Given a paragraph, generate a claim that is supported by the given paragraph. 1) The claim must contain information from within the paragraph. 2) A sentence within the paragraph can be used as a claim. 3) The claim should not have contradictions within the paragraph. 4) The claim should be at most one sentence long.

Q: Democrats on a subcommittee of the House of Representatives Committee on Oversight and Reform released a cache of internal Juul emails and other documents that committee staff described as early attempts to "enter schools and convey its messaging directly to teenage children." Juul's use of social media influencers to promote its vaping devices in the years after it launched in 2015 also came under scrutiny. James Monsees, Juul's co-founder and chief product officer, told the committee that the company's target audience from the beginning has been adult cigarette smokers. Among efforts cited in the Juul documents released were a $134,000 payment to set up a five-week "holistic health education" summer camp at a Maryland charter school, recruiting children from third through 12th grades, and offering $10,000 to schools using the company's "youth prevention and education" programs for students, including those caught using e-cigarette products. "You don't think that sounds strange at all?" Representative Katie Hill, a Democrat, asked Juul's chief administrative officer, Ashley Gould. "All of these educational efforts were intended to keep youth from using the product," Gould responded. When Juul realized how the school involvement could be perceived as negative, "we stopped the program," she said. In a statement after the hearing, Juul said the $134,000 donation was to "facilitate already-existing community outreach and youth-prevention programs," and said the company "did not have any direct interaction with the students." Several committee members said Juul's initiatives appeared similar to past efforts by the tobacco industry to reach young people under the guise of smoking prevention programs. Gould said Juul, which is 35 percent owned by Marlboro maker Altria Group Inc (MO.N), halted its program last year once it became aware of the tobacco industry's past moves. Caleb Mintz, 17, a New York city high school student, testified at a separate hearing on Wednesday that a Juul representative came to his school as part of an educational program on mental health and addiction last year. He said in an interview Thursday that students received "mixed messages" about the product, being told it was safe but not to buy it. Mintz said after the hearing that the Juul presentation seemed to be "playing to the side of teens as rebellious. When a teen is told not to do something, they're more likely to do it." Members of the committee also quizzed Gould and Monsees over the use of social media influencers to promote Juul's vaping devices. Company executives early on agreed that "younger consumers age 25 to 34 was going to be the target of our initial campaign," Monsees said. "They would be more receptive to new technology solutions," such as the Juul device. Amid an enormous uptick in teenage use of e-cigarettes in 2018 a 78% increase among high school students from 2017 to 2018, according to federal data Juul said it ended all social media advertising last fall. Juul also pulled many flavored nicotine pods, except mint, menthol and tobacco, from retail stores, which Monsees said represented more than half of the company's sales at that time.

A: U.S. lawmakers grill e-cigarette maker Juul over efforts targeted at schoolchildren.
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Q: Publishing a study that found risk score tools are only around 46 percent accurate on how likely psychopathic convicts are to kill, rape or assault again, they said probation officers and judges should set little or no store by such tests. They warned that clinicians carrying out such classifications must be aware of their severe limitations, and make sure prisoners undergo comprehensive psychiatric diagnosis before any risks assessment is made. "If you apply these (tests) to somebody who is a psychopath, they're utterly useless, you might as well toss a coin," said Jeremy Coid, director of the forensic psychiatry research unit at Queen Mary University of London who led the study. "They will not predict accurately at all," he told reporters at a briefing in London about his findings. Coid and other forensic psychiatrists say the findings - which also showed the tools perform only moderately well in prisoners with disorders like schizophrenia, depression, drug and alcohol dependence - could have major implications for risk assessment in criminal justice systems. "There are increasing expectations of public protection from violent behavior, and psychiatrists can be seriously criticized if they make wrong decisions," he said. Seena Fazel, a consultant forensic psychiatrist at Britain's University of Oxford, said the reliability of the tests' predictive ability was so low that it might be best not to use them at all - and warned that at the very least, their results should only be noted by parole boards, rather than acted upon. "If you're going to use these instruments, be aware of their strengths and limitations," he told reporters. The estimated prevalence of adult psychopathy in the general population is around 1 percent, but that rises to between 15 percent and 25 percent among men in prison. Coid, whose study was published in the British Journal of Psychiatry, analyzed data from 1,396 male prisoners in England and Wales who were interviewed between six and 12 months before their release. All the men were serving sentences of two or more years for a sexual or violent offences. The prisoners were assessed for personality disorders, symptoms of schizophrenia, depression and drug and alcohol dependence, as well as being measured for psychopathy on a reputable scale known as Hare Psychopathy Check List. After their release, data on their re-offending rates was added to the study, and showed that among three different re-offending risk assessment tools used before their release, the accuracy among psychopaths was below 50 percent. While the tools were more accurate in predictions for prisoners with no mental health disorders - at around 75 percent accuracy - they were only around 60 percent right when it came to prisoners diagnosed with schizophrenia and depression. For prisoners with anti-social personality disorders the predictive value of the tests ranged from poor to little more than chance, with an average 53.2 percent predictive accuracy. And for the 70 prisoners rated as psychopathic, none of the tests was statistically better than chance. Coid said the results suggest it is time to question the expectations put on psychiatrists and psychologists asked to forecast future behavior of offenders, and to consider what can happen to their reputations if predictions are wrong. "The easy solution is to be highly restrictive on who is released, and be risk averse. However, even for serious offenders, most will be released at some stage and someone has to carry out a risk assessment," he said. "We need to prioritize the development of new assessment tools for these hard-to-predict groups."

