instruction:
In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.
question:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Justice for Victims of Fraud Act of
2016''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

The Congress finds the following:
(1) The Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection found that
Wells Fargo management implemented sales incentives, including
an incentive-compensation program, in part to increase the
number of banking products and services that its employees sold
to its customers.
(2) The Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection found that
Wells Fargo employees engaged in improper sales practices to
satisfy sales goals under Wells Fargo's incentive compensation
program, including opening as many as 1,534,280 checking
accounts and 565,443 credit card accounts using consumers'
information without their knowledge or consent between May 2011
and July 2015.
(3) Wells Fargo successfully claimed in Jabbari v. Wells
Fargo that customers had signed away their rights to hold Wells
Fargo accountable in court for claims of fraud because those
customers were bound to a forced arbitration clause for their
legitimate accounts.
(4) After Wells Fargo publicly entered a settlement with
Federal regulators for the opening of thousands of unauthorized
customer accounts, Wells Fargo claimed in Mitchell et. al. v.
Wells Fargo et. al. that customers' fraud claims must continue
to be forced into arbitration.
(5) Several courts have determined that despite claims of
fraud over unauthorized accounts opened without customer
knowledge or consent, those customers are still bound by
contracts forcing those claims into arbitration based on the
courts' interpretation of the Federal Arbitration Act.
(6) The Federal Arbitration Act (now codified as chapter 1
of title 9, United States Code) was intended to apply to
disputes between commercial entities of generally similar
sophistication and bargaining power, but a series of decisions
by the Supreme Court of the United States have interpreted the
Federal Arbitration Act as applicable to claims of fraud.
(7) Consumers have no meaningful choice whether to submit
their claims to arbitration and are typically unaware that they
have given up their rights to file claims in court.

SEC. 3. ARBITRATION OF CONSUMER DISPUTES RELATED TO CREDIT CARD
ACCOUNTS.

Chapter 2 of the Truth in Lending Act (15 U.S.C. 1631 et seq.) is
amended by adding at the end the following (and the table of contents
for such chapter is conformed accordingly):
''Sec. 140B. Validity and enforceability
''(a) Definitions.--In this section--
''(1) the term 'covered dispute' means a dispute that is
not subject to a final judgment by a court; and
''(2) the term 'predispute arbitration agreement' means any
agreement between a person and a consumer providing for
arbitration of any future dispute between the parties.
''(b) Validity and Enforceability.--No predispute arbitration
agreement shall be valid or enforceable in a covered dispute that is
related to a credit card that was not issued in response to a request
or application for that credit card account.
''(c) Applicability.--The applicability of this section to a
predispute arbitration agreement shall be determined by a State or
Federal court of competent jurisdiction.''.

SEC. 4. ARBITRATION OF CONSUMER DISPUTES RELATED TO COVERED ACCOUNTS.

The Electronic Fund Transfer Act (15 U.S.C. 1693 et seq.) is
amended by inserting after section 920 (15 U.S.C. 1693o-2) the
following:

''SEC. 920A. VALIDITY AND ENFORCEABILITY.

''(a) Definitions.--In this section--
''(1) the term 'covered account'--
''(A) means a demand deposit, savings deposit, or
other asset account (other than an occasional or
incidental credit balance in an open end credit plan as
defined in section 103(i)), as described in regulations
of the Bureau, established primarily for personal,
family, or household purposes, including demand
accounts, time accounts, negotiable order of withdrawal
accounts, and share draft accounts; and
''(B) does not include an account held by a
financial institution pursuant to a bona fide trust
agreement;
''(2) the term 'covered dispute' means a dispute that is
not subject to a final judgment by a court; and
''(3) the term 'predispute arbitration agreement' means any
agreement between a financial institution and a consumer
providing for arbitration of any future dispute between the
parties.
''(b) Validity and Enforceability.--No predispute arbitration
agreement shall be valid or enforceable in a covered dispute that is
related to a covered account that was not issued in response to a
request or application for that covered account.
''(c) Applicability.--The applicability of this section to a
predispute arbitration agreement shall be determined by a State or
Federal court of competent jurisdiction.''.

