What type of details about henry ossian flipper can be gathered from the following bio? Bio: henry ossian flipper -lrb- 21 march 1856 -- 3 may 1940 -rrb- was an american soldier , former slave , and the first african american to graduate from the united states military academy at west point in 1877 , earning a commission as a 2nd lieutenant in the us army . following flipper 's commission , he was transferred to one of the all-black regiments serving in the us army which were historically led by white officers . assigned to a troop under the command of captain nicholas m. nolan , he became the first nonwhite officer to lead buffalo soldiers of the 10th cavalry . flipper served with competency and distinction during the apache wars and the victorio campaign , but was haunted by rumors alleging improprieties . at one point , he was court martialed and dismissed from the us army . after losing his commission in the army , flipper worked throughout mexico and latin america and as an assistant to the secretary of the interior . he retired to atlanta in 1931 and died of natural causes in 1940 . in 1994 , his descendants applied to the us military for a review of flipper 's court martial and dismissal . a review found the conviction and punishment were '' unduly harsh and unjust '' and recommended flipper 's dismissal to be changed to a good conduct discharge . shortly afterwards , an application for pardon was filed with the secretary of the army , which was forwarded to the department of justice . president bill clinton pardoned lieutenant henry o. flipper on 19 february 1999 .
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