In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.

[Q]: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Family Telephone Connection
Protection Act of 2005''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

The Congress finds that:
(1) The telephone is the primary method by which
individuals correspond and maintain contact with family members
who are incarcerated in correctional institutions.
(2) Except for emergency purposes, family members are not
allowed to call people incarcerated in correctional
institutions; incarcerated persons are typically allowed to
call family members and other pre-approved individuals only
through payphones physically located on the premises of
correctional institutions.
(3) Inmate telephone service in correctional institutions
often is limited to collect calling.
(4) Regardless of whether the prisoners' calls are placed
collect or through a debit account, the prisoners' family
members typically pay for the calls, either through their
telephone bills, in the case of collect calls received from
prisoners, or by making deposits directly into prisoners' debit
accounts.
(5) Innocent citizens are paying excessive telephone
charges simply due to having a family member or loved one who
is incarcerated.
(6) The rates for calls from correctional institutions are
some of the highest rates in the United States, with some per-
minute charges reaching $1 and service or connection charges of
$3.95 per call.
(7) Information compiled by the Congress and the Federal
Communications Commission shows that the high rates are due in
part to the lack of competition between telephone companies
that provide long distance inmate telephone service to
correctional institutions.
(8) There are no competitive forces providing incentives
for those carriers to lower prices or operate efficiently
because, unlike the mass market, only one carrier is typically
permitted to provide long distance inmate telephone service
within each correctional institution.
(9) High calling rates also are due in part to commissions
that carriers pay to correctional institution administrators
for the exclusive right to provide long distance inmate
telephone service in a correctional facility. In some cases,
such commissions account for 50 percent or more of the total
charges.
(10) The collection of such commissions by correctional
institution administrators and state departments of correction
based upon interstate telecommunications revenues is a burden
on interstate commerce.
(11) Due to the lack of competition for telephone services
within correctional institutions, families of people in prison,
many of whom have low incomes, cannot choose the long distance
carrier with the lowest calling rates and must pay the
excessive rates charged by the carrier having the exclusive
right to provide long distance service to the correctional
institution from which the call originates.
(12) It is the policy of the United States to ensure that
all Americans are afforded just and reasonable communications
services, including those families that pay rates for inmate
telephone service.
(13) It is clear from various studies that maintaining
frequent and meaningful communications between people who are
incarcerated and family members is key to the successful social
reintegration of formerly incarcerated individuals. Such
contact reduces recidivism and facilitates rehabilitation,
which in turn reduces crime and the future costs of
imprisonment.
(14) Frequent communications between incarcerated persons
and family members is burdened, and in some cases, prevented,
by excessive inmate telephone service rates. Excessive inmate
telephone service rates thus weaken the family and community
ties that are necessary for successful reentry into society by
persons who were formerly incarcerated and the reduction in
crime resulting from successful reentry.
(15) The Commission has the expertise and authority to
regulate inmate telephone service. Because parties to
Commission rulemaking proceedings have raised issues regarding
its authority to implement meaningful relief for excessive
inmate telephone service rates, Congress finds it necessary and
appropriate to reaffirm that the Commission has the authority
to implement the types of relief set forth in this Act.

SEC. 3. RESTRICTIONS ON THE PROVISION OF INMATE TELEPHONE SERVICE.

