input: Cuba (), officially the Republic of Cuba (), is a country comprising the island of Cuba as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located in the northern Caribbean where the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Atlantic Ocean meet. It is south of both the U.S. state of Florida and the Bahamas, west of Haiti, and north of Jamaica. Havana is the largest city and capital; other major cities include Santiago de Cuba and Camaguey. Cuba is the largest island in the Caribbean, with an area of , and the second-most populous after Hispaniola, with over 11 million inhabitants.

Prior to Spanish colonization in the late 15th century, Cuba was inhabited by Amerindian tribes. It remained a colony of Spain until the SpanishAmerican War of 1898, which led to nominal independence as a "de facto" United States protectorate in 1902. As a fragile republic, Cuba attempted to strengthen its democratic system, but mounting political radicalization and social strife culminated in the dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista in 1952. Further unrest and instability led to Batista's ousting in January 1959 by the July 26 Movement, which afterwards established a dictatorship under the leadership of Fidel Castro. Since 1965, the state has been governed by the Communist Party of Cuba. A point of contention during the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States, a nuclear war nearly broke out during the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962. Cuba is one of the few remaining MarxistLeninist socialist states, where the role of the vanguard Communist Party is enshrined in the Constitution. Independent observers have accused the Cuban government of numerous human rights abuses, including arbitrary imprisonment. 1. Before Spain arrived, who inhabited Cuba?
2. When did the Spanish come?
3. Until what year did it remain a colony?
4. What historic event happened that year?
5. What did that lead to for the country?
6. Who protected them?
7. What did the nation attempt to do next?
8. Did they succeed?
9. What did the failure result in?
10. When did that end?
11. What was the dictator's name?
12. When was he overthrown?
13. By what group?
14. Who was their leader?
15. What group took over the nation after these events?
16. Did events in the nation almost lead to war?
17. What was the name of this crisis?
18. Of which year?
19. Is the nation a capitalism?
20. Do they have a good track record involving human rights? Return numbered answers in your output.

output: 1. Amerindian tribes
2. in the late 15th century
3. 1898
4. the SpanishAmerican War
5. nominal independence
6. the United States
7. strengthen its democratic system
8. no
9. a dictatorship
10. unknown
11. Fulgencio Batista
12. January 1959
13. the July 26 Movement
14. Fidel Castro
15. the Communist Party
16. YES
17. the Cuban Missile Crisis
18. 1962
19. no
20. no

input: The Black Death is thought to have originated in the arid plains of Central Asia, where it then travelled along the Silk Road, reaching Crimea by 1343. From there, it was most likely carried by Oriental rat fleas living on the black rats that were regular passengers on merchant ships. Spreading throughout the Mediterranean and Europe, the Black Death is estimated to have killed 3060% of Europe's total population. In total, the plague reduced the world population from an estimated 450 million down to 350375 million in the 14th century. The world population as a whole did not recover to pre-plague levels until the 17th century. The plague recurred occasionally in Europe until the 19th century.

The plague disease, caused by Yersinia pestis, is enzootic (commonly present) in populations of fleas carried by ground rodents, including marmots, in various areas including Central Asia, Kurdistan, Western Asia, Northern India and Uganda. Nestorian graves dating to 133839 near Lake Issyk Kul in Kyrgyzstan have inscriptions referring to plague and are thought by many epidemiologists to mark the outbreak of the epidemic, from which it could easily have spread to China and India. In October 2010, medical geneticists suggested that all three of the great waves of the plague originated in China. In China, the 13th century Mongol conquest caused a decline in farming and trading. However, economic recovery had been observed at the beginning of the 14th century. In the 1330s a large number of natural disasters and plagues led to widespread famine, starting in 1331, with a deadly plague arriving soon after. Epidemics that may have included plague killed an estimated 25 million Chinese and other Asians during the 15 years before it reached Constantinople in 1347. 1. How much of Europe's population was killed by the Black Death?
2. What is the bacterium that caused it?
3. Where is it often found?
4. where do the fleas live?
5. How did it get to Europe?
6. What do many scientists believe was the start of the plague?
7. how many people died before the disease came to Turkey?
8. When did the population rebound?
9. Were there any more outbreaks?
10. when did they stop? Return numbered answers in your output.

output: 1. 3060%
2. Yersinia pestis
3. In flea populations?
4. In Central Asia
5. From fleas on merchant ships
6. A plague in China
7. unknown
8. 17th century.
9. Yes
10. 19th century.

input: CHAPTER XVIII: DOUBLE, DOUBLE TOIL AND TROUBLE

'Truly the tender mercies of the weak, As of the wicked, are but cruel.'

And how did Lilias show that she had been truly benefited by her sorrows? Did she fall back into her habits of self-indulgence, or did she run into ill-directed activity, selfish as her indolence, because only gratifying the passion of the moment?

Those who lived with her saw but little change; kind-hearted and generous she had ever been, and many had been her good impulses, so that while she daily became more steady in well-doing, and exerting herself on principle, no one remarked it, and no one entered into the struggles which it cost her to tame her impetuosity, or force herself to do what was disagreeable to herself, and might offend Emily.

However, Emily could forgive a great deal when she found that Lily was ready to take any part of the business of the household and schoolroom, which she chose to impose upon her, without the least objection, yet to leave her to assume as much of the credit of managing as she chose--to have no will or way of her own, and to help her to keep her wardrobe in order.

The schoolroom was just now more of a labour than had ever been the case, at least to one who, like Lilias, if she did a thing at all, would not be satisfied with half doing it. Phyllis was not altered, except that she cried less, and had in a great measure cured herself of dawdling habits and tricks, by her honest efforts to obey well- remembered orders of Eleanor's; but still her slowness and dulness were trying to her teachers, and Lily had often to reproach herself for being angry with her 'when she was doing her best.' 1. Who found they could forgive a great deal?
2. Who was forgiven?
3. Had her routines before been generous to others?
4. Did her housemates see a big difference in her?
5. How many places was she ready to participate in helping with?
6. What were they?
7. Which one was more work?
8. Was she able to only go halfway in effort in there?
9. Who tried to comply with directives?
10. Whose directives?
11. Who had to remind herself to not be cross with the girl? Return numbered answers in your output.

output:
1. Emily
2. Lily
3. yes
4. no
5. Two
6. the business of the household and schoolroom
7. The schoolroom
8. no
9. lily
10. Emily
11. lily