TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.
PROBLEM: Objective: Healthcare providers in emergency departments should wear respirators for infection protection. However, the wearer's vigorous movements during cardiopulmonary resuscitation may affect the protective performance of the respirator. Herein, we aimed to assess the effects of chest compressions (CCs) on the protective performance of respirators. Methods: This crossover study evaluated 30 healthcare providers from 1 emergency department who performed CC with real-time feedback. The first, second, and third groups started with a cup-type, fold-type, and valve-type respirator, respectively, after which the respirators were randomized for each group. The fit factors were measured using a quantitative fit testing device before and during the CC in each experiment. The protection rate was defined as the proportion of respirators achieving a fit factor 100. Results: The fold-type respirator had a significantly greater protection rate at baseline (100.0% 0.0%) compared to the cup-type (73.6% 39.6%, P = .003) and valve-type respirators (87.5% 30.3%, P = .012). During the CC, the fit factor values significantly decreased for the cup-type (44.9% 42.8%, P < .001) and valve-type respirators (59.5% 41.7%, P = .002), but not for the fold-type respirator (93.2% 21.7%, P = .095). Conclusions: The protective performances of respirators may be influenced by CC. Healthcare providers should identify the respirator that provides the best fit for their intended tasks. Abbreviations: CC = Chest compression, CPR = Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, MERS = Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, NIOSH = National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.

SOLUTION: Comparing the protective performances of 3 types of N95 filtering facepiece respirators during chest compressions A randomized simulation study

PROBLEM: Electron microscopy (EM) allows fast visualization of viruses in a wide range of clinical specimens. Viruses are grouped into families based on their morphology. Viruses from various families look distinctly and these morphological variances are the basis for identification of viruses by EM. The identification to the family level is often sufficient for the clinician or recognition of an unknown infectious agent. Diagnostic EM has two advantages over enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and nucleic acid amplification tests. After a simple and fast negative staining, EM allows fast morphological identification and differential diagnosis of infectious agents contained in the specimen without the need for special considerations and/or reagents. Nevertheless, EM has the disadvantage of being unsuitable as a screening method. Abbreviations CSF cerebrospinal fluid PBS phosphate-buffered saline ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay PCR polymerase chain reaction EM electron microscopy PTA phosphotungstic acid IEM immune electron microscopy SARS severe acute respiratory syndrome NAT nucleic acid amplification (techniques) SPIEM solid phase immune electron microscopy NRL/ELM

SOLUTION: The Role of Electron Microscopy in the Rapid Diagnosis of Viral Infections -review and Foreign Cell in Clinical Specimens CONTENTS

PROBLEM: Background: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a virus which has the potential to alter cellular gene expression through multiple mechanisms. Objective: With the application of DNA microarrays, we could monitor the effects of pathogens on host-cell gene expression programmes in great depth and on a broad scale. Methods: Changes in mRNA expression levels of human endothelial-like ECV304 cells following infection with human cytomegalovirus AD169 strain was analyzed by a microarray system comprising 21073 60-mer oligonucleotide probes which represent 18716 human genes or transcripts. Results: The results from cDNA microarray showed that there were 559 differential expressed genes consisted of 471 upregulated genes and 88 down-regulated genes. Real-time qPCR was performed to validate the expression of 6 selected genes (RPS24, MGC8721, SLC27A3, MST4, TRAF2 and LRRC28), and the results of which were consistent with those from the microarray. Among 237 biology processes, 39 biology processes were found to be related significantly to HCMV-infection. The signal transduction is the most significant biological process with the lowest p value (p=0.005) among all biological process which involved in response to HCMV infection. Conclusion: Several of these gene products might play key roles in virus-induced pathogenesis. These findings may help to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms of HCMV caused diseases.

SOLUTION:
Global analysis of differential expressed genes in ECV304 Endothelial-like cells infected with human cytomegalovirus