Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
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Question: Prostate cancer is one of the most common complex diseases with high leading cause of death in men. Identifications of prostate cancer associated genes and biomarkers are thus essential as they can gain insights into the mechanisms underlying disease progression and advancing for early diagnosis and developing effective therapies.', 'In this study, we presented an integrative analysis of gene expression profiling and protein interaction network at a systematic level to reveal candidate disease-associated genes and biomarkers for prostate cancer progression. At first, we reconstructed the human prostate cancer protein-protein interaction network (HPC-PPIN) and the network was then integrated with the prostate cancer gene expression data to identify modules related to different phases in prostate cancer. At last, the candidate module biomarkers were validated by its predictive ability of prostate cancer progression.', 'Different phases-specific modules were identified for prostate cancer. Among these modules, transcription Androgen Receptor (AR) nuclear signaling and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) signalling pathway were shown to be the pathway targets for prostate cancer progression. The identified candidate disease-associated genes showed better predictive ability of prostate cancer progression than those of published biomarkers. In context of functional enrichment analysis, interestingly candidate disease-associated genes were enriched in the nucleus and different functions were encoded for potential transcription factors, for examples key players as AR, Myc, ESR1 and hidden player as Sp1 which was considered as a potential novel biomarker for prostate cancer.

Answer: Does integrative analysis reveal disease-associated genes and biomarkers for prostate cancer progression?

Question: In patients presenting with a breast lesion, when initial core biopsy histology falls into the category of "uncertain malignant potential" (i.e. a B3 lesion), the next line of investigation has traditionally been a surgical biopsy (SBx). Vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB) may be a viable minimally invasive alternative to SBx for B3 lesions. The primary aims of this study were to establish whether VAB reduces the need for surgical biopsy and determine VAB sensitivity for carcinoma following initial B3 histology.', 'B3 lesion data was collected from 2004 to 2013 retrospectively, from a single institution that utilises both VAB and SBx.', 'A total of 413 lesions were categorised B3 on initial biopsy. Mean age was 61 years (range: 24-91 years). Mean follow up was 52 months (range: 19-60 months). 156 patients (38%) underwent VAB. Only 20% of patients underwent VAB in 2004, with an increase to 95% by 2013. VAB histology revealed twelve carcinomas, all of which progressed to surgical excision. In six cases, a SBx was required following VAB in order to provide further diagnostic information. In one case, carcinoma was missed on VAB.

Answer: Is vacuum-assisted biopsy a viable alternative to surgical biopsy in the investigation of breast lesions of uncertain malignant potential?

Question: The theoretical effects on corneal transparency induced by changes in collagen fibril packing following phototherapeutic keratectomy were compared to changes in objective measurements of haze.', 'Phototherapeutic keratectomy was performed on the right eyes of four young rabbits; left eyes were used as controls. Postoperative slit-lamp measurements of haze were taken at regular intervals up to 19 months. Wounded stromas were studied by synchrotron x-ray diffraction to calculate the average interfibrillar spacing of the collagen fibrils. These data were combined with transmission electron microscope measurements, and the summation of scattered fields method was used to predict the transmission of visible light.', 'Objective measurements of haze were higher than the baseline control throughout the study. Electron micrographs of anterior stroma in 8-month-old wounds displayed irregularly spaced and poorly organized fibrils and x-ray diffraction indicated larger mean interfibrillar spacing compared to the controls. However, the predicted transmission of visible light through the anterior stromal scar tissue was not significantly different than normal.

Answer:
Do persistent haze and disorganization of anterior stromal collagen appear unrelated following phototherapeutic keratectomy?