Part 1. Definition
Given a question and a context passage, generate the answer having the word or phrase from the context passage. Here, the answer should be a shortest continous span from the passage.
Part 2. Example
Context: Architecturally, the school has a Catholic character. Atop the Main Building's gold dome is a golden statue of the Virgin Mary. Immediately in front of the Main Building and facing it, is a copper statue of Christ with arms upraised with the legend 'Venite Ad Me Omnes'. Next to the Main Building is the Basilica of the Sacred Heart. Immediately behind the basilica is the Grotto, a Marian place of prayer and reflection. It is a replica of the grotto at Lourdes, France where the Virgin Mary reputedly appeared to Saint Bernadette Soubirous in 1858. At the end of the main drive (and in a direct line that connects through 3 statues and the Gold Dome), is a simple, modern stone statue of Mary.
Question: To whom did the Virgin Mary allegedly appear in 1858 in Lourdes France?
Answer: Saint Bernadette Soubirous
Explanation: This is the correct answer. Because the question is asking for the name of the person and following sentence from the passage answers it: It is a replica of the grotto at Lourdes, France where the Virgin Mary reputedly appeared to Saint Bernadette Soubirous in 1858.
Part 3. Exercise
Context: Alpha-synuclein(-syn) is the main protein component of Lewy bodies (LBs), that together with nigrostriatal dopamine neuron loss constitute typical pathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD). Glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) abnormalities, peculiarly involving NR2B-containing NMDAR, have been observed in the brain of PD patients and in several experimental models of the disease. Recent findings, indicating that -syn can modulate NMDAR trafficking and function, suggest that this protein may be a pivotal regulator of NMDAR activity. Prompted by these evidences, we used fluorescence immunocytochemistry, western blotting and ratiometric Ca(2+) measurements to investigate whether wild type (wt) or C-terminally truncated -syn can specifically modulate NR2B-containing NMDAR levels, subcellular trafficking and function. In addition, we evaluated whether the exposure of primary cortical neurons to increasing concentrations of rotenone could differentially regulate NR2B levels and cell viability in the presence or in the absence of -syn. Our results indicate that both wt and C-terminally truncated -syn negatively modulate NR2B-containing NMDAR levels, membrane translocation and function. Moreover, we found that absence of -syn abolishes the rotenone-dependent decrease of NR2B levels and reduces neuronal vulnerability in primary cortical neurons. These findings suggest that -syn can modulate neuronal resilience by regulating NR2B-containing NMDAR, whose specific alterations could connect -syn pathology to neuronal degeneration in PD.
Question: Which is the primary protein component of Lewy bodies?
Answer:
syn