In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
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Question: Matousek developed a method for analyzing covered objects by taking the difference between two close measurements called the spatially-offset variety of spectroscopy named for this effect, which has another variety with competing explanations proposed by Albrecht and Creighton and by Jeanmaire and Van Duyne, and occurs on rough metal surfaces. Another form can, due to the properties of the Kramers-Heisenberg formula, dominate the x-ray fluorescence spectrum. This effect, which comes in the aforementioned surface-enhanced and resonance varieties, was discovered independently by Mandelstam and Landsburg. This process can be described as a photon exciting a molecule into a virtual energy state, and it sees energy either absorbed or released in its Stokes and anti-Stokes forms. For 10 points, name this process by which a photon is inelastically scattered.

Answer: Science

Question: A character created by this author socializes with Billy through sex with Billy's sister Trudy. In a story by this author, one character achieves masculinity by shooting a lion right before he is shot by his wife; that story features a triangle between Margot, Wilson, and Francis Macomber. His works often feature the theme of "nada" and follow the iceberg theory in omitting detail. He created a character who escapes the battle police and falls in love with Catherine Barkley, and he quoted Gertrude Stein on the Lost Generation for one novel's epitaph. For 10 points, name this writer who created Frederic Henry and Jake Barnes in A Farewell to Arms and The Sun Also Rises.

Answer: Literature

Question: The square of this quantity's operator is the Casimir invariant of the SO(3) Lie Algebra, and this quantity is crossed to p in the definition of the Laplace-Runge-Lenz vector. Yrast refers to a minimum of energy for a given value of this quantity, which is often added using expansion coefficients named for Clebsch and Gordan. Often specified using term symbols, two types of it are coupled in heavy atoms by JJ-coupling or in lighter ones by Russell-Saunders coupling. It is the Noether charge associated with rotational invariance, and this quantity's derivative with respect to time is equal to the net torque. For ten points, identify this quantity which comes in orbital and spin types and is equal to moment of inertia times angular velocity.

Answer:
Science