Information: - Anisakis is a genus of parasitic nematodes , which have life cycles involving fish and marine mammals . They are infective to humans and cause anisakiasis . People who produce immunoglobulin E in response to this parasite may subsequently have an allergic reaction , including anaphylaxis , after eating fish that have been infected with Anisakis species . - White blood cells (WBCs), also called leukocytes or leucocytes, are the cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders. All white blood cells are produced and derived from multipotent cells in the bone marrow known as hematopoietic stem cells. Leukocytes are found throughout the body, including the blood and lymphatic system. - Plasmodium falciparum is a protozoan parasite, one of the species of "Plasmodium" that cause malaria in humans. It is transmitted by the female "Anopheles" mosquito. This species causes the disease's most dangerous form, malignant or falciparum malaria. It has the highest complication rates and mortality. Around the world, malaria is the most significant parasitic disease of humans and claims the lives of more children worldwide than any other infectious disease. - Fasciola hepatica, also known as the common liver fluke or sheep liver fluke, is a parasitic trematode (fluke or flatworm, a type of helminth) of the class Trematoda, phylum Platyhelminthes. It infects the livers of various mammals, including humans. The disease caused by the fluke is called fasciolosis or fascioliasis, which is a type of helminthiasis and has been classified as a neglected tropical disease. Fasciolosis is currently classified as a plant/food-borne trematode infection, often acquired through eating the parasite metacercariae encysted on plants. "F. hepatica" which is distributed worldwide has been known as an important parasite of sheep and cattle for many years and causes great economic losses to these livestock species, up to 23 million in the UK alone. Because of its size and economic importance, it has been the subject of many scientific investigations and may be the best-known of any trematode species. "F. hepatica's" closest relative is "Fasciola gigantica". These two flukes are sister species; they share many morphological features and can mate with each other. - Anaphylaxis is a serious allergic reaction that is rapid in onset and may cause death. It typically causes more than one of the following: an itchy rash, throat or tongue swelling, shortness of breath, vomiting, lightheadedness, and low blood pressure. These symptoms typically come on over minutes to hours. Common causes include insect bites and stings, foods, and medications. Other causes include latex exposure and exercise. Additionally cases may occur without an obvious reason. The mechanism involves the release of mediators from certain types of white blood cells triggered by either immunologic or non-immunologic mechanisms. Diagnosis is based on the presenting symptoms and signs after exposure to a potential allergen. The primary treatment of anaphylaxis is epinephrine injection into a muscle, intravenous fluids, and positioning the person flat. Additional doses of epinephrine may be required. Other measures, such as antihistamines and steroids, are complementary. Carrying an epinephrine autoinjector and identification regarding the condition is recommended in people with a history of anaphylaxis. Worldwide, 0.052% of the population is estimated to experience anaphylaxis at some point in life. Rates appear to be increasing. It occurs most often in young people and females. Of people who go to a hospital with anaphylaxis in the United States about 0.3% die. The term comes from the , and the . - Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a type of antibody (or immunoglobulin (Ig) "isotype") that has only been found in mammals. IgE is synthesised by plasma cells. Monomers of IgE consist of two heavy chains ( chain) and two light chains, with the chain containing 4 Ig-like constant domains (C1-C4). IgE's main function is immunity to parasites such as helminths like "Schistosoma mansoni", "Trichinella spiralis", and "Fasciola hepatica". IgE is utilized during immune defense against certain protozoan parasites such as "Plasmodium falciparum". After reading the paragraphs above, we are interested in knowing the entity with which 'anisakis' exhibits the relationship of 'medical specialty'. Find the answer from the choices below. Choices: - infection - infectious disease
The answer to this question is:
infectious disease