input: OPTIONS:
- Mesozoic
- Neoproterozoic
- Neoproterozoic era
- the carboniferous period Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The Carboniferous Period : Next, during the Carboniferous Period (360290 million years ago), widespread forests of huge plants left massive deposits of carbon that eventually turned to coal. The first amphibians evolved to move out of the water and colonize land, but they had to return to the water to reproduce. Soon after amphibians arose, the first reptiles evolved. They were the first animals that could reproduce on dry land. Q: During what period on earth was coal formed? A:
A:
output: the carboniferous period

Answer the following question given this paragraph: If the temperature of a gas sample is decreased, the volume decreases as well. Q: If the temperature of a gas sample is decreased, what happens to the volume? A:

OPTIONS:
- increases
- stays the same
- expands
- decreases

Answer: decreases

Problem: OPTIONS:
- salty
- bitter
- sour
- sweet
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Salty taste is simply the perception of sodium ions (Na+) in the saliva. When you eat something salty, the salt crystals dissociate into the component ions Na+ and Cl, which dissolve into the saliva in your mouth. The Na+ concentration becomes high outside the gustatory cells, creating a strong concentration gradient that drives the diffusion of the ion into the cells. The entry of Na+ into these cells results in the depolarization of the cell membrane and the generation of a receptor potential. Sour taste is the perception of H+ concentration. Just as with sodium ions in salty flavors, these hydrogen ions enter the cell and trigger depolarization. Sour flavors are, essentially, the perception of acids in our food. Increasing hydrogen ion concentrations in the saliva (lowering saliva pH) triggers progressively stronger graded potentials in the gustatory cells. For example, orange juicewhich contains citric acidwill taste sour because it has a pH value of approximately 3. Of course, it is often sweetened so that the sour taste is masked. The first two tastes (salty and sour) are triggered by the cations Na+ and H+. The other tastes result from food molecules binding to a G proteincoupled receptor. A G protein signal transduction system ultimately leads to depolarization of the gustatory cell. The sweet taste is the sensitivity of gustatory cells to the presence of glucose dissolved in the saliva. Other monosaccharides such as fructose, or artificial sweeteners such as aspartame (NutraSweet™️), saccharine, or sucralose (Splenda™️) also activate the sweet receptors. The affinity for each of these molecules varies, and some will taste sweeter than glucose because they bind to the G proteincoupled receptor differently. Bitter taste is similar to sweet in that food molecules bind to G proteincoupled receptors. However, there are a number of different ways in which this can happen because there are a large diversity of bitter-tasting molecules. Some bitter molecules depolarize gustatory cells, whereas others... Q: Just as salty taste involves perception of sodium ions in saliva, what taste correlates with presence of glucose? A:
Answer: sweet

Problem:OPTIONS:
- renewable fuels
- solar energy
- biofuels
- fossil fuels

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Natural gas burns cleaner than other fossil fuels. As a result, it causes less air pollution. It also produces less carbon dioxide than the other fossil fuels. Because it burns cleaner than other fossil fuels, natural gas has a good reputation. Still, natural gas does emit pollutants. Q: Natural gas burns cleaner and produces less carbon dioxide than fuels of what type? A:
****
A: fossil fuels

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Body waves travel through the Earth and arrive at seismograms before surface waves. Q: Body waves travel through the earth and arrive at seismograms before what? A:
OPTIONS:
- sound waves
- velocity waves
- function waves
- surface waves
surface waves

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: In the stomach, which material's arrival triggers churning and the release of gastric juices? A:
OPTIONS:
- hair
- bile
- acid
- food

Answer:
food