Make use of the article to answer the questions.

Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. Evolutionary processes give rise to biodiversity at every level of biological organisation, including the levels of species, individual organisms, and molecules.

Repeated formation of new species (speciation), change within species (anagenesis), and loss of species (extinction) throughout the evolutionary history of life on Earth are demonstrated by shared sets of morphological and biochemical traits, including shared DNA sequences. These shared traits are more similar among species that share a more recent common ancestor, and can be used to reconstruct a biological "tree of life" based on evolutionary relationships (phylogenetics), using both existing species and fossils. The fossil record includes a progression from early biogenic graphite, to microbial mat fossils, to fossilised multicellular organisms. Existing patterns of biodiversity have been shaped both by speciation and by extinction.

In the mid-19th century, Charles Darwin formulated the scientific theory of evolution by natural selection, published in his book "On the Origin of Species" (1859). Evolution by natural selection is a process demonstrated by the observation that more offspring are produced than can possibly survive, along with three facts about populations: 1) traits vary among individuals with respect to morphology, physiology, and behaviour (phenotypic variation), 2) different traits confer different rates of survival and reproduction (differential fitness), and 3) traits can be passed from generation to generation (heritability of fitness). Thus, in successive generations members of a population are replaced by progeny of parents better adapted to survive and reproduce in the biophysical environment in which natural selection takes place.

1. Define evolution?
2. Who formulated the theory of evolution?
3. Name his book that he published?
4. what year?
5. Evolutionary processes give rise to what?
6. At what levels?
7. Existing patterns of biodiversity have been shaped by what?
8. Define Evolution by natural selection?
9. Successive generations of populations are replaced by what?
10. Do the DNA sequences have a role in Evolution?

Numbered answers:
1. Change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.
2. Charles Darwin
3. On the Origin of Species
4. 1859
5. Biodiversity
6. species, individual organisms, and molecules.
7. speciation and by extinction.
8. natural selection is a process demonstrated by the observation that more offspring are produced than can possibly survive,
9. Progeny of parents.
10. Yes.