Take a dry measuring cup and scoop it into a container of brown sugar. Use your fingers, the palm of your hand, or the back of a spoon to press the sugar down as much as you can. This will give you an accurate measurement. The brown sugar should keep the shape of the measuring cup when you dump it out. If it spills out like sand, it wasn't packed down enough and you don't have enough sugar in your recipe. Since flour can pack down as it sits, stir it a little before measuring. This will break it up and introduce a little air. Dip your dry measuring cup into the flour so the cup is overflowing. You can then level off the excess by using a bench scraper or another flat kitchen tool or handle. You can stir the flour using a spoon, a knife, or a whisk. Just use something that will move the flour around a little and break it up. You'll usually see sifting mentioned when baking with powdered sugar. This is because powdered sugar forms a lot of little lumps as it sits. Avoid scooping and measuring powdered sugar while it's still lumpy or it won't mix into your other ingredients well and you'll end up with small lumps of powdered sugar. Always sift powdered sugar before measuring or weighing it. For example, if you don't sift the powdered sugar, but just mix it into butter for a frosting recipe, you'll end up with small white lumps of sugar in your frosting.
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One-sentence summary -- Measure brown sugar. Measure flour. Measure powdered sugar.

Immediate relief can also be provided by balms that contain menthol or another ingredient that soothe skin and muscles. Some popular types of balms include Icy Hot, Bengay and Aspercreme. NSAIDs, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen and aspirin provide effective pain relief and are available over the counter. Be sure to take no more than the recommended dosage. Muscle relaxants are useful in relaxing muscles and providing relief from a stiff or sore neck. They should only be used as short-term relievers, and they are best taken right before you plan to go to sleep. Use a muscle relaxant if other methods like stretching and heat or cold therapy are not working. Muscle relaxants may contain other medicines. Read the directions carefully to take the proper dosage.
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One-sentence summary -- Apply a topical analgesic. Take ibuprofen or aspirin. Try a muscle relaxant.

Most fryers can handle a bird up to 18 pounds (8.2kg), but you risk displacing too much oil if you use the largest size that will fit into your fryer. Also, smaller birds tend to cook more evenly. You can estimate about 1 serving of turkey for every pound (0.4 kg) of bird, so a 15 pounds (6.8kg) turkey will serve up to 15 people. Leave your turkey in the refrigerator until it's thawed out. It's extremely important that your turkey be completely thawed out before you attempt to fry it. Ice crystals can cause your oil to spatter or even explode, which can cause severe burns to anyone standing nearby. Allow your turkey to thaw for 24 hours for each 5 pounds (2.3kg) of weight. For instance, a 15 pounds (6.8kg) turkey would need to defrost in the refrigerator for 3 days. To make sure the turkey is completely thawed, feel it inside and out to make sure there are no cold or hard spots in the meat. Be sure to check between the ribs inside of the turkey's cavity, since this is often the last place to thaw. and the neck if your turkey is fresh. Most turkeys you buy from the grocery store already have the neck removed, but if you have a fresh one, it may still be attached. This will help ensure that the oil can flow freely through the bird, helping it to cook more evenly. Most frozen turkeys will already have this done, but fresh turkeys will not. The turkey should be covered by about 12 inch (1.3cm) of water, and you should have 5 inches (13cm) between the water level and the top of the fryer. You can either measure the water as you put it into the pot or after you remove the turkey. If you don't have enough space between the water and your fryer, you run the risk of oil splashing out while your turkey is cooking. Dry the frying pot thoroughly after you pour out the water. Make sure to do this step before you dry and season the turkey. Feel inside the cavity and between the ribs to make sure there are no remaining ice crystals, then use paper towels to completely dry the turkey inside and out. You can purchase a prepared rub or you can make your own blend from your favorite seasonings. Carefully separate the skin from the meat of the bird, then place most of the rub beneath the skin. You can use any remaining rub inside of the cavity and on the skin. Some people prefer to brine their turkey in saltwater or inject it with a liquid seasoning. These methods are not recommended, since the extra liquid can cause the oil in your fryer to spatter.
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One-sentence summary -- Choose a turkey that's about 15 pounds (6.8kg). Defrost your turkey completely before you fry it. Remove the giblets Open the neck cavity and make a small slit where the turkey legs meet the breast. Place the turkey in the fryer and cover it with water to measure the oil you'll need. Double-check that your turkey is completely thawed out and dry. Season the bird with a dry rub.

Neurodermatitis is a skin condition characterized by chronic itching and compulsive scratching and can be caused by stress or over-scratching an initial irritation, which now remains itchy due to the repeated scratching. The repeated scratching and picking at the same area can create thick, scaly skin that itches even more. Signs of neurodermatitis include patches of red, scaly, or leathery skin and the inability to prevent yourself from scratching the same spot on your body. Reducing the amount that your skin itches can help you break the itch-scratch cycle that causes neurodermatitis. Pick up some over-the-counter antihistamines from your local pharmacy and take them as directed to get rid of the itch that compels you to scratch. Topical hydrocortisone creams can provide a similar soothing effect. Soft and comfortable clothes won't make your skin itchy, which will help reduce your urge to scratch. Choose well-fitting cotton clothes that also allows your skin to breath so you don't sweat. It can be hard to resist the urge to scratch the affected area when you're asleep. Cut your fingernails short and wear gloves at night to prevent damage while sleeping. You can also bandage the area with a soft material to prevent you from scratching while you sleep. Use moisturizing creams and lotions to keep your skin hydrated so it can heal and won't be as painful or itchy. Add 1/2 cup (40 g) of uncooked oatmeal to your lukewarm baths to soothe and hydrate your skin. Moisturize your skin immediately after you bathe or shower. Remember to pat yourself dry with a towel, don't rub or abrade your skin further. If you aren't able to control your scratching and your skin is really inflamed or painful, talk to your doctor about other treatment options. They may be able to recommend strategies or medications you can use to relieve your symptoms and control your scratching. They can also refer you to a therapist who can help you manage your scratching. A few possible treatment options include: Psychotherapy Stress-relief techniques or anti-anxiety treatments Corticosteroids Light therapy Botulinum (Botox) therapies Anti-inflammatories
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One-sentence summary --
Look for dry skin and a scratching compulsion to identify neurodermatitis. Take an oral antihistamine to help reduce itchiness. Wear soft cotton clothing to minimize irritation. Protect your skin from overnight scratching. Keep the affected area well moisturized. Consult a physician about further treatment if your symptoms get worse.