In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

Context: The quantity of the silver-stained nucleolar proteins (AgNOR proteins) measured in situ in cytohistologic preparations is related to the rapidity of cell proliferation. The term "AgNOR proteins" comprises several proteins. The relationship between the individual AgNOR protein amount and cell proliferating activity is not yet known. We studied the quantitative distribution of the individual AgNOR proteins, with specific attention to the two major AgNOR proteins, nucleolin and protein B23, in seven human cancer cell lines characterized by different cell doubling times.', 'The doubling time of cancer cells was measured by counting the asynchronously growing cells at regular time intervals. The AgNOR proteins were quantified in situ, after a specific one-step staining procedure, by computerized image analysis. For the quantitative evaluation of nucleolin and protein B23, two methods were followed. Nuclear proteins after separation by SDS-PAGE were transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes and were either: 1) stained by the silver staining procedure for AgNOR proteins or 2) treated with anti-nucleolin and anti-protein B23 mAb followed by reaction with secondary Ab linked to peroxidase and revealed by chemiluminescence and autoradiography. In both cases, measurement of individual AgNOR protein and nucleolin and protein B23 amount was carried out using computerized densitometric analysis.', 'Integrated density values of the silver-stained bands at 105 kDa (nucleolin) and 38 to 39 kDa (protein B23) represented, in all cell lines, more than 60% of the total silver-stained band value. A relationship was found between the densitometric values of silver-stained nucleolin and protein B23 and rapidity of cell proliferation (r = 0.85 and r = 0.86, respectively, p < 0.05). The values of nucleolin and protein B23 obtained using the Western blots were strictly related to the rapidity of cell proliferation (r = 0.93 and 0.96, respectively, p < 0.001). Finally, a good correlation was observed between the mean AgNOR protein area value, as defined in cytologic preparations in situ, and nucleolin and protein B23 amounts as evaluated in silver-stained nitrocellulose membranes (r = 0.92 and r = 0.90, respectively, p < 0.01) and in Western blots (r = 0.95 and r = 0.94, respectively, p < 0.001).\Question: Is the quantity of nucleolar proteins nucleolin and protein B23 related to cell doubling time in human cancer cells?
These data indicate that the quantitative changes of AgNOR proteins observed in cytohistologic preparations in situ mainly reflect the quantitative changes of nucleolin and protein B23 and demonstrate that nucleolin and protein B23 amounts are inversely related to cell doubling time in human cancer cells.

Context: Our previous work demonstrated altered messenger RNA expression of integrin -5 and -8, using an in silico analysis of publically available data from patients with biliary atresia (BA); however, we were unable to demonstrate statistically significant differences in protein expression because of sample size. In the present study, we repeated the analysis of liver fibrosis and protein expression of the integrins in a larger cohort of patients with BA and compared them with patients undergoing liver biopsy for other diagnoses, with the hypothesis that 1 of the integrins would be differentially expressed.', 'Liver specimens were obtained at 2 collaborating institutions. Samples from infants with BA (n = 23) were compared with samples from those who underwent liver biopsy for neonatal hepatitis (n = 9). All of the specimens were analyzed by 2 pathologists (C.R. and R.A.), who were blinded to the diagnoses. Standard Ishak scoring was performed to evaluate fibrosis and inflammation, and immunohistochemical (IHC) positivity was graded from 0 to 4. Comparisons between the IHC positivity and Ishak scoring for the BA and control groups were performed using the Student t test with P < 0.01 considered significant because of the multiple comparisons. Interobserver variability was assessed by intraclass correlation (ICC).', 'Pooled analysis from specimens from patients with BA showed significantly more fibrosis than controls based on Ishak scores (3.21 1.82 vs 1.17 1.00, P < 0.005). IHC evaluation showed increased integrin 8 protein expression when compared with controls (2.67 0.81 vs 1.72 0.62, P < 0.005); however, there were no significant differences in integrin 5 (1.93 0.84 vs 1.50 0.90, P = 0.23) or integrin 6 (0.85 1.20 vs 0.94 0.85, P = 0.82) expression. These data were confirmed on individual analysis. Interobserver agreement was fair for integrin 5 (ICC 0.52), good for integrin 6 (ICC 0.72), and excellent for integrin 8 (ICC 0.79) and fibrosis (ICC 0.89).\Question: Is integrin -8 , but not -5 or -6 , protein expression increased in livers of children with biliary atresia?
Our data show that integrin 8, but not integrin 5 or integrin 6, protein expression is increased in liver specimens of patients with BA. These data support the mounting evidence that transforming growth factor- (TGF-) activation is responsible for the fibrosis found in BA. Anti-integrin 8 or more global integrin blocking strategies may be therapeutic options in BA, but further work is clearly needed.

Context: Food supplements are known to affect the development of gastric adenocarcinoma. In this study, an animal model of gastric resection was used to investigate the effects of calcium carbonate on spontaneous development of gastric adenocarcinoma.', 'Ninety-two Wistar rats with gastric resections (performed to induce spontaneous gastric cancer) and 60 without resections (controls) were used to analyse the carcinogenic potential of different ion supplements in food.', 'Among the resected rats, cancer developed in 3 out of 18 (17%, NS) given NaCl but in 11 out of 18 (61%, p<0.01) exposed to calcium carbonate. No tumours were found in the unresected (unoperated) animals. These findings were further analysed by separately investigating the effects of calcium and carbonate ions on tumorigenesis in the gastric stump model. Cancer developed in one of 26 (4%) resected animals given a diet supplemented with CaHPO(4), which was lower than the rate observed in the resected control group fed a normal diet, although this difference was not statistically significant. However, tumour development increased significantly in the resected animals given a diet supplemented with NaHCO(3) (tumours in 13 out of 24 rats, 54%; p<0.01).\Question: Does dietary supplementation of carbonate promote spontaneous tumorigenesis in a rat gastric stump model?
The present results reveal a significant role for carbonate in the induction of gastric carcinoma in the rat. The relevance of this finding is underlined by the fact that carbonate is a major constituent of intestinal reflux into the stomach, and that such reflux is considered to be one of the major causes of gastric cancer.