Q: Scotland (; Scots: ; ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain. It shares a border with England to the south, and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to the east and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the south-west. In addition to the mainland, the country is made up of more than 790 islands, including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides.

The Kingdom of Scotland emerged as an independent sovereign state in the Early Middle Ages and continued to exist until 1707. By inheritance in 1603, James VI, King of Scots, became King of England and King of Ireland, thus forming a personal union of the three kingdoms. Scotland subsequently entered into a political union with the Kingdom of England on 1 May 1707 to create the new Kingdom of Great Britain. The union also created a new Parliament of Great Britain, which succeeded both the Parliament of Scotland and the Parliament of England. In 1801, Great Britain itself entered into a political union with the Kingdom of Ireland to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

Within Scotland, the monarchy of the United Kingdom has continued to use a variety of styles, titles and other royal symbols of statehood specific to the pre-union Kingdom of Scotland. The legal system within Scotland has also remained separate from those of England and Wales and Northern Ireland; Scotland constitutes a distinct jurisdiction in both public and private law. The continued existence of legal, educational, religious and other institutions distinct from those in the remainder of the UK have all contributed to the continuation of Scottish culture and national identity since the 1707 union with England.

1. in the Early Middle Ages
2. the Kingdom of Great Britain
3. Scotland, England, and Ireland
4. By inheritance.
5. in 1603
6. Scotland and the Kingdom of England
7. one third
8. The continued existence of distinctly Scottish legal, educational, religious and other institutions
9. In 1801
10. the Atlantic Ocean

Numbered questions:
1. when did scotland become an independent state?
2. what is it part of?
3. where was James VI the king?
4. how did he become king?
5. when?
6. who joined to create great britian?
7. what percentage of the island is Scotland?
8. what contributes to the national identity of Scotland?
9. when was the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland formed?
10. what is scotland surrounded by?

Q: Chapter Sixteen: The Sultan Saladin

In the third morning Godwin awoke to see the ray of sunrise streaming through the latticed window.

They fell upon another bed near-by where Wulf still lay sleeping, a bandage on his head that had been hurt in the last charge against the Assassins, and other bandages about his arms and body, which were much bruised in the fight upon the dreadful bridge.

Wondrous was it to Godwin to watch him lying there sleeping healthily, notwithstanding his injuries, and to think of what they had gone through together with so little harm; to think, also, of how they had rescued Rosamund out of the very mouth of that earthly hell of which he could see the peaks through the open window-place--out of the very hands of that fiend, its ruler. Reckoning the tale day by day, he reflected on their adventures since they landed at Beirut, and saw how Heaven had guided their every step.

In face of the warnings that were given them, to visit the Al-je-bal in his stronghold had seemed a madness. Yet there, where none could have thought that she would be, they had found Rosamund. There they had been avenged upon the false knight Sir Hugh Lozelle, who had betrayed her, first to Saladin, then to Sinan, and sent him down to death and judgment; and thence they had rescued Rosamund.

Oh, how wise they had been to obey the dying words of their uncle, Sir Andrew, who doubtless was given foresight at the end! God and His saints had helped them, who could not have helped themselves, and His minister had been Masouda. But for Masouda, Rosamund would by now be lost or dead, and they, if their lives were still left to them, would be wanderers in the great land of Syria, seeking for one who never could be found.

1. no
2. Sixteen
3. The Sultan Saladin
4. Rosamund
5. great land
6. Syria
7. one who never could be found
8. Masouda
9. no
10. morning
11. Godwin
12. latticed
13. Godwin
14. Rosamund
15. very mouth
16. earthly hell
17. Beirut
18. Heaven
19. yes
20. Al-je-bal

Numbered questions:
1. is this chapter 12 ?
2. what is it ?
3. the name of this chapter is ?
4. who could be lost and deceaced ?
5. wandering where ?
6. of what ?
7. seeking for what ?
8. who was the minister ?
9. did it start in the 3rd afternoon ?
10. when was it ?
11. who woke up ?
12. what kind of window did he see the sun ?
13. who looked at him while sleep ?
14. who was saved ?
15. out of what ?
16. of what ?
17. where did they line ?
18. who lead them there ?
19. did they receive warmings ?
20. to visit what/who ?

Q: Why does most of the world travel on the right side today? Theories differ, but there's no doubt that Napoleon was a major influence. The French had used the right since at least the late 18th century. Some say that before the French Revolution, noblemen drove their carriages on the left, forcing the peasants to the right. Regardless of the origin, Napoleon brought right-hand traffic to the nations he conquered, including Russia, Switzerland and Germany. Hitler, in turn, ordered right-hand traffic in Czechoslovakia and Austria in the 1930s. Nations that escaped right-hand control, like Great Britain, followed their left-hand tradition.

The U.S. has not always been a nation of right-hand rivers; earlier in its history, carriage and horse traffic traveled on the left, as it did in England. But by the late 1700s, people driving large wagons pulled by several pairs of horses began promoting a shift to the right. A driver would sit on the rear left horse in order to wave his whip with his right hand; to see opposite traffic clearly, they traveled on the right.

One of the final moves to firmly standardize traffic directions in the U.S. occurred in the 20th century, when Henry Ford decided to mass-produce his cars with controls on the left (one reason, stated in 1908; the convenience for passengers exiting directly onto the edge, especially... if there is a lady to be considered). Once these rules were set, many countries eventually adjusted to the right-hand standard, including Canada in the 1920s, Sweden in 1967 and Burma in 1970. The U.K. and former colonies such as Australia and India are among the western world's few remaining holdouts. Several Asian countries, including Japan, use the left as well -- thought many places use both right-hand-drive and left-hand-drive cars.

1. Napoleon.
2. The French
3. at least the late 18th century.
4. forcing the peasants to the right
5. to the nations he conquered
6. including Russia, Switzerland and Germany.
7. . Hitler
8. Czechoslovakia
9. 1930s
10. Great Britain
11. No
12. carriage and horse traffic traveled on the left
13. by the late 1700s
14. to see traffic clearly
15. in the 20th century,
16. Henry Ford
17. to mass-produce his cars with controls on the left
18. Canada
19. Canada in the 1920s,
20. Sweden
21. Sweden in 1967

Numbered questions:
1. Who was a major influence on the theory on world travel?
2. Who used this theory early on?
3. Since when?
4. Why do some say the noblemen drove their carriage on the left?
5. Where did Napoleon bring right-handed traffic?
6. Including where?
7. Who ordered this in Austria?
8. Where else?
9. What year?
10. Who followed left-hand tradition?
11. Did the US always adopt right-handed?
12. What was the tradition in early history?
13. When did it switch to the right?
14. Why?
15. When did the final move standardize traffic directions in the US
16. who help decide this?
17. How?
18. Who else converted to these standards?
19. When?
20. Who else?
21. When?