In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.

Input: Consider Input: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Justice for Victims of Fraud Act of
2016''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

The Congress finds the following:
(1) The Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection found that
Wells Fargo management implemented sales incentives, including
an incentive-compensation program, in part to increase the
number of banking products and services that its employees sold
to its customers.
(2) The Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection found that
Wells Fargo employees engaged in improper sales practices to
satisfy sales goals under Wells Fargo's incentive compensation
program, including opening as many as 1,534,280 checking
accounts and 565,443 credit card accounts using consumers'
information without their knowledge or consent between May 2011
and July 2015.
(3) Wells Fargo successfully claimed in Jabbari v. Wells
Fargo that customers had signed away their rights to hold Wells
Fargo accountable in court for claims of fraud because those
customers were bound to a forced arbitration clause for their
legitimate accounts.
(4) After Wells Fargo publicly entered a settlement with
Federal regulators for the opening of thousands of unauthorized
customer accounts, Wells Fargo claimed in Mitchell et. al. v.
Wells Fargo et. al. that customers' fraud claims must continue
to be forced into arbitration.
(5) Several courts have determined that despite claims of
fraud over unauthorized accounts opened without customer
knowledge or consent, those customers are still bound by
contracts forcing those claims into arbitration based on the
courts' interpretation of the Federal Arbitration Act.
(6) The Federal Arbitration Act (now codified as chapter 1
of title 9, United States Code) was intended to apply to
disputes between commercial entities of generally similar
sophistication and bargaining power, but a series of decisions
by the Supreme Court of the United States have interpreted the
Federal Arbitration Act as applicable to claims of fraud.
(7) Consumers have no meaningful choice whether to submit
their claims to arbitration and are typically unaware that they
have given up their rights to file claims in court.

SEC. 3. ARBITRATION OF CONSUMER DISPUTES RELATED TO CREDIT CARD
ACCOUNTS.

Chapter 2 of the Truth in Lending Act (15 U.S.C. 1631 et seq.) is
amended by adding at the end the following (and the table of contents
for such chapter is conformed accordingly):
''Sec. 140B. Validity and enforceability
''(a) Definitions.--In this section--
''(1) the term 'covered dispute' means a dispute that is
not subject to a final judgment by a court; and
''(2) the term 'predispute arbitration agreement' means any
agreement between a person and a consumer providing for
arbitration of any future dispute between the parties.
''(b) Validity and Enforceability.--No predispute arbitration
agreement shall be valid or enforceable in a covered dispute that is
related to a credit card that was not issued in response to a request
or application for that credit card account.
''(c) Applicability.--The applicability of this section to a
predispute arbitration agreement shall be determined by a State or
Federal court of competent jurisdiction.''.

SEC. 4. ARBITRATION OF CONSUMER DISPUTES RELATED TO COVERED ACCOUNTS.

The Electronic Fund Transfer Act (15 U.S.C. 1693 et seq.) is
amended by inserting after section 920 (15 U.S.C. 1693o-2) the
following:

''SEC. 920A. VALIDITY AND ENFORCEABILITY.

''(a) Definitions.--In this section--
''(1) the term 'covered account'--
''(A) means a demand deposit, savings deposit, or
other asset account (other than an occasional or
incidental credit balance in an open end credit plan as
defined in section 103(i)), as described in regulations
of the Bureau, established primarily for personal,
family, or household purposes, including demand
accounts, time accounts, negotiable order of withdrawal
accounts, and share draft accounts; and
''(B) does not include an account held by a
financial institution pursuant to a bona fide trust
agreement;
''(2) the term 'covered dispute' means a dispute that is
not subject to a final judgment by a court; and
''(3) the term 'predispute arbitration agreement' means any
agreement between a financial institution and a consumer
providing for arbitration of any future dispute between the
parties.
''(b) Validity and Enforceability.--No predispute arbitration
agreement shall be valid or enforceable in a covered dispute that is
related to a covered account that was not issued in response to a
request or application for that covered account.
''(c) Applicability.--The applicability of this section to a
predispute arbitration agreement shall be determined by a State or
Federal court of competent jurisdiction.''.

SEC. 5. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.

Nothing in the amendments made by this Act shall be construed--
(1) to authorize the imposition of a requirement to submit
a dispute to arbitration; or
(2) to restrict any court from ruling that a requirement to
submit a dispute to arbitration is invalid or unenforceable.

