Q: Information: - Osteichthyes , popularly referred to as the bony fish, is a diverse taxonomic group of fish that have skeletons primarily composed of bone tissue, as opposed to cartilage. The vast majority of fish are members of Osteichthyes, which is an extremely diverse and abundant group consisting of 45 orders, and over 435 families and 28,000 species. It is the largest class of vertebrates in existence today. The group Osteichthyes is divided into the ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii) and lobe-finned fish (Sarcopterygii). The oldest known fossils of bony fish are about 420million years ago, which are also transitional fossils, showing a tooth pattern that is in between the tooth rows of sharks and bony fishes. - Lungfish (also known as salamanderfish) are freshwater fish belonging to the subclass Dipnoi. Lungfish are best known for retaining characteristics primitive within the Osteichthyes, including the ability to breathe air, and structures primitive within Sarcopterygii, including the presence of lobed fins with a well-developed internal skeleton. - Rhinodipterus is an extinct genus of prehistoric dipnoan sarcopterygian or lobe - finned fish , that lived in the Devonian Period , between 416 and 359 million years ago . It is believed to have inhabited shallow , salt - water reefs , and is one of the earliest known examples of marine lungfish . Research published in 2010 based on an exceptionally well - preserved specimen from the Gogo Formation of Australia has shown that Rhinodipterus has cranial ribs attached to its braincase and was probably adapted for air - breathing to some degree . This could be the only case known for a marine lungfish with air - breathing adpatations . - The Sarcopterygii or lobe-finned fish (from Greek "sarx", flesh, and "pteryx", fin) sometimes considered synonymous with Crossopterygii ("fringe-finned fish", from Greek "krossos", fringe) constitute a clade (traditionally a class or subclass) of the bony fish, though a strict cladistic view includes the terrestrial vertebrates. The living sarcopterygians are the coelacanths and lungfish; additionally, all tetrapods are sarcopterygians or descendants of them. After reading the paragraphs above, we are interested in knowing the entity with which 'rhinodipterus' exhibits the relationship of 'parent taxon'. Find the answer from the choices below. Choices: - actinopterygii - crossopterygii - dipnoi - osteichthyes - sarcopterygii
A: dipnoi

Q: Information: - The Sans Arc , or Itazipho ( Itazipcola , Hazipco - '' Those who hunt without bows '' ) in Lakota , are a subdivision of the Lakota people . Sans Arc is the French translation of the Lakota name which means , '' Without bows . '' The translator of Wooden Leg : A Warrior Who Fought Custer renders the name as Arrows all Gone . They live in the Cheyenne River Reservation . One of the many folk etymologies of the Lakota name tells the following story : The true meaning of Itazipacola is '' no markings '' . This referred to the fact that the Itazipco were so generous they did not mark their arrows ( they were usually marked so that braves could claim the bison they killed ( etc. ) ; that way everyone could share the meat of the hunt . This is why when the Creator wanted to give the pipe to the Lakota , the White Buffalo Woman Wopi brought it to the Itazipco , because they would always be willing to share it . - The Lakota people (pronounced ; also known as Teton, Thituwa ("prairie dwellers"), and Teton Sioux are part of a confederation of seven related Sioux tribes, the Ohethi Sakowi or seven council fires, and as such one of the indigenous peoples of the Great Plains of North America. They speak the Lakota language, the westernmost of the three Siouan language groups, occupying lands in both North and South Dakota. - The Great Plains is the broad expanse of flat land (a plain), much of it covered in prairie, steppe and grassland, that lies west of the Mississippi River tallgrass prairie states and east of the Rocky Mountains in the United States and Canada. This area covers parts, but not all, of the states of Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming, Minnesota, Iowa and the Canadian provinces of Alberta, Manitoba and Saskatchewan. The region is known for supporting extensive cattle ranching and dry farming. - North America is a continent entirely within the Northern Hemisphere and almost all within the Western Hemisphere. It can also be considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the west and south by the Pacific Ocean, and to the southeast by South America and the Caribbean Sea. - South Dakota is a state located in the Midwestern region of the United States. It is named after the Lakota and Dakota Sioux Native American tribes, who compose a significant portion of the population and historically dominated the entire territory. South Dakota is the 17th most expansive, but the 5th least populous and the 5th least densely populated of the 50 United States. Once the southern portion of the Dakota Territory, South Dakota became a state on November 2, 1889, simultaneously with North Dakota. Pierre is the state capital and Sioux Falls, with a population of about 171,000, is South Dakota's largest city. - Lakota ("Lakotiyapi"), also referred to as Lakhota, Teton or Teton Sioux, is a Siouan language spoken by the Lakota people of the Sioux tribes. Though generally taught and considered by speakers as a separate language, Lakota is mutually intelligible with the other two languages (cf. Dakota language), and is considered by most linguists one of the three major varieties of the Sioux language. The Lakota language represents one of the largest Native American language speech communities in the United States, with approximately 2,000 speakers living mostly in northern plains states of North Dakota and South Dakota. There is a Lakota language program online available for children to use. There is also a Lakota Language Program with classes for children at Red Cloud Indian School. - The Sioux are groups of Native American tribes and First Nations peoples in North America. The term can refer to any ethnic group within the Great Sioux Nation or to any of the nation's many language dialects. The Sioux comprise three major divisions based on language divisions: the Dakota, Lakota, and Nakota. After reading the paragraphs above, we are interested in knowing the entity with which 'sans arc' exhibits the relationship of 'instance of'. Find the answer from the choices below. Choices: - city - confederation - continent - council - ethnic group - first nations - group - indigenous peoples - language - nation - ocean - part - people - plain - population - prairie - region - river - speech - state - steppe - subcontinent - three
A: ethnic group