INPUT ARTICLE: Article: Squeeze more threading oil onto all the teeth of the die head that are not yet cutting into the pipe. This is important to make cutting easier and prevent wear and tear on the teeth. Don't be shy about squirting on the threading oil. You can't use too much lubricant during this process. Turn the handle back counterclockwise about 3/4 of the way, then ratchet it clockwise as far as you can go, using your bodyweight to help you turn it. Repeat this until all the die head's teeth are around the pipe, which means all the threads have been cut. If at any point you feel increased resistance while cutting, stop ratcheting and apply more threading oil to the exposed teeth of the die head. Pull up the little black knob next to the die head and turn it to reverse the direction of the ratchet handle. Ratchet it counterclockwise as far as it will go, then turn it back clockwise about 3/4 of the way, and repeat until you have unscrewed the teeth of the die head from the threads. When you have unscrewed the die head all the way, you can simply pull it to slide it off the end of the pipe. Seal the threads with 2-3 wraps of teflon tape before you attach any connectors or fittings. This will ensure a tight, well-sealed connection. You can also use a liquid pipe thread compound instead of Teflon tape to create a strong seal.

SUMMARY: Lubricate the exposed teeth of the die head. Keep ratcheting the handle until all the die head's teeth have cut into the pipe. Reverse the direction of the ratchet handle and ratchet it off the threads. Wrap Teflon tape clockwise around the threads at the end of the pipe.

INPUT ARTICLE: Article: Using NSAID painkillers can result in gastritis and ulcers and can reduce a substance called prostaglandin that protects the stomach. If you are taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like aspirin or ibuprofen for pain control, ask your doctor how to transition off of the drugs. Acute gastritis can also be caused by taking steroids (whether legal or illegal). If you are hurt or undergo surgery and need to take something for the pain, ask your doctor to prescribe you an alternative to NSAIDs. Even if you don't already have gastritis, try to take as small of a dosage of an NSAID as possible to stop your pain or inflammation. For most NSAIDs, this means that you shouldn't exceed 4 doses per day. Never continue the daily use of an NSAID for over 2 weeks, unless recommended by your doctor. Your doctor can prescribe enteric coated NSAIDs, which can help to protect your stomach lining. Another option is to vary the medications you use for pain, such as alternating NSAIDs with acetaminophen. Antacids are almost always sold over the counter (OTC), and include medications with milk of magnesia or aluminum. Antacids neutralize the acid in your stomach and so decrease the pain from gastritis. Common types of OTC antacids include Tums, Pepto-Bismol, and Alka-Seltzer. When taking this type of medication, always follow the directions printed on the label. If these mild antacids aren't strong enough to cure your gastritis, a doctor can prescribe you something that will decrease or neutralize acidic secretions and effectively protect the mucosae. PPIs are a class of medication which block acid from being secreted into your stomach. As a result of the decreased stomach acid, your stomach may be able to repair its damaged lining. Common over-the-counter PPI medications include Omeprazole and Lansoprazole. Follow the directions printed on the packaging regarding your daily dosage. Drinking an excessive amount of alcohol erodes the stomach's mucous membrane and increases the production of gastric acids. As a general rule of thumb, when trying to drink moderately, restrict your daily alcohol consumption to 1 drink for women and to 2 drinks for men. You can also dilute strong drinks with ice or soda water to dilute the concentration of alcohol as it enters your stomach. Never drink alcohol on an empty stomach, as this will increase your chances of getting stomach ulcers. to decrease the symptoms of acute gastritis. Emotional or nervous gastritis is an acute illness experienced by people under high levels of stress. Stress increases the production of gastric acid and deteriorates the stomach's mucous membrane. To reduce the amount of stress in your day-to-day life, try to avoid people, places, or situations that stress you out. To decrease your daily stress, also try to: Exercise at least 2-3 times a week. Physical activity stimulates the production of endorphins, which will raise your mood and decrease stress. Meditate once a week. Nowadays, you can find a wide variety of information, products and courses related to meditation through online and community resources. If that isn't your style, just take a few minutes each day to enjoy a personal moment of peace and quiet. Try aromatherapy. Dab a few drops of an essential oil onto a cotton ball and inhale. The aroma from essential oils can improve your mood and reduce stress. Try angelica, spearmint, and lavender essential oils in order to better control your stress level.

SUMMARY: Limit your use of painkillers. Take antacids to relieve pain from gastritis. Take a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) to decrease your stomach's acid production. Avoid consuming more than 1 or 2 alcoholic drinks daily. Manage stress

INPUT ARTICLE: Article: Some students will be naturally drawn to biology, while others will ask why they should care about it. All students will benefit if you can show how biological concepts and questions are relevant to daily life. This will deepen their appreciation of the science and make it more relatable. Do things like: Share with your class news items on medicine, DNA, the environment, population growth, and other topics that biology touches upon. Offer extra credit to students who will give a brief in-class report on a reference to a biological concept they came across in a television show, movie, etc. Ask them to explain the reference, what biological concept it dealt with, and why it is important. Talk about careers that draw on biology, such as medicine, pharmaceuticals, conservation, public health, etc. You can even invite individuals practicing in these fields to visit your class, talk about their work, and answer student questions. If you can make the study of biology tangible for students, they are likely to be more invested in their education. There are lots of ways of bringing biology to life, so to speak. Students can do things like: Plant a garden to learn about photosynthesis. Raise butterflies or other animals to learn about the life cycle. Dissect specimens to learn about anatomy. Test samples of store-bought yeast to see whether or not they are alive. Look at slides of various kinds of cells. Creating a little variety in the format of your instructional materials can make your biology course more lively. In addition to textbooks, try to incorporate videos, podcasts, and other forms of media when introducing topics in biology. There are lots of opportunities for those interested in technology to deepen their involvement with biology, and vice versa. Be open to new and exciting modes of instruction, and invite your students to share the technological concepts and tools that interest them. For instance: There are valuable resources devoted to using the popular game Minecraft in educational contexts, including biology courses. Allow students to utilize technology for assignments in your course. For instance, students with interest in web design might develop a website to illustrate a biological concept. A little friendly competition in the form of educational games can be a nice way to spice up your biology course. There are resources available for developing biology-centered versions of games like: Jeopardy Quiz bowl Taboo Pictionary Twenty questions An occasional trip outside of your classroom can be a welcome change of pace and a real opportunity to enrich student's understanding of biology. Depending on what is available in your area, and what your school will allow, you might be able to arrange a visit to places like: A local science museum A botanical garden A zoo A farm A research lab

SUMMARY:
Relate biology to everyday life. Incorporate hands-on activities. Incorporate multimedia materials. Look for ways to bridge technology and biology. Utilize science games to teach biology. Host biology-centered field trips.