Ques: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Matched pairs of chromosomes in a diploid organism are called homologous ("same knowledge") chromosomes. Homologous chromosomes are the same length and have specific nucleotide segments called genes in exactly the same location, or locus. Genes, the functional units of chromosomes, determine specific characteristics by coding for specific proteins. Traits are the variations of those characteristics. For example, hair color is a characteristic with traits that are blonde, brown, or black. Each copy of a homologous pair of chromosomes originates from a different parent; therefore, the genes themselves are not identical. The variation of individuals within a species is due to the specific combination of the genes inherited from both parents. Even a slightly altered sequence of nucleotides within a gene can result in an alternative trait. For example, there are three possible gene sequences on the human chromosome that code for blood type: sequence A, sequence B, and sequence O. Because all diploid human cells have two copies of the chromosome that determines blood type, the blood type (the trait) is determined by which two versions of the marker gene are inherited. It is possible to have two copies of the same gene sequence on both homologous chromosomes, with one on each (for example, AA, BB, or OO), or two different sequences, such as AB. Minor variations of traits, such as blood type, eye color, and handedness, contribute to the natural variation found within a species. However, if the entire DNA sequence from any pair of human homologous chromosomes is compared, the difference is less than one percent. The sex chromosomes, X and Y, are the single exception to the rule of homologous chromosome uniformity: Other than a small amount of homology that is necessary to accurately produce gametes, the genes found on the X and Y chromosomes are different. Q: What functional units of chromosomes determine specific characteristics by coding for specific proteins? Choices: - chromosomes - DNA - cells - genes A:
Ans: genes

Ques: Answer the following question given this paragraph: During active transport, specialized integral membrane proteins recognize the substance and allows it access. Essentially this process is forcing a ion or molecule to cross the membrane when normally it would not. Moving a substance against its concentration gradient is known as primary active transport , and the proteins involved in it as "pumps". This process uses the energy of ATP. In secondary active transport , energy from an electrochemical gradient is used to transport substances. This process involves pore-forming proteins that form channels through the cell membrane. Q: What phenomenon involves the forcing of a substance into a cell against its concentration gradient? Choices: - active absorption - osmosis - secondary transport - primary active transport A:
Ans: primary active transport

Ques: Answer the following question given this paragraph: 7. Like the Richter scale, the moment magnitude scale is logarithmic. The 2011 Tohoku earthquake in Japan was 9.0 and did tremendous damage. A few months earlier, an 8.8 struck Chile and did much less damage. Why?. Q: What type of scale is the richter scale? Choices: - dimensional - algorithmic - asymmetric - logarithmic A:
Ans: logarithmic

Ques: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The testes produce sperm and secrete testosterone. Q: The testes produce sperm and secrete what? Choices: - thyroxine - melanin - estrogen - testosterone A:
Ans:
testosterone