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SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Enhanced Security Clearance Act of
2014''.

SEC. 2. ENHANCING GOVERNMENT PERSONNEL SECURITY PROGRAMS.

(a) Definitions.--In this section--
(1) the term ''covered individual'' means an individual who
has been determined eligible for access to classified
information or eligible to hold a sensitive position; and
(2) the term ''periodic reinvestigations'' means
investigations conducted for the purpose of updating a
previously completed background investigation--
(A) every 5 years in the case of--
(i) eligibility for access to top secret
information or access to a highly sensitive
program; or
(ii) eligibility to hold a special
sensitive or critical sensitive position;
(B) every 10 years in the case of--
(i) eligibility for access to secret
information; or
(ii) eligibility to hold a noncritical
sensitive position; or
(C) every 15 years in the case of eligibility for
access to confidential information.
(b) Resolution of Backlog of Overdue Periodic Reinvestigations.--
(1) In general.--The Director of National Intelligence
shall develop and implement a plan to eliminate the backlog of
overdue periodic reinvestigations of covered individuals.
(2) Requirements.--The plan developed under paragraph (1)
shall--
(A) use a risk-based approach to--
(i) identify high-risk populations; and
(ii) prioritize reinvestigations that are
due or overdue to be conducted; and
(B) use random automated record checks (consistent
with the requirements of paragraph (3)) of covered
individuals that shall include all covered individuals
in the pool of individuals subject to a one-time check.
(3) Automated record checks.--An automated record check
with respect to a covered individual shall use and examine
comprehensive sources of information, including--
(A) publicly available online electronic
information regarding such individual, including blogs,
microblogs, forums, news Web sites, and picture and
video sharing Web sites;
(B) publicly available social media data regarding
such individual, including pictures, videos, posts, or
comments;
(C) information relating to criminal or civil legal
proceedings applicable to such individual;
(D) public news article, press reports, or media
clippings which detail relevant security or
counterintelligence information; and
(E) financial information relating to the covered
individual, including the credit worthiness of the
covered individual.
(c) Enhanced Security Clearance Programs.--Part III of title 5,
United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

