Problem: Process: - Limestone is located under the soil - Rain picks up carbon dioxide as it falls to earth - The rain falls on the soil over the limestone - The carbon dioxide in the rain washes through the soil - The carbon dioxide turns into acid - The acid in the rain gets to the limestone below the soil - The acid dissolves the limestone - Acid continues to erode the limestone with more rain over time - The eroded limestone sometimes forms caves. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose eating less fatty food happens, how will it affect LESS or SMALLER caverns. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?

A: no

Problem: Process: - Animals and plants die in soft soil or mud - Sediment builds up over the remains - The remains decompose, leaving only trace amounts - The remaining parts over the years are replaced with mineral - A fossil is formed - Perturbation hypothesis: suppose animals on a flood plain happens, how will it affect less animals sinking to the bottom. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?

A: yes

Problem: Process: - Bacteria enters the body - Bloodstream - Cells in the body are attacked - Cells are killed - Different kinds of sickness are formed. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose the train needs more power to go up a steep hill happens, how will it affect more bacteria enters the body. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?

A: no

Problem: Process: - There is a rain cloud in the sky - Small bits of ice within the cloud bump each other - The collisions create electrical charge - Lighter, positively charged particles sink to the bottom of the cloud - Heavier, negatively charges particles rise to the top - When the positive and negative charges grow large enough, a giant spark, called lightning occurs - Perturbation hypothesis: suppose less fossil fuels are burned happens, how will it affect LESS or LESS POWERFUL lightning. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?

A:
no