Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Joules and calories are the units of energy and heat. Q: Joules and calories are the units of what? A:
OPTIONS:
- weight and energy
- mass and potential
- heat and velocity
- energy and heat
Answer: energy and heat

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Almost all protozoa can move. They have special appendages for this purpose. You can see different types in Figure below . Cilia (cilium, singular) are short, hair-like projections. Pseudopods are temporary extensions of the cytoplasm. Flagella are long, whip-like structures. Flagella are also found in most prokaryotes. Q: Pseudopods are temporary extensions of what? A:
OPTIONS:
- the cell wall
- the mucus
- cytopods
- the cytoplasm
output: the cytoplasm

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Young eutherians complete their embryonic development within what? A:

OPTIONS:
- pollen grains
- ovaries
- spores
- uterus

A: uterus

input: OPTIONS:
- liquids solution
- hydro solution
- sediment solution
- aqueous solution Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Solutions We have previously defined solutions as homogeneous mixtures, meaning that the composition of the mixture (and therefore its properties) is uniform throughout its entire volume. Solutions occur frequently in nature and have also been implemented in many forms of manmade technology. We will explore a more thorough treatment of solution properties in the chapter on solutions and colloids, but here we will introduce some of the basic properties of solutions. The relative amount of a given solution component is known as its concentration. Often, though not always, a solution contains one component with a concentration that is significantly greater than that of all other components. This component is called the solvent and may be viewed as the medium in which the other components are dispersed, or dissolved. Solutions in which water is the solvent are, of course, very common on our planet. A solution in which water is the solvent is called an aqueous solution. A solute is a component of a solution that is typically present at a much lower concentration than the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration). Concentrations may be quantitatively assessed using a wide variety of measurement units, each convenient for particular applications. Molarity (M) is a useful concentration unit for many applications in chemistry. Molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute in exactly 1 liter (1 L) of the solution: M = mol solute L solution. Q: What term is used to describe a solution in which water is the solvent? A:
A:
output: aqueous solution

Answer the following question given this paragraph: The planets make slightly elliptical orbits around the Sun. Q: What is the shape of the orbits that planets make around the sun? A:

OPTIONS:
- conical
- variable
- elongated
- elliptical

Answer: elliptical

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: 20.8 End-of-Chapter Material Chapter Summary To ensure that you understand the material in this chapter, you should review the meanings of the bold terms in the following summary and ask yourself how they relate to the topics in the chapter. Metabolism is the general term for all chemical reactions in living organisms. The two types of metabolism are catabolismthose reactions in which complex molecules (carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins) are broken down to simpler ones with the concomitant release of energyand anabolismthose reactions that consume energy to build complex molecules. Metabolism is studied by looking at individual metabolic pathways, which are a series of biochemical reactions in which a given reactant is converted to a desired end product. The oxidation of fuel molecules (primarily carbohydrates and lipids), a process called respiration, is the source of energy used by cells. Catabolic reactions release energy from food molecules and use some of that energy for the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP); anabolic reactions use the energy in ATP to create new compounds. Catabolism can be divided into three stages. In stage I, carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are broken down into their individual monomer unitssimple sugars, fatty acids, and amino acids, respectively. In stage II, these monomer units are broken down by specific metabolic pathways to form a common end product acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA). In stage III, acetyl-CoA is completely oxidized to form carbon dioxide and water, and ATP is produced. Saylor URL: http://www. saylor. org/books. Q: Catabolism and anabolism are the two types of what? A:

OPTIONS:
- heart rate
- cells
- calcium
- metabolism

A:
metabolism