Answer the following question given this paragraph: Carl Woese and the Phylogenetic Tree In the past, biologists grouped living organisms into five kingdoms: animals, plants, fungi, protists, and bacteria. The organizational scheme was based mainly on physical features, as opposed to physiology, biochemistry, or molecular biology, all of which are used by modern systematics. The pioneering work of American microbiologist Carl Woese in the early 1970s has shown, however, that life on Earth has evolved along three lineages, now called domainsBacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. The first two are prokaryotic cells with microbes that lack membrane-enclosed nuclei and organelles. The third domain contains the eukaryotes and includes unicellular microorganisms together with the four original kingdoms (excluding bacteria). Woese defined Archaea as a new domain, and this resulted in a new taxonomic tree (Figure 1.17). Many organisms belonging to the Archaea domain live under extreme conditions and are called extremophiles. To construct his tree, Woese used genetic relationships rather than similarities based on morphology (shape). Woese's tree was constructed from comparative sequencing of the genes that are universally distributed, present in every organism, and conserved (meaning that these genes have remained essentially unchanged throughout evolution). Woese's approach was revolutionary because comparisons of physical features are insufficient to differentiate between the prokaryotes that appear fairly similar in spite of their tremendous biochemical diversity and genetic variability (Figure 1.18). The comparison of homologous DNA and RNA sequences provided Woese with a sensitive device that revealed the extensive variability of prokaryotes, and which justified the separation of the prokaryotes into two domains: bacteria and archaea. Q: In the past, biologists grouped living organisms into five kingdoms: animals, plants, fungi, protists, and what? Choices: - trees - pathogens - lizards - bacteria A:
bacteria
(Question)
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Mineral crystals that form when magma cools are usually larger than crystals that form when lava cools. Q: Mineral crystals that form when magma cools are usually _______ than crystals that form when lava cools. Choices: - older - denser - smaller - larger A:
(Answer)
larger
Ques: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: What process consists of the mechanisms that produce an observed pattern of change? Choices: - repetition - variation - cycle - evolution A:
Ans: evolution
(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Ovulation, the release of an egg from the ovary, occurs at about the midpoint of the cycle. This would be around day 14 of a 28 day cycle. The egg is swept into the fallopian tube. If sperm is present, fertilization may occur. As sperm can only survive in the fallopian tube for up to a few days, fertilization can only occur within those few days post-ovulation. Q: Ovulation is the release of an egg from the what? Choices: - fallopian tubes - cervix - vagina - ovary A:
(A).
ovary
Ques:Answer the following question given this paragraph: Today, we known that characteristics of organisms are controlled by genes on chromosomes (see Figure below ). The position of a gene on a chromosome is called its locus . In sexually reproducing organisms, each individual has two copies of the same gene, as there are two versions of the same chromosome ( homologous chromosomes ). One copy comes from each parent. The gene for a characteristic may have different versions, but the different versions are always at the same locus. The different versions are called alleles . For example, in pea plants, there is a purple-flower allele ( B ) and a white-flower allele ( b ). Different alleles account for much of the variation in the characteristics of organisms. Q: Locus refers to the position of what on a chromosome, which controls the characteristics of an organism? Choices: - genome - gamete - rna - gene A:

Ans:gene
Ques: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The dermis is the lower layer of the skin, located directly beneath the epidermis (see Figure below ). It is made of tough connective tissue and attached to the epidermis by collagen fibers. The dermis contains blood vessels and nerve endings. Because of the nerve endings, skin can feel touch, pressure, heat, cold, and pain. The dermis also contains hair follicles and two types of glands. Q: What layer of skin is located right beneath the epidermis? Choices: - cusps - scars - humus - dermis A:
Ans:
dermis