Question: Separation of powers is a political doctrine originating in the writings of Montesquieu in The Spirit of the Laws where he urged for a constitutional government with three separate branches of government. Each of the three branches would have defined abilities to check the powers of the other branches. This idea was called separation of powers. This philosophy heavily influenced the writing of the United States Constitution, according to which the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial branches of the United States government are kept distinct in order to prevent abuse of power. This United States form of separation of powers is associated with a system of checks and balances.

During the Age of Enlightenment, philosophers such as John Locke advocated the principle in their writings, whereas others, such as Thomas Hobbes, strongly opposed it. Montesquieu was one of the foremost supporters of separating the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary. His writings considerably influenced the opinions of the framers of the United States Constitution. 1. What concept influenced the US form of government?
2. What did he write?
3. What was the concept that he recommended?
4. How many separate powers did he recommend?
5. What are the three powers in the US government?
6. What is hoped to be gained by keeping them separate?
7. What kind of a system will accomplish that?
8. Who agreed with such systems?
9. How do we know that?
10. Was there any opposition?
11. Who might that be?
12. Montesquieu influenced who?
13. And what are we talking about?
14. The three branches are found where?
15. When did John Locke live? Provide a numbered list of answers.
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A numbered of answers: 1. writings of Montesquieu
2. The Spirit of the Law
3. Separation of powers
4. three
5. Legislative, Executive, and Judicial
6. prevent abuse of power
7. system of checks and balances
8. philosophers such as John Locke
9. advocated the principle in their writings
10. yes
11. Thomas Hobbes strongly opposed it
12. the framers of the United States Constitution.
13. Separation of powers
14. United States Constitution
15. During the Age of Enlightenment

Question: A gramophone record (phonograph record in American English) or vinyl record, commonly known as a "record", is an analogue sound storage medium in the form of a flat polyvinyl chloride (previously shellac) disc with an inscribed, modulated spiral groove. The groove usually starts near the periphery and ends near the center of the disc. Phonograph records are generally described by their diameter in inches (12", 10", 7"), the rotational speed in rpm at which they are played (16 23, 33 13, 45, 78), and their time capacity resulting from a combination of those parameters (LP long playing 33 13 rpm, SP 78 rpm single, EP 12-inch single or extended play, 33 or 45 rpm); their reproductive quality or level of fidelity (high-fidelity, orthophonic, full-range, etc.), and the number of audio channels provided (mono, stereo, quad, etc.).

The phonograph disc record was the primary medium used for music reproduction until late in the 20th century, replacing the phonograph cylinder recordwith which it had co-existed from the late 1880s through to the 1920sby the late 1920s. Records retained the largest market share even when new formats such as compact cassette were mass-marketed. By the late 1980s, digital media, in the form of the compact disc, had gained a larger market share, and the vinyl record left the mainstream in 1991. From the 1990s to the 2010s, records continued to be manufactured and sold on a much smaller scale, and were especially used by disc jockeys (DJ)s, released by artists in some genres, and listened to by a niche market of audiophiles. The phonograph record has made a niche resurgence in the early 21st century 9.2 million records were sold in the U.S. in 2014, a 260% increase since 2009. Likewise, in the UK sales have increased five-fold from 2009 to 2014. 1. Is "phonograph record" a British term?
2. What dialect is it from?
3. How many synonyms are there for what's often called just a "record" are there?
4. What are they?
5. Are these items digital?
6. Are they currently the most popular way to transmit music?
7. When did they stop being the most popular?
8. What was popular before?
9. When did the gramophone record become more popular than the cylinder?
10. And what replaced the gramophone record?
11. Are vinyl records fading away?
12. Who uses them today?
13. What's the nickname of that profession?
14. What kind of people like to hear music coming from records?
15. How many different ways of distinguishing types of records are there?
16. What are they?
17. How many sizes are there?
18. How many speeds?
19. How is the speed measured?
20. What material are they made from? Provide a numbered list of answers.
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A numbered of answers: 1. No
2. American English
3. three
4. gramophone record, phonograph record and vinyl record
5. no
6. No
7. late in the 20th century
8. the phonograph cylinder record
9. the late 1920s
10. compact discs
11. No
12. disc jockeys
13. DJs
14. audiophiles
15. Five
16. diameter, speed, time capacity, reproductive quality and number of audio channels
17. three
18. four
19. in the rpm at which they are played
20. polyvinyl chloride

Question: Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, is a large, mainly Gothic abbey church in the City of Westminster, London, located just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is one of the most notable religious buildings in the United Kingdom and has been the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English and, later, British monarchs. Between 1540 and 1556 the abbey had the status of a cathedral. Since 1560, however, the building is no longer an abbey nor a cathedral, having instead the status of a Church of England "Royal Peculiar"a church responsible directly to the sovereign. The building itself is the original abbey church.

According to a tradition first reported by Sulcard in about 1080, a church was founded at the site (then known as Thorn Ey (Thorn Island)) in the 7th century, at the time of Mellitus, a Bishop of London. Construction of the present church began in 1245, on the orders of King Henry III. 1. When was a church first founded on the site of Westminister Abbey?
2. What was the area called then?
3. Who what Bishop back then?
4. When did they build the current house of worship>
5. Who ordered it?
6. What was Westminister Abbey previously called?
7. What architecture style does it portray?
8. What part of London is it in?
9. What lies to its east?
10. What important ceremony is held there?
11. Is anyone buried there?
12. Who?
13. Was it ever a cathedral?
14. When?
15. Is it still an abbey?
16. What is it?
17. What does that mean?
18. When did that occur?
19. Is the original abbey church still standing?
20. Who first mentioned a church being on this spot? Provide a numbered list of answers.
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A numbered of answers:
1. 7th century
2. Thorn Ey
3. Mellitus
4. Construction began in 1245
5. King Henry III
6. Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster
7. Gothic
8. City of Westminster
9. Palace of Westminster.
10. coronation
11. Yes
12. English and British monarchs
13. Yes
14. Between 1540 and 1556
15. No
16. Church of England "Royal Peculiar"
17. a church responsible directly to the sovereign
18. 1560
19. Yes
20. Sulcard