Problem: (1) The result of these experiments led to the learning of processes for defining optimism .
(2) The result of these experiments led to the definition of learning optimism processes .

Do (1) and (2) mean the same thing?
A: no

Problem: (1) He was re-elected in 1977 , and in April 1978 was elected to the newly created Court of Appeals District 1 .
(2) In 1977 , he was re-elected and elected to the newly created Court of Appeals District 1 in April 1978 .

Do (1) and (2) mean the same thing?
A: yes

Problem: (1) The position of the opposition leader was essentially informal throughout the nineteenth century , with formal recognition only being granted in the early twentieth century .
(2) The position of Leader of the Opposition was essentially informal throughout the nineteenth century , with formal recognition only being granted in the early twentieth century .

Do (1) and (2) mean the same thing?
A: yes

Problem: (1) Kenneth Koch studied writing with Ceravolo at the New School for Social Research .
(2) Ceravolo studied with the New School for Social Research at Kenneth Koch Schrift .

Do (1) and (2) mean the same thing?
A:
no