A pair of 8 feet (2.4m) long pieces of good-quality 2 x 4 dimensional lumber will work well for this job. Pick through the pile at the lumber yard to avoid pieces that are warped, bowed, or cracked. Check that lumber is straight and "true" by holding one end up to your eyes and looking down the length of the wood. The amount you'll need depends on the width of your ladder-stairs and the number of treads required. But, in most cases, 2-3 pieces of 1 x 3 lumber that are 8 feet (2.4m) long should suffice. You can use 2 x 4 lumber instead if you prefer to have "beefier" treads. When in doubt, buy an extra piece or two of lumber. It's better to have leftover wood at the end of the job than to run out in the middle or it! A good table saw or circular saw will make quick work of 2 x 4 and 1 x 3 lumber, but make sure you follow all safety precautions and know how to use the saw properly. A jigsaw will also work for this application, but again make safety your priority. If you have a steady hand and a sharp blade, a hand saw is fine for this job as well. Always wear eye protection when handling saws. Wear ear protection when using power saws. Make sure to keep your hands clear of the blade, and remove or tie back any loose clothing, jewelry, or hair. If you are wary of your cutting skills, you may be able to have your lumber cut to fit at the home improvement store. Mark the angle on the wide side at one end of each piece of 2 x 4 lumber. Make the cut carefully with your chosen saw. Use the same process for marking and cutting the 2 x 4 pieces, just with a greater angle. Remember that a 30 degree stair-ladder will protrude further out into the room. Use a medium-grit (80-120 grit) sandpaper on all cuts you make during this project. Smoothing out any jagged edges will reduce your risk of cutting yourself, and will improve the fit and appearance of the ladder-staircase. Wipe away any dust with a damp rag or a tack cloth. It's wise to wear eye protection and a dust mask while sanding. Assuming that you're working with a basic wooden bunk set, the ladder-stairs will usually attach to the inner sides of 2 vertical posts that either form a corner of the bed or support the upper bunk's protective rail. Measure the distance between these posts, then subtract 3 inches (7.6cm) to account for the side rails. An ideal adjusted width is between 16 and 18 inches (41 and 46cm). You subtract 3 inches instead of 4 because 2 x 4 lumber is actually only 1.5 inches (3.8cm) thick by 3.5 inches (8.9cm) wide. Use the adjusted measurement between the bed's support posts for the width of your treads. Then mark and cut 8 treads (7 to use and 1 spare) to this length with your saw. A typical bunk bed (e.g., 56 inches (140cm) high to the top bunk's deck) will need 7 treads 1 on the floor and 6 spaced equally up the side rails. There should be about 10 to 12 inches (25 to 30cm) of vertical rise between treads, so cut a few more or a few less than 8 if your bunk set is unusually tall or short.
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One-sentence summary -- Use 2 x 4 dimensional lumber for the side rails. Grab 1 x 3 dimensional lumber for the stair treads (ladder rungs). Use a hand saw or power saw to cut the wood. Create a 15 degree floor angle for a more upright ladder-staircase. Use a 30 degree angle for a more stair-like structure. Smooth these and all subsequent saw cuts with sandpaper. Measure the width for your stair treads. Cut the stair treads to length from the 1 x 3 lumber.

Article: All citizens of the United States aged 16 years and older must travel with a passport, passport card, Enhanced Driver's License or Enhanced ID Card (EDL/ID) to meet requirements for crossing the border to and from Canada. Bring proof of citizenship (like a birth certificate) in case you are asked for additional documentation. Permanent residents of Canada or the U.S. need to bring their Permanent Resident Cards. International travelers who are not citizens of the United States or Canada are required to have a passport and possibly a visa when entering Canada. Find out from your home country if a visa will be required. In anticipation of passport processing times, apply for your passport several months before your trip. Passport applications can be completed online and printed, or you can obtain one from a United States post office that has passport acceptance services. If you need to expedite your passport, you can request and pay for a faster application processing service. You can only complete your passport application online and then print it out for submission. You currently cannot apply for a passport online. Children aged 15 years or younger can cross by presenting proof of citizenship, such as a U.S. birth certificate, without a photo ID. The same goes for children aged 16-18 years old who are traveling with an organized school or other youth group (including religious youth groups). Valid proofs of citizenship for minors are a U.S. birth certificate (original, photocopy, or certified copy), a U.S. consular report of birth abroad, and a Certificate of U.S. Naturalization. Children (under 18) traveling without both parents should carry a parental consent letter. Ideally, this letter should be notarized. Dogs and cats that are older than three months will need signed and dated rabies vaccination certificates from a veterinarian. These certificates are usually valid for 1-3 years after obtaining them. Service dogs are exempt from these rules as long as they are accompanied by their owners. The rules about crossing with pets other than cats and dogs vary. Contact CFIA for details prior to your trip.
Question: What is a summary of what this article is about?
Meet the ID requirements. Apply for a passport early. Bring a birth certificate if you are traveling with a minor. Obtain a rabies vaccination certificate if you are traveling with your pet.