Information: - The Thompson submachine gun is an American submachine gun, invented by John T. Thompson in 1918, that became infamous during the Prohibition era. It was a common sight in the media of the time, being used by both law enforcement officers and criminals. The Thompson submachine gun was also known informally as the "Tommy Gun", "Annihilator", "Chicago Typewriter", "Chicago Piano", "Chicago Style", "Chicago Organ Grinder", "Trench Broom", "Trench Sweeper", "The Chopper", and simply "The Thompson". - The Arsenal M23 submachine gun ( Estonian : Arsenali pustolkuulipilduja ) ( also known as Arsenal Tallinn ) was an Estonian submachine gun from 1926 through 1935 . These submachine guns were designed and produced in the Estonian military equipment factory '' Arsenal '' in Karjamaa , Tallinn , but production was not more than 600 units . The weapon was chambered for the 9x20 mm semi-rimmed Browning cartridge to be compatible with ammunition for the Browning FN M1903 pistol which had been adopted by the Estonian Army . It operated on the blowback system and was essentially similar to the MP18.1 ; having a wooden stock , slotted barrel jacket , and horizontal left side magazine feed . A uniquely slender 40 round single column box magazine led to frequent cartridge feeding problems ; and cooling fins which were machined lengthwise along the barrel to promote cooling air flow when firing ( similar to the Lewis machine gun ) , unnecessarily complicated production . It was used by the combat support units of the Border Guard , the Estonian Defence League and the Estonian Defence Forces . The Arsenal submachine gun was replaced in Estonian service by the Finnish Suomi KP / -31 submachinegun in 1938 . The Estonian Army sold a few samples to Latvia and all of the remainder found their way to Republican forces during the Civil War in Spain . - A submachine gun (SMG) is an air-cooled, magazine-fed, automatic carbine designed to fire pistol cartridges. The term "submachine gun" was coined by John T. Thompson, the inventor of the Thompson submachine gun. - John Taliaferro (pronounced "tolliver") Thompson, (December 31, 1860 June 21, 1940), was a United States Army officer best remembered as the inventor of the Thompson submachine gun. - Tallinn (or ) is the capital and largest city of Estonia. It is situated on the northern coast of the country, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, south of Helsinki, east of Stockholm and west of Saint Petersburg. From the 13th century until 1918 (and briefly during the Nazi occupation of Estonia from 1941 to 1944), the city was known as Reval. Tallinn occupies an area of and has a population of 443,894. Approximately 32% of Estonia's total population lives in Tallinn. - Saint Petersburg is Russia's second-largest city after Moscow, with fivemillion inhabitants in 2012, and an important Russian port on the Baltic Sea. It is politically incorporated as a federal subject (a federal city). Situated on the Neva River, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea, it was founded by Tsar Peter the Great on May . In 1914, the name was changed from Saint Petersburg to Petrograd, in 1924 to Leningrad, and in 1991 back to Saint Petersburg. Between 17131728 and 17321918, Saint Petersburg was the imperial capital of Russia. In 1918, the central government bodies moved to Moscow. After reading the paragraphs above, we are interested in knowing the entity with which 'arsenal submachine gun' exhibits the relationship of 'service retirement'. Find the answer from the choices below. Choices: - 1860 - 1918 - 1940 - 1941 - 1944 - 2012
1940

Information: - The Eighty Years' War or Dutch War of Independence (15681648) was a revolt of the Seventeen Provinces against the political and religious hegemony of Philip II of Spain, the sovereign of the Habsburg Netherlands. After the initial stages, Philip II deployed his armies and regained control over most of the rebelling provinces. Under the leadership of the exiled William the Silent, the northern provinces continued their resistance. They eventually were able to oust the Habsburg armies, and in 1581 they established the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands. The war continued in other areas, although the heartland of the republic was no longer threatened; this included the beginnings of the Dutch Colonial Empire, which at the time were conceived as carrying overseas the war with Spain. After a 12-year truce, hostilities broke out again around 1619 which can be said to coincide with the Thirty Years' War. An end was reached in 1648 with the Peace of Munster (a treaty part of the Peace of Westphalia), when the Dutch Republic was recognised as an independent country (though the fact of its being such was evident long before). - England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. The Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain (which lies in the North Atlantic) in its centre and south; and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight. - An appraiser (from Latin "appretiare", "to value"), is one who sets a value upon property, real or personal. In England the business of an appraiser is usually combined with that of an auctioneer, while the word itself has a similar meaning to that of "valuer." (See Auction, Valuation (finance).) - The Dutch Republic, also known as the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands ('), Republic of the United Netherlands or Republic of the Seven United Provinces ('), was a republic in Europe existing from 1581, when part of the Netherlands separated from Spanish rule, until 1795. It preceded the Batavian Republic, the Kingdom of Holland, the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, and ultimately the modern Kingdom of the Netherlands. Alternative names include the United Provinces ('), Seven Provinces ('), Federated Dutch Provinces ('), and Dutch Federation ('). - Willem Kalf ( 1619 -- 31 July 1693 ) was a Dutch Golden Age painter who specialized in still lifes . Later in his life , Kalf became an art dealer and appraiser . - The Dutch Golden Age was a period in Dutch history, roughly spanning the 17th century, in which Dutch trade, science, military, and art were among the most acclaimed in the world. The first half is characterized by the Eighty Years' War which ended in 1648. The Golden Age continued in peacetime during the Dutch Republic until the end of the century. After reading the paragraphs above, we are interested in knowing the entity with which 'willem kalf' exhibits the relationship of 'country of citizenship'. Find the answer from the choices below. Choices: - dutch republic - england - great britain - kingdom of the netherlands - netherlands - seventeen provinces - spain - united kingdom of the netherlands
dutch republic