Q: The House of Habsburg, also called House of Austria, was one of the most influential and outstanding royal houses of Europe. The throne of the Holy Roman Empire was continuously occupied by the Habsburgs between 1438 and 1740. The house also produced emperors and kings of the Kingdom of Bohemia, Kingdom of England ("Jure uxoris" King), Kingdom of Germany, Kingdom of Hungary, Kingdom of Croatia, Second Mexican Empire, Kingdom of Ireland ("Jure uxoris" King), Kingdom of Portugal, and Spain, as well as rulers of several Dutch and Italian principalities. From the 16th century, following the reign of Charles V, the dynasty was split between its Austrian and Spanish branches. Although they ruled distinct territories, they nevertheless maintained close relations and frequently intermarried.

The House takes its name from Habsburg Castle, a fortress built in the 1020s in present-day Switzerland, in the canton of Aargau, by Count Radbot of Klettgau, who chose to name his fortress Habsburg. His grandson Otto II was the first to take the fortress name as his own, adding "Count of Habsburg" to his title. The House of Habsburg gathered dynastic momentum through the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries.

By 1276, Count Radbot's seventh generation descendant Rudolph of Habsburg had moved the family's power base from Habsburg Castle to the Duchy of Austria. Rudolph had become King of Germany in 1273, and the dynasty of the House of Habsburg was truly entrenched in 1276 when Rudolph became ruler of Austria, which the Habsburgs ruled until 1918.

Answer the following questions:
1. Where is the House of Habsburg?
2. Where is it?
3. What else is it known by?
4. Where does it get it's name?
5. Where is that?
6. In which part?
7. Who named it?
8. Was it his?
9. When was it built?
10. Who decided to make Habsburg part of his name?
11. Was he related to the Count?
12. What did he add to his own name?
13. Who moved the family?
14. Which generation was he from?
15. Where did they move to?
16. When?
17. Did Rudolph become a King
18. Where?
19. When?
20. What was he in 1276?
A: 1. most influential and outstanding royal houses of Europe
2. Europe
3. House of Austria
4. Habsburg Castle
5. Switzerland
6. canton of Aargau
7. Count Radbot of Klettgau
8. yes
9. 1020s
10. Otto II
11. His grandson
12. adding "Count of Habsburg
13. Rudolph of Habsburg
14. Count Radbot's seventh generation descendant
15. Duchy of Austria
16. 1276
17. yes
18. Germany
19. 1273
20. Austria

Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

Insects (from Latin insectum, a calque of Greek [entomon], "cut into sections") are a class of invertebrates within the arthropod phylum that have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes and one pair of antennae. They are the most diverse group of animals on the planet, including more than a million described species and representing more than half of all known living organisms. The number of extant species is estimated at between six and ten million, and potentially represent over 90% of the differing animal life forms on Earth. Insects may be found in nearly all environments, although only a small number of species reside in the oceans, a habitat dominated by another arthropod group, crustaceans.

The life cycles of insects vary but most hatch from eggs. Insect growth is constrained by the inelastic exoskeleton and development involves a series of molts. The immature stages can differ from the adults in structure, habit and habitat, and can include a passive pupal stage in those groups that undergo 4-stage metamorphosis (see holometabolism). Insects that undergo 3-stage metamorphosis lack a pupal stage and adults develop through a series of nymphal stages. The higher level relationship of the Hexapoda is unclear. Fossilized insects of enormous size have been found from the Paleozoic Era, including giant dragonflies with wingspans of 55 to 70 cm (2228 in). The most diverse insect groups appear to have coevolved with flowering plants.

1. What is the life cycle of insects?
2. How is it's growth constrained?
3. How else?
4. How many stages of metamorphosis are there?
5. What are insects?
6. How many body parts do they have?
7. What are they?
8. Are they diverse?
9. How many species?
10. How many extant species are there?
11. What does that represent?
12. What kind of environment can they be found?
13. Even in oceans?
14. What have they found in the Paleozoic Era?
15. What kind was found in this era?
16. How big?
17. Have they coevolved with anything?
18. What?
19. What is the metamorphosis stage of an adult?
20. What do they lack when the go through 3-stage metamorphosis?

Numbered answers:

A: 1. It varies but most hatch from eggs
2. by the inelastic exoskeleton
3. development involves a series of molts
4. Four
5. a class of invertebrates
6. Three
7. head, thorax and abdomen
8. Yes
9. more than a million
10. estimated at between six and ten million
11. represent over 90% of the differing animal life forms on Earth.
12. nearly all
13. Yes
14. Fossilized insects of enormous size
15. giant dragonflies
16. with wingspans of 55 to 70 cm
17. Yes
18. flowering plants.
19. series of nymphal stages
20. a pupal stage

Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

Today there are policemen everywhere, but in 1700, London had no policemen at all. A few old men used to protect the city streets at night and they were not paid. About 300 years ago, London was starting to get bigger and more and more people began to live there. The city was very dirty and many people were poor. There were so many thieves who stole money in the streets that people stayed in their homes as much as possible. In 1750,Henry Fielding started to pay a group of people to stop thieves. They were like policemen and were called "Bow Street Runners" because they worked near Bow Street. Fifty years later, there were 120 "Bow Street Runners", but London had become very big and needed more policemen. So in 1829 , the first Metropolitan(or London)Police Force was started with 3,000 officers. Most of the men worked on foot, but a few rode horses. Until 1920 all the police in London were men. Today, London police are quite well paid and for the few police officers who still ride horses, the pay is even better than for the others.

1. How many police were in london in 1700?
2. What group did Henry Fielding start to stop thieves?
3. Did any of the offices patrol on horseback during in 1829?
4. Were there any policewomen in 1920 or before?
5. 300 Years before, why did everyone stay indoors as much as possible?
6. Who protected the town before 1700?
7. When was the first official metro workforce created?
8. And how many?
9. Are today's workforce underpaid?
10. Are horseback riders used today?

Numbered answers:

A:
1. none
2. "Bow Street Runners"
3. yes
4. no
5. thieves stole money in the streets
6. A few old men
7. in 1829
8. 3,000 officers.
9. no
10. yes