TASK DEFINITION: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
PROBLEM: A paper he wrote about the geometrical representation of a certain kind of property by means of surfaces so excited Maxwell that he made a model illustrating the method. During the early 1880s, this man worked on a modification of the quaternion which he thought could be adapted into a new system of vector analysis, but it had little impact. He developed an "electrical theory of light" which presumed that light is a disturbance propagating through relatively fine-grained media, while his last work was a treatise on Elementary Principles in Statistical Mechanics which he completed a year before his death in 1903. His greatest discovery was popularized by the Dutch scientist who experimentally confirmed it, Hendrik Roozeboom. His most famous work was translated by Le Chatelier and Ostwald, and established a basis for the theory of the thermodynamic properties of heterogenous substances. FTP, name this founder of physical chemistry, an American scientist known for his namesake phase rule.

SOLUTION: Science

PROBLEM: General Herr, who had raised the alarm prior to this battle about the decision to remove all emplaced guns smaller than 75mm, spent most of it in the Caures Woods following the "Trommelfeuer. " Historical debate exists about the veracity of the "Christmas Memo" of Falkenhayn regarding this battle, which saw a heroic stand at Fort Souville. It saw a massive supply operation from Bar-le-Duc along the (*) "Sacred Way," and turned when Robert Nivelle crucially recaptured Fort Douaumont. The Somme offensive was partially launched to relieve this attack, which saw the Germans pushed back to the banks of the Meuse. Lasting nearly a year across 1916, FTP, identify this World War I battle occuring at a site that also names an 843 treaty which divided Charlemagen's empire.

SOLUTION: History

PROBLEM: The Kepler conjecture states that this quantity is maximized for HCP and FCC crystals. The reciprocal of this quantity is called specific volume. This quantity is the ratio between kinematic and dynamic viscosity. The melting point line has a negative slope when this quantity is greater for liquids than for solids. The ratio of it to a reference standard is specific gravity. Among elements, this quantity is greatest for osmium and iridium. For water, it's maximized at 4 degrees Celsius. If two substances are immiscible, the one with a greater value for this will form the bottom layer. For 10 points, name this quantity equal to mass over volume.

SOLUTION:
Science