Output: Justice for Victims of Fraud Act of 2016 This bill amends the Truth in Lending Act and the Electronic Fund Transfer Act to prohibit predispute arbitration agreements with consumers (i.e., agreements to arbitrate any future disputes between parties instead of pursuing the claims in court) from being valid or enforceable in disputes related to credit card accounts or personal bank accounts that are not subject to a final judgment by a court if the credit card or bank account was not issued in response to a request or application for that account. The bill excludes from this prohibition accounts held by a financial institution pursuant to a bona fide trust agreement.

Input: Consider Input: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''National Breast and Cervical Cancer
Early Detection Program Reauthorization Act of 2006''.

SEC. 2. NATIONAL BREAST AND CERVICAL CANCER EARLY DETECTION PROGRAM.

Title XV of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 300k et seq.)
is amended--
(1) in section 1501(d)--
(A) in the heading, by striking ''2000'' and
inserting ''2020''; and
(B) by striking ''by the year 2000'' and inserting
''by the year 2020'';
(2) in section 1503, by adding at the end the following:
''(d) Waiver of Services Requirement on Division of Funds.--
''(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish a
demonstration project under which the Secretary, acting through
the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
may waive the requirements of paragraphs (1) and (4) of
subsection (a) for not more than 5 States, if--
''(A)(i) the State involved will use the waiver to
leverage private funds to supplement each of the
services or activities described in paragraphs (1) and
(2) of section 1501(a); or
''(ii) the application of such requirement would
result in a barrier to the enrollment of qualifying
women;
''(B) the State involved provides assurances that
the State will, on an annual basis, demonstrate to the
Secretary the manner in which the State will use such
waiver to maintain or expand the level of screening and
follow-up services provided immediately prior to the
waiver, and provide documentation of compliance with
such maintenance or expansion requirement;
''(C) the State involved submits to the Secretary a
plan for maintaining the level of activities carried
out under the waiver after the expiration of the
waiver;
''(D) the Secretary finds that granting such a
waiver to a State will not reduce the number of women
in the State that receive each of the services or
activities described in paragraphs (1) and (2) of
section 1501(a), including making available screening
procedures for both breast and cervical cancers; and
''(E) the Secretary finds that granting such a
waiver to a State will not adversely affect the quality
of each of the services or activities described in
paragraphs (1) and (2) of section 1501(a).
''(2) Duration of waiver.--
''(A) In general.--In granting waivers under
paragraph (1), the Secretary--
''(i) shall grant such waivers for a period
of 2 years; and
''(ii) upon request of a State, may extend
a waiver for an additional 2-year period in
accordance with subparagraph (B).
''(B) Additional period.--The Secretary, upon the
request of a State that has received a waiver under
paragraph (1), shall, at the end of the 2-year waiver
period described in subparagraph (A), review
performance under the waiver and may extend the waiver
for an additional 2-year period if the Secretary
determines that--
''(i)(I) without an extension of the
waiver, there will be a barrier to the
enrollment of qualifying women; or
''(II) the State requesting such extended
waiver will use the waiver to leverage private
funds to supplement the services or activities
described in paragraphs (1) and (2) of section
1501(a);
''(ii) the waiver has not, and will not,
reduce the number of women in the State that
receive the services or activities described in
paragraphs (1) and (2) of section 1501(a);
''(iii) the waiver has not, and will not,
result in lower quality in the State of the
services or activities described in paragraphs
(1) and (2) of section 1501(a); and
''(iv) the State has maintained the average
annual level of State fiscal expenditures for
the services and activities described in
paragraphs (1) and (2) of section 1501(a) for
the 2 years for which the waiver was granted at
a level that is not less than the level of the
State fiscal expenditures for such services and
activities for the year preceding the first
year for which the waiver is granted.
''(3) Reporting requirements.--The Secretary shall include
as part of the evaluations and reports required under section
1508, the following:
''(A) A description of the total amount of dollars
leveraged annually from private entities in States
receiving a waiver under paragraph (1) and how these
amounts were used.
''(B) With respect to States receiving a waiver
under paragraph (1), a description of the percentage of
the grant that is expended on providing each of the
services or activities described in--
''(i) paragraphs (1) and (2) of section
1501(a); and
''(ii) paragraphs (3) through (6) of
section 1501(a).
''(C) A description of the number of States
receiving waivers under paragraph (1) annually.
''(D) With respect to States receiving a waiver
under paragraph (1), a description of--
''(i) the number of women receiving
services under paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) of
section 1501(a) in programs before and after
the granting of such waiver; and
''(ii) the average annual level of State
fiscal expenditures for the services and
activities described in paragraphs (1) and (2)
of section 1501(a) for the year preceding the
first year for which the waiver was granted.
''(4) Limitation.--Amounts to which a waiver applies under
this subsection shall not be used to increase the number of
salaried employees.
''(5) Definitions.--In this subsection:
''(A) Indian tribe.--The term 'Indian tribe' has
the meaning given the term in section 4 of the Indian
Health Care Improvement Act (25 U.S.C. 1603).
''(B) Tribal organization.--The term 'tribal
organization' has the meaning given the term in section
4 of the Indian Health Care Improvement Act.
''(C) State.--The term 'State' means each of the
several States of the United States, the District of
Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, American
Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana
Islands, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, the
Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of Palau,
an Indian tribe, and a tribal organization.'';
(3) in section 1508--
(A) in subsection (a), by striking ''evaluations of
the extent to which'' and all that follows through the
period and inserting: ''evaluations of--
''(1) the extent to which States carrying out such programs
are in compliance with section 1501(a)(2) and with section
1504(c); and
''(2) the extent to which each State receiving a grant
under this title is in compliance with section 1502, including
identification of--
''(A) the amount of the non-Federal contributions
by the State for the preceding fiscal year,
disaggregated according to the source of the
contributions; and
''(B) the proportion of such amount of non-Federal
contributions relative to the amount of Federal funds
provided through the grant to the State for the
preceding fiscal year.''; and
(B) in subsection (b), by striking ''not later than
1 year after the date on which amounts are first
appropriated pursuant to section 1509(a), and annually
thereafter'' and inserting ''not later than 1 year
after the date of the enactment of the National Breast
and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program
Reauthorization of 2006, and annually thereafter''; and
(4) in section 1510(a)--
(A) by striking ''and'' after ''$150,000,000 for
fiscal year 1994,''; and
(B) by inserting '', $225,000,000 for fiscal year
2007, $245,000,000 for fiscal year 2008, $250,000,000
for fiscal year 2009, $255,000,000 for fiscal year
2010, and $275,000,000 for fiscal year 2011'' before
the period at the end.

