Q: All of these elements are required in every use case. Use cases accumulate scenarios. They define how a user uses a system, what happens when the system succeeds, and what happens when it fails. Each scenario describes a procedure and what happens as each step progresses. Users are all of the people who will engage in the activities described in the use case. For example, if you are writing a use case for logging into a software system, the users would be anyone who must log in. Preconditions are those elements that must be in place prior to the start of the use case. For example, users with permission to use the system have been identified and entered into the system ahead of time, so the system will recognize their usernames and passwords when entered. The basic flow is the procedure the users use to achieve the primary goal of the system and how the system responds to their actions. For example, the user inputs a username and a password, and the system allows the user in. Alternate flows explain less common actions. For example, the user is on a different computer and must answer a security question. Exception flows detail what happens when the user cannot achieve the goal. For example, the user inputs an invalid user name or password. Post conditions are those elements that must be present when the use case is completed. For example, the user can proceed to use the software. Each thing the user does becomes a separate use case. The scope of a use case is narrow. For example, if a company is implementing new software to create purchase orders, you could write several use cases about this. One use case might be about how users log in to the system. Another might be about how to run requisition reports. List all of the functions of the new technology or business process you are analyzing, and write a use case for each one. Outline everything the user does and how the technology or process responds to those actions. In a use case about how users log into a software system, the normal course of events would state that the user enters a username and password. The software responds by verifying the user and either granting or denying access to the system. Alternate flows and exception flows are written to describe the actions when there are obstacles to the goal. If the user is denied access because the system didn't recognize her computer, she may be prompted to verify her identity by answering a security question. If the user inputs an invalid username or password, she may be prompted to answer a security question and enter an e-mail address to receive new log in information. Write use cases for all of the other functions of the software or business process. Identify the users for each function, and write the steps for the normal course of events. Explain contingencies for when the goal cannot be achieved. For each step, explain how the system responds to the actions of the user.
A: Define the elements of the use case. Define how the user will use the technology or process. Describe the normal course of events for each use case. Repeat the steps for all other functions and users.

Q: Finding an ethical, reputable breeder is very important to ensure the health of your new pup. If you contact the breeder, but they are coy about letting you see where the puppies were born and the conditions they are currently living in, this is a possible sign they are running a dirty breeding business or a puppy mill. Create a list of questions to ask during your visit to the breeder, including: How long have you been a dog breeder? How many types of dogs do you breed at one time? How often do you clean, feed, and play with the dogs? Are you a registered dog breeder? Can you show me proof of the dogs' physical health from a licensed veterinarian? Can I meet the pup's mother or parents? Can you provide references from other individuals or families who have purchased dogs from you before? Can you tell me about any potential genetic issues or problems with the types of dogs you breed? Can I return for multiple visits with my family before making a purchase? The breeder should be willing to show you the areas where the pups and the parents of the pups live. The living areas for the dogs should be clean, spacious and well maintained. The dogs should be kept in roomy spaces that meet the needs of their particular breed. For example, most small breeds will be housed inside in the home, while sporting breeds will have plenty of outdoor space for exercise. The dogs should be lively, clean, healthy, and not shy in front of visitors. But they should also not be aggressive towards you. Note if the breeder is meeting the psychological and physical needs of their dogs by providing toys, exercise, and social interaction. If the breeder is stand offish or cold towards the dogs, this is likely a bad sign. The puppies should also be raised in the breeder's home, and the breeder should demonstrate care and attention to the puppies. A reputable breeder will likely not have a constant supply of puppies, as this would indicate a puppy mill and possibly bad treatment of the animals. They may keep a list of interested buyers for the next available litter and they should be willing to refer you to other responsible breeders or breed clubs if they do not have puppies available. A good breeder should know their breed's history and health inside and out. It's difficult for one person to develop strong expertise about many breeds, so a good breeder will usually specialize in a single breed or maybe two. If the breeder advertises ten varieties of dog and all their mixes, they likely are not very reputable. A good breeder will offer to introduce you to the pup's parents during your visit and be comfortable with letting you interact with the parents and the puppy. The breeder should also encourage several visits so you can take your time deciding on if the puppy is right for you, and should not mind if you ask to bring your family with you to meet the puppy. Pregnancy, whelping and nursing puppies can be taxing on the mother dog's body, so a good breeder will limit the number of times they breed a bitch. Many breeders will only breed a female two or three times in the course of her life.
A: Ask to meet the breeder in person at their facility and be prepared with a list of questions. Check the conditions of the breeding facility. Pay attention to the attitude and demeanor of the breeder's dogs. Check that the breeder only breeds one or two breeds. Wait to see if the breeder encourages you to interact with the puppy's parents. Ask the breeder about how they treat the mothers or bitches.

Q: Take a large pot and place a piece of cheese cloth or an old cloth on the bottom of the pan. Set your jar on top of this. Fill your pot with about 2 to 3 inches of water, making sure not to cover the jar. Place the water on the stove. Allow the water to warm up over low heat. Do not allow the water to boil. You just want the water to get warm. Keep the water temperature warm by leaving your pot on the heat. Allow the pot to sit for three to four hours. On occasion, remove the jar from the water and shake it to mix it. After the first three to four hours have passed, remove the pot from the heat. Cover the pot and jar with a cloth and allow it to sit covered for an addition one to three hours. Again, warm the jar in water over low heat. Allow it to sit for three to four hours, shaking the jar on occasion. After repeating the process, remove the pot from the heat. Cover your jar and pot and allow it to sit overnight. Place your pot and jar out of reach of children and pets. You do not want it disturbed overnight. Every day for three days, repeat the same process. Warm your water over low heat and allow the jar to sit in it. Shake it on occasion to mix the ingredients. Set it off the heat, covered, for one to three hours. Repeat the warning process once and let the jar and pot sit covered overnight. After three days have passed, the solid parts of the pine pitch will settle on the bottom of the jar. At this point, you can add beeswax to the mixture. Just pour it on top of the mixture and then heat everything up together. You should add one to two ounces of beeswax for every eight ounces of oil you used. Melt the beeswax into the oil by placing the jar in warm water again. Once melted, you can remove your salve from the heat and store it in tins and jars in a cool, dry part of your home.
A:
Assemble your jar in a pot. Warm the water. Leave the jar in the water for three to four hours. Remove the jar from the heat. Repeat the warming process. Repeat the process for three days. Add beeswax.