In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

Q: Context: In diabetics with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), risk of death has been reported to be non-constant after the first dialysis, and different outcomes have been observed between genders. We assessed the impact of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) on mortality in dialysis regarding its differential effect by gender using time-dependent analyses.', 'All T2DM and non-diabetic (no-DM) patients who started dialysis in two renal units in Lyon, France, between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 2007, were included. In multivariate analyses, the Cox model and Shoenfeld residual approach were used to assess the effect of T2DM on dialysis mortality by gender.', 'We included 235 T2DM (males: 57.9%) and 480 no-DM (males: 65.6%) patients. In males, the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for death in T2DM versus no-DM was 0.83 (p = 0.20) and was constant over time after the first renal replacement therapy (RRT) (p = 0.88). In females, aHR for death in T2DM versus no-DM patients was not constant over time (p = 0.002). It was 0.64 (p = 0.13) within the first year after the first RRT and 2.10 (p = 0.002) after the first year. Evolutions with time of these aHR by gender were significantly different (p = 0.009).\Question: Does the Impact of type 2 diabetes on mortality in end-stage renal disease patients differ between genders?

A: T2DM was associated with death only in females. This association was not constant over time after the first dialysis.
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Q: Context: The aim of this study was to develop an assay system that can quantify the amount of biomass in biofilms formed by different isogenic mutants of an Escherichia coli K-12 strain.', 'The reported assay, which is based on the BacTiter-Glo assay from Promega, uses bioluminescence to detect the intracellular concentration of ATP, which correlates with viable bacterial cell numbers. The quantitative data obtained with this ATP assay were compared to those obtained with the conventional crystal violet assay. As a qualitative control, scanning electron microscopy was performed.\Question: Does a combination of assays reveal biomass differences in biofilms formed by Escherichia coli mutants?

A: The ATP assay, the crystal violet assay and scanning electron microscopy yielded similar results for six of the eight strains tested. For the remaining two strains, the images from the scanning electron microscopy confirmed the results from the ATP assay.
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Q: Context: PRV-1 mRNA is overexpressed by neutrophils from polycythemia vera patients and is homologous to NB1 a gene overexpressed in reactive neutrophilia.', 'These investigations were designed to confirm searches of genome databases suggesting that PRV-1 and NB1 are alleles of the same gene, CD177, and confirm a pseudogene adjacent to CD177. Methods included polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cloning, sequencing, and fluorescent hybridization studies.', 'The coding region of PRV-1 was PCR-amplified from human fetal RNA, cloned, and used to screen the RPCI-11 bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library. Five BACs were reactive with the PRV-1 probe. PCR analysis of the BACs with primers encompassing PRV-1 exons, containing four known single-nucleotide polymorphisms, followed by sequencing rendered amplicons identical to PRV-1 in all five BACs. Analysis of all five by restriction digestion yielded fragments possible only if both the gene and the pseudogene are present. End sequencing of the BACs localized them to the same chromosome region. G-banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization at the 400- and 850-band levels of resolution mapped one BAC to chromosome band 19q13.2 and sublocalized the BAC to band 19q13.31, respectively.\Question: Are the gene overexpressed in polycythemia rubra vera , PRV-1 , and the gene encoding a neutrophil alloantigen , NB1 , alleles of a single gene , CD177 , in chromosome band 19q13.31?

A:
PRV-1 and NB1 are alleles of the same gene now referred to as CD177. Changes in CD177 expression may be a marker of increased or decreased myelopoiesis and are therefore an effect of, rather than a cause of, myeloproliferative disorders.
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