In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.

[EX Q]: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Mercury Reduction and Energy
Security Act of 2010''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND PURPOSE.

(a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
(1) The Environmental Protection Agency (''EPA'') was
required by the terms of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990
and a 1998 consent agreement to determine whether regulation of
mercury from electric utility steam generating units under
section 112 of the Clean Air Act was appropriate and necessary.
(2) In a December 2000, regulatory finding, the EPA
concluded that regulation of mercury from electric utility
steam generating units was appropriate and necessary.
(3) In 2005, the EPA withdrew its 2000 regulatory finding
in favor of a national cap-and-trade system for mercury
emissions from electric utility steam generating units, the
Clean Air Mercury Rule (''CAMR'').
(4) CAMR was subsequently challenged in petitions for
review filed by 17 States.
(5) The United States Court of Appeals for the District of
Columbia Circuit vacated the rule on February 8, 2008, finding
that once the EPA had listed electric utility steam generating
units as a source of hazardous air pollutants, it was required
by law to proceed with Maximum Achievable Control Technology
(''MACT'') regulations under section 112 of the Clean Air Act
unless it delisted the source category, under procedures set
forth in section 112(c)(9).
(6) Mercury control technologies for coal-fired electric
utility steam generating units have advanced rapidly in the
last few years.
(b) Purpose.--The purpose of this Act is to protect public health
and welfare, and the environment, through mercury emission reductions
from electric utility steam generating units.

SEC. 3. MERCURY EMISSION REDUCTIONS.

The Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.) is amended by adding at
the end the following new title:

''TITLE VII--MERCURY REDUCTIONS

''SEC. 701. DEFINITIONS.

''In this title:
''(1) Affected unit.--The term 'affected unit' means a
coal-fired electric steam generating unit (including a
cogeneration unit) that--
''(A) has a nameplate capacity greater than 25
megawatts; and
''(B) generates electricity for sale.
''(2) Cogeneration unit.--The term 'cogeneration unit'
means a stationary, coal-fired boiler or a stationary, coal-
fired combustion turbine having equipment used to produce
electricity and useful thermal energy for industrial,
commercial, heating, or cooling purposes through the sequential
use of energy that produces during the 12-month period starting
on the date the unit first produces electricity and during any
calendar year after which the unit first produces electricity--
''(A) for a topping-cycle cogeneration unit--
''(i) useful thermal energy not less than 5
percent of total energy output; and
''(ii) useful power that, when added to
one-half of useful thermal energy produced, is
not less than--
''(I) 42.5 percent of total energy
input if useful thermal energy produced
is 15 percent or more of total energy
output; or
''(II) 45 percent of total energy
input if useful thermal energy produced
is less than 15 percent of total energy
output; and
''(B) for a bottoming-cycle cogeneration unit,
useful power not less than 45 percent of total energy
input.
''(3) Inlet mercury.--The term 'inlet mercury' means the
quantity of mercury found--
''(A) in the as-fired coal used by an affected
unit; or
''(B) for an affected unit using coal that is
subjected to an advanced coal cleaning technology, in
the as-mined coal used by the affected unit.

''SEC. 702. MERCURY REDUCTION PROGRAM.

