Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Chapter 11 1 Figure 11.9 Yes, it will be able to reproduce asexually. 2 C 4 D 6 C 8 C 10 C 12 B 14 During the meiotic interphase, each chromosome is duplicated. The sister chromatids that are formed during synthesis are held together at the centromere region by cohesin proteins. All chromosomes are attached to the nuclear envelope by their tips. As the cell enters prophase I, the nuclear envelope begins to fragment, and the proteins holding homologous chromosomes locate each other. The four sister chromatids align lengthwise, and a protein lattice called the synaptonemal complex is formed between them to bind them together. The synaptonemal complex facilitates crossover between non-sister chromatids, which is observed as chiasmata along the length of the chromosome. As prophase I progresses, the synaptonemal complex breaks down and the sister chromatids become free, except where they are attached by chiasmata. At this stage, the four chromatids are visible in each homologous pairing and are called a tetrad. 16 In metaphase I, the homologous chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate. In anaphase I, the homologous chromosomes are pulled apart and move to opposite poles. Sister chromatids are not separated until meiosis II. The fused kinetochore formed during meiosis I ensures that each spindle microtubule that binds to the tetrad will attach to both sister chromatids. 18 a. Crossover occurs in prophase I between non-sister homologous chromosomes. Segments of DNA are exchanged between maternally derived and paternally derived chromosomes, and new gene combinations are formed. Random alignment during metaphase I leads to gametes that have a mixture of maternal and paternal chromosomes. Fertilization is random, in that any two gametes can fuse. Q: During interphase of what process, each chromosome is duplicated, and the sister chromatids formed during synthesis are held together at the centromere region by cohesin proteins? A:
OPTIONS:
- mitosis
- apoptosis
- digestion
- meiosis
Answer: meiosis

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The chloroplasts contain a green pigment called chlorophyll, which captures the energy of sunlight for photosynthesis. Like plant cells, photosynthetic protists also have chloroplasts. Some bacteria also perform photosynthesis, but they do not have chloroplasts. Their photosynthetic pigments are located in the thylakoid membrane within the cell itself. Q: The chloroplasts contain a green pigment called what? A:
OPTIONS:
- chloroplasm
- sodium
- melanin
- chlorophyll
output: chlorophyll

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Plants also detect and respond to the daily cycle of light and darkness. For example, some plants open their leaves during the day to collect sunlight and then close their leaves at night to prevent water loss. Q: Some plants open their leaves during the day to collect what? A:

OPTIONS:
- moisture
- precipitation
- energy
- sunlight

A: sunlight

input: OPTIONS:
- mechanical waves
- fluid waves
- Sound waves.
- longitudinal waves Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Longitudinal waves cause the particles of medium to move parallel to the direction of the wave. Q: What causes the particles of medium to move parallel to the direction of the wave? A:
A:
output: longitudinal waves

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Traditionally, mammals were divided into groups based on their characteristics. Scientists took into consideration their anatomy (body structure), their habitats, and their feeding habits. Mammals are divided into three subclasses and about 26 orders. Some of the groups of mammals include:. Q: Traditionally, mammals were divided into groups based on what? A:

OPTIONS:
- their sizes
- their colors
- their behaviors
- their characteristics

Answer: their characteristics

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) are also important macronutrients. The role of calcium is twofold: to regulate nutrient transport, and to support many enzyme functions. Magnesium is important to the photosynthetic process. These minerals, along with the micronutrients, which are described below, also contribute to the plant's ionic balance. In addition to macronutrients, organisms require various elements in small amounts. These micronutrients, or trace elements, are present in very small quantities. They include boron (B), chlorine (Cl), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), silicon (Si), and sodium (Na). Deficiencies in any of these nutrientsparticularly the macronutrientscan adversely affect plant growth (Figure 31.4. Depending on the specific nutrient, a lack can cause stunted growth, slow growth, or chlorosis (yellowing of the leaves). Extreme deficiencies may result in leaves showing signs of cell death. Q: What process is magnesium important to? A:

OPTIONS:
- dna replication
- carbon cycle
- absorption
- photosynthetic

A:
photosynthetic