[Q]: I can use this background: The Hawaiian Islands ( Figure above ) are in the central Pacific Ocean. The islands are volcanoes that increase in age from southeast to northwest. The youngest island is the Big Island of Hawaii at the southeast end of the chain. The volcanoes get older through Maui, Kahoolawe, Lanai, Molokai, Oahu, Kauai, and Niihau Islands through the northwest. The Kilauea volcano on Hawaii has been erupting almost continuously since 1983. There are also eruptions at an underwater volcano called Loih Now, I have a new situation: Tom and Brad were good friends but lived far away from each other. Tom lived in Hawaii so he visited all the islands and the volcanoes frequently. Brad lived on the East Coast, and he never visited The Hawaiian Islands. Answer this question please: Which friend lived farther from the Big Island of Hawaii?
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[A]: Brad

[Q]: I can use this background: Unfortunately, the layer of good ozone is being destroyed by air pollution. The chief culprits are chlorine and bromine gases. They are released in aerosol sprays, coolants, and other products. Loss of ozone has created an ozone hole over Antarctica. Ozone depletion results in higher levels of UV radiation reaching Earth. In humans, this increases skin cancers and eye cataracts. It also disturbs the nitrogen cycle, kills plankton, and disrupts ocean food webs. The total loss of the ozone layer would be devastating to most life. It's rate of loss has slowed with restrictions on pollutants, but it is still at risk. Now, I have a new situation: Bend city used a lot of fossil fuels to generate electricity. Hop city, another city from the same county, used only alternative sources of energy. Answer this question please: Which city caused fewer eye cataracts?
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[A]: Hop

[Q]: I can use this background: Some fungi take on different shapes, depending on their environmental conditions. These fungi are called dimorphic fungi , because they have "two forms." For example, the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum , which causes the disease histoplasmosis, is thermally dimorphic; it has two forms that are dependent on temperature. In temperatures of about 25C, it grows as a brownish mycelium, and looks like a mass of threads. At body temperature (37C in humans), it grows as single, round yeast cells. Now, I have a new situation: Two mycologists were studying fungi. Max studied regular fungi, while Red studied dimorphic fungi. They were both fascinated by their findings. Answer this question please: Which person learned more about fungi that cause histoplasmosis?
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[A]: Red

[Q]: I can use this background: Clouds on Earth are made of water vapor. Venus's clouds are a lot less pleasant. They are made of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and large amounts of corrosive sulfuric acid! The atmosphere of Venus is so thick that the pressure on the surface of Venus is very high. In fact, it is 90 times greater than the pressure at Earth's surface! The thick atmosphere causes a strong greenhouse effect. As a result, Venus is the hottest planet. Even though it is farther from the Sun, Venus is much hotter even than Mercury. Temperatures at the surface reach 465C (860F). That's hot enough to melt lead! Now, I have a new situation: Brad and Joe studied atmospheric conditions on different planets of our solar system. Joe studied about Earth, while Brad studied more about Venus. Answer this question please: Which person learned about the planet with a thinner atmosphere?
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[A]:
Joe