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Perdon is essentially the Spanish equivalent to the English "pardon" or "excuse me." "perdon", pronounced "perr-donn" can be used in most minor, everyday incidents, such as accidentally bumping into someone or interrupting someone. Alternatively, you can say "perdoname", pronounced "perr-donn-ah-may", to give a more direct apology. The word disculpa, which translates as "apology" or "excuse" and is pronounced as "dees-kool-pah" can be used to mean "forgive me." It is appropriate for minor incidents in which you need to excuse yourself. It can be used in the same situations as perdon. When making an informal apology you would say "tu disculpa;" but when making a formal apology you would say "usted disculpe." When you say "tu disculpa" or "usted disculpe", you are literally saying "you forgive me", though it's an imperative. As a result, "tu disculpa" and "usted disculpe" are listener-oriented apologies, because they make the listener the subject of the sentence. This structure, which is common in Spanish, places the emphasis on the listener's ability to forgive you rather than on your own feelings of regret. Alternatively, you can just say "'disculpame", pronounced "dees-kool-pah-meh", which simply means "forgive me" or "excuse me" (informal).
Use "perdon" to excuse yourself in minor situations. Use "disculpa" to apologize for minor incidents.