input: Make use of the article to answer the questions. No one likes to make mistakes. But a new study says organizations learn more from their failures than from their successes, and keep that knowledge longer.

One of the researchers was Vinit Desai, an assistant professor at the University of Colorado Denver Business School. He worked with Peter Madsen from the Marriott School of Management at Brigham Young University in Utah.

They did not find much long-term "organizational learning" from success. It is possible, they say. But Professor Desai says they found that knowledge gained from failure lasts for years. He says organizations should treat failures as a learning opportunity and not try to ignore them.

The study looked at companies and organizations that launch satellites--and other space vehicles. Professor Desai compared two shuttle flights.

In two thousand two, a piece of insulating material broke off during launch and damaged a rocket on the Atlantis. Still, the flight was considered a success.

Then, in early two thousand three, a piece of insulation struck the Columbia during launch. This time, the shuttle broke apart on re-entry and the seven crew members died. NASA officials suspended all flights and an investigation led to suggested changes.

Professor Desai says the search for solutions after a failure can make leaders more open-minded. He points to airlines as an example of an industry that has learned from failures in the past.

He advises organizations to look for useful information in small failures and failures they avoided. He also urges leaders to encourage the open sharing of information. The study appeared in the Academy of Management Journal.

The mistakes we learn from do not have to be our own. We recently asked people on our Facebook page to tell us a time they had done something really silly.

Fabricio Cmino wrote: Not long ago I wanted to watch TV, but it wouldn't turn on, so I did everything I could to start it. Thirty minutes later my mum showed up and, passing by, said to me "Did you try plugging it'? I'm just dusting, Mum!"So she wouldn't notice how dumb I am sometimes!

Bruno Kanieski da Silva told about a time he looked everywhere for his key. It was in hispocket. He wrote: I always promise I will never do it again, but after-a few weeks,where is mywallet? For sure it will be in a very logical place. 1. What do organizations learn more from than successes?
2. Do they learn more from failures or successes?
3. What do they keep longer as a result?
4. Who was Vinit Desai's research partner?
5. What type of learning did they not find much of?
6. How long does knowledge from failure last?
7. What does Professor Desai say that organizations should treat failures as?
8. What kind of vehicles did the companies the study looked at launch?
9. What year was the Atlantis damaged?
10. How many crew members on the Columbia died?
11. What industry does Professor Desai use as an example of learning from failure?
12. What does he urge leaders to encourage?
13. Where was this study published?
numbered_answers: 1. not much
2. failure
3. knowledge
4. Peter Madsen
5. organizational learning
6. years
7. learning opportunities
8. space vehicles
9. 2002
10. seven
11. the airline industry
12. open sharing of information
13. the Academy of Management Journal.

input: Red is the color at the end of the spectrum of visible light next to orange and opposite violet. Red color has a predominant light wavelength of roughly 620740 nanometres. Red is one of the additive primary colors of visible light, along with green and blue, which in Red Green Blue (RGB) color systems are combined to create all the colors on a computer monitor or television screen. Red is also one of the subtractive primary colors, along with yellow and blue, of the RYB color space and traditional color wheel used by painters and artists.

In nature, the red color of blood comes from hemoglobin, the iron-containing protein found in the red blood cells of all vertebrates. The red color of the Grand Canyon and other geological features is caused by hematite or red ochre, both forms of iron oxide. It also causes the red color of the planet Mars. The red sky at sunset and sunrise is caused by an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering, which, when the sun is low or below the horizon, increases the red-wavelength light that reaches the eye. The color of autumn leaves is caused by pigments called anthocyanins, which are produced towards the end of summer, when the green chlorophyll is no longer produced. One to two percent of the human population has red hair; the color is produced by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin (which also accounts for the red color of the lips) and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin. 1. Where does red come from?
2. What caused sunset?
3. How many percent human has red hair?
4. Is red a primary color?
5. Along with what color?
6. Who need the color chart?
7. Is sunset happened above the horizon? Return numbered answers in your output.

output: 1. end of the spectrum
2. Rayleigh scattering
3. 1-2%
4. yes
5. Blue and yellow
6. painters and artists.
7. No

Q: Jimmy loved watching television. He would wake up and watch Cartoons on Cartoon Network. His favorite cartoon was Scooby Doo. After his mom picked him up at the bus stop, he would go home and watch the Flintstones. One day, his mom told him he was not allowed to watch cartoons after school. He was very sad. She told him he had to go outside to play. He walked into the backyard. Fido was running around. He started to chase him. He picked up a ball and threw it. Fido ran after it and brought it back. Jimmy laughed. He chased after Fido and scratched his back. Maybe being outside wasn't so bad after all! He played with Fido for another hour until his mom called him inside. It was dinner time. Dinner was fried chicken and mashed potatoes-his favorite. He was happy his mom made him go outside. He would go outside every day after school now!

Answer the following questions:
1. Who loved watching television?
2. What would he watch?
3. On which channel?
4. What was his favorite?
5. Who picked him up at the bus stop?
6. What would he do after that?
7. What did his mom tell him one day?
8. Was he sad?
9. What did she tell him to do instead?
10. Where did he go?
11. Who was running around?
12. Who chased him?
13. What did he pick up?
14. Did he throw it?
15. Who ran after it?
A:
1. Jimmy.
2. Cartoons.
3. Cartoon Network.
4. Scooby Doo.
5. His mom.
6. Go home and watch the Flintstones.
7. He was not allowed to watch cartoons after school.
8. Yes.
9. Go outside to play.
10. The backyard.
11. Fido.
12. Jimmy.
13. A ball.
14. Yes.
15. Fido.