Question: Information: - Jean-Gaspard Deburau (born Jan Kaspar Dvoak; July 31, 1796 June 17, 1846), sometimes erroneously called Debureau, was a celebrated Bohemian-French mime. He performed from around 1819 to the year of his death at the Theatre des Funambules, which was immortalized in Marcel Carne's poetic-realist film "Children of Paradise" (1945); Deburau appears in the film (under his stage-name, "Baptiste") as a major character. His most famous pantomimic creation was Pierrota character that served as the godfather of all the Pierrots of Romantic, Decadent, Symbolist, and early Modernist theater and art. - The European Plain or Great European Plain is a plain in Europe and is a major feature of one of four major topographical units of Europe - the "Central and Interior Lowlands". It is the largest mountain-free landform in Europe, although a number of highlands are identified within it. - Dreimal sieben Gedichte aus Albert Girauds '' Pierrot lunaire '' ( '' Three times Seven Poems from Albert Giraud 's ' Pierrot lunaire ' '' ) , commonly known simply as Pierrot Lunaire , Op. 21 ( '' Moonstruck Pierrot '' or '' Pierrot in the Moonlight '' ) , is a melodrama by Arnold Schoenberg . It is a setting of 21 selected poems from Otto Erich Hartleben 's German translation of Albert Giraud 's cycle of French poems of the same name . The premiere of the work , which is between 35 and 40 minutes in length , was at the Berlin Choralion - Saal on October 16 , 1912 , with Albertine Zehme as the vocalist . The narrator ( voice - type unspecified in the score , but traditionally performed by a soprano ) delivers the poems in the Sprechstimme style . Schoenberg had previously used a combination of spoken text with instrumental accompaniment , called '' melodrama '' , in the summer - wind narrative of the Gurre - Lieder , which was a fashionable musical style popular at the end of the nineteenth century . The melodrama is in atonal form yet does not use Schoenberg 's twelve - tone technique . - Pierrot is a stock character of pantomime and Commedia dell'Arte whose origins are in the late seventeenth-century Italian troupe of players performing in Paris and known as the Comedie-Italienne; the name is a hypocorism of "Pierre" (Peter), via the suffix "-ot." His character in contemporary popular culturein poetry, fiction, and the visual arts, as well as works for the stage, screen, and concert hallis that of the sad clown, pining for love of Columbine, who usually breaks his heart and leaves him for Harlequin. Performing unmasked, with a whitened face, he wears a loose white blouse with large buttons and wide white pantaloons. Sometimes he appears with a frilled collaret and a hat, usually with a close-fitting crown and wide round brim, more rarely with a conical shape like a dunce's cap. But most frequently, since his reincarnation under Jean-Gaspard Deburau, he wears neither collar nor hat, only a black skullcap. The defining characteristic of Pierrot is his naivete: he is seen as a fool, often the butt of pranks, yet nonetheless trusting. - Berlin is the capital and the largest city of Germany as well as one of its constituent 16 states. With a population of approximately 3.5 million people, Berlin is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union. Located in northeastern Germany on the banks of rivers Spree and Havel, it is the centre of the Berlin-Brandenburg Metropolitan Region, which has about 6 million residents from more than 180 nations. Due to its location in the European Plain, Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. Around one-third of the city's area is composed of forests, parks, gardens, rivers and lakes. - The Second Viennese School is the group of composers that comprised Arnold Schoenberg and his pupils and close associates in early 20th century Vienna; where he lived and taught, sporadically, between 1903 and 1925. Their music was initially characterized by late-Romantic expanded tonality and later, following Schoenberg's own evolution, a totally chromatic expressionism without firm tonal centre, often referred to as atonality; and later still, Schoenberg's serial twelve-tone technique. Though this common development took place, it neither followed a common time-line nor a cooperative path. Likewise, it was not a direct result of Schoenberg's teachingwhich, as his various published textbooks demonstrate, was highly traditional and conservative. Schoenberg's textbooks also reveal that the Second Viennese School spawned not from the development of his serial method, but rather from the influence of his creative example. - Arnold Schoenberg or Schonberg (13 September 187413 July 1951) was an Austrian composer, music theorist, and painter. He was associated with the expressionist movement in German poetry and art, and leader of the Second Viennese School. By 1938, with the rise of the Nazi Party, Schoenberg's works were labeled degenerate music, because he was Jewish . He moved to the United States in 1934. After reading the paragraphs above, we are interested in knowing the entity with which 'pierrot lunaire' exhibits the relationship of 'tonality'. Find the answer from the choices below. Choices: - a major - atonality
Answer:
atonality