In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.

Ex Input:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Missile Defense Defend and Deter Act
of 2016''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

Congress makes the following findings:
(1) It is in the highest strategic interest of the United
States to field a fully operational missile defense system to
defend against threats from intercontinental ballistic missiles
(ICBMs) of rogue nations, including North Korea and Iran.
(2) In the past year, the Democratic People's Republic of
Korea tested a nuclear weapon and an intercontinental ballistic
missile and has made claims that it now possesses the ability
to miniaturize a nuclear warhead.
(3) The ground-based midcourse defense (GMD) element of the
ballistic missile defense system (BMDS) is one of the most
critical capabilities needed to defend the United States
against threats from intercontinental ballistic missiles,
conventional and nuclear.
(4) The test program of the Missile Defense Agency provides
vital data to demonstrate the operational effectiveness,
suitability, and survivability of the ballistic missile defense
system, and it contributes to United States nonproliferation
goals by sending a very credible message to the international
community on the ability of the United States to defeat
ballistic missiles in flight, thus reducing their value to
potential adversaries.

SEC. 3. REQUIRED TESTING BY MISSILE DEFENSE AGENCY OF GROUND-BASED
MIDCOURSE DEFENSE ELEMENT OF BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE
SYSTEM.

(a) Testing Required.--Except as provided in subsection (c), not
less frequently than once each fiscal year, the Director of the Missile
Defense Agency shall administer an intercept flight test of the ground-
based midcourse defense element of the ballistic missile defense
system.
(b) Requirements.--The Director shall ensure that each test carried
out under subsection (a) provides, when possible, for one or more of
the following:
(1) Validation of the operational effectiveness of the
ground-based midcourse defense element of the ballistic missile
defense system.
(2) Use of assets in their operational configuration
against an inventory of targets to assess all aspects of
ground-based midcourse defense elements of the ballistic
missile defense system performance in a variety of flight test
regimes.
(3) Use of operational doctrine and real-world constraints.
(4) Evaluation of new concepts of operations and exercising
tactics, techniques, and procedures.
(5) Mechanisms to assure the confidence of members of the
Armed Forces in the basic design of the ground-based midcourse
defense element of the ballistic missile defense system, its
hit-to-kill effectiveness, and its inherent operational
capability.
(c) Exceptions.--
(1) Nonintercept test.--The Director may forgo a test under
subsection (a) in a fiscal year if the Secretary of Defense, in
consultation with the Director, determines that conducting the
test would--
(A) jeopardize national security;
(B) not be successful due to specific ground-based
midcourse defense components needing a nonintercept
test; and
(C) likely lead to failure due to impractical time
considerations.
(2) Funding.--The Director may forgo a test under
subsection (a) in a fiscal year if the Secretary of Defense, in
consultation with the Director, determines that the test is not
sufficiently funded.
(3) National security waiver.--
(A) In general.--The Director may forgo a test
under subsection (a) in a fiscal year if the Secretary
of Defense, in consultation with the Director of the
Missile Defense Agency, Director of National
Intelligence, and the Commander of United States
Northern Command (NORTHCOM), determines that the
provision of testing as described in that subsection is
detrimental to the national security interests of the
United States.
(B) Notice required.--
(i) In general.--Not later than 30 days
after forgoing a test pursuant to subparagraph
(A), the Secretary shall submit to the
congressional defense committees notice
regarding the foregone test.
(ii) Elements.--Notice submitted under
clause (i) shall include the following:
(I) The rationale for forgoing the
test.
(II) The national security
interests of the United States
preventing the test.
(III) A plan to complete the
intercept test in the following fiscal
year, which does not affect testing in
following fiscal years.
(iii) Form.--Each notice under clause (ii)
shall be submitted in an unclassified form, but
may include a classified annex.
(d) Congressional Defense Committees Defined.--In this section, the
term ''congressional defense committees'' has the meaning given that
term in section 101(a)(16) of title 10, United States Code.

