Augustus (; 23 September 63 BC 19 August 14 AD) was the founder of the Roman Principate and considered the first Roman emperor, controlling the Roman Empire from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. He was born Gaius Octavius into an old and wealthy equestrian branch of the plebeian "gens" Octavia. His maternal great-uncle Julius Caesar was assassinated in 44 BC, and Octavius was named in Caesar's will as his adopted son and heir, then known as Octavianus (Anglicized as Octavian). He, Mark Antony, and Marcus Lepidus formed the Second Triumvirate to defeat the assassins of Caesar. Following their victory at the Battle of Philippi, the Triumvirate divided the Roman Republic among themselves and ruled as military dictators. The Triumvirate was eventually torn apart by the competing ambitions of its members. Lepidus was driven into exile and stripped of his position, and Antony committed suicide following his defeat at the Battle of Actium by Octavian in 31 BC.

After the demise of the Second Triumvirate, Augustus restored the outward facade of the free Republic, with governmental power vested in the Roman Senate, the executive magistrates, and the legislative assemblies. In reality, however, he retained his autocratic power over the Republic as a military dictator. By law, Augustus held a collection of powers granted to him for life by the Senate, including supreme military command, and those of tribune and censor. It took several years for Augustus to develop the framework within which a formally republican state could be led under his sole rule. He rejected monarchical titles, and instead called himself "Princeps Civitatis" ("First Citizen of the State"). The resulting constitutional framework became known as the Principate, the first phase of the Roman Empire. What are the answers to this following set of questions: 1. when did Augustus restore the facade?
2. when was he born?
3. what is he considered?
4. what did he do with Mark and Marcus?
5. who did they defeat?
6. did he accept monarchial titles?
7. what did he call himself?
8. what does that mean?
9. did he establish his framework immediatly?
10. what did the framework become known as?
11. when did Augustus die?
12. what was he born into?
13. what was his given name?
14. did he have a well known uncle?
15. who?
16. what happened to him?
17. when?
Answer: 1. After the demise of the Second Triumvirate
2. 63 BC
3. the first Roman emperor
4. formed the Second Triumvirate
5. the assassins of Caesar
6. no
7. "Princeps Civitatis"
8. ("First Citizen of the State")
9. yes
10. the Principate
11. 19 August 14 AD
12. into an old and wealthy equestrian branch of the plebeian
13. Gaius Octavius
14. yes
15. Julius Caesar
16. he was assassinated
17. in 44 BC

Problem: CHAPTER VIII.

POMPEII.

On the evening of the day on which the excursion to Vesuvius was made, Rollo came into Mrs. Gray's room, wearing a somewhat disturbed countenance. He told Mrs. Gray that he had got some bad news for her.

"Ah," said Mrs. Gray, "I'm sorry to hear that. What is the bad news?"

"Philippe is engaged for to-morrow," said Rollo, "and so he cannot go with us to Pompeii."

"O, how sorry I am!" said Josie. "What shall we do?"

"How is he engaged?" asked Mrs. Gray.

"He is going with a party to Bai."

"Where is Bai?" asked Josie. "Is it any where near Pompeii?"

"No," said Rollo; "it is exactly in the opposite direction. It is on the sea coast to the west, and Pompeii is on the sea coast to the east."

"What is there to be seen at Bai?" asked Mrs. Gray.

"Nothing but old ruins," said Rollo, contemptuously. "I don't see why people should want to go so far, and take away our guide, just to see old ruins. Besides, there are plenty of old ruins at Pompeii.

"But, Mrs. Gray," continued Rollo, "I don't think we need any guide at all to go to Pompeii. We can go by ourselves."

"Do you think so?" said Mrs. Gray.

"Why, you see I can engage a carriage to take us there myself," said Rollo. "I shall say 'Pompeii!' to the coachman, and point that way. And when we get to Pompeii, we shall find uncle George there, and then we shall get along well enough."
1. What is in Bai?
2. Who was going?
3. Who told Mrs. Gray?
4. Was he upset?
5. Why?
6. Was Mrs. Gray upset?
7. Where was philippe supposed to go?
8. Is it near where Philippe is going?
9. Where was it in relation to Bai?
10. Was Philippe a friend of theirs?
11. Was Philippe their guide?
12. Did they feel they needed him to go?
13. Who felt that they could take his place?
14. What was his plan? To engage what?
15. Would he speak to anyone?
16. Who?
17. What would he say?
18. What would they do once there>
19. Did he feel they would be alright then?
20. Did Mrs. Gray question their ability to do this?
Answer: 1. old ruins
2. Philippe
3. Rollo
4. Yes.
5. he had got some bad news
6. unknown
7. Pompeii
8. No
9. exactly in the opposite direction.
10. unknown
11. Yes.
12. No.
13. Rollo
14. a carriage
15. Yes.
16. the coachman
17. 'Pompeii!'
18. find uncle George
19. yes
20. Yes.

question: (CNN) -- Two former presidents reflected on their greatest regrets in office Monday, each looking back to issues that continue to plague the nation years later.

Former presidents and political rivals Bill Clinton and George H.W. Bush now share philanthropic efforts.

Former Presidents George H.W. Bush and Bill Clinton appeared together at a question-and-answer forum before the National Automobile Dealers Association in New Orleans, Louisiana.

Asked his biggest regret after leaving office, Bush said he now wonders whether he should have tried to get Saddam Hussein to leave office at the end of the first Gulf War in 1991.

He told the gathering, "I've thought a lot about it, but at the end of Desert Storm, the question was should we have kind of kept going on that road to death and all this slaughter until Saddam Hussein showed up and laid his sword on the table, surrendered. And the common wisdom was he wouldn't do that."

But he said a conversation with an FBI agent who interrogated Saddam after he was captured has made him reconsider.

Bush recalled their talk, "I said, 'What if we just say he has to come to surrender, would he have done it?' And this guy said, 'I'm absolutely convinced he would have.' My experts tell me he wouldn't have."

Bush said, "We ended it the way we said we would" as a military success, but noted a cleaner ending "would have been perfect."

He added, "If we had tried to get Saddam Hussein to come and literally surrender and put his sword on the table, I think it might have been avoided some of the problems that we did have in the future from him."
1. How many presidents are working together?
2. Who?
3. Where did they appear?
4. For what organization?
5. When?
6. When was the first Gulf War?
7. What does Bush regret?
8. Has he thought about it much?
9. What was the war's nickname?
10. Who said Saddam would surrender?
****
answer:
1. Two
2. Bill Clinton and George H.W. Bush
3. New Orleans, Louisiana
4. National Automobile Dealers Association
5. Monday
6. 1991
7. he should have tried to get Saddam Hussein to leave office
8. Yes
9. Desert Storm
10. this guy