(a) Definitions.--Section 226(a) of the Communications Act of 1934
(47 U.S.C. 226(a)) is amended adding at the end the following new
paragraphs:
''(10) The term 'collect' or 'collect call' refers to a
telephone call from a person incarcerated in a correctional
institution that is billed to the subscriber receiving the
call.
''(11) The term 'commission' refers to a fee or other
payment by a provider of inmate telephone service to an
administrator of a correctional institution, department of
correction, or similar entity, based upon, or partly upon,
inmate telephone service revenue.
''(12) The term 'debit account' refers to the payment of
inmate telephone service through a prisoner's prepaid card or
other account, which can be accessed only through an access
code, personal identification number, or similar identifier.
''(13) The term 'inmate telephone service' includes the
provision of telephone service enabling persons incarcerated in
correctional institutions to originate interstate calls at
payphones or other telephones that are designated for
prisoners' personal use, regardless of whether the calls are
collect, paid through a debit account, or paid through any
other means.
''(14) The term 'provider of inmate telephone service'
means any common carrier that provides inmate telephone service
or any other person determined by the Commission to be
providing inmate telephone service.''.
(b) Regulations.--Section 226 is further amended--
(1) by redesignating subsection (i) as subsection (k); and
(2) inserting after subsection (h) the following new
subsections:
''(i) Regulation of Inmate Telephone Service.--
''(1) Rates.--In order to ensure that charges for inmate
telephone service are just, reasonable, and nondiscriminatory,
the Commission shall consider, either in a rulemaking
proceeding that is pending as of the date of enactment of the
Family Telephone Connection Protection Act of 2005 or in a new
rulemaking proceeding, the following types of regulation of
inmate telephone service, all of which are within the
Commission's jurisdiction and authority:
''(A) prescribing a maximum uniform per-minute
compensation rate;
''(B) prescribing a maximum uniform service
connection or other per-call compensation rate;
''(C) prescribing variable maximum compensation
rates depending on such factors as carrier costs, the
size of the correctional facility served, and other
relevant factors identified by the Commission;
''(D) requiring providers of inmate telephone
service to offer both collect calling and debit account
services;
''(E) prohibiting the payment of commissions by
providers of inmate telephone service to administrators
of correctional institutions, departments of
correction, and similar entities; and
''(F) requiring administrators of correctional
institutions, departments of correction, and similar
entities to allow more than one provider of inmate
telephone service to provide interstate inmate
telephone service at a correctional institution in
order that prisoners have a choice of such providers.
''(2) Scope.--The regulations adopted by the Commission
shall be technologically neutral and shall not jeopardize
legitimate security and penelogical interests. To the extent
the Commission regulations reduce or eliminate the revenue
derived by administrators of correctional institutions,
departments of correction, and similar entities from the
receipt of commissions, such effects of Commission regulations
shall not be considered as jeopardizing or otherwise affecting
legitimate security or penelogical interests.
''(3) Deadlines and periodic review.--The Commission shall
prescribe regulations to implement the provisions of this
subsection within one year after the date of enactment of the
Family Telephone Connection Protection Act of 2005. The
Commission shall review, on a triennial basis, the regulations
promulgated under this subsection, including whether any
Commission-established compensation rates should be modified.
''(4) State preemption.--To the extent that any State
requirements are inconsistent with the Commission's regulations
affecting or pertaining to interstate inmate telephone service,
including restrictions on the payment of commissions based upon
interstate inmate telephone service revenues or earnings, the
Commission's regulations on such matters shall preempt such
State requirements.
''(j) Inmate Telephone Service Fully Subject to Sections 251 and
252.--
''(1) Inmate telephone service is fully subject to the
requirements of sections 251 and 252 of this Act.
''(2) No provider of inmate telephone service may block or
otherwise refuse to carry a call placed by an incarcerated
person on the grounds that the provider has no contractual or
other arrangement with the local exchange carrier serving the
intended recipient of the call or other common carrier involved
in any portion of the transmission of the call.''.
[A]: Family Telephone Connection Protection Act of 2005 - Amends the Communications Act of 1934 to direct the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to consider the following types of regulation of inmate telephone service: (1) prescribing a maximum uniform per-minute rate (paid to telephone service providers); (2) prescribing a maximum uniform service connection or other per-call rate; (3) prescribing variable maximum rates depending on factors such as carrier costs or the size of the correctional facility; (4) requiring providers of inmate telephone service to offer both collect calling and debit account services; (5) prohibiting the payment of commissions by such providers to administrators of correctional facilities; and (6) requiring such administrators to allow more than one service provider at a facility so that prisoners have a choice.

[Q]: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Educational Technology Utilization
Extension Assistance Act''.

SEC. 2. PURPOSE.

It is the purpose of this Act to improve the utilization of
educational technologies in elementary and secondary education by
creating an educational technology extension service based at
undergraduate institutions of higher education.

SEC. 3. FINDINGS.