Ex Output:
Missile Defense Defend and Deter Act of 2016 This bill requires the Department of Defense (DOD) Missile Defense Agency to administer an intercept flight test of the ground-based midcourse defense element of the ballistic missile defense system at least once each fiscal year. Each test shall provide for: validation of the defense element's operational effectiveness; use of assets in their operational configuration against an inventory of targets to assess performance in a variety of flight test regimes; use of operational doctrine and real-world constraints; evaluation of new concepts of operations, tactics, and techniques; and mechanisms to assure the confidence of members of the Armed Forces in the basic design of the ground-based midcourse defense element, its hit-to-kill effectiveness, and its operational capability. The Agency may forgo a test if: it would jeopardize national security, not be successful due to specific ground-based midcourse defense components needing a non-intercept test, and likely fail due to impractical time considerations; or funding is insufficient. The Agency also may forgo a test if DOD determines that the testing is detrimental to U.S. national security interests and provides notice to Congress.

Ex Input:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Drug Use Prevention Act of 1997''.

SEC. 2. DEFINITION OF ''RECOMMEND''.

Section 102 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 802) is
amended by adding at the end the following:
''(47) A practitioner will be deemed to have 'recommended'
the use of marihuana if the practitioner offered advice, or
responded to a request for advice, suggesting the use of
marihuana while acting in the course of his or her professional
capacity.''.

SEC. 3. DENIAL OR REVOCATION OF REGISTRATION.

(a) Denial of Registration.--Section 303(f) of the Controlled
Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 823(f)) is amended--
(1) by redesignating paragraphs (1) through (5) as
subclauses (I) through (V), respectively, and indenting
accordingly;
(2) by striking ''(f) The Attorney General'' and inserting
the following:
''(f) Registration of Practitioners to Dispense or Conduct Research
With Controlled Substances.--
''(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), the Attorney
General'';
(3) in the second sentence, by striking ''The Attorney''
and inserting the following:
''(2) Denial of registration.--
''(A) Discretionary denial of application.--
''(i) In general.--The Attorney'';
(4) in the third sentence, by striking ''In determining the
public interest'' and inserting the following:
''(ii) Determination of public interest.--
In determining the public interest for purposes
of clause (i)'';
(5) in the undesignated paragraph following subclause (V),
as redesignated by paragraph (1) of this subsection, by
striking ''Separate registration'' and inserting the following:
''(3) Registration for research purposes.--Separate
registration''; and
(6) by adding at the end of paragraph (2), as so designated
by paragraph (3) of this subsection, the following:
''(B) Mandatory denial of application.--The
Attorney General shall deny an application for
registration under this subsection upon a finding by
the Attorney General that the applicant practitioner--
''(i) administered, dispensed, or
recommended the use of marihuana to an
individual in violation of Federal or State
law; or
''(ii) has been excluded (or directed to be
excluded) from participation in a program
pursuant to section 1128(a)(5) of the Social
Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1320a-7(a)(5)).''.
(b) Revocation of Registration.--Section 304(a) of the Controlled
Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 824(a)) is amended--
(1) in subsection (a)--
(A) by redesignating paragraphs (1) through (5) as
subparagraphs (A) through (E), respectively, and
indenting accordingly;
(B) by striking ''(a) A registration'' and
inserting ''(a)(1) Subject to paragraph (3), a
registration''; and
(C) in the undesignated paragraph following
subparagraph (E), as redesignated, by striking ''A
registration'' and inserting the following:
''(2) Revocation of registration to dispense a narcotic
drug.--A registration'';
and
(2) by adding at the end the following:
''(3) Mandatory revocation of registration.--The Attorney
General shall revoke a registration described in paragraph (1)
upon a finding by the Attorney General that the registrant--
''(A) administered, dispensed, or recommended the
use of marihuana to an individual in violation of
Federal or State law; or
''(B) has been excluded (or directed to be
excluded) from participation in a program pursuant to
section 1128(a)(5) of the Social Security Act (42
U.S.C. 1320a-7(a)(5)).''.

SEC. 4. PROHIBITED ACTS RELATING TO MARIHUANA.

Section 403(a) of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 843(a))
is amended--
(1) in paragraph (3), by inserting before the semicolon '',
including acquiring or obtaining possession of marihuana by
means of claiming a medical need, with the intent of selling or
distributing the marihuana'';
(2) in paragraph (8), by striking ''or'' at the end;
(3) in paragraph (9), by striking the period at the end and
inserting ''; or''; and
(4) by adding at the end the following:
''(10) if that person is a practitioner, to prescribe,
dispense, or recommend the use of marihuana.''.

SEC. 5. ENHANCED PENALTIES RELATING TO MARIHUANA.

