Answer the following question given this paragraph: Another major step in animal evolution was the evolution of a notochord. A notochord is a rigid rod that runs the length of the body. It supports the body and gives it shape (see Figure below ). It also provides a place for muscles to anchor, and counterbalances them when they contract. Animals with a notochord are called chordates. They also have a hollow nerve cord that runs along the top of the body. Gill slits and a tail are two other chordate features. Many modern chordates have some of these structures only as embryos. Q: A major step in animal evolution was the evolution of what rigid rod that runs the length of the body? Choices: - limbic system - endoderm - mitochondria - notochord A:
notochord
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The formation of scientific theories is generally guided by the law of parsimony. The word parsimony means "thriftiness. " The law of parsimony states that, when choosing between competing theories, you should select the theory that makes the fewest assumptions. In other words, the simpler theory is more likely to be correct. For example, you probably know that Earth and the other planets of our solar system orbit around the sun. But several centuries ago, it was believed that Earth is at the center of the solar system and the other planets orbit around Earth. While it is possible to explain the movement of planets according to this theory, the explanation is unnecessarily complex. Q: What the scientific concept stating that when looking at two competing theories, the one with fewer assumptions should be chosen? Choices: - law of thermodynamics - law of simplicity - law of averages - law of parsimony A:
law of parsimony
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Chemoautotrophs are cells that break down inorganic molecules to supply energy for the cell, and use carbon dioxide as a carbon source. Chemoautotrophs include prokaryotes that break down hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S the "rotten egg" smelling gas), and ammonia (NH 4 ). Nitrosomonas , a species of soil bacterium, oxidizes NH 4 + to nitrite (NO 2 - ). This reaction releases energy that the bacteria use. Many chemoautotrophs also live in extreme environments such as deep sea vents. Q: What are the cells that break down inorganic molecules to supply energy for the cell, and use carbon dioxide as a carbon source? Choices: - staurikosaurus - fluctuations - Sediments - chemoautotrophs A:
A: chemoautotrophs
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The use of the word respiration in relation to gas exchange is different from its use in the term cellular respiration . Recall that cellular respiration is the metabolic process by which cells obtain energy by "burning" glucose. Cellular respiration uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide. Respiration by the respiratory system supplies the oxygen and takes away the carbon dioxide. Q: What is the metabolic process by which cells obtain energy by "burning" glucose? Choices: - electromagnetic respiration - cellular transportation - cellular digestion - cellular respiration A:
Answer: cellular respiration
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Plates move for two reasons. Upwelling mantle at the mid-ocean ridge pushes plates outward. Cold lithosphere sinking into the mantle at a subduction zone pulls the rest of the plate down with it. Q: Upwelling mantle at the mid-ocean ridge pushes plates in which direction? Choices: - eastward - inward - westward - outward A:
**Answer**
outward
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: 4.3 | Connective Tissue Supports and Protects By the end of this section, you will be able to: Identify and distinguish between the types of connective tissue: proper, supportive, and fluid Explain the functions of connective tissues As may be obvious from its name, one of the major functions of connective tissue is to connect tissues and organs. Unlike epithelial tissue, which is composed of cells closely packed with little or no extracellular space in between, connective tissue cells are dispersed in a matrix. The matrix usually includes a large amount of extracellular material produced by the connective tissue cells that are embedded within it. The matrix plays a major role in the functioning of this tissue. The major component of the matrix is a ground substance often crisscrossed by protein fibers. This ground substance is usually a fluid, but it can also be mineralized and solid, as in bones. Connective tissues come in a vast variety of forms, yet they typically have in common three characteristic components: cells, large amounts of amorphous ground substance, and protein fibers. The amount and structure of each component correlates with the function of the tissue, from the rigid ground substance in bones supporting the body to the inclusion of specialized cells; for example, a phagocytic cell that engulfs pathogens and also rids tissue of cellular debris. Q: Connective tissues typically have three characteristic components in common: cells, large amounts of amorphous ground substance, and what else? Choices: - antioxidants - hormones - white blood cells - protein fibers A:
A: protein fibers