instruction:
In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.
question:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Terrorism Insurance Backstop
Extension Act of 2005''.

SEC. 2. EXTENSION OF TERRORISM INSURANCE PROGRAM.

(a) Program Years 4 and 5.--Paragraph (11) of section 102 of the
Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002 (15 U.S.C. 6701 note) is amended
by adding at the end the following new subparagraphs:
''(E) Program year 4.--The term 'Program Year 4'
means the period beginning on January 1, 2006 and
ending on December 31, 2006.
''(F) Program year 5.--The term 'Program Year 5'
means the period beginning on January 1, 2007 and
ending on December 31, 2007.''.
(b) Insurer Deductible.--Paragraph (7) of section 102 of the
Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002 (15 U.S.C. 6701 note) is amended--
(1) by redesignating subparagraph (E) as subparagraph (H);
(2) in subparagraph (D), by striking ''and'' at the end;
(3) by inserting after subparagraph (D) the following new
subparagraphs:
''(E) for Program Year 4, the value of an insurer's
direct earned premiums over the calendar year
immediately preceding Program Year 4, multiplied by 15
percent;
''(F) for Program Year 5, the value of an insurer's
direct earned premiums over the calendar year
immediately preceding Program Year 4, multiplied by 20
percent; and'';
(4) in subparagraph (H) (as so redesignated by paragraph
(1) of this subsection)--
(A) by striking ''(D)'' and inserting ''(F)''; and
(B) by striking ''or Program Year 3'' and inserting
''Program Year 3, Program Year 4, or Program Year 5''.
(c) Mandatory Availability.--Subsection (c) of section 103 of the
Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002 (15 U.S.C. 6701 note) is amended--
(1) by striking all of the matter that precedes
subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1) and inserting the following:
''(c) Mandatory Availability.--During the Program, each entity that
meets the definition of an insurer under section 102--'';
(2) by striking paragraph (2); and
(3) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and (B) as
paragraphs (1) and (2) and realigning such paragraphs, as so
redesignated, so as to be indented 2 ems from the left margin.
(d) Insured Loss Shared Compensation.--Subsection (e) of section
103 of the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002 (15 U.S.C. 6701 note)
is amended--
(1) in paragraph (2)(A), by striking ''or Program Year 3''
and inserting '', Program Year 3, Program Year 4, Program Year
5, or the final Program Year'';
(2) in paragraph (3), by striking ''or Program Year 3'' and
inserting '', Program Year 3, Program Year 4, Program Year 5,
or the final Program Year'';
(3) in paragraph (6)--
(A) in subparagraph (B), by striking ''and'' at the
end;
(B) in subparagraph (C) by striking the period at
the end and inserting a semicolon; and
(C) by adding at the end the following new
subparagraphs:
''(D) for Program Year 4, the lesser of--
''(i) $17,500,000,000; and
''(ii) the aggregate amount, for all
insurers, of insured losses during such Program
Year;
''(E) for each of Program Year 5 and the Final
Program Year, the lesser of--
''(i) $20,000,000,000; and
''(ii) the aggregate amount, for all
insurers, of insured losses during such Program
Year; and''; and
(4) in paragraph (7)--
(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ''and (C)''
and inserting ''(C), (D), and (E)''; and
(B) in subparagraphs (B) and (C), by striking ''or
(C)'' each place such term appears and inserting ''(C),
(D), or (E)''.
(e) Coverage of Group Life Insurance.--
(1) In general.--Paragraph (5) of section 102 of the
Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002 (15 U.S.C. 6701 note) is
amended in the matter that precedes subparagraph (A) by
inserting ''or group life'' after ''property and casualty''.
(2) Technical and conforming amendments.--The Terrorism
Risk Insurance Act of 2002 (15 U.S.C. 6701 note) is amended--
(A) in section 102--
(i) in paragraph (1)--
(I) in subparagraph (B)(i), by
inserting ''or group life insurance''
after ''workers' compensation''; and
(II) in subparagraph (B)(ii), by
inserting ''and group life insurance''
after ''property and casualty
insurance'';
