Answer the following question given this paragraph: When we consider a chemical reaction, we need to take into account both the system and the surroundings. The system includes the components involved in the chemical reaction itself. These will often take place in a flask, a beaker, a test tube, or some other container. The surroundings include everything that is not part of the system. When potassium reacts with water, part of the heat energy generated in the reaction is released into the surroundings. The boundary between system and surroundings is arbitrary, and it is generally chosen in a way that makes observations and calculations easier. Q: When we consider a chemical reaction, we need to take into account both the system and what? Choices: - date - fluctuations - time - sorroundings A:
sorroundings
(Question)
Answer the following question given this paragraph: functionality of pepsin. Second, the stomach has a thick mucus lining that protects the underlying tissue from the action of the digestive juices. When this mucus lining is ruptured, ulcers can form in the stomach. Ulcers are open wounds in or on an organ caused by bacteria (Helicobacter pylori) when the mucus lining is ruptured and fails to reform. Small Intestine Chyme moves from the stomach to the small intestine. The small intestine is the organ where the digestion of protein, fats, and carbohydrates is completed. The small intestine is a long tube-like organ with a highly folded surface containing fingerlike projections called the villi. The apical surface of each villus has many microscopic projections called microvilli. These structures, illustrated in Figure 34.12, are lined with epithelial cells on the luminal side and allow for the nutrients to be absorbed from the digested food and absorbed into the blood stream on the other side. The villi and microvilli, with their many folds, increase the surface area of the intestine and increase absorption efficiency of the nutrients. Absorbed nutrients in the blood are carried into the hepatic portal vein, which leads to the liver. There, the liver regulates the distribution of nutrients to the rest of the body and removes toxic substances, including drugs, alcohol, and some pathogens. Q: Which organ has a thick mucus lining that protects the underlying tissue from the action of the digestive juices? Choices: - liver - colon - spleen - stomach A:
(Answer)
stomach
Ques: Answer the following question given this paragraph: A transverse wave can be characterized by the high and low points reached by particles of the medium as the wave passes through. This is illustrated in Figure below . The high points are called crests, and the low points are called troughs. Q: What are the high points of a transverse wave called? Choices: - peaks - troughs - ridges - crests A:
Ans: crests
(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The Gaia hypothesis states that the biosphere is its own living organism. The hypothesis suggests that the Earth is self-regulating and tends to achieve a stable state, known as homeostasis . For example the composition of our atmosphere stays fairly consistent, providing the ideal conditions for life. When carbon dioxide levels increase in the atmosphere, plants grow more quickly. As their growth continues, they remove more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. In this way, the amount of carbon dioxide stays fairly constant without human intervention. Q: What is the hypothesis that states that the biosphere is its own living organism? Choices: - Big Bang theory - Geiger theory - Pascal's hypothesis - gaia hypothesis A:
(A).
gaia hypothesis
Ques:Answer the following question given this paragraph: When a sarcomere shortens, some regions shorten whereas others stay the same length. A sarcomere is defined as the distance between two consecutive Z discs or Z lines; when a muscle contracts, the distance between the Z discs is reduced. The H zonethe central region of the A zonecontains only thick filaments and is shortened during contraction. The I band contains only thin filaments and also shortens. The A band does not shortenit remains the same lengthbut A bands of different sarcomeres move closer together during contraction, eventually disappearing. Thin filaments are pulled by the thick filaments toward the center of the sarcomere until the Z discs approach the thick filaments. The zone of overlap, in which thin filaments and thick filaments occupy the same area, increases as the thin filaments move inward. Q: The distance between two consecutive z discs or z lines is called what? Choices: - contractile - ligule - radius - sarcomere A:

Ans:sarcomere
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Development of the Vertebral Column and Thoracic cage Development of the vertebrae begins with the accumulation of mesenchyme cells from each sclerotome around the notochord. These cells differentiate into a hyaline cartilage model for each vertebra, which then grow and eventually ossify into bone through the process of endochondral ossification. As the developing vertebrae grow, the notochord largely disappears. However, small areas of notochord tissue persist between the adjacent vertebrae and this contributes to the formation of each intervertebral disc. The ribs and sternum also develop from mesenchyme. The ribs initially develop as part of the cartilage model for each vertebra, but in the thorax region, the rib portion separates from the vertebra by the eighth week. The cartilage model of the rib then ossifies, except for the anterior portion, which remains as the costal cartilage. The sternum initially forms as paired hyaline cartilage models on either side of the anterior midline, beginning during the fifth week of development. The cartilage models of the ribs become attached to the lateral sides of the developing sternum. Eventually, the two halves of the cartilaginous sternum fuse together along the midline and then ossify into bone. The manubrium and body of the sternum are converted into bone first, with the xiphoid process remaining as cartilage until late in life. Q: The accumulation of what cells begin the development of the vertebral column and thoracic cage? Choices: - semiosis cells - hindbrain cells - False cells - mesenchyme cells A:
mesenchyme cells