Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Ex Input:
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) ranges from fatty liver to inflammation and cirrhosis. miRNA-155 is an important regulator of inflammation. In this study, we describe the in vivo role of miR-155 in ALD.', 'Wild-type (WT) (C57/BL6J) or miR-155 knockout (KO) and TLR4 KO mice received Lieber DeCarli diet for 5weeks. Some mice received corn oil or CCl4 for 2 or 9weeks.', 'We found that miR-155 KO mice are protected from alcohol-induced steatosis and inflammation. The reduction in alcohol-induced fat accumulation in miR-155 KO mice was associated with increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor response element (PPRE) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) (miR-155 target) binding and decreased MCP1 production. Treatment with a miR-155 inhibitor increased PPAR expression in naive and alcohol treated RAW macrophages. Alcohol increased lipid metabolism gene expression (FABP4, LXR, ACC1 and LDLR) in WT mice and this was prevented in KO mice. Alcohol diet caused an increase in the number of CD163(+) CD206(+) infiltrating macrophages and neutrophils in WT mice, which was prevented in miR-155 KO mice. Kupffer cells isolated from miR-155 KO mice exhibited predominance of M2 phenotype when exposed to M1 polarized signals and this was due to increased C/EBP. Pro-fibrotic genes were attenuated in miR-155 KO mice after alcohol diet or CCl4 treatment. Compared to WT mice, attenuation in CCl4 induced hydroxyproline and -SMA was observed in KO mice. Finally, we show TLR4 signaling regulates miR-155 as TLR4 KO mice showed no induction of miR-155 after alcohol diet.

Ex Output:
1

Ex Input:
Follicular variant of papillary thyroid cancer (FVPTC) is the most common and fastest growing subtype of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) with features of both PTC and follicular thyroid cancer (FTC). The purpose of this study was to determine the patient and tumor features associated with lymph node metastases (LNM) in FVPTC.', 'This was a retrospective review of adult (18) patients with histologically confirmed diagnoses of FVPTC within the SEER database between 1988 and 2009. LNM were defined by at least two lymph nodes with metastatic disease. To determine factors associated with LNM, we constructed a multivariate logistic regression model from significant variables (p < 0.05) identified on univariate analysis. Similarly, we used a Cox proportional hazards model to understand the relative importance of LNM in determining disease-specific mortality (DSM).', 'Of the 20,357 cases of FVPTC with lymph node data available, 1,761 (8.7%) had LNM; 61.1% of these LNM were located in the central neck and 38.9% were in the lateral neck. Extrathyroidal extension (odds ratio [OR] 2.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.2-3.0, p < 0.01) and multifocality (OR 3.0, 95% CI 2.5-3.6, p < 0.01) were the strongest predictors of LNM. Importantly, LNM did not independently predict DSM (p = 0.52). Tumor size >4 cm (hazards ratio [HR] 5.3, 95% CI 2.2-12.8, p < 0.01) and extrathyroidal extension (HR 8.2, 95% CI 3.0-22.0, p < 0.01) were the strongest predictors of DSM.

Ex Output:
0

Ex Input:
Renal magnesium (Mg2+) wasting is one of the ciclosporin (CsA) tubular effects. The major site of Mg2+ transport is the thick ascending limb (TAL), where 70% of the ultrafiltrable Mg2+ is reabsorbed paracellularly. Paracellin-1 is a tight junction protein, which regulates the paracellular Mg2+ transport in the TAL. We hypothesize that CsA reduces the expression and function of paracellin-1 and accounts for the observed renal Mg2+ wasting.', 'We established an immortalized cultured cortical TAL (cTAL) cell line from L-PK/Tag1 transgenic mice by microdissection. The cultured cells expressed paracellin-1 and the characteristics of cTAL cells. Real-time PCR and western blotting were used to test the CsA effects on paracellin-1 expression of cultured cTAL cells. Cytosolic-free Mg2+ concentration [Mg2+]i change with time in a single cTAL cell was used as an indicator of transcellular Mg2+ transport and assessed by using fluorescence dye Mag-fura-2 AM. Paracellular Mg2+ transport was measured by cells grown in porous filters.', 'The results showed that CsA significantly reduced paracellin-1 mRNA and protein expression in a dose-dependent manner. CsA (100 ng/ml) incubation for 24 h induced a decrease of paracellin-1 mRNA by 89.4% and paracellin-1 protein by 75.4%. CsA (100 ng/ml) did not change transcellular Mg2+ transport, but paracellular Mg2+ transport was decreased in CsA-treated cTAL cells by 74.4%.

Ex Output:
0