(ii) in paragraph (4)--
(I) by inserting ''or for group
life insurance'' after ''property and
casualty insurance''; and
(II) by striking ''paragraph (5)''
and inserting ''paragraph (6)'';
(iii) in paragraph (5), by inserting ''and
group life insurance'' after ''workers'
compensation''; and
(iv) in paragraph (6)--
(I) in subparagraph (A)(i), by
inserting ''property and casualty or
group life'' after ''excess'';
(II) in subparagraph (B), by
inserting ''or group life insurance
coverage'' after ''property and
casualty insurance coverage'';
(v) by redesignating paragraphs (5) through
(16) as paragraphs (6) through (17),
respectively; and
(vi) by inserting after paragraph (4), the
following new paragraph:
''(5) Group life insurance.--The term 'group life
insurance' means an insurance contract that provides term life
insurance coverage, accidental death coverage, or a combination
thereof, for a number of persons under a single contract, on
the basis of a group selection of risks.'';
(B) in section 103--
(i) in subsection (b)(1), by inserting
''(including a named beneficiary in the case of
a group life insurance policy)'' before the
second comma;
(ii) in subsection (c)--
(I) in paragraph (1) (as so
redesignated by subsection (c)(3) of
this section), by inserting ''and group
life'' after ''property and casualty'';
and
(II) in paragraph (2) (as so
redesignated by subsection (c)(3) of
this section), by inserting ''and group
life'' after ''property and casualty'';
(iii) in subsection (e)--
(I) in paragraph (6), by striking
''For'' and inserting ''Except as
provided in subparagraph (F) of this
paragraph, for'';
(II) in paragraph (6), by inserting
after subparagraph (E) (as added by
subsection (d)(3)(C) of this section)
the following new subparagraph:
''(F) for each of the periods referred to in
subparagraphs (A) through (E), the amounts provided
under such subparagraphs, as such amounts shall be
increased by the Secretary before the expiration of the
90-day period beginning on the date of the enactment of
the Terrorism Insurance Backstop Extension Act of 2005,
based on the increase in the size of the Program caused
by the inclusion of group life insurance pursuant to
such Act, in proportion to the increased premiums
involved.'';
(III) in paragraph (7)(C), by
inserting ''or group life insurance''
after ''workers compensation'';
(IV) in paragraph (8)(A)(i), by
inserting ''and group life'' after
''property and casualty''; and
(V) in paragraph (8), by inserting
''or group life'' after ''property and
casualty'' each place such term appears
in subparagraphs (A)(iii) and (C); and
(iv) by striking subsection (h);
(C) in section 105(c), by inserting ''or group
life'' after ''property and casualty''; and
(D) in section 108(d)(1), by inserting ''and the
group life insurance industry'' after ''property and
casualty insurance industry''.
(3) Required rulemaking.--Not later than 90 days after the
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the
Treasury shall issue final regulations to carry out this
subsection.
(f) Study on Long-Term Solutions.--Section 103 of the Terrorism
Risk Insurance Act of 2002 (15 U.S.C. 6701 note) is amended by striking
subsection (i) and inserting the following new subsection:
''(h) Study on Long-Term Solutions.--By September 1, 2005, the
Secretary shall conduct a study and submit a report to the Congress on
alternatives for expanding the availability and affordability of
terrorism insurance after the termination of the Program that do not
involve a Federal financial backstop.''.
(g) Termination of Program.--
(1) Termination.--Subsection (a) of section 108 of the
Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002 (15 U.S.C. 6701 note) is
amended by striking ''December 31, 2005'' and inserting
''December 31, 2007''.
(2) Final gao study and report.--Subsection (d) of section
108 of the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002 (15 U.S.C. 6701
note) is amended by adding at the end the following new
paragraph:
''(3) Final gao study and report.--The Comptroller General
of the United States shall conduct an assessment of the matters
referred to in paragraph (1) and shall submit a report to the
Congress, not later than June 30, 2007, on the results of such
study.''.

