Problem: The Nobel Prizes in physiology or medicine, physics and chemistry are the most respected prizes in science. But talk to scientists in private, and many will complain why (besides jealousy, perhaps) are some scientists unhappy with the Nobels?

One reason is that the committees can often be slow to recognize achievement. Alfred Nobel specified in his will that the prizes should reward work done in the previous year. But experience soon showed that this was risky, as medals were given out for discoveries that later proved questionable. So a degree of caution is probably advisable. Sometimes, though, it can lead to strange results. Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, for instance, had to wait until 1983 to win a prize for work he had done in the 1930s on the structure of stars. However, Albert Einstein never won a prize for his theory of relativity. Even though some pretty suggestive evidence had been produced by Arthur Eddington in 1919, relativity, which has later passed every experimental test ever thrown at it, was still considered somewhat risky and obscure.

Another criticism concerns the tradition that no more than three people can share a prize. Science is rarely this clear-cut. Take this year's physics prize, which recognised Peter Higgs for predicting the existence of the mass-bestowing particle that now bears his name. Dr Higgs was only one of several people with a claim. Two other teams---- Rober Brout and Francois Englert, as well as Gerald Guralnik, Carl Hageh and Tom Kibble----- submitted papers on the same idea to the same journal that published Dr Higgs's work, all within a few months of each other. Science often works like this, with different people coming up with similar ideas at similar times. In the event, the committee decided to honour Dr Engler (Brout is dead, therefore unqualified), whose paper was earlier than Dr Higgs's but did not explicitly predict a particle, over Dr Guralnik and his collaborators, who were more comprehensive but published a few weeks later.
1. What is a reason that scientists are unhappy with Nobels?
2. Did Albert Einstein ever win a Nobel Prize?
3. How many can have the honor at one time?
4. When did Chandrasekhar get his award?
5. What did the person do to get the award this year?
6. Who else claimed it?
7. Who was it?
8. Who else got honored?
9. Who was earlier than the winner?
10. What is the most respected award?
11. What is risky?
12. Anything else that is a risk?
13. What was done in the '30s?
14. Who did the most comprehensive report?
Answer: 1. Slow to recognize achievement
2. No
3. Three
4. 1983
5. Making a prediction
6. Two other teams
7. Rober Brout and Francois Englert
8. Gerald Guralnik, Carl Hageh and Tom Kibble
9. Dr Engler
10. The Nobel Prize
11. relativity
12. Rewarding work done in the previous year
13. Work on the structure of stars
14. Dr Guralnik and his collaborators

Problem: This week Faith Lapidus and Doug Johnson will tell you about Chuck Berry.Chuck Berry,born on October 18,1926,is often called the father of rock and roll.He is one of the most popular and influential performers of rhythm-and-blues and rock'n'roll music during the 1950s,1960s and 1970s.

He started singing in church when he was six years old.His interest in music stuck with him.A lot of Chuck Berry's material is about teenage life,especially school.Chuck Berry left school when he was 17.He headed west with two friends,but they did not get far.They were arrested after they used a gun to steal a car in Kansas City,Missouri.He was set free after four years.

Chuck Berry signed his first recording contract in 1955,with the company Chess Records.Because one of his early hits,"Rock&Roll Music", _ in the United States then,which was greeted with enthusiastic reviews.Many other famous bands copied it again and again.

Filmmaker Taylor Hackford made a documentary called"Hail! Hail! Rock'n'Roll", named for a Chuck Berry song.It centered on the making of a concert to honor the musician on his 60th birthday in 1986.Guitarist Keith Richards from the Rolling Stones organized the concert.Listening to Chuck Berry songs got him interested in music.In Keith Richards'words,"I didn't dream I could make a living at it but that's what I wanted to do."More than 75 artists and bands have done their own versions of Chuck Berry songs.

The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland,Ohio,included Chuck Berry in its first year of honors in 1986.The Hall of Fame had this to say:"While no individual can be said to have invented rock and roll,Chuck Berry comes the closest of any single figure to being the one who put all the essential pieces together."

Thank you for your listening.Faith Lapidus and Doug Johnson were your announcers.
1. Who is the article about?
2. What is Berry often called?
3. What decades did Barry play in?
4. How old was he when he started singing?
5. How old was he when he left school?
6. Why was he arrested?
7. How long was he in jail for?
8. When did he sign his first recording contract?
9. What was the name of his studio?
10. What was one of his first hits?
11. Who made a documentary about Berry?
12. What was the name of the documentary?
13. What birthday did the documentary honor?
14. What other musician tid Berry inspire?
15. Where is the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame?
16. When did they honor Berry?
17. Did they credit Berry with putting the pieces together of starting rock & roll?
18. What is Berry's birthday?
19. Did many other bands copy Berry's early music?
20. Who were the announcers for the article?
Answer:
1. Chuck Berry
2. the father of rock and roll
3. 1950s,1960s and 1970s
4. six years old
5. 17
6. used a gun to steal a car
7. four years
8. 1955
9. Chess Records
10. Rock&Roll Music
11. Taylor Hackford
12. "Hail! Hail! Rock'n'Roll
13. 60th
14. Keith Richards
15. Cleveland,Ohio
16. 1986
17. Yes
18. October 18,1926
19. Yes
20. Faith Lapidus and Doug Johnson