Section 403 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 843) is
amended by adding at the end the following:
''(g) In addition to any other applicable penalty, any practitioner
who violates this section by prescribing, dispensing, or recommending
the use of marihuana to a person under 21 years of age shall be
sentenced to a term of imprisonment of not more than 8 years, a fine of
not more than $60,000, or both.''.

SEC. 6. EXCLUSION OF CERTAIN INDIVIDUALS AND ENTITIES FROM
PARTICIPATION IN MEDICARE AND STATE HEALTH CARE PROGRAMS
FOR ILLEGALLY DISPENSING MARIHUANA.

Section 1128(a) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1320a-7(a))
is amended by adding at the end the following:
''(5)(A) Any person (including an organization, agency, or
other entity, but excluding a beneficiary, as defined in
subsection 1128A(i)(5)) that administers, dispenses, or
recommends the use of marihuana to an individual in violation
of a Federal or State law.
''(B) In this paragraph, the terms 'administer',
'dispense', 'recommend', and 'marihuana' have the same meanings
as in section 102 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C.
802)).''.

Ex Output:
Drug Use Prevention Act of 1997 - Amends: (1) the Social Security Act to exclude individuals and entities from participation in Medicare and State health care programs (participation) for administering, dispensing, or recommending the use of marihuana to an individual in violation of Federal or State law; and (2) the Controlled Substances Act (CSA) to direct the Attorney General to deny an application for registration, or revoke a registration, of a practitioner to dispense, or conduct research with, controlled substances upon a finding by the Attorney General that the applicant practitioner administered, dispensed, or recommended the use of marihuana to an individual in violation of Federal or State law or that the applicant practitioner has been excluded (or directed to be excluded) from participation for illegally dispensing marihuana.
Deems a practitioner to have "recommended" the use of marihuana if he or she offered advice, or responded to a request for advice, suggesting the use of marihuana while acting in the course of his or her professional capacity.
Amends the CSA to prohibit: (1) an individual from acquiring or obtaining possession of marihuana by means of claiming a medical need, with the intent of selling or distributing the marihuana; and (2) a practitioner from prescribing, dispensing, or recommending the use of marihuana.
Directs that, in addition to any other applicable penalty, any practitioner who violates the CSA by prescribing, dispensing, or recommending the use of marihuana to a person under age 21 be sentenced to up to eight years' imprisonment, fined up to $60,000, or both.

Ex Input:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Cigars Are Not a Safe Smoking
Alternative Act''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

Congress makes the following findings:
(1) Available scientific evidence demonstrates that regular
cigar smoking causes cancer, including cancers of the lip,
tongue, mouth, throat, esophagus, larynx, and lung.
(2) That same evidence demonstrates that cigar smokers
increase their risk of pulmonary heart disease by 27 percent
and coronary heart disease by 45 percent.
(3) Cigar use in the United States has risen dramatically
by nearly 50 percent over the last 5 years. Premium cigar sales
have tripled in the same time period.
(4) Data from the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention 1997 Youth Risk Behavior Survey indicates that among
high school students over 30 percent of the males and 10
percent of the females are current cigar smokers.
(5) Smoking cigars is not a safe alternative to smoking
cigarettes. Compared to a cigarette, a large cigar emits up to
20 times more ammonia, 5 to 10 times more cadmium (cancer
causing metal) and methylethylnitrosamine (cancer causing
agent), 80 to 90 times more nitrosamines (a highly carcinogenic
tobacco-specific agent), 2 to 3 times more tar, and 9 to 12
times more nicotine.

SEC. 3. PROHIBITION ON DISTRIBUTION TO YOUTH.

(a) Distribution.--
(1) General rule.--No person may sell or distribute a cigar
to any individual who is under the age of 18.
(2) Location of products.--A retailer of cigars shall
ensure that all cigars are located in areas where customers do
not have direct access to the products.
(3) Face-to-face transactions.--A cigar retailer may sell
cigars to the ultimate consumer only in a direct, face-to-face
exchange.
(b) Marketing and Advertising.--
(1) General rule.--The Chairman of the Federal Trade
Commission shall impose such restrictions on the sale,
advertising, distribution, and marketing of cigars directed at
youth as may be appropriate to limit the sale of cigars to
individuals who are 18 years of age or older.
(2) Electronic media.--Cigars may not be advertised on
electronic media, including television, radio, and any other
form of electronic communication.
(c) Sponsorship.--The Secretary of Health and Human Services and
the Chairman of the Federal Trade Commission shall encourage
manufacturers of cigars to end the practice of paying for, or
participating in, the placement of cigars in movies and on television
where a substantial segment of the viewing audience is under the age of
18 years.
(d) Definition.--The term ''cigar'' means any roll of tobacco
wrapped in leaf tobacco or in any substance containing tobacco,
including small cigars that weigh less than 3 pounds per thousand and
large cigars that weigh more than 3 pounds per thousand.