SEC. 3. FINAL PROGRAM YEAR.

(a) Definition.--Paragraph (11) of section 102 of the Terrorism
Risk Insurance Act of 2002 (15 U.S.C. 6701 note), as amended by the
preceding provisions of this Act, is further amended by adding at the
end the following new subparagraph:
''(G) Final program year.--The term 'Final Program
Year' means the period beginning on January, 1, 2008
and ending on December 31, 2008.''. ''.
(b) Insured Losses.--Paragraph (5) of section 102 of the Terrorism
Risk Insurance Act of 2002 (15 U.S.C. 6701 note) is amended by adding
after and below subparagraph (B) the following new sentence:
''With respect to the Final Program Year, such term means only
such losses as are described in the preceding sentence that are
covered by primary or excess property and casualty insurance or
group life insurance, that is issued before January 1, 2008,
and expires not later than December 31, 2008; except that the
Secretary may exclude from insured losses for the Final Program
Year losses covered by a policy for such insurance if the
Secretary determines that the primary purpose in establishing
the particular term of the policy was obtaining compensation
under the Program for losses covered by the policy.''.
(c) Insurer Deductible.--Paragraph (7) of section 102 of the
Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002 (15 U.S.C. 6701 note), as amended
by the preceding provisions of this Act, is further amended by
inserting after subparagraph (F) the following new subparagraph:
''(G) for the Final Program Year, the value of an
insurer's direct earned premiums for the terms
remaining under any policies for insurance described in
the last sentence of paragraph (5) as of the occurrence
of the act of terrorism during such Year that results
in insured losses, as determined by the Secretary,
multiplied by 20 percent; and''.
answer:
Terrorism Insurance Backstop Extension Act of 2005 - Amends the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002 to define: (1) the term "Program Year 4" as the period from January 1, 2006, through December 31, 2006; and (2) the term "Program Year 5" as the period from January 1, 2007, from December 31, 2007 (thereby extending the terrorism risk insurance program from 2005 through 2007).

Sets a deadline for the Secretary of the Treasury to make a final determination regarding: (1) the availability of group life insurance to both insurers and consumers; and (2) whether certain provisions of the Act shall be applied to providers of group life insurance.

Sunsets the Terrorism Risk Insurance Program after December 31, 2007.

Details the treatment of insured losses and the insurer deductible for the Final Program Year (January 1, 2008, through December 31, 2008).

question:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Broadband Adoption Act of 2015''.

SEC. 2. BROADBAND LIFELINE ASSISTANCE PROGRAM.