SEC. 5. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.

Nothing in the amendments made by this Act shall be construed--
(1) to authorize the imposition of a requirement to submit
a dispute to arbitration; or
(2) to restrict any court from ruling that a requirement to
submit a dispute to arbitration is invalid or unenforceable.
answer:
Justice for Victims of Fraud Act of 2016 This bill amends the Truth in Lending Act and the Electronic Fund Transfer Act to prohibit predispute arbitration agreements with consumers (i.e., agreements to arbitrate any future disputes between parties instead of pursuing the claims in court) from being valid or enforceable in disputes related to credit card accounts or personal bank accounts that are not subject to a final judgment by a court if the credit card or bank account was not issued in response to a request or application for that account. The bill excludes from this prohibition accounts held by a financial institution pursuant to a bona fide trust agreement.

question:
SECTION 1. CAREERS TO CLASSROOMS.

Title II of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20
U.S.C. 6601 et seq.) is amended--
(1) by redesignating part E as part F;
(2) by redesignating sections 2401 and 2402 as sections
2601 and 2602, respectively; and
(3) by adding at the end the following:

''PART G--CAREERS TO CLASSROOMS

''SEC. 2401. CAREERS TO CLASSROOMS.

''(a) Definitions.--In this section:
''(1) Alternative certification program.--The term
'alternative certification program' means a State-approved
program that--
''(A) provides the education and training necessary
to enable an individual to be eligible for teacher
certification in the State within a reduced period of
time, compared to the time typically required to
receive such certification; and
''(B) relies upon an individual's experience,
expertise, academic qualifications, or other factors in
lieu of traditional course work for eligibility to
receive a degree in the field of education.
''(2) Eligible individual.--The term 'eligible individual'
means an individual--
''(A) who has submitted an application described in
subsection (d) to be a certified teacher through a
State-approved alternative certification program in an
elementary school or secondary school;
''(B) who has an associate, baccalaureate, or
advanced degree from an accredited institution of
higher education;
''(C) who--
''(i) has substantial, demonstrable career
experience and competence in mathematics,
natural science, computer science, engineering,
foreign language or another field of expertise
determined by the State to be a field for which
there is a significant shortage of qualified
teachers and teacher applicants in that State;
or
''(ii) within 5 years of the date on which
the individual submits an application described
in subparagraph (A)--
''(I) has received a baccalaureate
or advanced degree from an accredited
institution of higher education in a
field of expertise described in clause
(i); and
''(II)(aa) has graduated with at
least a 3.0 grade point average (or
equivalent average on a different
scale) in the major or graduate program
for which the individual obtained the
degree;
''(bb) has graduated at least in
the top 50 percent of the individual's
undergraduate or graduate class;
''(cc) can demonstrate a high level
of competence through a high level of
academic performance in core academic
coursework and through successful
passage of academic subject tests
required by the State under its
alternative certification program; and
''(dd) meets any additional
academic or other standards or
qualifications established by the
State;
''(D) in the case of an individual receiving a
stipend under this section, who agrees to, in good
faith, seek employment and to consider offers of
employment in the individual's subject matter of
expertise in a high need elementary or secondary school
within that State; and
''(E) who meets any additional teacher
certification or other requirements that may be
established by the State.
''(3) High need elementary or secondary school.--The term
'high need elementary or secondary school' means a school--
''(A)(i) in which the percentage of students from
families below the Federal poverty level (as determined
by the Secretary) is 20 percent or more; and
''(ii) that the State determines has experienced a
significant period in which teacher vacancies have
remained unfilled due to greater than normal difficulty
in recruiting or retaining qualified teachers;
''(B) is within the top quartile of schools
statewide with regard to the number of unfilled,
available teacher positions; or
''(C) is located in an area, other than a
metropolitan statistical area, that the State
determines has a high percentage of students from low-
income families or is one that has experienced greater
than normal difficulty in recruiting or retaining
teachers.
''(b) Program Authorized.--The Secretary may award, on a
