Problem: Article: When you decide to sue someone for diminishing your religious freedoms, the first important decision you will have to make is whether you will file your lawsuit in state or federal court. Depending on the circumstances, you may be able to choose or you may be required to file in one or the other. State courts are usually courts of general jurisdiction and can hear any case brought in front of them unless they are specifically barred from doing so. On the other hand, if you want to file your lawsuit in federal court you will have to meet one of two jurisdictional tests. First, you can file in federal court if you are suing under a federal law, which includes the U.S. Constitution (i.e., federal question jurisdiction). For example, if you are suing an employer for employment discrimination, you might decide to sue under the federal law prohibiting those actions. Second, you can file in federal court if you have diversity of citizenship. Here, you and the defendant must be citizens of different states and the amount in controversy must exceed $75,000. If you can choose between the two, you should most likely choose to file in federal court. If you are suing based on a constitutional claim, or a federal law claim, the federal courts are much better equipped to handle your case. A lawsuit is started when a complaint is filed with the court. A complaint is a legal document that tells the judge and the defendant why you are suing someone, how the defendant violated the law, how you were injured, and what you want the court to do about it. Your complaint will include at least the following: The case caption, which includes the court where you are filing your complaint and the parties to the suit. The jurisdictional basis, which tells the court why they can hear the case. The nature of your suit and the cause of action (i.e., what law you are filing under and how you have been harmed). Whether you want a jury. Your request for relief, which is the dollar amount you are asking the defendant for. The summons is a document that demands that the defendant respond to your lawsuit. The summons is an already completed form and all you have to do is include the defendant's name, address, and the time limit in which they have to respond. The time frame a defendant must follow is laid out in state or federal rules of civil procedure. In most cases it is usually around 30 days. When you have completed your complaint and summons, you will take those forms to the courthouse and file them with the clerk of courts. In federal court, you can either file your case in-person or by email. If you can, file in-person. It will allow you to discuss your paperwork with the clerk of courts. Once the clerk of courts verifies your paperwork, he or she will ask you to pay a $400 filing fee (this fee may be more or less in state court). If you can afford the fee and pay it when you file, your lawsuit will be stamped as "filed" and you will be assigned a judge and case number. Also, you will receive a summons with the court's stamp on it, which you will need when you serve the defendant. If you cannot afford the fee, you must file a motion to proceed in forma pauperis, which asks the court to waive the fee. A judge will have to rule on this motion before your fee will be waived. If the motion is approved, your lawsuit will be stamped as "filed", you will be assigned a case number and judge, and you will receive an official summons from the court. You are required to notify the other party that they have been sued, and you do that by serving them with a copy of the complaint and summons. Under federal law, you have 120 days from when you file to serve the defendant. If you are in state court, you may have more or less time. Every defendant in your suit must be individually served. To serve the defendant, you will have someone personally hand the documents to the defendant or have them send the documents by certified mail. If you are in state court, you can hire the sheriff's office to conduct service. If you are in federal court, you can get the U.S. Marshal's Service to conduct service if the court approves it. Once the defendant has been served, the person who served them will complete a return of service form. This form asks the server to verify that service was indeed completed. When this form is completed, it will be returned to you. You will have to file the completed form with the clerk of courts so the court knows service has been completed. If the defendant responds to your lawsuit, it will usually be in the form of an answer. An answer responds to each of your allegations by either admitting or denying them. In addition, the defendant may make cross-claims against you. If cross-claims are made against you, you will have to respond as if you were the defendant. If a defendant fails to respond to your lawsuit, the court may enter a default judgment in your favor. When this happens, you will be awarded the relief you sought in your complaint.
Summary: Decide where to sue. Draft a complaint. Fill out a summons form. File your lawsuit. Serve the other party. File the return of service forms. Await an answer.

Problem: Article: Farms selling eggs that have earned the certified organic label are visited annually by an Organic Program Food Inspector, which ensures their quality. Also, certified organic eggs must come from chickens that have been fed organic feed, kept in humane living conditions and kept free from antibiotics or hormones. Many farmers may call their eggs "organic," but certification is the only way to know for sure. These eggs tend to have thicker shells than large eggs and are less likely to become contaminated by bacteria. If hens are allowed to nest anywhere they choose, then farmers will have no idea how old the eggs are or with what they have been in contact. Also, nest litter should be kept clean and dry and changed frequently. and preferably twice per day. The longer an egg remains in the nest, the more likely the egg will become dirty, broken or lose interior quality. The relative humidity in the room should be about 75 percent. Recycling a previously used egg carton is not recommended, and it is illegal in many places for farmers to sell eggs in a carton bearing the name of another farm.
Summary: Choose certified organic eggs. Select medium or small eggs. Nesting hens should be kept in a fenced area. Eggs should be collected before 10:00 a.m. Eggs should be stored large end up at a temperature between 50 and 55F (10 and 13C). Bring your own carton in which to carry eggs home. Finished.

Problem: Article: An improper fraction is one where the numerator is a larger number than the denominator. Always simplify an improper fraction before writing the final answer. To simplify, divide the numerator by the denominator and write the remainder as a fraction. For example: 10/3 Divide: 10/3 = 9 remainder 1 Write the remainder as a fraction: 1/3 A mixed number contains both a whole number and a fraction. It is the simplest form of an improper fraction. To write the mixed number, simply write the whole number and the fraction that was created by the remainder. For example: 10/3, 3 goes into 10 3 times with a remainder of 1. The mixed number is 31/3. Once you have multiplied through, you need to reduce the fraction. You can divide by a smaller number until the fraction is completely reduced. For example: Simplify the fraction 4/8. Divide both numbers by four to simplify. The simplest form of 4/8 is 1/2.
Summary:
Simplify the improper fraction. Write the mixed number. Reduce a fraction to its simplest form.