Text: however, the research into alanine and its metabolism leaves much to be desired.

Correct capitalization: However, the research into alanine and its metabolism leaves much to be desired.

Text: all options which are dominated by at least one other option are discarded, and references to them in ballot papers will be ignored.

Correct capitalization: All options which are Dominated by at least one other option are discarded, and references to them in ballot papers will be ignored.

Text: martinus: the eternal world picture, vol. 2, sect. 19.21.

Correct capitalization: Martinus: The Eternal World Picture, vol. 2, sect. 19.21.

Text: other possibilities are too much calcium in the blood. a urinalysis will reveal calcium and phosphate levels.

Correct capitalization:
Other possibilities are too much calcium in the blood. A urinalysis will reveal calcium and phosphate levels.