The Congress finds the following:
(1) Extension services such as the Manufacturing Extension
Partnership and the Agricultural Extension Service have proven
to be effective public/private partnerships to integrate new
technologies and to improve utilization of existing
technologies by small to medium sized manufacturers and the
United States agricultural community.
(2) Undergraduate institutions of higher education working
with non-profit organizations, State, and Federal agencies can
tailor educational technology extension programs to meet
specific local and regional requirements.
(3) Undergraduate institutions of higher education, often
with the assistance of the National Science Foundation, have
for the past 20 years been integrating educational technologies
into their curricula, and as such they can draw upon their own
experiences to advise elementary and secondary school educators
on ways to integrate a variety of educational technologies into
the educational process.
(4) Many elementary and secondary school systems,
particularly in rural and traditionally under served areas,
lack general information on the most effective methods to
integrate their existing technology infrastructure, as well as
new educational technology, into the educational process and
curriculum.
(5) Most Federal and State educational technology programs
have focused on acquiring educational technologies with less
emphasis on the utilization of those technologies in the
classroom and the training and infrastructural requirements
needed to efficiently support those types of technologies. As a
result, in many instances, the full potential of educational
technology has not been realized.
(6) Our global economy is increasingly reliant on a
workforce not only comfortable with technology, but also able
to integrate rapid technological changes into the production
process. As such, in order to remain competitive in a global
economy, it is imperative that we maintain a work-ready labor
force.
(7) According to ''Teacher Quality: A Report on the
Preparation and Qualifications of Public School Teacher'',
prepared by the Department of Education, only 1 in 5 teachers
felt they were well prepared to work in a modern classroom.
(8) The most common form of professional development for
teachers continue to be workshops that typically last no more
than one day and have little relevance to teachers' work in the
classroom.
(9) A 1998 national survey completed by the Department of
Education found that only 19 percent of teachers had been
formally mentored by another teacher, and that 70 percent of
these teachers felt that this collaboration was very helpful to
their teaching.

SEC. 4. PROGRAM AUTHORIZED.

(a) General Authority.--The Director of the National Science
Foundation, in cooperation with the Secretary of Education and the
Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, shall
provide assistance for the creation and support of regional centers for
the utilization of educational technologies (hereinafter in this Act
referred to as ''ETU Centers'').
(b) Functions of Centers.--
(1) Establishment.--ETU Centers may be established at any
institution of higher education, but such centers may include
the participation of non-profit entities, organizations, or
groups thereof.
(2) Objectives of centers.--The objective of the ETU
Centers is to enhance the utilization of educational
technologies in elementary and secondary education through--
(A) advising of elementary and secondary school
administrators, school boards, and teachers on the
adoption and utilization of new educational
technologies and the utility of local schools' existing
educational technology assets and infrastructure;
(B) participation of individuals from the private
sector, universities, State and local governments, and
other Federal agencies;
(C) active dissemination of technical and
management information about the use of educational
technologies; and
(D) utilization, where appropriate, of the
expertise and capabilities that exists in Federal
laboratories and Federal agencies.
(3) Activities of centers.--The activities of the ETU
Centers shall include the following:
(A) The active transfer and dissemination of
research findings and ETU Center expertise to local
school authorities, including but not limited to school
administrators, school boards, and teachers.
(B) The training of teachers in the integration of
local schools existing educational technology
infrastructure into their instructional design.
(C) The training and advising of teachers,
administrators, and school board members in the
acquisition, utilization, and support of educational
technologies.
(D) Support services to teachers, administrators,
and school board members as agreed upon by ETU Center
representatives and local school authorities.
(E) The advising of teachers, administrators, and
school board members on current skill set standards
employed by private industry.
(c) Program Administration.--
(1) Proposed rules.--The Director of the National Science
Foundation, after consultation with the Secretary of Education
and the Director of the National Institute of Standards and
Technology, shall publish in the Federal Register, within 90
days after the date of the enactment of this Act, a proposed
rules for the program for establishing ETU Centers, including--
(A) a description of the program;
(B) the procedure to be followed by applicant;
(C) the criteria for determining qualified
applicants; and
(D) the criteria, including those listed in the
following sections, for choosing recipients of
financial assistance under this section from among
qualified applicants.
(2) Final rules.--The Director of the National Science
Foundation shall publish final rules for the program under this
Act after the expiration of a 30-day comment period on such
proposed rules.
(d) Eligibility and Selection.--
(1) Applications required.--Any undergraduate institution
of higher education, consortia of such institutions, non-profit
organizations, or groups thereof may submit an application for
financial support under this section in accordance with the
procedures established under subsection (c). In order to
receive assistance under this Act, an applicant shall provide
adequate assurances that will contribute 50 percent or more of
the proposed Center's capital and annual operating and
maintenance costs.
(2) Selection.--The Director of the National Science
Foundation, in conjunction with the Secretary of Education and
the Director of the National Institute of Standards and
Technology, shall subject each application to competitive,
merit review. In making a decision whether to approve such
application and provide financial support under this section,
the Director of the National Science Foundation shall consider
at a minimum--
(A) the merits of the application, particularly
those portions of the application regarding the
adaption of training and educational technologies to
the needs of particular regions;
(B) the quality of service to be provided;
(C) the geographical diversity and extent of
service area, with particular emphasis on rural and
traditionally underdeveloped areas; and
(D) the percentage of funding and amount of in-kind
commitment from other sources.
(3) Evaluation.--Each ETU Center which receives financial
assistance under this section shall be evaluated during its
third year of operation by an evaluation panel appointed by the
Director of the National Science Foundation. Each evaluation
panel shall measure the involved Center's performance against
the objectives specified in this section. Funding for an ETU
Center shall not be renewed unless the evaluation is positive.

