Answer the following question given this paragraph: Leaf Structure and Function The outermost layer of the leaf is the epidermis; it is present on both sides of the leaf and is called the upper and lower epidermis, respectively. Botanists call the upper side the adaxial surface (or adaxis) and the lower side the abaxial surface (or abaxis). The epidermis helps in the regulation of gas exchange. It contains stomata (Figure 30.24): openings through which the exchange of gases takes place. Two guard cells surround each stoma, regulating its opening and closing. Q: The outermost layer of the leaf is the epidermis; it is present on both sides of the leaf and is called the upper and lower epidermis, respectively. botanists call the upper side the adaxial surface (or adaxis) and the lower side this? Choices: - dorsal surface - posterior surface - anterior surface - abaxial surface (or abaxis) A:
abaxial surface (or abaxis)
(Question)
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Chloroplasts are the little green particles in plants made up of what colorful pigment? Choices: - verdigris - carbonate - melanin - chlorophyll A:
(Answer)
chlorophyll
Ques: Answer the following question given this paragraph: repeating bony units that make up the vertebral column of vertebrates. Q: What do vertebrates possess that is made up of repeating bony units? Choices: - notochord - skull - spinal cord - vertebral column A:
Ans: vertebral column
(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Evolution occurs in a population when allele frequencies change over time. What causes allele frequencies to change? That question was answered by Godfrey Hardy and Wilhelm Weinberg in 1908 (see the Hardy-Weinberg Theorem concept). Q: In what year was the hardy-weinberg theorem formulated? Choices: - 1938 - 1901 - 1928 - 1908 A:
(A).
1908
Ques:Answer the following question given this paragraph: Phagocytosis is the process by which large particles, such as cells, are taken in by a cell. For example, when microorganisms invade the human body, a type of white blood cell called a neutrophil removes the invader through this process, surrounding and engulfing the microorganism, which is then destroyed by the neutrophil (Figure 3.26). A variation of endocytosis is called pinocytosis. This literally means "cell drinking" and was named at a time when the assumption was that the cell was purposefully taking in extracellular fluid. In reality, this process takes in solutes that the cell needs from the extracellular fluid (Figure 3.26). A targeted variation of endocytosis employs binding proteins in the plasma membrane that are specific for certain substances (Figure 3.26). The particles bind to the proteins and the plasma membrane invaginates, bringing the substance and the proteins into the cell. If passage across the membrane of the target of receptor-mediated endocytosis is ineffective, it will not be removed from the tissue fluids or blood. Instead, it will stay in those fluids and increase in concentration. Some human diseases are caused by a failure of receptor-mediated endocytosis. For example, the form of cholesterol termed low-density lipoprotein or LDL (also referred to as "bad" cholesterol) is removed from the blood by receptormediated endocytosis. In the human genetic disease familial hypercholesterolemia, the LDL receptors are defective or missing entirely. People with this condition have life-threatening levels of cholesterol in their blood, because their cells cannot clear the chemical from their blood. Q: What is the process by which large particles, such as cells, are taken in by a cell? Choices: - active transport - diffusion - mitosis - phagocytosis A:

Ans:phagocytosis
Ques:Answer the following question given this paragraph: structure in angiosperms consisting of male and female reproductive structures that attracts animal pollinators. Q: Angiosperms possess reproductive structures that attract animals that perform what role? Choices: - evolution - vegetation - isolation - pollination A:

Ans:
pollination