TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.
PROBLEM: Gene expression studies require appropriate normalization methods for proper evaluation of reference genes. To date, not many studies have been reported on the identification of suitable reference genes in buffaloes. The present study was undertaken to determine the panel of suitable reference genes in heat-stressed buffalo mammary epithelial cells (MECs). Briefly, MEC culture from buffalo mammary gland was exposed to 42 C for one hour and subsequently allowed to recover at 37 C for different time intervals (from 30 m to 48 h). Three different algorithms, geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper softwares, were used to evaluate the stability of 16 potential reference genes from different functional classes. Our data identified RPL4, EEF1A1, and RPS23 genes to be the most appropriate reference genes that could be utilized for normalization of qPCR data in heat-stressed buffalo MECs.

SOLUTION: Identification of Appropriate Reference Genes for qRT-PCR Analysis of Heat-Stressed Mammary Epithelial Cells in Riverine Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

PROBLEM: This article employs a state-of-the-art panel threshold model by allowing for regime intercepts, in order to shed new light on the asymmetric/ nonlinear effects of local and global sentiments on expected industry stock returns among 11 Asian countries during the period from 1996 to 2010. Empirical evidence demonstrates that once the regime intercept is included, the asymmetric effects of global sentiment on oil & gas, financials, and health care industry returns become less under optimism, as compared with under pessimism. More critically, the positive (negative) impact of global sentiment above (under) the threshold turns significant, indicating that global optimism leads industry returns to be overvalued, while pessimism leads them to be undervalued. For local market sentiment, our results support that higher local sentiment enhances the returns of basic materials, telecommunications, and utilities industries. The empirical results confirm that the nexus of industry returns and investor sentiments is subject to change between different sentimental intervals.

SOLUTION: Asymmetric effects of investor sentiment on industry stock returns: Panel data evidence

PROBLEM: Fusion of MHV-3-immune splenocytes from MHV-3-resistant A/J murine strain, with NS myeloma cells produced several hybridomas. Among eight hybridoma clones, the 1E7A4H1 clone secreted kappa IgG2a apparently directed against the nucleoprotein of the MHV-3 virion. The monoclonal antibody was able to neutralize tile in vitro cytopathic effect of MHV-3 on cultured L2 cells, and was detected by indirect immunofluorescence on MHV-3-infected cultured Y AC cells. In addition, it conferred a significant protection against MHV-3-induced acute disease, if injected intraperitoneally to C57BL/6 mice before inoculation with MHV-3. , Mouse hepatitis viruses (MHVs), members of the coronavirus family, produce various diseases i n t h e mouse and other animal species [16] . They exhibit different tissue tropisms and patterns of infection [1]. The susceptibility of the animals to the virus-induced diseases appears to be genetically controlled at different levels [16] . Serological neutralization patterns of several of the MHVs are very complex [11, 15] and the three structural proteins demonstrated variable degrees of conservation [4, 13] . Coronaviruses are frequently endemic in laboratory mouse colonies [8] . Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies have been recently prepared against the J H M (MHV-4) [2, 4, 17] and MHV-2 [9] strains. In this brief note, we report on a monoclonaI antibody, apparently specific for the nueleo-* Present address: Instituto Butantan, Laboratoria Especial de Immunologia Viral, S~o Paulo, Brazil.

SOLUTION:
Archives of Virology Protection from mouse hepatitis virus type 3-induced acute disease by an anti-nucleoprotein monoclonal antibody Brief Report