Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

[Q]: Barrett's esophagus (BE) increases the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). We found the risk to be BE has been associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on chromosome 6p21 (within the HLA region) and on 16q23, where the closest protein-coding gene is FOXF1. Subsequently, the Barrett's and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Consortium (BEACON) identified risk loci for BE and esophageal adenocarcinoma near CRTC1 and BARX1, and within 100 kb of FOXP1. We aimed to identify further SNPs that increased BE risk and to validate previously reported associations.", 'We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify variants associated with BE and further analyzed promising variants identified by BEACON by genotyping 10,158 patients with BE and 21,062 controls.', 'We identified 2 SNPs not previously associated with BE: rs3072 (2p24.1; odds ratio [OR] = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.09-1.18; P = 1.8 10(-11)) and rs2701108 (12q24.21; OR = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.86-0.93; P = 7.5 10(-9)). The closest protein-coding genes were respectively GDF7 (rs3072), which encodes a ligand in the bone morphogenetic protein pathway, and TBX5 (rs2701108), which encodes a transcription factor that regulates esophageal and cardiac development. Our data also supported in BE cases 3 risk SNPs identified by BEACON (rs2687201, rs11789015, and rs10423674). Meta-analysis of all data identified another SNP associated with BE and esophageal adenocarcinoma: rs3784262, within ALDH1A2 (OR = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.87-0.93; P = 3.72 10(-9)).
[A]: Are polymorphisms near TBX5 and GDF7 associated with increased risk for Barrett 's esophagus?

[Q]: Crowdsourcing dietary ratings for food photographs, which uses the input of several users to provide feedback, has potential to assist with dietary self-monitoring.', "This study assessed how closely crowdsourced ratings of foods and beverages contained in 450 pictures from the Eatery mobile app as rated by peer users (fellow Eatery app users) (n = 5006 peers, mean 18.4 peer ratings/photo) using a simple 'healthiness' scale were related to the ratings of the same pictures by trained observers (raters). In addition, the foods and beverages present in each picture were categorized and the impact on the peer rating scale by food/beverage category was examined. Raters were trained to provide a 'healthiness' score using criteria from the 2010 US Dietary Guidelines.", "The average of all three raters' scores was highly correlated with the peer healthiness score for all photos (r = 0.88, p<0.001). Using a multivariate linear model (R(2) = 0.73) to examine the association of peer healthiness scores with foods and beverages present in photos, peer ratings were in the hypothesized direction for both foods/beverages to increase and ones to limit. Photos with fruit, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes, nuts, and seeds (borderline at p = 0.06) were all associated with higher peer healthiness scores, and processed foods (borderline at p = 0.06), food from fast food restaurants, refined grains, red meat, cheese, savory snacks, sweets/desserts, and sugar-sweetened beverages were associated with lower peer healthiness scores.
[A]: Are the use of crowdsourcing for dietary self-monitoring : crowdsourced ratings of food pictures comparable to ratings by trained observers?

[Q]: Cognitive decline is part of the long-term outcome for many individuals with bipolar disorder (BD). The 4 allele (APOE*4) of apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a well-established risk factor for dementia in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, its contribution to the risk of cognitive deterioration in BD has not yet been determined. Our aim was to analyze the APOE genotype association with cognitive status in a sample of older adults with BD and compare this to the association in individuals with AD, individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and healthy controls.", "Participants (n=475) were allocated to four groups: individuals with BD (n=77), those with AD (n=211), those with MCI (n=43), and healthy controls (n=144) according to clinical and neuropsychological assessment. APOE was genotyped by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Tukey's honest significant difference test and Pearson's chi-squared test were used to compare diagnostic groups.", 'Subjects with BD were similar to controls with respect to the distribution of the APOE genotype (p=0.636) and allele frequencies (p=0.481). Significant differences were found when comparing the AD group to the BD group or to controls (APOE genotype: p<0.0002; allele frequencies: p<0.001). APOE*4 was significantly increased in the AD group when compared to the BD group (p=0.031) and controls (p<0.0001). The cognitively impaired BD subgroup (Mini-Mental State Examination below the cutoff score and/or neuropsychological assessment compatible with MCI) had a statistically significant higher frequency of APOE*2 compared to the AD group (p=0.003).
[A]:
Is apolipoprotein E genotype associated with cognitive impairment in older adults with bipolar disorder?