''(a) Annual Limitation for Affected Units.--Except as provided in
subsection (f), an affected unit in operation before or after the date
of enactment of this title shall be subject to the following emission
limitations on an annual average calendar year basis with respect to
mercury:
''(1) Calendar years 2012 through 2014.--For the period
beginning on January 1, 2012, and ending on December 31, 2014,
the less stringent limitation of the following (calculated on a
one-year rolling average):
''(A) 80 percent capture of inlet mercury.
''(B) An emission rate of 1.60 pounds of mercury
per trillion British thermal units of input coal.
''(2) Calendar year 2015 and thereafter.--For calendar year
2015 and each calendar year thereafter, the less stringent
limitation of the following (calculated on a one-year rolling
average):
''(A) 90 percent capture of inlet mercury.
''(B) An emission rate of 0.80 pounds of mercury
per trillion British thermal units of input coal.
''(b) Averaging Across Units Within a Facility or State.--(1) An
owner or operator of more than one affected unit at a single facility
may demonstrate compliance with the applicable annual average emission
limitations under subsection (a) by averaging emissions from all
affected units at that facility, weighted by total input coal British
thermal units.
''(2) An owner or operator of more than one affected unit or units
within a State may demonstrate compliance with the applicable annual
average emission limitations under subsection (a) by averaging
emissions from all affected units owned or operated by that owner or
operator within such State, weighted by total input coal British
thermal units, if all affected units are owned or operated by the same
entity.
''(3) If an affected unit is owned or operated by more than one
entity, the State in which the affected unit is located shall allocate
to each such owner or operator an appropriate portion of the generation
from the affected unit for purposes of averaging emissions pursuant to
paragraph (1) or (2).
''(c) Reference Methods for Measuring Mercury Emissions.--(1) The
owner or operator of an affected unit shall use any of the following
methods as a reference method to calibrate the instruments used to
measure the mercury concentration in emissions from affected units:
''(A) ASTM D6784-02, 'Standard Test Method for
Elemental, Oxidized, Particle-Bound and Total Mercury
in Flue Gas Generated from Coal-Fired Stationary
Sources' (Ontario Hydro Method).
''(B) 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Appendix A-8, Method 29,
'Determination of Metals Emissions from Stationary
Sources'.
''(C) 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Appendix A-8, Method 30A,
'Determination of Total Vapor Phase Mercury Emissions
from Stationary Sources (Instrumental Analyzer
Procedure)'.
''(D) 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Appendix A-8, Method 30B,
'Determination of Total Vapor Phase Mercury Emissions
from Coal-Fired Combustion Sources Using Carbon Sorbent
Traps'.
''(2) The Administrator may revise or supplement the list of
permitted methods set forth in paragraph (1) to reflect improvements or
other developments in the measurement of mercury emissions from coal-
fired electric steam generating units.
''(d) Monitoring System.--(1) The owner or operator of an affected
unit shall install and operate a continuous emissions monitoring system
(CEMS) to measure the quantity of mercury that is emitted from each
affected unit.
''(2) For purposes of complying with paragraph (1), the owner or
operator of an affected unit may use--
''(A) any CEMS that meets the requirements in Performance
Specification 12A (PS-12A), 'Specifications and Test Procedures
for Total Vapor-Phase Mercury Continuous Monitoring Systems in
Stationary Sources';
''(B) a mercury concentration CEMS that meets the
requirements of 40 C.F.R. Part 75; or
''(C) a sorbent trap monitoring system that meets the
requirements of 40 C.F.R. 75.15 and 40 C.F.R. Part 75, Appendix
K, 'Quality Assurance and Operating Procedures for Sorbent Trap
Monitoring Systems';
''(3) The Administrator may revise or supplement the list
of permitted monitoring systems set forth in paragraph (2) to
reflect improvements or other developments in mercury emissions
reduction technologies and mercury emissions monitoring
systems.
''(e) Excess Emissions.--(1) Except as provided in subsection (f),
the owner or operator of an affected unit that emits mercury in excess
of the applicable annual average emission limitation under subsection
(a) shall pay an excess emissions penalty determined under paragraph
(2).
''(2) The excess emissions penalty for mercury shall be an amount
equal to $50,000 for each pound of mercury emitted in excess of the
applicable annual average emission limitation under subsection (a).
Such penalty shall be prorated for each fraction of a pound.
''(f) Best Practices.--(1) Effective, January 1, 2015, if the owner
or operator of any affected unit fails to achieve the annual average
emission limitation under subsection (a)(2), such owner or operator may
notify the Administrator of such failure prior to March 1, 2015, and
request an alternate emissions limitation for mercury with respect to
such affected unit. Such owner or operator shall submit to the
Administrator mercury emissions data measured by a CEMS that complies
with subsection (d) for evaluation. If the Administrator determines
that such owner or operator has properly installed and operated such
CEMS and control technology designed to achieve such annual average
emission limitation and is unable to meet such limitation, the
Administrator may, not later than April 1, 2016, establish an alternate
emissions limitation for mercury with respect to such affected unit
based on the optimal performance of properly installed and operated
control technology.
''(2) With respect to any affected unit, for any year for which an
alternate emissions limitation for mercury is in place for such
affected unit, the Administrator may review such alternate emissions
limitation and impose a more stringent emissions limitation for mercury
for the subsequent year based on new data regarding the demonstrated
control capabilities of the type of control technology installed and
operated at such affected unit.
''(3)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), an owner or
operator of an affected unit failing to achieve the annual average
emission limitation under subsection (a)(2) that notifies the
Administrator of such failure and requests and alternate emissions
limitation for mercury pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be considered in
compliance with this section (and not subject to any excess emissions
penalty) for the period beginning on January 1, 2015, and ending on the
date such an alternate emissions limitation is implemented.
''(B) An owner or operator described in subparagraph (A) shall pay
an excess emissions penalty, as determined under subsection (e)(2), for
the period described in such subparagraph, if such owner or operator
operates or maintains the affected unit, including any associated air
pollution control equipment, in a manner that is inconsistent with good
air pollution control practices for the minimization of mercury
emissions, as determined by the Administrator. In determining whether
the owner or operator of the affected unit operates and maintains the
affected unit in a manner that is consistent with good air pollution
control practices for the minimization of mercury emissions, the
Administrator may review the emissions monitoring data and operating
and maintenance procedures of the affected unit and may inspect the
affected unit.
''(4)(A) With respect to any affected unit for which an alternate
emissions limitation for mercury is in place under this subsection, the
owner or operator of such affected unit that emits mercury in excess of
such alternate emissions limitation shall pay an excess emissions
penalty determined under subparagraph (B).
''(B) The excess emissions penalty for mercury for an owner or
operator of an affected unit described in subparagraph (A) shall be an
amount equal to $50,000 for each pound of mercury emitted in excess of
the alternate emissions limitation for mercury in place for such
affected unit. Such penalty shall be prorated for each fraction of a
pound.
''(g) Sole Limitation on Mercury.--This title shall apply the sole
emission standard or limitation under this Act with regard to the
emission of mercury from electric utility steam generating units and
shall supersede any other such requirement under section 112 or any
other provision of this Act.
''(h) Relationship to Other Law.--Except as otherwise specifically
provided in this title, nothing in this title precludes a State or
political subdivision of a State from adopting or enforcing any
additional requirements for the control or abatement of mercury
emissions, except that no State or political subdivision thereof shall
adopt or attempt to enforce any standard relating to the reduction or
control of mercury emissions from electric utility steam generating
units that is less stringent than the standards provided in this
title.''.
[EX A]: Mercury Reduction and Energy Security Act of 2010 - Amends the Clean Air Act to require affected units (coal-fired electric steam generating units that have nameplate capacities greater than 25 megawatts and generate electricity for sale) to reduce mercury emissions by the less stringent limitation of: (1) 80% capture of inlet mercury or an emission rate of 1.6 pounds of mercury per trillion British thermal units (Btu) of input coal for the period beginning on January 1, 2012, and ending December 31, 2014; and (2) 90% capture of inlet mercury or an emission rate of 0.8 pounds of mercury per trillion Btu of input coal by 2015 and each year thereafter.

