Answer the following question given this paragraph: CHAPTER SUMMARY 24.1 Characteristics of Fungi Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that appeared on land more than 450 million years ago. They are heterotrophs and contain neither photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll, nor organelles such as chloroplasts. Because fungi feed on decaying and dead matter, they are saprobes. Fungi are important decomposers that release essential elements into the environment. External enzymes digest nutrients that are absorbed by the body of the fungus, which is called a thallus. A thick cell wall made of chitin surrounds the cell. Fungi can be unicellular as yeasts, or develop a network of filaments called a mycelium, which is often described as mold. Most species multiply by asexual and sexual reproductive cycles and display an alternation of generations. Another group of fungi do not have a sexual cycle. Sexual reproduction involves plasmogamy (the fusion of the cytoplasm), followed by karyogamy (the fusion of nuclei). Meiosis regenerates haploid individuals, resulting in haploid spores. Q: Because fungi feed on decaying and dead matter, they play what important role by releasing essential elements into the environment? Choices: - producers - carnivores - consumers - decomposers A:
decomposers
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Sensory organs such as the eyes and ears are part of the nervous system. The nervous system controls all other body systems. However, the nervous system doesn't work alone. The endocrine system also helps to regulate the body and its functions. Q: The various sensory organs are part of what organ system? Choices: - digestive - lymphatic - respiratory - nervous A:
nervous
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: CHAPTER SUMMARY 1.1 Themes and Concepts of Biology Biology is the science of life. All living organisms share several key properties such as order, sensitivity or response to stimuli, reproduction, adaptation, growth and development, regulation, homeostasis, and energy processing. Living things are highly organized following a hierarchy that includes atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. Organisms, in turn, are grouped as populations, communities, ecosystems, and the biosphere. Evolution is the source of the tremendous biological diversity on Earth today. A diagram called a phylogenetic tree can be used to show evolutionary relationships among organisms. Biology is very broad and includes many branches and sub disciplines. Examples include molecular biology, microbiology, neurobiology, zoology, and botany, among others. Q: Living things are highly organized following a hierarchy that includes atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. organisms, in turn, are grouped as populations, communities, ecosystems, and this? Choices: - hydrosphere - bionicsphere - endosphere - biosphere A:
A: biosphere
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Vaporization is the process in which a liquid boils and changes to a gas. Q: What does liquid change to due to vaporization? Choices: - plasma - oil - solid - gas A:
Answer: gas
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Photographs of the sky can be darkened by polarizing filters, a trick used by many photographers to make clouds brighter by contrast. Scattering from other particles, such as smoke or dust, can also polarize light. Detecting polarization in scattered EM waves can be a useful analytical tool in determining the scattering source. There is a range of optical effects used in sunglasses. Besides being Polaroid, other sunglasses have colored pigments embedded in them, while others use non-reflective or even reflective coatings. A recent development is photochromic lenses, which darken in the sunlight and become clear indoors. Photochromic lenses are embedded with organic microcrystalline molecules that change their properties when exposed to UV in sunlight, but become clear in artificial lighting with no UV. Take-Home Experiment: Polarization Find Polaroid sunglasses and rotate one while holding the other still and look at different surfaces and objects. Explain your observations. What is the difference in angle from when you see a maximum intensity to when you see a minimum intensity? Find a reflective glass surface and do the same. At what angle does the glass need to be oriented to give minimum glare?. Q: What is used to darken images of the sky? Choices: - close-up filter - uv filter - neutral density filter - polarizing filters A:
**Answer**
polarizing filters
(Question)
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Bases are ionic compounds consisting of hydroxide ions and a cation. Naming and formula writing for bases follows the same guidelines as for other ionic compounds. Q: Bases are ionic compounds consisting of hydroxide ions and a what? Choices: - cinion - carbonate - sulfate - cation A:
(Answer)
cation