input: Make use of the article to answer the questions. Kindergarten (; from German , which literally means "garden for the children") is a preschool educational approach traditionally based on playing, singing, practical activities such as drawing, and social interaction as part of the transition from home to school. At first such institutions were created in the late 18th century in Bavaria and Strasbourg to serve children whose parents both worked out of the home. The term was coined by the German Friedrich Frobel, whose approach globally influenced early-years education. Today, the term is used in many countries to describe a variety of educational institutions and learning spaces for children ranging from two to seven years of age, based on a variety of teaching methods.

In 1779, Johann Friedrich Oberlin and Louise Scheppler founded in Strasbourg an early establishment for caring for and educating pre-school children whose parents were absent during the day. At about the same time, in 1780, similar infant establishments were established in Bavaria. In 1802, Princess Pauline zur Lippe established a preschool center in Detmold, the capital of the then principality of Lippe, Germany (now in the State of North Rhine-Westphalia).

In 1816, Robert Owen, a philosopher and pedagogue, opened the first British and probably globally the first infants school in New Lanark, Scotland. In conjunction with his venture for cooperative mills Owen wanted the children to be given a good moral education so that they would be fit for work. His system was successful in producing obedient children with basic literacy and numeracy. 1. what happened in 1802?
2. where?
3. which country was this?
4. what is the article about?
5. is this an English word?
6. then what?
7. what does it mean?
8. is it still being used today?
9. where?
10. when were kindergartens first made?
11. where?
12. what was their purpose then?
13. is that the same purpose today?
14. then what?
15. when was the first infant school?
16. where?
17. was this the first one globally?
18. was it the first anywhere?
19. where?
20. What was his goal?
numbered_answers: 1. Princess Pauline zur Lippe established a preschool
2. Detmold
3. Germany
4. Kindergarten
5. No
6. German
7. garden for the children
8. yes
9. in many countries
10. late 18th century
11. Bavaria and Strasbourg
12. to serve children whose parents both worked out of the home
13. no
14. it's a learning space for children ranging from two to seven years of age
15. 1816
16. New Lanark, Scotland
17. probably
18. yes
19. British
20. he wanted the children to be given a good moral education

input: Make use of the article to answer the questions. CHAPTER IX

THE SMITING OF AMON

That evening I sat ill at ease in my work-chamber in Seti's palace, making pretence to write, I who felt that great evils threatened my lord the Prince, and knew not what to do to turn them from him. The door opened, and old Pambasa the chamberlain appeared and addressed me by my new titles, saying that the Hebrew lady Merapi, who had been my nurse in sickness, wished to speak with me. Presently she came and stood before me.

"Scribe Ana," she said, "I have but just seen my uncle Jabez, who has come, or been sent, with a message to me," and she hesitated.

"Why was he sent, Lady? To bring you news of Laban?"

"Not so. Laban has fled away and none know where he is, and Jabez has only escaped much trouble as the uncle of a traitress by undertaking this mission."

"What is the mission?"

"To pray me, if I would save myself from death and the vengeance of God, to work upon the heart of his Highness, which I know not how to do----"

"Yet I think you might find means, Merapi."

"----save through you, his friend and counsellor," she went on, turning away her face. "Jabez has learned that it is in the mind of Pharaoh utterly to destroy the people of Israel."

"How does he know that, Merapi?"

"I cannot say, but I think all the Hebrews know. I knew it myself though none had told me. He has learned also that this cannot be done under the law of Egypt unless the Prince who is heir to the throne and of full age consents. Now I am come to pray you to pray the Prince not to consent." 1. What is the title of the chapter?
2. Where does the story open?
3. What is the author trying to do?
4. Who entered the room?
5. Who was she?
6. What did summons did she bring?
7. What was the new title of the woman summoned?
numbered_answers: 1. THE SMITING OF AMON
2. The work-chamber in Seti's palace
3. making pretence to write
4. Pambasa
5. The chamberlain
6. the Hebrew lady Merapi wished to speak with me.
7. Scribe Ana

input: Make use of the article to answer the questions. Perugia, Italy (CNN) -- A lawyer for Amanda Knox said Thursday the only option for the jury considering her murder appeal in Italy is to clear her of guilt.

Knox's lawyers gave their final arguments in Perugia Thursday in an effort to counter prosecutors' portrayal of her as a cunning "femme fatale."

Lawyer Carlo Dalla Vedova told the jury 'that the only possible decision to take is that of absolving Amanda Knox," as he wrapped up his closing argument.

He said the court had already seen "there is not trace of Amanda Knox in the room where murder took place."

Knox and her former boyfriend Raffaele Sollecito are fighting to overturn their 2009 convictions for the murder of Meredith Kercher, Knox's British housemate who was found with her throat slashed two years earlier.

The judge said there will be no ruling in the case until after defendant statements on Monday.

The second of Knox's lawyers to speak, Luciano Ghirga, said Knox was "very afraid but her heart is full of hope and she hopes to return to freedom."

Her "image was massacred" by the media and the attacks on her character started before the trial, he said, adding that he considered her as a daughter.

Concluding an emotional appearance, he appealed to the jury to put themselves in the shoes of Knox's family -- a counterpoise to the words of appeals court prosecutor Giancarlo Costagliola, who asked the jury to put themselves in the shoes of Kercher's family at the start of the closing arguments a week ago. 1. What was Amanda Knox accused of?
2. Who did she kill?
3. Did she know her?
4. How?
5. Was she said to have acted alone?
6. Who helped her?
7. Were they found guilty?
8. When?
9. What year was they murder?
10. Why was she in court Thursday?
11. Does she have a lawyer?
12. More than one?
13. Who are they?
14. What were they giving to the jury?
15. Do they care about her?
16. Where was the appeal happening?
17. Who is the prosecutor?
18. Who did the prosecutor ask the jury to consider?
19. Who did Ghirga ask them to consider?
20. How long did closing arguments take?
numbered_answers:
1. murder
2. Meredith Kercher
3. yes
4. they were housemates
5. no
6. Raffaele Sollecito
7. yes
8. 2009
9. 2007
10. for an appeal
11. yes
12. yes
13. Carlo Dalla Vedova and Luciano Ghirga
14. closing arguments
15. yes
16. Italy
17. Giancarlo Costagliola
18. Kercher's family
19. Knox's family
20. a week ago