Specifies methods that owners or operators of affected units are required to use as reference methods in calibrating the instruments used to measure the mercury concentrations in emissions from affected units.

Establishes excess emissions penalties for mercury. Sets forth compliance provisions.

Authorizes: (1) owners or operators of affected units that fail to achieve such limitations to request an alternate emission limitation; (2) the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to establish alternate limitations if the Administrator determines that the owner or operator has properly installed and operated continuous emissions monitoring system and control technology designed to achieve such limitations and is unable to achieve such limitations; and (3) the Administrator, after granting alternate limitations, to impose more stringent emissions limitations in subsequent years. Makes such alternate limitations effective January 1, 2015.

Provides that this Act supersedes any other requirement in such Act with regard to the emission of mercury from electric utility steam generating units.

[EX Q]: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Broadband Opportunity and
Affordability Act''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

The Congress finds the following:
(1) The adoption of broadband service results in enhanced
economic development and public safety for communities across
the Nation, improved health care and educational opportunities,
and a better quality of life for all Americans.
(2) Continued progress in the adoption of broadband service
is vital to ensuring that the United States remains competitive
and continues to create business opportunities and job growth.
(3) The price of broadband service is a barrier to adoption
for low-income households and can be an impediment to full
participation in the emerging broadband economy.

SEC. 3. PILOT PROGRAM TO EXPAND LIFELINE PROGRAM TO INCLUDE BROADBAND
SERVICE.

