Given an abstract, generate a keyword (a noun phrase) that best describes the focus or contribution of the paper. Such keywords can be directly from the given abstract or outside it.

Q: Abstract: A case of bilateral patella tendon rupture in an otherwise healthy 38-year-old man who sustained relatively minor trauma is presented. A flexion moment against a contracted or contracting quadriceps muscle is thought to have been the mechanism of injury. A survey of the literature yielded reports of three other cases of otherwise healthy patients who had had bilateral simultaneous disruption of the patella tendons.

A: Adult
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Q: Abstract: Previous serial measurements of lymphocyte subpopulations in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) have demonstrated periodic reductions in the number of OKT8 positive (T8+) cells. In this longitudinal study, involving twice monthly samples from each participant and carried out in two phases lasting at least six and three months respectively, we have confirmed that fluctuations in T8+ cells occur in patients with MS and also found a significant reduction in this lymphocyte subpopulation in patients' spouses but not their siblings, compared with unrelated controls. The changes observed in spouses were related in time to those occurring in patients on 10/13 occasions from 5/9 families; no temporal relationship occurred in the remainder. Taking two or more low T8+ values as significant, 12/13 patients, 7/9 spouses, 6/13 siblings and 4/13 controls (chi 2 = 12.5; P less than 0.01) were abnormal at some stage. Our results provide indirect evidence for the role of environmental factors in determining certain immunological abnormalities present in patients with MS and illustrate the role of family studies in determining the specificity of these changes to the disease.

A: Adult
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Q: Abstract: A series of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) was raised in mice against Schistosoma mansoni, which recognized a carbohydrate determinant on a major Mr greater than 200,000 schistosomulum surface antigen. These mAb cross-reacted with the surface of cercariae and miracidia and with schistosomula of S. haematobium and S. bovis. Other mAb were generated that only recognized a Mr 20,000 schistosomulum surface antigen; they did not cross-react with eggs or miracidia and were species specific. The anti-Mr 20,000 mAb of the IgG1 isotype exhibited high levels of complement-dependent cytotoxicity to schistosomula in vitro. IgM mAb that recognized carbohydrate epitopes of the Mr greater than 200,000 surface antigen blocked the lethal activity of the anti-Mr 20,000 mAb. The IgM anti-Mr greater than 200,000 mAb also reduced complement-dependent cytotoxicity of serum from mice vaccinated with irradiated cercariae.

A:
Animal
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