TASK DEFINITION: Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
PROBLEM: Despite the clinical efficacy of recombinant human erythropoietin (RHE) on chemotherapy-induced anemia, most cost-effectiveness studies have given unfavorable results.', 'To determine the cost of managing anemia in unselected patients receiving chemotherapy for lung cancer, and the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of RHE.', 'We constructed Markov models of two cohorts of patients who received (n=94) or did not receive (n=89) darbepoetin (one weekly injection when the hemoglobin level fell below 11 g/dl), focusing on changes in hemoglobin levels, transfusion requirements, anemia management costs, and the cost-effectiveness ratios of the two management strategies.', 'The use of RHE significantly reduced the proportion of patients needing transfusions (from 33.6% to 19.1%, p<0.05) and the number of red cell units used by transfusion (from 2.97+/-1.47 to 2.11+/-0.47, p<0.01). Markov modeling showed that the RHE strategy significantly increased the mean Hb level (13+/-0.5 g/dl versus 11.9+/-1g/dl, p<0.001), at the price of an increase in the main cost (respectively, US$ 1732+/-897 and 996+/-643; p<0.01). The cost-effectiveness ratio favored the RHE strategy (7.02 versus 9.04). Sensitivity analysis showed that the RHE strategy remained dominant in most situations.

SOLUTION: Is routine once-weekly darbepoetin alfa administration cost-effective in lung cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced anemia : a Markov analysis?

PROBLEM: Beta blockers and calcium antagonists are widely used in the management of angina pectoris in the belief that the combination is more efficacious than either drug alone.', 'This double blind randomised crossover placebo controlled study compares the effects of nicardipine, atenolol and their combination in 30 patients with chronic stable angina. Each treatment period lasted 6 weeks with dose titration after 3 weeks. Symptom limited treadmill exercise testing and radionuclide ventriculography at rest was carried out at the end of each treatment period.', 'Total exercise duration and time to 1-mm ST-segment depression was significantly prolonged by nicardipine and atenolol when compared to placebo, the combination offered no additional benefit. Time to onset of angina was significantly prolonged by nicardipine and the combination but not by atenolol. Indices of left ventricular function were not significantly affected by any treatment other than an increase in left ventricular end diastolic volume on atenolol and the combination.

SOLUTION: Is atenolol or nicardipine alone as efficacious in stable angina as their combination : a double blind randomised trial?

PROBLEM: To test device integrity and objective auditory reaction for cochlear implant patients intraoperatively.', 'Our protocol for intraoperative testing of the implant device includes device electrode impedance test and neural response telemetry (NRT), which measures the electrically evoked auditory nerve compound action potentials (ECAP).', 'We completed electrode integrity tests and NRT intraoperatively on 40 patients with the Nucleus CI24M cochlear implant. We have measured normal implant function on all 40 patients and obtained ECAP results from 39 patients. Out of 33 patients with normal inner ear, typical ECAPs were recorded in 195 electrodes in all 198 testing electrodes(98.5%). In 7 patients with inner ear Mondini dysphasia, affirmative ECAP waveforms were recorded in 26 electrodes in all 42 testing electrodes. The basal electrode ECAP threshold was higher than that of the epical one.

SOLUTION:
Do [ The intraoperative application of neural response telemetry with the nucleus CI24M cochlear implant ]?