competitive basis, grants to States to enable such States to carry out
the following activities:
''(1) Teacher recruitment, education, training, referral,
placement, and retention activities to place eligible
individuals as certified teachers in public schools through
State-approved alternative certification programs.
''(2) To award stipends (in an amount not to exceed the
lesser of $5,000 per person or an amount equal to the total
costs of the types described in paragraphs (1), (2), (3), (8),
and (9) of section 472 of the Higher Education Act of 1965
incurred by the eligible individual in obtaining alternative
certification under this section) to eligible individuals who--
''(A) are enrolled in a State authorized
alternative certification program; and
''(B) agree to--
''(i) seek certification through teacher
certification programs in that State; and
''(ii) teach in a high need school in that
State;
with a preference being given to individuals who are deemed
financially in need of such assistance by the State.
''(3) To provide grants, in a manner prescribed by the
State, in an amount not to exceed $5,000 per eligible
individual, per year, to high need elementary or secondary
schools to offset the teacher mentoring, alternative
certification, and other direct costs associated with accepting
eligible individuals under this section.
''(4) To develop, or to award grants to accredited
institutions of higher education for the development of,
alternative certification programs, with preference given to
programs tailored to eligible individuals under this section.
''(5) Other activities determined by the State to be
reasonably necessary to carry-out the purposes of this section.
''(c) Criteria for Awarding of Grants.--
''(1) In general.--To be eligible to receive a grant under
this section a State shall--
''(A) submit to the Secretary an application that
contains--
''(i) a description of the manner in which
the State will carry out activities under this
section; and
''(ii) a description of the alternative
certification program of the State or a
description of the manner in which the State is
attempting to implement an alternative
certification program;
''(B) provide assurances to the Secretary that the
State will submit to the Secretary, at the end of the
grant period, a report on how the activities carried
out with funds made available under the grant were
utilized, including a description of--
''(i) the manner in which the funds were
used to increase the number of qualified
teachers hired in the State;
''(ii) the manner in which the funds
improved teacher quality;
''(iii) the number of teachers hired under
the grant;
''(iv) the professional experience and
field of expertise of each teacher hired under
the grant; and
''(v) the manner in which the funds were
used to meet other objectives of this section
or other objectives of the State with regard to
teacher hiring, quality, retention, and student
performance;
''(C) provide assurances that amounts received
under the grant will be used to supplement and not
supplant other Federal, State, and local funds expended
to provide services for individuals and entities
eligible to receive funds under this section; and
''(D) provide assurances to the Secretary that
amounts received under the grants will be expended
within 3 years of the receipt of such funds and agree
to return unused funds to the Secretary.
''(2) Preference.--The Secretary shall give preference in
the awarding of grants under this section to States that have
developed, or that are developing, alternative certification
programs that--
''(A) rapidly place quality certified teachers into
the classroom;
''(B) emphasize subject matter content; and
''(C) lead to the certification and placement of a
large number of teachers in relation to the number of
public elementary school and secondary school teachers
in the State.
''(3) Limitations.--A grant under this section may be made
for a period of up to 3 years, and may not exceed $10,000,000
per year.
''(4) Geographic diversity.--To the extent practicable, the
Secretary shall award grants under this section to support
programs in different geographic regions of the United States.
''(d) Application by Eligible Individuals.--To be eligible to
participate as an eligible individual under this section, an individual
shall submit an application to the State, or to an entity or individual
designated by the State to receive such applications. Such application
shall include--
''(1) a description of the academic, professional, and
other qualifications of the individual, including the academic
or professional subject matter expertise of the individual;
''(2) a description of the subject matter area, and, if
applicable, the grade level, in which the individual desires to
teach;
''(3)(A) a description of whether the individual is seeking
a stipend under this section (if offered by the State); and