Passed the House of Representatives December 9 (legislative
day, December 8), 2006.

Attest:

KAREN L. HAAS,

Clerk.

Output: National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program Reauthorization Act of 2006 - Amends the Public Health Service Act to change from 2000 to 2020 the target year for achieving the objectives established by the Secretary of Health and Human Services for reductions in the rate of mortality from breast and cervical cancer in the United States for the committee coordinating Public Health Service activities.

Directs the Secretary to establish a demonstration project which allows the Secretary, acting through the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), to waive requirements for awarding breast and cervical cancer grants that require 60% of grant funds to be spent on screening and referrals for medical treatments and no more than 40% to be spent on other activities for not more than five states, if: (1) the state involved will use the waiver to leverage private funds to supplement screening and referral services or the application of such requirements would result in a barrier to the enrollment of women; (2) the state involved provides assurance that the state will annually demonstrate how it will use the waiver to maintain or expand the level of screening and follow-up services provided; (3) the state involved submits to the Secretary a plan for maintaining the level of activities carried out under the waiver after the expiration of the waiver; (4) the Secretary finds that granting such a waiver to a state will not reduce the number of women in the state who receive such services, including screening for both breast and cervical cancers; and (5) the Secretary finds that granting such a waiver to a state will not adversely affect the quality of such services. Requires the Secretary to grant such waivers for a period of two years. Allows the Secretary to extend a waiver, upon request of a state, for additional two-year periods if the Secretary reviews performance under the waiver and finds that the waiver requirements are and have been met.

Requires the Secretary to include as part of the evaluations of the activities carried out pursuant to breast and cervical cancer grants: (1) the total amount of dollars leveraged annually from private entities in states receiving a waiver and how these amounts were used; (2) for states receiving a waiver, the percentages of the grant expended on screening and referral services and on other services or activities; (3) the number of states receiving waivers annually; (4) the number of women receiving screening and referral services in programs before and after the granting of a waiver; (5) the average annual level of state fiscal expenditures for such services for the year preceding the grant of the waiver; and (6) the amount of non-federal contributions by the state according to source and the proportion of non-federal funds to federal funds. Prohibits the use of amounts to which a waiver applies to increase the number of salaried employees.

Authorizes appropriations for breast and cervical cancer grants from FY2007-FY2011.

