Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Example Input: Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) heterogeneity promotes recurrence and resistance to therapies. Recent studies have reported that HCC may be derived not only from adult hepatocytes and hepatoblasts but also hepatic stem/progenitors. In this context, HepaRG cells may represent a suitable cellular model to study stem/progenitor cancer cells and the retrodifferentiation of tumor-derived hepatocyte-like cells. Indeed, they differentiate into hepatocyte- and biliary-like cells. Moreover, tumor-derived HepaRG hepatocyte-like cells (HepaRG-tdHep) differentiate into both hepatocyte- and biliary-like cells through a hepatic progenitor. In this study we report the mechanisms and molecular effectors involved in the retrodifferentiation of HepaRG-tdHep into bipotent progenitors. Gene expression profiling was used to identify genomic changes during the retrodifferentiation of HepaRG-tdHep into progenitors. We demonstrated that gene expression signatures related to a poor-prognosis HCC subclass, proliferative progenitors, or embryonic stem cells were significantly enriched in HepaRG progenitors derived from HepaRG-tdHep. HepaRG-tdHep retrodifferentiation is mediated by crosstalk between transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF1) and inflammatory cytokine pathways (e.g., tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF] and interleukin 6 [IL6]). Signatures related to TNF, IL6, and TGF activation pathways are induced within the first hour of retrodifferentiation. Moreover, specific activation or inhibition of these signaling pathways allowed us to determine that TNF and IL6 contribute to the loss of hepatic-specific marker expression and that TGF1 induces an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of HepaRG-tdHep. Interestingly, the retrodifferentiation process is blocked by the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A, opening new therapeutic opportunities.
Example Output: 0

Example Input: Little is known about endothelial function in adolescents with type 1 diabetes, and we evaluated endothelial dysfunction, using reactive hyperaemia peripheral arterial tonometry (RH-PAT).', 'This prospective, observational, 1-year study focused on 73 adolescents with type 1 diabetes, using multiple daily injections or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. The subjects were assessed using RH-PAT, body mass index, blood pressure, fasting lipid profile, glycated haemoglobin, insulin requirements and hours of physical exercise per week.', 'Endothelial dysfunction was observed in 56 patients (76.7%), with lower mean RH-PAT scores (1.260.22 versus 2.240.48, p<0.0001) and higher glycated haemoglobin values at baseline (8.271.24% versus 7.370.54%, p=0.006) and as a mean of the whole period since diagnosis (8.251.22% versus 7.720.82%, p=0.034). A higher percentage of patients with endothelial dysfunction showed abnormal cardiac autonomic tests (p=0.02) and were more sedentary, exercising <4 hours a week, than patients with normal endothelial function. After follow-up in 64/73 patients, we observed endothelial dysfunction in 81.8% of patients, despite a modest improvement in glycated haemoglobin.
Example Output: 1

Example Input: Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism is dependent on preoperative localization, commonly with ultrasound and sestamibi imaging. This study sought to determine if preoperative serum calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels correlate with localization sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV).', 'This is a retrospective analysis of a prospective database of 1,910 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism from 2002 to 2013, who had surgeon-performed ultrasound and/or sestamibi for preoperative localization. The sensitivity and PPV of ultrasound and sestamibi were analyzed by degree of preoperative serum calcium and parathyroid hormone level perturbation.', 'In 1,910 parathyroidectomy patients, ultrasound was localizing in 1,411 of 1,644 (86%) and sestamibi in 802 of 1,165 (69%) (p < 0.01). The PPV of ultrasound was 1,135 of 1,411 (80%) and sestamibi was 705 of 802 (88%) (p < 0.01). Using logistic regression analysis, there was statistically significant positive correlation between localization and preoperative serum calcium for both sestamibi (odds ratio [OR] 1.21 [95% CI 1.00 to 1.47; p<0.05]) and ultrasound (OR 1.29 [95% CI 1.03 to 1.60; p < 0.05]). There was a weak, but statistically significant positive correlation of PTH with sestamibi localization (OR 1.00 [95% CI 1.00 to 1.01; p < 0.05]). There was no statistically significant correlation between the PPV and serum calcium or PTH for either study. When patients were divided into quartiles of preoperative serum calcium and PTH levels, localization rates and PPV of both ultrasound and sestamibi increased with higher calcium and PTH levels. Surgeon-performed ultrasound had higher localization rates than sestamibi, with lower calcium and PTH values. Sestamibi demonstrated higher PPV values across all quartiles.
Example Output:
0