Problem: OPTIONS:
- non-valence electrons
- shell electrons
- gradient electrons
- valence electrons
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: In the study of chemical reactivity, we will find that the electrons in the outermost principal energy level are very important and so they are given a special name. Valence electrons are the electrons in the highest occupied principal energy level of an atom. In the second period elements listed above, the two electrons in the 1 s sublevel are called inner-shell electrons and are not involved directly in the element's reactivity or in the formation of compounds. Lithium has a single electron in the second principal energy level and so we say that lithium has one valence electron. Beryllium has two valence electrons. How many valence electrons does boron have? You must recognize that the second principal energy level consists of both the 2 s and the 2 p sublevels and so the answer is three. In fact, the number of valence electrons goes up by one for each step across a period until the last element is reached. Neon, with its configuration ending in s 2 p 6 , has eight valence electrons. Q: What is electrons in the highest occupied principal energy level of an atom called? A:
Answer: valence electrons

Problem:OPTIONS:
- hot surfaces
- cold surfaces
- smooth surfaces
- rough surfaces

Answer the following question given this paragraph: The angle of reflection equals the angle of incidence. A mirror has a smooth surface and reflects light at specific angles. Light is diffused when it reflects from a rough surface. Mirror images can be photographed and videotaped by instruments. Q: What kind of surface would cause diffusion when light is reflected off of it? A:
****
A: rough surfaces

Answer the following question given this paragraph: The cornea is the transparent outer covering of the eye. It protects the eye and also acts as a convex lens, helping to focus light that enters the eye. Q: What is the transparent outer covering of the eye? A:
OPTIONS:
- pupil
- iris
- retina
- cornea
cornea

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Amphibians play important roles in many ecosystems, especially as middle players in many food chains and food webs. In addition to consuming many worms and insects and other arthropods, and even some small reptiles and mammals and fish, they are prey for turtles and snakes, as well as some fish and birds. Tadpoles keep waterways clean by feeding on algae. Q: What do tadpoles clear out of waterways? A:
OPTIONS:
- pollution
- oxygen
- disease
- algae

Answer: algae

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Image copyright James Steidl, 2014. During sexual reproduction, a sperm fertilizes an egg . Used under license from Shutterstock. com. Q: What fertilizes an egg during sexual reproduction? A:
OPTIONS:
- gametes
- mucus
- cytoplasm
- sperm
Answer: sperm

input: OPTIONS:
- disappear
- decrease
- halve
- increase Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Equal volumes of four different gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of gaseous particles. Because the molar mass of each gas is different, the mass of each gas sample is different even though all contain 1 mol of gas. The relationships among the volume of a gas and its pressure, temperature, and amount are summarized in Figure 10.10 "The Empirically Determined Relationships among Pressure, Volume, Temperature, and Amount of a Gas". Volume increases with increasing temperature or amount but decreases with increasing pressure. Q: What does increased temperature cause the volume to do in a gas? A:
A:
output:
increase