Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Example Input: To identify a biomarker of ovarian cancer response to chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Study: participants had epithelial ovarian cancer treated with surgery followed by platinum-based chemotherapy. DNA and RNA were isolated from frozen tumors and normal DNA was isolated from matched peripheral blood. A whole-genome loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis was performed using a high-density oligonucleotide array. Candidate genomic areas that predicted enhanced response to chemotherapy were identified with Cox proportional hazards methods. Gene expression analyses were performed through microarray experiments. Candidate genes were tested for independent effects on survival using Cox proportional hazards models, Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and the log-rank test.', 'Using a whole-genome approach to study the molecular determinants of ovarian cancer response to platinum-based chemotherapy, we identified LOH of a 13q region to predict prolonged progression-free survival (PFS; hazard ratio, 0.23; P = .006). ERCC5 was identified as a candidate gene in this region because of its known function in the nucleotide excision repair pathway, the unique DNA repair pathway that removes platinum-DNA adducts. We found LOH of the ERCC5 gene locus and downregulation of ERCC5 gene expression to predict prolonged PFS. Integration of genomic and gene expression data shows a correlation between 13q LOH and ERCC5 gene downregulation.
Example Output: Is eRCC5 a novel biomarker of ovarian cancer prognosis?

Example Input: Autonomic dysfunction has previously been described in primary biliary cirrhosis patients. In nonhepatic diseases, fatigue is associated with autonomic dysfunction and impaired baroreflex sensitivity. Here, we investigate the prevalence of autonomic dysfunction using highly sensitive detection modalities and its relationship with fatigue in both noncirrhotic and cirrhotic primary biliary cirrhosis patients.', 'Autonomic reflex tests were performed, using continuous blood pressure and electrocardiograph measurement in 47 primary biliary cirrhosis patients and age and sex-matched controls. Fatigue was measured using the primary biliary cirrhosis-40.', 'In all, 100% of precirrhotic and 81% of cirrhotic primary biliary cirrhosis patients exhibited autonomic dysfunction. Valsalva ratio and 30 : 15 ratio (measures of parasympathetic autonomic dysfunction) were significantly lower in primary biliary cirrhosis patients than in controls (valsalva ratio: 1.42 vs. 1.57; P=0.01, 30 : 15: 1.1 vs. 1.2; P=0.01). Blood pressure drop on standing (sympathetic autonomic dysfunction) was greater in the primary biliary cirrhosis group (31+/-22 vs. 23+/-15 mmHg; P=0.03). Valsalva phase IV size was similar between primary biliary cirrhosis patients and controls, however, time to phase IV was significantly longer (P=0.01), suggesting adrenergic failure. Increasing fatigue was associated with impaired baroreflex sensitivity and an earlier, bigger phase IV (sympathetic overactivity). No significant differences were seen, between cirrhotic and noncirrhotic patients.
Example Output: Does autonomic dysfunction in primary biliary cirrhosis correlate with fatigue severity?

Example Input: Bacterial vaginosis is a risk factor for preterm birth. The various conventional methods for its diagnosis are laborious and not easily reproducible. Molecular quantification methods have been reported recently, but the specific risk factors they might identify remain unclear.', 'A prospective multicenter national study included pregnant women at risk of preterm birth. A quantitative molecular tool using a specific real-time polymerase chain reaction assay and serial dilutions of a plasmid suspension quantified Atopobium vaginae, Gardnerella vaginalis, lactobacilli, Mycoplasma hominis, and the human albumin gene (for quality control).', 'In 813 pregnancies, high vaginal loads of either or both of A. vaginae and G. vaginalis were associated with preterm birth (hazard ratio [HR], 3.9; 95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.1-14.1; P = .031). A high vaginal load of A. vaginae was significantly associated with shortened time to delivery and therefore pregnancy length. These times were, respectively, 152.2 and 188.2 days (HR, 5.6; 95% CI, 1.5-21.3; P < .001) before 22 weeks, 149.0 and 183.2 days (HR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.1-8.2; P = .048) before 28 weeks, and 132.6 and 170.4 days (HR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1-4.6; P = .033) before 32 weeks. After multivariate analysis, A. vaginae levels 10(8) copies/mL remained significantly associated with delivery before 22 weeks of gestation (adjusted HR, 4.7; 95% CI, .2-17.6; P = .014).
Example Output:
Are high Atopobium vaginae and Gardnerella vaginalis vaginal loads associated with preterm birth?