Answer the following question given this paragraph: Electrons were the first particles with mass to be directly confirmed to have the wavelength proposed by de Broglie. Subsequently, protons, helium nuclei, neutrons, and many others have been observed to exhibit interference when they interact with objects having sizes similar to their de Broglie wavelength. The de Broglie wavelength for massless particles was well established in the 1920s for photons, and it has since been observed that all massless particles have a de Broglie wavelength = h / p. The wave nature of all particles is a universal characteristic of nature. We shall see in following sections that implications of the de Broglie wavelength include the quantization of energy in atoms and molecules, and an alteration of our basic view of nature on the microscopic scale. The next section, for example, shows that there are limits to the precision with which we may make predictions, regardless of how hard we try. There are even limits to the precision with which we may measure an object's location or energy. Making Connections: A Submicroscopic Diffraction Grating The wave nature of matter allows it to exhibit all the characteristics of other, more familiar, waves. Diffraction gratings, for example, produce diffraction patterns for light that depend on grating spacing and the wavelength of the light. This effect, as with most wave phenomena, is most pronounced when the wave interacts with objects having a size similar to its wavelength. For gratings, this is the spacing between multiple slits. ) When electrons interact with a system having a spacing similar to the electron wavelength, they show the same types of interference patterns as light does for diffraction gratings, as shown at top left in Figure 29.24. Atoms are spaced at regular intervals in a crystal as parallel planes, as shown in the bottom part of Figure 29.24. The spacings between these planes act like the openings in a diffraction grating. At certain incident angles, the paths of electrons scattering from successive planes differ by one... Q: What were the first particles with mass to be directly confirmed to have the wavelength proposed by de broglie? A:

OPTIONS:
- negatrons
- protons
- ions
- electrons

Answer: electrons

Problem: OPTIONS:
- ostrich
- rhino
- greyhound
- cheetah
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Mammals are noted for the many ways they can move. Some mammals are well known for their speed. The fastest land animal is a mammal, the cheetah. It can race at speeds of up to 112 kilometers (70 miles) per hour. Q: What is the fastest land animal? A:
Answer: cheetah

Problem:OPTIONS:
- cell wall
- nucleus
- cytoplasm
- chloroplasts

Answer the following question given this paragraph: In plants and algae, photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts. (Photosynthetic bacteria have other structures for this purpose. ) A chloroplast is a type of plastid, or plant organelle. It contains the green pigment known as chlorophyll . The presence of chloroplasts in plant cells is one of the major ways they differ from animal cells. You can see chloroplasts in plant cells Figure below . Q: In plants and algae where does photosynthesis takes place in? A:
****
A: chloroplasts

Answer the following question given this paragraph: An antibody matches only one type of antigen. Q: How many types of antigens can an antibody match? A:
OPTIONS:
- two
- four
- infinite
- one
one

Answer the following question given this paragraph: The urinary system controls the amount of water in the body and removes wastes. Any problem with the urinary system can also affect many other body systems. Q: Which human body system controls the amount of water in the body and removes wastes? A:
OPTIONS:
- lymphatic system
- mucous system
- digestive system
- urinary system

Answer: urinary system

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The Peritoneum The digestive organs within the abdominal cavity are held in place by the peritoneum, a broad serous membranous sac made up of squamous epithelial tissue surrounded by connective tissue. It is composed of two different regions: the parietal peritoneum, which lines the abdominal wall, and the visceral peritoneum, which envelopes the abdominal organs (Figure 23.4). The peritoneal cavity is the space bounded by the visceral and parietal peritoneal surfaces. A few milliliters of watery fluid act as a lubricant to minimize friction between the serosal surfaces of the peritoneum. Q: The digestive organs within the abdominal cavity are held in place by the peritoneum, a broad serous membranous sac made up of squamous epithelial tissue surrounded by this? A:
OPTIONS:
- mucus
- skin
- bone
- connective tissue
output:
connective tissue