Teacher:In this task, you're given an article, a question which often contains a blank, four options (associated with "A", "B", "C", "D") and the answer to that question. Your task is to classify whether the given answer is correct or not by providing "Yes" or "No", based on the article.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Article: Scientists have exactly discovered the set of brain cells involved in making risky decisions, and have been able to control them in rats using targeted light. By changing the activity of the cells they were able to change the behaviour of risk-taking rats to avoid risk, hinting the approach could in future be used to treat people with impulse control problems. Risk-taking is a key part of survival, knowing when to take a chance could pay off--such as moving to a new area to look for food when pickings are slim. While all animals need an element of risk, the preference towards it varies between individuals. Researchers found this variation, which determines how risk-averse an individual is, is regulated by brain cells in a region of the brain called the nucleus accumbens. This cluster of neurons releases the neurotransmitter dopamine, which regulates the brain's reward and pleasure centres. Previous studies have shown that in patients with Parkinson's disease, taking medication which blocks specific dopamine receptors (DR2) leads to increased gambling behaviour and risk taking behaviour. In studies with rats, researchers were able to use a technique called optogenetics --which uses light sensitive proteins to change the activity of cells--to modify cells with DR2 in the nucleus accumbens. Rats were trained to choose one of two levers, offering them a choice between a "safe" or "risky" choice. The safe option resulted in a small, but consistent amount of a sugar water treat. But the risky choice consistently delivered smaller amounts of sugar water, with the occasional large pay off--essentially encouraging the animals to gamble for a bigger prize. Around two-thirds of the animals weren't keen on risk, opting for the safe option, but the remaining third were risk-seekers. Brain scans of the animals showed that those with low levels of DR2 consistently went for the gamble. But using pulses of light to stimulate the DR2 cells and improve their activity could cause the risk-takers to play it safe and opt for the guaranteed but less rewarding option. Once the light-pulses stopped, the risk-takers returned to their gambling strategy. In the _ , stimulating the same cells had little to no effect. Professor Karl Deisseroth, of Stanford University in California, said: "Humans and rats have similar brain structures involved."And we found a drug known to increase risk preference in people had the same effect on the rats. So every indication is that these findings are relevant to humans. "Risky behavior has its moments where it' s valuable. As a species, we wouldn't have come as far as we have without it."
Question: The variation in people's preference towards risks is directly regulated by _ .
Options: (A) nucleus accumbens (B) light sensitive proteins (C) neurons (D) dopamine
Asnwer: B
Student:
No