Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Input: Consider Input: Human cases of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) have been reported among machinists for over 10 yr. Although mycobacteria have been implicated as causal agents, this has not been established in experimental studies and the mechanisms remain unclear. Other constituents of in-use metalworking fluids (MWFs) may also contribute to the development of lung disease. We investigated the potential for Mycobacterium immunogenum (MI) in MWFs to induce HP.', 'Mice were exposed intranasally for 3 wk to MI (isolated from MWFs), Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula (positive control), saline, endotoxin, MWFs spiked with endotoxin and/or MI, used MWFs, and particulate-fortified used MWFs. Responses were assessed 96 h after the last exposure.', 'Mice exposed to MI in MWFs developed lung pathology consistent with HP along with significantly more monocytes and neutrophils in lung lavage, increased CD4+/CD8+ T-lymphocyte ratio, and marked pulmonary lymphocytosis on histologic examination when compared with saline-treated control mice. Mice with Grade 2 or higher pathology (0-4 point scale) exhibited significantly elevated macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha and IL-10 and a trend toward higher RANTES 96 h after the final dose. Endotoxin coexposure augmented lung pathology.

Output: 0

Input: Consider Input: The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of low-energy femoral insufficiency fractures in elderly patients.', 'The study retrospectively evaluated the clinical course of 4 patients with low-energy femoral shaft and subtrochanteric fractures admitted to our department between 2009 and 2011. Three patients had prior long-term alendronate therapy and one had prior glucocorticoid therapy.', 'There were 5 femoral shaft fractures, 2 incomplete shaft fractures, 2 subtrochanteric and 1 intertrochanteric fractures. All femoral shaft fractures had characteristic fracture patterns with thickened lateral cortices at the proximal fragment. Six femurs had excessive medial femoral bowing, which complicated intramedullary nailing. Additional fractures were seen on both femurs of one patient who had been primarily treated with short implants. A bifocal femoral fracture was seen in one femur. Union was achieved in all patients. Two patients were able to walk independently, one with a cane and one with double crutches.

Output: 1

Input: Consider Input: Isotopic turnover quantifies the metabolic renewal process of elements in organs and excreta. Knowledge of the isotopic turnover of animal organs and excreta is necessary for diet reconstruction via stable isotope analysis, as used in animal ecology, palaeontology and food authentication. Effects of dietary protein content on the isotopic carbon and nitrogen turnover (i.e. delay, representing the time between ingestion and start of renewal, and half-life) are unknown for most mammalian organs and excreta.', 'To examine the effect of dietary protein content on turnover (delay and turnover rate), we fed 18 rats either a diet at protein maintenance or above protein maintenance, and quantified their isotopic carbon and nitrogen turnover in ten organs and excreta. These included the excreta faeces and urine, the visceral organs blood plasma, liver, kidney, lung and spleen, the cerebral tissue brain, and the muscular tissues heart and muscle. For data analysis, we used piecewise linear/non-linear exponential modelling that allows quantifying delay and turnover rate simultaneously.', 'Delays were ~0.5days for carbon and nitrogen turnover and were not affected by dietary protein content. Half-lives during the following reaction progress were in the range of 1 to 45days, increasing from excreta to visceral organs to muscular and cerebral organs. Rats fed the higher protein amount had 30% shorter nitrogen half-lives, and 20% shorter carbon half-lives.
Output: 0