instruction:
Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
question:
Despite the clinical efficacy of recombinant human erythropoietin (RHE) on chemotherapy-induced anemia, most cost-effectiveness studies have given unfavorable results.', 'To determine the cost of managing anemia in unselected patients receiving chemotherapy for lung cancer, and the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of RHE.', 'We constructed Markov models of two cohorts of patients who received (n=94) or did not receive (n=89) darbepoetin (one weekly injection when the hemoglobin level fell below 11 g/dl), focusing on changes in hemoglobin levels, transfusion requirements, anemia management costs, and the cost-effectiveness ratios of the two management strategies.', 'The use of RHE significantly reduced the proportion of patients needing transfusions (from 33.6% to 19.1%, p<0.05) and the number of red cell units used by transfusion (from 2.97+/-1.47 to 2.11+/-0.47, p<0.01). Markov modeling showed that the RHE strategy significantly increased the mean Hb level (13+/-0.5 g/dl versus 11.9+/-1g/dl, p<0.001), at the price of an increase in the main cost (respectively, US$ 1732+/-897 and 996+/-643; p<0.01). The cost-effectiveness ratio favored the RHE strategy (7.02 versus 9.04). Sensitivity analysis showed that the RHE strategy remained dominant in most situations.
answer:
Is routine once-weekly darbepoetin alfa administration cost-effective in lung cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced anemia : a Markov analysis?

question:
The antibacterial activity of antimicrobial peptides is influenced by various factors such as salt content, pH and the presence of proteins. In this study, we explored the antibacterial action of the human cathelicidin LL-37 in physiologically relevant conditions, i.e. various human wound fluids, human plasma fractions and serum.', 'Radial diffusion assays using Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were employed for the study of antibacterial effects of LL-37 in the presence of 12 different wound fluids, citrate-, heparin- or EDTA-plasma, or human serum. Glycosaminoglycan content of wound fluids was determined by an Alcian Blue-binding assay. Protein content of wound fluids was measured by the Bradford method. A slot-binding assay was used to study the effects of inhibitors on the interaction between LL-37 and glycosaminoglycans.', 'Five of twelve wound fluids derived from acute wounds showed marked inhibitory effects on the antibacterial action of LL-37. The inhibition was significantly correlated with high glycosaminoglycan content in wound fluid. Analogous to these findings, heparin-plasma strongly inhibited the antibacterial effect of LL-37. The interaction between LL-37 and glycosaminoglycans was abrogated by the cationic polymers DEAE-dextran and chitosan, yielding increased activity of LL-37.
answer:
Do glycosaminoglycans inhibit the antibacterial activity of LL-37 in biological fluids?

question:
To determine the impact of obesity on adipocyte cell size and long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) uptake kinetics in human subjects undergoing laparoscopic abdominal surgery.', 'A total of 10 obese patients (BMI 49.8+/-11.9 (s.d.) kg/m(2)) undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery, and 10 nonobese subjects (BMI 24.2+/-2.3 kg/m(2)) undergoing other clinically indicated laparoscopic abdominal surgical procedures.', 'Cell size distribution and [(3)H]oleic acid uptake kinetics were studied in adipocytes isolated from omental fat biopsies obtained during surgery. Adipocyte surface area (SA) was calculated from the measured cell diameters. Plasma leptin and insulin concentrations were measured by RIA in fasting blood samples obtained on the morning of surgery.', 'The mean SA of obese adipocytes (41 508+/-5381 mu(2)/cell) was increased 2.4-fold compared to that of nonobese adipocytes (16 928+/-6529 mu(2)/cell; P<0.01). LCFA uptake in each group was the sum of saturable and nonsaturable components. Both the V(max) of the saturable component (21.3+/-6.3 vs 5.1+/-1.9 pmol/s/50,000 cells) and the rate constant k of the nonsaturable component (0.015+/-0.002 vs 0.0066+/-0.0023 ml/s/50 000 cells) were increased (P<0.001) in obese adipocytes compared with nonobese controls. When expressed relative to cell size, V(max)/mu(2) SA was greater in obese than nonobese adipocytes (P<0.05), whereas k/mu(2) SA did not differ between the groups.
answer:
Is long-chain fatty acid uptake upregulated in omental adipocytes from patients undergoing bariatric surgery for obesity?