''(B) if the individual is seeking such a stipend, a
description of the willingness of the individual to teach in a
high need elementary or secondary school for at least 2 years
under this section; and
''(4) any other information or documentation that may be
required by the State.
''(e) Stipends.--
''(1) Counted for eligibility purposes.--A stipend received
by an eligible individual under this section shall be taken
into account in determining the eligibility of the individual
for Federal student-based financial assistance.
''(2) Repayment.--The recipient of a stipend under this
section shall repay amounts received under such stipend to the
State from which the stipend was received if--
''(A) the recipient fails to complete the
applicable alternative certification program;
''(B) the recipient rejects a bona fide offer of
employment during the 1-year period beginning on the
date on which the individual completes the applicable
alternative certification program; or
''(C) the recipient fails to teach for at least 2
years in a public elementary school or secondary school
within that State during the 5-year period beginning on
the date on which the individual completes the
applicable alternative certification program.
''(3) Additional procedures.--A State that receives a grant
under this section may establish additional procedures and
rules with respect to the reimbursement of the State of any
stipend funds under paragraph (2), and shall retain such
reimbursed funds to carry out activities under this section.
''(4) Exceptions.--Paragraphs (2) and (3) shall not apply
during the period of time in which an eligible individual is--
''(A) pursuing a full-time course of study;
''(B) serving on active duty as a member of the
Armed Forces;
''(C) temporarily totally disabled for a period of
time not to exceed 3 years;
''(D) not able to secure employment for a period of
not more than 12 months by reason of the care required
by a spouse who is disabled; or
''(E) otherwise exempted from the requirements of
such paragraphs as may be provided by the Secretary.
''(f) Public Awareness.--The Secretary shall disseminate and
otherwise make available information concerning the program under this
section, including--
''(1) through the posting of a website on the Internet to
enable interested persons to easily find information and
application material for participation in activities under this
section, that contains a nationwide, publicly searchable data
bank of all State programs and all available public elementary
and secondary teaching positions the Secretary is able to
practicably ascertain, and a means by which individuals may
apply to, or inquire of, multiple States' alternative
certification programs under this section;
''(2) providing information to every State about the
program under this section, including the criteria for State
and individual eligibility; and
''(3) conducting other activities, either directly or
through contract with other appropriate entities, to broaden
awareness and participation in the program under this section.
''(g) Authorization of Appropriations.--For the purpose of carrying
out this section, there are authorized to be appropriated $50,000,000
in fiscal year 2002, and such sums as may be necessary for each of
fiscal years 2003 through 2007.''.
answer:
Careers to Classrooms Act of 2001 - Amends the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 to establish a Careers to Classrooms program. Authorizes the Secretary of Education to award competitive grants to States for: (1) teacher recruitment, education, training, referral, placement, and retention activities to place eligible individuals as certified teachers in public schools through State-approved alternative certification programs; (2) stipends for eligible individuals enrolled in programs who agree to seek certification through teacher certification programs in that State and teach in a high-need school in that State, with preference for those individuals needing such assistance; (3) grants to high-need elementary or secondary schools to offset the teacher mentoring, alternative certification, and other direct costs associated with accepting eligible individuals under this Act; (4) grants to accredited institutions of higher education to develop alternative certification programs, with preference given to programs tailored to eligible individuals; and (5) other activities determined by the State to be reasonably necessary to carry out the purposes of this Act. Requires preference for such grants to be given to States that have developed, or are developing, alternative certification programs that: (1) rapidly place quality certified teachers into the classroom; (2) emphasize subject matter content; and (3) lead to the certification and placement of a large number of teachers in relation to the number of public elementary school and secondary school teachers in the State.

question:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Sex Crime Re-Entry EvaluatioN
(SCREEN) Act of 2010''.

SEC. 2. SENTENCE OF SPECIAL CONFINEMENT FOR THE PREVENTION OF SEXUAL
PREDATION AUTHORIZED.

Section 3551(b) of title 18, United States Code, is amended as
follows:
(1) in paragraph (2) by striking ''or'';
(2) in paragraph (3) by striking the period at the end and
inserting ''; or'';
(3) inserting after paragraph (3) the following:
''(4) in the case of certain offenses, a term of special
confinement for the prevention of sexual predation as
authorized by subchapter E.''; and
(4) adding after ''in addition to any other sentence.'' the
following: ''A sentence to a term of special confinement for
the prevention of sexual predation may be imposed in addition
to a sentence to a term of imprisonment.''.

SEC. 3. SENTENCE OF SPECIAL CONFINEMENT FOR THE PREVENTION OF SEXUAL
PREDATION.

Chapter 227 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding
at the end the following:

''SUBCHAPTER E--SPECIAL CONFINEMENT FOR THE PREVENTION OF SEXUAL
PREDATION

''3587a. Sentence of special confinement for the prevention of sexual
predation.
''3587b. Effect of finality of judgment.
''3587c. Right to hearing.
''3587d. Hearings to determine status as a sexually dangerous person.
''3587e. Commencement of sentence.
''3587f. Definitions.
''3587g. Implementation of a sentence of special confinement for the
prevention of sexual predation.
''Sec. 3587a. Sentence of special confinement for the prevention of
sexual predation
''(a) In General.--The court may sentence to a term of special
confinement for the prevention of sexual predation a defendant who--
''(1) has been found guilty of a qualifying offense; and
''(2) has been sentenced to a term of imprisonment for that
qualifying offense.
''(b) Qualifying Offenses.--For purposes of this section, a
qualifying offense is any of the following:
''(1) An offense under section 2241.
''(2) An offense under section 2242.
''(3) An offense under section 2245.
''(4) An offense under section 2251(e).
''(c) Authorized Terms.--The authorized term of special confinement
for the prevention of sexual predation is for the duration of the
defendant's life.
''Sec. 3587b. Effect of finality of judgment
''Notwithstanding the fact that a sentence to a term of special
confinement for the prevention of sexual predation can subsequently
be--
''(1) corrected under rule 35 of the Federal Rules of
Criminal Procedure and section 3742; or
''(2) appealed and modified under section 3742;
a judgment of conviction that includes such a sentence constitutes a
final judgment for all other purposes.
''Sec. 3587c. Right to hearing
''The defendant shall have the right to a hearing to determine
whether the defendant is a sexually dangerous person. That hearing
shall be conducted not earlier than 180 days before the scheduled
release of the defendant from the custody of the Bureau of Prisons
after the term of imprisonment.
''Sec. 3587d. Hearings to determine status as a sexually dangerous
person
''(a) In General.--Any hearing to determine whether a person
sentenced to a term of special confinement for the prevention of sexual
predation is a sexually dangerous person for purposes of this
subchapter or subchapter D of chapter 229 shall be conducted as
provided under this section.
''(b) Disposition.--If the person establishes by clear and
convincing evidence that the person is not a sexually dangerous person,
the court shall set aside or terminate a sentence to a term of special
confinement for the prevention of sexual predation and order the
release of the person as soon as possible after the date that the
person is released from the custody of the Bureau of Prisones after a
term of imprisonment.
''(c) Examination and Report.--In conducting a hearing under this
section, the court shall order an examination of the defendant by a
licensed psychologist or psychiatrist to determine whether the person
is a sexually dangerous person and a report on the results of that
examination.
''(d) Rights of Person.--
''(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), a hearing under
this section shall be conducted in same manner as a hearing
under section 4247(d).
''(2) The person shall have the right to have the issue of
whether that person is a sexually dangerous person determined
by a jury impanelled pursuant to chapter 121 of title 28,
United States Code.
''(e) Role of the Government.--In a hearing under this section, the
attorney for the Government may present evidence, subpoena witnesses,
and confront and cross-examine witnesses.
''Sec. 3587e. Commencement of sentence
''A sentence to a term of special confinement for the prevention of
sexual predation commences on the date that the defendant is released
from the custody of the Bureau of Prisons after a term of imprisonment.
''Sec. 3587f. Definitions
''(a) In General.--Except as otherwise provided in this subchapter,
terms used in this subchapter have the meanings given such terms in
section 4247.
''(b) Sexually Dangerous Person.--For purposes of this subchapter,
the term 'sexually dangerous person' means an individual who has been
convicted of a sexual offense that includes violent conduct as an
element of the offense, and who suffers from a mental, behavioral, or
emotional disorder affecting the emotional or volitional capacity which
predisposes that individual toward engaging in violent sexual acts to a
degree constituting such individual a menace to the health and safety
of others.
''Sec. 3587g. Implementation of a sentence of special confinement for
the prevention of sexual predation
''The implementation of a sentence of special confinement for the
prevention of sexual predation is governed by the provisions of
subchapter D of chapter 229.''.

