Article: The most common source of new genes in eukaryotic lineages is gene duplication, which creates copy number variation of an existing gene in the genome. The resulting genes (paralogs) may then diverge in sequence and in function. Sets of genes formed in this way comprise a gene family. Gene duplications and losses within a family are common and represent a major source of evolutionary biodiversity. Sometimes, gene duplication may result in a nonfunctional copy of a gene, or a functional copy may be subject to mutations that result in loss of function; such nonfunctional genes are called pseudogenes.:7.6

Question: What are functional copies of a gene which have a loss of function due to mutation called?
Ans: pseudogenes

Article: Russell's ministry, though Whig, was not favoured by the Queen. She found particularly offensive the Foreign Secretary, Lord Palmerston, who often acted without consulting the Cabinet, the Prime Minister, or the Queen. Victoria complained to Russell that Palmerston sent official dispatches to foreign leaders without her knowledge, but Palmerston was retained in office and continued to act on his own initiative, despite her repeated remonstrances. It was only in 1851 that Palmerston was removed after he announced the British government's approval of President Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte's coup in France without consulting the Prime Minister. The following year, President Bonaparte was declared Emperor Napoleon III, by which time Russell's administration had been replaced by a short-lived minority government led by Lord Derby.

Question: What did Victoria express her displeasure at to Russell about Palmerton?
Ans: Palmerston sent official dispatches to foreign leaders without her knowledge

Article: The Cafe Procope was established in Paris in 1686; by the 1720s there were around 400 cafes in the city. The Cafe Procope in particular became a center of Enlightenment, welcoming such celebrities as Voltaire and Rousseau. The Cafe Procope was where Diderot and D'Alembert decided to create the Encyclopedie. The cafes were one of the various "nerve centers" for bruits publics, public noise or rumour. These bruits were allegedly a much better source of information than were the actual newspapers available at the time.

Question: In which Cafe was the Encyclopedie created?
Ans: The Cafe Procope

Article: In July 2002, Beyonce continued her acting career playing Foxxy Cleopatra alongside Mike Myers in the comedy film, Austin Powers in Goldmember, which spent its first weekend atop the US box office and grossed $73 million. Beyonce released "Work It Out" as the lead single from its soundtrack album which entered the top ten in the UK, Norway, and Belgium. In 2003, Beyonce starred opposite Cuba Gooding, Jr., in the musical comedy The Fighting Temptations as Lilly, a single mother whom Gooding's character falls in love with. The film received mixed reviews from critics but grossed $30 million in the U.S. Beyonce released "Fighting Temptation" as the lead single from the film's soundtrack album, with Missy Elliott, MC Lyte, and Free which was also used to promote the film. Another of Beyonce's contributions to the soundtrack, "Summertime", fared better on the US charts.

Question: What genre of movie did Beyonce star in with Cuba Gooding, Jr?
Ans:
musical comedy