SEC. 6. DEFINITION.

As used in this Act, the term ''institution of higher education''
has the meaning given that term by section 101 of the Higher Education
Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001).
[A]: Educational Technology Utilization Extension Assistance Act - Requires the Director of the National Science Foundation (NSF), in cooperation with the Secretary of Education and the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), to provide assistance for the creation and support of regional centers for the utilization of educational technologies (ETU Centers). Allows ETU Centers to be established at any institution of higher education, and to include the participation of non-profit entities and organizations.
Requires ETU Centers to enhance the use of educational technologies in elementary and secondary education through: (1) advising school administrators, school boards, and teachers on adopting and using new educational technologies and the usefulness of local schools' existing educational technology assets and infrastructure; (2) participation of individuals from the private sector, universities, State and local governments, and other Federal agencies; (3) active dissemination of technical and management information about the use of educational technologies; and (4) appropriate use of the expertise and capabilities that exist in Federal laboratories and Federal agencies.
Requires ETU Centers' activities to include: (1) active transfer and dissemination of research findings and ETU Center expertise to local school authorities; (2) training teachers in integrating schools' existing educational technology infrastructure into their instructional design; (3) training and advising teachers, administrators, and school board members in acquiring, using, and supporting educational technologies; (4) support services to teachers, administrators, and school board members; and (5) advising teachers, administrators, and school board members on current skill set standards employed by private industry.
Sets forth requirements for program administration and application and selection procedures. Allows any undergraduate institution of higher education, consortia of such institutions and non-profit organizations to apply for financial support in accordance with the procedures. Requires each applicant to provide adequate assurances that it will contribute 50 percent or more of the proposed ETU Center's capital and annual operating and maintenance costs.
Requires the NSF Director, in conjunction with the Secretary of Education and the NIST Director, to subject each application to competitive merit review, including specified considerations. Requires each ETU Center to be evaluated during its third year of operation. Requires a positive evaluation for renewal of funding.

[Q]: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Justice for Victims of Fraud Act of
2016''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

