Question:
ordinary shoes for both men and women can be quite cheap, but anything stylish is likely to cost as much as at home.

Does it follow that "Ordinary shoes actually cost much more than fashionable ones. "?
Answer:
no

Question:
While most of the published studies found positive (but not always significant) associations with available PM indices such as total suspended particles (TSP), fine particles components (i.e.

Does it follow that "Positive associations were discovered by most of the published studies."?
Answer:
yes

Question:
This program is clearly a model for success.

Does it follow that "The program is a model for what not to do. "?
Answer:
no

Question:
For reasons of security, he settled a few miles inland from what is now San Juan.

Does it follow that "As he didn't really care about security, he randomly chose a spot to settle down."?
Answer:
no