In this task, you will be shown a prompt from a judicial decision and multiple holding statements derived from citations following text in a legal decision. Holdings represent the governing legal rule when the law is applied to a particular set of facts. There are five answer choices for each citing text. The correct answer is the holding statement that corresponds to the citing text. You should write an incorrect option. Even though there exist multiple wrong answers, we only need a single wrong answer. There is a <HOLDING> token in the position of the citing text prompt where the holding statement was extracted.

Q: v. Paine, Webber, Jackson & Curtis, Inc., 565 F.Supp. 663, 667 n. 10, 669 (N.D.Ill.1983)). However, in all the cases on this issue, the courts made it clear that the client must have made disclosures to the attorney after manifesting an intent to seek legal advice. Herbes, 180 Ill.App.3d at 698-99, 129 Ill.Dec. 480, 536 N.E.2d 164 (finding that counsel for the plaintiff, who was suing a township over its open-space acquisition program, was ineligible to conduct said representation because he had previously engaged in an attorney-client relationship with the township when it interviewed only him for a possible position representing the township in the same program, evidencing the township's intent to hire him and therefore speak freely regarding the program), Hughes, 565 F.Supp. at 670 (<HOLDING>), Int'l. Paper Co. v. Lloyd Manufacturing Co.,
Holding statements: (A) holding that an attorney may only undertake to represent a new client against a former client where there is no confidential information received from the former client that is in any way relevant to representation of the current client (B) holding that in order to determine whether disqualification of plaintiffs attorney is appropriate because of a previous attorneyclient relationship he had with the defendant the court must determine whether confidential information was passed from client to attorney (C) holding that attorneys should be disqualified where the substantial relationship test is met in order to assure that the confidentiality of the attorneyclient relationship and the loyalty between attorney and client are preserved (D) holding that the district court did not abuse its discretion in drawing an adverse inference where the relief defendant refused to give information necessary to determine whether he still possessed any of the funds or whether he had a legitimate claim to them (E) holding that normal attorneyclient relationship does not bar rule 60b relief when the evidence is clear that the attorney and his client were not acting as one

A: holding that an attorney may only undertake to represent a new client against a former client where there is no confidential information received from the former client that is in any way relevant to representation of the current client
****
Q: or inferences ... based on scientific, technical, or other specialized knowledge within the scope of Rule 702." Fed.R.Evid. 701(c). In other words, lay testimony must "result[] from a process of reasoning familiar in everyday life" and not "from a process of reasoning which can be mastered only by specialists in the field." Fed.R.Evid. 701 advisory committee's note (internal quotation marks omitted). "Testimony based solely on a person's special training or experience is properly classified as expert testimony, and therefore it is not admissible under Rule 701." Compania Administradora v. Titan Intern'l, Inc., 533 F.3d 555, 561 (7th Cir.2008). This includes testimony about an opinion reached during a parole officer's investigation. See U.S. v. Garcia, 413 F.3d 201, 216 (2d Cir.2005) (<HOLDING>). Cue's testimony here does not "result[] from
Holding statements: (A) holding officer could testify based on his training and experience that a defendants actions were consistent with selling cocaine (B) holding that a witness may testify about his subjective interpretation of a conversation in which he is participating as long as his opinion is rationally based on his perception and is helpful either to an understanding of his testimony or to the determination of a fact in issue (C) holding that a law enforcement agent may not testify about an opinion reached during his investigation if the agents reasoning process depended in whole or in part on his specialized training and experience (D) holding that trial court did not abuse its discretion in qualifying an expert witness in the area of gang identity and investigation based on his training and experience (E) holding an agent from the drug enforcement agency could testify regarding the street value of cocaine where the agent was testifying regarding matters within his personal knowledge and experience as a narcotics officer

A: holding officer could testify based on his training and experience that a defendants actions were consistent with selling cocaine
****
Q: Cal. Civ.Code 2924c(e). 9 .Debtors' original chapter 13 plan proposed paying 0% to the unsecured creditors (not including Advanta and Household). The Debtors then amended their plan to provide 100% to the general unsecured creditors (not including Advanta and Household). After the Court's ruling at the hearing on the issue presented herein, the Debtors amended their plan to provide 8% to the general unsecured creditors, including Advanta and Household. 10 . Kathleen P. March and Jennifer Hilde-brandt, Lien Stripping: When You Can and When You Can't The Law Now and What the Future May Hold, 24 Cal. Bankr.J. 317 (1998). 11 . See supra, footnote 5. 12 . Id. 13 . Id. 14 . 11 U.S.C. 524(a)(1), (2). See also, Cennamo v. United States (In re Cennamo), 147 B.R. 540 (Bankr.C.D.Cal.1992) (<HOLDING>); accord In re Isom, 901 F.2d 744 (9th
Holding statements: (A) holding that the debtors belated filing was not a reasonable effort to satisfy the requirements of the tax law relying significantly on the debtors delinquency in failing to file his tax returns until after the irs assessment thus defeating the main purpose of the selfreporting requirement of our tax system (B) holding that operates as a charge of debtors in personam tax liability not debtors in rem tax liability (C) holding that discharged debtor is protected only from in personam liability not in rem liability on lien given as security for mortgage loan (D) recognizing certificates of assessment as adequate evidence of tax liability (E) holding that a binding settlement on a tax liability must follow the requirements of the tax code which include the execution of a closing agreement

A:
holding that the debtors belated filing was not a reasonable effort to satisfy the requirements of the tax law relying significantly on the debtors delinquency in failing to file his tax returns until after the irs assessment thus defeating the main purpose of the selfreporting requirement of our tax system
****