Input: Consider Input: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Rail Safety Act of 1996''.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

For purposes of this Act, the following definitions shall apply:
(1) Administrator.--The term ''Administrator'' means the
Administrator of the Federal Railroad Administration.
(2) Passenger cab car.--The term ''passenger cab car''
means the leading cab car on a passenger train that does not
have a locomotive or safety locomotive at the front of the
train.
(3) Safety locomotive.--The term ''safety locomotive''
means a cab-car locomotive (whether operational or not) that is
used at the front of a rail passenger train to promote
passenger safety.
(4) Secretary.--The term ''Secretary'' means the Secretary
of Transportation.
(5) Train employee.--The term ''train employee'' has the
same meaning as in section 21101(5) of title 49, United States
Code.

SEC. 3. HOURS OF SERVICE.

(a) In General.--
(1) Regulations.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in consultation with the
Administrator, shall promulgate regulations concerning
limitations on duty hours of train employees that contain--
(A) requirements concerning hours of work for train
employees and interim periods available for rest that
are no less stringent than the applicable requirements
under section 21103 of title 49, United States Code, as
in effect on the day before the effective date of
subsection (b); and
(B) any other related requirements that the
Secretary determines to be necessary to protect public
safety.
(2) Negotiated rulemaking.--
(A) In general.--In promulgating regulations under
this subsection, the Secretary shall use negotiated
rulemaking, unless the Secretary determines that the
use of that process is not appropriate.
(B) Procedures for negotiated rulemaking.--If the
Secretary determines under subparagraph (A) that
negotiated rulemaking is appropriate, the Secretary, in
consultation with the Administrator, shall carry out
the negotiated rulemaking in accordance with the
procedures under subchapter III of chapter 5 of title
5, United States Code.
(b) Repeal.--
(1) In general.--Section 21103 of title 49, United States
Code, is repealed.
(2) Effective date.--This subsection shall take effect on
the date on which the Secretary promulgates final regulations
under subsection (a).

SEC. 4. SATELLITE-BASED TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEMS.

(a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
of this Act, the Secretary, acting through the Administrator, shall
conduct a study to determine the feasibility of requiring satellite-
based train control systems to provide positive train control for
railroad systems in the United States by January 1, 2001.
(b) Time Frame for Operation; Automated Train Control Systems.--
(1) Regulations to cover impracticability of satellite-
based train control systems.--Subject to paragraph (3), if,
upon completion of the study conducted under subsection (a),
the Secretary, acting through the Administrator, determines
that the installation of an effective satellite-based train
control system referred to in subsection (a) could not be
accomplished practicably by January 1, 2001, the Secretary
shall promulgate regulations to require, as soon as practicable
after the date of promulgation of the regulations, the use of
automated train control technology that is available on that
date.
(2) Regulations to cover practicability of satellite-based
train control systems.--
(A) In general.--Subject to paragraph (3), if upon
completion of the study conducted under subsection (a),
the Secretary, acting through the Administrator,
determines that the installation of an effective
satellite-based train control system referred to in
subsection (a) could be accomplished practicably by
January 1, 2001, the Secretary, in consultation with
the Administrator, shall promulgate regulations to
require, as soon as practicable after the date of
promulgation of the regulations, the use of automated
train control technology that is available on that
date.
(B) Waivers.--If the appropriate official of a
railroad system establishes, to the satisfaction of the
Secretary, and in a manner specified by the Secretary,
that the railroad system will have in operation a
satellite-based train control system by January 1,
2001, the Secretary shall issue a waiver for that
railroad system to waive the application of the
regulations promulgated under subparagraph (A) for that
railroad system, subject to terms and conditions
established by the Secretary.
(3) Conditions.--In promulgating regulations under this
subsection, the Secretary, in consultation with the
Administrator, shall provide for any exceptions or conditions
that the Secretary, in consultation with the Administrator,
determines to be necessary.
(4) Monitoring.--
(A) In general.--If the Secretary issues a waiver
for a railroad system under paragraph (2)(B), the
railroad system shall, during the period that the
waiver is in effect, provide such information to the
Secretary as the Secretary, acting through the
Administrator, determines to be necessary to monitor
the compliance of the railroad system with the
conditions of the waiver, including information
concerning the progress of the railroad system in
achieving an operational satellite-based train control
system.
(B) Revocation of waivers.--If, at any time during
the period that a waiver issued under paragraph (2)(B)
is in effect, the Secretary determines that the
railroad system issued the waiver is not meeting the
terms or conditions of the waiver, or is not likely to
have in operation a satellite-based train control
system by January 1, 2001, the Secretary shall revoke
the waiver.

SEC. 5. AUTOMATIC TRAIN ESCAPE DEVICE STUDY.

