Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Example Input: Surgical site infections (SSIs) after colectomy for colon cancer (CC), Crohn's disease (CD), and diverticulitis (DD) significantly impact both the immediate postoperative course and long-term disease-specific outcomes. We aim to profile the effect of diagnosis on SSI after segmental colectomy using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) data set.", "NSQIP data from 2006 to 2011 were investigated, and segmental colectomy procedures performed for the diagnoses of Crohn's disease, DD, and colon malignancy were included. SSI complications were compared by diagnosis using univariate and multivariate analysis.", 'We included 35,557 colectomy cases in the analysis. CD had the highest rate of postoperative SSI (17 vs. 13% DD vs. 10% CC; p<0.001). Using CC as the comparison group and controlling for multiple variables, the multivariate analysis showed that the CD group had an increased risk for acquiring at least one SSI (odds ratio (OR)=1.38, p0.001), deep incisional SSI (OR=1.85, p=0.03), and organ space SSI (OR=1.51, p=0.02).
Example Output: Is crohn 's disease but not diverticulitis an independent risk factor for surgical site infections in colectomy?

Example Input: To examine the effect of TRIB3 on endoplasmic reticulum stress induced -cell apoptosis and to investigate the mechanism with a specific emphasis on the role of NF-B pathway.', 'We investigated the effect of TRIB3 on ER stress-induced -cell apoptosis in INS-1 cells and primary rodent islets. The potential role of TRIB3 in ER stress inducer thapsigargin (Tg)-induced -cell apoptosis was assessed using overexpression and siRNA knockdown approaches. Inducible TRIB3 -cells, regulated by the tet-on system, were used for sub-renal capsule transplantation in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic mice, to study the effect of TRIB3 on ER stress-induced -cell apoptosis in vivo. Apoptosis was determined by TUNEL staining both in vivo and in vitro, while the molecular mechanisms of NF-B activation were investigated.', 'TRIB3 was induced in ER-stressed INS-1 cells and rodent islets, and its overexpression was accompanied by increased -cell apoptosis. Specifically, TRIB3 overexpression enhanced Tg-induced INS-1 derived -cell apoptosis both in vitro and in sub-renal capsular transplantation animal model. Additionally, knockdown of Trib3 blocked Tg-induced apoptosis. Mechanistically, the induction of TRIB3 during ER stress resulted in the activation of NF-B and aggravated INS-1 derived -cell apoptosis, while inhibiting the NF-B pathway significantly abrogated this response and prevented -cell apoptosis, both in vitro and in sub-renal capsular transplantation animal model.
Example Output: Does tRIB3 alter endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced -cell apoptosis via the NF-B pathway?

Example Input: In many areas of orthopaedics, patients with greater levels of psychological distress report inferior self-assessments of pain and function. This effect can lead to lower-than-expected baseline scores on common patient-reported outcome scales, even those not traditionally considered to have a psychological component.', 'This study attempts to answer the following questions: (1) Are higher levels of psychological distress associated with clinically important differences in baseline scores on the VAS for pain, the Simple Shoulder Test, and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score in patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair? (2) Does psychological distress remain a negative predictor of baseline shoulder scores when other clinical variables are controlled?', 'Eighty-five patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tears were prospectively enrolled. Psychological distress was quantified using the Distress Risk Assessment Method questionnaire. Patients completed baseline self-assessments including the VAS for pain, the Simple Shoulder Test, and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score. Age, sex, BMI, smoking status, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, tear size, and tear retraction were recorded for each patient. Bivariate correlations and multivariate regression models were used to assess the effect of psychological distress on patient self-assessment of shoulder pain and function.', 'Distressed patients reported higher baseline VAS scores (6.7 [95% CI, 4.4-9.0] versus 2.9 [95% CI, 2.3-3.6], p=0.001) and lower baseline Simple Shoulder Test (3.7 [95% CI, 2.9-4.5] versus 5.7 [95% CI 5.0-6.4], p=0.001) and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores (39 [95% CI, 34-45] versus 58 [95% CI, 53-63], p<0.001). Distress remained associated with higher VAS scores (p=0.001) and lower Simple Shoulder Test (p<0.001) and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores (p<0.001) when age, sex, BMI, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, smoking status, tear size, and tear retraction were controlled.
Example Output:
Does psychological distress negatively affect self-assessment of shoulder function in patients with rotator cuff tears?