Answer the following question given this paragraph: Basal Ganglia Interconnected brain areas called the basal ganglia (or basal nuclei), shown in Figure 35.20b, play important roles in movement control and posture. Damage to the basal ganglia, as in Parkinson's disease, leads to motor impairments like a shuffling gait when walking. The basal ganglia also regulate motivation. For example, when a wasp sting led to bilateral basal ganglia damage in a 25-year-old businessman, he began to spend all his days in bed and showed no interest in anything or anybody. But when he was externally stimulatedas when someone asked to play a card game with himhe was able to function normally. Interestingly, he and other similar patients do not report feeling bored or frustrated by their state. Thalamus The thalamus (Greek for "inner chamber"), illustrated in Figure 35.24, acts as a gateway to and from the cortex. It receives sensory and motor inputs from the body and also receives feedback from the cortex. This feedback mechanism can modulate conscious awareness of sensory and motor inputs depending on the attention and arousal state of the animal. The thalamus helps regulate consciousness, arousal, and sleep states. A rare genetic disorder called fatal familial insomnia causes the degeneration of thalamic neurons and glia. This disorder prevents affected patients from being able to sleep, among other symptoms, and is eventually fatal. Q: What helps to regulate consciousness, arousal, and sleep states? Choices: - hypothalamus - hippocampus - cerebral cortex - thalamus A:
thalamus
(Question)
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Harmless fungi can be used to control pathogenic bacteria and insect pasts on crops. Fungi compete with bacteria for nutrients and space, and they parasitize insects that eat plants. Fungi reduce the need for pesticides and other toxic chemicals. Q: What reduces the need for pesticides and other toxic chemicals? Choices: - pollen - helium - yeast - fungi A:
(Answer)
fungi
Ques: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Work is defined as the product of a force times the distance over which the force acts. The force and the distance must act along the same line; if the angle between them is not (or ) then you must use the component of force; hence the in the equation. Q: What is defined as the product of a force times the distance over which the force acts? Choices: - matter - motion - energy - work A:
Ans: work
(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Movable joints are also known as synovial joints. This is because the space between the bones is filled with a thick fluid, called synovial fluid, that cushions the joint (see Figure below ). Q: What is the thick fluid in the space between bones that cushions the joint? Choices: - interstitial fluid - amniotic fluid - collagen - synovial fluid A:
(A).
synovial fluid
Ques:Answer the following question given this paragraph: Smooth muscle is found in the walls of other internal organs such as the stomach. It isn't striated because its muscle fibers are arranged in sheets rather than bundles. Contractions of smooth muscle are involuntary. When smooth muscles in the stomach contract, they squeeze food inside the stomach. This helps break the food into smaller pieces. Q: What type of muscle is found in the walls of other internal organs such as the stomach? Choices: - Fiber Muscle - inorganic muscle - Tube Muscle - smooth muscle A:

Ans:smooth muscle
Answer the following question given this paragraph: A gene pool is the complete set of unique alleles in a species or population. Mutations create variation in the gene pool. Populations with a large gene pool are said to be genetically diverse and very robust. They are able to survive intense times of natural selection against certain phenotypes. During these times of selection, individuals with less favorable phenotypes resulting from deleterious alleles (due to mutations) may be selected against and removed from the population. Concurrently, the more favorable mutations that cause beneficial or advantageous phenotypes tend to accumulate in that population, resulting, over time, in evolution. In fact, without any change in the gene pool, without any new alleles added due to new mutations, evolution could not occur. Genetic change is the driving force of evolution. In fact, evolution can be genetically defined as the change allele frequencies over time. Q: What increases the size of a population's gene pool? Choices: - mass extinction - microbes - natural selection - mutations A:
mutations