Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

[Q]: Context: It is well established that African Americans (AA) experience greater pain associated with a variety of clinical conditions, and greater pain sensitivity to experimental pain tasks relative to non-Hispanic Whites (W). Notably, African Americans do not show the same relationships involving endogenous pain regulatory mechanisms and pain sensitivity documented in Caucasians, including positive associations between blood pressure, norepinephrine, cortisol and greater pain tolerance.', 'The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between plasma oxytocin (OT) and pain sensitivity and to explore the relation of OT to other factors known to influence pain perception.', 'OT concentration and sensitivity to ischemic, cold pressor, and thermal pain tasks were assessed in African American (n=25) and non-Hispanic White (n=23) pre-menopausal women.', 'African American women demonstrated significantly lower pain tolerance across tasks compared with Whites (F(1,46)=6.31, p=0.0156) and also exhibited lower plasma OT levels (AA: 3.90, W: 7.05 pg/mL; p=0.0014). Greater OT levels were correlated with greater tolerance to ischemic pain (r=0.36, p=0.013) and accounted for a marginally significant portion of the ethnic difference in ischemic pain tolerance (B=+0.29, p=0.06). Greater OT was also correlated with greater tolerance of cold pressor pain (r=0.31, p=0.03); however, this association was no longer seen after the variance due to ethnicity was accounted for.
Answer: These data suggest that reduced oxytocinergic function may be one of multiple biological factors contributing to the greater sensitivity to experimental ischemic pain, and to the greater burden of some types of clinical pain experienced by African Americans compared with Whites.
[A]: Is ethnicity associated with alterations in oxytocin relationships to pain sensitivity in women?

[Q]: Context: To explore stakeholder views on cell-free DNA testing and highlight findings important for successful implementation and the provision of best practice in counseling.', 'Noninvasive tests based on the analysis of cell-free fetal DNA are now widely available in clinical practice and applications are expanding rapidly. It is essential that stakeholder views are considered in order to identify and address any ethical and social issues. We provide an overview of stakeholder viewpoints and then focus on the key issues of informed decision making, test uptake, service delivery and information sources.
Answer: Stakeholders are positive about the introduction of cell-free fetal DNA testing into clinical practice. They describe both practical and psychological benefits arising from tests that are safe and can potentially be performed earlier in pregnancy. Key concerns, which include the potential for these tests to have a negative impact on informed decision making and increased societal pressure to have testing, can be addressed through careful parent-directed counseling. As applications for these tests expand it is increasingly important to develop innovative approaches to facilitate good understanding for parents who are offered noninvasive prenatal testing.
[A]: Does stakeholder attitudes and need regarding cell-free fetal DNA testing?

[Q]: Context: Neuropeptides (NPs) may play an important role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) by regulating immune responses and contributing to the cross-talk between the immune and nervous systems.', 'To assess the ability of NPs to influence interleukin (IL)-13 and interferon (IFN)-gamma production and the expression of the activation marker HLA-DR in skin memory T cells [cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA)+ T cells] from patients with AD with severe, chronic lesions and intense pruritus, and from nonatopic controls.', 'Cells were cultured in the presence and absence of different NPs, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), somatostatin (SOM) and substance P (SP). IL-13 and IFN-gamma production and HLA-DR expression were measured in both CLA+ and CLA- T-cell subsets by flow cytometry.', 'CGRP increased IL-13 production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with AD (P < 0.05), with no changes detected in the presence of SOM or SP. These patients with AD had a lower expression of CGRP receptor compared with controls (P < 0.05). Memory T cells incubated with CGRP also showed an increase in IL-13 (P < 0.05) and HLA-DR (P < 0.05) in CLA+ T cells from patients with AD compared with controls, but not in CLA- T cells. Patients with a higher production of IL-13 were those with higher total IgE and percentage of skin area involved. Furthermore, the IL-13/IFN-gamma ratio was increased in patients with AD after cells were cultured with CGRP (P < 0.05).
Answer: Our results suggest an immunomodulatory role of CGRP towards a Th2 pattern in CLA+ T cells, which may contribute to exacerbating clinical symptoms in patients with AD.
[A]:
Does calcitonin gene-related peptide modulate interleukin-13 in circulating cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen-positive T cells in patients with atopic dermatitis?