[Q]: I read this background article the other day: Clouds on Earth are made of water vapor. Venus's clouds are a lot less pleasant. They are made of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and large amounts of corrosive sulfuric acid! The atmosphere of Venus is so thick that the pressure on the surface of Venus is very high. In fact, it is 90 times greater than the pressure at Earth's surface! The thick atmosphere causes a strong greenhouse effect. As a result, Venus is the hottest planet. Even though it is farther from the Sun, Venus is much hotter even than Mercury. Temperatures at the surface reach 465C (860F). That's hot enough to melt lead! I am facing a new situation today: John liked studying about the planets in our solar system. He recently studied and made comparisons between Earth's and Venus's atmosphere. He was amazed with what he found out. Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Which planet has a thicker atmosphere?
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[A]: Venus
input: Please answer the following: I read this background article the other day: Enzymes are proteins that increase the rate of chemical reactions by reducing the amount of activation energy needed for reactants to start reacting. Enzymes are synthesized in the cells that need them, based on instructions encoded in the cell's DNA. Enzymes aren't changed or used up in the reactions they catalyze, so they can be used to speed up the same reaction over and over again. Enzymes are highly specific for certain chemical reactions, so they are very effective. A reaction that would take years to occur without its enzyme might occur in a split second with the enzyme. Enzymes are also very efficient, so waste products rarely form. I am facing a new situation today: Students in a high school chemistry class are conducting an experiment where they perform an acid-base reaction with various conditions. Half the students, called the non-enzyme half, perform the reaction by simply mixing the chemicals together and waiting. The other half of the students, called the enzyme-half, mix the chemicals together, then add an enzyme specialized for this specific reaction. Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Which group will have to wait more for the reactions to finish?
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output: the non-enzyme half
Please answer this: I read this background article the other day: A major use for petroleum products is fuel for cars, trucks, airplanes, trains, and other vehicles. The chemical used are usually a mixture of compounds containing several carbon atoms in a chain. When the material is ignited, a massive amount of gas is created almost instantaneously. This increase in volume will move the pistons in an internal combustion engine to provide power. A jet plane works on a similar principle. Air comes into the front of the engine and mixes with the jet fuel. This mixture is ignited and the gases formed create a lot of pressure to push the plane forward. The idea can be seen even more clearly in the case of a rocket launch. The ignition of the fuel (either solid-state or liquid) creates gases produced under great pressure that pushes the rocket up. I am facing a new situation today: Company A was a refinery and managed petroleum products. Another company, named company H, produced and distributed electricity using wind power. Both companies strive to be more efficient and to pollute less. Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Which company made more fuel for trucks?
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Answer: Company A
Problem: I read this background article the other day: The above example shows how science generally advances. New evidence is usually used to improve earlier ideas rather than entirely replace them. In this way, scientists gradually refine their ideas and increase our understanding of the world. On the other hand, sometimes science advances in big leaps. This has happened when a scientist came up with a completely new way of looking at things. For example, Albert Einstein came up with a new view of gravity. He said it was really just a dent in the fabric of space and time. I am facing a new situation today: This year scientist found concrete evidence of existence of black holes by taking photograph of one. Unfortunately, the originator of black hole theory, Stephen Hawking, was never awarded a Nobel prize despite letting science advance in big leap because his theory could not be verified during his lifetime. On the other hand, scientist B has received Nobel prize because he has based his theory on the earlier theory of scientist A. Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Which scientist might have improved an earlier idea, scientist A or scientist B?

A: scientist B
Problem: I read this background article the other day: Alcoholic beverages do not make the entire body warmer.[361] The reason that alcoholic drinks create the sensation of warmth is that they cause blood vessels to dilate and stimulate nerve endings near the surface of the skin with an influx of warm blood. This can actually result in making the core body temperature lower, as it allows for easier heat exchange with a cold external environment. I am facing a new situation today: A research institute is investigating the effect of alcohol in human body. They gave two groups of subjects, group blue and group red, two different drinks, labeled as blue drink and red drink. The blue drink contained alcohol, and the red drink did not contain any alcohol. Blue drinks were given to the blue group and the red drinks were given to the red group. Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Would blue group have lower of higher core body temperature than red group?

A:
lower