Section 254(j) of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 254(j))
is amended to read as follows:
''(j) Lifeline Assistance.--
''(1) In general.--Nothing in this section, other than
paragraph (2) of this subsection, shall affect the collection,
distribution, or administration of the Lifeline program of the
Commission set forth under sections 54.400 through 54.417 of
title 47, Code of Federal Regulations, or any successor
thereto.
''(2) Broadband lifeline assistance program.--
''(A) Definitions.--In this paragraph--
''(i) the term 'broadband Internet access
service' has the meaning given that term under
section 8.11(a) of title 47, Code of Federal
Regulations, or any successor thereto;
''(ii) the terms 'duplicative support' and
'qualifying low-income consumer' have the
meanings given those terms in section 54.400 of
title 47, Code of Federal Regulations, or any
successor thereto;
''(iii) the term 'Lifeline program' means
the Lifeline program of the Commission set
forth under sections 54.400 through 54.417 of
title 47, Code of Federal Regulations, or any
successor thereto; and
''(iv) the term 'participating broadband
Internet access service provider' means a
provider of broadband Internet access service
that elects to participate in the Lifeline
program to provide broadband Internet access
service to qualifying low-income consumers
under the final rule adopted under subparagraph
(C)(i).
''(B) Purpose.--The purpose of this paragraph is to
promote the adoption of broadband Internet access
service by all people of the United States while
recognizing that the price of broadband Internet access
service is one of the barriers to adoption for low-
income households.
''(C) Establishment.--
''(i) In general.--Not later than 270 days
after the date of enactment of the Broadband
Adoption Act of 2015, the Commission shall
adopt a final rule establishing Lifeline
support under the Lifeline program for
broadband Internet access service to enable
qualifying low-income consumers in urban and
rural areas to purchase broadband Internet
access service at reduced charges by
reimbursing participating broadband Internet
access service providers for each such consumer
served.
''(ii) Model.--The final rule adopted under
clause (i) shall provide that a qualifying low-
income consumer may elect to apply Lifeline
support under the Lifeline program to basic
telephone service, voice telephony service, or
broadband Internet access service, regardless
of whether the service is purchased as a stand-
alone service or as part of a bundle of
services.
''(iii) Digital literacy program.--The
Commission shall consider providing a
preference to a participating broadband
Internet access service provider that includes
components involving digital literacy programs
as part of the offerings of the participating
broadband Internet access service provider.
''(D) State funds.--The Commission shall consult
with the Federal-State Joint Board instituted under
subsection (a)(1) regarding ways to encourage States to
develop programs that would work in conjunction with
the Lifeline program.
''(E) Amount of support.--
''(i) In general.--In calculating the
amount of Lifeline support to be provided to
each qualifying low-income consumer under the
final rule adopted under subparagraph (C)(i),
the Commission shall routinely study--
''(I) the prevailing market price
for broadband Internet access service;
''(II) the prevailing speed of
broadband Internet access service
adopted by households; and
''(III) the prevailing broadband
usage patterns of residential
consumers.
''(ii) Information.--In carrying out clause
(i), the Commission shall rely on information
that--
''(I) the Commission routinely
collects; or
''(II) is publicly available.
''(F) Technology neutral.--
''(i) In general.--To promote competition
from service providers to qualify under the
Lifeline program, the Commission shall ensure
that the final rule adopted under subparagraph
(C)(i) is neutral as to the types of technology
used to provide voice telephony or broadband
Internet access service under the Lifeline
program.
''(ii) Authorization.--A participating
broadband Internet access service provider--
''(I) shall not be required to be
an eligible telecommunications carrier
(as designated under section 214(e)) to
receive support under the Lifeline
program; and
''(II) shall obtain authorization
from the Commission in order to
participate in the Lifeline program.
''(G) Accountability.--
''(i) Nonduplication.--The final rule
adopted under subparagraph (C)(i) shall
incorporate regulations of the Commission in
effect on the date of enactment of this Act
that prevent the receipt of duplicative support
under the Lifeline program.
''(ii) Preventing waste, fraud, or abuse.--
In promulgating regulations to carry out this
paragraph, the Commission shall consider any
appropriate measures to prevent any waste,
fraud, or abuse in the administration of the
Lifeline program.
''(iii) Eligibility.--The Commission, in
consultation with other relevant Federal
agencies, shall establish a national database
to determine qualifying low-income consumer
eligibility for Lifeline program subsidies.
''(H) Evaluation reports.--Not later than 1 year
after the Commission adopts the final rule under
subparagraph (C)(i), and every year thereafter, the
Commission shall conduct an evaluation and issue a
report on the performance of the Lifeline program
during the 12-month period preceding the date on which
each report is issued.
''(I) GAO study.--Not later than 1 year after the
Commission adopts the final rule under subparagraph
(C)(i), the Comptroller General of the United States
shall conduct a study and issue a report on the
performance of the Lifeline support provided under the
Lifeline program for broadband Internet access service.
''(3) Clarification of authority.--Nothing in this section
shall be construed to limit the authority of the Commission
under any other provision of law, including the authority to
promulgate regulations to promote the adoption of broadband
service by low-income households in the United States.''.
answer:
Broadband Adoption Act of 2015 Amends the Communications Act of 1934 to direct the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to adopt a final rule establishing support under the Universal Service Fund Lifeline Assistance Program for qualifying low-income consumers in urban and rural areas to purchase broadband Internet access service at reduced charges by reimbursing participating providers for each such consumer served. Requires the program to allow qualifying consumers to elect to apply support from the Lifeline program to basic telephone service, voice telephony service, or broadband Internet access service, regardless of whether the service is purchased as a stand-alone service or in a bundle. Directs the FCC to consult with the federal-state joint board on universal service regarding ways to encourage states to develop programs in conjunction with the Lifeline program. Requires the program to be technology neutral to promote competition from service providers. Requires participating broadband Internet access service providers to obtain FCC authorization to participate in the Lifeline program, but a provider is not required to be an eligible telecommunications carrier to receive support under the program. Directs the FCC to: (1) adopt regulations to prevent receipt of duplicative support under the Lifeline program, and (2) establish a national database to determine consumer eligibility.

question:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Personal Access to Continued
Education Act of 2003''.

