In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

Example Input: Context: The cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2) pathway is now recognized to be important in human cancer development and progression. The gene for cox-2 carries a common single nucleotide polymorphism, T8473C, located within a potential functional region in the 3'-UTR of cox-2 gene was identified. We have investigated the frequencies of cox-2 genotypes in Tunisian population to determine whether that polymorphism was associated with the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in Tunisian population.", 'One hundred and eighty-nine NPC patients were compared to 237 healthy controls.', 'The cox-2 T8473C polymorphism was significantly associated with NPC (P=0.031). The CC-genotype and C allele were more frequent in control compared to patients group [CC: OR=0.37; P=0.013; 95% CI: 0.17-0.81; C: OR=0.72; P=0.032; 95% CI: 0.53-0.97]. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that the CC-genotype was associated with a significantly decreased risk of NPC (P=0.013). Tumor sizes, histologic grade, presence of primary lymph node metastases, age or sex were not associated with cox-2 genotypes.\Question: Does the CC-genotype of the cyclooxygenase-2 gene associate with decreased risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in a Tunisian population?
Example Output: We conclude that the CC-genotype and C allele of cox-2 T8473C gene polymorphism are associated with decreased risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in a Tunisian population.

Example Input: Context: Upregulator of cell proliferation 4 (URG4) has been implicated in the oncogenesis of certain cancers. However, the correlation between URG4 expression and clinicopathological significance in human cancer remains unclear. Therefore, this study investigated its expression and clinicopathological significance in cervical cancer patients.', 'URG4 expression was examined using quantitative PCR (qPCR) and western blotting in normal cervical epithelial cells, cervical cancer cells, and eight matched pairs of cervical cancer tissues and adjacent noncancerous tissues from the same patient. In addition, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to examine URG4 expression in paraffin-embedded tissues from 167 cervical cancer patients (FIGO stages Ib1-IIa2). Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate associations between URG4 expression and prognostic and diagnostic factors.', 'URG4 was significantly upregulated in the cervical cancer cell lines and tissues compared with the normal cells and adjacent noncancerous cervical tissues. IHC revealed high URG4 expression in 59 out of the 167 (35.13%) cervical cancer specimens. Its expression was significantly correlated with clinical stage (P < 0.0001), tumour size (P = 0.012), T classification (P = 0.023), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.001) and vaginal involvement (P = 0.002). Patients with high URG4 expression, particularly those who received concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy (P < 0.0001), showed a shorter overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) compared to those with the low expression of this protein. Multivariate analysis revealed that URG4 expression is an independent prognostic factor for cervical cancer patients.\Question: Is uRG4 overexpression correlated with cervical cancer progression and poor prognosis in patients with early-stage cervical cancer?
Example Output: Our results demonstrated that elevated URG4 protein expression is associated with a poor outcome in patients with early-stage cervical cancer. URG4 may be a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target for the treatment of cervical cancer.

Example Input: Context: Substaging of T1 bladder tumors into T1a and T1b based on invasion of the tumor superficial to and beyond the muscularis mucosa has been assigned prognostic significance. We determined whether outcomes after intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) differ between stage T1a and T1b subcategories.', 'Retrospective pathological evaluation of the initial transurethral resection specimens of stage T1 bladder tumors was performed by 2 pathologists. Grade 1, 2 or 3 and stage T1a or T1b were assigned to each case. Followup was from the date of transurethral resection to date of death or the last visit. Kaplan-Meier probability and log rank test were used to evaluate recurrence and progression.', 'Substaging was performed in 49 of the 55 patients (89%) with stage T1 disease. Disease was stage T1a in 32 (65%), stage T1b in 17 (35%), grade 3 in 45 (92%) and grade 2 in 4 (8%) cases. Maximum followup was 147 months (median 71) and 28 cases had a minimum of 5 years of followup. Recurrence was noted in 33 cases (67.3%), including 22 stage T1a (69%) and 11 stage T1b (65%), at a median followup of 11.3 and 8.6 months, respectively. Progression to a higher stage of disease was recorded in 12 cases (24.4%), including 7 (22%) stage T1a and 5 (29%) stage T1b, at a median followup of 108 and 120 months, respectively. The difference between T1a and T1b subcategories was not statistically significant in regard to recurrence-free (p = 0.7203) and progression-free (p = 0.574) outcomes.\Question: Are outcomes after intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin affected by substaging of high grade T1 transitional cell carcinoma?
Example Output:
Substaging of T1 tumors did not affect response to BCG in regard to recurrence or progression. Therefore, intravesical BCG is effective for stages T1a and T1b disease.