input: OPTIONS:
- none of the above
- hydrostatic skeleton
- exoskeleton
- endoskeleton Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: CHAPTER SUMMARY 38.1 Types of Skeletal Systems The three types of skeleton designs are hydrostatic skeletons, exoskeletons, and endoskeletons. A hydrostatic skeleton is formed by a fluid-filled compartment held under hydrostatic pressure; movement is created by the muscles producing pressure on the fluid. An exoskeleton is a hard external skeleton that protects the outer surface of an organism and enables movement through muscles attached on the inside. An endoskeleton is an internal skeleton composed of hard, mineralized tissue that also enables movement by attachment to muscles. The human skeleton is an endoskeleton that is composed of the axial and appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton is composed of the bones of the skull, ossicles of the ear, hyoid bone, vertebral column, and ribcage. The skull consists of eight cranial bones and 14 facial bones. Six bones make up the ossicles of the middle ear, while the hyoid bone is located in the neck under the mandible. The vertebral column contains 26 bones, and it surrounds and protects the spinal cord. The thoracic cage consists of the sternum, ribs, thoracic vertebrae, and costal cartilages. The appendicular skeleton is made up of the limbs of the upper and lower limbs. The pectoral girdle is composed of the clavicles and the scapulae. The upper limb contains 30 bones in the arm, the forearm, and the hand. The pelvic girdle attaches the lower limbs to the axial skeleton. The lower limb includes the bones of the thigh, the leg, and the foot. Q: Of the three types of skeleton designs - hydrostatic skeletons, exoskeletons, and endoskeletons - which do humans possess? A:
A:
output: endoskeleton

Answer the following question given this paragraph: The most widely accepted theory explaining how muscle fibers contract is called the sliding filament theory . According to this theory, myosin filaments use energy from ATP to "walk" along the actin filaments with their cross bridges. This pulls the actin filaments closer together. The movement of the actin filaments also pulls the Z lines closer together, thus shortening the sarcomere. Q: What is the most widely accepted theory explaining how muscle fibers contract? A:

OPTIONS:
- sliding pigment theoery
- sliding tritium theory
- sliding carbon theory
- sliding filament theory

Answer: sliding filament theory

Problem: OPTIONS:
- sound
- light
- dust
- radiation
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Visible light is only a small part of the electromagnetic spectrum. There are parts of the electromagnetic spectrum that humans cannot see. This radiation exists all around you. You just can't see it! Every star, including our Sun, emits radiation of many wavelengths. Astronomers can learn a lot from studying the details of the spectrum of radiation from a star. Q: What does every star emit that humans cannot see? A:
Answer: radiation

Problem:OPTIONS:
- analogous pressure
- cellular pressure
- tissue pressure
- vapor pressure

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Because they cannot escape the container, the vapor molecules above the surface of the liquid exert a pressure on the walls of the container. The vapor pressure is a measure of the presure (force per unit area) exerted by a gas above a liquid in a sealed container. Vapor pressure is a property of a liquid based on the strength of its intermolecular forces. A liquid with weak intermolecular forces evaporates more easily and has a high vapor pressure. A liquid with stronger intermolecular forces does not evaporate easily and thus has a lower vapor pressure. For example, diethyl ether is a nonpolar liquid with weak dispersion forces. Its vapor pressure at 20C is 58.96 kPa. Water is a polar liquid whose molecules are attracted to one another by relatively strong hydrogen bonding. The vapor pressure of water at 20C is only 2.33 kPa, far less than that of diethyl ether. Q: What term describes a property of a liquid based on the strength of its intermolecular forces? A:
****
A: vapor pressure

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Plants that live in extremely dry environments have the opposite problem: how to get and keep water. Plants that are adapted to very dry environments are called xerophytes . Their adaptations may help them increase water intake, decrease water loss, or store water when it is available. Q: Plants that live in the desert are called? A:
OPTIONS:
- xerozoans
- heatophiles
- sporozoans
- xerophytes
xerophytes

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Figure below shows some of the damage done by acid rain. Acid rain ends up in soil and bodies of water. This can make them very acidic. The acid strips soil of its nutrients. These changes can kill trees, fish, and other living things. Acid rain also dissolves limestone and marble. This can damage buildings, monuments, and statues. Q: What type of rain dissolves limestone and marble? A:
OPTIONS:
- carbon
- natural
- sulfur
- acid

Answer:
acid