Article: The formula for calculating the price-earnings ratio for any stock is simple: the market value per share divided by the earnings per share (EPS). This is represented as the equation (P/EPS), where P is the market price and EPS is the earnings per share. Of the two variables used the P/E equation, market price is the easier to find. Market value per share is simply how much it costs to buy a share of any publicly-traded company on the stock Market. On November 4, 2015, for example, it cost $103.94 to buy one share of Facebook. Find a stock's current price by searching online either for its stock symbol (usually four or fewer letters) or the full name of the company followed by "stock." Stock prices are constantly fluctuating and the P/E ratio of a company fluctuates with them. When choosing a market price to use in your calculation, don't worry about choosing any averages, highs, or lows of the stock price; the current price will work fine. The only time you need to choose a specific price is when you are comparing the P/E ratios of two different companies. In this case, the chosen approximation, whether it is the opening price on a certain day or the current price at this minute, should be found in the same way for both companies. Financial analysts generally use what is called a trailing P/E ratio. In this case, EPS is calculated by taking a company's net income over the last four quarters (twelve months), account for any stock splits, and then dividing by the number of shares outstanding. However, they may also use a forward, or projected, P/E ratio that uses expected earnings over the next four quarters. EPS is usually provided on finance websites as a part of a freely available stock report and is easy to find with a web search. If you want to calculate EPS yourself, however, the formula is generally as follows: (Net Income - Dividends on Preferred Stock / Average Outstanding Shares of Common Stock). Note that some sources use the number of shares being traded at the end of the period rather than the average over the period. Because of slight variations in formula, different sources may report different EPS values for the same company. However, these are generally averaged together to produce an average EPS. Once you have the formula and your two variables, simply input your values to calculate the P/E ratio. Let's try an example using a real publicly-traded company, Yahoo! Inc. As of November 5, 2015, Yahoo!'s stock was trading at 35.14. We have the first part of our equation, the numerator, or 35.14 We'll need to calculate Yahoo!'s EPS. You can just type "Yahoo!" and "EPS" into a search engine if don't want to calculate EPS yourself. As of November 5, 2015, Yahoo!'s EPS was $.25 per share. Divide 35.14 by .25 to get 140.56. Yahoo!'s price-earnings ratio is approximately 141.
Question: What is a summary of what this article is about?
Know the formula. Find the market price. Calculate or find the Earnings per share. Calculate the price/earnings ratio.
Article: Ask him about any books, movies, or music that he likesmaybe you'll find something you have in common. You can also just chat about the classes you have together. Finding a mutual interest can help you form a connection. Try asking: "Do you play any sports?" or "What's your favorite movie?" Start up a conversation in the hallway between classes or after school. If he's already dating someone, or not interested in people of your gender, you can save yourself a lot of trouble by just being friends. If you're not sure if he's in a relationship, try checking social media or asking your friends. Try asking your friends or his friends, "Do you know if he's dating anyone?" This will make it pretty obvious you're interested in him, so be prepared for that. You can also ask him directly, if you're feeling bold: "Are you single?" Texting is a good way to flirt with someone, because you'll probably be less nervous than when you're talking in person. You can send him memes that made you think of him or talk about your day. If you have contact with him outside of school, it will let him know you are interested in getting to know him better. Try not to send too many text messages at once, and instead wait for him to respond. Dating in middle school can mean many different things. It might mean you hang out with him with groups of people, you him text a lot, you eat lunch together, or that you hang out outside of school. There's no one right way to date! It also might depend on how your parents feel about you dating. If your parents don't want you to date, try explaining that you will just hang out with him in groups, or that you will be back by a certain time.
Question: What is a summary of what this article is about?
Talk to him casually about what he's interested in. Find out if he's available. Text or message online to get to know him better. Decide if you want to date him.
Article: Homemade bread is a luxury that many elderly people cannot afford or make. Make several loaves and place the extras in the freezer, so that they can defrost and eat them at a later date. If it's hard for an older person to cook or navigate the kitchen, then a casserole is ideal. They can heat it up and eat this comfort food for days. " If you live nearby the person, promise to make a meal and it eat with them every month. This gesture will taste good and be an uplifting event for their year. Many elderly people spent years canning their own jams, jellies, pickles and more. Bring back memories and provide delicious, long-lasting food by giving something that may be sitting in your pantry.
Question: What is a summary of what this article is about?
Bake bread. Make a casserole. Give a personal gift certificate for a "meal of the month club. Gift your homemade canned goods.