Process: - Coal is harvested from a coal mine - The coal is transported either by train or truck to power station - The coal is burned in a furnace - Water is turned into steam in the boiler - The steam is cooled in cooling towers - The steam turns the turbines - The generator makes electricity - The electricity is sent through transformers. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose more pressure in sun happens, how will it affect MORE coal arriving at the power station. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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Answer: no

Q: Process: - A photovoltaic cell is created with two layers of semiconductor material - The top layer are 'doped' with impurities to allow a negative charge - The bottom layer are 'doped' to allow for a positive charge - This produces an electric field that allows electrons to flow from negative to positve - Sunlight enters the cell - Energy from sunlight knocks electrons loose in both fields - This prevents the flow of electrons from negative to positive - Adding an external circuit allows the exchange to continue - Give the cells owner a flow of electricity. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose a coffee filter is made of thicker paper happens, how will it affect more sunlight available. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
A: no

Question: Process: - Magma rises from deep in the earth - The magma goes into volcanos - The volcanos pressure the magma upwards - The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano - The lava cools - The lava forms new rock - New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano - The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose other internal changes underground happens, how will it affect more lava will cool. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
Answer: yes

[Q]: Process: - Networks of trees start forming - The trees die off - The dead material provides nutrients for more trees - The rising trees provide shelter - And more organisms begin to thrive - The ecosystem known as a forest is made. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose less trees die happens, how will it affect LESS forest formation. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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[A]: yes

input: Please answer the following: Process: - When water freezes it becomes 10% bigger, or takes up 10% more space - As water expands it puts great pressure on the walls of anything containing it, including any rocks which happen to be surrounding it - The force of the pressure exerted on the rock surrounding it is enough to wedge the walls of the crack farther apart, thus expanding and deepening the crack - Clay expends when wet like ice does - This causes rock to break apart - Some plants like mosses and lichens are capable of growing without soil on bare rock - When they do this their roots penetrate pores and crevices and cause rocks to split apart as the roots force their way down through the rocks - Perturbation hypothesis: suppose A drought occurs in an area happens, how will it affect less water expansion when the water freezes. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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output: yes

Process: - Rain falls on wood - The rain seeps into the wood surface - It permeates the wood - When rain evaporates it leaves the wood - It takes the finish of the wood with it - The wood begins to lose it's luster - It begins to look bad - It has pieces of paint missing from the rain - It gets worse when it rains - It eventually will have no paint left. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose sealer is not applied to the wood happens, how will it affect the rain will not evaporate out of the wood. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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Answer:
yes