Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

Do you want to know something about children in Africa? What to they do for fun every day? Find out here: Education School is expensive for many African children. Lots of families can't afford school uniforms or exercise books even though they don't have to pay for school. For those lucky enough to go to school , they have a lot to learn. Some take two language classes: English or French, and their first language. There is also math, science, history, social studies and geography. _ take up much of children's time after school. They have to get water and firewood for the family every day. Also there's cleaning , washing and helping Mum with the meal. Daily fun It's not all work and no play. Sports are very popular. Children can make goals with twigs ( )and their own footballs with plastic and bits of string ( ). They play in the country and the streets of old towns. There're many football teams for teenagers in Africa. Internet It's really expensive to get on the Internet. To surf the net for 20 hours costs over 600yuan. This is more than the average monthly pay per person. Egypt and South Africa are the top two users of the Internet in Africa. All of the capital cities there can get on the Internet. Some schools offer computer lessons but few students can enjoy computer fun at home.

1. Where can you find out what they do to enjoy themselves?
2. Where is that?
3. Is it expensive?
4. Can they buy what they need?
5. What can't they buy?
6. Do their parents spend money for them to go?
7. What is taught, language-wise?
8. Are there any others?
9. Can they do astronomy?
10. What is something they can take?
11. What else?
12. What is another?
13. What else?
14. What do the kids have to do at home?
15. Anything else?
16. What do they like to do?
17. What do they use for the goalies?
18. What else?
19. Is it easy to view websites there?
20. How much does it cost?

Numbered answers:

A: 1. here
2. Education School
3. yes
4. no
5. school uniforms and exercise books
6. no
7. English or French
8. their first language
9. no
10. math
11. science,
12. history,
13. social studies
14. get water and firewood
15. cleaning , washing and helping Mum with the meals
16. Sports
17. twigs
18. footballs with plastic and bits of string
19. no
20. 600yuan for 20 hours

Question: The corridor windows at the Hangzhou Entel Foreign Language School look a bit different from other schools. They are all decorated with beautiful paper cutting art. But they are not just for decoration. They are also to stop birds from flying into windows. Chen Zitong, 14, a Junior 3 student at the school came up with the idea. In early January, she wrote a letter to the headmaster and suggested this. She often saw birds fly into the clean windows and get hurt. After some online research, she found this solution. "Some people decorated windows with stickers or posters. Then I thought of replacing them with our traditional paper cutting art," Chen said. To Chen's surprise, the headmaster took her advice. The school organized a paper cutting art competition. Students' works that got awards were pasted on the corridor windows. In fact, there have been paper cutting art classes since 2011. "We have classes once a week for a month to teach paper cutting," said Fan Ming, an art teacher. The teaching building even has a display wall to show students' works. Through the class, Shi Jiawei, 14, fell in love with the art of paper cutting. "It's very fun. I can design my own patterns and present interesting things through it," she said. She created many works like bears and magpies . Paper cutting also helps students become more patient. Wang Yiyou, 12, was once an active boy. But now, he can carefully design a delicate paper cutting work with scissors and gravers . "I am so proud that I can make it look perfect," he said. (By Wu Qian, 21st Century Teens Staff) 1. Who came up with the idea for unique windows?
2. How old is she?
3. Who did she send her suggestion to?
4. When?
5. What problem was she trying to solve?
6. Which school uses her method? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers: 1. Chen Zitong
2. 14
3. the headmaster
4. January
5. birds from flying into windows
6. Hangzhou Entel Foreign Language School

Q: 16:9 (1.7:1) (16:9 = 4:3) is an aspect ratio with a width of 16 units and height of 9. Since 2010 it has become the most common aspect ratio for televisions and computer monitors, and is also the international standard format of HDTV, Full HD, non-HD digital television and analog widescreen television. This has replaced the old .

Dr. Kerns H. Powers, a member of the SMPTE Working Group on High-Definition Electronic Production, first proposed the 16:9 (1.7:1) aspect ratio at a time when nobody was creating 16:9 videos. The popular choices in 1980 were: 1.3:1 (based on television standard's ratio at the time), 1.6:1 (the European "flat" ratio), 1.85:1 (the American "flat" ratio), 2.20:1 (the ratio of 70mm films and Panavision) and 2.39:1 (the CinemaScope ratio for anamorphic widescreen films).

Powers cut out rectangles with equal areas, shaped to match each of the popular aspect ratios. When overlapped with their center points aligned, he found that all of those aspect ratio rectangles fit within an outer rectangle with an aspect ratio of 1.7:1 and all of them also covered a smaller common inner rectangle with the same aspect ratio 1.7:1. The value found by Powers is exactly the geometric mean of the extreme aspect ratios, 4:3 (1.3:1) and 2.35:1 (or 64:27, see also for more information), 1.770 which is coincidentally close to 16:9 (1.7:1). Applying the same geometric mean technique to 16:9 and 4:3 yields the aspect ratio, which is likewise used as a compromise between these ratios.

1. 16:9 = 4:3) is an aspect ratio with a width of 16 units and height of 9. Since 2010 it has become the most common aspect ratio for televisions and computer monitors
2. yes
3. HDTV
4. Full HD
5. non-HD digital television and analog widescreen television
6. Kerns H. Powers
7. yes
8. yes
9. SMPTE Working Group on High-Definition Electronic Production
10. 1980s
11. 1.3:1
12. yes
13. 1.6:1
14. yes
15. yes
16. 1.85:1
17. 2.20:1
18. yes
19. Panavision
20. no

Numbered questions:
1. What is the most common aspect ratio for TVs?
2. Is this the international standard?
3. For which types of TV?
4. And?
5. Anything else?
6. Who proposed this ratio?
7. Is he a doctor?
8. Was he a member of any professional organizations at the time?
9. Which one?
10. What decade did he make this proposal?
11. Were there other choices then?
12. Was that considered standard?
13. What about in Europe?
14. Was that considered flat?
15. Did America have a flat ratio?
16. What was it?
17. What was used for 70mm movies?
18. Was that used for anything else?
19. What?
20. Did Powers use rectangles with different areas?