Given an abstract, generate a keyword (a noun phrase) that best describes the focus or contribution of the paper. Such keywords can be directly from the given abstract or outside it.

Ex Input:
Abstract: Spastic patients were instructed to make accurate, rapid ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion movements over different distances to a target. Ankle position and surface electromyograms (EMGs) from tibialis anterior (TA) and soleus (SOL) muscles were recorded. In 3 of 8 spastic patients tested, dorsiflexion evoked velocity-dependent activation of the antagonist (SOL) muscle which impeded the movement to the extent that the limb unintentionally reversed movement direction. We propose that this activation is reflex in origin since it is tightly synchronized, has a large peak amplitude, occurs about 50 ms after the initiation of the movement, and is velocity dependent. One of the 3 patients who had reflex-induced antagonist activation in dorsiflexion also demonstrated sustained clonus during plantarflexion. This usually occurred only if the target had been overshot so that the return of the limb stretched the soleus muscle and triggered clonus. We conclude that in some patients, hyperactive stretch reflexes cause movement deficits.

Ex Output:
Adult

Ex Input:
Abstract: We performed a longitudinal study (mean follow-up 19.5 months, range 3 to 42 months) in 18 consecutive children with clinical symptoms of LAV/HTLV III infection. Twelve patients were born to mothers infected with LAV/HTLV III, and six were infected by blood products administered during the first weeks of life. Immunologic studies included lymphocyte markers, in vitro responses to mitogens and antigens with corresponding skin tests, and antibody response with isoagglutinins, post-vaccination antibodies, and Candida. A serologic profile of antibody to GP110, P18, and P25 LAV/HTLV III antigens by radioimmunoprecipitation assay was also performed. The antigen-induced proliferative responses were normal in 10 patients who had a stable course, but were profoundly impaired in eight others who died or had poor condition with opportunistic infections. These in vitro measurements were well correlated with antigen skin tests. An abnormal antibody response to antigens, a low level of isoagglutinins, and a peculiar profile of LAV/HTLV III antibodies were also frequently observed in these eight patients. These measurements appear to be of prognostic value because they were noticed soon after onset of clinical symptoms.

Ex Output:
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Ex Input:
Abstract: Identifying the parathyroid glands is of fundamental importance in thyroid and parathyroid surgery. We found that intravenous infusion of methylene blue was beneficial in intraoperative identification of the parathyroid glands in patients undergoing surgery for hyperparathyroidism as well as total and bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy. The technique is safe and easy to use, and it clearly reduces the operative time. We suggest that it be used routinely in thyroid and parathyroid surgery.

Ex Output:
Adult