SEC. 2. HOPE SCHOLARSHIP CREDIT MADE REFUNDABLE; REPEAL OF LIFETIME
LEARNING CREDIT.

(a) Hope Credit To Be Refundable.--Section 25A of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to Hope and Lifetime Learning credits)
is hereby moved to subpart C of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 of
such Code (relating to refundable credits) and inserted after section
35.
(b) Repeal of Lifetime Learning Credit.--Subsection (a) of section
36 of such Code (as moved by subsection (a) and redesignated by
subsection (c)) is amended by striking ''the sum of--'' and all that
follows and inserting '' the Hope Scholarship Credit.''.
(c) Technical Amendments.--
(1) Section 36 of such Code is redesignated as section 37.
(2) Section 25A of such Code (as moved by subsection (a))
is redesignated as section 36.
(3) Section 36 of such Code (as redesignated by paragraph
(2)) is amended as follows:
(A) Such section is amended by striking subsection
(c) and redesignating subsections (d) through (i) as
subsections (c) through (h), respectively.
(B) Subsection (f)(2)(A) of such section (as
amended by subparagraph (A)) is amended by striking
''(b), (c), and (d)'' and inserting ''(b) and (c)''.
(C) Subsection (g)(2)(A) of such section (as
amended by subparagraph (A)) is amended by striking
''subsection (d)(2)'' and inserting ''subsection
(c)(2)''.
(4) Paragraph (1) of section 36(a) of such Code (as
redesignated by paragraph (2)) is amended by striking ''this
chapter'' and inserting ''this subtitle''.
(5) Subparagraph (B) of section 72(t)(7) of such Code is
amended by striking ''section 25A(g)(2)'' and inserting
''section 36(f)(2)''.
(6) Subparagraph (A) of section 135(d)(2) of such Code is
amended by striking ''section 25A'' and inserting ''section
36''.
(7) Section 221(e) of such Code is amended--
(A) in paragraph (2)(B), by striking ''section
25A(g)(2)'' and inserting ''section 36(f)(2)'' and by
striking ''section 25A(f)(2)'' and inserting ''section
36(e)(2)'', and
(B) in paragraph (3), by striking ''section
25A(b)(3)'' and inserting ''section 36(b)(3)''.
(8) Section 222 of such Code is amended--
(A) in subsection (c)(2)(A) by striking ''section
25A'' and inserting ''36'', and
(B) in subsection (d)(1)--
(i) by striking ''section 25A(f)'' and
inserting ''section 36(e)'', and
(ii) by striking ''section 25A(g)(2)'' and
inserting ''36(f)(2)''.
(9) Section 529 of such Code is amended--
(A) in subsection (c)(3)(B)(v)(I) by striking
''section 25A(g)(2)'' and inserting ''section
36(f)(2)'',
(B) in subsection (c)(3)(B)(v)(II) by striking
''section 25A'' and inserting ''section 36'', and
(C) in subsection (e)(3)(B)(i) by striking
''section 25A(b)(3)'' and inserting ''section
36(b)(3)''.
(10) Section 530(d) of such Code is amended--
(A) in paragraph (2)(C)(i)(I) by striking ''section
25A(g)(2)'' and inserting ''section 36(f)(2)'',
(B) in paragraph (2)(C)(i)(II) by striking
''section 25A'' and inserting ''section 36'', and
(C) in paragraph (4)(B)(iii) by striking ''section
25A(g)(2)'' and inserting ''section 36(f)(2)''.
(11) Subsection (e) of section 6050S of such Code is
amended by striking ''section 25A (without regard to subsection
(g)(2) thereof)'' and inserting ''section 36 (without regard to
subsection (f)(2) thereof)''.
(12) Subparagraph (J) of section 6213(g)(2) of such Code is
amended by striking ''section 25A(g)(1)'' and inserting
''section 36(f)(1)''.
(13) Paragraph (2) of section 1324(b) of title 31, United
States Code, is amended by inserting ''or 36'' after ''section
35''.
(14) The heading for section 36 of such Code is amended to
read as follows:

''SEC. 36. HOPE SCHOLARSHIP CREDIT.''.

