TASK DEFINITION: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
PROBLEM: Matousek developed a method for analyzing covered objects by taking the difference between two close measurements called the spatially-offset variety of spectroscopy named for this effect, which has another variety with competing explanations proposed by Albrecht and Creighton and by Jeanmaire and Van Duyne, and occurs on rough metal surfaces. Another form can, due to the properties of the Kramers-Heisenberg formula, dominate the x-ray fluorescence spectrum. This effect, which comes in the aforementioned surface-enhanced and resonance varieties, was discovered independently by Mandelstam and Landsburg. This process can be described as a photon exciting a molecule into a virtual energy state, and it sees energy either absorbed or released in its Stokes and anti-Stokes forms. For 10 points, name this process by which a photon is inelastically scattered.

SOLUTION: Science

PROBLEM: composer of this opera was convinced to pursue it by his friend Sybil Seligman, who commissioned a translation of its text. At one point, a character reads the Fifty-first Psalm of David, though the original text had a book entitled "Old Joe Miller's Jokes. " Another character expresses frustration in the first act by declaring "Che terra maledetta," after which the romantic conflict is established by the aria "Chi c'e per farmi I ricci" In the second act, another character's knowledge of Nina Micheltorena is asked into by Ashby, and later that character sings the aria "Ch'ella mi creda libero. " Based on a play by David Belasco, it also features Wowkle and Billy, who are urged to marry in a church, and Jim Larkens who simply longs to go home. Ramirez is the secret identity of Dick Johnson, who is saved by his beloved Minnie. FTP, name this opera set in the American west, by Puccini.

SOLUTION: Fine Arts

PROBLEM: The Act of Seclusion barred this man from holding office in one nation. Daniel Defoe wrote The True-Born Englishman in defense of this man. This man defeated much of his opposition with a victory at the Battle of the Boyne, and he agreed to the Bill of Rights. For 10 points, name this king of England who took power in the Glorious Revolution along with his wife Mary.

SOLUTION:
History