input: Please answer the following: Information: - London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom, as well as the most populous city proper in the European Union. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain, London has been a major settlement for two millennia. It was founded by the Romans, who named it "Londinium". London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its medieval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, "London" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split between Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent, and Hertfordshire, which today largely makes up Greater London, governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly. - The London Borough of Lewisham is a London borough in south-east London, England and forms part of Inner London. The principal settlement of the borough is Lewisham. The local authority is Lewisham London Borough Council and it is based in Catford. - Charing Cross denotes the junction of Strand, Whitehall and Cockspur Street, just south of Trafalgar Square in central London. It gives its name to several landmarks, including Charing Cross railway station, one of the main London rail terminals. - Stanley Frank '' Stan '' Vickers ( 18 June 1932 -- 17 April 2013 ) was a Lewisham - born British athlete who mainly competed in the 20 kilometre walk . He competed for Great Britain in the 20 kilometre walk at the 1960 Summer Olympics held in Rome , Italy , where he won the bronze medal . After the race , he sat down to rest and was carried off by an ambulance crew that thought he was sick . The crew did not speak English . Several hours passed before officials discovered what had happened . He died on 19 April 2013 at the age of 80 . - The London Plan is the statutory spatial development strategy for the Greater London area in the United Kingdom that is written by the Mayor of London and published by the Greater London Authority. The regional planning document was first published in final form on 10 February 2004. In addition to minor alterations, it was substantially revised and republished in February 2008 and again in July 2011. The London Plan published in July 2011 is currently in effect and has 2031 as a formal end date. minor alterations are being made to the plan to comply with the National Planning Policy Framework and other changes in national policy. - Lewisham is an area in south-east London, England, in the London Borough of Lewisham, centred south-east of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London. As a major centre, Lewisham had a population of 95,041 in 2011. It is an important transport hub for South London, and is one of the borough's largest settlements. Lewisham has the largest Police Station in Europe which was moved to the Town Centre from Ladywell Road and rebuilt where the shopping centres department store once stood. There were plans to replace the department store to where the Riverdale Leisure Centre was based adjacent to Boots store when the Mayor was elected. - Ladywell is a district of South East London, England, and a ward in the London Borough of Lewisham between Brockley, Crofton Park and Lewisham. It has been named by Living Monthly magazine as one of the top places to live in London. It has ample green space including Ladywell Fields and Hilly Fields which borders Brockley. Ladywell Village, the main shopping area along Ladywell Road, was given a face lift in 2013 with 800,000 of Transport for London funding. The pavements were widened, short stay bays created to help local businesses and shoppers, and trees were added. Ladywell Village has a range of retail outlets including a number of cafes, a patisserie and a delicatessen. Given the information, choose the subject and object entities that have the relation of 'place of birth'.
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output: stan vickers , london borough of lewisham

input: Please answer the following: Information: - Peter Swirski (born 1966) is a Canadian scholar and literary critic featured in "Canadian Who's Who" and Amazon's #1 Bestseller in American Literary History and Criticism and in Canadian Literary History and Criticism. Specialist in American literature and American Studies, he is the author of seventeen books, including the prize-winning "Ars Americana, Ars Politica" (2010) and the staple of American popular culture studies "From Lowbrow to Nobrow" (2005). His other well-known studies include "American Utopia and Social Engineering" (2011), "American Political Fictions" (2015), and the digital-futurological bestseller "From Literature to Biterature" (2013). He is also the leading scholar on the late writer and philosopher Stanisaw Lem. - From Lowbrow to Nobrow is a book on literary culture written by Peter Swirski , professor of American literature and culture at the University of Missouri , St. Louis and Research Director at the Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies . Swirski is the author of twelve books of American literature and culture , Stanislaw Lem , and theory of knowledge . Having gone through several printings , the book is by now a staple in American popular culture studies . It furnishes a series of analyses of the relation of popular fiction to high literary culture . In his work , Swirski challenges the highbrow vs lowbrow categorization of literary culture , and popular culture in general by focusing attention on what he terms the nobrow taste culture , whereby '' authors simultaneously target both extremes of the literary spectrum '' . In the first half of the book , Swirski details the historical facts behind the functioning of popular fiction , and discusses the concept of genres and the nobrow aesthetics . He does this by tracing the socio - historical development of the book publishing industry and scouring the publishing statistical data from sources such as UNESCO and the American Book Industry Study Group . Supported by statistics , illustrations , and case studies , the author asks for a more serious examination of popular literature . Because of its mass appeal , critics and academics are quick to conclude that popular literature is lowbrow art. Swirski asserts that in fact some of the best works in the twentieth century come from authors who refuse to succumb to either the highbrow / academic literary formulae , or to the formulaic popular genres sold at the '' bestseller - and - moccacino '' bookstore chains . He demonstrates his arguments in the second half of the book by analyzing three '' nobrow '' works : Karel apek 's War With the Newts ( 1936 ) , Raymond Chandler 's Playback ( 1958 ) , and Stanislaw Lem 's The Chain of Chance ( 1976 ) . All three , and many others mentioned and discussed in this book , are... - Canadian Who's Who is a reference publication containing concise biographical information about 13,000 notable Canadians. It is published and distributed annually by Grey House Publishing Canada with a bright-red binding, and an online searchable version is also available through a subscription. The online, searchable, electronic version of "Canadian Who's Who" includes more than 11,000 archived biographies, in addition to the 13,000 biographies found in the 2014/2015 print edition. Every year the publisher invites new individuals to complete questionnaires from which new biographies are compiled. The publisher also gives those already listed in earlier editions an opportunity to update their biographies. Given the information, choose the subject and object entities that have the relation of 'publication date'.
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output:
from lowbrow to nobrow , 2005