Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
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Question: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is associated with myocardial scarring and ventricular tachycardia (VT). Contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CE-CMR) can quantify myocardial scar, and scar imaging has been documented in patients with HCM. We investigated the assessment of myocardial scar in HCM patients using CE-CMR, and its correlation with proven VT.', 'Twenty-five patients (mean age 54 +/- 8) with HCM who underwent CE-CMR were identified, and clinical data obtained from chart review. Parameters of LV function were calculated from cine imaging, and myocardial scar was assessed using delayed enhancement imaging following gadolinium administration.', 'Myocardial scar was detected in 16 (64%) patients with a mean mass 9 +/- 15 g. Scar was patchy, mid-myocardial and located in the basal anteroseptum, and RV insertion sites. Scar was seen in septal, apical and concentric variants of HCM. Scar mass correlated with both LV Mass (r2 = 0.74) and maximal LV wall thickness (r2 = 0.42). VT occurred in 32% of patients, and was associated with both increased scar mass and wall thickness compared to non-VT patients (21 +/- 22 g vs. 4 +/- 6 g, and 2.4 +/- 0.5 cm vs. 1.8 +/- 0.5 cm, p < 0.05). LV size and function were similar in patients with and without VT. A scar mass of >7 g predicted the presence of VT with a sensitivity of 75% and specificity 82%.

Answer: 0

Question: One-fifth of patients with seemingly 'curable' pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) experience an early recurrence and death, receiving no definable benefit from a major operation. Some patients with advanced stage tumors are deemed 'unresectable' by conventional staging criteria (e.g. liver metastasis), yet progress slowly. Effective biomarkers that stratify PDA based on biologic behavior are needed. To help researchers sort through the maze of biomarker data, a compendium of 2500 published candidate biomarkers in PDA was compiled (PLoS Med, 2009. 6(4) p. e1000046).", 'Building on this compendium, we constructed a survival tissue microarray (termed s-TMA) comprised of short-term (cancer-specific death <12 months, n=58) and long-term survivors (>30 months, n=79) who underwent resection for PDA (total, n=137). The s-TMA functions as a biological filter to identify bona fide prognostic markers associated with survival group extremes (at least 18 months separate survival groups). Based on a stringent selection process, 13 putative PDA biomarkers were identified from the public biomarker repository. Candidates were tested against the s-TMA by immunohistochemistry to identify the best markers of tumor biology. In a multivariate model, MUC1 (odds ratio, OR=28.95, 3+ vs. negative expression, p=0.004) and MSLN (OR=12.47, 3+ vs. negative expression, p=0.01) were highly predictive of early cancer-specific death. By comparison, pathologic factors (size, lymph node metastases, resection margin status, and grade) had ORs below three, and none reached statistical significance. ROC curves were used to compare the four pathologic prognostic features (ROC area=0.70) to three univariate molecular predictors (MUC1, MSLN, MUC2) of survival group (ROC area=0.80, p=0.07).

Answer: 0

Question: Growth factors affect the complex cascade of wound healing; however, interaction between different growth factors during dermal and epidermal regeneration are still not entirely defined. In the present study, we thought to determine the interaction between keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) administered as liposomal cDNA with other dermal and epidermal growth factors and collagen synthesis in an acute wound.', 'Rats received an acute wound and were divided into two groups to receive weekly subcutaneous injections of liposomes plus the Lac-Z gene (0.22 microg, vehicle), or liposomes plus the KGF cDNA (2.2 microg) and Lac-Z gene (0.22 microg). Histological and immunohistochemical techniques were used to determine growth factor, collagen expression, and dermal and epidermal structure.', 'KGF cDNA increased insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF), decreased transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), while it had no effect on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) levels in the wound. KGF cDNA significantly increased collagen Type IV at both the wound edge as well as the wound bed, while it had no effect on collagen Type I and III. KGF cDNA increased re-epithelialization, improved dermal regeneration, and increased neovascularization.

Answer:
0