Q: After World War II, amateur radio operators in the US started to receive obsolete but usable Teletype Model 26 equipment from commercial operators with the understanding that this equipment would not be used for or returned to commercial service. "The Amateur Radioteletype and VHF Society" was founded in 1946 in Woodside, NY. This organization soon changed its name to "The VHF Teletype Society" and started US Amateur Radio operations on 2 meters using audio frequency shift keying (AFSK). The first two-way amateur radioteletype Q code of record took place in May 1946 between Dave Winters, W2AUF, Brooklyn, NY and W2BFD, John Evans Williams, Woodside Long Island, NY. On the west coast, amateur RTTY also started on 2 meters. Operation on 80 meters, 40 meters and the other High Frequency (HF) amateur radio bands was initially accomplished using make and break keying since frequency shift keying (FSK) was not yet authorized. In early 1949, the first American transcontinental two-way RTTY QSO was accomplished on 11 meters using AFSK between Tom McMullen (W1QVF) operating at W1AW and Johnny Agalsoff, W6PSW. The stations effected partial contact on January 30, 1949, and repeated more successfully on January 31. On February 1, 1949, the stations exchanged solid print congratulatory message traffic and rag-chewed. Earlier, on January 23, 1949, William T. Knott, W2QGH, Larchmont, NY, had been able to make rough copy of W6PSWs test transmissions. While QSOs could be accomplished, it was quickly realized that FSK was technically superior to make and break keying. Due to the efforts of Merrill Swan, W6AEE, of "The RTTY Society of Southern California" publisher of RTTY and Wayne Green, W2NSD, of CQ Magazine, Amateur Radio operators successfully petitioned the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to amend Part 12 of the Regulations, which was effective on February 20, 1953. The amended Regulations permitted FSK in the non-voice parts of the 80, 40 and 20 meter bands and also specified the use of single channel 60 words-per-minute five unit code corresponding to ITA2. A shift of 850 hertz plus or minus 50 hertz was specified. Amateur Radio operators also had to identify their station callsign at the beginning and the end of each transmission and at ten-minute intervals using International Morse code. Use of this wide shift proved to be a problem for Amateur Radio operations. Commercial operators had already discovered that narrow shift worked best on the HF bands. After investigation and a petition to the FCC, Part 12 was amended, in March 1956, to allow Amateur Radio Operators to use any shift that was less than 900 hertz.
What was the original name of the VHS Teletype Society?

A: Amateur Radioteletype and VHF Society

Q: In January 1454, the year that Casimir IV was married to Elisabeth Habsburg, the Prussian faction asked Casimir IV and protection by the Kingdom of Poland. Casimir asked the Prussian Confederation for a more formal petition. On 4 February 1454, the Secret Council of the Prussian Confederation sent a formal act of disobedience to the Grand Master. Two days later the confederacy started its rebellion and soon almost all Prussia, except for Marienburg, Stuhm , and Konitz , were free from Teutonic rule. Most of the captured Ordensburg castles were immediately destroyed. On 10 February 1454, the confederacy sent an official delegation to Poland, headed by Johannes von Baysen. By 20 February, the delegates were in Krakow and asked Casimir to bring Prussia into the Polish kingdom. After negotiating the exact conditions of incorporation, the king agreed and delegates of the Prussian Confederation pledged allegiance to Casimir on 6 March 1454. On the same day, the king agreed to all the conditions of the Prussian delegates for instance Thorn demanded the destruction of the Polish city of Nieszawa giving wide privileges to the Prussian cities and nobility. Three days later, Johannes von Baysen was named as the first governor of Prussia. After 15 April, most of the Prussian estates, with the exception of the Prince-Bishopric of Warmia, pledged allegiance to their new ruler. Poland sent the Grand Master a declaration of war, predated to 22 February. Both sides expected the war to end quickly.
How many cities in Prussia were not free from Teutonic rule?

A: 3

Q: Hoping to rebound from their divisional home loss to the Jaguars, the Titans flew to INVESCO Field at Mile High for a Week 11 Monday Night intraconference duel with the Denver Broncos. In the first quarter, Tennessee trailed early as Broncos QB Jay Cutler completed a 48-yard TD pass to WR Brandon Stokley, along with WR/PR Glenn Martinez returning a punt 80 yards for a touchdown. In the second quarter, the Titans got on the board with QB Vince Young completing a 21-yard TD pass to WR Brandon Jones. Denver would respond with kicker Jason Elam getting a 21-yard and a 39-yard field goal. Tennessee would end the half with kicker Rob Bironas getting a 56-yard field goal. In the third quarter, the Titans continue to trail as Cutler completed a 41-yard TD pass to WR Brandon Marshall. Tennessee would reply with Young getting a 4-yard TD run. In the fourth quarter, the Titans tried to get a comeback as Bironas nailed a 37-yard field goal. Unfortunately, the Broncos sealed the win with RB Andre Hall getting a 62-yard TD run.
Which player threw the third longest TD pass?

A: Vince Young

Q: Coming off their road win over the Jets, the Browns went home for a Week 15 intraconference game with the Buffalo Bills, trying to protect their No. 6 playoff spot. In the first quarter, Cleveland scored as kicker Phil Dawson managed to get a 35-yard field goal for the only score of the period. In the second quarter, the Browns' lead increased as Bills LS Ryan Neill's snap to Punter Brian Moorman went over Moorman's head, causing him to kick the ball through Cleveland's endzone for a safety. Later, the Browns scored again as Dawson made a 49-yard field goal. Near the end of the game, Buffalo drove deep into Cleveland territory; however, Buffalo turned the ball over on downs, and Cleveland ran the clock out for the win. With the win, the Browns improved to 9-5 and secured only their 2nd winning season since returning to the NFL in 1999 and also their first winning season since 2002. This would also be the very first game ending in a score of 8-0 since November 10, 1929, when the Chicago Cardinals won over the Minneapolis Red Jackets.
How many more yards was Dawson's second field goal over his first one?

A:
14