Answer the following question given this paragraph: Charging by Induction It is not necessary to transfer excess charge directly to an object in order to charge it. Figure 18.13 shows a method of induction wherein a charge is created in a nearby object, without direct contact. Here we see two neutral metal spheres in contact with one another but insulated from the rest of the world. A positively charged rod is brought near one of them, attracting negative charge to that side, leaving the other sphere positively charged. This is an example of induced polarization of neutral objects. Polarization is the separation of charges in an object that remains neutral. If the spheres are now separated (before the rod is pulled away), each sphere will have a net charge. Note that the object closest to the charged rod receives an opposite charge when charged by induction. Note also that no charge is removed from the charged rod, so that this process can be repeated without depleting the supply of excess charge. Another method of charging by induction is shown in Figure 18.14. The neutral metal sphere is polarized when a charged rod is brought near it. The sphere is then grounded, meaning that a conducting wire is run from the sphere to the ground. Since the earth is large and most ground is a good conductor, it can supply or accept excess charge easily. In this case, electrons are attracted to the sphere through a wire called the ground wire, because it supplies a conducting path to the ground. The ground connection is broken before the charged rod is removed, leaving the sphere with an excess charge opposite to that of the rod. Again, an opposite charge is achieved when charging by induction and the charged rod loses none of its excess charge. Q: What causes polarization in a neutral object? A:

OPTIONS:
- meaning of charges
- combining of charges
- signaling of charges
- separation of charges

Answer: separation of charges

Problem: OPTIONS:
- sponge
- coral
- seawater
- algae
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Algae play significant roles as producers in aquatic ecosystems. Microscopic forms live suspended in the water column. They are the main component of phytoplankton . As such, they contribute to the food base of most marine ecosystems. Q: What is the main component of phytoplankton? A:
Answer: algae

Problem:OPTIONS:
- vacuole
- nucleolus
- molecule
- organelle

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Eukaryotic cells also contain other organelles besides the nucleus. An organelle is a structure within the cytoplasm that performs a specific job in the cell. Organelles called mitochondria, for example, provide energy to the cell, and organelles called vacuoles store substances in the cell. Organelles allow eukaryotic cells to carry out more functions than prokaryotic cells can. This allows eukaryotic cells to have greater cell specificity than prokaryotic cells. Ribosomes, the organelle where proteins are made, are the only organelles in prokaryotic cells. Q: What is the term for a structure within the cytoplasm that performs a specific job in the cell? A:
****
A: organelle

Answer the following question given this paragraph: There are a variety of types of movable joints, which are illustrated in Figure below . The joints are classified by how they move. For example, a ball-and-socket joint, such as the shoulder, has the greatest range of motion, allowing movement in several directions. Other movable joints, including hinge joints such as the knee, allow less movement. Q: What type of joint has the greatest range of motion? A:
OPTIONS:
- Hinge
- Gliding
- Pivot
- ball-and-socket
ball-and-socket

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Figure 13.6 Bacteria are divided into two major groups: Gram-positive and Gram-negative. Both groups have a cell wall composed of peptidoglycans: In Gram-positive bacteria, the wall is thick, whereas in Gram-negative bacteria, the wall is thin. In Gram-negative bacteria, the cell wall is surrounded by an outer membrane. Q: Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria are distinguished by thickness of what? A:
OPTIONS:
- cell membrane
- cell weight
- cell length
- cell wall

Answer: cell wall

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Dietary proteins are broken down during digestion to provide the amino acids needed for protein synthesis. Any extra proteins in the diet not needed for this purpose are used for energy or stored as fat. One gram of proteins provides 4 Calories of energy. Eating protein provides the amino acids for your cells to produce your own antibodies, muscle fibers and enzymes (as well as many other types of proteins). Q: What are broken down during digestion to provide the amino acids needed for protein synthesis? A:
OPTIONS:
- sugars
- carbohydrates
- metabolytes
- dietary proteins
output:
dietary proteins