question: Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form in the United States and United Kingdom during the mid-1950s. The terms "popular music" and "pop music" are often used interchangeably, although the former describes all music that is popular and includes many styles. "Pop" and "rock" were roughly synonymous terms until the late 1960s, when they became increasingly differentiated from each other.

Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music. Pop music is eclectic, and often borrows elements from other styles such as urban, dance, rock, Latin, and country; nonetheless, there are core elements that define pop music. Identifying factors include generally short to medium-length songs written in a basic format (often the verse-chorus structure), as well as common use of repeated choruses, melodic tunes, and hooks.

David Hatch and Stephen Millward define pop music as "a body of music which is distinguishable from popular, jazz, and folk musics". According to Pete Seeger, pop music is "professional music which draws upon both folk music and fine arts music". Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music. The music charts contain songs from a variety of sources, including classical, jazz, rock, and novelty songs. Pop music, as a genre, is seen as existing and developing separately. Thus "pop music" may be used to describe a distinct genre, designed to appeal to all, often characterized as "instant singles-based music aimed at teenagers" in contrast to rock music as "album-based music for adults".
1. What terms are often mixed up?
2. Don't they mean the same thing?
3. What's the difference?
4. Are pop and rock the same?
5. Were they at one time?
6. When?
7. Who is the first male mentioned by name?
8. What does he think?
9. Does anyone agree with him?
10. Who?
11. Is anyone else mentioned?
12. Name?
13. Does he agree with Hatch?
14. What does he think?
****
answer: 1. popular music and pop music
2. no
3. popular music describes all music that is popular, pop is it's own genre
4. no
5. sort of
6. until the late 1960s
7. David Hatch
8. that pop music is "a body of music which is distinguishable from popular, jazz, and folk musics
9. yes
10. Stephen Millward
11. yes
12. Pete Seeger
13. no
14. pop music is "professional music which draws upon both folk music and fine arts music"

question: The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a European state from the 13th century until 1795. The state was founded by the Lithuanians, one of the polytheistic Baltic tribes from Aukstaitija.

The Grand Duchy later expanded to include large portions of the former Kievan Rus' and other Slavic lands, including territory of present-day Belarus, parts of Ukraine, Poland and Russia. At its greatest extent in the 15th century, it was the largest state in Europe. It was a multi-ethnic and multi-confessional state with great diversity in languages, religion, and cultural heritage.

Consolidation of the Lithuanian lands began in the late 12th century. Mindaugas, the first ruler of the Grand Duchy, was crowned as Catholic King of Lithuania in 1253. The pagan state was targeted in the religious crusade by the Teutonic Knights and the Livonian Order. The multi-ethnic and multi-confessional state emerged only at the late reign of Gediminas and continued to expand under his son Algirdas. Algirdas's successor Jogaila signed the Union of Krewo in 1386, bringing two major changes in the history of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania: conversion to Catholicism and establishment of a dynastic union between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland.
1. What state is this about?
2. What state within Lithuania in particular?
3. What year did it begin
4. Who was the first ruler?
5. What religion was he?
6. When did the state end?
7. About when was it the largest?
8. What continent?
9. Did everyone speak the same language?
10. Was everyone Catholic?
11. Was everyone religious?
****
answer: 1. Lithuania
2. The Grand Duchy of Lithuania
3. 1253.
4. Mindaugas
5. Catholic
6. 1795
7. 15th century
8. Europe
9. no
10. no
11. no

question: In a very special course at Knnet School, the social-science teacher Adam Smith guides his students through the "married life". Unlike the traditional course, Adam makes his students experience the real problems married ones may face like housing and child care. "No one tells kids about money-managing problems," says Adam.

Each student should act out in ten weeks what normally takes couples ten years to finish. In the first week, one member of each couple is asked to get an after school job -- a real one. During the term, the income rules their life-style. In the third week, the couples must find an apartment they can afford.

In the fifth week, the couples "have a baby" and then struggle to cover the costs of baby clothes and furniture. In week eight, the marriage comes to the breaking point by such disaster as a mother-in-law's moving in or death. It's all over by week ten (the tenth year of marriage). After serious discussion with lawyers about alimony and child support, the students get divorced .

Adam's course, which has "married" 1,000 students since its beginning six years ago, is widely supported by parents and students. Some of the students have found the experience making them realize their real life marry plans are wrong. Marianne Baldrica, 16, who tried "marriage" last term with her boyfriend Eric Zook, 15, said, " Eric and I used to get along pretty well before we took the course together. But I wanted to live in the city, he wanted the country. He wanted lots of kids, I wanted no kids. It's been four weeks since the course ended and Eric and I are just starting to talk to each other again."
1. Who's the teacher?
2. At what school?
3. What does he teach?
4. How long do students have?
5. What must they do the first week?
6. What happens with their income?
7. What must couples do week 3?
8. When do couples give birth?
9. What struggles do they face?
10. What struggles do they face?
11. What is one week eight disaster?
12. How many have married in his course?
13. When did the program begin?
14. Do parents back the program?
15. Who else backs it?
16. How long after the course did Marianne start talking to her boyfriend?
17. What's his name?
18. Age?
19. What about hers?
****
answer:
1. Adam Smith
2. Knnet School,
3. social-science
4. ten weeks
5. get a real job
6. rules their life-style
7. find an apartment they can afford.
8. 5th week
9. cover the costs of baby clothes and furniture
10. to cover the costs of baby clothes and furniture.
11. a mother-in-law's moving in or death.
12. 1000
13. six years ago,
14. yes
15. students
16. Four
17. Eric Zook,
18. 15
19. 16