Premise: And his headquarters in the fertile Santa Cruz Valley was a ranch which was also a fort, a fort even the Apaches avoided after they had suffered two overwhelming defeats there.

Hypothesis: The Apaches feared the potential new weapons in the Santa Cruz Valley fort.
Answer: it is not possible to tell

Premise: After the war, in 1949, the Dodecanese islands finally became part of the Greek nation.

Hypothesis: The Dodecanese islands became part of Greece in 1949.
Answer: yes

Premise: Mount Sinai has drawn pilgrims for generations and it was endowed with a Christian place of worship as early as a.d. 527, when Emperor Justinian built a small orthodox monastery in the lea of the mountain surrounded by sheer rock faces.

Hypothesis: Emperor Justinian once visited Mount Sinai to pray there.
Answer: it is not possible to tell

Premise: On the one hand, anarchy engulfs Sudan, Zaire, and other nations, and this chaos helps spread nasty diseases (malaria, cholera, AIDS, etc.) around the world.

Hypothesis: Malaria, cholera, and AIDS are nasty contagious diseases that can be spread around the world.
Answer: yes