Section 254(j) of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 254(j))
is amended to read as follows:
''(j) Lifeline Assistance.--
''(1) Impact of section on lifeline assistance program.--
Except as provided in paragraph (2), nothing in this section
shall affect the collection, distribution, or administration of
the Lifeline program.
''(2) Pilot program to expand lifeline program to include
broadband service.--As soon as practicable after the date of
enactment of the Broadband Opportunity and Affordability Act,
the Commission shall implement a 2-year pilot program to expand
the Lifeline program to reduce the cost of broadband service
for low-income consumers that will--
''(A) apply to such broadband service as the
Commission may determine to be appropriate for purposes
of the pilot program;
''(B) provide such levels of support as the
Commission may determine to be appropriate for such
purposes;
''(C) be available to such consumers as the
Commission may determine to be appropriate for such
purposes under such eligibility criteria as the
Commission may determine to be appropriate for such
purposes; and
''(D) reimburse broadband service providers for
each customer served, subject to prior authorization
from the Commission to participate in the pilot
program.
''(3) Criteria for pilot program.--In developing the pilot
program required by paragraph (2), the Commission shall
consider--
''(A) whether State matching funds must be provided
as a condition of eligibility for low-income households
within a State;
''(B) the prevailing market rate for broadband
service and the prevailing speed of broadband service
adopted by households, using information that the
Commission routinely collects or that is publicly
available; and
''(C) how to ensure that the program is neutral as
to the types of technology used to provide broadband
service in order to promote competition from broadband
service providers to qualify for participation in the
pilot program.
''(4) Status report.--After the pilot program has been
operational for 18 months, the Commission shall submit a report
to the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and
Transportation and the House of Representatives Committee on
Energy and Commerce on the status of the pilot program.
''(5) Lifeline program defined.--In this subsection, the
term 'Lifeline program' means the service described in section
54.401(a) of the Commission's regulations (47 C.F.R.
54.401(a)).''.

SEC. 4. EXPANSION OF LINK UP PROGRAM REPORT.

(a) In General.--Within 180 days after the date of enactment of
this Act, the Federal Communications Commission shall initiate a notice
of inquiry with public notice and opportunity for comment, to
determine--
(1) whether the Link Up program could be expanded to reduce
the cost of initiating broadband service through providing
support for computer ownership;
(2) what equipment would be supported by such an expansion;
(3) how much support would be available with such an
expansion; and
(4) the eligibility criteria for consumers to qualify for
such an expansion.
(b) Report.--The Commission shall submit a report to the Senate
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and the House of
Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce containing the
Commission's findings, conclusions, and recommendations from the
inquiry.
(c) Link Up Program Defined.--In this section, the term ''Link Up
program'' means the service described in section 54.411(a) of the
Commission's regulations (47 U.S.C. 54.411(a)).
[EX A]: Broadband Opportunity and Affordability Act - Amends the Communications Act of 1934 to require the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to implement a two-year pilot program to expand the Lifeline program to reduce the cost of broadband service for low-income consumers.

[EX Q]: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Civil Rights Act of 1997''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND PURPOSE.

(a) Findings.--Congress finds that--
(1) the fifth and fourteenth amendments to the Constitution
guarantee that all individuals are entitled to equal protection
of the laws, regardless of race, color, national origin, or
sex;
(2) the Supreme Court, in Adarand Constructors, Inc. v.
Pena, 515 U.S. 200 (1995), recently affirmed that this
guarantee of equality applies to Federal actions;
(3) the Federal Government currently conducts over 150
programs, including contracting programs, that grant
preferences based on race, color, national origin, or sex; and
(4) the Federal Government also grants preferences in
employment based on race, color, national origin, or sex.
(b) Purpose.--The purpose of this Act is to provide for equal
protection of the laws and to prohibit discrimination and preferential
treatment in the Federal Government on the basis of race, color,
national origin, or sex.

SEC. 3. PROHIBITION AGAINST DISCRIMINATION AND PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT.

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, neither the Federal
Government nor any officer, employee, or agent of the Federal
Government shall--
(1) intentionally discriminate against, or grant a
preference to, any person or group based in whole or in part on
race, color, national origin, or sex, in connection with--
(A) a Federal contract or subcontract;
(B) Federal employment; or
(C) any other federally conducted program or
activity; or
(2) require or encourage a Federal contractor or
subcontractor, or the recipient of a license or financial
assistance, to discriminate intentionally against, or grant a
preference to, any person or group based in whole or in part on
race, color, national origin, or sex, in connection with any
Federal contract or subcontract or Federal license or financial
assistance.

SEC. 4. AFFIRMATIVE ACTION PERMITTED.

