Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Ex Input:
Context: Oxidative stress has been considered to play a primary role in the pathogenesis of stress-induced gastric damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of melatonin, ascorbic acid and -carotene on stress-induced gastric mucosal damage.', 'Fifty-six male Wistar albino rats were divided into control, stress, stress + standard diet, stress + saline, stress + melatonin, stress + ascorbic acid and stress + -carotene groups. The rats from stress groups were exposed to starvation, immobilization and cold by immobilizing for 8 h at +4C following 72-hour food restriction. Following stress application, melatonin, ascorbic acid and -carotene were administered for 7 days. Specimens of gastric tissue were prepared for microscopic and biochemical examinations.', 'Mean histopathological damage scores and mean tissue malondialdehyde levels were significantly decreased but mean tissue glutathione levels and glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities were increased in treatment groups vs. stress groups in general. Mean histopathological damage scores of the stress + Mel group was lower than those of stress + D, stress + S, stress + -car (p < 0.05) and stress + Asc groups (p < 0.005). Additionally, mean tissue catalase activity of the stress + Mel group was higher than that of stress + S (p < 0.005), stress + D (p < 0.05) and stress + -car groups (p < 0.05).
Answer: Melatonin is more effective than ascorbic acid and -carotene in improvement of gastric damage induced by intensive stress. We suggest that as well as the direct antioxidant and free radical scavenging potency of melatonin, its indirect effect via the brain-gut axis might account for its greater beneficial action against stress-induced gastric damage.

Ex Output:
Is melatonin more effective than ascorbic acid and -carotene in improvement of gastric mucosal damage induced by intensive stress?

Ex Input:
Context: The role of Helicobacter pylori in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is controversial.', 'To compare the severity of GERD in infected vs. non-infected patients, as part of an ongoing randomized controlled trial that examines the impact of H. pylori eradication on GERD-related outcomes.', 'Consecutive GERD patients underwent urea breath testing and completed validated GERD symptom severity, and quality of life questionnaires as well as, 24-h pH-metry. These parameters, as well as demographics and endoscopic findings were assessed in double-blinded fashion and compared between H. pylori-infected and non-infected subjects.', "Helicobacter pylori-infected GERD patients (n=50) were significantly older and less educated than non-infected patients (n=51). They also used proton pump inhibitors less often but had no difference in symptoms (as measured with both the Spechler's Activity Index and the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale), quality of life, endoscopic findings or 24-h pH-metry findings.
Answer: This prospective, double-blind study demonstrates, using excellent GERD quantifying measures including validated symptom severity scores, endoscopy, and 24-h pH-metry, that there exist no clinically significant differences in clinical or laboratory-related GERD manifestations between H. pylori-infected and non-infected GERD patients.

Ex Output:
Is there no difference in the disease severity of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease between patients infected and not infected with Helicobacter pylori?

Ex Input:
Context: To investigate the effect of glycyrrhizin (Gly) on human neutrophil elastase (HNE)- induced mucin (MUC) 5AC overproduction in human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE), and the potential signaling pathway involved in this process.', 'The cultured cells were divided into 3 groups: a control group, cultured in serum-free DMEM medium; an HNE group, pretreated with HNE alone; and a Gly group, incubated with HNE and Gly. After stimulation with a variety of Gly concentrations, the cytotoxicity was assessed by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium method. The mRNA expressions of p38, nuclear factor B (NF-B) p65, inhibitory B (IB) and MUC5AC were detected by real-time PCR. The phosphorylation levels of p38 (p-p38), NF-B p65 (p-NF-B p65) and IB (p-IB) were measured by Western blot while the levels of MUC5AC protein were analyzed by emzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescence.', 'Compared with the control group, the expression levels of MUC5AC mRNA and protein in the HNE group were both significantly increased. There was a significant increase in p-p38 and p-NF-B p65, while the production of IB was much lower than that in the control group. Gly significantly inhibited the increase of MUC5AC, p38 and NF-B p65, but increased the activity of IB.
Answer: Glycyrrhizin can inhibit MUC5AC overproduction via p38-NF-B p65/IB signaling pathway.

Ex Output:
Does [ Glycyrrhizin inhibit human neutrophil elastase-induced mucin 5AC overproduction in human bronchial epithelial cells ]?