SEC. 4. POSTSENTENCE ADMINISTRATION.

Chapter 229 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding
at the end the following:

''SUBCHAPTER D--SPECIAL CONFINEMENT FOR THE PREVENTION OF SEXUAL
PREDATION

''3631. Special confinement for the prevention of sexual predation.
''3632. Annual hearings.
''3633. Definitions.
''Sec. 3631. Special confinement for the prevention of sexual predation
''(a) In General.--A person who has been sentenced to a term of
special confinement for the prevention of sexual predation pursuant to
the provisions of subchapter E of chapter 227 shall be treated as
provided under subsection (b). The person shall be committed to the
custody of the Attorney General until--
''(1) the expiration of the term imposed;
''(2) the earlier release of the person pursuant to a
hearing under section 3587d; or
''(3) the transfer of that person to the custody of a State
pursuant to subsection (c).
''(b) Placement in a Suitable Facility.--If no State assumes
custody and responsibility of the defendant under subsection (c), the
Attorney General shall place the defendant in a suitable facility for
treatment.
''(c) State Custody.--If the State in which the person was
domiciled or tried will assume custody of the person and responsibility
for carrying out the sentence of special confinement for the prevention
of sexual predation in a manner consistent with the conditions
described in section 3632, the Attorney General shall commit the
defendant to the custody of that State. The Attorney General shall make
every reasonable effort to cause that State to assume such custody and
responsibility.
''Sec. 3632. Annual hearings
''(a) Commenced by Confined Person.--The confined person has the
right to not more than one hearing under section 3587d to determine
whether the confined person is a sexually dangerous person for each
year that person is confined.
''(b) Commenced by Supervisor Certification.--Not more than once
each year, the supervisor of the facility in which the confined person
is confined may commence a hearing under section 3587d to determine
whether the confined person is a sexually dangerous person by filing
with the court a certificate stating that the supervisor believes that
person is not a sexually dangerous person.
''Sec. 3633. Definitions
''Terms used in this subchapter have the same meanings as terms
under subchapter E of chapter 227.''.

SEC. 5. SENTENCE OF SPECIAL CONFINEMENT FOR THE PREVENTION OF SEXUAL
PREDATION IMPOSED FOR CERTAIN OFFENSES.

(a) Aggravated Sexual Abuse.--Section 2241 of title 18, United
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
''(e) Additional Punishment.--Whoever commits an offense under this
section and is sentenced to a term of imprisonment shall, in addition,
be punished by special confinement for the prevention of sexual
predation for life.''.
(b) Sexual Abuse.--Section 2242 of title 18, United States Code, is
amended by adding at the end the following: ''Whoever commits an
offense under this section and is sentenced to a term of imprisonment
shall, in addition, be punished by special confinement for the
prevention of sexual predation for life.''.
(c) Offenses Resulting in Death.--Section 2245(a) of title 18,
United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
''Whoever commits an offense under this section and is sentenced to a
term of imprisonment shall, in addition, be punished by special
confinement for the prevention of sexual predation for life.''.
(d) Sexual Exploitation of Children.--Section 2251(e) of title 18,
United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
''Whoever commits an offense under this section and is sentenced to a
term of imprisonment shall, in addition, be punished by special
confinement for the prevention of sexual predation for life.''.
answer:
Sex Crime Re-Entry EvaluatioN (SCREEN) Act of 2010 - Amends the federal criminal code to allow a court to impose on a defendant who has been convicted of a serious sex crime, including aggravated sexual abuse, sex-related murder, and sexual exploitation of children, a term of special confinement, in addition to the sentence for the underlying crime, to prevent sexual predation. Authorizes the term of such confinement to be the life of the defendant. Allows such defendant the right to one hearing per year after confinement to determine whether such defendant is a sexually dangerous person.