In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

[Q]: In this novel, one source of religious authority is the towns vicar Parson Irwine, who cares for his invalid sister Anne. The title character is loved by Mary Burge, the daughter of his employer, and studies with a schoolmaster named Bartle Massey. Set in the town of Hayslope at the end of the 18th century, it features a Methodist preacher named Dinah Morris who eventually marries the title character after the woman he loves is sentenced to death for murdering her illegitimate child. FTP, name this work which features Arthur Donnithorne and Hetty Sorrel, the first novel written by George Eliot, whose title character is an upstanding carpenter.
[A]: Literature

[Q]: This man's namesake elasticity describes surface tension resistance when a surface is stretched, and can be applied to surface-tension-related mass transfer in an effect named for this man and Marangoni. For a mixture at constant temperature and pressure, the change in the chemical potential of the system can be obtained using an equation named for this man and Duhem. Another equation named for this man is used to calculate the degrees of freedom of a system depending in part on its number of components. For 10 points, name this man with a namesake phase rule and a thermodynamic quantity useful in predicting the spontaneity of a chemical reaction, his free energy.
[A]: Science

[Q]: One type of this uses potassium permanganate to stain molecules with functional groups sensitive to oxidation, while another type relies on a partition based on a range of distribution coefficients. Described in a classic text by Braithwaite and Smith, they include reversed-phase and countercurrent varieties, and the study of them usually begin with rate theory and plate theory. A Long wave UV lamp is used in the type that utilizes a silica gel stationary phase, while a so-called high performance type uses higher pressure and a long column. First demonstrated by Mikhail Tsvet to German botanists, they include gel filtration, ion exchange, as well as liquid and gas mobile phase varieties. FTP name this class of general analytical methods used for separating the components of a mixture, exemplified by paper and thin-layer versions.
[A]:
Science