Question: The Z notation is a formal specification language used for describing and modelling computing systems. It is targeted at the clear specification of computer programs and computer-based systems in general.

In 1974, Jean-Raymond Abrial published "Data Semantics". He used a notation that would later be taught in the University of Grenoble until the end of the 1980s. While at EDF (Electricite de France), Abrial wrote internal notes on Z. The Z notation is used in the 1980 book "Methodes de programmation".

Z was originally proposed by Abrial in 1977 with the help of Steve Schuman and Bertrand Meyer. It was developed further at the Programming Research Group at Oxford University, where Abrial worked in the early 1980s, having arrived at Oxford in September 1979.

Abrial has said that Z is so named "Because it is the ultimate language!" although the name "Zermelo" is also associated with the Z notation through its use of ZermeloFraenkel set theory.

Z is based on the standard mathematical notation used in axiomatic set theory, lambda calculus, and first-order predicate logic. All expressions in Z notation are typed, thereby avoiding some of the paradoxes of naive set theory. Z contains a standardized catalogue (called the "mathematical toolkit") of commonly used mathematical functions and predicates, defined using Z itself. 1. What computer system is the article about?
2. What does it target?
3. Who created it?
4. What did he publish in 1974?
5. Where was the notation taught?
6. What book uses this notation?
7. When was the book published?
8. Who helped him create it?
9. WSho else/
10. Where was it developed?
11. Why does it have the name it does? Provide a numbered list of answers.
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A numbered of answers: 1. Z notation
2. the clear specification of computer programs
3. Jean-Raymond Abrial
4. Data Semantics
5. University of Grenoble
6. Methodes de programmation
7. 1980
8. Steve Schuman
9. Bertrand Meyer
10. Oxford University
11. its use of ZermeloFraenkel set theory

Question: Unicode is a computing industry standard for the consistent encoding, representation, and handling of text expressed in most of the world's writing systems. Developed in conjunction with the Universal Coded Character Set (UCS) standard and published as The Unicode Standard, the latest version of Unicode contains a repertoire of more than 120,000 characters covering 129 modern and historic scripts, as well as multiple symbol sets. The standard consists of a set of code charts for visual reference, an encoding method and set of standard character encodings, a set of reference data files, and a number of related items, such as character properties, rules for normalization, decomposition, collation, rendering, and bidirectional display order (for the correct display of text containing both right-to-left scripts, such as Arabic and Hebrew, and left-to-right scripts). As of June 2015[update], the most recent version is Unicode 8.0. The standard is maintained by the Unicode Consortium.

Unicode can be implemented by different character encodings. The most commonly used encodings are UTF-8, UTF-16 and the now-obsolete UCS-2. UTF-8 uses one byte for any ASCII character, all of which have the same code values in both UTF-8 and ASCII encoding, and up to four bytes for other characters. UCS-2 uses a 16-bit code unit (two 8-bit bytes) for each character but cannot encode every character in the current Unicode standard. UTF-16 extends UCS-2, using one 16-bit unit for the characters that were representable in UCS-2 and two 16-bit units (4 8 bits) to handle each of the additional characters. 1. What is unicode?
2. How many characters does it contain?
3. What are the most commonly used encodings?
4. How many bytes does UTF-8 use for any ASCII character?
5. What is the most recent version of unicode?
6. Who maintains the standard?
7. Is USC-2 obsolete?
8. How many bit code does UCS-2 use?
9. What does the Unicode standard contain code charts for?
10. anything else?
11. Is there incodeing for left-to-right scripts?
12. When was the most recent update of Unicode? Provide a numbered list of answers.
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A numbered of answers: 1. computing industry standard
2. more than 120,000
3. UTF-8, UTF-16
4. one
5. Unicode 8.0
6. Unicode Consortium
7. Yes
8. 16-bit
9. visual reference
10. an encoding method
11. Yes
12. June 2015

Question: Once upon a time there was a princess who lived in a high tower and she was not allowed to leave because of her mean mother. One day she chose to leave but her mother would not let her. The princess climbed out the window of the high tower and climbed down the south wall when her mother was sleeping. She wandered out a good ways. Finally she went into the forest where there are no electric poles but where there are some caves. There she met a young man who was running. His name was John. John asked the princess why such a beautiful woman like her was out in the middle of a forest. She said that she had been trapped for her whole life by an evil woman who said she was her mother. The man said that he would take the princess to a castle that was near. He also said that he thought that she may be the missing princess. As they go through the forest they run into many problems. They see that they are lost and have no way of finding where to go. After several days pass, the princess climbs up to the top of a tree in order to find out where they are. She sees that the castle where they want to go is not that far away and near a mountain. After thinking of the best way to get there, John and the princess go to the castle where they live for the rest of their lives. 1. Where did the princess live?
2. Did she go outside anytime she wanted?
3. why not?
4. Did she sneak out?
5. how'd she get out?
6. where'd she go?
7. Who'd she see?
8. where'd he want to take her?
9. was it an easy thing to do?
10. Did they know exactly where they were?
11. what did she do to help? Provide a numbered list of answers.
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A numbered of answers:
1. a high tower
2. no
3. because of her mother
4. yes
5. the window
6. the forest
7. John
8. to a castle
9. no
10. they are lost
11. climbs a tree