the butter in the garlic.

Start your footnote with the name of the book, abbreviated using the Chicago abbreviation tables. Add the chapter, followed by a colon, then the verse or range of verses. Example: 1 Cor. 13:4 If you're citing several books or chapters of the same book in the same footnote, separate those citations with a semi-colon. For example: 1 Cor. 13:4; 15:12-29. A list of abbreviations used in Chicago or Turabian style can be found at http://hbl.gcc.libguides.com/BibleAbbrevChicago if you don't have a copy of the manual handy. In the first footnote you use to cite to the Bible, include the name of the version you used. You can either spell out the full name of the version or use an abbreviation. No period is necessary at the end of your citation. Example: 1 Cor. 13:4 Revised Standard Version After your first footnote, there's no need to add the name of the version unless you switch to a different version, such as if you were comparing translations. Chicago and Turabian don't require a bibliography entry for the Bible. If you do provide a bibliography entry, format it the same way you would for any other book. For example, your bibliography entry might be formatted like this: Coogan, Michael D., ed. The New Oxford Annotated Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.

Summary: List the book, chapter, and verse in a footnote. Close your footnote citation with the name of the version you used. Include an entry in your bibliography if requested by your editor or instructor.

Maybe you want to look at how the number of vegetarian on campus compares to the number of vegans. Whatever your categories, you will need at least two of them to compare, though you can also use more than two. A bar graph uses colored bars to represent a certain amount. Therefore, both the bottom and the side represent different variables. For instance, you could have one bar represent vegetarians and one bar to represent vegans. The left side will show the increments. For instance, if you are talking about pescetarians on campus, you can refer to them that way the first time, but you can also add a symbol or abbreviation to use later, such as "PoC." Just be sure to make it clear in your paper what abbreviation goes with what variable. You can do this for any form of presenting information, be it pie chart, bar graph, or line graph. Since there are only 60 vegetarians and vegans total on campus, going up in 5-person increments on the left side makes sense. Therefore, the vegetarian bar will go up to 50 people, while the vegan bar will only go up to 10 people, showing that there are more vegetarians on campus.
Summary: Use a bar graph to compare different categories. Set up the sides of your chart. Choose a way to refer to your variables.You can make creating a graph easier on yourself by choosing symbols to represent variables. Choose the increments you will use to graph your information.