Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

Bergen, historically Bjrgvin, is a city and municipality in Hordaland on the west coast of Norway. , the municipality's population was 278,121, and the Bergen metropolitan region has about 420,000 inhabitants. Bergen is the second-largest city in Norway. The municipality covers and is on the peninsula of Bergenshalvyen. The city centre and northern neighbourhoods are on Byfjorden, 'the city fjord', and the city is surrounded by mountains; Bergen is known as the 'city of seven mountains'. Many of the extra-municipal suburbs are on islands. Bergen is the administrative centre of Hordaland and consists of eight boroughsArna, Bergenhus, Fana, Fyllingsdalen, Laksevag, Ytrebygda, Arstad and Asane.

Trading in Bergen may have started as early as the 1020s. According to tradition, the city was founded in 1070 by king Olav Kyrre and was named Bjrgvin, 'the green meadow among the mountains'. It served as Norway's capital in the 13th century, and from the end of the 13th century became a bureau city of the Hanseatic League. Until 1789, Bergen enjoyed exclusive rights to mediate trade between Northern Norway and abroad and it was the largest city in Norway until the 1830s when it was surpassed by the capital, Christiania (now known as Oslo). What remains of the quays, Bryggen, is a World Heritage Site. The city was hit by numerous fires over the years. The Bergen School of Meteorology was developed at the Geophysical Institute beginning in 1917, the Norwegian School of Economics was founded in 1936, and the University of Bergen in 1946. From 1831 to 1972, Bergen was its own county. In 1972 the municipality absorbed four surrounding municipalities and became a part of Hordaland county.

1. What is the next to biggest Norwegian city?
2. What Norwegian region is it located in?
3. How many people live in the municipality?
4. And the metro area?
5. Is it ringed by forests?
6. What is around the city?
7. What's its nickname?
8. Where are lots of the suburban areas found?
9. How many boroughs does it have?
10. What are their names?
11. When did commerce begin in the area?
12. And when was Bergen officially founded?
13. By whom?
14. What was its original name?
15. What does that mean?
16. When was it the capital of the nation?
17. After that, what organization did it join?
18. Did Bergen ever have sole rights to trade in an area of the country?

Numbered answers:

A: 1. Bergen
2. the west coast
3. 278,121
4. 420,000
5. no
6. mountains
7. the city of seven mountains
8. on islands
9. eight
10. Arna, Bergenhus, Fana, Fyllingsdalen, Laksevag, Ytrebygda, Arstad and Asane
11. as early as the 1020s
12. in 1070
13. king Olav Kyrre
14. Bjrgvin
15. 'the green meadow among the mountains'
16. in the 13th century
17. the Hanseatic League
18. yes

Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

On June 26, 2000, two scientists, called Francis Collins and Craig Venter, told the world that they could read the whole "map" of the human body: DNA. DNA is something that everybody has, and it tells the body what to do. DNA is the reason that we look like our mother and father, because we get some of their DNA to make our own. People have been trying to understand the human body for a long time. In 1860, Gregor Mendel discovered a special reason why we look the same as other people in our family. It is because of small things named "genes" in our body. In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick made another discovery and found out that those small parts are real messages written in the DNA with a special language. In 1961, Marshall Nirenberg and Johann Matthaci found a message in DNA showing how DNA tells the cell to build its parts. Scientists have now found all the words in the DNA map, but we still do not understand what they all do. By understanding what just one "word" means, we can help save more people from several illnesses. Most people hope that this will help make better medicine and help sick people. Other people worry that when people begin to know more words and find out lots of other information, we might use it in a wrong way, just to make people more attractive, or stop sick people from getting jobs. Man would have to meet a lot of trouble if DNA technic wasn't limited in use.

1. How many scientists were there?
2. What were there names?
3. Who did tey tell they could read the whole map of the human body?
4. When?
5. What is something that everybody has?
6. What did it tell our body?
7. Is it the reason we look like our mother and father?
8. Why?
9. Who discovered this?

Numbered answers:

A: 1. two
2. Francis Collins and Craig Venter
3. the world
4. June 26, 2000
5. DNA
6. what to do
7. yes
8. we get some of their DNA
9. Francis Collins and Craig Venter

Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

According to a recent study out of the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School, men with shaved heads are considered to be more manly, powerful, and successful than those with longer hair or thinning hair. Besides, in some cases, they are considered to have greater leadership potential . That may explain why the power-buzz look has become popular among business leaders in recent years.

Albert Mannes, Wharton management lecturer, said he was encouraged to do the research after noticing that he was treated with more respect when he shaved off his thinning hair.

Mannes did three experiments to test people's impression of men with shaved heads. In one of the experiments, he showed 344 subject photos of the same men in two versions: one showing the men with hair and the other showing them with their hair digitally removed, so their heads appear shaved. In all three tests, the subject report found the men with shaved heads are more dominant than their hairy counterparts .

The study found that men with thinning hair were viewed as the least attractive and powerful. For those men, _ .

New York image consultant Julie Rath advised her clients to get closely cropped when they start thinning up top. "There is something really strong, powerful and confident about laying it all bare ," she said, describing the thinning look as kind of raunchy .

Not everyone needs a bare head. Rick Devine, 55, the CEO of Devine Capital Partners, advised executive candidates attracted by their clippers to keep their hair closely cropped, rather than completely shaved. "It is way too much image risk," he said, "The best thing you can do in a business meeting is to make your look not an issue."

1. What type of men were found by the study to be more manly?
2. Who was encouraged to do the research?
3. What did he notice?
4. How many experiments did he do?
5. How many subject photos did he use?
6. What men were viewed as the least attractive in the study
7. What is the name of the image consultant?
8. What did she advise to her clients?
9. How did she describe the thinning look?
10. Who is the CEO of Devine Capital Partners?
11. How old is he?
12. What did he advise executive candidates?
13. Why did he give that advice?
14. Did the tests indicate men with shaved heads are more dominant than their hairy counterparts?
15. According to the text, as the power-buzz look become more popular in business?
16. Where was the study carried out?
17. How did the study remove hair from pictures?

Numbered answers:

A:
1. men with shaved heads
2. Albert Mannes
3. he was treated with more respect when he shaved off his thinning hair
4. three
5. 344
6. men with thinning hair
7. Julie Rath
8. get closely cropped when they start thinning up top
9. kind of raunchy
10. Rick Devine
11. 55
12. keep their hair closely cropped
13. too much image risk
14. Yes
15. seem to have greater leadership potential
16. University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School
17. digitally