Premise: The new ruler grew wealthy and powerful, twice declaring war on his sovereign and almost beating the sizeable but dissolute Ottoman army.

Hypothesis: The new ruler had lots of money and power, moreso than anyone had.
Answer: it is not possible to tell

Premise: He went to his desk and saw his boss working on the computer.

Hypothesis: His boss was doing something on the computer.
Answer: yes

Premise: It would be hard to spot one among three million, anyhow.

Hypothesis: It would not take any effort to spot one.
Answer: no

Premise: FDA responds in the preamble to the final rule to several comments it received and maintains its conclusion that the rule does not have a negative impact.

Hypothesis: FDA says the rule does affect it negatively.
Answer: no