Q: Unlike prokaryotic cells, dna and rna synthesis in eukaryotic cells occurs in a separate compartment from synthesis of what? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: In eukaryotic cells, DNA and RNA synthesis occur in a separate compartment from protein synthesis. In prokaryotic cells, both processes occur together. What advantages might there be to separating the processes? What advantages might there be to having them occur together? The size of the genome in one of the most well-studied prokaryotes, E. coli, is 4.6 million base pairs (approximately 1.1 mm, if cut and stretched out). So how does this fit inside a small bacterial cell? The DNA is twisted by what is known as supercoiling. Supercoiling means that DNA is either under-wound (less than one turn of the helix per 10 base pairs) or over-wound (more than 1 turn per 10 base pairs) from its normal relaxed state. Some proteins are known to be involved in the supercoiling; other proteins and enzymes such as DNA gyrase help in maintaining the supercoiled structure. Eukaryotes, whose chromosomes each consist of a linear DNA molecule, employ a different type of packing strategy to fit their DNA inside the nucleus (Figure 14.11). At the most basic level, DNA is wrapped around proteins known as histones to form structures called nucleosomes. The histones are evolutionarily conserved proteins that are rich in basic amino acids and form an octamer. The DNA (which is negatively charged because of the phosphate groups) is wrapped tightly around the histone core. This nucleosome is linked to the next one with the help of a linker DNA. This is also known as the "beads on a string" structure. This is further compacted into a 30 nm fiber, which is the diameter of the structure. At the metaphase stage, the chromosomes are at their most compact, are approximately 700 nm in width, and are found in association with scaffold proteins. In interphase, eukaryotic chromosomes have two distinct regions that can be distinguished by staining. The tightly packaged region is known as heterochromatin, and the less dense region is known as euchromatin. Heterochromatin usually contains genes that are not expressed, and is found in the regions of... Choices: - membrane - phenotype - acids - protein A:
protein

(Question)
Q: What do you call any substance that opposes coagulation? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: Plasma Anticoagulants An anticoagulant is any substance that opposes coagulation. Several circulating plasma anticoagulants play a role in limiting the coagulation process to the region of injury and restoring a normal, clot-free condition of blood. For instance, a cluster of proteins collectively referred to as the protein C system inactivates clotting factors involved in the intrinsic pathway. TFPI (tissue factor pathway inhibitor) inhibits the conversion of the inactive factor VII to the active form in the extrinsic pathway. Antithrombin inactivates factor X and opposes the conversion of prothrombin (factor II) to thrombin in the common pathway. And as noted earlier, basophils release heparin, a short-acting anticoagulant that also opposes prothrombin. Heparin is also found on the surfaces of cells lining the blood vessels. A pharmaceutical form of heparin is often administered therapeutically, for example, in surgical patients at risk for blood clots. Choices: - dissolvent - antibodies - toxin - anticoagulant A:
(Answer)
anticoagulant

Ques: Q: Large or small numbers are expressed in scientific notation, which use powers of this? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: Large or small numbers are expressed in scientific notation, which use powers of 10. Choices: - 2 - 4 - 16 - 10 A:
Ans: 10

(Q).
Q: Conifers are the most prevalent type of what plant group? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: There are only about 1,000 living species of gymnosperms, whereas there are hundreds of thousands of living species of angiosperms. Because angiosperms are so numerous and diverse, they are described separately below. Living gymnosperms are typically classified in the divisions described in Table below . Most modern gymnosperms are trees with woody trunks. The majority are conifers such as pine trees. Choices: - theropods - algae - angiosperms - gymnosperms A:
(A).
gymnosperms

Ques:Q: What ancestors did caecillians evolve from? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: Caecilians are most closely related to salamanders. As you can see from Figure below , they have a long, worm-like body without legs. Caecilians evolved from a tetrapod ancestor, but they lost their legs during the course of their evolution. Choices: - ornithopod - arthropod - hominid - tetrapod A:

Ans:tetrapod

Ques: Q: In machines that increase force, such as ramps and doorknobs and nutcrackers, what is the relation between output and input force? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: For machines that increase force including ramps, doorknobs, and nutcrackers the output force is greater than the input force. Therefore, the mechanical advantage is greater than 1. Choices: - drop is greater - output is smaller - input is greater - output is greater A:
Ans:
output is greater