SEC. 4. HEALTH WARNINGS.

The Secretary of Health and Human Services, acting through the
Chairman of the Federal Trade Commission, shall require such health
warnings on the labels of cigars, on cigar boxes or other packaging,
and on advertising and marketing materials and messages as may be
appropriate to warn cigar users about the health risks presented by
cigars.

SEC. 5. STUDIES AND REPORTS.

(a) Secretary's Study.--
(1) In general.--The Secretary of Health and Human Services
shall conduct a study--
(A) to determine the health effects of occasional
cigar smoking, nicotine dependence demonstrated by
cigar smokers, biological uptake of toxic and
carcinogenic constituents of cigars, and environmental
cigar smoke exposure; and
(B) to determine the yields of tar, nicotine,
carbon monoxide, and any other additive designated by
the Secretary in cigar smoke.
Manufacturers of cigars shall report to the Secretary on the
yields of tar, nicotine, carbon monoxide, and any other
additive designated by the Secretary from cigars when smoked.
(2) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Health and Human
Services shall transmit a report to the President and to
Congress containing--
(A) findings from the cigar health and constituent
yield study required under paragraph (1); and
(B) such recommendations for legislation or
administrative actions as the Secretary deems
appropriate.
(b) FTC Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the
enactment of this Act and biennially thereafter, the Chairman of the
Federal Trade Commission shall transmit a report to the President and
to Congress containing--
(1) a description of the current sales, advertising, and
marketing practices associated with cigars; and
(2) such recommendations for legislation or administrative
actions as it deems appropriate.

SEC. 6. MONITORING TRENDS IN YOUTH ACCESS TO CIGARS.

The Secretary of Health and Human Services, in consultation with
the Chairman of the Federal Trade Commission and the Secretary of the
Treasury, shall monitor trends in youth access to, and use of, cigars.
If evidence suggests that cigars are inappropriately accessible to
children and adolescents, or that smoking cigars is becoming an
attractive alternative to smoking cigarettes for children and
adolescents as a result of differential tax and regulatory treatment,
sales and marketing practices of cigar manufacturers, changes in
consumer tastes, or any other reason, the Secretary shall immediately
notify Congress and make such recommendations for adjusting tax rates
or other legislative or administrative action necessary to ensure that
cigars cease to be an attractive alternative to cigarettes for children
and adolescents.

Ex Output:
Cigars Are Not a Safe Smoking Alternative Act - Prohibits any person from selling or distributing a cigar to any individual under 18. Requires that cigar retailers: (1) ensure that all cigars are located in areas where customers do not have direct access; and (2) sell cigars only in face-to-face exchanges. Directs the Chairman of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to impose restrictions on the sale, advertising, distribution, and marketing of cigars directed at youth as appropriate to limit sale to individuals 18 or over. Prohibits advertising cigars on any form of electronic communication. Directs the Secretary of Health and Human Services and the Chairman of the FTC to encourage cigar manufacturers to end the practice of paying for, or participating in, the placement of cigars in movies and on television where a substantial segment of the audience is under 18.
Mandates health warnings on the labels of cigars, cigar packaging, and advertising and marketing materials and messages.
Requires a study and report to Congress and the President on: (1) the health effects of occasional cigar smoking, nicotine dependence demonstrated by cigar smokers, biological uptake of toxic and carcinogenic constituents of cigars, and environmental cigar smoke exposure; and (2) the yields of tar, nicotine, carbon monoxide, and any other additive designated by the Secretary. Requires cigar manufacturers to report to the Secretary on those yields. Requires a study and report to Congress and the President by the Chairman of the FTC on current cigar sales, advertising, and marketing practices.
Directs the Secretary to monitor trends in youth access to and use of cigars and, if cigars are inappropriately accessible to, or becoming an attractive alternative to smoking cigarettes for, children and adolescents, to notify Congress and make recommendations.