In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.

Ex Input:
Objective-To determine the rate of sinusitis complicating upper respiratory tract illnesses (URIs) for children in whom we prospectively identified the clinical, virologic, and epidemiologic characteristics of URIs in a population of 4 to 7 year old children followed for one year. Study design-This was an observational cohort study in two primary care pediatric practices in Madison, WI. Nasal samples were obtained during 4 asymptomatic surveillance visits and during symptomatic URIs. A polymerase chain reaction-based assay for 9 respiratory viruses was performed on nasal samples. A diagnosis of sinusitis was based on published criteria. Results-236 children ages 48-96 months were enrolled. A total of 327 URIs were characterized. The mean number of URIs per child was 1.3 (range 0-9) per year. Viruses were detected in 81% of URIs; rhinovirus (RV) was most common. Seventy-two percent of URIs were resolved clinically by the tenth day. RV-A and RV-C were detected more frequently at URI visits; RV-B was detected at the same rate for both asymptomatic surveillance visits and URI visits. Sinusitis was diagnosed in 8.8% of symptomatic URIs. Viruses were detected frequently (33%) in samples from asymptomatic children. Conclusions-Sinusitis occured in 8.8% of symptomatic URIs in our study. The virus most frequently detected with URIs in children was RV; RV-A and RV-C detection but not RV-B detection were associated with illness. Viruses, especially RV, are detected frequently in asymptomatic children. Most URIs have improved or resolved by the tenth day after onset. Children experienced a mean of 1.3 URIs per year which was lower than expected.

Ex Output:
Clinical Features, Virus Identification and Sinusitis as a Complication of Upper Respiratory Tract Illness in Children Ages 4-7 Years HHS Public Access

Ex Input:
One sentence summary: CmpA is an OmpA-like protein in Legionella pneumophila that is required for efficient intracellular replication in both primary macrophages and in the environmental host Acanthamoeba castellanii. Editor: Akio Nakane The OmpA-like protein domain has been associated with peptidoglycan-binding proteins, and is often found in virulence factors of bacterial pathogens. The intracellular pathogen Legionella pneumophila encodes for six proteins that contain the OmpA-like domain, among them the highly conserved uncharacterized protein we named CmpA. Here we set out to characterize the CmpA protein and determine its contribution to intracellular survival of L. pneumophila. Secondary structure analysis suggests that CmpA is an inner membrane protein with a peptidoglycan-binding domain at the C-teminus. A cmpA mutant was able to replicate normally in broth, but failed to compete with an isogenic wild-type strain in an intracellular growth competition assay. The cmpA mutant also displayed significant intracellular growth defects in both the protozoan host Acanthamoeba castellanii and in primary bone marrow-derived macrophages, where uptake into the cells was also impaired. The cmpA phenotypes were completely restored upon expression of CmpA in trans. The data presented here establish CmpA as a novel virulence factor of L. pneumophila that is required for efficient intracellular replication in both mammalian and protozoan hosts.

Ex Output:
A conserved OmpA-like protein in Legionella pneumophila required for efficient intracellular replication

Ex Input:
To monitor oseltamivir-resistant infl uenza viruses A (H1N1) (ORVs) with H275Y in neuraminidase (NA) in Japan during 2 infl uenza seasons, we analyzed 3,216 clinical samples by NA sequencing and/or NA inhibition assay. The total frequency of ORVs was 2.6% (45/1,734) during the 2007-08 season and 99.7% (1,477/1,482) during the 2008-09 season, indicating a marked increase in ORVs in Japan during 1 infl uenza season. The NA gene of ORVs in the 2007-08 season fell into 2 distinct lineages by D354G substitution, whereas that of ORVs in the 2008-09 season fell into 1 lineage. NA inhibition assay and M2 sequencing showed that almost all the ORVs were sensitive to zanamivir and amantadine. The hemagglutination inhibition test showed that ORVs were antigenetically similar to the 2008-09 vaccine strain A/Brisbane/59/2007. Our data indicate that the current vaccine or zanamivir and amantadine are effective against recent ORVs, but continuous surveillance remains necessary.

Ex Output:
Oseltamivir-Resistant Infl uenza Viruses A (H1N1) during 2007-2009 Infl uenza Seasons, Japan the Working Group for Infl uenza Virus Surveillance in Japan 1