input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: In the case of pure metals, the representative particle is simply the atom. One mole of zinc refers to a mole of Zn atoms. Q: What is the representative particle in pure metals? A:
OPTIONS:
- neutron
- electron
- quark
- the atom
output: the atom

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Sometimes air doesn't mix in the troposphere. This happens when air is cooler close to the ground than it is above. The cool air is dense, so it stays near the ground. This is called a temperature inversion ( Figure below ). An inversion can trap air pollution near the surface. Temperature inversions are more common in the winter. Can you explain why?. Q: In what season are temperature inversions more common? A:

OPTIONS:
- spring
- autumn
- summer
- winter

A: winter

input: OPTIONS:
- southwest and south
- east and west
- west and south
- north and south Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: A magnet is an object that attracts certain materials such as iron. You're probably familiar with common bar magnets, like the one shown in the Figure below . Like all magnets, this bar magnet has north and south magnetic poles . The red end of the magnet is the north pole and the blue end is the south pole. The poles are regions where the magnet is strongest. The poles are called north and south because they always line up with Earth's north-south axis if the magnet is allowed to move freely. (Earth's axis is the imaginary line around which the planet rotates. ). Q: What are the earth's two poles called? A:
A:
output: north and south

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Lakes and Ponds Lakes and ponds can range in area from a few square meters to thousands of square kilometers. Temperature is an important abiotic factor affecting living things found in lakes and ponds. In the summer, thermal stratification of lakes and ponds occurs when the upper layer of water is warmed by the sun and does not mix with deeper, cooler water. Light can penetrate within the photic zone of the lake or pond. Phytoplankton (algae and cyanobacteria) are found here and carry out photosynthesis, providing the base of the food web of lakes and ponds. Zooplankton, such as rotifers and small crustaceans, consume these phytoplankton. At the bottom of lakes and ponds, bacteria in the aphotic zone break down dead organisms that sink to the bottom. Nitrogen and phosphorus are important limiting nutrients in lakes and ponds. Because of this, they are determining factors in the amount of phytoplankton growth in lakes and ponds. When there is a large input of nitrogen and phosphorus (from sewage and runoff from fertilized lawns and farms, for example), the growth of algae skyrockets, resulting in a large accumulation of algae called an algal bloom. Algal blooms (Figure 44.24) can become so extensive that they reduce light penetration in water. As a result, the lake or pond becomes aphotic and photosynthetic plants cannot survive. When the algae die and decompose, severe oxygen depletion of the water occurs. Fishes and other organisms that require oxygen are then more likely to die, and resulting dead zones are found across the globe. Lake Erie and the Gulf of Mexico represent freshwater and marine habitats where phosphorus control and storm water runoff pose significant environmental challenges. Q: At the bottom of lakes and ponds, bacteria in what zone break down dead organisms that sink there? A:

OPTIONS:
- photic
- photoreactive zone
- trophic
- aphotic zone

Answer: aphotic zone

Problem: OPTIONS:
- carbonization
- spongin
- petrification
- permineralization
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Some fossils are created when minerals replace the organic material. This is called permineralization. Q: What is it called when minerals replace the organic material to create fossils? A:
Answer: permineralization

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Mutation Mutations are changes to an organism's DNA and are an important driver of diversity in populations. Species evolve because of the accumulation of mutations that occur over time. The appearance of new mutations is the most common way to introduce novel genotypic and phenotypic variance. Some mutations are unfavorable or harmful and are quickly eliminated from the population by natural selection. Others are beneficial and will spread through the population. Whether or not a mutation is beneficial or harmful is determined by whether it helps an organism survive to sexual maturity and reproduce. Some mutations do not do anything and can linger, unaffected by natural selection, in the genome. Some can have a dramatic effect on a gene and the resulting phenotype. Q: What term is used to describe changes to an organism's dna and are an important driver of diversity in populations? A:

OPTIONS:
- adaptations
- pathogens
- evolutions
- mutations

Answer:
mutations