Question: Information: - Old Norse was a North Germanic language that was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and inhabitants of their overseas settlements during about the 9th to 13th centuries. - Iona is a small island in the Inner Hebrides off the Ross of Mull on the western coast of Scotland. It was a centre of Gaelic monasticism for four centuries and is today renowned for its tranquility and natural beauty. It is a popular tourist destination and a place for retreats. Its modern Gaelic name means "Iona of (Saint) Columba" (formerly anglicised "Icolmkill"). - Mael Coluim mac Alaxandair was an illegitimate son of Alexander I of Scotland was an unsuccessful pretender to the Scottish throne. (This is the medieval Gaelic version of his name, in modern Gaelic he would be "Mael Coluim mac Alasdair", and in English he would be "Malcolm son of Alexander".) He is a relatively obscure figure owing primarily to the scarcity of source material, appearing only in pro-David English sources, which label him a "bastard". - The Kingdom of the Isles comprised the Hebrides, the islands of the Firth of Clyde and the Isle of Man from the 9th to the 13th centuries AD. The islands were known to the Norse as the "Sureyjar", or "Southern Isles" as distinct from the "Norreyjar" or Northern Isles of Orkney and Shetland. The historical record is incomplete, and the kingdom was not a continuous entity throughout the entire period. The islands concerned are sometimes referred to as the Kingdom of Mann and the Isles, although only some of the later rulers claimed that title. At times the rulers were independent of external control, although for much of the period they had overlords in Norway, Ireland, England, Scotland or Orkney. At times there also appear to have been competing claims for all or parts of the territory. The islands involved have a total land area of over and extend for more than from north to south. - Alexander I (medieval Gaelic: "Alaxandair mac Mail Coluim"; modern Gaelic: "Alasdair mac Mhaol Chaluim"; c. 1078 23 April 1124), posthumously nicknamed The Fierce, was the King of Scotland from 1107 to his death. - Scotland (Scots: ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain. It shares a border with England to the south, and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to the east and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the south-west. In addition to the mainland, the country is made up of more than 790 islands, including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides. - Malcolm IV (Mediaeval Gaelic: "Mael Coluim mac Eanric"; Modern Gaelic: "Maol Chaluim mac Eanraig"), nicknamed Virgo, "the Maiden" (between 23 April and 24 May 11419 December 1165), King of Scots, was the eldest son of Henry, Earl of Huntingdon and Northumbria (died 1152) and Ada de Warenne. The original Malcolm Canmore, a name now associated with his great-grandfather Malcolm III (Mael Coluim mac Donnchada), he succeeded his grandfather David I, and shared David's Anglo-Norman tastes. - The Iona Nunnery was an Augustinian convent located on the island of Iona in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland . It was established sometime after the foundation of the nearby Benedictine monastery in 1203 . Bethoc , daughter of Somerled , was first prioress . The ruins of the nunnery stand in a peaceful garden adjacent to Iona 's main ( and only ) village , Baile Mor . They form the most complete remains of a medieval nunnery extant in Scotland . After the Reformation , the priory was dissolved and reduced to rubble . - The Hebrides (Scottish Gaelic: "Innse Gall"; Old Norse: "Sureyjar") comprise a widespread and diverse archipelago off the west coast of mainland Scotland. There are two main groups: the Inner and Outer Hebrides. These islands have a long history of occupation dating back to the Mesolithic, and the culture of the residents has been affected by the successive influences of Celtic, Norse, and English-speaking peoples. This diversity is reflected in the names given to the islands, which are derived from the languages that have been spoken there in historic and perhaps prehistoric times. - The Inner Hebrides (Scottish Gaelic: "Na h-Eileanan a-staigh", "the inner isles") is an archipelago off the west coast of mainland Scotland, to the south east of the Outer Hebrides. Together these two island chains form the Hebrides, which experience a mild oceanic climate. The Inner Hebrides comprise 35 inhabited islands as well as 44 uninhabited islands with an area greater than . The main commercial activities are tourism, crofting, fishing and whisky distilling. In modern times the Inner Hebrides have formed part of two separate local government jurisdictions, one to the north and the other to the south. Together, the islands have an area of about , and had a population of 18,948 in 2011. The population density is therefore about 4.6 per km (12 per square mile). - David I or Dauid mac Mail Choluim (Modern: "Daibhidh I mac [Mhaoil] Chaluim"; 24 May 1153) was a 12th-century ruler who was Prince of the Cumbrians (11131124) and later King of the Scots (11241153). The youngest son of Mael Coluim III (Malcolm III) and Margaret of Wessex, David spent most of his childhood in Scotland, but was exiled to England temporarily in 1093. Perhaps after 1100, he became a dependent