Answer the following question given this paragraph: Active transport pumps can also work together with other active or passive transport systems to move substances across the membrane. For example, the sodium-potassium pump maintains a high concentration of sodium ions outside of the cell. Therefore, if the cell needs sodium ions, all it has to do is open a passive sodium channel, as the concentration gradient of the sodium ions will drive them to diffuse into the cell. In this way, the action of an active transport pump (the sodiumpotassium pump) powers the passive transport of sodium ions by creating a concentration gradient. When active transport powers the transport of another substance in this way, it is called secondary active transport. Symporters are secondary active transporters that move two substances in the same direction. For example, the sodiumglucose symporter uses sodium ions to "pull" glucose molecules into the cell. Because cells store glucose for energy, glucose is typically at a higher concentration inside of the cell than outside. However, due to the action of the sodiumpotassium pump, sodium ions will easily diffuse into the cell when the symporter is opened. The flood of sodium ions through the symporter provides the energy that allows glucose to move through the symporter and into the cell, against its concentration gradient. Q: The flood of sodium ions through the symporter provides the energy that allows what to move through the symporter and into the cell? Choices: - insulin - sucrose - mitochondria - glucose A:
glucose
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Answer the following question given this paragraph: Centrioles are a very important part of centrosomes, which are involved in organizing microtubules in the cytoplasm. Centrosomes are associated with the nuclear membrane during prophase of the mitosis. In mitosis, the nuclear membrane breaks down and the microtubule organizing center (MTOC) of the centrosome arranges microtubules such that they interact with the chromosomes to build the mitotic spindle. Q: Centrioles are a very important part of what? Choices: - centricles - tubercles - enterocytes - centrosomes A:
centrosomes
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Answer the following question given this paragraph: Quaternary structure is a larger assembly of several polypeptide chains, now referred to as subunits of the protein. The quaternary structure is stabilized by the same interactions as the tertiary structure. Complexes of two or more polypeptides are called multimers. Specifically, a dimer contains two subunits, a trimer contains three subunits, and a tetramer contains four subunits. Q: What structure is a larger assembly of several polypeptide chains that are now referred to as subunits of the protein? Choices: - digital structure - geological structure - pyramid structure - quaternary structure A:
quaternary structure
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Answer the following question given this paragraph: Temperature is the average kinetic energy of the molecules. Q: Temperature can be defined as the average of what type of energy of the molecules? Choices: - magnetic - optical - potential - kinetic A:
kinetic
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