Given the task definition and input, reply with output. In this task, you will be presented with a context from an academic paper and you have to write an answerable question based on the context. Your questions can be extractive, abstractive, or yes-no questions.

Method ::: Passage Ranking Model
The key component of our framework is the Ranker model, which is provided with a question $q$ and $K$ passages $\mathcal {P} = \lbrace p_1, p_2 ... p_K
brace $ from a pool of candidates, and outputs a chain of selected passages. Method ::: Cooperative Reasoner
To alleviate the noise in the distant supervision signal $\mathcal {C}$, in addition to the conditional selection, we further propose a cooperative Reasoner model, also implemented with the MatchLSTM architecture (see Appendix SECREF6), to predict the linking entity from the selected passages.
What are two models' architectures in proposed solution?