Question: While there is some international commonality in the way political parties are recognized, and in how they operate, there are often many differences, and some are significant. Many political parties have an ideological core, but some do not, and many represent very different ideologies than they did when first founded. In democracies, political parties are elected by the electorate to run a government. Many countries have numerous powerful political parties, such as Germany and India and some nations have one-party systems, such as China. The United States is a two-party system, with its two most powerful parties being the Democratic Party and the Republican Party.

The first political factions, cohering around a basic, if fluid, set of principles emerged from the Exclusion Crisis and Glorious Revolution in late-17th-century England. The Whigs supported Protestant constitutional monarchy against absolute rule and the Tories, originating in the Royalist (or "Cavalier") faction of the English Civil War, were conservative royalist supporters of a strong monarchy as a counterbalance to the republican tendencies of Whigs, who were the dominant political faction for most of the first half of the 18th century; they supported the Hanoverian succession of 1715 against the Jacobite supporters of the deposed Roman Catholic Stuart dynasty and were able to purge Tory politicians from important government positions after the failed Jacobite rising of 1715. The leader of the Whigs was Robert Walpole, who maintained control of the government in the period 17211742; his protege was Henry Pelham (17431754). 1. who was the Whigs leader?
2. who was Walpole's protege?
3. when were the first factions created?
4. what faction was in control during the 18th century?
5. how many US parties are mentioned?
6. do countries have only 1 party systems?
7. when was the Jacobite rising?
8. who was numerous political parties?
9. is the US a 3-party system?
10. what is the name of one of the US parties
11. what is the name of the other US party Provide a numbered list of answers.
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A numbered of answers: 1. Robert Walpole
2. Henry Pelham
3. late-17th-century
4. Whigs
5. Two
6. Some do, such as China
7. 1715
8. Germany and India
9. No
10. the Republican Party
11. the Democratic Party

Question: Rochester ( or ) is a city on the southern shore of Lake Ontario in western New York State. Rochester is the third most populous city in New York, with over 210,000 residents, and its metropolitan area has a population of nearly 1.1 million people.

Rochester was one of America's first boomtowns, rising to prominence as the site of many flour mills along the Genesee River, and then as a major hub of manufacturing. Several of the region's universities (notably the University of Rochester and Rochester Institute of Technology) have renowned research programs. In addition, Rochester is the site of many important inventions and innovations in consumer products. The Rochester area has been the birthplace to such corporations as Kodak, Western Union, Bausch & Lomb, Gleason and Xerox that conduct extensive research and manufacturing in the fields of industrial and consumer products. Until 2010, the Rochester metropolitan area was the second-largest regional economy in New York State, according to the U.S. Internal Revenue Service, after the New York City metropolitan area. Rochester's GMP has since ranked just below that of Buffalo, New York, while still exceeding it in per-capita income.

The 25th edition of the "Places Rated Almanac" rated Rochester as the "most livable city" in 2007, among 379 U.S. metropolitan areas. In 2010 "Forbes" rated Rochester as the third-best place to raise a family. In 2012 Kiplinger rated Rochester as the fifth-best city for families, citing low cost of living, top public schools, and a low jobless rate. 1. What city has a population of 210,000?
2. What were there many of back then?
3. And it became a large hub for what?
4. Name an institution there with a well regarding program for research?
5. Name another.
6. Which contact lense related company started there?
7. Were there any others?
8. What the name of the company born there that has a photograph related service
9. Which Metro area is larger?
10. What does it beat it though?
11. What name did it get in 2007?
12. By? Provide a numbered list of answers.
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A numbered of answers: 1. Rochester
2. flour mills
3. manufacturing.
4. University of Rochester
5. Rochester Institute of Technology
6. Bausch & Lomb
7. no
8. Kodak
9. Buffalo
10. per-capita income
11. most livable city
12. Places Rated Almanac

Question: Today, bicycles are elegantly simple machines that are common around the world. Many people ride bicycles for recreation, whereas others use them as a means of transportation. The first bicycle was invented in Germany in 1818. Because it was made of wood, it wasn't very strong nor did it have pedals .Riders moved it by pushing their feet against the ground.

In 1839, Kirkpatrick Macmillan, a Scottish blacksmith, invented a much better bicycle. Macmillan's machine had iron-covered wheels to keep them from getting worn down. He also used foot-operated levers, similar to pedals, so his bicycle could be ridden at a quick pace. It didn't look much like the modem bicycle, though, because its back wheel was substantially larger than its front wheel. Although Macmillan's bicycles could be ridden easily, they were never produced in large numbers.

In 1861, Frenchman Pierre Michaux and his brother Ernest invented a bicycle with an improved pedal mechanism. They called their bicycle a velocipede,but most people called it a "bone shaker" because of the effect of the wood and iron frame. Despite the impolite nickname, the velocipede was a hit. After a few years, the Michaux family was making hundreds of the machines annually, mostly for fun-seeking young people.

Ten years later, James Starley , an English inventor, made several innovations that revolutionized bicycle design. He made the front wheel many times larger than the back wheel, put a gear on the pedals to make the bicycle more efficient,and lightened the wheels by using wire spokes. Although this bicycle was much lighter and less tiring to ride, it was still clumsy, extremely top-heavy,and ridden mostly for entertainment.

It wasn't until 1874 that the first truly modern bicycle appeared on the scene. Invented by another Englishman, H. J. Lawson, the safety bicycle would look familiar to today's cyclists. The safety bicycle had equal-sized wheels, which made it easier to ride. Lawson also attached a chain to the pedals to drive the back wheel. By 1893,the safety bicycle had been further improved with air-filled rubber tires, a diamond-shaped frame, and easy braking. With the improvements provided by Lawson;bicycles became extremely popular and useful for transportation. Today, they are built, used, and enjoyed all over the world. 1. What is one of the common vehicle in the world?
2. When was it invented?
3. where?
4. Who made a better one then?
5. Who was he?
6. Where was he from?
7. How was his wheels?
8. How about the levers?
9. Is it similar to pedals we have today?
10. Was that bicycle fast enough?
11. Did it resemble anything we have today?
12. Who made next improvements?
13. Where was he from?
14. What he improved?
15. Which year was that?
16. Then who made more improvements?
17. What he did?
18. When did the bicycle looked modern day one?
19. Who invented that?
20. When the air filled tires appeared? Provide a numbered list of answers.
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A numbered of answers:
1. bicycles
2. 1818
3. Germany
4. Kirkpatrick Macmillan
5. blacksmith
6. Scottland
7. iron-covered
8. foot-operated
9. yes
10. yes
11. no
12. Pierre Michaux
13. Frence
14. pedal mechanism
15. 1861
16. James Starley
17. improved design
18. 1874
19. H. J. Lawson
20. 1893