In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

Ex Input:
Context: Sleep disturbances have been thought to augment pain. Sleep deprivation has been proven to produce hyperalgesic effects. It is still unclear whether these changes are truly specific to pain and not related to general changes in somatosensory functions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of total sleep deprivation on thermal pain thresholds (heat, cold) and pain complaints. Thermal detection thresholds (warmth, cold) were included as covariates to determine the contribution of somatosensory functions to changes in pain processing.', 'Twenty healthy volunteers were randomly assigned either to two nights of total sleep deprivation or to two nights of undisturbed night sleep. Sleep deprivation nights were separated by two days with normal night sleep. Heat and cold pain thresholds as well as warmth and cold detection thresholds were measured by use of a peltier thermode in the evening before and the morning after each deprivation or control night. Pain complaints were examined by use of a questionnaire in parallel.', 'During treatment nights, sleep deprivation produced a significant overnight decrease in heat pain thresholds. Cold pain thresholds tended to decrease also during sleep deprivation, whereas the warmth and cold detection thresholds remained unaffected. Accordingly, no substantial contributions of the changes in thermal detection thresholds to the changes in thermal pain thresholds were determined by regression analyses. Pain complaints were not induced by sleep deprivation.\Question: Does sleep deprivation affect thermal pain thresholds but not somatosensory thresholds in healthy volunteers?

Ex Output:
The present findings suggest that sleep deprivation produces hyperalgesic changes that cannot be explained by nonspecific alterations in somatosensory functions.

Ex Input:
Context: Animal data show that low protein intake in pregnancy programs higher offspring blood pressure, but similar data in humans are limited. We examined the associations of first and second trimester maternal protein intake with offspring blood pressure (BP) at the age of six months.', 'In a prospective US cohort study, called Project Viva, pregnant women completed validated semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaires (FFQ) to measure gestational protein intake. Among 947 mother-offspring pairs with first trimester dietary data and 910 pairs with second trimester data, we measured systolic blood pressure (SBP) up to five times with an automated device in the offspring at the age of six months. Controlling for blood pressure measurement conditions, maternal and infant characteristics, we examined the effect of energy-adjusted maternal protein intake on infant SBP using multivariable mixed effects models.', 'Mean daily second trimester maternal protein intake was 17.6% of energy (mean 2111 kcal/day). First trimester nutrient intakes were similar. Mean SBP at age 6 months was 90.0 mm Hg (SD 12.9). Consistent with prior reports, adjusted SBP was 1.94 mm Hg lower [95% confidence interval (CI) -3.45 to -0.42] for each kg increase in birth weight. However, we did not find an association between maternal protein intake and infant SBP. After adjusting for covariates, the effect estimates were 0.14 mm Hg (95% CI 20.12 to 20.40) for a 1% increase in energy from protein during the second trimester, and 20.01 mm Hg (95% CI 20.24 to -0.23) for a 1% increase in energy from protein in the first trimester.\Question: Is maternal protein intake associated with infant blood pressure?

Ex Output:
Variation in maternal total protein intake during pregnancy does not appear to program offspring blood pressure.

Ex Input:
Context: The purpose of this study was to determine whether chronic energy deficiency achieved with caloric restriction combined with exercise is associated with changes in the 24-hour profile of ghrelin in non-obese, pre-menopausal women.', 'Twelve non-obese (BMI = 18 to 25 kg/m(2)), non-exercising women (age, 18 to 24 years) were randomly assigned to a non-exercising control group or a diet and exercise group. The 3-month diet and exercise intervention yielded a daily energy deficit of -45.7 +/- 12.4%. Serial measurements were made of body composition, energy balance, and feelings of fullness. Repeated blood sampling over 24 hours to measure ghrelin occurred before and after the study.', 'Significant decreases in body weight, body fat, and feelings of fullness were observed in only the energy-deficit group (p < 0.05); significant changes in the following ghrelin features were found in only the deficit group (p < 0.05): elevations in baseline (+353 +/- 118 pg/mL), lunch peak (+370 +/- 102 pg/mL), dinner peak (+438 +/- 149 pg/mL), nocturnal rise (+269 +/- 77 pg/mL), and nocturnal peak (+510 +/- 143 pg/mL). In addition, we found a larger dinner decline (-197 +/- 52 pg/mL) and negative correlations between changes in the ghrelin dinner profile and changes in body weight (R = 0.784), 24-hour intake (R = 0.67), energy deficiency (R = 0.762), and feelings of fullness (R = 0.648; p < 0.05).\Question: Is twenty-four-hour ghrelin elevated after calorie restriction and exercise training in non-obese women?

Ex Output:
Changes in ghrelin concentrations across the day after weight loss are closely associated with other physiological adaptations to energy deficiency, further supporting the role of ghrelin as a countermeasure to restore energy balance.