input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: 10.4 | Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension By the end of this section, you will be able to: Explain concentric, isotonic, and eccentric contractions Describe the length-tension relationship Describe the three phases of a muscle twitch Define wave summation, tetanus, and treppe To move an object, referred to as load, the sarcomeres in the muscle fibers of the skeletal muscle must shorten. The force generated by the contraction of the muscle (or shortening of the sarcomeres) is called muscle tension. However, muscle tension also is generated when the muscle is contracting against a load that does not move, resulting in two main types of skeletal muscle contractions: isotonic contractions and isometric contractions. In isotonic contractions, where the tension in the muscle stays constant, a load is moved as the length of the muscle changes (shortens). There are two types of isotonic contractions: concentric and eccentric. A concentric contraction involves the muscle shortening to move a load. An example of this is the biceps brachii muscle contracting when a hand weight is brought upward with increasing muscle tension. As the biceps brachii contract, the angle of the elbow joint decreases as the forearm is brought toward the body. Here, the biceps brachii contracts as sarcomeres in its muscle fibers are shortening and cross-bridges form; the myosin heads pull the actin. An eccentric contraction occurs as the muscle tension diminishes and the muscle lengthens. In this case, the hand weight is lowered in a slow and controlled manner as the amount of crossbridges being activated by nervous system stimulation decreases. In this case, as tension is released from the biceps brachii, the angle of the elbow joint increases. Eccentric contractions are also used for movement and balance of the body. An isometric contraction occurs as the muscle produces tension without changing the angle of a skeletal joint. Isometric contractions involve sarcomere shortening and increasing muscle tension, but do not move a... Q: An isometric type of what occurs as the muscle produces tension without changing the angle of a skeletal joint? A:
OPTIONS:
- compression
- extension
- acceleration
- contraction
output: contraction

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Monatomic ions have an oxidation number equal to their charge. Li + has an oxidation state of +1, Ba 2+ has an oxidation state of +2, I - has an oxidation state of -1, and so on. Q: Monatomic ions have an oxidation number equal to their what? A:

OPTIONS:
- size
- cost
- length
- charge

A: charge

input: OPTIONS:
- five fingers
- large brain
- fur
- tail Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: What's the difference between monkeys and apes? The easiest way to distinguish monkeys from the other primates is to look for a tail. Most monkey species have tails, but no apes or humans do. Monkeys are much more like other mammals than apes and humans are. Q: What do most species of monkeys have that no apes or humans do? A:
A:
output: tail

Answer the following question given this paragraph: The three main rock types are igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary. Q: The three main rock types are igneous, metamorphic, and what? A:

OPTIONS:
- basalt
- crystalline
- silicate
- sedimentary

Answer: sedimentary

Problem: OPTIONS:
- tin
- aluminum
- bronze
- metal alloys
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Most metal objects are made of metal alloys rather than pure metals. Q: What are most metal objects made of? A:
Answer: metal alloys

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Consumers are organisms that depend on other organisms for food. They take in organic molecules by essentially "eating" other living things. They include all animals and fungi. (Fungi don't really "eat"; they absorb nutrients from other organisms. ) They also include many bacteria and even a few plants, such as the pitcher plant shown in Figure below . Consumers are also called heterotrophs. Heterotrophs are classified by what they eat:. Q: Organisms that depend on other organisms for food play what role in the food chain? A:

OPTIONS:
- fungus
- producer
- plant
- consumer

Answer:
consumer