Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Input: Consider Input: Context: The checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) functions not only in genotoxic stresses but also in normal cell cycle progression, particularly in the initiation, progression and fidelity of unperturbed mitosis. In this study, we investigated the role of Chk1 in regulating the metaphase-anaphase transition in mammalian cells.', 'The mitotic progression was monitored by flow cytometry analysis. The levels of cyclin B1, Cdc20 and Mad2 were measured by Western blotting. Metaphase chromosome alignment and the subcellular localization of Cdc20 and Mad2 were analyzed by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy.', 'Cyclin B1 degradation and the metaphase-anaphase transition were severely blocked by Chk1 siRNA. Depletion of Chk1 induced chromosome alignment defect in metaphase cells. The kinetochore localization of Cdc20, Mad2 was disrupted in Chk1 depleted cells. Chk1 abrogation also dramatically reduced the protein expression levels of Cdc20 and Mad2.
Answer: These results strongly suggest that Chk1 is required for the metaphase-anaphase transition via regulating the subcellular localization and the expression of Cdc20 and Mad2.

Output: Is chk1 required for the metaphase-anaphase transition via regulating the expression and localization of Cdc20 and Mad2?

Input: Consider Input: Context: Cytotechnologists and pathologists often perform onsite evaluations of thyroid fine-needle aspirations (FNAs) to provide immediate feedback regarding whether adequate material has been obtained for cytologic diagnosis. The current study was designed to determine whether onsite adequacy assessment results in a significant decrease in nondiagnostic specimens between ultrasound (US)-guided FNAs of the thyroid and those performed by palpation alone.', 'A search was performed to identify in-house thyroid FNAs performed between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2003 that were obtained under US guidance or by palpation only. It was then recorded whether an onsite adequacy assessment was performed. The submitting physician and final diagnosis also were recorded for each case. Contingency tables were constructed and evaluated using chi-square analysis.', 'Of 1502 in-house thyroid FNAs included in the current study, 981 (65.3%) were performed under US guidance and 521 (34.7%) were performed with palpation alone. Onsite adequacy assessment of the aspirated material was performed in 323 cases (21.5%), whereas 1179 cases (78.5%) were performed without onsite evaluation. Of the 418 palpation-guided FNAs that were performed without adequacy assessment, 70 (16.7%) were reported to be nondiagnostic, whereas of the 103 palpation-guided FNAs with immediate evaluation, only 7 (6.8%) were determined to be inadequate for diagnosis. This difference was statistically significant (P < 0.025). Of 761 US-guided FNAs without immediate adequacy assessment, 54 (7.1%) were nondiagnostic, which was not statistically different from the nondiagnostic rate of 4.5% (10 of 220 cases) for US-guided FNAs with onsite evaluation. However, when these US-guided FNAs were divided further into 2 groups based on the experience of the radiologist performing the FNA, the nondiagnostic rate in the group of experienced radiologists was only 5.4% (or 32 of 592 US-guided FNAs), even though onsite evaluation was not performed. Among radiologists with less experience, adequacy assessment significantly reduced the nondiagnostic rate from 13.0% (22 of 169 FNAs without adequacy assessment) to 4.5% (10 of 220 FNAs with adequacy assessment) (P < 0.01).
Answer: The results of the current study demonstrate that onsite adequacy assessment of thyroid FNAs significantly reduces the number of nondiagnostic aspirates. However, the benefit of onsite evaluation, at least for US-guided FNAs, depends on the experience of the radiologist. In the current study, experienced radiologists with a relatively low nondiagnostic rate did not benefit from onsite adequacy assessment. This finding confirms the importance of experience in the performance of FNA, but suggests that onsite adequacy assessment may assist the less experienced operator.

Output: Is the value of onsite adequacy assessment of thyroid fine-needle aspirations a function of operator experience?

Input: Consider Input: Context: The administration of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors before surgery is regarded as an innovative option to manage postoperative pain. This study was designed to (1) examine the efficacy of preoperative cyclooxygenase-2 blockade on postoperative oral pain and (2) compare pain intensity with prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production and cyclooxygenase isoform (cyclooxygenase-1, cyclooxygenase-2) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression at the surgical site during the postoperative period.', 'Sixty patients with impacted lower third molars were randomly allocated to three single-dose treatment groups--placebo, 50 mg rofecoxib, or 550 mg naproxen--1 h before extraction. Pain intensity was evaluated with categorical and visual analog scales every 30 min from 90 to 240 min after surgery. At these times, PGE2 production in the alveolar socket was also evaluated. Cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA expression was examined by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction in gingival specimens collected during tooth removal and 240 min after surgery.', 'Pain intensity and PGE2 production in the placebo group increased throughout the observation period. Naproxen prevented pain and decreased PGE2 release at all time points. Rofecoxib reduced PGE2 production versus placebo from 150 min onward, while inducing analgesia through the whole observation period. mRNA assay in gingival specimens collected at tooth extraction revealed cyclooxygenase-1 expression, whereas cyclooxygenase 2 was undetectable. At the end of observation, cyclooxygenase-1 mRNA expression was unchanged, whereas cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA was significantly induced.
Answer: This study indicates that preoperative administration of a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor ensures effective control of postoperative pain. It is suggested that the selective blockade of inducible cyclooxygenase 2 at the surgical site does not entirely account for the analgesic action occurring in the postoperative period.
Output: Does cyclooxygenase-2 induction after oral surgery entirely account for analgesia after selective blockade of cyclooxygenase 2 in the preoperative period?