Please answer the following question: Information: - Hanja is the Korean name for Chinese characters. More specifically, it refers to those Chinese characters borrowed from Chinese and incorporated into the Korean language with Korean pronunciation. "Hanja-mal" or "hanja-eo" refers to words that can be written with hanja, and "hanmun" refers to Classical Chinese writing, although "hanja" is sometimes used loosely to encompass these other concepts. Because hanja never underwent major reform, they are almost entirely identical to traditional Chinese and "kyjitai" characters. Only a small number of hanja characters are modified or unique to Korean. By contrast, many of the Chinese characters currently in use in Japan and Mainland China have been simplified, and contain fewer strokes than the corresponding hanja characters. - Chinese historiography is the study of the techniques and sources used by historians to develop the recorded history of China. - The Song dynasty (9601279) was an era of Chinese history that began in 960 and continued until 1279. It succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, coincided with the Liao and Western Xia dynasties, and was followed by the Yuan dynasty. It was the first government in world history to issue banknotes or true paper money nationally and the first Chinese government to establish a permanent standing navy. This dynasty also saw the first known use of gunpowder, as well as the first discernment of true north using a compass. - The Zizhi Tongjian ( Tzu - chih Tung - chien ; simplified Chinese : ; traditional Chinese : ; pinyin : Zzhi Tngjian ; Wade -- Giles : Tzu1 - chih4 T'ung1 - chien4 ; literally : '' Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance '' ) is a pioneering reference work in Chinese historiography , published in 1084 AD , in the form of a chronicle . In 1065 AD , Emperor Yingzong of Song ordered the great historian Sima Guang ( 1019 -- 1086 AD ) to lead with other scholars such as his chief assistants Liu Shu , Liu Ban and Fan Zuyu , the compilation of a universal history of China . The task took 19 years to be completed , and , in 1084 AD , it was presented to his successor Emperor Shenzong of Song . The Zizhi Tongjian records Chinese history from 403 BC to 959 AD , covering 16 dynasties and spanning across almost 1,400 years , and contains 294 volumes ( ) and about 3 million Chinese characters . - Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. With an estimated 90.5 million inhabitants , it is the world's 14th-most-populous country, and the eighth-most-populous Asian country. Vietnam is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, Thailand across the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest, and the Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia across the South China Sea to the east and southeast. Its capital city has been Hanoi since the reunification of North and South Vietnam in 1976. - Written records of the history of China can be found from as early as 1500 BC under the Shang dynasty (c. 16001046 BC). Ancient historical texts such as the "Records of the Grand Historian" (ca. 100 BC) and the "Bamboo Annals" describe a Xia dynasty (c. 20701600 BC), which had no system of writing on a durable medium, before the Shang. The Yellow River is said to be the cradle of Chinese civilization, although cultures originated at various regional centers along both the Yellow River and the Yangtze River valleys millennia ago in the Neolithic era. With thousands of years of continuous history, China is one of the world's oldest civilizations, and is regarded as one of the cradles of civilization. - The Records of the Grand Historian, now usually known as the Shji ("The Scribe's Records"), is a monumental history of ancient China and the world finished around 94 BC by the Han dynasty official Sima Qian after having been started by his father, Sima Tan, Grand Astrologer to the imperial court. The work covers the world as it was then known to the Chinese and a 2500-year period from the age of the legendary Yellow Emperor to the reign of Emperor Wu of Han in the author's own time. - Wang Anshi (December 8, 1021 May 21, 1086) was a Chinese economist, statesman, chancellor and poet of the Song Dynasty who attempted major and controversial socioeconomic reforms known as the New Policies. These reforms constituted the core concepts of the Song-Dynasty Reformists, in contrast to their rivals, the Conservatives, led by the Chancellor Sima Guang. - Sima Guang (17 November 1019 11 October 1086), courtesy name Junshi, was a high-ranking Song dynasty scholar-official and historian who authored the monumental history book "Zizhi Tongjian". Sima was a political