Generate an explanation for the given claim using the provided supporting material from the paragraph. Please consider the following points while generating an output. 1) The claim will always have supporting proof in the paragraph, and the paragraph will have a clear point of view supporting the claim. 2) There can be instances where direct correlation to the claim is not available. Make use of the sentences in the paragraph to provide a corresponding output supporting the claim. 3) The explanation should be at least one and at most twelve sentences long.

Q: Paragraph: In May 2020, a photograph started to circulate on social media supposedly showing a petri dish that was coughed on by a person not wearing a mask and a petri dish coughed on by the same person wearing a mask: As the Twitter user noted, this image reportedly was taken by lab technician Katie Corley and shared to her public Facebook page. Corley's original post was shared on May 6 along with a message to the "conspiracy theorists" who were refusing to wear masks during the COVID-19 pandemic: Visual experiment for you conspiracy theorists: I coughed on two petri dishes, one while wearing a mask and one not. Shocking! The one on the left with no growth is the one I used a mask for! The one on the right where I didn't wear a mask is full of bacteria. So yeah, maybe cloth masks don't give you much protection, but they protect the people around you. Maybe wear one if you insist it's your constitutional right to eat at Chili's. We note that many social media users who encountered this photograph made some incorrect assumptions about what it showed. For example, many people seemed to think that the petri dish on the right showed SARS-CoV-2, the strain of coronavirus at the center of the current pandemic, and that this photograph demonstrated just how effective masks were at stopping the spread of COVID-19. This photograph, however, simply shows "normal oral flora." In an edit to her post, Corley explained that the petri dish on the right contained "normal oral flora," such as staph species, neisseria species, and corynebacterium. Corley also noted that viruses are much smaller than the bacterium shown in the petri dish, but noted that this small experiment demonstrated how masks can lessen droplet spread that can carry viruses. Corley added: There's been a lot of questions regarding this experiment, so here's some answers: 1. I used a cloth mask I made myself with disposable lab coat material. 2. I used blood agar. 3. The plate on the right looks "old" or "stale" because of the growth. Some of the organisms on this plate are alpha hemolytic, meaning they partially hemolyze blood. The agar itself is made with 5% sheep's blood, so when it's partially hemolyzed, it turns a dark green color. 4. As for the growth, it's mostly viridans strep, staph species (not staph aureus), neisseria species, and corynebacterium. Pretty normal oral flora. 5. I realize that viruses are 1,000 times smaller than bacteria. The point of the masks is to prevent droplet spread, which carry bacteria as well as viruses. Corley, of course, was not the first person to notice how face masks lessened droplet transmission. Similar images showing bacteria from a person's cough growing in a petri dish can also be seen in this article from the Microbiology Society. Rich Davis, the Clinical Microbiology Lab Directory at Providence Sacred Heart, posted a series of images of a similar demonstration: What does a mask do? Blocks respiratory droplets coming from your mouth and throat. Two simple demos: First, I sneezed, sang, talked & coughed toward an agar culture plate with or without a mask. Bacteria colonies show where droplets landed. A mask blocks virtually all of them. pic.twitter.com/ETUD9DFmgU Rich Davis, PhD, D(ABMM), MLS 🦠🔬🧫 (@richdavisphd) June 26, 2020 Davis, like Corley, emphasized that this was not an experiment showing the efficacy of masks against the spread of COVID-19. Rather, it was a simple demonstration to show how masks lessened the spread of respiratory droplets, which can carry the disease. The British children's television show "Operation Ouch!" also took a look at how much bacteria gets disseminated when a person coughs. While that episode did not include masks, it did compare a petri dish that was coughed on by a man with no mouth covering and a petri dish that was coughed on by a man who covered his mouth with an elbow. Here's how the petri dish looked after it was coughed on by the man who covered his mouth (left) and the petri dish coughed on by the man who didn't (right). As you can see, the results from "Operation Ouch!" are very similar to the results seen in Corley's post: Here's the clip from "Operation Ouch!" (The cough experiment starts around the 50-second mark): A 2005 study published in the Journal of Clinical Microbiology noted that more than 700 bacterial species have been detected in the oral cavity. Covering your mouth when you cough (either with an elbow or a mask) can reduce droplet transmission and lessen the spread of potentially harmful germs. Professor Lindsay Grayson, director of infectious diseases at Melbourne's Austin Hospital, said as much duringa presentation at the Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy in San Francisco in 2009 concerning research on the effectiveness of masks in slowing the spread of influenza. The New York Times reported: "If you're wearing a mask to prevent yourself from catching it, they're not so effective," said Dr. M. Lindsay Grayson, professor of medicine at the University of Melbourne and one of the study's co-authors. "But if you're sick with the flu and coughing and sputtering, those masks do prevent you from spraying those bugs everywhere." The researchers asked nine study subjects with documented cases of influenza type A or B to test two different types of masks the standard, disposable surgical masks and a more costly, respirator-style mask. The flu patients coughed into a petri dish while wearing both types of mask as well as without the mask. The dish was then tested for the presence of flu virus. When either type of mask was worn, no virus was detected on the petri dish. But how effective are masks in preventing the spread of COVID-19? While the exact efficacy of masks on the spread of COVID-19 is still undetermined, health officials do recommend that people wear masks in public because these face coverings can prevent droplet transmission. Claim: A photograph shows one petri dish that was coughed on by a person not wearing a mask and another petri dish coughed on by the same person wearing a mask.

