Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Input: Consider Input: Interfacility ground critical care transport (CCT) of patients by ambulance may be stressful. This study evaluated whether playing music during CCT reduces patient anxiety and whether objective evidence is manifested by a change in vital signs.', 'Urban teaching hospital.', 'In this prospective cohort study, music was played for eligible adult patients during CCT while recording vital signs. A questionnaire was subsequently mailed to patients to rate whether the ambulance transport was stressful, the impact music had on transport, whether music changed their anxiety, whether music made them comfortable and relaxed, and whether they would prefer music to be played on future transports. Vital signs were compared between respondents who perceived transport as stressful and those who did not.', 'One hundred two patients were enrolled; 23 respondents (22.5%) constituted the study group. Four patients (17.4%) reported CCT as stressful (average response, 4.75). Nineteen (82.6%) rated CCT as not stressful (average response, 1.63). Subjectively, patients reported a positive impact of music on transport, with improved comfort and relaxation but only a minimal decrease in anxiety. No statistically significant change in vital signs was observed between cohorts; too few patients were enrolled to generate power to detect any difference.

Output: 0

Input: Consider Input: Considerable variation exists in the protocols used to induce hyperresponsiveness in murine models of allergic sensitisation. We examined the effect of varying the number of antigen exposures at challenge on the development of methacholine responsiveness in systemically sensitised mice.', 'BALB/c mice were sensitised with ovalbumin (OVA), challenged with 1, 3 or 6 OVA aerosols. Lung function was measured using low frequency forced oscillations and partitioned into components representing the airways (Raw) and lung parenchyma (tissue damping (G) and tissue elastance (H)). Responsiveness to inhaled methacholine (MCh), inflammatory cell profile and circulating IgE were assessed 24 and 48 hours after challenge. The threshold dose of MCh required to elicit a detectable response (sensitivity) and response to 30 mg x mL(-1) (maximal response) were determined for each compartment.', 'Sensitivity; All three OVA protocols resulted in an increased sensitivity to MCh in Raw but not in G or H. These responses where present at 24 and 48 hrs, except 1 OVA aerosol in which changes had resolved by 48 hrs. Maximal response; 1 OVA aerosol increased maximal responses in Raw, G and H at 24 hrs, which was gone by 48 hrs. Three OVA aerosols increased responses in H at 48 hrs only. Six OVA challenges caused increases in Raw, G and H at both 24 and 48 hrs. Eosinophils increased with increasing antigen challenges. IgE was elevated by OVA sensitisation but not boosted by OVA aerosol challenge.

Output: 0

Input: Consider Input: Plasma VEGF levels increase after minimally invasive colorectal resection (MICR) and remain elevated for 2-4 weeks. VEGF induces physiologic and pathologic angiogenesis by binding to endothelial cell (EC) bound VEGF-Receptor-1 (VEGFR1) and VEGFR2. Soluble forms of these receptors sequester plasma VEGF, decreasing the amount available to bind to EC-bound receptors. Ramifications of surgery-related plasma VEGF changes partially depend on plasma levels of sVEGFR1 and sVEGFR2. This study assessed perioperative sVEGFR1 and sVEGFR2 levels after MICR in patients with colorectal cancer.', 'Forty-five patients were studied; blood samples were taken from all patients preoperatively (preop) and on postoperative days (POD) 1 and 3; in most a fourth sample was drawn between POD 7-30. Late samples were bundled into two time points: POD 7-13 and POD 14-30. sVEGFR1 and sVEGFR2 levels were measured via ELISA. sVEGFR2 data are reported as mean +/- SD and were assessed with the paired samples t test. sVEGFR1 data were not normally distributed. They are reported as median and 95% confidence interval (CI) and were assessed with the Wilcoxon signed-Rank test (p < 0.05).', 'Preoperatively, the mean plasma sVEGFR2 level (7583.9 pg/ml) was greater than the sVEGFR1 result (98.3 pg/ml). Compared with preop levels, sVEGFR2 levels were significantly lower on POD 1 (6068.2 pg/ml, +/-2034.5) and POD 3 (6227.6 pg/ml, +/-2007.0), whereas sVEGFR1 levels were significantly greater on POD 1 (237.5 pg/ml; 95% CI, 89.6-103.5), POD 3 (200.2 pg/ml; 95% CI, 159-253), and POD 7-13 (102.9 pg/ml; 95% CI, 189.7-253). No differences were found on POD 7-13 for sVEGFR2 or POD 14-30 for either protein.
Output: 0