at the court of King Henry I. There he was influenced by the Norman and Anglo-French culture of the court. - An archipelago, sometimes called an island group or island chain, is a chain, cluster or collection of islands. The word "archipelago" is derived from the Greek "- arkhi-" ("chief") and " pelagos" ("sea") through the Italian "arcipelago". In Italian, possibly following a tradition of antiquity, the Archipelago (from medieval Greek "*" and Latin "archipelagus") was the proper name for the Aegean Sea and, later, usage shifted to refer to the Aegean Islands (since the sea is remarkable for its large number of islands). It is now used to refer to any island group or, sometimes, to a sea containing a small number of scattered islands. - The Outer Hebrides, also known as the Western Isles (Scottish Gaelic: ' or ' ), "Innse Gall" ("islands of the strangers") or the Long Isle or Long Island (Gaelic: "An t-Eilean Fada"), is an island chain off the west coast of mainland Scotland. The islands are geographically coextensive with Comhairle nan Eilean Siar, one of the 32 unitary council areas of Scotland. They form part of the Hebrides, separated from the Scottish mainland and from the Inner Hebrides by the waters of the Minch, the Little Minch and the Sea of the Hebrides. Scottish Gaelic is the predominant spoken language, although in a few areas English speakers form a majority. - Somerled (died 1164), known in Middle Irish as Somairle, Somhairle, and Somhairlidh, and in Old Norse as Sumarlii, was a mid-12th-century warlord who, through marital alliance and military conquest, rose in prominence and seized control of the Kingdom of the Isles. Little is certain of Somerled's origins, although he appears to have belonged to a NorseGaelic family of some substance. His father, GilleBride, appears to have conducted a marriage alliance with Mael Coluim mac Alaxandair, son of Alexander I of Scotland, and claimant to the Scottish throne. Following a period of dependence upon David I of Scotland, Somerled first appears on record in 1153, when he supported kinsmen, identified as the sons of Malcolm, in their insurgence against the newly enthroned Malcolm IV of Scotland. Following this unsuccessful uprising, Somerled appears to have turned his sights upon the kingship of the Isles, then ruled by his brother-in-law, Godred Olafsson. Taking advantage of the latter's faltering authority, Somerled participated in a violent coup d'etat, and seized half of the kingdom in 1156. Two years later, he defeated and drove Godred from power, and Somerled ruled the entire kingdom until his death. - Saint Columba ('church dove'; 7 December 521 9 June 597) was an Irish abbot and missionary credited with spreading Christianity in what is today Scotland at the start of the Hiberno-Scottish mission. He founded the important abbey on Iona, which became a dominant religious and political institution in the region for centuries. He is the Patron Saint of Derry. He was highly regarded by both the Gaels of Dal Riata and the Picts, and is remembered today as a Christian saint and one of the Twelve Apostles of Ireland. - The Ross of Mull (Scottish Gaelic: "An Ros Mhuileach") is the largest peninsula of the island of Mull, about long, and makes up the south-western part of the island. It is bounded to the north by Loch Scridain and to the south by the Firth of Lorne. The main villages are Bunessan and Fionnphort, with smaller settlements including Ardtun, Camas, Carsaig, Knockan, Pennyghael and Uisken. Knocknafenaig, Suidhe, and Shiaba are three of the many cleared settlements on the Ross. - An oceanic climate (also known as marine, west coast and maritime) is the climate typical of west coasts in higher middle latitudes of continents, and generally features cool summers (relative to their latitude) and cool but not cold winters, with a relatively narrow annual temperature range and few extremes of temperature, with the exception for transitional areas to continental and subarctic climates. Oceanic climates are defined as having a monthly mean temperature below in the warmest month, and above in the coldest month. - Scottish Gaelic or Scots Gaelic, sometimes also referred to as Gaelic (" ), is a Celtic language native to Scotland. A member of the Goidelic branch of the Celtic languages, Scottish Gaelic, like Modern Irish and Manx, developed out of Middle Irish. - Middle Irish (sometimes called Middle Gaelic) is the Goidelic language which was spoken in Ireland, most of Scotland and the Isle of Man from the 10th to 12th centuries; it is therefore a contemporary of late Old English and early Middle English. The modern Goidelic languagesIrish, Scottish Gaelic and Manxare all descendants of Middle Irish. After reading the paragraphs above, choose the best answer for the entity that related to 'iona nunnery' with the relationship of 'instance of'. Choices: - abbey - addition - april - archipelago - area - century - chain - channel - church - climate - cluster - collection - conquest - country - culture - death - december - destination - earl - england - firth - government - group - island - island group - label - language - law - loch - may - member - name - number - occupation - patron saint - period - population - range - region - rose - saint - scottish - sea - square - temperature - three - title - tourism - tradition
Answer:
abbey