A: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) told us:
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Q: Paragraph: The lawsuit seeking class-action status was filed in U.S. District Court on behalf of a dozen children against Gov. Jim Justice, the state Department of Health and Human Resources and other state officials. The 105-page complaint describes stories of neglect and harm done to foster children while under the department's care. Many were in inadequate and dangerous placements, left without necessary services or forced to languish in foster care for years, including a 17-year-old suicidal boy who sleeps in a locked cell at a juvenile detention center. Filed by a Charleston law firm and nonprofit advocacy groups A Better Childhood and Disability Rights West Virginia, the lawsuit said the state's child welfare system has "significant administrative problems that hinder its ability to operate effectively." "For years, the state has ignored repeated recommendations about how to fix the damaging West Virginia foster care system," Marcia Robinson Lowry, executive director of A Better Childhood, said in a statement. "Children are being sent to institutions, placed in foster homes without any services, and abandoned by the state." New York-based A Better Childhood has filed similar lawsuits in several states. DHHR Secretary Bill Crouch said changes were made to the child welfare system starting in 2013 and efforts have increased every year since. Crouch said the lawsuit will cost the state millions of dollars "and was filed by a company that has never contacted us to ask the question: 'What are you doing to fix these problems?' We welcome the opportunity to make our case in court." The governor's office did not immediately respond to a request for comment. Earlier this year, West Virginia agreed to expand mental health services for children after a federal investigation found the state unnecessarily institutionalized kids with emotional or behavioral disorders. In the case of the 17-year-old boy, the lawsuit said he was physically abused by his family and has been under DHHR care since 2012. He lived in group homes and residential care centers before being sent to a juvenile detention center, where he sleeps on a mattress on a cement floor in a locked cell. He suffers from depression, has attempted suicide several times and will be homeless when he ages out of the system within the year, the lawsuit said. In September, the DHHR told lawmakers that 651 foster care children, mostly teen boys, have run away from group care settings or schools in less than a year. "Not only are we failing to provide federally mandated care, but we are also failing to prepare these children for what lies ahead and instead condemning many of them to a life of abuse and homelessness once they age out of foster care," plaintiffs' attorney Richard Walters said. The DHHR's foster care ranks have swelled to about 6,900 children an increase of more than 60% from the same time in 2015 as the state grapples with the opioid addiction epidemic. West Virginia has by far the highest rate of drug overdose deaths in the nation. The lawsuit said three siblings ages 2, 3 and 4 were placed under DHHR care because of drug-addicted parents, but the children have moved from one foster home to another "due to DHHR's inability to appropriately develop case plans and to follow department procedures." West Virginia can no longer use the opioid epidemic as an excuse, the lawsuit said. "The foster care crisis in West Virginia is not an issue that just arose in the last 4-5 years, it's a systemic problem that has festered in the state for almost 20 years," said Jeremiah Underhill, legal director of Disability Rights West Virginia. The lawsuit also says the state failed to maintain an adequate number of appropriate foster homes and resorts to quick placements among relatives without vetting or monitoring to ensure children's safety. The reliance upon kinship caregivers has increased more than 30 percentage points over the past five years. State lawmakers have limited placement of a child in an out-of-state facility unless it's closer to the child's family or the child has a health issue that cannot be addressed by an in-state facility. Claim: Federal lawsuit targets West Virginia foster care system.

