Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Input: Consider Input: Research has shown that hand gestures affect comprehension and production of speech at semantic, syntactic, and pragmatic levels for both native language and second language (L2). This study investigated a relatively less explored question: Do hand gestures influence auditory learning of an L2 at the segmental phonology level?', 'To examine auditory learning of phonemic vowel length contrasts in Japanese, 88 native English-speaking participants took an auditory test before and after one of the following 4 types of training in which they (a) observed an instructor in a video speaking Japanese words while she made syllabic-rhythm hand gesture, (b) produced this gesture with the instructor, (c) observed the instructor speaking those words and her moraic-rhythm hand gesture, or (d) produced the moraic-rhythm gesture with the instructor.', 'All of the training types yielded similar auditory improvement in identifying vowel length contrast. However, observing the syllabic-rhythm hand gesture yielded the most balanced improvement between word-initial and word-final vowels and between slow and fast speaking rates.

Output: Does effects of hand gestures on auditory learning of second-language vowel length contrast?

Input: Consider Input: Dual activation by TSH of the phospholipase C and cAMP cascades has been reported in human thyroid cells. In contrast, Singh et al. reported convincing data in FRTL-5 thyrocytes arguing against such an effect in this model. Their data in FRTL-5 cells indicated no increase in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3] in response to TSH. Therefore, the authors questioned results previously obtained on human cells by cruder methodology.', 'We investigated the formation of inositol phosphates by HPLC techniques in human thyroid slices to separate the inositol phosphate isomers.', 'Ins(1,4,5)P3, inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate, and inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate were increased after TSH stimulation. The effect of TSH in human thyroid cells was reproduced by recombinant TSH and prevented by antibodies blocking the TSH receptor. Thyroid-stimulating antibodies at concentrations eliciting a cAMP response equivalent to TSH failed to stimulate inositol phosphate generation.

Output: Does thyrotropin stimulate the generation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in human thyroid cells?

Input: Consider Input: Current clinical tools to identify lacunar infarct patients at risk of deterioration are inadequate, and imaging techniques to predict fluctuation and deterioration would be of value. We sought to determine the occurrence of MRI perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) abnormalities in lacunes, and whether they help predict clinical and radiological outcome.', 'Patients with lacunar stroke or TIA were selected from a prospective MR imaging study. MRI was performed within 24 h of the event and follow-up imaging completed at 30 or 90 days. Baseline perfusion maps were qualitatively assessed and infarct volumes measured. Early clinical deterioration (NIHSS worsening of > or = 3 points within 72 h of event) and 90-day modified Rankin Scale score (mRS) were recorded.', 'Twenty-two patients were included. Fifteen (68.2%) had abnormal PWI at the site of the diffusion-weighted imaging lesion. Patients with abnormal PWI were more likely to have stroke than TIA as their index event (RR 2.2, 95% CI 0.9-5.2, p = 0.02). Early clinical deterioration occurred in 4 patients (18.2%), all of whom had abnormal PWI. PWI lesions were not associated with a higher 90-day NIHSS or mRS score, nor did they predict infarct volume growth.
Output: Does normal magnetic resonance perfusion-weighted imaging in lacunar infarcts predict a low risk of early deterioration?