Background: A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction. The presence of a catalyst is one of several factors that influence the rate of chemical reactions. (Other factors include the temperature, concentration, and surface area of reactants.) A catalyst isn't a reactant in the chemical reaction it speeds up. As a result, it isn't changed or used up in the reaction, so it can go on to catalyze many more reactions. Paragraph: Henry and Tiffany are performing chemical reactions in their high school chemistry class. Henry performs his reactions with the use of a catalyst. Tiffany performs the same reaction with no catalyst present. Given the paragraph above, please answer correctly the following question: Will Henry's catalyst be used up after it catalyzes some reactions, yes or no?
Ans: no

Background: The Figure below shows a graph of plotted against pressure for 1 mol of a gas at three different temperatures - 200 K, 500 K, and 1000 K. An ideal gas would have a value of 1 for that ratio at all temperatures and pressures and the graph would simply be a horizontal line. As can be seen, deviations from an ideal gas occur. As the pressure begins to rise, the attractive forces cause the volume of the gas to be less than expected and the value of drops under 1. Continued pressure increase results in the volume of the particles to become significant and the value of rises to greater than 1. Notice, that the magnitude of the deviations from ideality is greatest for the gas at 200 K and least for the gas at 1000 K. Paragraph: Marcus is working with a sealed container of oxygen. He is trying see how temperature effects its deviations from ideality. He slowly increases the temperature of the oxygen and continues to measures its deviations. Given the paragraph above, please answer correctly the following question: Will increasing the pressure cause the expected volume be more or less?
Ans: less

Background: Many chemicals that were once commonly used were later found out to be harmful to the environment , to human health, or both. The element lead was once a common additive to gasoline and to paint. Plumbing pipes were once typically made of lead. Only since the 1970s has the danger of lead become apparent. It causes brain damage and small children (who often chewed on objects painted with lead-based paint) are particularly susceptible. The use of lead in gasoline, paint, and plumbing pipes is now banned and new materials are being developed to replace the hazardous lead components. Paragraph: Hank and Brian both grew up in the 1950s. They enjoyed playing with toys, but they each had a personal favorite. Hank's favorite toy as a child was his wooden baseball bat. Brian's favorite toy was a metal model car set that came with paint a child could use to paint the car however they wanted. They both have very fond memories of their childhood and Hank still has the baseball bat and his grandchildren now use it when they visit him. Given the paragraph above, please answer correctly the following question: Which child was more likely exposed to dangerous amounts of lead?
Ans: Brian

Background: Wilting is the loss of rigidity of non-woody parts of plants. This occurs when the turgor pressure in non-lignified plant cells falls towards zero, as a result of diminished water in the cells. The rate of loss of water from the plant is greater than the absorption of water in the plant. The process of wilting modifies the leaf angle distribution of the plant (or canopy) towards more erectophile conditions. Lower water availability may result from: drought conditions, where the soil moisture drops below conditions most favorable for plant functioning; the temperature falls to the point where the plants vascular system can not function. high salinity, which causes water to diffuse from the plant cells and induce shrinkage; saturated soil conditions, where roots are unable to obtain sufficient oxygen for cellular respiration, and so are unable to transport water into the plant; or bacteria or fungi that clog the plant's vascular system. Wilting diminishes the plant's ability to transpire and grow. Permanent wilting leads to plant death. Symptoms of wilting and blights resemble one another. Paragraph: Jim had a small veggie garden that he planted every year. His brother Rob had a similar patch, and he was also a gardener. The plants in Jim's garden started wilting at some point and he found out that his soil had high salinity and some harmful bacteria that wiled the plants indirectly. Rob's plant were ok, because he adjusted the soil's ph with sweet lime. Given the paragraph above, please answer correctly the following question: Which garden had fewer plants wilting?
Ans: Rob's