input: OPTIONS:
- respiration and dermis
- layers and dermis
- Blood and dermis
- epidermis and dermis Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Skin is made up of two layers, the epidermis on top and the dermis below. The tissue below the dermis is called the hypodermis, but it is not part of the skin. Q: What two layers is the skin made of? A:
A:
output: epidermis and dermis

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis are the three types of what? A:

OPTIONS:
- modulators
- mitosis
- nanoparticles
- endocytosis

Answer: endocytosis

Problem: OPTIONS:
- cardiovascular
- respiratory
- nervous
- digestive
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Invertebrate Digestive Systems Animals have evolved different types of digestive systems to aid in the digestion of the different foods they consume. The simplest example is that of a gastrovascular cavity and is found in organisms with only one opening for digestion. Platyhelminthes (flatworms), Ctenophora (comb jellies), and Cnidaria (coral, jelly fish, and sea anemones) use this type of digestion. Gastrovascular cavities, as shown in Figure 34.5a, are typically a blind tube or cavity with only one opening, the "mouth", which also serves as an "anus". Ingested material enters the mouth and passes through a hollow, tubular cavity. Cells within the cavity secrete digestive enzymes that break down the food. The food particles are engulfed by the cells lining the gastrovascular cavity. The alimentary canal, shown in Figure 34.5b, is a more advanced system: it consists of one tube with a mouth at one end and an anus at the other. Earthworms are an example of an animal with an alimentary canal. Once the food is ingested through the mouth, it passes through the esophagus and is stored in an organ called the crop; then it passes into the gizzard where it is churned and digested. From the gizzard, the food passes through the intestine, the nutrients are absorbed, and the waste is eliminated as feces, called castings, through the anus. Q: The simplest example of what type of 'organ system' is the gastrovascular cavity found in organisms with only one opening for the process? A:
Answer: digestive

Problem:OPTIONS:
- morphology
- entomology
- gerontology
- paleontology

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Paleontology, another branch of biology, uses fossils to study life's history (Figure 1.20). Zoology and botany are the study of animals and plants, respectively. Biologists can also specialize as biotechnologists, ecologists, or physiologists, to name just a few areas. This is just a small sample of the many fields that biologists can pursue. Biology is the culmination of the achievements of the natural sciences from their inception to today. Excitingly, it is the cradle of emerging sciences, such as the biology of brain activity, genetic engineering of custom organisms, and the biology of evolution that uses the laboratory tools of molecular biology to retrace the earliest stages of life on earth. A scan of news headlineswhether reporting on immunizations, a newly discovered species, sports doping, or a genetically-modified fooddemonstrates the way biology is active in and important to our everyday world. Q: What branch of biology uses fossils to study life's history? A:
****
A: paleontology

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Female monotremes lack a uterus and vagina. Instead, they have a cloaca with one opening, like the cloacas of reptiles and birds. The opening is used to excrete wastes as well as lay eggs. Q: Female monotremes lack a uterus and vagina. instead they have what? A:
OPTIONS:
- endometrium
- placenta
- urethra
- cloaca
cloaca

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Mammals generate heat mainly by keeping their metabolic rate high. The cells of mammals have many more mitochondria than the cells of other animals. The extra mitochondria generate enough energy to keep the rate of metabolism high. Mammals can also generate little bursts of heat by shivering. Shivering occurs when many muscles contract a little bit all at once. Each muscle that contracts produces a small amount of heat. Q: Mammals generate heat primarily by maintaining a high rate of what? A:
OPTIONS:
- reproduction
- respiration
- movement
- metabolism

Answer:
metabolism