A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of items forming a unified whole. Every system is delineated by its spatial and temporal boundaries, surrounded and influenced by its environment, described by its structure and purpose and expressed in its functioning.

The term "system" comes from the Latin word "systema", in turn from Greek "systema": "whole concept made of several parts or members, system", literary "composition".

According to Marshall McLuhan,

"System" means "something to look at". You must have a very high visual gradient to have systematization. But in philosophy, prior to Descartes, there was no "system". Plato had no "system". Aristotle had no "system". In the 19th century the French physicist Sadi Carnot, who studied thermodynamics, pioneered the development of the concept of a "system" in the natural sciences. In 1824 he studied the system which he called the "working substance" (typically a body of water vapor) in steam engines, in regards to the system's ability to do work when heat is applied to it. The working substance could be put in contact with either a boiler, a cold reservoir (a stream of cold water), or a piston (to which the working body could do work by pushing on it). In 1850, the German physicist Rudolf Clausius generalized this picture to include the concept of the surroundings and began to use the term "working body" when referring to the system.

What are the answers to this following set of questions:

1. What is the Latin word for system?
2. What about in Greek?
3. Who came up with the idea of a system in the natural sciences?
4. When did he do this?
5. What did he do for a living?
6. His specialty?
7. What is his nationality?
8. When was his idea generalized?
9. By who?
10. What kind of work did he do?
11. Was he French too?
12. What was he?
13. What did he refer to the system as?
1. Tsystema
2. systema
3. Sadi Carnot
4. 19th century
5. he was a physicist
6. thermodynamics
7. French
8. 1850
9. Rudolf Clausius
10. he was a physicist
11. no
12. German
13. "working body"