Problem: Article: Transposition codes take your normal message and rearrange the letters according to a simple, agreed upon rule. This type of cipher can be harder to crack than a substitution cipher, because there will be no frequently used words to be found: they'll all be scrambled. Write your message normally. Because you're going to be scrambling the message, you'll need the normal message as a starting place. Choose something simple to start with like, "How are you today" Decide how to rearrange the letters. A simple transposition cipher, for example, might take each letter and place them in reverse order within the word, but not the sentence. "How are you today" would become "woh era uoy yadot". Let your friends know the rearranging order. They'll need to know how you scrambled the words so that they can read your messages. Pick something a little more difficult than just reversing the letters, as the example of "woh era uoy yadot" can be easily cracked. Try using a matrix. Draw large box on a piece of paper and divide it evenly into rows and columns. Write your normal message with one letter written in each smaller box. Your new message will be made by making the vertical columns into sentences instead of the horizontal ones. To decode, your friends will have to make their own grid, write the sentences vertically, then read left to right as normal. This method is a type of transposition cipher, in that the letters are written and arranged up and down a paper instead of straight across, creating a block of text. Be aware that this may be easy to crack, because none of the words are scrambled. Write your message starting in one of the corners of the paper. Make a column up or down from where you started. Write in a straight line all the way to the next edge of the paper. Write the next column when you reach the edge. Once you reach the edge of the first column, start writing the next line in the opposite direction. If you started writing upwards from the bottom left corner, you'll now write in a line going down to the next edge of the page. Repeat for each column. Continue writing your message up and down the paper, like a snake. When looked at by anyone else, they'll only see a block of text that makes no sense when read from left to right. Sign your message with a small snake. Your friends will know how you've written the message and how to read it. Meanwhile, no one else will know what it means.
Summary: Use a simple transposition cipher. Use the snake method.

INPUT ARTICLE: Article: Tell children that all the numbers from 11 to 19 are made up of one ten and a number of additional units. The number 20 is made of two whole tens. Help children visualize this concept by writing the number 11 and, next to it, showing a ten and a single unit, separated by a circle. A ten frame has 10 empty fields, which are filled as you count. You can use coins or other small objects to demonstrate this, and you can also draw it on the board. For a good activity, give each child two ten frames and 20 objects of some kind. Have them create the number 11: one full ten frame, and a second ten frame with just one unit in it. Have them create the other numbers. You can also reverse the process, starting with full ten frames and taking objects away. Show children that you can represent these numbers with dashes and dots: dashes for tens and dots for ones. Demonstrate that the number 15, for example, is made of one dash and five dots. Draw a T on a large piece of paper. The left column represents tens; the right represents ones. Fill the right column with the numbers 1 to 10, in sequence; leave the left column blank. Then: Add representative numbers of objects, such as small cubes, to the ones column: a single cube next to number 1, two cubes next to number 2, and so on. Explain that you could represent a ten with either ten of the small cubes or one larger stick. Fill the tens column with sticks, one by one, and explain how these numbers would work together to create larger numbers.

SUMMARY: Explain the basic concept of tens and units. Introduce ten frames. Try using dashes and dots. Draw a T table.

In one sentence, describe what the following article is about: While some people prefer to to throw an overhead pass with one hand, utilizing both of your hands will make it so you have more control over the ball. Make sure that your thumb is behind the ball and that your fingers are tightly gripping the sides. Use an overhead pass if there is a large distance between you and your teammate, if there is a potential for a break down the court, or you need to pass the ball over defenders' heads. The grip you use on an overhead pass is the same as you'd use for a chest or bounce pass. Lift the ball over your head so that your fingers are pointing towards the ceiling. Your elbows should be pointed forward, in front of you, with your legs slightly bent and your hips squared up. Make sure your dominant foot is slightly behind your other foot. Do not put the ball behind your head. This is the perfect opportunity for the opposing team to steal the ball from behind you. Make sure you have identified your target before bringing the ball up over your head. Release the ball by bringing your arms down and snapping your wrists forward. Keep your elbows in, and aim for the chest of your target. If you need to really get the ball far down the court, a large arc on the ball is good, especially because you want to keep it over defenders heads. If you are closer to your teammate you should limit the arc because it can be easily stolen by a defender. The bigger your step, the more power you put into your pass. For more accuracy, use your wrists, as opposed to your arms.
Summary:
Put a hand on each side of the ball with your fingers spread apart. Bring the ball up over your head. Step forward with your dominant foot and throw the ball.