Input: Near East
The United States is the chief remaining nation to assign official responsibilities to a region called the Near East. Within the government the State Department has been most influential in promulgating the Near Eastern regional system. The countries of the former empires of the 19th century have in general abandoned the term and the subdivision in favor of Middle East, North Africa and various forms of Asia. In many cases, such as France, no distinct regional substructures have been employed. Each country has its own French diplomatic apparatus, although regional terms, including Proche-Orient and Moyen-Orient, may be used in a descriptive sense. The most influential agencies in the United States still using Near East as a working concept are as follows.

What is the chief remaining nation to assign official responsibilities to a region called the Near East?
Output: The United States

Input: Sumer
Though women were protected by late Sumerian law and were able to achieve a higher status in Sumer than in other contemporary civilizations, the culture was male-dominated. The Code of Ur-Nammu, the oldest such codification yet discovered, dating to the Ur-III "Sumerian Renaissance", reveals a glimpse at societal structure in late Sumerian law. Beneath the lu-gal ("great man" or king), all members of society belonged to one of two basic strata: The "lu" or free person, and the slave (male, arad; female geme). The son of a lu was called a dumu-nita until he married. A woman (munus) went from being a daughter (dumu-mi), to a wife (dam), then if she outlived her husband, a widow (numasu) and she could then remarry.

Who was at the top of the power pyramid in Sumerian society?
Output: the lu-gal

Input: Aspirated consonant
Later, during the Koine Greek period, the aspirated and voiceless stops /t d/ of Attic Greek lenited to voiceless and voiced fricatives, yielding / / in Medieval and Modern Greek.

Attic Greek lenited to what?
Output: voiceless and voiced fricatives

Input: Guinea-Bissau
The prevalence of HIV-infection among the adult population is 1.8%. Only 20% of infected pregnant women receive anti retroviral coverage to prevent transmission to newborns.

What does retroviral coverage help prevent?
Output:
transmission to newborns