Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The active transport of ions across the cell membrane causes an electrical gradient to build up across this membrane. The number of positively charged ions outside the cell is usually greater than the number of positively charged ions in the cytosol. This results in a relatively negative charge on the inside of the membrane, and a positive charge on the outside. This difference in charges causes a voltage to exist across the membrane. Voltage is electrical potential energy that is caused by a separation of opposite charges, in this case across the membrane. The voltage across a membrane is the membrane potential . Membrane potential is very important for the conduction of electrical impulses along nerve cells. The membrane potential of a cell at rest is known as its resting potential , and is discussed below. A non-excited nerve cell is an example of a cell at rest. Q: What causes a voltage to exist across the membrane in cells? A:

OPTIONS:
- insulators
- increase in energy
- same charge
- difference in charges

A: difference in charges

input: OPTIONS:
- glucose
- testosterone
- Cortisol
- insulin Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: After you eat and digest a sugary snack, the level of sugar in your blood quickly rises. In response, the endocrine system secretes the hormone insulin. Insulin helps cells absorb sugar from the blood. This causes the level of sugar in the blood to fall back to its normal level. Q: What hormone does the endocrine system secrete to help cells absorb blood sugar? A:
A:
output: insulin

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Many meteorites are remnants of the earliest material that formed in the solar system. Q: What astronomical phenomenon is often comprised of remnants of the earliest material that formed in the solar system? A:

OPTIONS:
- asteroids
- particles
- comets
- meteorites

Answer: meteorites

Problem: OPTIONS:
- lazy proteins
- navigation proteins
- installation proteins
- transport proteins
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Water and many other substances cannot simply diffuse across a membrane. Hydrophilic molecules, charged ions, and relatively large molecules such as glucose all need help with diffusion. The help comes from special proteins in the membrane known as transport proteins . Diffusion with the help of transport proteins is called facilitated diffusion . There are several types of transport proteins, including channel proteins and carrier proteins. Both are shown in Figure below . Q: The help with diffusion comes from special proteins in the membrane known as what? A:
Answer: transport proteins

Problem:OPTIONS:
- faster nuclei
- light nuclei
- active nuclei
- smaller nuclei

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Fission is a type of radioactivity in which large nuclei spontaneously break apart into smaller nuclei. Q: Fission is a type of radioactivity in which large nuclei spontaneously break apart into what? A:
****
A: smaller nuclei

Problem:OPTIONS:
- one partial-life
- one full-life
- one quarter-life
- one half-life

Answer the following question given this paragraph: The measure of how quickly a nucleus decays is given by the half-life of the nucleus. One half-life is the amount of time it will take for half of the radioactive material to decay. Q: What do we call the amount of time it will take for half of the radioactive material to decay? A:
****
A:
one half-life