Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Input: Consider Input: Context: To develop a method for quick identification of sun-dried and sulfur-fumigated Cimicifugae Rhizoma by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).', 'The alcoholic and aqueous extracts of sun-dried and sulfur-fumigated Cimicifugae Rhizoma were analyzed and compared by FTIR combined with second derivative infrared spectroscopy.', 'FTIR spectra showed that there were some differences in the positions of infrared absorption peaks and the relative intensities in the alcoholic and aqueous extracts of sun-dried and sulfur-fumigated Cimicifugae Rhizoma, and the second derivative IR spectra clearly enhanced the spectral resolution of their differences. FTIR spectra showed that the new absorption peaks of Cimicifugae Rhizoma appeared and a part of original absorption peaks disappeared after sulfur-fumigation in aqueous extracts, while a lot of new absorption peaks appeared and the intensities of almost all absorption peaks significantly decreased after sulfur-fumigation in alcoholic extracts. Second derivative IR spectra showed that both sun-dried and sulfur-fumigated Cimicifugae Rhizoma extracted by water differed significantly from each other ranging from about 3 950 to 3 940 cm(-1), 3 850 to 3 800 cm(-1), 1 800 to 1 750 cm(-1), as well as from 1 400 to 1 350 cm(-1); Differences also existed between sun-dried and sulfur-fumigated Cimicifugae Rhizoma extracted by ethanol ranging from about 3 980 to 3 960 cm(-1), 3 850 to 3 800 cm(-1), and 1 500 to 1 460 cm(-1).
Answer: The FTIR method combined with the second derivative IR spectrum can be used to analyze and distinguish sun-dried and sulfur-fumigated Cimicifugae Rhizoma quickly and accurately. The developed method provides an efficient approach for the quality control of Chinese herbal medicines with its simplicity and strong specificity.

Output: Do [ Quick identification and discrimination of sun-dried and sulfur-fumigated cimicifugae rhizoma by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ]?

Input: Consider Input: Context: Immunologic abnormalities have been found in bipolar disorder but pentraxin 3, a marker of innate immunity, has not been studied in this population.', 'Levels of pentraxin 3 were measured in individuals with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and non-psychiatric controls. Linear regression models were used to compare the pentraxin 3 levels in each of the psychiatric groups to that in the control group, adjusting for demographic and clinical variables. Logistic regression models were used to calculate the odds ratios associated with levels of pentraxin 3 which differed from specified levels of the control group.', 'The sample consisted of 831 individuals: 256 with bipolar disorder, 309 with schizophrenia, and 266 without a psychiatric disorder. The levels of pentraxin 3 in the bipolar disorder, but not in the schizophrenia, group were significantly lower than those of controls, adjusting for age, gender, race, maternal education, smoking status, and body mass index (t = -3.78, p < 0.001). The individuals with bipolar disorder also had significantly increased odds of having low levels of pentraxin 3 relative to both the 10th and 25th percentile level of the controls and significantly decreased odds of having a level greater than the 75th and the 90th percentile level of the controls, adjusting for the same covariates.
Answer: Individuals with bipolar disorder have low levels of pentraxin 3 which may reflect impaired innate immunity. An increased understanding of the role of innate immunity in the etiopathogenesis of bipolar disorder might lead to new modalities for the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder.

Output: Is pentraxin 3 reduced in bipolar disorder?

Input: Consider Input: Context: Visit-to-visit variability in low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) was found to be a novel predictor of adverse cardiac events. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), an emerging cardiovascular risk factor, is characterized by sympathetic activation and increased oxidative stress which are regulators of LDL-C metabolism. We hypothesized that OSA was associated with LDL-C variability.', 'We prospectively recruited 190 patients with coronary artery disease for an overnight sleep study. Statin was prescribed upon discharge for 186 patients. Serum LDL-C levels were measured at clinic every 3 to 6months. Severity of OSA (on the basis of apnea-hypopnea index (AHI)) was correlated with visit-to-visit LDL-C variability (on the basis of variation independent of mean (VIM)) in outpatient clinic.', "The mean AHI was 21.918.9. Using an AHI cut-off of 5-14.9, 15-29.9, and 30, the prevalence of mild, moderate, and severe OSA was 26.3, 18.9, and 27.4%, respectively. After 53.225.3months, LDL-C was recorded over 8.14.2 measurements. VIM positively correlated with AHI (Pearson's r=0.183, p=0.016), but not body mass index, baseline and mean follow-up LDL-C levels, and number of LDL-C measurements. In multiple linear regression analysis, AHI remained an independent predictor of VIM after adjusting for diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia. A 10-unit rise in AHI led to a 3.8% increase in VIM (95% CI 0.1 to 7.4%; p=0.044).
Answer: This is the first study to show the independent correlation between OSA severity and visit-to-visit LDL-C variability. Our finding contributes to the understanding of the vasculopathic effects of OSA.
Output: Is obstructive sleep apnea associated with visit-to-visit variability in low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in patients with coronary artery disease?