In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
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Question: Context: The aim of this exploratory study was to identify those factors associated with asthma control assessed according to GINA Guidelines.', '809 (56% female) subjects with asthma were recruited consecutively from both specialist and primary care centres. Asthma control was assessed over a 4-week follow-up period using a composite measure. A multivariate analysis was performed, in which asthma control was included as the dependent variable and several explanatory variables were included as independent variables.', 'Analysis performed on the whole population rendered gender (p=0.003), the type of physician (p<0.001), and age group (p<0.001), as significant factors associated with asthma control. In adults, gender (p=0.001), asthma severity (p<0.001), and type of physician (p<0.001) were significant, and only asthma severity was significant (p=0.043) in children.\Question: Are women , patients with severe asthma , and patients attended by primary care physicians , at higher risk of suffering from poorly controlled asthma?

Answer: After model adjustment, we suggest that being female, suffering from more severe asthma, or being attended by a primary care physician, could pose a significantly higher risk of having poorly controlled asthma in adults.

Question: Context: CTLA4IgG that binds to B7 effectively inhibits the signaling of CD28/B7 pathway and induces antigen-specific T-cell unresponsiveness in vitro and in vivo. We examined whether the development of obliterative bronchiolitis in a murine heterotopic airway transplantation model is T cell dependent and whether CTLA4IgG abrogates the development of obliterative bronchiolitis.', 'Tracheae with main bronchi from C3H/He (H2k), BALB/C (H2d), or C57BL/6 (H2b) mice were transplanted heterotopically into subcutaneous pockets on the backs of BALB/C or BALB/C nu/nu mice on day 0. Recipient mice were untreated or intraperitoneally treated with either CTLA4IgG or human IgG with different time and dose schedules.', 'The development of obliterative bronchiolitis, which leads to luminal obliteration by fibrous tissue in a murine heterotopic airway transplantation model, was T cell dependent and the development of obliterative bronchiolitis was significantly abrogated by the CTLA4IgG treatment. However, the normal ciliated columnar respiratory epithelial cells in allografts were lost and replaced by flattened attenuated epithelial cells even after the CTLA4IgG treatment. We further demonstrated that CTLA4IgG treatment did not result in the induction of donor-specific unresponsiveness.\Question: Does blocking the CD28-B7 T-cell costimulatory pathway abrogate the development of obliterative bronchiolitis in a murine heterotopic airway model?

Answer: We demonstrated that the development of obliterative bronchiolitis in a murine heterotopic airway model involves both CD28/B7-dependent and -independent processes. The luminal obliteration by fibrous tissue is clearly CD28/B7 dependent and can be inhibited by CTLA4IgG. The luminal obliteration of allografted trachea by fibrous tissues and the loss of ciliated columnar respiratory epithelial cells represent distinct disease processes.

Question: Context: Gut ischemia may prime neutrophils to produce an exaggerated inflammatory response when challenged with bacterial pathogens. Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) is the first line of defense against potential pathogens, but may also exert its anti-inflammatory effects on potentially destructive neutrophil functions. We hypothesized that sIgA would blunt the gut-mediated priming events that lead to neutrophil hypersensitivity to bacterial challenge.', 'Confluent Caco2 cell monolayers were grown in a two-chamber culture system under normoxic or hypoxic conditions for 90 minutes followed by a 90-minute reoxygenation period. sIgA was placed in apical chamber media in experimental groups before reoxygenation period. Supernatants were then collected and incubated with neutrophils. Lipopolysaccharide was then used to activate neutrophils. Measurements of CD11b expression, elastase and superoxide anion production, and chemotaxis were undertaken.', 'Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) treated with Caco2 cells undergoing hypox-reoxygenation followed by activation with lipopolysaccharide show a dramatic increase in inflammatory potential when compared with naive neutrophils (n = 4, *p < 0.001). The addition of sIgA in this same group before the activation step showed a blunting of the inflammatory response, but never to the level of naive PMN.\Question: Does secretory immunoglobulin a blunt gut-mediated priming of neutrophils in vitro?

Answer:
sIgA is the principal defense against potential pathogens at mucosal surfaces. Additional protective activity may be found in its ability to downregulate gut-mediated neutrophil priming. Although more work needs to be performed examining the role of sIgA in the pathogenesis of sepsis, this study shows that sIgA downregulates the measured determinants of neutrophil inflammatory potential.