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Mnemonic devices, flashcards, and other memorization techniques are great for multiple choice test prep. If you're in a study group, be sure to quiz each other, and try making practice tests for each other. When you take the test, make sure to read the question clearly and try to eliminate at least half of the available answer options. If your test will include short or long essay questions, make sure you can answer the question without adding any extra fluff. Being direct is especially important for short essays, which typically require you to provide just a few sentences and often deal with definitions. When studying, refer to your list of key terms and concepts, and make sure you can concisely define them. Have someone quiz you on your flashcards. Try to get to the point that you can give a complete but brief answer without asking for any hints. Look over your syllabus or textbook for your unit's key points. Those theses, or main ideas, are the best way to predict what a long essay question will ask. Understand the unit's main concepts, then use the facts and figures you've memorized to back up those key points. Remember there's no "U" in history: leave personal opinions out of essays! A long essay can take up a major proportion of the test grade, so do your best to be sure you're answering the essay question the right way. When it's time to take the test, take a moment to understand what a long essay is asking you to do. Look for words like analyze or compare and contrast, then plan your essay accordingly. For example, historians disagree about the degree to which feudalism in the Late Middle Ages set the stage for the Wars of the Roses. Your exam could include an essay asking you to defend one position and explain why it's a more accurate interpretation.

summary: Master a multiple choice test's material. Stick to an essay question's topic. Use the unit's main ideas to study for an essay test. Read the essay question thoroughly.

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If you see a lump on your guinea pig's body, schedule an appointment with your vet. Your vet will perform different tests to determine the cause of the lump. Do not delay in taking your guinea pig to your vetif the lump is an abscess, it could make your guinea pig very sick by overwhelming your guinea pig's natural defenses against bad bacteria. During your appointment, give your vet as much information as you can about your guinea pig. For example, talk about your guinea pig's overall health and when you first noticed the lump. In addition, provide information about your guinea pig's diet, living environment, and if it has cagemates. Your vet will use the information you provide to come up with a diagnosis. Therefore, the more information you provide, the better. A physical examination will give your vet important clues about what caused the lump to form. Your vet will weigh your guinea pig, look it over from head to toe, and listen to its heart and lungs. Your vet will pay special attention to the area of the lump. Your vet may want to run some extra tests to confirm the diagnosis of the lump. One type of test is called fine needle aspiration (FNA), during which your vet will use a small needle to withdraw a fluid sample from the lump. Your vet will look at this fluid under the microscope to detect different cell types (e.g., fat cells, white blood cells). Another type of test is a biopsy, which would help your vet diagnose a tumor. Your vet would need to sedate or anesthetize your guinea for FNA or a biopsy. A fluid sample from the lump can be useful for identifying bacteria. The test to identify bacteria is called a 'culture.'
summary: Take your guinea pig to your vet. Explain your guinea pig's history. Allow your vet to examine your guinea pig. Allow your vet to perform additional testing.