Q: CHAPTER XIII.

ALBUERA.

Very heavily did five months in the lines of Torres Vedras pass to the Norfolk Rangers. When, in the beginning of November, Massena fell back to Sautarem, the greater portion of the army followed him in readiness for attack should any openings be found. Massena, however, entrenched himself in a very strong position, and Wellington could no more attack him than he could attack the lines of Torres Vedras; so that both armies faced each other in inactivity until the beginning of March, when Massena broke up his camp and began to retreat.

The Norfolk Rangers had been one of the regiments which had remained in their quarters on Torres Vedras throughout the winter, and great was the joy with which they received orders to strike their tents and push on in pursuit. The retreat of Massena was masterly. Ney's division covered the rear, and several sharp fights took place which are known in history as the combats of Pombal, Redinha, Cazal Nova, Foz d'Aronce, and Sabugal.

In most of these the enemy were driven from their position by the British outflanking them and threatening their line of retreat; but in the last, by a mistake of General Erskine, a portion of his division attacked the enemy in rear, and, although vastly outnumbered, drove him off from the crest he held with desperate valor. Wellington himself said, "This was one of the most glorious actions British troops were ever engaged in."

The next day the French crossed the Coa and Turones, and took up their position under the guns of Ciudad Rodrigo, which they had left six months before with the full assurance that they were going to conquer Portugal, and drive the British into the sea. The invasion cost Massena thirty thousand men, killed in battle, taken prisoners, or dead from hardships, fatigues and fevers.

1. The Norfolk Rangers
2. Torres Vedras
3. yes
4. to strike their tents and push on
5. Ney's division
6. several sharp fights took place
7. yes
8. the combats of Pombal and Redinha, Cazal Nova
9. from November until March
10. unknown
11. Massena broke up his camp
12. to retreat
13. the British outflanking them
14. yes
15. General Erskine
16. drove him off from the crest he held
17. the enemy
18. Wellington
19. unknown
20. thirty thousand

Numbered questions:
1. Who remained in their quaters throughout the winter?
2. Where was it?
3. Were they happy to receive orders?
4. What were the orders?
5. Who covered the back?
6. What happened there?
7. Are these documented?
8. What are they known as?
9. How long were they at Torres?
10. Did the time pass quickly?
11. What happened in March?
12. To do what?
13. What was the driving force of the enemies?
14. Were they threatened?
15. Who made a mistake?
16. What was the result?
17. Who did?
18. Who declared it to be glorious?
19. How many men were killed in the battle?
20. How many men were somehow affected?

Q: CHAPTER XXIII.

STRANGE DISCOVERIES.

Frank Massanet was surprised and delighted to have Richard come to work again.

"You have indeed a good friend in Mr. Joyce," he remarked when the boy had told him what the leather merchant had done. "One such is worth a thousand of the common sort."

During the afternoon Earle Norris had occasion to come up to the stock- room. He started back upon seeing Richard at work.

"Why, I thought you had taken a vacation!" he exclaimed.

"So I did--for an hour," replied Richard, and without further words went on with his work.

"Why, I thought--" began the shipping-clerk.

"What did you think?" demanded Frank, coming forward.

"Why I--I----" stammered Norris. "What business is it of _yours_?" he added rudely.

"You thought he was discharged," went on Frank. "You've been trying your best to get him discharged."

"Who says so?" demanded Norris, but he turned slightly pale as he uttered the words. "I say so. I don't understand your scheme, but that's what you are trying to do; and I warn you that you had better quit it."

It was seldom that Frank Massanet spoke in such an arbitrary way, yet it was plain to see that he meant every word he said.

"You're mistaken," returned Norris, hardly knowing how to reply. "But it's only natural that you should stick up for your mother's boarders. They help support the family, I suppose."

And with this parting shot the shipping-clerk hurried below.

In the middle of the afternoon Mr. Mann sent for Richard and asked the boy to accompany him to an office on lower Broadway.

1. Mr. Mann
2. In the middle of the afternoon
3. accompany him to an office
4. on lower Broadway.
5. Frank Massanet
6. Richard
7. Richard
8. surprised and delighted
9. yes
10. "he had taken a vacation
11. he was discharged
12. he's been tryng to get him discharged
13. Frank
14. yes
15. it turned pale
16. yds
17. no
18. a leather merchant
19. Frank
20. Richard

Numbered questions:
1. Who wanted to see Richard?
2. When?
3. What does he want Richard to do?
4. Where?
5. Whose mother has renters?
6. Who is one of them?
7. Who came back to work?
8. How does Frank feel about that?
9. Was Earle surprised to see him?
10. What did he claim he thought happened to Richard?
11. What did he really think?
12. Why?
13. Who accuses him of that?
14. Does he deny it?
15. what happens to his face?
16. Does Frank threaten Norris?
17. Does Frank always talk like that?
18. Who is Mr. Joyce?
19. Who says he's a good friend?
20. To who?

Q: White is the lightest (brightest) color; it is the color of objects that reflect and scatter all visible wavelengths of light without absorbing any, so it imparts no hue to the light, meaning it is achromatic like black (it's opposite) and the grays. It is the color of chalk and many bleached materials such as paper when they do not have added colorant.

According to surveys in Europe and the United States, white is the color most often associated with perfection, the good, honesty, cleanliness, the beginning, the new, neutrality, and exactitude. White is an important color for almost all world religions. The Pope, the head of the Roman Catholic Church, has worn white since 1566, as a symbol of purity and sacrifice. In Islam, and in the Shinto religion of Japan, it is worn by pilgrims; and by the Brahmins in India. In Western cultures and in Japan, white is the most common color for wedding dresses, symbolizing purity and virginity. In many Asian cultures, white is also the color of mourning.

In ancient Egypt and ancient Rome, priestesses wore white as a symbol of purity, and Romans wore a white toga as a symbol of citizenship. In the Middle Ages and Renaissance a white unicorn symbolized chastity, and a white lamb sacrifice and purity. It was the royal color of the Kings of France, and of the monarchist movement that opposed the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War (19171922). Greek and Roman temples were faced with white marble, and beginning in the 18th century, with the advent of neoclassical architecture, white became the most common color of new churches, capitols and other government buildings, especially in the United States. It was also widely used in 20th century modern architecture as a symbol of modernity and simplicity.

1. White.
2. No.
3. Citizenship.
4. Perfection.
5. Yes.
6. The Pope.
7. 1566.
8. Pilgrims.
9. The Brahmins.
10. Wedding dresses.
11. Purity.
12. Virginity.
13. During mourning.
14. The Kings of France.
15. The one that opposed the Bolsheviks.
16. The Russian Civil War.
17. Temples.
18. Government buildings.
19. Churches.
20. Modernity and simplicity.

Numbered questions:
1. What color is the symbol of purity?
2. is this a really dark color?
3. What did a white toga symbolize in Rome?
4. What is another thing it is associated with in Western cultures?
5. Is it important for religion?
6. what well known leader wears this color?
7. from what year has he worn it?
8. In Japanese culture who wears it?
9. What about in Indian cuture?
10. what popular dress uses it?
11. And what does it symbolize?
12. anything else?
13. when would some people in Asia wear it?
14. what royalty wore it as their "color"?
15. Which opposition party wore it?
16. during what conflict?
17. what is an important structure that uses it on the outside?
18. what is a modern structure that uses it?
19. any other structures?
20. what does it symbolize in the twentieth century?