A: The overwhelmed foster care system in opioid-ravaged West Virginia has failed to protect children, according to a federal lawsuit filed Monday.
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Q: Paragraph: "While the rest of the nation celebrated Mardi Gras on Feb. 12, official Washington was transfixed by a different spectacle: delivery of President Barack Obama's yearly State of the Union speech. Newly elected Congressman Dave Joyce watched the hour-long oration on the House of Representatives floor with his House and Senate colleagues and was up the next morning to discuss it with radio talk show host and Plain Dealer columnist Mike McIntyre on WCPN's ""The Sound of Ideas"" call-in program. The Russell Township Republican told McIntyre he heard plenty of familiar themes in Obama's speech, and said many of the president's solutions to problems ""seemed to involve more big government."" But Joyce said he was intrigued by Obama's call for providing high school students with a more technical education that will help them get better jobs after graduation. During the speech, Obama highlighted a school in Brooklyn, N.Y. that graduates students with both a high school diploma and an associates degree in computers or engineering. ""We need to better prepare our workforce for the jobs that we have,"" Joyce said. ""There are three million jobs that go vacant each month in this country, so the idea of trying to better prepare our children for the workforce by reforming high schools and stressing technical degrees in engineering, that is something that intrigues me. It's something that people in other districts hear from their people, who said we have difficulty finding competent workers."" PolitiFact was intrigued by Joyce's assertion that three million U.S. jobs go unfilled every month. Could that be that a nation with a 7.9 percent unemployment in January, 2013 actually has so many job openings? Joyce's press secretary referred us to monthly job openings reports produced by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. A Feb. 12 report that covered statistics from December 2012 said there were 3.6 million job openings on the last day of the year, a number that varied little throughout 2012. The report said that during 2012, hires totaled 51.8 million and separations totaled 50.0 million, yielding a net employment gain of 1.8 million. Reports the office issued for previous months in 2012 indicated there were 3.8 million job openings in June, 3.7 million job openings in November, October , July, May and March, 3.6 million openings in September and August, 3.5 million vacancies in January and February, and 3.4 million unfilled jobs in April, So why are there so many unfilled jobs? Employers maintain there's a skills gap, while some labor economists say that skilled workers desire more pay than employers want to provide. A Bloomberg.com article on the subject said U.S. companies have reported more than 3 million job openings every month since February 2011. The article quoted Anthony Carnevale, who heads the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce in Washington, D.C., saying there's a demand for workers with highly specific skills. The article described a growing skills gap as a global problem, quoting a McKinsey Global Institute study that said employers worldwide could face a shortage of 85 million high- and medium-skilled workers by 2020. It also highlighted a Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center program that helps unskilled workers train for better paid, skilled jobs in fields such as nursing. ""'Qualified' used to mean a high school degree,"" Carnevale told Bloomberg. ""Now the qualification level has gone up so they're pressing for better people."" A Nov. 11 segment on CBS News' ""60 Minutes"" said that manufacturers nationwide say the lack of skilled workers is the reason for hundreds of thousands of unfilled jobs. But it quoted management professor Peter Capelli of the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School of Business saying that if companies paid better, they might be able to get the higher skilled workers they say they need. ""This is a market. And so, you know, if you're not willing to pay more, don't expect to get better quality people,"" Capelli said. ""One of the things we know now is wages are not going up. In fact, they've been stagnant and some cases even declining over time. So where is the shortage?"" Capelli also noted that a generation ago, companies provided workers with the training they needed. ""Companies are now saying, for all kinds of reasons, ""We're not going to do it anymore,"" Capelli told ""60 Minutes."" ""And maybe they're right, they can't do it. But what they probably can't do is say, 'We're not going to do it, and it's your problem. It's your problem to provide us with what we need, Mr. and Mrs. Taxpayer. You need to pay for this for us."" Alcoa Inc. CEO Klaus Kleinfeld provided a counterpoint to Capelli's views. Kleinfeld said he believes manufacturing jobs pay ""very, very well,"" and that Alcoa is making efforts to fill the skills gap as are many other businesses. Asked why there's still a skills gap if manufacturing is attempting to close it, Kleinfield replied: ""This is not a society where you can tell somebody what - where to go, or where to - what education to get, right?' Joyce's claim that 3 million jobs go vacant each month is accurate." Claim: There are 3 million jobs that go vacant each month in this country.

A:
Rep. Dave Joyce says millions of U.S. jobs go unfilled each month
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