In one sentence, describe what the following article is about: Horses are social creatures, and every herd has an alpha stallion that the other horses follow and won't bite. Your horse biting you may be a sign of disrespect, a way of saying he is in charge instead of you. A good way to establish yourself is to keep his head front and center when you are working around him, including for grooming. If it starts to drift, either away from you or closer to you than you would like, use your hand to push it back where you need it to be for whatever activity you are doing. Pressure on his cheek or neck should get the point across that his head belongs where you want it to be. There are other general ways to make sure your horse respects you. Watch the rest of his body to make sure he is standing where you want him to, and if he is not, push him to move back. If you are riding him, don't let him wander off in directions other than the one you want him to go. If he does that, make him stop, and lead him in your direction, not his. If he is a young colt, or has been allowed to misbehaved in the past, you will probably need to do these things several times for him to get the message. Keep your responses consistent, and he will learn. The most common sign for aggression in a horse is for him to pin his ears back. You may also see other signs of nervousness or discomfort with the pinned ears like lowering his head, or stamping his feet. If your horse looks like he is in a bad or aggressive mood, be prepared to reprimand him, or step away so he doesn't have the opportunity to bite. A number of different things can cause aggression in horses. Usually, it is a sign of unease, which come from being in an unfamiliar location, meeting new people or horses, or even boredom. In general, it is best to remove your horse from a situation where he begins acting aggressively. Otherwise, try to keep his day busy and activities varied to prevent boredom and encourage good social behavior with other horses. When you brush or groom your horse, he will try to groom you with his mouth in return. If he turns his head to you, stop brushing to let him know that he does not need to reciprocate with you. If he gets aggressive turning his head toward you, use your hand to push him back, and stop brushing until he turns forward again. Because of where their eyes are, horses can't see in front of their mouth. They may use their teeth to get a feel for where they are, and start biting. Hand-feeding like this also lets your horse get too comfortable with his mouth on or near your hands, making a bite too tempting. He is also more likely to become aggressive if someone doesn't give him the food he is expecting. If lots of people interact with your horse (say at a riding barn), and have been hand-feeding him, have them stop immediately. You don't want the horse associating hand-feeding with others. This will make him more likely to bite as he gets frustrated with new people that don't feed him. This is especially true if they are being hand-fed by people who don't know what they are doing. Your horse may go through an aggressive period where he won't understand why he isn't being fed, but that will pass as long as you are consistent with this new treatment. This is useful for teething horses, so they always have something to chew on. Without it, they will gnaw on the wood in their stables, and be more willing to bite you to deal with the irritating feel.
Summary: Establish yourself as the leader. Watch for aggressive body language. Don't let your horse groom you. Don't hand-feed your horse. Leave hay in the stable.

Problem: Article: You've already learned all you need to know to pronounce the letters in this word. Here are some words to read, pronunciations in Mid-Atlantic American dialect, and definitions: ham (khaawm): home ln (lan): loan (short ae) ndre (naad-rey): snake (long ae) pipor (pee-poar): pepper slim (sleeem): slime snoru (snoa-roo): daughter-in-law ruh (roookh): shaggy mys (mos): mouse (long y) At the beginning or end of words, these are pronounced "unvoiced" as in father, sight, and thick. When they show up between vowels or other voiced sounds, these are "voiced," pronounced as in vulture, zoo, and that. If you haven't guessed it already, any sound made with your vocal chords is "voiced," and any sound made with just an airy breath is "voiceless." Try these examples: fedan (feeydan): to feed lufu (loovoo): love slidan (sleeedan): to slide mesan (meeyzan): a dining table p (paath): path (pronounce th as in path) leer (leytheyr): leather (pronounce th as in leather) As mentioned earlier, g and c can be pronounced in different ways. It's not always possible to tell which pronunciation to use without looking it up, but here's a guide that works for many words: C is usually a "k" sound before a consonant, or when next to a back vowel (a, , o, u, y): clif (kleef) = cliff; staca (sta-ka) = stake; cu (kooo) = cow C is usually a "ch" sound when next to a front vowel (i or e): brec (breeych) = breeches; ceris (cheyrees) = cherry. G is usually a hard "g" sound before a consonant, before a back vowel (a, , o, u, y), and after n: grund (groond) = ground; gat (gaat) = goat; ing (theeng) = thing. G is usually a "y" next to a front vowel (i or e): bodig (boadee-y) = body; segel (sey-yeyl) = sail; gingra (yeengra) = younger. G following a back vowel or consonant (besides n) is pronounced as [], a sound that no longer exists in English. Just use the sound "wa" for now, or practice raising your tongue in a "k" position while saying "ch" as in "loch." These are practically the only combinations of letters that change sound when put together. Any other combination of consonants (no matter how difficult it seems!) is pronounced as it looks. Here are the two exceptions: CG is pronounced as the dg in edge: hrycg (khrodg) = ridge SC is pronounced as the sh in show: scinu (shee-noo) = shin
Summary:
Practice simple words. Practice your f, s and / sounds. Learn your g and c sounds. Learn cg and sc.