Problem: Textual criticism is a branch of textual scholarship, philology, and literary criticism that is concerned with the identification of textual variants in either manuscripts or printed books. Ancient scribes made alterations when copying manuscripts by hand. Given a manuscript copy, several or many copies, but not the original document, the textual critic might seek to reconstruct the original text (the archetype or autograph) as closely as possible. The same processes can be used to attempt to reconstruct intermediate versions, or recensions, of a document's transcription history. The ultimate objective of the textual critic's work is the production of a "critical edition" containing a scholarly curated text.

Many ancient works, such as the Bible and the Greek tragedies,[citation needed] survive in hundreds of copies, and the relationship of each copy to the original may be unclear. Textual scholars have debated for centuries which sources are most closely derived from the original, hence which readings in those sources are correct.[citation needed] Although biblical books that are letters, like Greek plays, presumably had one original, the question of whether some biblical books, like the Gospels, ever had just one original has been discussed. Interest in applying textual criticism to the Qur'an has also developed after the discovery of the Sana'a manuscripts in 1972, which possibly date back to the 78th centuries.
1. Is the Bible ancient?
2. What other works are considered ancient?
3. How many copies do they survive in?
4. is the relationship of copies to the original always clear?
5. What type of scholars debate about the sources?
6. How long have they debated about them?
7. What are they debating about the readings?
8. What presumably had one original souce?
9. Did Greek plays also have one original?
10. Is there a question about how many originals the Gospels had?
11. What type of criticism is there interest in applying to the Qur'an?
12. When did this interest develop?
13. Whose manuscript had been discovered?
14. How far back might it date?
15. Is that earlier or later than when we put a man on the moon?
16. Does Textual criticism concern itself with any books?
17. Who made alterations when they copied manuscripts?
18. How did they make copies?
19. What does the critic want to do to the original text?
20. Can the same process be used for intermediate versions?
Answer: 1. Yes
2. the Greek tragedies
3. hundreds
4. No
5. Textual scholars
6. for centuries
7. which sources are most closely derived from the original
8. biblical books that are letters
9. Yes
10. Yes
11. textual
12. after 1972
13. Sana'a
14. to the 78th centuries.
15. earlier
16. yes
17. Ancient scribes
18. by hand
19. reconstruct it
20. Yes

Problem: Do you remember the game "Telephone"? A message gets passed from person to person, and everyone laughs at how distorted it becomes. As a game, telephone can be fun. In real life, sending messages through third parties fouls things up. It is important for family members who have "business" with other family members to take it up directly.

When tension arises in a relationship between two people, a frequent way of dealing with this is to send messages through a third person. Family doctors refer to the process as 'triangulation". Following a quarrel, a mother may say to her son, "Tell your father to pass the salt", which may be answered by, "Tell your mother to get her own salt." In many long cases of triangulation, the middleman becomes severely disturbed.

Two years ago, Ruth and Ralph Gordon brought their 17-year-old daughter for treatment. Lucille was not doing well in school, using drugs heavily. When I began to work with her, she was uncommunicative and aggressive. After some time, however, she opened up and told me her parents rarely talked to each other, but both used her as a middleman. Mrs. Gordon was sexually unsatisfied and suggested to Lucille that she ask her father to go for marriage advice. Mr. Gordon told Lucille that he was seeing another woman, and he urged Lucille to speak to her mother about improving her behaviour. Caught in this confusing situation, Lucille became more and more troubled. It wasn't until she refused to play middleman that she began to improve. When either parent began to send a message through her, she learned to say, "Tell him/her yourself!"

You'll find that when family members learn to dial each other directly, there's rarely a busy signal or wrong number. With direct dialing, a sense of freshness is created.
1. How old is Lucille?
2. How has Ralph broken his marriage vows?
3. How many classes is the teen getting straight A's in?
4. What kind of occupation does the narrarator have?
5. How did everything get better around the house for the 17 year old?
6. How did the girl initially respond to therapy?
7. What is a long term effect of constantly saying stuff through a third party?
8. What do some practitioners call this method of communication?
9. Would the therapist suggest that one go behind each others' backs to talk?
10. What was the name of Mr. Gordon's girlfriend?
Answer: 1. 17
2. He was seeing another woman,
3. None
4. Therapist
5. She started refusing to be her parents' middleman.
6. She was uncommunicative and aggressive.
7. Middleman becomes severely disturbed.
8. Triangulation
9. No
10. unknown

Problem: London (CNN) -- I remember well the shock when in 2000 Alex Rodriquez signed a 10 year, a quarter of a billion dollar deal ($252 million) to play baseball with the Texas Rangers.

It was beyond reality, and it didn't work out for the Rangers. He was later traded to the Yankees who happily increased the deal. Good for Rodriguez.

But at least he was being paid to work.

Rory McIlroy has now become Nike's poster boy -- certainly there will be a lot of strings attached; but he's not being paid by Nike to swing a club. He'll get millions more to do that.

Read more: Nike unveils Rory McIlroy: Tiger's heir apparent

Good for McIlroy. It's a better deal from Nike than Woods got.

His baseball cap now switches from Titleist to the Nike tick. TV ads have already been shot.

Now, I wonder which stable of Nike's sports stallions will he join?

Will he join Roger Federer and Michael Jordan at causing little or no offenses on or off the field of play?

Will he join Lance Armstrong and one day cause a massive scandal putting his Nike contract in jeopardy?

Or will he join the middle rank of bad boy athletes who's off the field scandals don't cost them their Nike deal; think Kobe Bryant or of course, Tiger Woods.

What's the difference? Lance Armstrong is accused of cheating his fans and his beloved sport and cashed in on that cheating. But remember, Nike actually stood by Armstrong for months in 2012, when all others headed for the exit.
1. Who signed a contract?
2. For how much?
3. For which team?
4. How long was it for?
5. Did he stay 10 years with them?
6. Why not?
7. Where did he end up playing?
8. Did he make good money with them?
9. Who is Rory McIlroy?
10. How much did he make?
11. How doe he relate to Tiger Woods?
12. Who else worked for Nike?
13. Was there anyone else that did?
14. What kind of problems did he cause?
15. Did anyone else cause problems for them?
16. Did they lose their contracts?
17. What else did Lance Armstrong do?
18. How did Nike react to that?
19. What did his other sponsors do?
Answer:
1. Alex Rodriquez
2. $252 million
3. Texas Rangers
4. 10 year
5. N0
6. It was beyond reality
7. Yankees
8. Yes
9. Nike's poster boy
10. millions
11. better
12. Roger Federer and Michael Jordan
13. Lance Armstrong
14. massive scandal
15. Kobe Bryant and Tiger Woods
16. No
17. cheating his fans and sport
18. Nike stood by Armstrong
19. headed for the exit