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Charley, B., McCullough, K. and Martinod, S., 1988. Antiviral and antigenic properties of recombinant porcine interferon gamma. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., Recombinant porcine interferon gamma (rPoIFN7) induced a dose-dependent inhibition of the cytopathic effect produced by vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) challenge of both homologous and heterologous (bovine) cell lines. In addition, an antiviral effect of rPoIFN7 was demonstrable against the coronavirus transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) infection of porcine epithelial cells and of pulmonary macrophages. A rabbit anti-PoIFN7 antiserum was prepared and shown to specifically neutralize the antiviral effects of natural and recombinant porcine IFN7 preparations. This antiserum could also neutralize recombinant bovine IFN7 but not recombinant human IFNT. These results suggest antigenic homology of porcine and bovine IFN~ but antigenic differences between these molecules and human IFNT.
Antiviral and Antigenic Properties of Recombinant Porcine Interferon Gamma

In the present studies , we report the cloning and structural characterization of the HFGL2 gene and its functional role in human fulminant hepatitis. The HFGL2 gene is approximately 7 kb in length with 2 exons. The putative promoter contains cis element consensus sequences that strongly suggest the inducibility of its expression. From the nucleotide sequence of the human gene , a 439-amino acid long protein is predicted. The overall identity between the murine fgl2 and hfgl2 coded proteins is over 70%. About 225 amino acids at the carboxyl end of these molecules are almost 90% identical , and correspond to a well-conserved fibrinogen-related domain. Both HFGL2 and FGL2 encode a type II transmembrane protein with a predicted catalytic domain toward the amino terminus of the protein. Transient transfection of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells with a fulllength cDNA of HFGL2 coding region resulted in high levels of prothrombinase activity. Livers from 8 patients transplanted for fulminant viral hepatitis were examined for extent of necrosis , inflammation, fibrin deposition , and HFGL2 induction. In situ hybridization showed positive staining of macrophages in areas of active hepatocellular necrosis. Fibrin stained positively in these areas and was confirmed by electron microscopy. These studies define a unique prothrombinase gene (HFGL2) and implicate its importance in the pathogenesis of fulminant viral hepatitis.
Molecular and Functional Analysis of the Human Prothrombinase Gene (HFGL2) and Its Role in Viral Hepatitis

Nonsynonymous-synonymous substitution rate ratio (d N /d S ) is an important measure for evaluating selective pressure based on the protein-coding sequences. Maximum likelihood (ML) method with codon-substitution models is a powerful statistic tool for detecting amino acid sites under positive selection and adaptive evolution. We analyzed the hepatitis C virus (HCV) envelope protein-coding sequences from 18 general geno/ subtypes worldwide, and found 4 amino acid sites under positive selection. Since these sites are located in different immune epitopes, it is reasonable to anticipate that our study would have potential values in biomedicine. It also suggests that the ML method is an effective way to detect adaptive evolution in virus proteins with relatively high genetic diversity.
Using maximum likelihood method to detect adaptive evolution of HCV envelope protein-coding genes