Question: Tonga ( or ; Tongan: "Puleanga Fakatui o Tonga"), officially the Kingdom of Tonga, is a Polynesian sovereign state and archipelago comprising 169 islands, of which 36 are inhabited. The total surface area is about scattered over of the southern Pacific Ocean. It has a population of 103,000 people, of whom 70% reside on the main island of Tongatapu.

Tonga stretches across approximately in a north-south line. It is surrounded by Fiji and Wallis and Futuna (France) to the northwest, Samoa to the northeast, Niue to the east, Kermadec (part of New Zealand) to the southwest, and New Caledonia (France) and Vanuatu to the farther west.

Tonga became known in the West as the Friendly Islands because of the congenial reception accorded to Captain James Cook on his first visit in 1773. He arrived at the time of the "inasi" festival, the yearly donation of the First Fruits to the Tui Tonga (the islands' paramount chief) and so received an invitation to the festivities. According to the writer William Mariner, the chiefs wanted to kill Cook during the gathering but could not agree on a plan.

From 1900 to 1970, Tonga had British protected state status, with the United Kingdom looking after its foreign affairs under a Treaty of Friendship. The country never relinquished its sovereignty to any foreign power. In 2010, Tonga took a decisive path towards becoming a constitutional monarchy rather than a traditional absolute kingdom, after legislative reforms passed a course for the first partial representative elections. 1. What has a nickname that sounds like a nice place?
2. What is the nickname?
3. Why is it called that?
4. When was this?
5. Was there a party when he showed up?
6. Called what?
7. Were they planning to murder him?
8. Why didn't they?
9. Says whom?
10. How long did the Brits protect them?
11. Did any other place ever control them?
12. Are there a lot of islands there?
13. How many?
14. Do folks live on all of them?
15. How many are occupied?
16. How many total folks live there?
17. Most live where?
18. What borders it?
19. And?
20. Does it have a constitution? Provide a numbered list of answers.
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A numbered of answers: 1. Tonga
2. the Friendly Islands
3. because of the congenial reception accorded to Captain James Cook
4. in 1773
5. yes
6. the "inasi" festival
7. yes
8. they could not agree on a plan
9. William Mariner
10. 70 years
11. no
12. yes
13. 169
14. no
15. 36
16. 103,000
17. Tongatapu
18. Samoa
19. Niue
20. yes

Question: A vernacular or vernacular language is the native language or native dialect (usually colloquial or informal) of a specific population, especially as distinguished from a literary, national or standard variety of the language, or a lingua franca (also called a vehicular language) used in the region or state inhabited by that population. Some linguists use "vernacular" and "nonstandard dialect" as synonyms.

The use of "vernacular" is not recent. In 1688, James Howell wrote:

Concerning Italy, doubtless there were divers before the Latin did spread all over that Country; the Calabrian, and Apulian spoke Greek, whereof some Relicks are to be found to this day; but it was an adventitious, no Mother-Language to them: 'tis confess'd that Latium it self, and all the Territories about Rome, had the Latin for its maternal and common first vernacular Tongue; but Tuscany and Liguria had others quite discrepant, viz. the Hetruscane and Mesapian, whereof though there be some Records yet extant; yet there are none alive that can understand them: The Oscan, the Sabin and Tusculan, are thought to be but Dialects to these.

Here vernacular, mother language and dialect are already in use in a modern sense. According to Merriam-Webster, "vernacular" was brought into the English language as early as 1601 from the Latin "vernaculus" ("native") which had been in figurative use in Classical Latin as "national" and "domestic", having originally been derived from "vernus" and "verna", a male or female slave respectively born in the house rather than abroad. The figurative meaning was broadened from the diminutive extended words "vernaculus, vernacula". Varro, the classical Latin grammarian, used the term "vocabula vernacula", "termes de la langue nationale" or "vocabulary of the national language" as opposed to foreign words. 1. Is the use of vernacular recent?
2. What is a vernacular?
3. What are some synonyms?
4. Who spoke greek?
5. Anyone else?
6. When was the word introduced into the english language?
7. According to who?
8. From what latin word?
9. Which means?
10. How was it used in classical latin?
11. As what?
12. Anything else?
13. Derived from what originally?
14. Meaning?
15. How was the figurative meaning expanded?
16. Who was Varro?
17. What terms did he use?
18. Anything else?
19. And the last one?
20. As opposed to? Provide a numbered list of answers.
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A numbered of answers: 1. No
2. The native language or native dialect of a specific population
3. vernacular" and "nonstandard dialect"
4. the Calabrian
5. The Apulian
6. as early as 1601
7. Merriam-Webster
8. Vernaculus
9. Native
10. Figuratively
11. National
12. Domestic
13. Vernus and Verna
14. A male or female slave respectively born in the house rather than abroad.
15. From the diminutive extended words "vernaculus, vernacula".
16. A classical Latin grammarian
17. vocabula vernacula
18. termes de la langue nationale
19. vocabulary of the national language
20. foreign words.

Question: The Southern United States (also the American South, Dixie, and the South), is a region of the United States of America. The South does not fully match the geographic south of the United States, but the Deep South is fully located in the southeastern corner. Arizona and New Mexico, which are geographically in the southern part of the country, are rarely considered part, while West Virginia, which separated from Virginia in 1863, commonly is. Some scholars have proposed definitions of the South that do not coincide neatly with state boundaries. While the states of Delaware and Maryland, as well as the District of Columbia permitted slavery prior to the start of the Civil War, they remained with the Union. Since the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s, they became more culturally, economically, and politically aligned with the industrial Northern states, and are often identified as part of the Mid-Atlantic or Northeast by many residents, businesses, public institutions, and private organizations. However, the United States Census Bureau puts them in the South. Usually, the South is defined as including the southeastern and south-central United States. The region is known for its culture and history, having developed its own customs, musical styles, and cuisines, which have distinguished it in some ways from the rest of the United States. The Southern ethnic heritage is diverse and includes strong European (mostly English, Scottish, Scotch-Irish, Irish, German, French, and Spanish American), African, and some Native American components. 1. What region of America is the article referencing?
2. What is the southern US also called?
3. Anything else?
4. Is it also referred to as the American South?
5. What states are rarely thought to be a part?
6. Are those states actually in the southern part of the country?
7. What 2 states separated in the 1800's?
8. What state allowed slavery before the Civil war?
9. Any others?
10. Did they remain in the union?
11. What event prompted the south to be more aligned with the industrial North?
12. When did this occur?
13. Is the southern ethnic heritage diversified?
14. And from what cultures do they include components of? Provide a numbered list of answers.
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A numbered of answers:
1. the Southern United States
2. the South
3. Dixie
4. yes
5. Arizona and New Mexico
6. yes
7. West Virginia and Virginia
8. Delaware
9. Maryland
10. yes
11. the Civil Rights Movement
12. in the 1960s
13. yes
14. European, African, and some Native American