This Act does not prohibit or limit any effort by the Federal
Government or any officer, employee, or agent of the Federal
Government--
(1) to encourage businesses owned by women and minorities
to bid for Federal contracts or subcontracts, to recruit
qualified women and minorities into an applicant pool for
Federal employment, or to encourage participation by qualified
women and minorities in any other federally conducted program
or activity, if such recruitment or encouragement does not
involve granting a preference, based in whole or in part on
race, color, national origin, or sex, in selecting any person
for the relevant employment, contract or subcontract, benefit,
opportunity, or program; or
(2) to require or encourage any Federal contractor,
subcontractor, or recipient of a Federal license or Federal
financial assistance to recruit qualified women and minorities
into an applicant pool for employment, or to encourage
businesses owned by women and minorities to bid for Federal
contracts or subcontracts, if such requirement or encouragement
does not involve granting a preference, based in whole or in
part on race, color, national origin, or sex, in selecting any
individual for the relevant employment, contract or
subcontract, benefit, opportunity, or program.

SEC. 5. CONSTRUCTION.

(a) Historically Black Colleges and Universities.--Nothing in this
Act shall be construed to prohibit or limit any act that is designed to
benefit an institution that is an historically Black college or
university on the basis that the institution is an historically Black
college or university.
(b) Indian Tribes.--This Act does not prohibit any action taken--
(1) pursuant to a law enacted under the constitutional
powers of Congress relating to the Indian tribes; or
(2) under a treaty between an Indian tribe and the United
States.
(c) Certain Sex-Based Classifications.--This Act does not prohibit
or limit any classification based on sex if--
(1) the classification is applied with respect to
employment and the classification would be exempt from the
prohibitions of title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 by
reason of section 703(e)(1) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 2000e-
2(e)(1)); or
(2) the classification is applied with respect to a member
of the Armed Forces pursuant to statute, direction of the
President or Secretary of Defense, or Department of Defense
policy.
(d) Immigration and Nationality Laws.--This Act does not affect any
law governing immigration or nationality, or the administration of any
such law.

SEC. 6. COMPLIANCE REVIEW OF POLICIES AND REGULATIONS.

Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the
head of each department or agency of the Federal Government, in
consultation with the Attorney General, shall review all existing
policies and regulations that such department or agency head is charged
with administering, modify such policies and regulations to conform to
the requirements of this Act, and report to the Committee on the
Judiciary of the House of Representatives and the Committee on the
Judiciary of the Senate the results of the review and any modifications
to the policies and regulations.

SEC. 7. REMEDIES.

(a) In General.--Any person aggrieved by a violation of section 3
may, in a civil action, obtain appropriate relief (which may include
back pay). A prevailing plaintiff in a civil action under this section
shall be awarded a reasonable attorney's fee as part of the costs.
(b) Construction.--This section does not affect any remedy
available under any other law.

SEC. 8. EFFECT ON PENDING MATTERS.

(a) Pending Cases.--This Act does not affect any case pending on
the date of enactment of this Act.
(b) Pending Contracts and Subcontracts.--This Act does not affect
any contract or subcontract in effect on the date of enactment of this
Act, including any option exercised under such contract or subcontract
before or after such date of enactment.

SEC. 9. DEFINITIONS.

In this Act, the following definitions apply:
(1) Federal government.--The term ''Federal Government''
means executive and legislative branches of the Government of
the United States.
(2) Preference.--The term ''preference'' means an advantage
of any kind, and includes a quota, set-aside, numerical goal,
timetable, or other numerical objective.
(3) Historically black college or university.--The term
''historically Black college or university'' means a part B
institution, as defined in section 322(2) of the Higher
Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1061(2)).
[EX A]:
Civil Rights Act of 1997 - Prohibits discrimination or preferences in Federal employment and contracting and other Federal programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, or sex. Prohibits requiring or encouraging any Federal contractor or subcontractor to so discriminate or grant a preference.
Declares that this Act does not prohibit or limit encouraging contract bidding, recruiting employees, encouraging participation in other programs or activities or requiring or encouraging Federal contractors, subcontractors, or recipients of Federal licenses or financial assistance to so recruit or encourage, if the recruiting or encouraging does not involve granting a preference. Prohibits construing this Act to prohibit or limit: (1) any act designed to benefit historically Black colleges or universities; or (2) any action under a Federal law or treaty relating to the Indian tribes. Declares that this Act does not prohibit or limit employment classifications based on sex if sex is a bona fide occupational qualification reasonably necessary to normal operation or the classification is applied regarding an armed forces member.
Allows any aggrieved person to obtain, in a civil action, appropriate relief (including back pay). Requires awarding a prevailing plaintiff attorney's fees as part of the costs.