Answer the following question given this paragraph: The menstrual cycle includes events that take place in the ovary, such as ovulation. It also includes changes in the uterus, including menstruation. Menopause occurs when menstruation stops occurring, usually in middle adulthood. Q: At what time of life does menopause occur? Choices: - old age - young adulthood - adolescence - in middle adulthood A:
in middle adulthood
(Question)
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Sponges are filter feeders. They pump water into their body through their pores. The water flows through a large central cavity called the spongocoel (see Figure above ). As the water flows by, specialized collar cells filter out food particles such as bacteria. Collar cells have tiny hairs that trap the particles. They also have a flagellum that whips the water and keeps it moving. Once the food is trapped, the collar cells digest it (see Figure below ). Cells called amebocytes also help digest the food. They distribute the nutrients to the rest of the body as well. Finally, the water flows back out of the body through an opening called the osculum. As water flows through the sponge, oxygen diffuses from the water to the sponge's cells. The cells also expel wastes into the water for removal through the osculum. Q: Filter feeders, such as sponges, pump water into their body through what structures? Choices: - fibers - lungs - valves - pores A:
(Answer)
pores
Ques: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Now we move on to recycle. Sometimes it may be difficult to understand the differences between reusing and recycling. Recycling involves processing used materials in order to make them suitable for other uses. That usually means taking a used item, breaking it down, and reusing the pieces. Even though recycling requires extra energy, it does often make use of items which are broken, worn out, or cannot be reused. Q: What is the process of processing used material into new ones called? Choices: - remake - renew - reuse - recycling A:
Ans: recycling
(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Human earlobes may be attached or free. You inherited the particular shape of your earlobes from your parents. Inherited traits are influenced by genes, which are passed on to offspring and future generations. Things not influenced by genes are not passed on to your offspring. Natural selection only operates on traits like earlobe shape that have a genetic basis, not on traits that are acquired, like a summer tan. Q: The shape of earlobes is an example of what kind of trait, which is influenced by genes and passed along through generations? Choices: - instinct - acquired trait - genetic disorder - inherited trait A:
(A).
inherited trait
Ques:Answer the following question given this paragraph: 17.2 | Mapping Genomes By the end of this section, you will be able to: Define genomics Describe genetic and physical maps Describe genomic mapping methods Genomics is the study of entire genomes, including the complete set of genes, their nucleotide sequence and organization, and their interactions within a species and with other species. Genome mapping is the process of finding the locations of genes on each chromosome. The maps created by genome mapping are comparable to the maps that we use to navigate streets. A genetic map is an illustration that lists genes and their location on a chromosome. Genetic maps provide the big picture (similar to a map of interstate highways) and use genetic markers (similar to landmarks). A genetic marker is a gene or sequence on a chromosome that co-segregates (shows genetic linkage) with a specific trait. Early geneticists called this linkage analysis. Physical maps present the intimate details of smaller regions of the chromosomes (similar to a detailed road map). A physical map is a representation of the physical distance, in nucleotides, between genes or genetic markers. Both genetic linkage maps and physical maps are required to build a complete picture of the genome. Having a complete map of the genome makes it easier for researchers to study individual genes. Human genome maps help researchers in their efforts to identify human disease-causing genes related to illnesses like cancer, heart disease, and cystic fibrosis. Genome mapping can be used in a variety of other applications, such as using live microbes to clean up pollutants or even prevent pollution. Research involving plant genome mapping may lead to producing higher crop yields or developing plants that better adapt to climate change. Q: What term describes a gene or sequence on a chromosome that co-segregates (shows genetic linkage) with a specific trait? Choices: - nucleic acid chain - analogous effect - autosomal - genetic marker A:

Ans:genetic marker
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Superposition refers to the position of rock layers and their relative ages ( Figure below ). Relative age means age in comparison with other rocks, either younger or older. The relative ages of rocks are important for understanding Earth's history. New rock layers are always deposited on top of existing rock layers. Therefore, deeper layers must be older than layers closer to the surface. This is the law of superposition. Q: Deeper layers of rock must be older than layers closer to the surface, this is the law of what? Choices: - erosion - diffraction - flux - superposition A:
superposition