(15) The table of sections for subpart C of part IV of
subchapter A of chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986
is amended by striking the item relating to section 36 and
inserting the following:

''Sec. 36. Hope and Lifetime Learning
credits.
''Sec. 37. Overpayments of tax.''
(16) The table of sections for subpart A of such part IV is
amended by striking the item relating to section 25A.
(d) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall
apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2004.

SEC. 3. EXPANSION OF HOPE SCHOLARSHIP CREDIT.

(a) Eligible Student.--Paragraph (3) of section 36(b) of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as amended by section 2) is amended to
read as follows:
''(3) Eligible student.--For purposes of this section--
''(A) In general.--Except as provided in
subparagraph (B), the term 'eligible student' means,
with respect to any academic period, a student who
meets the requirements of section 484(a)(1) of the
Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1091(a)(1)), as
in effect on the date of the enactment of this section.
''(B) Special rule for job skills courses.--In the
case of any course of instruction at an eligible
educational institution to acquire or improve job
skills of the individual, such term means the
individual.''.
(b) Repeal of Limitations Relating to Credit Allowed Only for First
2 Years of Postsecondary Education and Convictions for Certain
Offenses.--Paragraph (2) of section 36(b) of such Code (as amended by
section 2) is amended by striking subparagraphs (C) and (D).
(c) Increase in Credit Amount.--
(1) In general.--Paragraph (1) of section 36(b) of such
Code (as amended by section 2) is amended--
(A) in subparagraph (A) by striking ''$1,000'' and
inserting ''$1,500'', and
(B) in subparagraph (B) by striking ''applicable
limit'' and inserting ''$2,500''.
(2) Inflation adjustment.--Subparagraph (A) of section
36(h)(1) of such Code (as amended by section 2) is amended--
(A) by striking ''2001'' and inserting ''2005'',
and
(B) by striking ''$1,000'' and inserting
''dollar''.
(d) Hope Scholarship Credit Not Reduced by Federal Pell Grants and
Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grants.--Subsection (f) of section
36 of such Code (as amended by section 2) is amended by adding at the
end the following new paragraph:
''(8) Pell and seog grants.--For purposes of the Hope
Scholarship Credit, paragraph (2) shall not apply to amounts
paid for an individual as a Federal Pell Grant or a Federal
supplemental educational opportunity grant under subparts 1 and
3, respectively, of part A of title IV of the Higher Education
Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1070a and 1070b et seq.,
respectively).''.
(e) Qualified Tuition and Related Expenses Expanded to Include
Books, Supplies, Equipment, and Job Skill Courses.--
(1) In general.--Paragraph (1) of section 36(e) of such
Code (as amended by section 2)) is amended by adding at the end
the following new subparagraphs:
''(D) Additional expenses allowed for hope
scholarship credit.--For purposes of the Hope
Scholarship Credit, such term shall include fees,
books, supplies, and equipment required for courses of
instruction at the eligible educational institution.
''(E) Job skills courses.--Such term shall include
expenses described in subparagraph (A) (determined
after the application of subparagraphs (B) and (C))
with respect to any course of instruction at an
eligible educational institution to acquire or improve
job skills of the individual.''.
(2) Expanded hope expenses not subject to information
reporting requirements.--Subsection (e) of section 6050S of
such Code (as amended by section 2) is amended by striking
''subsection (f)(2)'' and inserting ''subsections (e)(1)(D) and
(e)(2)''.
(f) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall
apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2004.
answer:
Personal Access to Continued Education Act of 2003 - Amends the Internal Revenue Code to: (1) repeal the Lifetime Learning Credit; (2) make the Hope Credit refundable; (3) increase the Hope Credit; (4) specify that such credit shall not be reduced by either Pell grants or supplemental educational opportunity grants; and (5) allow additional qualifying expenses for such credit, including job skills courses.