input: Make use of the article to answer the questions. ISO 639-5:2008 "Codes for the representation of names of languagesPart 5: Alpha-3 code for language families and groups" is a highly incomplete international standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). It was developed by ISO Technical Committee 37, Subcommittee 2, and first published on May 15, 2008. It is part of the ISO 639 series of standards.

ISO 639-5 defines "alpha-3" (3-letter) codes, called "collective codes," that identify language families and groups. As of August 29, 2008 update to ISO 639-5, the standard defined 114 collective codes. The United States Library of Congress maintains the list of Alpha-3 codes that comprise ISO 639-5.

The standard does not cover all language families used by linguists. The languages covered by a group code need not be linguistically related, but may have a geographic relation, or category relation (such as "Creoles").

Some of the codes in ISO 639-5 codes are also found in the ISO 639-2 "Alpha-3 code" standard. ISO 639-2 contains codes for some individual languages, some ISO 639 macrolanguage codes, and some collective codes; any code found in ISO 639-2 is also found in either ISO 639-3 or ISO 639-5.

Languages, families, or group codes in ISO 639-2 can be of type "group" ("g") or "remainder group" ("r"). A "group" consists of several related languages; a "remainder group" is a group of several related languages from which some specific languages have been excluded. However, in ISO 639-5, the "remainder groups" do "not" exclude any languages. Because ISO 639-2 and ISO 639-5 use the same Alpha-3 codes, but do not always refer to the same list of languages for any given code, the languages an Alpha-3 code refers to can't be determined unless it is known whether the code is used in the context of ISO 639-2 or ISO 639-5. The committee draft of ISO 639-5 was issued on February 23, 2005. Voting on the draft terminated on July 5, 2005; the draft was approved. 1. when was ISO 639-5:2008 published?
2. by who?
3. does it cover all language groups?
4. where are ISO 639-5 codes also found?
5. what is a remainder group?
6. do ISO 639-2 and 5 have the same or different Alpha 3 codes?
7. how is the languages of an Alpha-3 determined?
8. when was the committee draft of ISO 639-5 issued?
9. when did voting on the draft stop?
10. was the draft approved?
numbered_answers: 1. May 15, 2008
2. ISO Technical Committee 37, Subcommittee 2
3. no
4. ISO 639-2
5. a group of several related languages
6. yes
7. knowing whether the code is used in the context of ISO 639-2 or ISO 639-5
8. February 23, 2005
9. July 5, 2005
10. yes

input: Make use of the article to answer the questions. There was once a tiny pig who lived on a farm. He was a very cute animal, and he knew it. He liked to stay clean and soft and look as good as he could. When he had to go in the mud, he always wore black rain boots, a black rain hat, and a yellow rain coat. This helped keep the mud off. He didn't want it getting on his soft pink skin.

This tiny pig lived with his aunt, who loved to get dirty. "You shouldn't stay so clean!" she told him. "We're pigs! We love the mud!" But the tiny pig kept wearing his boots, coat, and hat.

One day, all the pigs were standing and eating their lunch. They had corn, oats, apples, and bread, and they all dug in. But the tiny pig wouldn't eat any of it. He had left his bib at home and didn't want to get his clothes dirty. He stood and looked sad as the other pigs ate their fill. They were getting brown mud all over them.

"Come on," said his aunt. "You can get some bread crumbs on yourself. It's okay." But the tiny pig only stood there and looked blue.

Suddenly, a car drove up. The driver was doing too fast and splashed some mud on the tiny pig. The tiny big was sad and mad. But then the people in the car got out.

"Look at how cute that little muddy pig is!" said one.

"He's so cute!" said the other.

"Really?" said the tiny pig.

"Yes!" said his aunt. "For the last time, everybody knows that pigs get muddy!"

So the tiny pig went and dug in to the food with all the other pigs. He ate a big piece of bread. He got crumbs all over himself. 1. What did the tiny pig wear?
2. Why?
3. Why did he want to do that?
4. Who did he live with?
5. Did she try to stay clean too?
6. Why not?
7. Did the little pig ever get dirty?
8. How?
9. Did this bother him?
numbered_answers: 1. his boots, coat, and hat.
2. To stay clean.
3. To look good
4. His aunt.
5. No
6. She loved mud.
7. Yes
8. A car splashed him with mud.
9. Yes

input: Make use of the article to answer the questions. The region, as part of Lorraine, was part of the Holy Roman Empire, and then was gradually annexed by France in the 17th century, and formalized as one of the provinces of France. The Calvinist manufacturing republic of Mulhouse, known as Stadtrepublik Mulhausen, became a part of Alsace after a vote by its citizens on 4 January 1798. Alsace is frequently mentioned with and as part of Lorraine and the former duchy of Lorraine, since it was a vital part of the duchy, and later because German possession as the imperial province (Alsace-Lorraine, 18711918) was contested in the 19th and 20th centuries; France and Germany exchanged control of parts of Lorraine (including Alsace) four times in 75 years.

With the decline of the Roman Empire, Alsace became the territory of the Germanic Alemanni. The Alemanni were agricultural people, and their Germanic language formed the basis of modern-day dialects spoken along the Upper Rhine (Alsatian, Alemannian, Swabian, Swiss). Clovis and the Franks defeated the Alemanni during the 5th century AD, culminating with the Battle of Tolbiac, and Alsace became part of the Kingdom of Austrasia. Under Clovis' Merovingian successors the inhabitants were Christianized. Alsace remained under Frankish control until the Frankish realm, following the Oaths of Strasbourg of 842, was formally dissolved in 843 at the Treaty of Verdun; the grandsons of Charlemagne divided the realm into three parts. Alsace formed part of the Middle Francia, which was ruled by the youngest grandson Lothar I. Lothar died early in 855 and his realm was divided into three parts. The part known as Lotharingia, or Lorraine, was given to Lothar's son. The rest was shared between Lothar's brothers Charles the Bald (ruler of the West Frankish realm) and Louis the German (ruler of the East Frankish realm). The Kingdom of Lotharingia was short-lived, however, becoming the stem duchy of Lorraine in Eastern Francia after the Treaty of Ribemont in 880. Alsace was united with the other Alemanni east of the Rhine into the stem duchy of Swabia. 1. What is the city of discussion?
2. Why did it become a Germanic territory?
3. When was their claim protested?
4. What happened in 1798?
5. Why?
6. Was control shifted between Germany and Spain?
7. Who then?
8. How many times?
9. Within 75 years?
10. What type of culture were the people?
numbered_answers:
1. Alsace
2. decline of the Roman Empire
3. the 19th and 20th centuries
4. Mulhouse became a part of Alsace
5. a vote by its citizens
6. No
7. France and Germany
8. four
9. Yes
10. agricultural