instruction:
In this task, you are given a set of context paragraph and some supporting facts to answer a question. Your task is to generate answer for given question based on set of context paragraphs and supporting facts.
question:
Context_1 : The Union of Evangelical Congregational Churches in Brazil is an association of churches of Congregational origin in Brazil. It was founded by a couple namely Robert Reid Kalley and Sarah Poulton Kalley, who arrived in Rio de Janeiro in May 1855 to begin mission work. The work developed. The first believer was baptised in November, 1857. In 1858 the first church was organised. The evangelists and the Kalley's work spread to the North-eastern part of Brasil, specially in Recife and Pernambuco state. Robert and Sarah Kalley returned to Scotland in 1876. In 1913 thirteen church formed the United Independent Evangelical Churches. Robert died in 1888 but Sarah continued to raise funds for Brazil. She died in 1907. In 1942 Congregational churches united to form the Evangelical Christian Churches in Brazil. Later it become the Union of Evangelical Congregational Churches in Brazil. Context_2 : Needed Truth is a Christian, Plymouth Brethren magazine that first appeared in 1888 in Scotland. The magazine discussed whether reception was to the Lord's Table, or if reception was to the assembly itself. This distinction had implications whether a believer from other evangelical churches could occasionally meet with the saints in a New Testament assembly. The publication of the magazine crystallised the two sides of the argument to such an extent that within five years they ceased to be in intercommunion. Context_3 : Medieval women's mysticism was "a succession of insights and revelations about God that gradually transformed the recipient" according to historian Elizabeth Petroff of Oxford University in her 1994 book, "Body and Soul." The word "mysticism" has its origin in ancient Greece where individuals called the "mystae" participated in mystery religions. The life of a medieval woman mystic was spent seeking unity with God in a series of stages. The mystical life of a medieval woman began with a purge of the spirit in which she released herself from earthly indulgences and attachments. In a state of contrition the medieval woman mystic faced suffering because of her past sins, and the mercy of God was revealed to her through penitence. Mystics sought to imitate the suffering of Christ in order to gain an understanding through experience. During the compassion stage of suffering, the pain experienced by the medieval woman mystic "revealed the believer's love of Christ, fostered unity with Christ and the world, and began to draw the believer beyond the physical Jesus who suffered on the Cross to understand the immensity of the love that motivated Christ in the world to suffer on humanity's behalf". Medieval women mystics experienced visions during what medieval historians refer to as the Illuminative stage of their lives that contained instructions from God and would communicate their revelations in written form. Context_4 : Inclusivism, one of several approaches to understanding the relationship between religions, asserts that while one set of beliefs is absolutely true, other sets of beliefs are at least partially true. It stands in contrast to exclusivism, which asserts that only one way is true and all others are in error. It is a particular form of religious pluralism, though that term may also assert that all beliefs are equally valid within a believer's particular context. Context_5 : Silence ( , "Chinmoku" ) is a 1966 novel of historical fiction by Japanese author Shusaku Endo, published in English by Peter Owen Publishers. It is the story of a Jesuit missionary sent to 17th century Japan, who endures persecution in the time of Kakure Kirishitan ("Hidden Christians") that followed the defeat of the Shimabara Rebellion. The recipient of the 1966 Tanizaki Prize, it has been called "Endo's supreme achievement" and "one of the twentieth century's finest novels". Written partly in the form of a letter by its central character, the theme of a silent God who accompanies a believer in adversity was greatly influenced by the Catholic Endo's experience of religious discrimination in Japan, racism in France, and a debilitating bout with tuberculosis. Context_6 : Nevin is a surname of Irish (Gallowglass) origin. Two etymologies are given. It may originate from Cnamhin, derived from Cnamh, "a bone", possibly a nickname in reference to the first chief of the clan who was a bony or large-boned man. Secondly, it may be an Anglicisation of the Irish Gaelic form MacCnaimhin / O Cnaimhin / MacCnaomhin / O Cnaomhin or Ni Chnaimhin / Ni Chnaomhin (female), meaning "Little Saint" or "Saintly" / "Believer in Saints" / "Religious". Context_7 : The Believer is a bi-monthly magazine of interviews, essays, and reviews. Founded by the writers Heidi Julavits, Vendela Vida, and Ed Park in 2003, the magazine is a five-time finalist for the National Magazine Award, with contributors ranging from literary luminaries such as Hilton Als, Anne Carson, Nick Hornby, Susan Straight, and William T. Vollmann to emerging talents