TASK DEFINITION: Given a scientific passage and an answer, generate a question for the given answer.
PROBLEM: Passage: In the nematic phase, only the long axes of the molecules are parallel, and the ends are staggered at random intervals. In the smectic phase, the long axes of the molecules are parallel, and the molecules are also arranged in planes. Finally, in thecholesteric phase, the molecules are arranged in layers; each layer is rotated with respect to the ones above and below it to give a spiral structure. The molecular order increases from the nematic phase to the smectic phase to the cholesteric phase, and the phases become increasingly opaque. Molecules that form liquid crystals tend to be rigid molecules with polar groups that exhibit relatively strong dipoledipole or dipoleinduced dipole interactions, hydrogen bonds, or some combination of both. Some examples of substances that form liquid crystals are listed in Figure 11.27 "Structures of Typical Molecules That Form Liquid Crystals*" along with their characteristic phase transition temperature ranges. In most cases, the intermolecular interactions are due to the presence of polar or polarizable groups. Aromatic rings and multiple bonds between carbon and nitrogen or oxygen are especially common. Moreover, many liquid crystals are composed of molecules with two similar halves connected by a unit having a multiple bond. Figure 11.27 Structures of Typical Molecules That Form Liquid Crystals*. Answer: spiral structure

SOLUTION: In the nematic phase, only the long axes of the molecules are parallel, and the ends are staggered at random intervals. in the smectic phase, the long axes of the molecules are parallel, and the molecules are also arranged in planes. finally, in thecholesteric phase, the molecules are arranged in layers; each layer is rotated with respect to the ones above and below it to give it this?

PROBLEM: Passage: Translation is the process of ordering the amino acids in the assembly of a protein. The word ribosome comes from ribo nucleic acid and the Greek soma (meaning body). Two Nobel Prizes have been awarded for work relating to the ribosome. The 1974 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Albert Claude, Christian de Duve and George Emil Palade for the discovery of the ribosome, and the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas A. Steitz and Ada E. Yonath for discovering the detailed structure and mechanism of the ribosome. Answer: protein

SOLUTION: Translation is the process of ordering the amino acids in the assembly of a?

PROBLEM: Passage: Diabetes is a non-infectious disease in which the body is unable to control the amount of sugar in the blood. People with diabetes have high blood sugar, either because their bodies do not produce enough insulin, or because their cells do not respond to insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps cells take up sugar from the blood. Without enough insulin, the blood contains too much sugar. This can damage blood vessels and other cells throughout the body. The kidneys work hard to filter out and remove some of the extra sugar. This leads to frequent urination and excessive thirst. Answer: sugar

SOLUTION:
Diabetes is a non-infectious disease in which the body is unable to control the amount of what in the blood?