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Sunflowers are ready to be dried once the back of the head begins to turn a deep yellow to yellow-brown. The sunflower head must be dried before you collect the seeds. Sunflower seeds are easy to remove when dry, but nearly impossible to remove when still moist. Most of the yellow petals should have dropped off by this point, and the head may begin to droop or wilt. The seeds should feel hard when tapped and should also have a black-and-white striped appearance, or perhaps all black, depending on the type of sunflower. Secure a brown paper bag over the head of the sunflower using twine, yarn, or string. Do not use a plastic bag. Plastic will not allow the flower head to "breathe," so moisture may build up inside the bag in excess. If this happens, the seeds could rot or develop mold, making them unfit for consumption. If you do not have brown paper bags, you could use a cheesecloth or other similarly breathable fabric. By drying the sunflower off the stem, you do not need to worry about animals eating the seeds before you can get to them. You still need to place the bag over the sunflower head for the sake of collecting loose seeds, though. Remove the head of the sunflower using a sharp knife or shears. Leave roughly 1 ft (30.5 cm) of stem attached to the head. Work carefully so that you do not knock the paper bag from the head as you remove it. Let the sunflower head continue drying in a warm location. Hang the sunflower by tying a piece of twine, yarn, or string to the base of the head and attaching the other end of the twine to a hook, rod, or hanger. The sunflower should dry stem-side up and head-side down. Dry the sunflower in a warm, dry location indoors. The area should have good ventilation to prevent moisture from building up. You should also hang the sunflower head high above the ground or floor to prevent rodents from nibbling at them. Carefully open the bag on a daily basis. Empty the contents of the bag to collect any seeds that fall off early. Store these seeds in an airtight container until the remainder are ready to harvest. The sunflower seeds are ready to harvest once the back of the head turns dark brown and very dry. The drying process takes an average of one to four days, but it may take a little longer depending on how early you harvest the flower head and the conditions in which the flower dries. Do not remove the bag until you are prepared to harvest the seeds. Otherwise, you may drop and lose many of the seeds.

summary: Prepare yellowed sunflowers for drying. Cover the head with a paper bag. Cut off the head. Hang the head upside-down. Check the sunflower head periodically. Remove the bag after the head finishes drying.

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A recipe is a set of steps that lead to a delicious end. In a way, it's a gift from you to the people who read it. If you're writing down a recipe you've made so many times you could cook it in the dark, take a step back and think about the best way to present it to other people. Who will your readers be, and what is their cooking style? Your intended audience should influence the way you write your recipe. If you're writing down a family recipe to make sure it's never forgotten, authenticity will be important to you and your readers. You'll need exact ingredients and measurements so that people in future generations will be able to recreate Grandma's biscuits or Uncle Benny's chili and taste a piece of family history. If your recipe will have a public readership, tradition is less important than taste and accessibility. Make sure your readers will be able to find the ingredients you list, and ensure the final outcome will be tasty enough to make it worthwhile for your readers. Consider the skill level of your readers, too. Decide if there are ways you can make the recipe easier to follow for beginner cooks. If there's no getting around complicated cooking techniques, write the steps out as clearly as possible. Set out all the ingredients required to make your recipe. You may need to cook the recipe more than once to make tweaks, so make sure you have plenty of each ingredient. Don't forget to measure out the water, ice, and other ingredients you might be inclined to leave out. Get out all the pots, pans, spatulas, whisks, and any other equipment needed to make the dish. If you normally use specialized equipment, like an electric mixer, determine whether people without the equipment can make the recipe by hand. You may want to provide alternate options and ideas to make the recipe as accessible as possible. Imagine that you're making the recipe for the first time, and make the recipe the way you want your readers to make it. Start with the prep work, preheat the oven or stove, and build the recipe using raw ingredients. As you work, pay attention to the measurements and techniques you use, and the order in which you incorporate the ingredients. Take notes on what you're doing. Write down measurements for each ingredient. Describe each step of the process using common cooking and baking terminology. Be sure to record each and every step - you can edit later if you need to. Consider taking photos. Colorful step-by-step photos can draw readers in and provide helpful information on complicated techniques. Try taking pictures of each step as you go, or have someone else take pictures while you work. Even if you don't include step-by-step photos, you may want to have at least one picture of the finished dish.

summary: Visualize your recipe. Gather your ingredients. Gather your supplies. Start cooking.

Summarize the following:
If the attacker is trying to punch you or grab you from the front, put your hands on your forehead in a "Not in the face!" sort of gesture and your arms tight on your body. This may look like a weak defensive position, but that is to your advantage since it brings your opponent's guard down. In addition, this position protects your face and your ribs, two places you'll likely want to protect. Both left-to-right and back-to-front, keep your feet diagonal from each other in a kind of martial-arts stance. This will lessen your likelihood of getting knocked or pushed over. You stand the best chance of winning a fight and getting away if you stay upright. Avoid taking the scuffle to the ground at all costs. Look at their hands. If they were about to attack with their hands, they would have their hands out. However, if they are concealing a weapon, they will have them hidden or at their side. If you're attacked by a person with a knife or a gun, you need to try to avoid confrontation and get away. If it's impossible to avoid a fight, you need to end the confrontation with a high-impact attack as quickly as possible, then run for help. Unless your attacker is making it impossible, trying to get away is the only guarantee of your safety. If you can avoid a fight, avoid it and run away. Remember to never turn your back on an opponent. If you do this the opponent will use this as a chance to attack.
summary: Guard your face. Stand with a wide base. Assess your assailant. Take the defensive posture of running.