In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.

J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Highlights As of 10 March 2020, Italy has reported 9,172 COVID-19 cases with 463 deaths. We reported real-time reproductive numbers (R(t))and case fatality rate in in selected European countries (Italy, France, Germany, and Spain) by 9 March 2020. The R(t) was greater than 2 in the selected European countries, indicating the outbreak will continue. Objectives: As a global pandemic is inevitable, real-time monitoring of transmission is vital for containing the spread of COVID-19. The main objective was to report real-time effective reproduction numbers (R(t)) case fatality rate (CFR). Methods: Data were mainly obtained from WHO website, up to 9 March 2020. R(t) was estimated by exponential growth rate (EG) and time dependent (TD) methods. "R0" package in R was employed to estimate R(t) by fitting the existing epidemic curve. Both naive CFR (nCFR) and adjust CFR (aCFR) were estimated. : In EG method, R(t) was 3.27 [3.17-3.38] for Italy, 6.32 [5.72-6.99] for France, 6.07 [5.51-6.69] for Germany, 5.08 [4.51-5.74] for Spain. With TD method, the R value for March 9 was 3.10 J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f [2.21-4.11] for Italy, 6.56 [2.04-12.26] for France, 4.43 [1.83-7.92] for Germany, and 3.95 [0-10.19] for Spain. Conclusions: This study provides important findings on an early outbreak of COVID-19 in Europe. Due to the recent rapid increase in new cases of COVID-19, real-time monitoring of the transmissibility and mortality in Spain and France is a priority J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020; 9. Kucharski AJ, Edmunds WJ. Case fatality rate for Ebola virus disease in west Africa. Lancet. 2014;384(9950):1260. J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f
Journal Pre-proof Monitoring Transmissibility and Mortality of COVID-19 in Europe TITLE PAGE Monitoring Transmissibility and Mortality of COVID-19 in Europe