Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
--------
Question: With advances in medicine, the subjective assessment of patients on hemodialysis regarding their quality of life (QOL) is gaining importance. Clinicians cannot rely solely on objective markers, such as the rates of complications and mortality, when evaluating responses to dialysis. In clinical settings, laboratory values are used as measures of patients' health. However, the relationship between clinical laboratory values and QOL has not been elucidated yet. Therefore, the present study aimed to define the relationship of laboratory values and patient attributes to the QOL of outpatients on hemodialysis in order to obtain basic data for reevaluating nursing support for patients on hemodialysis in the future.", 'The participants were 44 outpatients receiving hemodialysis at Hospital B. The QOL was surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire, the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form. The following patient attributes and laboratory values were taken from the medical records: age; sex; primary disease; number of years on hemodialysis; complications; number of hours of hemodialysis per session; percentage weight gain; cardiothoracic ratio; blood pressure; hematocrit; and the serum levels of albumin, potassium, phosphorus, and calcium.', 'The serum potassium level significantly affected mental health, social functioning, symptoms, and the effect of kidney disease, with the 3.5-5.0 mEq/L target range group scoring higher than the > or =5.1 mEq/L group.

Answer: Does the relationship of clinical laboratory parameters and patient attribute to the quality of life of patients on hemodialysis?

Question: The major immuno-modulating effects of Ganoderma lucidum include mitogenicity and activation of immune effector cells such as T cells, macrophages and natural killer cells resulting in the production of cytokines.', 'The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of CD40 and CD80 by G. lucidum-treated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.', 'Monocytes were isolated and incubated at 37 C and 5% CO2 for 24 h and 48 h in the presence or absence of different concentrations of G. lucidum. Cells were then incubated with labelled monoclonal antibodies against CD14, CD40 and B7-1(CD80) molecules utilizing standard protocols, and analyzed by flow cytometry.', 'The results showed that incubation of monocytes with G. lucidum led to marked enhancement of CD40 and B7-1 expression in a dose- and time- dependent manner (p<0.001). G. lucidum was more effective in enhancing the expression of CD80 and CD40 molecules of cells obtained from females than male donors (p<0.001).

Answer: Does ganoderma lucidum induce the expression of CD40/CD86 on peripheral blood monocytes?

Question: The aim of the study was to verify early and definitive outcome of radioiodine therapy in patients with Graves' disease, administering 131I calculated dose to pursue euthyroidism.", "We retrospectively analyzed 639 patients affected by Graves' disease and treated by one or more 131I calculated doses. Results dose by dose are reported. As to the first administration, outcome is related to parameters used to calculate dose and to patients' available features. Failures and hypothyroidism onset are evaluated.", 'A mean dose of 10 mCi shows great effectiveness: 75% of patients were cured after one administration, 88% after two. Of the failures, 84.1% occurred in a mean time of 0.340.23 years and were more frequent for larger glands, accelerated intra-gland radioiodine turnover, ophtalmopathy, administration of antithyroid drugs until 131I therapy. Of hypothyroid patients, 39.8% were diagnosed within the first year. After a sharp initial rise, hypothyroidism occurred at a slower rate, with estimated yearly increases of 3.8% until 10 years and of 1.8% later. In still followed up patients, euthyroidism was observed in about half the population after 10 years and in a third after 25 years.

Answer:
Is 131I therapy and Graves ' disease in a long term observation : euthyroidism a suitable goal . Our experience?