Problem: S1: The mastaba was the pre-dynastic and early dynastic type of tomb in standard Egypt for both the pharaoh and the social elite .
S2: The Mastaba was the standard type of the grave in pre- and early Dynastic Egypt for both Pharaoh and the social elite .

Do S1 & S2 convey the same information?

A: no

Problem: S1: The fumarate - hydratase - gene which is located on the long arm of chromosome 1 ( 1q42.3-43 ) has 22 kilobases and comprises 10 exons .
S2: The fumarate - hydratase - gene , located on the long arm of chromosome 1 ( 1q42.3-43 ) , stretches over 22 kilobases and has 10 exons .

Do S1 & S2 convey the same information?

A: no

Problem: S1: They showed how to use secure cryptography to implement a public key information extortion attack .
S2: They showed how to use secure cryptography to implement a blackmail attack using public key information .

Do S1 & S2 convey the same information?

A:
yes