Summarize:

Surgical treatment may be ideal for some back problems. For example, if your dachshund has IVDD that has not responded to medical therapy, then your vet would perform a surgery to remove the extruded disc material. This would decrease pressure on the spinal cord and allow it to heal. Surgery may be possible to remove a tumor, depending on its size and location. If your dachshund has spinal trauma, immediate surgery may help; however, the trauma (and other injuries) may be too severe for your dachshund to withstand surgery. Your vet will discuss all surgical options with you and let you know if your dachshund would be able to handle the surgery. Your vet may refer you to a veterinary neurosurgeon. If your dachshund has surgery, then you will need to care for her at home to ensure she has a full recovery. In general, at-home care involves pain reduction, exercise restriction, and physical therapy (if possible). Realize that a successful surgical outcome (e.g., pain relief, ability to walk) may not be apparent for several days to weeks after surgery. You may have to express your dachshund's bladder after surgery. Your vet can show you how to do this. If your dachshund's back problem has left his rear legs paralyzed, he may need a doggie wheelchair so he can get around. As your dachshund recovers from surgery, he may no longer need the wheelchair. Ask your vet for recommendations on wheelchairs and how to use one.
Discuss surgical options with your vet. Care for your dachshund after surgery. Consider purchasing a doggie wheelchair for your dachshund.