TASK DEFINITION: Given a passage and a query based on the passage, generate an unambiguous, concise and simple answer to the query from information in the passage. Note that the answer may not be present in exact form.
PROBLEM: Testing for the presence of proteins - Biuret test . Show students the available foods for testing. Ask them which ones they expect to contain protein. Demonstrate to students how to perform the test. Put a food item containing protein into a test tubes (i.e. milk or tofu). If it is not a liquid, add some water and mash it well. Also set up a control, a test tube containing a liquid that does not contain protein (i.e. water). Add about 2ml of Biuret reagent to the test tube. 1. If the food to be tested is liquid, go to 2. If the food to be tested is solid, make an extract. Grind crush or chop a small amount and put into a test tube to a depth of about 2cm. Add a similar amount of distilled water and stir with a glass rod. Allow to stand for a few minutes. 2. Draw up some of the clear liquid into a pipette and then First, prepare test solution by grinding vitamin C reagent tablet into a powder using a mortar and pestle or back of a spoon. Pour powder into dropper bottle and add 30ml (1 oz.) of distilled water. If testing more than one liquid, label each test tube with a marker. Fill each with 50 drops of blue vitamin C indicator solution. Nutrient solutions to be tested (made from foods you wish to test for sugar, starch, protein, fat, and vitamin C content). Food Test 1: Sugar test-Benedict's solution Benedict's solution is used to test for simple sugars, such as glucose. Put different food solutions in each cup, e.g. corn starch in water, flour in water, milk, and water. Using the dropper, add a drop or two of the iodine solution to each cup. Place a slice of a potato on a paper towel atop a paper plate and add a drop of the iodine solution to the potato slice. Note the color change. Place foods in separate test tubes. if the food is liquid, pour enough to just cover the bottom of the glass. If the food is solid (e.g., banana, apple, potato chips), crush a small amount and add. enough water to cover the bottom of the tube. Iodine test for starch the most followed method to analyze the presence of starch in the given food material. When iodine solution is mixed with starch it turns from brown to dark blue. As this happens with very small amounts of starch, iodine test is a sensitive one. Testing for starch. Glucose is sweet and dissolves in water while starch is not sweet and does not dissolve well in water. A further test to distinguish starch from glucose is to shine a beam of light through 'solutions' of each. This is also called the Tyndall Beam Effect. Dispersal only happens in starch as the large starch molecules are big enough to affect the light. This is a physical test. A chemical test for starch is to add iodine solution (red) and see if it turns blue/black in colour. It is possible to distinguish starch from other carbohydrates using this iodine solution test. For example, if iodine is added to an peeled potato then it will turn black. You could demonstrate the effect of iodine solution on starch by adding a few drops of solution to a starch powder or starch suspension in a boiling tube. You can then discuss the fact that this colour change might be hard to see in a dark green leaf until the chlorophyll is removed. The iodine turned from a red/yellow colour to a blue-black colour. The iodine turned from a red/yellow colour in certain places to a blue-black colour, where starch is stored. The iodine turned from a red/yellow colour to a blue-black colour. Query: how do you test for starch in a food

SOLUTION: Put different food solutions in each cup, e.g. corn starch in water, flour in water, milk, and water. Using the dropper, add a drop or two of the iodine solution to each cup. Place a slice of a potato on a paper towel atop a paper plate and add a drop of the iodine solution to the potato slice. Note the color change.

