Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Ex Input:
Context: To assess the accuracy of the clinically estimated blood loss (EBL) when compared with the actual blood loss (ABL) in replacement surgeries.', "This prospective study was done in Sri Ramachandra Medical Centre from April 2011 to April 2013. Altogether 140 patients undergoing total hip replacement or total knee replacement were included with the inclusion criteria being patients with haemoglobin higher than 100 g/ml and coagulation profile within normal limits. Exclusion criteria were intake of anti-platelet drug or anti-coagulant, bleeding disorders, thrombotic episode, and haematological disorders. There were 65 men and 75 women. In this study, the consultants were free to use any clinical method to estimate the blood loss, including counting the blood-soaked mops and gauze pieces (estimating the volume of blood carried in all the mops and gauzes), measuring blood lost to suction bottles and blood in and around the operative field. The ABL was calculated based on a modification of the Gross's formula using haematocrit values.", 'In 42 of the 140 cases, the EBL exceeded the ABL. These cases had a negative difference in blood loss (or DIFF-BL<0) and were included in the overestimation group, which accounted for 30% of the study population. Of the remaining 98 cases (70%), the ABL exceeded the EBL. Therefore they were put into the underestimation group who had a positive difference in blood loss (DIFF-BL>0). We found that when the average blood loss was small, the accuracy of estimation was high. But when the average blood loss exceeded 500 ml, the accuracy rate decreased significantly. This suggested that clinical estimation is inaccurate with the increase of blood loss.
Answer: This study has shown that using clinical estimation alone to guide blood transfusion is inadequate. In this study, 70% of patients had their blood loss underestimated, proving that surgeons often underestimate blood loss in replacement surgeries.

Ex Output:
Do surgeons often underestimate the amount of blood loss in replacement surgeries?

Ex Input:
Context: Behavioral studies of spatial navigation in aging indicate that orientation using an allocentric reference frame (object-centered orientation) is impaired, whereas orientation using egocentric processes (self-centered orientation) is not. It has been proposed that navigational deficits may result from more general alterations of perception and attention or executive functions. The purpose of this study is to assess allocentric and egocentric representation in elderly individuals, and to determine if age-related deficits in spatial navigation are related to an attentional decline.', 'We assessed encoding of the position of geometrical shapes, depending specifically on an allocentric or egocentric reference frame, during ERP recording in young and old subjects.', 'Aging was associated with a performance decline in allocentric, but not egocentric, encoding. Both allocentric and egocentric conditions elicited parietal early components P1 and N1, reflecting top-down modulation, and components P2 and N2, reflecting selective attention and stimulus categorization. We observed age-associated effects on N1 and N2 amplitudes and on N2 latency in both spatial conditions. Moreover, impaired allocentric performance in older subjects was associated with a greater P2 amplitude and delayed P2 latency compared with younger subjects.
Answer: These results suggest that elderly individuals present with deficits when spatial orientation relies on allocentric representation, and are associated with age-related deficits in spatial attention.

Ex Output:
Is allocentric but not egocentric orientation impaired during normal aging : an ERP study?

Ex Input:
Context: Electroporation has been shown to increase the efficacy of intramuscular injection of plasmid DNA, resulting in a higher level of foreign gene expression. Using this technique, we examined the effect of viral IL-10 gene transfer on the prevention of tracheal allograft stenosis in an animal model.', 'On the day of tracheal transplantation, recipient Lewis rats were intramuscularly injected with either plasmid pCAGGS-LacZ or plasmid pCAGGS-viral IL-10, followed immediately by electroporation. Tracheas from Brown Norway donors were transplanted into the backs of Lewis recipients, and the histology of the grafts were assessed 2 and 4 weeks after transplantation.', 'The serum level of IL-10 peaked at 2000 pg/ml one day after injection; the level then slowly decreased, but was maintained above 1000 pg/ml until 8 days after injection. At Day 28, the airway lumina of the tracheal allografts were almost completely obliterated by fibroproliferative tissue in the control pCAGGS-LacZ-treated rats. In rats injected once with pCAGGS-viral IL-10, luminal obliteration was significantly decreased compared with the control pCAGGS-LacZ-treated rats (mean luminal opening 46.8% vs 0% p<0.05). The loss of epithelial cells lining the airway was also decreased in the IL-10-treated group (mean epithelial coverage 42% vs 5% p<0.05). Multiple injections with pCAGGS-viral IL-10 did not further improve the histological changes.
Answer: IL-10 gene transfer by intramuscular injection using electroporation attenuated tracheal allograft stenosis associated with mild epithelial injury.

Ex Output:
Does electroporation-mediated transfer of plasmid DNA encoding IL-10 attenuate orthotopic tracheal allograft stenosis in rats?