Question: When the board has no embedded components it is more correctly called a printed wiring board (PWB) or etched wiring board. However, the term printed wiring board has fallen into disuse. A PCB populated with electronic components is called a printed circuit assembly (PCA), printed circuit board assembly or PCB assembly (PCBA). The IPC preferred term for assembled boards is circuit card assembly (CCA), and for assembled backplanes it is backplane assemblies. The term PCB is used informally both for bare and assembled boards.

Initially PCBs were designed manually by creating a photomask on a clear mylar sheet, usually at two or four times the true size. Starting from the schematic diagram the component pin pads were laid out on the mylar and then traces were routed to connect the pads. Rub-on dry transfers of common component footprints increased efficiency. Traces were made with self-adhesive tape. Pre-printed non-reproducing grids on the mylar assisted in layout. To fabricate the board, the finished photomask was photolithographically reproduced onto a photoresist coating on the blank copper-clad boards. 1. How is the term PCB used? Provide a numbered list of answers.
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A numbered of answers: 1. printed wiring board

Q: Linux is a name which broadly denotes a family of free and open-source software operating system distributions built around the Linux kernel. The defining component of a Linux distribution is the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name. The Free Software Foundation uses the name "GNU/Linux" to refer to the operating system family, as well as specific distributions, to emphasize that most Linux distributions are not just the Linux kernel, and that they have in common not only the kernel, but also numerous utilities and libraries, a large proportion of which are from the GNU project. This has led to some controversy.

Linux was originally developed for personal computers based on the Intel x86 architecture, but has since been ported to more platforms than any other operating system. Because of the dominance of the Linux kernel-based Android OS on smartphones, Linux has the largest installed base of all general-purpose operating systems. Linux is also the leading operating system on servers and other big iron systems such as mainframe computers, and is used on 99.6% of the TOP500 supercomputers. It is used by around 2.3% of desktop computers. The Chromebook, which runs the Linux kernel-based ChromeOS, dominates the US K12 education market and represents nearly 20% of the sub-$300 notebook sales in the US. Linux also runs on embedded systems devices whose operating system is typically built into the firmware and is highly tailored to the system. This includes TiVo and similar DVR devices, network routers, facility automation controls, televisions, video game consoles and smartwatches. Many smartphones and tablet computers run Android and other Linux derivatives.

1. September 17, 1991
2. Linus Torvalds
3. false
4. use of the word "Linux" in their name
5. yes
6. GNU project
7. TiVo
8. yes
9. ChromeOS
10. US K12 education
11. yes
12. nearly 20%
13. personal computers
14. Intel x86
15. yes
16. smartphones
17. mainframe computers
18. TOP500 supercomputers.
19. no
20. 2.3%

Numbered questions:
1. When was the Linux kernel released?
2. By whom?
3. True or False: Most Linux distributions are just the kernel.
4. What is something many Linux distributions share?
5. Do they also share libraries?
6. Where do many of those come from?
7. What organization uses the GNU name?
8. Does the Chromebook use something from Linux?
9. What?
10. What market does it lead?
11. Does the Chromebook cost less than three hundred dollars?
12. What percentage of notebooks sold for less than three hundred are Chromebooks?
13. What was Linux first made for?
14. What structure was it based on?
15. Is it on phones now?
16. What kind?
17. What is an example of a big iron system?
18. And one more?
19. True or False: Linux is used by the majority of desktop computers.
20. What percentage uses it?

input: CHAPTER I

GUY POYNTON AGAIN

"I Suppose," the boy said thoughtfully, "I must seem to you beastly ungrateful. You've been a perfect brick to me ever since that night. But I can't help being a bit homesick. You see, it was really the first time I'd ever been away from home for long, and though my little place isn't a patch on this, of course, still, I was born there, and I'm jolly fond of it."

His companion nodded, and his dark eyes rested for a moment upon the other's face. Guy Poynton was idly watching the reapers at work in the golden valley below, and he did not catch his friend's expression.

"You are very young, _mon cher ami_," he said. "As one grows older one demands change. Change always of scene and occupation. Now I, too, am most hideously bored here, although it is my home. For me to live is only possible in Paris--Paris, the beautiful."

Guy looked away from the fields. He resented a little his friend's air of superiority.

"There's only a year's difference in our ages!" he remarked.

Henri de Bergillac smiled--this time more expressively than ever, and held out his hands.

"I speak of experience, not years," he said. "You have lived for twenty years in a very delightful spot no doubt, but away from everything which makes life endurable, possible even, for the child of the cities. I have lived for twenty-one years mostly in Paris. Ah, the difference!"

Guy shrugged his shoulders, and leaned back in his chair. 1. What was Poynton watching in the valley below?
2. Where did Bergillac say he wants to live?
3. Does he live there?
4. What is the difference in ages between the friends?
5. Does Bergillac say Poynton is very young?
6. Does Bergillac want to live in the present location?
7. Is Poynton fond of where he was born?
8. Is he a little homesick?
9. What does Poynton call Bergillac?
10. What does Bergillac say happens when one grows older?
11. Did Poynton feel resentful about this? Return numbered answers in your output.

output:
1. the reapers
2. Paris
3. no
4. one year
5. yes
6. no
7. yes
8. yes
9. a perfect brick
10. demands change
11. yes, a little