Detailed Instructions: In this task, you will be shown a prompt from a judicial decision and multiple holding statements derived from citations following text in a legal decision. Holdings represent the governing legal rule when the law is applied to a particular set of facts. There are five answer choices for each citing text. The correct answer is the holding statement that corresponds to the citing text. The four incorrect answers are other holding statements. You should find the correct option. There is a <HOLDING> token in the position of the citing text prompt where the holding statement was extracted.
Problem:of trial." (Eskin Cert. 5.) However, the certification from Mr. Ferrante is dated some two weeks after the April 26 letter was sent, and is expressly predicated on the withdrawal of plaintiffs' damages claims. The records of this Court indicate that the motion to which Mr. Eskin refers was in fact made on May 11, 2000. 3 . In cases brought under 42 U.S.C. 1983, "a litigant is entitled to an award of nominal damages upon proof of a violation of a substantive constitutional right even in the absence of actual compensable injury." Amato v. City of Saratoga Springs, N.Y., 170 F.3d 311, 317 (2d Cir.1999). However, plaintiffs may not recover punitive damages from the County of Westchester. See City of Newport v. Fact Concerts, Inc., 453 U.S. 247, 101 S.Ct. 2748, 69 L.Ed.2d 616 (1981)
Holding statements: (A) holding that punitive damages are not recoverable against municipalities under 1988 (B) holding that punitive damages are not recoverable against municipalities in actions brought pursuant to 42 usc 1983 (C) holding that in employment discrimination cases falling under 42 usc 1983 municipalities are not subject to punitive damages for the actions of government officials (D) holding that a municipality is immune from punitive damages under 42 usc 1983 (E) holding that municipalities are immune from liability for punitive damages under 42 usc 1983 in part because a municipality can have no malice independent of the malice of its officials damages awarded for punitive purposes therefore are not sensibly assessed against the governmental entity itself
Solution:
(B)