(a) Study.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
this Act, the Secretary, acting through the Administrator, shall
conduct a study of the technical, structural, and economic feasibility
of automatic train escape devices.
(b) Report.--Upon completion of the study conducted under this
section, the Secretary, acting through the Administrator, shall--
(1) prepare a report that contains the findings of the
study; and
(2) submit a copy of the report to the appropriate
committees of the Congress.
(c) Regulations.--If, by the date specified in subsection (a), the
Secretary makes a determination (on the basis of the findings of the
study) that automatic train escape devices should be required on rail
passenger trains, the Secretary, in consultation with the
Administrator, shall, not later than 180 days after such date,
promulgate regulations to require automatic train escape devices on
rail passenger trains as soon as practicable after the date of
promulgation of the regulations.

SEC. 6. LOCOMOTIVE FUEL TANKS.

(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in consultation with the
Administrator, shall establish, by regulation, minimum safety standards
for fuel tanks of locomotives of rail passenger trains that take into
consideration environmental protection and public safety.
(b) Applicability.--The Secretary, in consultation with the
Administrator, may limit the applicability of the regulations
promulgated under subsection (a) to new locomotives (as defined by the
Secretary, in consultation with the Administrator) if the Secretary
determines that the limitation is appropriate.

SEC. 7. PASSENGER CAR CRASH-WORTHINESS.

(a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
of this Act, the Secretary, in consultation with the Administrator,
shall determine whether to promulgate regulations, for the purpose of
protecting public safety, to--
(1) require crash posts at the corners of rail passenger
cars;
(2) require safety locomotives on rail passenger trains;
(3) establish minimum crash-worthiness standards for
passenger cab cars; or
(4) carry out any combination of paragraphs (1) through
(3).
(b) Regulations.--If, the Secretary, acting through the
Administrator, determines that promulgating any of the regulations
referred to in subsection (a) are necessary to protect public safety,
the Secretary, in consultation with the Administrator, shall, not later
than 180 days after such date, promulgate such regulations in final
form, to take effect as soon as practicable after the date of
promulgation of the regulations.
(c) Report.--If the Secretary determines under subsection (a) that
taking any action referred to in paragraphs (1) through (3) of such
subsection is not necessary to protect public safety, not later than
the date of the determination, the Secretary shall submit a report to
the appropriate committees of the Congress that provides the reasons
for the determination.

SEC. 8. SIGNAL PLACEMENT.

(a) Study.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
this Act, the Secretary, acting through the Administrator, shall
conduct a study of the placement of rail signals along railways. In
conducting the study, the Secretary, acting through the Administrator,
shall determine whether regulations should be promulgated to require--
(1) that a signal be placed along a railway at each exit of
a rail station; and
(2) if practicable, that a signal be placed so that it is
visible only to the train employee of a train that the signal
is designed to influence.
(b) Regulations.--If, upon completion of the study conducted under
subsection (a), the Secretary determines that the regulations referred
to in that subsection are necessary for the protection of public
safety, the Secretary shall, not later than 180 days after the
completion of the study, promulgate those regulations.
(c) Report.--If, upon completion of the study conducted under
subsection (a), the Secretary determines that promulgating any of the
regulations referred to in subsection (a) is not necessary for the
protection of public safety, not later than the date of completion of
the study, the Secretary shall submit a report to the appropriate
committees of the Congress that provides the reasons for that
determination.
Output: Rail Safety Act of 1996 - Directs the Secretary of Transportation to promulgate regulations concerning limitations on the duty hours of train employees that are no less stringent than similar duty hour requirements under specified existing Federal transportation law, which are hereby repealed.
Directs the Secretary to study: (1) the feasibility of requiring satellite-based train control systems to provide positive train control for railroad systems in the United States by January 1, 2001; and (2) the technical, structural, and economic feasibility of automatic train escape devices. Directs the Secretary, to the extent feasibility is determined, to promulgate regulations requiring installation of such control systems and train escape devices by specified dates.
Directs the Secretary to establish, by regulation, minimum safety standards for fuel tanks of locomotives of rail passenger trains that take into consideration environmental protection and public safety.
Directs the Secretary to determine, and report to the appropriate congressional committees, whether to promulgate regulations for public safety purposes to: (1) require crash posts at the corners of rail passenger cars; (2) require safety locomotives on rail passenger trains; (3) establish minimum crash-worthiness standards for passenger cab cars; or (4) carry out any combination of the above.
Directs the Secretary to: (1) study whether to promulgate regulations requiring placement of rail signals along railways in specified positions; and (2) promulgate such regulations if the requirement is determined necessary. Requires a report to the Congress if such placement is determined unnecessary.