for whom the magazine has been a proving ground, including Eula Biss, Gideon Lewis-Kraus, Leslie Jamison, Rachel Kaadzi Ghansah, Kent Russell, and Rivka Galchen. Context_8 : Edmond Edouard Ernest Victor Toupet des Vignes (5 September 1816 21 June 1882) was a French politician who sat in the legislature during the French Second Republic and the French Third Republic, and then became a senator. He was a firm believer in the republican form of government, and sat with the center left, but on topics such as religion held conservative views. Context_9 : Baba Faqir Chand, (18 November 1886 11 September 1981) was an Indian master of Surat Shabd Yoga, or consciously controlled near death experience. He was one of the first saints or gurus of Sant Mat tradition to openly speak and write against the deceptive and harmful practices of modern guruism and religious intolerance. As a highly pragmatic individual, Faqir also strove to explain the various practices and principles of Sant Mat based on his own experiences and in the context of modern science and psychology. He was also the first Sant Mat guru to talk about the phenomena consisting of a believer experiencing a subjective projection of a sacred or holy form of a guru or idol without the conscious knowledge of the person at the center of the experience, i.e., the guru. This was termed the 'Chandian Effect', and described by researcher David C. Lane. Faqir Chand claimed that he had no knowledge of his form manifesting before a person and helping them with their worldly or spiritual problems. He fervently expressed that in his experience, the real helper is one's own true self and faith.Mark Juergensmeyer, another researcher on new religious movements (including Radha Soami Mat), intrigued by the uniqueness of Faqir Chand's experiences, also interviewed him. This insightful interview was included in Faqir's autobiography. Context_10 : YM was an American teen magazine that began in 1932. The magazine ceased publication in 2004. fact_1 : YM was an American teen magazine that began in 1932. fact_2 : The Believer is a bi-monthly magazine of interviews, essays, and reviews. Question: YM and The Believer, are which form of publication?
answer:
magazine

question:
Context_1 : Shattered is a 1991 American neo-noir/psychological thriller starring Tom Berenger, Greta Scacchi, Bob Hoskins, Joanne Whalley and Corbin Bernsen. It was directed and written for the screen by Wolfgang Petersen, based on the novel by Richard Neely. Context_2 : The Traveler is a 2010 horror film directed by Michael Oblowitz, written by Joseph C. Muscat, and starring Val Kilmer and Dylan Neal. Kilmer plays a stranger who walks into a small town's police station, confesses to murder, and is interrogated by detective Alexander Black (Neal). Context_3 : Joanne Whalley (born 25 August 1964) is an English actress who began her career in 1974. She has since amassed numerous credits, primarily on television, but also in nearly 30 feature films, including "Dance with a Stranger" (1985), "Willow" (1988), "Scandal" (1989), "The Secret Rapture" (1993) and "Mother's Boys" (1994). Following her marriage to Val Kilmer in 1988, she was credited as Joanne Whalley-Kilmer until their divorce in 1996. Context_4 : Top Gun is a 1986 American romantic military action drama film directed by Tony Scott, and produced by Don Simpson and Jerry Bruckheimer, in association with Paramount Pictures. The screenplay was written by Jim Cash and Jack Epps, Jr., and was inspired by an article titled "Top Guns" published in "California" magazine three years earlier. The film stars Tom Cruise, Kelly McGillis, Val Kilmer, Anthony Edwards, and Tom Skerritt. Cruise plays Lieutenant Pete "Maverick" Mitchell, a young Naval aviator aboard the aircraft carrier USS"Enterprise" . He and his Radar Intercept Officer (RIO) Nick "Goose" Bradshaw (Edwards) are given the chance to train at the Navy's Fighter Weapons School at the former Naval Air Station (NAS) Miramar in San Diego. Context_5 : Heat is a 1995 American crime film written, produced and directed by Michael Mann, and starring Robert De Niro, Al Pacino, and Val Kilmer. De Niro plays Neil McCauley, a professional thief, while Pacino plays Lt. Vincent Hanna, a LAPD robbery-homicide detective tracking down McCauley's crew. The story is based on the former Chicago police officer Chuck Adamson's pursuit during the 1960s of a criminal named McCauley, after whom De Niro's character is named. Heat is a remake by Mann of a TV series he had worked on, the pilot of which was released as a TV movie, "L.A. Takedown" in 1989. Context_6 : Palo Alto is a 2013 American drama film written and directed by Gia Coppola, based on James Franco's short story collection "Palo Alto" (2010). Franco stars, along with Emma Roberts, Jack Kilmer, Nat Wolff and Zoe Levin. Jack Kilmer's father, Val Kilmer, also appears briefly in the film as Stewart, Emma Roberts' stepdad. Context_7 : The Fourth Dimension is a 2012 independent film composed of three segments all created by different directors. In 2013 VICE Films worked with Grolsch Films Works to produce the film, which starred Val Kilmer and Rachel Korine. Context_8 : Wonderland is a 2003 