Answer the following question given this paragraph: Osmotic Pressure The net pressure that drives reabsorptionthe movement of fluid from the interstitial fluid back into the capillariesis called osmotic pressure (sometimes referred to as oncotic pressure). Whereas hydrostatic pressure forces fluid out of the capillary, osmotic pressure draws fluid back in. Osmotic pressure is determined by osmotic concentration gradients, that is, the difference in the solute-to-water concentrations in the blood and tissue fluid. A region higher in solute concentration (and lower in water concentration) draws water across a semipermeable membrane from a region higher in water concentration (and lower in solute concentration). As we discuss osmotic pressure in blood and tissue fluid, it is important to recognize that the formed elements of blood do not contribute to osmotic concentration gradients. Rather, it is the plasma proteins that play the key role. Solutes also move across the capillary wall according to their concentration gradient, but overall, the concentrations should be similar and not have a significant impact on osmosis. Because of their large size and chemical structure, plasma proteins are not truly solutes, that is, they do not dissolve but are dispersed or suspended in their fluid medium, forming a colloid rather than a solution. Q: Which type of pressure forces fluid out of the capillary? Choices: - air - gas - combustion - hydrostatic A:
hydrostatic
Answer the following question given this paragraph: 19.4 Equipotential Lines We can represent electric potentials (voltages) pictorially, just as we drew pictures to illustrate electric fields. Of course, the two are related. Consider Figure 19.8, which shows an isolated positive point charge and its electric field lines. Electric field lines radiate out from a positive charge and terminate on negative charges. While we use blue arrows to represent the magnitude and direction of the electric field, we use green lines to represent places where the electric potential is constant. These are called equipotential lines in two dimensions, or equipotential surfaces in three dimensions. The term equipotential is also used as a noun, referring to an equipotential line or surface. The potential for a point charge is the same anywhere on an imaginary sphere of radius r surrounding the charge. This is true since the potential for a point charge is given by V = kQ / r and, thus, has the same value at any point that is a given distance r from the charge. An equipotential sphere is a circle in the two-dimensional view of Figure 19.8. Since the electric field lines point radially away from the charge, they are perpendicular to the equipotential lines. Q: Since the electric field lines point radially away from the charge, they are perpendicular to what? Choices: - singularity lines - archetypical lines - magnetic field lines - equipotential lines A:
equipotential lines
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: One important characteristic that determines the way in which elements behave is the total size of each atom. Free atoms are spherical in shape, so the relative sizes of the elements can be compared by looking at each atom's atomic radius , which is the distance from an atom's nucleus to the electrons in the outermost orbitals. You might expect atoms to generally grow larger as they go up in atomic number (which is equal to the total number of electrons in the neutral atom). Indeed, if you look at a single group of the periodic table, this trend holds true. Iodine is larger than bromine, which is in turn larger than chlorine and fluorine. In the case of a single group, each successive row places electrons in a higher principal energy level. Since higher energy levels are farther from the nucleus on average, this results in a larger total volume occupied by the atom. Q: Free atoms are spherical in shape, so the relative sizes of the elements can be compared by looking at each atom's atomic what? Choices: - weight - axis - angles - radius A:
A: radius
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Gastrulation The typical blastula is a ball of cells. The next stage in embryonic development is the formation of the body plan. The cells in the blastula rearrange themselves spatially to form three layers of cells. This process is called gastrulation. During gastrulation, the blastula folds upon itself to form the three layers of cells. Each of these layers is called a germ layer and each germ layer differentiates into different organ systems. The three germs layers, shown in Figure 43.26, are the endoderm, the ectoderm, and the mesoderm. The ectoderm gives rise to the nervous system and the epidermis. The mesoderm gives rise to the muscle cells and connective tissue in the body. The endoderm gives rise to columnar cells found in the digestive system and many internal organs. Q: What is the process of the blastula forming 3 layers of cells called? Choices: - Mitosis - internalization - fermentation - gastrulation A:
Answer: gastrulation
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: The electron beam scans the surface of the sample, usually coated with a thin film of which metal? Choices: - platinum - silver - copper - gold A:
**Answer**
gold
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: The elements are arranged in rows, each representing the filling of what shell? Choices: - plasma membrane - proton - neutron - electron A:
electron