A: Predicting violence in psychopaths is 'no more than chance'.
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Q: Wednesday marks one of several dates when large blocks of new laws take effect in Connecticut. Some of the latest new laws: ___ TAX CHANGES A handful of items and services will be subjected to the state's 6.35% sales tax as of Jan. 1. They include safety apparel, metered and other previously exempt parking, dry cleaning and laundry, other than coin operated. Interior design services for individuals will also become taxable in 2020. Democratic Gov. Ned Lamont originally unveiled plans in early 2019 to create a level playing field and expand Connecticut's sales tax base by repealing various exemptions and imposing the tax on certain tax-free goods and services, from haircuts to child car seats. He told lawmakers that expanding Connecticut's tax base "helps to make the sales tax more robust, fairer, and raises the revenue we need to get our budget into balance." But like past governors who tried the same thing, Lamont faced strong opposition and ultimately agreed to this much shorter list of sales tax changes. Lamont and lawmakers did agree to repeal the state's biannual $250 business entity tax, an unpopular fee charged to most businesses in Connecticut. ___ MENTAL HEALTH Certain health insurance policies will no longer be able to impose more stringent limits on mental health and substance abuse, compared to other illnesses, beginning Jan. 1. Also under the state's new Mental Health Parity Act, substance abuse services must be covered if they are required by a court. "Diseases of the brain should not be treated any differently than diseases of the body, and Connecticut's laws should reflect that," Lamont said when he signed the bill into law in July. Beginning in March 2021, insurance companies will be required to file annual reports with the state, certifying they're complying with the new parity law. Required coverage under certain policies for breast ultrasounds and hearings aids will also be expanded in the new year. ___ BLIGHTED BUILDINGS A new law authorizes a Superior Court judge to appoint a "receiver," an entity or a person, to take over rehabilitating or disposing abandoned properties industrial, residential or commercial in communities with at least 35,000 inhabitants. Interested parties can petition the court to take over a property that has been abandoned for at least a year. The legislation is considered to be another tool for municipalities to address blight. Among other things, Connecticut's cities and towns can impose fines and special assessments on owners of blighted properties, and create agencies that can condemn abandoned and blighted buildings and transfer ownership to qualified homesteaders. ___ DRIVER'S LICENSES Connecticut drivers may not have to spend as much time in the Department of Motor Vehicles as they used to. A new law allows the DMV commissioner to renew driver's licenses up to every eight years, instead of every six years. The legislation also extends the length of time between registration renewals from two years to three years. Fees for an initial license, which is limited to seven years, are $84. For an eight-year license renewal, they will be $96, which is proportionate to the $72 fee for previous initial and renewed six-year licenses. It works out to be $12 a year. Lamont has predicted the changes will lead to shorter wait times for those who need to conduct business in person at the DMV. It is part of the administration's efforts to streamline interactions residents have with state government. ___ POLICE TRAINING The Department of Emergency Services and Public Protection will now be required to expand its free training on juvenile matters for state and local police. Beginning Jan. 1, it must include techniques for handling incidents involving juveniles and adults with autism spectrum disorder, nonverbal learning disorder or cognitive impairment. Emergency medical services personnel, firefighters, police officers and others will also be required to keep a paper or electronic copy of a "communication aid" that describes techniques to serve and interact with juveniles with such impairments.

A:
Tax changes, mental health parity among new Connecticut laws.
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