Problem: Article: You summon a creature by looking at its casting cost, which is usually a circled number followed by a specific color of mana either white, blue, black, red, or green. In order to summon a creature, you need to produce mana equivalent to the card's casting cost. Take a look at the card above. You'll notice a "1" followed by a white mana symbol the white sun. In order to summon this particular card, you need to have enough lands to produce one mana of any color, along with one white mana. See if you can't figure out how many mana total, and which specific kinds, it takes to summon the following card: The first card, "Sylvan Bounty," costs 5 colorless mana mana of any kind you want along with one green mana mana produced by a forest, for a total of six mana. The second card, "Angelic Shield," costs one white mana mana produced by a Plains along with one blue mana. "Tapping" is how you "use" the mana in lands, or how you attack with creatures. It's denoted by the little right arrow sign. In order to tap, you turn the card sideways. Tapping a card means that you cannot use certain abilities for one turn. If, for example, you tap a card in order to use its ability, it stays tapped until the beginning of your next turn. You can't use its tapping ability again until it is untapped. In order to attack, you need to tap your creature. A creature expends its energy going into battle, causing it to be tapped. You do this unless the card specifically says you should not tap it. (Some cards do not tap when they attack.) You cannot block with a creature that is tapped. When a creature is tapped, it is ineligible to block. When a player chooses to attack another player in combat, attackers and blockers are declared. Attacking creatures are declared first. The defending player then gets to choose which of his or her creatures s/he wishes to use as blockers, along with which attacking creatures s/he wants to block. Let's say that Anathemancer is attacking and Magus of the Moat is blocking. Anathemancer has a power of 2 and a defense of 2. It's a 2/2. Magus of the Moat has a power of 0 and a defense of 3. It's a 0/3. What happens when they square up for battle? The Anathemancer deals 2 damage to the Magus, while the Magus deals 0 damage to the Anathemancer. The 2 damage that the Anathemancer deals to the Magus isn't enough to kill it. The Magus can withstand 3 damage before it gets put in the graveyard. On the flip side, the 0 damage the Magus deals to the Anathemancer isn't enough to kill it. The Anathemancer can withstand 2 before it gets put in the graveyard. Both creatures survive. Much of the time, creatures come with abilities that players get to activate. Using these abilities is much like summoning the creature, in that you need to pay a "cost," in mana, to use them. Look at the following example. Ictian Crier comes with an ability that says: "Put two 1/1 white Citizen creature tokens into play." But there's also some mana signs and text before it. That's the mana cost it takes in order to activate this ability. In order to activate this ability, tap one basic land of any color (that's for the 1 colorless mana), as well as one Plains (that's for the one white mana). Now tap the card itself, Ictian Crier that's for the "tap" sign after the mana requirements. Finally, discard a card from your hand any one will do, but you probably want to discard your least valuable card. Now you get to put two 1/1 Citizen tokens into play. These function as basic 1/1 creatures.
Summary: Understand how to summon a creature or spell. Try another example of how to summon. Understand what tapping and untapping are. Understand how damage is assigned in combat. Understand how to activate certain abilities that creatures, enchantments, and artifacts have.

Problem: Article: Unlike the other methods that require leaving the tree standing, this method involves cutting the tree down, making it the best method for trees blocking a view or any other reason where you want the tree gone immediately. Since you will have to cut the tree down, start by taking every precaution involved with operating the chainsaw and keeping the area where the tree will fall secured. As with the other herbicidal methods, you will need to coat the cuts with glyphosate or triclopyr as soon as the tree has been cut down. Read the herbicide's label before mixing it in a spray bottle prior to cutting down the tree. Wear safety glasses, gloves, and long sleeves before working with the herbicides. For smaller trees, the tree's drop zone is much shallower and easier to work with, but if you're dealing with a larger tree, you will need to take more precautions in cutting it down. For a full explanation of how to cut down the tree safely, check How to Fell a Tree. For large trees, consider hiring a professional to cut down the tree for you. Many people don't realize that cutting down a tree alone does not kill the root system. Often, the root system will send up new sprouts instead. By applying a coating of herbicide to the exposed sapwood in the trunk, you can treat the root system and keep it as well. For smaller trees, you can simply coat the entire cross section of the trunk. For large trees, the hardened middle section of the tree will not absorb any herbicide, so you can simply coat a band of the herbicide around the outermost ring where you can still see the lighter-colored sapwood.
Summary: Take all of the proper safety precautions. Mix the herbicide. Cut down the tree. Apply a coating of the herbicide to the top of the remaining trunk.

Problem: Article: Tuck the sleeves inside the shirt first, so that you have nice, curved edges for the arm holes. Place the shirt on top of the craft foam. Trace around the shirt, including the arm holes, stopping a few inches below each arm pit. This will be the base for your chest plate. If you can't find craft foam, thin, flexible cardboard may also work. Make sure it's white. Stay on the safe side, and add a few extra inches to the top of the shoulders. Test it over your own chest. The top edges should wrap over your own shoulders. The bottom edge should extend a few inches past your armpit. Don't worry about it wrapping all the way around your torso. Make sure that the breast cups are touching each other in the middle (this forms the cleavage). The top edges of the breast cups should be just below the arm pit of the chest plate. The bottom edges will likely hang over the bottom edge of the chest plate. The thinner part of the breasts should be pointing upwards. The thicker, fuller part should be pointing downwards. Once the glue dries, flip the chest plate over. Trim off the excess chest plate until you can see the entire inside of each breast cup again. This will make the breasts more comfortable to wear, especially if you are a girl.
Summary:
Trace the upper part of a t-shirt onto a sheet of white craft foam. Cut the chest plate out. Glue the breast cups to the bottom of your chest plate. Trim off the excess chest plate behind the breast cups.