PROBLEM: Use the applicator brush attached to the bottle cap to apply ciclopirox topical solution evenly to all affected nails. Also apply the solution to the underside of the nail and the skin beneath it if you can reach these areas. Wipe off the bottle cap and neck and replace the cap tightly on the bottle. The following symptoms are uncommon, but if you experience any of them, call your doctor immediately: 1 irritation, itching, burning, blistering, swelling, or oozing at the place where you applied ciclopirox. 2 pain at the affected nail(s) or surrounding area. 3 discoloration or change in shape of nail(s) 4 ingrown nail(s) How does this medication work? What will it do for me? Ciclopirox belongs to the group of medications known as antifungals. It works by preventing certain types of fungus from growing and reproducing. The cream and lotion form of this medication are used to treat certain types of fungal infections of the skin. It is usually applied once a day. To help you remember to use ciclopirox, apply it around the same time every day, usually at bedtime. Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Use ciclopirox exactly as directed. Do not use more or less of it or use it more often than prescribed by your doctor. Ciclopirox is used to improve the condition of nails, but may not completely cure nail fungus. It may take 6 months or longer before you notice that your nails are getting better. Continue to use ciclopirox daily as directed. Do not stop using ciclopirox without talking to your doctor. Ciclopirox topical solution will work best if you trim your nails regularly during your treatment. You should remove all loose nail or nail material using a nail clipper or nail file before you begin treatment and every week during your treatment. Your doctor will show you how to do this. Depending on your specific circumstances, your doctor may want you to: 1 stop taking one of the medications, 2 change one of the medications to another, 3 change how you are taking one or both of the medications, or. 4 leave everything as is. Apo-Ciclopirox: Ciclopirox belongs to the group of medications known as antifungals. It works by preventing certain types of fungus from growing and reproducing. The cream and lotion form of this medication are used to treat certain types of fungal infections of the skin. Ciclopirox (Penlac is the brand name) is a topical nail polish used for the treatment of mild to moderate nail fungus. It just doesn't work very well resulting in cure only 7% of the time. Medicated chest rub (Vicks VapoRub) has some data looking at its effectiveness. Do not use nail polish or other nail cosmetic products on nails treated with ciclopirox topical solution. Do not take a bath, shower, or swim for at least 8 hours after applying ciclopirox topical solution. Ciclopirox topical solution may catch fire. Do not use this medication near heat or an open flame, such as a cigarette. Do not use this medication in the eyes or in the vagina. Store the cream or lotion at room temperature and keep it out of the reach of children. Shampoo: Ciclopirox shampoo is generally used 2 or 3 times a week, or as often as recommended by your doctor. Wet hair and apply enough shampoo to work up an abundant lather. Massage the scalp with your fingertips for 2 to 3 minutes, then rinse the hair well. Repeat lathering and rinsing. To use ciclopirox topical solution, follow these steps: 1 Be sure that you have trimmed your nails properly before your first treatment. 2 Use the applicator brush attached to the bottle cap to apply ciclopirox topical solution evenly to all affected nails. more information... Query: how does ciclopirox work

SOLUTION: Ciclopirox belongs to the group of medications known as antifungals. It works by preventing certain types of fungus from growing and reproducing. The cream and lotion form of this medication are used to treat certain types of fungal infections of the skin.

PROBLEM: An electrochemical cell consists of two half-cells. Each half-cell consists of an electrode and an electrolyte. The two half-cells may use the same electrolyte, or they may use different electrolytes. Atomic animation and description of what happens in an electrochemical Cu-Zn cell Atomic animation and description of what happens in an electrochemical Cu-Zn cell Skip navigation The electrochemical cells work through the electron flow because of the difference in the voltage of the half-cell reactions. The salt bridge completes the circuit through the flow of ions. The electrochemical cells work through the electron flow because of the difference in the voltage of the half-cell reactions. The salt bridge completes the circuit through the flow of ions. Since the direction is reversed of the voltaic cell, the E 0 cell for electrolytic cell is negative. Also, in order to force the electrons to flow in the opposite direction, the electromotive force that connects the two electrode-the battery must be larger than the magnitude of E 0 cell. Electrochemical Sensors T he oldest electrochemical sensors date back to the 1950s and were used for oxygen monitoring. More recently, as the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) began requiring the monitoring of toxic and combustible gases in confined space applications, new and better electrochemical sensors have been developed. An important consideration is that fuel cell oxygen sensors are used up over time. In the cell reaction above, when. all available surface area of the lead (Pb) anode has been converted to lead oxide (PbO), electrochemical activity. ceases, current output falls to zero, and the sensor must be rebuilt or replaced. Fuel cell sensors are designed to. last no more than one to two years. A look at the science behind batteries, including the parts of a battery and how these parts work together to produce an electric current that can be carried in your pocket. A look at the science behind batteries, including the parts of a battery and how these parts work together to produce an electric current that can be carried in your pocket. News Tech A spontaneous electrochemical reaction (change in Gibbs free energy less than zero) can be used to generate an electric current in electrochemical cells. This is the basis of all batteries and fuel cells. The batteries in a flashlight typically have a voltage of 1.5 volts. However, if a flashlight uses two batteries in a series, these batteries, or cells, have a combined voltage of 3 volts. Lead-acid batteries, like the ones used in most nonelectric cars, usually have a voltage of 2.0 volts. Lots of things have an electrochemical cell in them. That electrochemical cell is a battery. You cell phone has at least two of them. There is a small one that keeps alive m emory if you remove the primary battery. A flashlight has a cell or cells in it. We could go on all day. Motor vehicles have a battery, which is a collection of electrochemical cells.. Query: how does an electrochemical cell work

SOLUTION:
The electrochemical cells work through the electron flow because of the difference in the voltage of the half-cell reactions.