input: OPTIONS:
- Sickness
- endemic
- mites
- epiphytic Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Epiphytic roots enable a plant to grow on another plant. For example, the epiphytic roots of orchids develop a spongy tissue to absorb moisture. The banyan tree (Ficus sp. ) begins as an epiphyte, germinating in the branches of a host tree; aerial roots develop from the branches and eventually reach the ground, providing additional support (Figure 30.20). In screwpine (Pandanus sp. ), a palm-like tree that grows in sandy tropical soils, aboveground prop roots develop from the nodes to provide additional support. Q: What type of roots enable a plant to grow on another plant? A:
A:
output: epiphytic

Answer the following question given this paragraph: All of the planets rotate on their axes in the same direction that they move around the Sun. Except for Uranus. Uranus is tilted on its side. Its axis is almost parallel to its orbit. So Uranus rolls along like a bowling ball as it revolves around the Sun. How did Uranus get this way? Scientists think that the planet was struck and knocked over by another planet-sized object. This collision probably took place billions of years ago. Q: All of the planets rotate on their axes in the same direction that they move around the sun, except for which one? A:

OPTIONS:
- Jupiter
- venus
- Saturn
- uranus

Answer: uranus

Problem: OPTIONS:
- parasites
- gravity
- proteins
- mutations
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Mutations and evolution There are often multiple alleles of a particular gene in the population and they all may be equally normal, that is have similar effects on reproductive success andin terms of the phenotypes they produce. If there is no significant selective advantage between them, their relative frequencies within a population will drift. At the same time, the phenotype associated with a particular allelecan be influenced by which alleles are present at other genetic loci, known as the genetic background. Since most traits are the results of hundreds or thousands of genes functioning together, and different combinations of alleles can produce different effects, the universe of variation is large. This can make identifying the genetic basis of a disease difficult, particularly when variation at any one locus may make only a minor contribution to the disease phenotype. On top of that, environmental and developmental differences can outweigh genetic influence on phenotype. Such genetic background effects can lead to a particular allele producing a disease in one person and not another.270 Mutations are the ultimate source of genetic variation without them evolution would not occur. Mutations can lead to a number of effects, in particular, they can create new activities. At the same time these changes may reduce the original (and necessary) activity of an important gene. Left unresolved such molecular level conflicts would greatly limit the flexibility of evolutionary mechanisms. For example, it is common to think of a gene (or rather the particular gene product it encodes) as having one and only one function or activity, but in fact, when examined closely many catalytic gene products (typically proteins) can catalyze "off-target" reactions or carry out, even if rather inefficiently, other activities - they interact with other molecules within the cell and the organism. Assume for the moment that a gene encodes a gene product with an essential function as well as potentially useful (from a reproductive... Q: What are the ultimate source of genetic variation? A:
Answer: mutations

Problem:OPTIONS:
- blood cells
- electrons
- muscles
- neurons

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Glia While glia are often thought of as the supporting cast of the nervous system, the number of glial cells in the brain actually outnumbers the number of neurons by a factor of ten. Neurons would be unable to function without the vital roles that are fulfilled by these glial cells. Glia guide developing neurons to their destinations, buffer ions and chemicals that would otherwise harm neurons, and provide myelin sheaths around axons. Scientists have recently discovered that they also play a role in responding to nerve activity and modulating communication between nerve cells. When glia do not function properly, the result can be disastrousmost brain tumors are caused by mutations in glia. Types of Glia There are several different types of glia with different functions, two of which are shown in Figure 35.7. Astrocytes, shown in Figure 35.8a make contact with both capillaries and neurons in the CNS. They provide nutrients and other substances to neurons, regulate the concentrations of ions and chemicals in the extracellular fluid, and provide structural support for synapses. Astrocytes also form the blood-brain barriera structure that blocks entrance of toxic substances into the brain. Astrocytes, in particular, have been shown through calcium imaging experiments to become active in response to nerve activity, transmit calcium waves between astrocytes, and modulate the activity of surrounding synapses. Satellite glia provide nutrients and structural support for neurons in the PNS. Microglia scavenge and degrade dead cells and protect the brain from invading microorganisms. Oligodendrocytes, shown in Figure 35.8b form myelin sheaths around axons in the CNS. One axon can be myelinated by several oligodendrocytes, and one oligodendrocyte can provide myelin for multiple neurons. This is distinctive from the PNS where a single Schwann cell provides myelin for only one axon as the entire Schwann cell surrounds the axon. Radial glia serve as scaffolds for developing neurons as they migrate to their end... Q: Though often regarded as the supporting cast of the nervous system, glial cells in the brain actually outnumber what by a factor of ten? A:
****
A: neurons

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Multicellular seaweeds called kelp may grow as large as trees. They are the food base of ecosystems called kelp forests (see Figure below ). Kelp forests are found throughout the ocean in temperate and arctic climates. They are highly productive ecosystems. Q: Which forests are found throughout the ocean in temperate and arctic climates? A:
OPTIONS:
- coral reefs
- mangrove
- cedar
- kelp
kelp

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Amides are actually formed by bringing together an amine-containing molecule and a carboxylic acidcontaining molecule. A molecule of H2O is lost, much like when an ester forms:. Q: Amides are actually formed by bringing together an amine-containing molecule and molecule containing what? A:
OPTIONS:
- oxidize acid
- polymer acid
- Fatty acid
- carboxylic acid

Answer:
carboxylic acid