TASK DEFINITION: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
PROBLEM: Norman and Jensen created triangles in which they plot chemical species according to this quantity. In one model of this quantity, electrons distribute to minimize it. Besides the Allred-Rochow definition, Mulliken's original definition of this quantity involved taking the mean of the(*) electron affinity and the first ionization energy. Dissociation energies between two elements are used to calculate the Pauling scale of this quantity, on which fluorine has the highest value. For 10 points, name this property that refers to an atom's ability to attract electrons.

SOLUTION: Science

PROBLEM: Lindstrom's theorem states that first-order logic is the strongest logic having both this property and satisfying the Lowenheim-Skolem property. A method for finding a Hausdorff space with this property containing a given space is named for Stone and Cech. Equicontinuity is the main condition for determining whether a family of functions has this property by the Arzela-Ascoli theorem. Using the axiom of choice, it can be shown that an arbitrary product of spaces with this property has this property, a result known as Tychonoff's theorem. In Euclidean space, being closed and bounded is sufficient to show, according to the Heine-Borel theorem, that a set has this property. For 10 points, identify this property which holds of a set on which every open cover has a finite subcover.

SOLUTION: Science

PROBLEM: The efficiency of this process can be quantified with either overall, point, or Murphree efficiency. One method of performing calculations for this process first requires determination of the slope of the q-line for the feed. The next steps in that method are to split the operating line into enriching and stripping sections, to draw alternating horizontal and vertical lines between the operating and equilibrium lines, and finally to count off the number of horizontal lines drawn. That method determines the number of (*) theoretical trays required for this process and is named for McCabe and Thiele. Mixtures that do not change composition when this process is performed are termed azeotropes. For 10 points, name this process which separates components of a solution based on their boiling points.

SOLUTION:
Science