In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
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Question: Context: To determine whether testosterone levels change as women with the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) grow older.', 'A follow-up cross-sectional study of a cohort of women with PCOS identified up to 20-25 years ago.', 'Women with PCOS were recruited primarily from practice records between 1970 and 1990. Voter registration tapes and household directories were used to identify age-, race-, and neighborhood-matched controls.', 'Eighty-four women with PCOS, 20-57 years of age, and 37 age-matched controls participating in a study of the risk for cardiovascular disease in women with PCOS.', 'Clinical data were collected by questionnaire and fasting blood samples were obtained randomly throughout the menstrual cycle.', 'Total and non-SHBG-bound testosterone levels.', 'Total and non-SHBG-bound testosterone levels were similar in women with PCOS who were 20-42 years of age but were reduced by approximately 50% among women 42-47 years of age and remained stable in women older than 47 years of age. Testosterone levels were increased in younger and older women with PCOS compared with controls but were similar to controls in women 42-47 years of age.\Question: Do serum testosterone levels decrease in middle age in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome?

Answer: Hyperandrogenism partly resolves before menopause in women with PCOS. This change may explain the tendency of women with PCOS to cycle regularly as they grow older. Testosterone levels remain elevated in older women with PCOS, however, and may contribute to their increased risk for cardiovascular disease, endometrial cancer, and other diseases.

Question: Context: During reactive hyperemia, the brachial artery in some individuals constricts prior to dilation. Our aim was to describe the frequency of high-flow-mediated constriction (H-FMC) in adults, and its relationship to body composition and biomarkers of cardiovascular and metabolic risk.', 'Two hundred forty-six adults (124 male, 122 female; 367 years old) were assessed for H-FMC via sonographic imaging of the brachial artery. Blood pressure, glucose, insulin, lipids, and body composition assessed via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry were collected. H-FMC was characterized as a 10-second average of maximal postocclusion constriction. Independent t test was used to compare H-FMC versus non-H-FMC individuals.', 'H-FMC was observed in approximately 69% of adult participants (54 obese, 57 overweight, and 59 normal weight). Total body mass (82.317.5 versus 76.316.3 kg, p=0.012), fat mass (27.711.5 versus 23.810.5 kg, p=0.012), body mass index (27.74.9 versus 26.15.0 kg/m\Question: Is high-flow-mediated constriction in adults influenced by biomarkers of cardiovascular and metabolic risk?

Answer: Increased body mass, fat mass, and body mass index were associated with a greater H-FMC. When H-FMC was present, the FMD response to reactive hyperemia was significantly lower. Because H-FMC has been observed to negatively affect FMD response to reactive hyperemia, we suggest that H-FMC should be noted when analyzing and interpreting FMD data. H-FMC may be an ancillary measure of endothelial health. ©️ 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2016.

Question: Context: Primary graft dysfunction caused by ischemia-reperfusion injury is one of the most frequent causes of early morbidity and death after lung transplantation. We hypothesized that the perioperative management with aprotinin decreases the incidence of allograft reperfusion injury and dysfunction after clinical lung transplantation.', "Lung transplant databases of two transplant centers were used to investigate the incidence of severe post-transplant reperfusion injury (PTRI). We examined data of 142 patients who underwent either single lung (81) or bilateral sequential lung (61) transplantation for COPD, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, and miscellaneous lung disorders between 1997 and 2000. Thirty patients were excluded due to heart-lung transplantation or lung transplantation for Eisenmenger's disease, re-transplantation, rejection, or deviation from the standardized triple immunosuppression protocol. The data of remaining 112 patients (control group, 64% single lung, 36% sequential bilateral lung transplants) were compared to the prospectively collected data of 59 lung transplant patients over the last 5 years. All of these 59 patients were managed perioperatively with aprotinin infusion. In addition, Euro-Collins-aprotinin procurement solution (Apt-EC group) was used for 50 donor lungs (58% single lung, 42% sequential bilateral lung transplants). Aprotinin in combination with low-potassium dextran (LPD) flush solution (Apt-LPD group) was used for the procurement of 34 lungs (59% single lung, 41% sequential bilateral lung transplants). The International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) grade III injury score was used for the diagnosis of severe PTRI, which is based on a PaO(2)-FIO(2) ratio of less than 200 mmHg.", 'Severe reperfusion injury grade III was observed in 18% of the control group. ECMO support was required in 25% of these patients. The associated mortality rate was 40%. Correlating factors for PTRI were donor age greater than 35 years (45%, p=0.01, mean age 38+/-8) and recipient pulmonary artery systolic pressure greater than 60 mmHg (48%, p<0.05). Lung graft ischemic times (231+/-14 min) and intraoperative techniques (cardiopulmonary bypass in 12%) were not associated with negative outcomes. Despite longer ischemic times (258+/-36 min and 317+/-85 min, respectively) and older donors (42+/-12 years and 46+/-12 years, respectively) in the aprotinin patient groups (Apt-EC and Apt-LPD group), the incidence of PTRI was markedly lower (6% and 9%, respectively). There was no mortality in the Apt-EC group and one patient died in the Apt-LPD group due to PTRI-induced graft failure.\Question: Does aprotinin decrease reperfusion injury and allograft dysfunction in clinical lung transplantation?

Answer:
Severe PTRI increased short-term morbidity and mortality. The incidence of reperfusion injury was not dependent upon the duration of donor organ ischemia. The use of aprotinin in the perioperative patient management in lung transplantation had strong beneficial effects on the patient outcomes and decreased the incidence of post-transplant ischemia-reperfusion injury significantly.