Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Input: Consider Input: Weight loss and malnutrition are poorly tolerated by geriatric patients, and pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) can result in chronic malabsorption and weight loss. We sought to determine how preoperative severe nutritional risk (SNR), as defined by the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program/American Geriatric Society Best Practice Guidelines, affects long-term survival after PD for benign disease among geriatric and nongeriatric patients.', 'All patients undergoing PD for nonmalignant conditions at a single center between 1995 and 2013 were followed for survival, excluding patients who died within 90 days of surgery. Survival of geriatric (age 65 years) and nongeriatric (age <65 years) patients with and without SNR was compared using Kaplan Meier methods. Cox regression was performed.', 'There were 320 patients who underwent PD for benign disease. Over the course of the study, the proportion of geriatric patients undergoing PD for benign conditions increased from 25% to 46%. In addition to being older, geriatric patients undergoing PD for benign disease were significantly more likely to have coronary artery disease (CAD) and hypertension. Geriatric patients with preoperative SNR had significantly decreased long-term survival after PD for benign disease (p < 0.001), with roughly 1 in 3 patients dead at 5 years compared with 1 in 14 patients without SNR. Survival was not significantly different among nongeriatric patients with and without SNR. In geriatric patients, age, CAD, and SNR were significantly associated with decreased survival on both univariate and multivariate analysis.

Output: 0

Input: Consider Input: Recently, a novel clade Botrytis cinerea group S was found to be common in B. cinerea populations from Germany and New Zealand. Fenhexamid, an effective antibotrytis fungicide, has not been registered in China, but our preliminary study detected fenhexamid-resistant (HydR) isolates from strawberry in Zhejiang Province.', 'Genetic identification of 639 B. cinerea isolates from strawberry found that 331 (62.9%) belonged to B. cinerea group S. The frequency of HydR isolates ranged from 0 to 37.5% among the nine locations. Of the 74 HydR isolates, 71 were B. cinerea group S and moderately resistant to fenhexamid (HydR). Seven new mutations S9G, P57A, P269L, V365A, E368D, E375K and A378T in the target gene erg27 were reported for the first time. Sixty-two (83.8%) HydR isolates simultaneously carried P57A and A378T mutations, and further transformation assays showed that integration of one copy of erg27(P57A) (,) (A378T) into a wild-type strain led to partial resistance. Detached fruit studies showed that fenhexamid at the recommended field rate could control the disease incited by moderately resistant isolates but not by highly resistant isolates.

Output: 0

Input: Consider Input: To evaluate whether simvastatin influences (i) the intestinal expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and MRP2, and (ii) the disposition of the beta(1)-selective blocker talinolol, a substrate of these transporter proteins.', 'The disposition of talinolol after intravenous (30 mg) and single or repeated oral administration (100 mg daily) was monitored before and after chronic treatment with simvastatin (40 mg daily) in 18 healthy subjects (10 males, eight females, body mass index 19.0-27.0 kg m(-2)) genotyped for ABCB1, ABCC2 and SLCO1B1 polymorphisms. The steady-state pharmacokinetics of simvastatin was evaluated before and after repeated oral talinolol administration. The duodenal expression of ABCB1 and ABCC2 mRNA before and after simvastatin treatment was quantified using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (TaqMan.', 'Simvastatin did not influence the expression of duodenal ABCB1 and ABCC2. There was no significant pharmacokinetic interaction between simvastatin and talinolol. Duodenal ABCB1 mRNA content was significantly correlated with the AUC(0-infinity) (r = 0.627, P = 0.039) and C(max) (r = 0.718, P = 0.013) of oral talinolol. The ABCB1 and ABCC2 gene polymorphisms did not influence simvastatin and talinolol disposition. The half-life of the latter was significantly shorter in the nine carriers with a SLCO1B1*1b allele compared with the seven subjects with the wild-type SLCO1B1*1a/*1a genotype (12.2 +/- 1.6 h vs. 14.5 +/- 1.4 h, P = 0.01).
Output: 1