American crime drama film, co-written and directed by James Cox and based on the real-life Wonderland Murders that occurred in 1981. The film stars Val Kilmer, Kate Bosworth, Dylan McDermott, Carrie Fisher, Lisa Kudrow, Josh Lucas, Christina Applegate, Tim Blake Nelson, and Janeane Garofalo. Kilmer plays the role of John Holmes, a pornographic film star and suspected accomplice in four grisly murders committed in an apartment on Wonderland Avenue, in the Laurel Canyon section of Los Angeles. Mr. Holmes was famous for playing the role of "Johnny Wadd" in a related series of pornographic adult films. Context_9 : MacGruber is a 2010 American action comedy film based on the "Saturday Night Live" sketch of the same name, itself a parody of action-adventure television series "MacGyver". Jorma Taccone of the comedy trio The Lonely Island directed the film, which stars Will Forte in the title role; Kristen Wiig as his love interest/partner, Vicki St. Elmo; Ryan Phillippe as Dixon Piper, a young lieutenant who becomes part of MacGruber's team; Maya Rudolph as MacGruber's dead wife, Casey; and Val Kilmer as the villain, Dieter von Cunth. Context_10 : The fictional superhero Batman, who appears in American comic books published by DC Comics, has appeared in various films since his inception. Created by Bob Kane and Bill Finger, the character first starred in two serial films in the 1940s, "Batman" and "Batman and Robin". The character also appeared in the 1966 film "Batman", which was a feature film adaptation of the 1960s "Batman" TV series starring Adam West and Burt Ward, who also starred in the film. Toward the end of the 1980s, the Warner Bros. studio began producing a series of feature films starring Batman, beginning with the 1989 film "Batman", directed by Tim Burton and starring Michael Keaton. Burton and Keaton returned for the 1992 sequel "Batman Returns", and in 1995, Joel Schumacher directed "Batman Forever" with Val Kilmer as Batman. Schumacher also directed the 1997 sequel "Batman & Robin", which starred George Clooney. "Batman & Robin" was poorly received by both critics and fans, leading to the cancellation of "Batman Unchained". fact_1 : Shattered is a 1991 American neo-noir/psychological thriller starring Tom Berenger, Greta Scacchi, Bob Hoskins, Joanne Whalley and Corbin Bernsen. fact_2 : It was directed and written for the screen by Wolfgang Petersen, based on the novel by Richard Neely. fact_3 : Following her marriage to Val Kilmer in 1988, she was credited as Joanne Whalley-Kilmer until their divorce in 1996. Question: Who directed the film that starred Val Kilmer's former wife?
answer:
Wolfgang Petersen

question:
Context_1 : Laskovyi Mai (may be spelled also as "Laskovyy May", "Laskovy May", "Laskovy Mai", "Laskoviy May"; Russian: ) was a Soviet boy band from Moscow founded by Russian songwriter, composer and musician Sergei Kuznetsov. The group's best-known member was Yuri Shatunov, who has subsequently went on to some solo success. The group disbanded in 1992. Laskovyi Mai once had been called "the legends of the 8090s". Context_2 : Japanese traditional dance has a long history, the oldest known ones may be among those transmitted through the "kagura" tradition, or folk dances relating to food producing activities such as planting rice ("dengaku") and fishing, including rain dances. There are large number of these traditional dances, which are often subfixed -"odori", -"asobi", and -"mai", and may be specific to a region or village. "Mai" and "Odori" are the two main groups of Japanese dances, and the term "Buyo" () was coined in modern times as a general term for "dance", by combining "mai" (, which can also be pronounced "bu") and "odori" (, can also be pronounced "yo"). Context_3 : Bhai Dayala Das was born at Alipur Raj, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan in 1642, in the house of Bhai Mai Das. Bhai Mai Das was a rich Banjara trader and was the owner of Bhangeshwari Tanda, which was doing business from central Asia to Indian Sub-Continent. Bhai Lakhi Rai Banjara and Bhai Mai Das was close relatives and was also business partners and was transporting the goods throughout the Asia. The good coordination between the two tandas not only made Banjaras a very rich community, but also these tandas were spreading the Sikhism to far flung areas in the country. The family of Bhai Mai Das had been closely associated with Guru Nanak Sahib and later Bhai Mai Das was associated with Guru Arjun Sahib. Bhai Mai Das was not only a good business man but was also a great Sikh. In order to bring affluency among the Sikhs and to increase the entrepreneurship qualities among the Sikhs, Guru Arjun Sahib established 52 Kitas (Bazaar) at Amritsar and Bhai Mai Das played a significant role in establishing these trading center at Guru-da-Chhak (Amritsar). Bhai Dayala Das along with his two brothers Bhai Jetha Ji and Bhai Mani Ram Ji, met Guru Har Rai Sahib and became 100% devoted to Sikhism. Bhai Dayala Das also remained close associate of Guru Har Krishan Sahib and after the death of 8th Guru, he immediately joined the 9th Sikh Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji and remained with him till the last brother. Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji sat on the seat of Guru Nanak in 1664 and thereafter he was twice arrested by the Mughals, however after the intervention of Mirza Raja Ram Singh was released by the imperial army. In 1666 Bhai Dayala Das along with Bhai Mati Das and Bhai Sati Das became the companions of Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji during his tour to east Indian. Guru Sahib from Monghyr wrote a letter to the Sikhs, stating that it is time for the congregation to serve the Guru. He added: Context_4 : Mai Thuc Loan (or Mai Huyen Thanh (), titled Mai Hac e (, literally "Mai the Black Emperor"), was the Vietnamese leader of the 722 uprising against the rule of the Tang dynasty in the region of Hoan and Ai provinces (now Thanh Hoa and Nghe An of Vietnam). Regarded as one of the major rebellions of Vietnamese people during the Third Chinese domination, the uprising of Mai Thuc Loan succeeded in capturing the capital Tong Binh (now Hanoi) of the Tang protectorate and Mai Thuc Loan thus became Mai Hac e, the emperor of the independent region for a short time before being put down by the military campaign after the order of the Emperor Xuanzong of Tang. Today Mai Thuc Loan is praised as one of the early national heroes in the history of Vietnam who contributed for the struggle for independence of the country. Context_5 : Bhai Dayala Das was born at Alipur Raj, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan in 1642, in the house of Bhai Mai Das. Bhai Mai Das was a rich Banjara trader and was the owner of Bhangeshwari Tanda, which was doing business from central Asia to Indian Sub-Continent. Bhai Lakhi Rai Banjara and Bhai Mai Das was close relatives and was also business partners and was transporting the goods throughout the Asia. The good coordination between the two tandas not only made Banjaras a very rich community, but also these tandas were spreading the Sikhism to far flung areas in the country. The family of Bhai Mai Das had been closely associated with Guru Nanak Sahib and later Bhai Mai Das was associated with Guru Arjun Sahib. Bhai Mai Das was not only a good business man but was also a great Sikh. In order to bring affluency among the Sikhs and to increase the entrepreneurship qualities among the Sikhs, Guru Arjun Sahib established 52 Kitas (Bazaar) at Amritsar and Bhai Mai Das played a significant role in establishing these trading center at Guru-da-Chhak (Amritsar). Bhai Dayala Das along with his two brothers Bhai Jetha Ji and Bhai Mani Ram Ji, met Guru Har Rai Sahib and became 100% devoted to Sikhism. Bhai Dayala Das also remained close associate of Guru Har Krishan Sahib and after the death of 8th Guru, he immediately joined the 9th Sikh Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji and remained with him till the last brother. Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji sat on the seat of Guru Nanak in 1664 and thereafter he was twice arrested by the Mughals, however after the intervention of Mirza Raja Ram Singh was released by the imperial army. In 1666 Bhai Dayala Das along with Bhai Mati Das and Bhai Sati Das became the companions of Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji during his tour to east Indian. Guru Sahib from Monghyr wrote a letter to the Sikhs, stating that it is time for the congregation to serve the Guru. He added: Context_6 : This is a list of girl groups of all musical genres. Girl groups are musical groups that only contain women members, who only sing and do not play any musical instruments. Note that this is distinct from all-female bands, wherein the members themselves do perform the instrumental components of the music (see List of all-female bands). This is not a list of solo female musicians or singers. Context_7 : Vladimir Vyacheslavovich Shurochkin (Russian: ; born April 12, 1966, Moscow) is a Soviet and Russian singer, musician, one of the former lead singer of Laskovyi Mai. Father and producer of pop stars Nyusha and competitor in synchronized swimming Maria Shurochkina. Context_8 : This article contains the list of some of the past, present and forthcoming musical groups that are based in Pakistan. This list includes musical groups that based their music on pop, rock, jazz, traditional and classical genres and Pakistani folk music. Context_9 : Andrei Vladimirovich Razin (Russian: ; born 23 October 1973), is a Russian former professional ice hockey player. Razin was selected by the Philadelphia Flyers in the 6th round (177th overall) of the 2001 NHL Entry Draft. Context_10 : Andrei Aleksandrovich Razin (Russian: ; born September 15, 1963, Sochi, RSFSR, USSR) is Soviet and Russian musician, producer group "Laskovyi Mai". fact_1 : Andrei Aleksandrovich Razin (Russian: ; born September 15, 1963, Sochi, RSFSR, USSR) is Soviet and Russian musician, producer group "Laskovyi Mai". fact_2 : Laskovyi Mai (may be spelled also as "Laskovyy May", "Laskovy May", "Laskovy Mai", "Laskoviy May"; Russian: ) was a Soviet boy band from Moscow founded by Russian songwriter, composer and musician Sergei Kuznetsov. Question: Andrei Razin and Laskovyi Mai are both musical groups from which country?
answer:
Russian