TASK DEFINITION: Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
PROBLEM: The hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) plays critical roles in cell survival via modulation of signaling pathways. In our previous studies, we reported that HBx inhibited the growth of CCL13-HBx-stable cells (Chang-HBx cells) in vitro and tumor formation in vivo in CCL13-HBx-cell-injected nude mice; however, this inhibition mechanism is unclear.', 'To investigate the role of HBx in Wnt-3/beta-catenin signaling pathways, we focused on the key molecules GSK-3beta and beta-catenin, and analyzed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining.', 'Results indicated that following HBx induction, GSK-3beta activity was up-regulated, the expression and accumulation of beta-catenin in the nucleus were decreased, and cell proliferation was suppressed. Inhibition of GSK-3beta activity by pharmacological inhibitors rescued the expression and accumulation of beta-catenin in the nucleus and facilitated cell proliferation and growth following HBx induction. The localization of beta-catenin, which is involved in cell proliferation, and mediated by GSK-3beta activation was also demonstrated.

SOLUTION: 1

PROBLEM: Platelets promote liver regeneration through site-specific serotonin release from dense granules, triggering proliferative signaling in hepatocytes. However, the effects of factors derived from platelet -granules on liver regeneration are unclear, because -granules contain bioactive molecules with opposing functions. Because -granule molecules are stored in separate compartments, it has been suggested that platelets selectively release their -granule content dependent on the environmental stimulus. Therefore, we investigated the pattern of circulating -granule molecules during liver regeneration in 157 patients undergoing partial hepatectomy. We measured plasma levels of -granule-derived factors in the liver vein at the end of liver resection, as well as on the first postoperative day. We observed a rapid accumulation of platelets within the liver after induction of liver regeneration. Platelet count and P-selectin (a ubiquitous cargo of -granules) were not associated with postoperative liver dysfunction. However, low plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), but high levels of thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1), predicted liver dysfunction after resection. Patients with an unfavorable postoperative -granule release profile (high TSP-1/low VEGF) showed substantially worse postoperative clinical outcomes. The unfavorable postoperative -granule release profile was associated with increased postoperative portal venous pressure and von Willebrand factor antigen levels as a marker for intrahepatic endothelial dysfunction.

SOLUTION: 0

PROBLEM: Systemic mastocytosis is a clonal myeloproliferative neoplasm associated with constitutional symptoms from mast cell mediated chemical and cytokine release. According to the literature, Ruxolitinib, a JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor, has been shown to reduce symptoms related to proinflammatory cytokine release in other myeloproliferative neoplasms.', 'Here we present a case using Ruxolitinib for disabling constitutional symptoms despite complete bone marrow response in a patient with aggressive systemic mastocytosis. Assessment tools used to monitor symptoms in previously published Ruxolitinib trials were adopted to track symptom improvement and quality of life.

SOLUTION:
0