Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Context: The fruits of Vitex rotundifolia L. are widely used to treat inflammation of the airway in Traditional Chinese medicine. Previous studies found that casticin, isolated from Vitex rotundifolia, could induce apoptosis of tumor cells. In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of casticin and its underlying molecular mechanism in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages.', 'RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with various concentrations of casticin (0.3-10M), and then treated with LPS to induce inflammation. We assayed the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) using ELISA, and examined the protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and heme oxygenase (HO)-1 by Western blot. We also investigated the anti-inflammatory molecular mechanism by analyzing inflammatory-associated signaling pathways, including the nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-B) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways.', 'We found casticin inhibited the levels of nitric oxide and PGE2, and decreased the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-). In addition, iNOS and COX-2 expression levels were suppressed and casticin increased HO-1 and Nrf2 production in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, casticin significantly inhibited NF-B subunit p65 proteins in the nucleus and decreased Akt and MAPK activation.
Answer: These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effect of casticin is due to inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators by blocking the NF-B, Akt, and MAPK signaling pathways.
Does casticin inhibit COX-2 and iNOS expression via suppression of NF-B and MAPK signaling in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse macrophages?

Context: Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of cancer-related death in men, which emphasizes the need for novel therapeutic approaches. Targeting microRNA (miRNA) has been considered as a therapeutic strategy against cancers. Human miR-204-5p potentially targeting BCL2 has been reported to be downregulated in various cancers. We hypothesized that miR-204-5p overexpression induces cancer cell apoptosis by repressing BCL2 expression.', 'A vector harboring mature miR-204-5p was constructed and delivered into human PCa cells. The expression level of miR-204-5p was determined by miRNA quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR). Luciferase reporter assays were performed to verify the function of mature miR-204-5p and its direct binding to BCL2 transcripts. The expression levels of BCL-2 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein samples were measured by QPCR and Western blot, respectively. Cell viability was detected by WST-1 assays. Induction of apoptosis was determined by increased levels of cleavage caspase 3 and caspase 3/7 activity.', "The expression levels of miR-204-5p were downregulated in PCa cells compared with normal prostate epithelial cells. Transfection of pSM-204 resulted in up to 6.2-fold higher expression of miR-204-5p when compared with pSM control. The mRNA levels of several potential target genes of miR-204-5p were decreased in pSM-204-transfected PC3 and Rv1 cells. BCL2 mRNA and protein expression decreased in miR-204-5p-transfected cells, which led to cytochrome C release from mitochondria. It subsequently increased cleaved caspase 3 and caspase 3/7 activities and reduced cell viability. Cotransfection of a reporter vector harboring the BCL2 3'-untranslated region to compete with endogenous transcripts partially rescued miR-204-5p-induced apoptosis.
Answer: Human miR-204-5p targets BCL2 in PCa cells. Restoration of miR-204-5p in PCa could therefore be considered as a novel strategy by targeting antiapoptotic BCL2.
Does tumor suppressor miRNA-204-5p promote apoptosis by targeting BCL2 in prostate cancer cells?

Context: Delayed gastric emptying (DGE) is a common complication of pancreaticoduodenectomy. We determined the efficiency of a new reconstruction technique, designed to preserve motilin-secreting cells and maximize the utility of their receptors, in reducing the incidence of DGE after pancreaticoduodenectomy.', 'From April 2005 to September 2014, 217 consecutive patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy at our institution. Nine patients who underwent total pancreatectomy were excluded. We compared outcomes between patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy with resection of the pyloric ring followed by proximal Roux-en-y gastrojejunal anastomosis (group I, n=90) and patients who underwent standard pancreaticoduodenectomy with the orthotopic reconstruction technique (group II, n=118).', 'Overall and clinically relevant rates of DGE were significantly lower in group I than in group II (10 and 2.2% vs. 57 and 24%, respectively; p<0.05). Length of hospital stay as a result of DGE was shorter in group I than in group II. In univariate analysis, older age, comorbidities, ASA grade 4, operative time, preoperative diabetes, standard reconstruction technique, and postoperative complications were significant risk factors for DGE. In multivariate analysis, older age, standard technique, and postoperative complications were independent risk factors for DGE.
Answer: Our new reconstruction technique reduces the occurrence of DGE after pancreaticoduodenectomy.
Does proximal Roux-en-y Gastrojejunal Anastomosis with Pyloric Ring Resection improve Gastric Emptying After Pancreaticoduodenectomy?