''Subpart J--Enhanced Personnel Security Programs

''CHAPTER 110--ENHANCED PERSONNEL SECURITY PROGRAMS

''Sec.
''11001. Enhanced personnel security programs.
''Sec. 11001. Enhanced personnel security programs
''(a) Definitions.--In this section--
''(1) the term 'agency' has the meaning given that term in
section 3001 of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism
Prevention Act of 2004 (50 U.S.C. 3341);
''(2) the term 'consumer reporting agency' has the meaning
given that term in section 603 of the Fair Credit Reporting Act
(15 U.S.C. 1681a);
''(3) the term 'covered individual' means an individual who
has been determined eligible for access to classified
information or eligible to hold a sensitive position;
''(4) the term 'enhanced personnel security program' means
a program implemented by an agency at the direction of the
Director of National Intelligence under subsection (b); and
''(5) the term 'periodic reinvestigations' means
investigations conducted for the purpose of updating a
previously completed background investigation--
''(A) every 5 years in the case of--
''(i) eligibility for access to top secret
information or access to a highly sensitive
program; or
''(ii) eligibility to hold a special
sensitive or critical sensitive position;
''(B) every 10 years in the case of--
''(i) eligibility for access to secret
information; or
''(ii) eligibility to hold a noncritical
sensitive position; or
''(C) every 15 years in the case of eligibility for
access to confidential information.
''(b) Enhanced Personnel Security Program.--The Director of
National Intelligence shall direct each agency to implement a program
to provide enhanced security review of covered individuals--
''(1) in accordance with this section; and
''(2) not later than the earlier of--
''(A) the date that is 5 years after the date of
enactment of the Enhanced Security Clearance Act of
2014; or
''(B) the date on which the backlog of overdue
periodic reinvestigations of covered individuals is
eliminated, as determined by the Director of National
Intelligence.
''(c) Comprehensiveness.--
''(1) Sources of information.--The enhanced personnel
security program of an agency shall integrate relevant
information from various sources, including government,
publicly available, and commercial data sources, consumer
reporting agencies, social media, and such other sources as
determined by the Director of National Intelligence.
''(2) Types of information.--Information obtained and
integrated from sources described in paragraph (1) may
include--
''(A) information relating to any criminal or civil
legal proceeding;
''(B) financial information relating to the covered
individual, including the credit worthiness of the
covered individual;
''(C) public information, including news articles
or reports, that includes relevant security or
counterintelligence information about the covered
individual;
''(D) publicly available electronic information, to
include relevant security or counterintelligence
information on any social media Web site or forum,
blog, microblog, picture or video sharing Web site and
other public online content that may suggest ill
intent, vulnerability to blackmail, compulsive
behavior, allegiance to another country, illegal drug
use, criminal activity, material falsification, change
in ideology, or any other information that may suggest
the covered individual lacks good judgment, reliability
or trustworthiness; and
''(E) data maintained on any terrorist or criminal
watch list maintained by any agency, State or local
government, or international organization.
''(d) Reviews of Covered Individuals.--
''(1) Reviews.--
''(A) In general.--The enhanced personnel security
program of an agency shall require that, not less than
2 times every 5 years, the head of the agency shall
conduct or request the conduct of automated record
checks and checks of information from sources under
subsection (c) to ensure the continued eligibility of
each covered individual employed or contracted with by
the agency, unless more frequent reviews of automated
record checks and checks of information from sources
under subsection (c) are conducted on the covered
individual.
''(B) Scope of reviews.--Except for a covered
individual who is subject to more frequent reviews to
ensure the continued eligibility of the covered
individual, the reviews under subparagraph (A) shall
consist of random or aperiodic checks of covered
individuals, such that each covered individual is
subject to at least 2 reviews during the 5-year period
beginning on the date on which the agency implements
the enhanced personnel security program of an agency,
and during each 5-year period thereafter.
''(C) Individual reviews.--A review of the
information relating to the continued eligibility of a
covered individual under subparagraph (A) may not be
conducted until after the end of the 120-day period
beginning on the date the covered individual receives
the notification required under paragraph (3).
''(2) Results.--The head of an agency shall take
appropriate action if a review under paragraph (1) finds
relevant information that may affect the continued eligibility
of a covered individual.
''(3) Information for covered individuals.--The head of an
agency shall ensure that each covered individual employed by
the agency or a contractor of the agency is adequately advised
of the types of relevant security or counterintelligence
information the covered individual is required to report to the
head of the agency.
''(4) Limitation.--Nothing in this subsection shall be
construed to affect the authority of an agency to determine the
appropriate weight to be given to information relating to a
covered individual in evaluating the continued eligibility of
the covered individual.
''(5) Guidance for minor financial or mental health
issues.--The Director of National Intelligence shall issue
guidance defining minor financial or mental health issues, in
accordance with this section and any direction from the
President.
''(6) Authority of the president.--Nothing in this
subsection shall be construed as limiting the authority of the
President to direct or perpetuate periodic reinvestigations of
a more comprehensive nature or to delegate the authority to
direct or perpetuate such reinvestigations.
''(e) Audit.--
''(1) In general.--Beginning 2 years after the date of
implementation of the enhanced personnel security program of an
agency under subsection (b), the Inspector General of the
agency shall conduct at least 1 audit to assess the
effectiveness and fairness, which shall be determined in
accordance with performance measures and standards established
by the Director of National Intelligence, to covered
individuals of the enhanced personnel security program of the
agency.
''(2) Submissions to the dni.--The results of each audit
conducted under paragraph (1) shall be submitted to the
Director of National Intelligence to assess the effectiveness
and fairness of the enhanced personnel security programs across
the Federal Government.''.
(d) Technical and Conforming Amendment.--The table of chapters for
part III of title 5, United States Code, is amended by adding at the
end following:

''Subpart J--Enhanced Personnel Security Programs

''110. Enhanced personnel security programs................ 11001''.
Enhanced Security Clearance Act of 2014 - Requires the Director of National Intelligence (DNI) to implement a plan to eliminate backlogs of overdue periodic reinvestigations of individuals eligible for access to classified information or eligible to hold a sensitive position. Sets forth time intervals within which periodic reinvestigations updating previously completed background investigations are to occur. Requires the DNI to direct specified agencies (executive agencies, military departments, and elements of the intelligence community identified in the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004) to implement enhanced personnel security programs for security reviews of such individuals. Requires implementation of such programs by the earlier of: (1) five years after enactment of this Act, or (2) the date on which the backlog is eliminated. Requires agency programs to integrate information from government, publicly available, and commercial data sources, consumer reporting agencies, and social media. Permits information obtained from such sources to include: (1) security or counterintelligence information on any public online website that may suggest ill intent, vulnerability to blackmail, compulsive behavior, allegiance to another country, illegal drug use, criminal activity, material falsification, change in ideology, or a lack of good judgment, reliability, or trustworthiness; and (2) data maintained on any terrorist or criminal watch list maintained by any agency, state or local government, or international organization. Requires automated record checks at least twice every five years to ensure continued eligibility of individuals employed or contracted with by such agencies. Directs the DNI to issue guidance defining minor financial or mental health issues. Requires inspectors general of such agencies to assess the effectiveness and fairness of agency programs.