conservative who opposed Wang Anshi's reforms. - Kanji, or "kan'ji", are the adopted logographic Chinese characters (') that are used in the modern Japanese writing system along with hiragana and katakana. The Japanese term "kanji" for the Chinese characters literally means "Han characters" and is written using the same characters as the Chinese word '. - Universal history is a term for a work aiming at the presentation of the history of humankind as a whole, as a coherent unit. - Standard Chinese, also known as Modern Standard Mandarin or Standard Mandarin, also often referred to as Putonghua, Guoyu or simply Mandarin, is a standard language that is the sole official language of both China and Taiwan, and also one of the four official languages of Singapore. The pronunciation of the standard is based on the Beijing dialect, its vocabulary is drawn from Mandarin dialects, and the grammar is based on literature in the modern written vernacular. - History (from Greek , "historia", meaning "inquiry, knowledge acquired by investigation") is the study of the past as it is described in written documents. Events occurring before written record are considered prehistory. It is an umbrella term that relates to past events as well as the memory, discovery, collection, organization, presentation, and interpretation of information about these events. Scholars who write about history are called historians. - Chinese characters are logograms used in the writing of Chinese and some other Asian languages. In Standard Chinese, and sometimes also in English, they are called hanzi. They have been adapted to write a number of other languages including: Japanese, where they are known as "kanji", Korean, where they are known as "hanja", and Vietnamese in a system known as "ch Nom". Collectively, they are known as CJK characters. In English, they are sometimes called Han characters. Chinese characters constitute the oldest continuously used system of writing in the world. By virtue of their widespread current use in East Asia, and historic use throughout the Sinosphere, Chinese characters are among the most widely adopted writing systems in the world by number of users. - Emperor Yingzong of Song (16 February 1032 25 January 1067), personal name Zhao Shu, was the fifth emperor of the Song dynasty in China. His original personal name was Zhao Zongshi but it was changed to "Zhao Shu" in 1062 by imperial decree. He reigned from 1063 to his death in 1067. He was succeeded by his eldest son, Emperor Shenzong. - Korea is a historical state in East Asia, since 1945 divided into two distinct sovereign states: North Korea (officially the "Democratic People's Republic of Korea") and South Korea (officially the "Republic of Korea"). Located on the Korean Peninsula, Korea is bordered by China to the northwest and Russia to the northeast. It is separated from Japan to the east by the Korea Strait and the East Sea. - In internationalization, CJK is a collective term for the Chinese, Japanese, and Korean languages, all of which use Chinese characters and derivatives (collectively, CJK characters) in their writing systems. Occasionally, Vietnamese is included, making the abbreviation CJKV, since Vietnamese historically used Chinese characters as well. - In written language, a logogram or logograph is a written character that represents a word or phrase. Chinese characters and Japanese kanji are logograms; some Egyptian hieroglyphs and some graphemes in cuneiform script are also logograms. The use of logograms in writing is called "logography". A writing system that is based on logograms is called a "logographic system". - Japan ("Nippon" or "Nihon" ; formally "" or "Nihon-koku", means "State of Japan") is a sovereign island nation in Eastern Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, It is lying off the eastern coast of the Asia Mainland (east of China, Korea, Russia) and stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and near Taiwan in the southwest. - The Xia dynasty (c. 2070 c. 1600 BCE) is the first dynasty in traditional Chinese history. It is described in ancient historical chronicles such as the "Bamboo Annals", the "Classic of History" and the "Records of the Grand Historian". According to tradition, the dynasty was established by the legendary Yu the Great after Shun, the last of the Five Emperors gave his throne to him. The Xia was later succeeded by the Shang dynasty (c. 1600 c. 1046 BCE). 'zizhi tongjian' is related to which object entity through the relation of 'original language of work'? Choices: - chinese - classical chinese - english - greek - indonesia - japanese - korean - russia - standard chinese - traditional chinese
Answer:
classical chinese