Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

[Q]: We examined hypoxia-inducible protein 2, hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha and nuclear factor-kappaB in acquired cystic disease of the kidney associated with renal cell carcinoma to elucidate the roles of these factors in cyst formation and subsequent tumor transformation.', 'Immunohistochemical expression of hypoxia-inducible protein 2, hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha and phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappaB (active form) were examined in 20 normal kidney samples obtained from nephrectomy for localized renal cell carcinoma and 25 kidneys with acquired cystic disease associated renal cell carcinoma from 23 patients on dialysis.', 'Only faint or weak immunostaining for hypoxia-inducible protein 2, hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha and phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappaB was observed in normal kidney tissues. In nontumor areas of the kidneys with acquired cystic disease expressions of these 3 proteins was up-regulated in tubular and cyst epithelial cells. Acquired cysts were classified into 3 types according to cyst epithelium morphology, namely flat, cuboidal and hyperplastic. Hyperplastic cysts were the predominant cysts expressing hypoxia-inducible protein 2 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha. Although up-regulation of hypoxia-inducible protein 2, hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha and phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappaB was observed in renal cell carcinoma, positive hypoxia-inducible protein 2 immunostaining was detected predominantly in papillary renal cell carcinoma, while positive hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha and phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappaB immunostaining was prominent in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
[A]: 1

[Q]: Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are commonly used during hemodialysis. Early failure of AVFs is quite common with incidence of 43% to 63%. In this study we aimed to describe a novel approach to AVF surgery for improving early patency rates.', 'Patients were divided into two groups according to use of probing and warm-wash-out technique. Group I consisted of 31 patients with additional probing technique. Group II consisted of 32 patients without additional maneuver. End-to-side anastomosis were used to all patients. Technical success was defined as having palpation of a thrill on fistula. Flow rates of draining vein was measured at 1st hour, 24th hour, 1st week and 3rd week of surgery.', 'Classical maneuvers were performed until end of the anastomosis. At this time, vein lumen was washed by low-dosed heparinized warm fluid, with assistance of a simple catheter.', 'Technical success was similar in both groups at 1st hour and 24th hour, while there were significantly differences between groups at 1st week (p = 0.042) and 3rd week (p = 0.05) assessments. Flow rates were also measured significantly higher in Group I at 1st hour (p = 0.011) and 24th hour (p = 0.016). Flow rates were almost similar in two groups at 1st and 3rd weeks but overall success rate was higher in Group I comparing with Group II (96.8% vs. 81.3%, respectively, p = 0.05).
[A]: 1

[Q]: Previous studies demonstrated that a history of childhood trauma is linked to mental disorders in adulthood, particularly to depression. Adverse childhood experiences are also considered to contribute to the risk of hypochondriasis, but the results of previous studies have not been conclusive with respect to the strength and specificity of this association. Therefore, we compared the association of adverse childhood experiences with both hypochondriasis and depression.', 'Fifty-eight patients with hypochondriasis, 52 patients with depression, and 52 healthy control participants completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) which assesses 5 varieties of abuse and neglect. A clinical interview (SCID-I) was used to establish DSM-IV diagnoses. Associations between childhood maltreatment, hypochondriasis and depression were estimated by means of analyses of variance and multiple linear regression analyses.', 'In comparison to hypochondriacal and healthy participants, patients with a current depressive disorder reported more emotional abuse as well as more emotional and physical neglect during childhood. Patients with hypochondriasis reported more emotional neglect than healthy individuals. However, when predicting the CTQ trauma types by diagnostic category adjusting for sex and comorbid DSM-IV diagnoses, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, physical abuse, physical neglect, as well as the CTQ total score were significantly associated with depression, but none of the CTQ scores was significantly related to hypochondriasis.
[A]:
1