In this task, you are given an abstract of article. Your task is to generate title for this article. Preferred titles are under thirty words.
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Question: IL-6 is an immunoregulatory cytokine with multiple functions in hemopoiesis, proliferation, and tumorigenesis. IL-6 triggers phosphorylation, dimerization, and nuclear translocation of STAT3, which binds to target promoters and activates transcription. Brahma-related gene 1 (BRG1), the enzymatic engine of the yeast-mating type-switching and sucrose-nonfermenting chromatin-remodeling complex, is essential for recruitment of STAT1 or STAT1/STAT2-containing complexes to IFN targets. We hypothesized that BRG1 might also be required for STAT3 recruitment. In this study, we show that induction of a subset of human IL-6-responsive genes is BRG1 dependent. BRG1 is constitutively present at these targets and is required for STAT3 recruitment, downstream histone modifications, and IL-6-induced chromatin remodeling. IL-6-induced recruitment of STAT3 to the IFN regulatory factor 1 promoter and subsequent mRNA synthesis is BRG1 dependent, even though IFN-gamma-mediated STAT1 recruitment to this locus is BRG1 independent. BRG1 also increased basal expression of IFN-induced transmembrane protein 3 and IFN-gamma-induced protein 16, and the basal chromatin accessibility at the promoter of IFN regulatory factor 1. The effect on basal expression was STAT3 independent, as revealed by small interfering RNA knockdown. Together with prior observations, these data reveal that BRG1 has a broad role in mediating STAT accessibility at multiple cytokine-responsive promoters and exposes promoter specific differences in both the effect of BRG1 on basal chromatin accessibility and on access of different STAT proteins to the same target.

Answer: Brahma-related gene 1-dependent STAT3 recruitment at IL-6-inducible genes.

Question: Fascin, an actin-bundling protein overexpressed in all carcinomas, has been associated with poor prognosis, shorter survival, and more metastatic diseases. It is believed that fascin facilitates tumor metastasis by promoting the formation of invasive membrane protrusions. However, the mechanisms by which fascin is overexpressed in tumors are not clear. TGF is a cytokine secreted by tumor and mesenchymal cells and promotes metastasis in many late stage tumors. The pro-metastasis mechanisms of TGF remain to be fully elucidated. Here we demonstrated that TGF induced fascin expression in spindle-shaped tumor cells through the canonical Smad-dependent pathway. Fascin was critical for TGF-promoted filopodia formation, migration, and invasion in spindle tumor cells. More importantly, fascin expression significantly correlates with TGF1 and TGF receptor I levels in a cohort of primary breast tumor samples. Our results indicate that elevated TGF level in the tumor microenvironment may be responsible for fascin overexpression in some of the metastatic tumors. Our data also suggest that fascin could play a central role in TGF-promoted tumor metastasis.

Answer: Fascin protein is critical for transforming growth factor protein-induced invasion and filopodia formation in spindle-shaped tumor cells.

Question: Small molecules that modulate stem cell fate and function offer significant opportunities that will allow the full realization of the therapeutic potential of stem cells. Rational design and screening for small molecules have identified useful compounds to probe fundamental mechanisms of stem cell self-renewal, differentiation, and reprogramming and have facilitated the development of cell-based therapies and therapeutic drugs targeting endogenous stem and progenitor cells for repair and regeneration. Here, we will discuss recent scientific and therapeutic progress, as well as new perspectives and future challenges for using chemical approaches in stem cell biology and regenerative medicine.

Answer:
Chemical approaches to stem cell biology and therapeutics.