Mulliken electronegativity is a slightly different way of measuring electronegativity than is used in the Pauling table above. To find Mulliken electronegativity for a certain atom, find that atom's first ionization energy. This is the energy required to make the atom discharge a single electron. This is something you'll probably have to look up in chemistry reference materials. This site has a good table you may want to use (scroll down to find it). As an example, let's say that we're trying to find the electronegativity of lithium (Li). In the table on the site above, we can see that its first ionization energy is 520 kJ/mol. This is a measure of the energy gained when an electron is added to an atom to form a negative ion. Again, this is something you'll need to look up in reference material. This site has resources you may want to browse. The electron affinity of lithium is 60 kJ mol-1. When you're using kJ/mol as units for your energies, the equation for Mulliken electronegativity is ENMulliken = (1.97103)(Ei+Eea) + 0.19. Plug your values into the equation and solve for ENMulliken. In our example, we would solve like this: ENMulliken = (1.97103)(Ei+Eea) + 0.19 ENMulliken = (1.97103)(520 + 60) + 0.19 ENMulliken = 1.143 + 0.19 = 1.333
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One-sentence summary -- Find the first ionization energy of your atom. Find the electron affinity of the atom. Solve the Mulliken electronegativity equation.

Q: This is particularly important if you have recently purchased and transported the calf. Once they are at your home, keep the routine consistent. Changes in routine may cause stress in calves, which leads to a higher likelihood of illness. If the stress is severe, your calf could develop serious medical conditions such as scours. Scours, unfortunately, can be deadly for a young calf. Immediately treat scours using fluid therapy, which entails giving the calf the water and electrolytes that it has lost as a result of the illness. Signs of scours include watery stool, appearing too weak to drink or stand and swaggering when they walk. To treat a calf with scours, try the following: Administer electrolytes through a feeder. 2 - 6 quarts of electrolytes may need to be administered on a daily basis, but should be given based on the size of the calf and the severity of the illness. Give them liquids through an IV. Fluids are administered using a catheter, which is placed directly into the jugular vein. You will need to contact a veterinarian to administer this form of treatment. Warm them up. Take preventative measures against the cold, including warm bedding and proper shelter from the elements so that the calf does not experience excessive cold stress in addition to it's existing condition. A comfortable temperature is anywhere from 50F to 85F. This environment helps to promote performance, while offering the least amount of stress for the calf. If the barn is drafty or if it's exceptionally cold, you may need to bring in a heat source for your calves. Similarly, you will need to keep their space cool, should temperatures rise. Consider other environmental factors such as humidity, wind-chill and moisture, which can affect the temperature in the calf's space.
A: Look for signs of stress. Watch for scouring. Keep your calves warm.

Article: What kind of stock? Whatever you want! Chicken, beef, and vegetable are all good it just depends on what you're pairing it with (chicken goes with chicken, etc.) and what your personal preferences are. As this recipe only makes 2-4 servings, you won't need a very large pot. However, you can easily double (or even triple) the recipe if need be. The more gravy you need to make, the bigger the pot you'll need.
Question: What is a summary of what this article is about?
Heat 1 cup of broth (stock) in a pot over medium heat.

Problem: Article: Put your fingers inside of the cut-out and gently pull the fabric to either side. Then, hold the collar in place and pull the bottom point of the v-neck down to roll in the edges of the fabric, hiding any jagged edges. When you're pulling the fabric, make sure you don't pull too hard and rip the shirt. If the fabric won't roll under, run the shirt through the washer and dryer to soften the fabric, making it easier to hide any edges.
Summary: Tug on the edges of the triangle gently to roll the edges.

Article: It's a blue app with a white "W" on it. To do so, first click the File tab, then click New Document. In Word 2016, you may instead click Blank Document on the right side of the page. On Mac, you'll first need to click New. It's in the top-left corner of the Word window. On Mac, click Word in the top-left corner of the menu bar. You'll find it near the bottom of the left-hand pane. On Mac, click Preferences near the bottom of the drop-down menu. This option is on the left side of the pop-up window. On Mac, you'll instead click View beneath the "Authoring and Proofing Tools" heading. It's in the "Main Tabs" pane on the right side of the window. On Mac, instead click the Show developer tab box that's beneath the "View" heading. If this box has a check mark in it, the Developer tab is already enabled. Doing so will save your changes and return you to your Word document.
Question: What is a summary of what this article is about?
Open Microsoft Word. Open a new document. Click File. Click Options. Click Customize Ribbon. Click the Developer check box. Click OK.