The Congress finds the following:
(1) The Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection found that
Wells Fargo management implemented sales incentives, including
an incentive-compensation program, in part to increase the
number of banking products and services that its employees sold
to its customers.
(2) The Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection found that
Wells Fargo employees engaged in improper sales practices to
satisfy sales goals under Wells Fargo's incentive compensation
program, including opening as many as 1,534,280 checking
accounts and 565,443 credit card accounts using consumers'
information without their knowledge or consent between May 2011
and July 2015.
(3) Wells Fargo successfully claimed in Jabbari v. Wells
Fargo that customers had signed away their rights to hold Wells
Fargo accountable in court for claims of fraud because those
customers were bound to a forced arbitration clause for their
legitimate accounts.
(4) After Wells Fargo publicly entered a settlement with
Federal regulators for the opening of thousands of unauthorized
customer accounts, Wells Fargo claimed in Mitchell et. al. v.
Wells Fargo et. al. that customers' fraud claims must continue
to be forced into arbitration.
(5) Several courts have determined that despite claims of
fraud over unauthorized accounts opened without customer
knowledge or consent, those customers are still bound by
contracts forcing those claims into arbitration based on the
courts' interpretation of the Federal Arbitration Act.
(6) The Federal Arbitration Act (now codified as chapter 1
of title 9, United States Code) was intended to apply to
disputes between commercial entities of generally similar
sophistication and bargaining power, but a series of decisions
by the Supreme Court of the United States have interpreted the
Federal Arbitration Act as applicable to claims of fraud.
(7) Consumers have no meaningful choice whether to submit
their claims to arbitration and are typically unaware that they
have given up their rights to file claims in court.

SEC. 3. ARBITRATION OF CONSUMER DISPUTES RELATED TO CREDIT CARD
ACCOUNTS.

Chapter 2 of the Truth in Lending Act (15 U.S.C. 1631 et seq.) is
amended by adding at the end the following (and the table of contents
for such chapter is conformed accordingly):
''Sec. 140B. Validity and enforceability
''(a) Definitions.--In this section--
''(1) the term 'covered dispute' means a dispute that is
not subject to a final judgment by a court; and
''(2) the term 'predispute arbitration agreement' means any
agreement between a person and a consumer providing for
arbitration of any future dispute between the parties.
''(b) Validity and Enforceability.--No predispute arbitration
agreement shall be valid or enforceable in a covered dispute that is
related to a credit card that was not issued in response to a request
or application for that credit card account.
''(c) Applicability.--The applicability of this section to a
predispute arbitration agreement shall be determined by a State or
Federal court of competent jurisdiction.''.

SEC. 4. ARBITRATION OF CONSUMER DISPUTES RELATED TO COVERED ACCOUNTS.

The Electronic Fund Transfer Act (15 U.S.C. 1693 et seq.) is
amended by inserting after section 920 (15 U.S.C. 1693o-2) the
following:

''SEC. 920A. VALIDITY AND ENFORCEABILITY.

''(a) Definitions.--In this section--
''(1) the term 'covered account'--
''(A) means a demand deposit, savings deposit, or
other asset account (other than an occasional or
incidental credit balance in an open end credit plan as
defined in section 103(i)), as described in regulations
of the Bureau, established primarily for personal,
family, or household purposes, including demand
accounts, time accounts, negotiable order of withdrawal
accounts, and share draft accounts; and
''(B) does not include an account held by a
financial institution pursuant to a bona fide trust
agreement;
''(2) the term 'covered dispute' means a dispute that is
not subject to a final judgment by a court; and
''(3) the term 'predispute arbitration agreement' means any
agreement between a financial institution and a consumer
providing for arbitration of any future dispute between the
parties.
''(b) Validity and Enforceability.--No predispute arbitration
agreement shall be valid or enforceable in a covered dispute that is
related to a covered account that was not issued in response to a
request or application for that covered account.
''(c) Applicability.--The applicability of this section to a
predispute arbitration agreement shall be determined by a State or
Federal court of competent jurisdiction.''.

SEC. 5. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.

Nothing in the amendments made by this Act shall be construed--
(1) to authorize the imposition of a requirement to submit
a dispute to arbitration; or
(2) to restrict any court from ruling that a requirement to
submit a dispute to arbitration is invalid or unenforceable.
[A]:
Justice for Victims of Fraud Act of 2016 This bill amends the Truth in Lending Act and the Electronic Fund Transfer Act to prohibit predispute arbitration agreements with consumers (i.e., agreements to arbitrate any future disputes between parties instead of pursuing the claims in court) from being valid or enforceable in disputes related to credit card accounts or personal bank accounts that are not subject to a final judgment by a court if the credit card or bank account was not issued in response to a request or application for that account. The bill excludes from this prohibition accounts held by a financial institution pursuant to a bona fide trust agreement.