Detailed Instructions: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
Q: The capture of this nation's ship Marqus of Olinda led to a war in which its forces were commanded by the Duke of Caxias. This state achieved independence with the "Fico" speech of its first ruler, who was deposed in favor of his son nine years later. That son promulgated the Lei urea or Golden Law which freed this country's slaves, but one year later, Dom Pedro II abdicated. This country joined Argentina and Uruguay in the Triple Alliance and has been run in more recent times by Itamar Franco, Fernando Cardoso, Getlio Vargas, and Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva. FTP, name this South American country claimed by Pedro Cabral for Portugal.
A:
History