Answer the following question given this paragraph: The Cytoskeleton Much like the bony skeleton structurally supports the human body, the cytoskeleton helps the cells to maintain their structural integrity. The cytoskeleton is a group of fibrous proteins that provide structural support for cells, but this is only one of the functions of the cytoskeleton. Cytoskeletal components are also critical for cell motility, cell reproduction, and transportation of substances within the cell. The cytoskeleton forms a complex thread-like network throughout the cell consisting of three different kinds of proteinbased filaments: microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules (Figure 3.18). The thickest of the three is the microtubule, a structural filament composed of subunits of a protein called tubulin. Microtubules maintain cell shape and structure, help resist compression of the cell, and play a role in positioning the organelles within the cell. Microtubules also make up two types of cellular appendages important for motion: cilia and flagella. Cilia are found on many cells of the body, including the epithelial cells that line the airways of the respiratory system. Cilia move rhythmically; they beat constantly, moving waste materials such as dust, mucus, and bacteria upward through the airways, away from the lungs and toward the mouth. Beating cilia on cells in the female fallopian tubes move egg cells from the ovary towards the uterus. A flagellum (plural = flagella) is an appendage larger than a cilium and specialized for cell locomotion. The only flagellated cell in humans is the sperm cell that must propel itself towards female egg cells. Q: In humans, the sperm cell is the only cell with what structure that enables motility? Choices: - eukaryotic - False Cell - sporangia - flagella A:
flagella
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The first monotremes may have evolved about 150 million years ago. Early monotreme fossils have been found in Australia. An example is a genus called Steropodon , shown in Figure below . It may have been the ancestor of the platypus. Early monotremes retained some of the traits of their therapsid ancestors. For example, they laid eggs and had a cloaca. These traits are still found in modern monotremes. Q: The steropodon may have been an ancestor of which animal? Choices: - geckos - wooly mammoth - lioness - platypus A:
platypus
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: In humans, there are five primary tastes, and each taste has only one corresponding type of receptor. Thus, like olfaction, each receptor is specific to its stimulus (tastant). Transduction of the five tastes happens through different mechanisms that reflect the molecular composition of the tastant. A salty tastant (containing NaCl) provides the sodium ions (Na+) that enter the taste neurons and excite them directly. Sour tastants are acids and belong to the thermoreceptor protein family. Binding of an acid or other sour-tasting molecule triggers a change in the ion channel and these increase hydrogen ion (H+). Q: In humans, there are five primary tastes, and each taste has only one corresponding type of what? Choices: - organ - neuron - membrane - receptor A:
A: receptor
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: The adult cells that form the butterfly begin growing in what developmental stage? Choices: - caterpillar - pupa - mitochondria - embryo A:
Answer: embryo
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: From the pharynx, the food moves into the esophagus. The esophagus is a long, narrow tube that passes food from the pharynx to the stomach by peristalsis. The esophagus has no other digestive functions. At the end of the esophagus, a muscle called a sphincter controls the entrance to the stomach. The sphincter opens to let food into the stomach and then closes again to prevent food from passing back into the esophagus. Q: What is the name of the muscle at the end of the esophagus? Choices: - neck - intestine - throat - sphincter A:
**Answer**
sphincter
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The rate at which a device changes electric current to another form of energy is called electric power . The SI unit of powerincluding electric poweris the watt. A watt equals 1 joule of energy per second. High wattages are often expressed in kilowatts, where 1 kilowatt equals 1000 watts. The power of an electric device, such as a microwave, can be calculated if you know the current and voltage of the circuit. This equation shows how power, current, and voltage are related:. Q: What term describes the rate at which a device changes electric current to another form of energy? Choices: - kilowatts - voltage - kinetic energy - electric power A:
A: electric power