input: Federalism refers to the mixed or compound mode of government, combining a general government (the central or 'federal' government) with regional governments (provincial, state, Land, cantonal, territorial or other sub-unit governments) in a single political system. Its distinctive feature, exemplified in the founding example of modern federalism of the United States of America under the Constitution of 1789, is a relationship of parity between the two levels of government established. It can thus be defined as a form of government in which there is a division of powers between two levels of government of equal status.

Until recently, in the absence of prior agreement on a clear and precise definition, the concept was thought to mean (as a shorthand) 'a division of sovereignty between two levels of government'. New research, however, argues that this cannot be correct, as dividing sovereignty - when this concept is properly understood in its core meaning of the final and absolute source of political authority in a political community - is not possible. The descent of the United States into Civil War in the mid-nineteenth century, over disputes about unallocated competences concerning slavery and ultimately the right of secession, showed this. One or other level of government could be sovereign to decide such matters, but not both simultaneously. Therefore, it is now suggested that federalism is more appropriately conceived as 'a division of the powers flowing from sovereignty between two levels of government'. What differentiates the concept from other multi-level political forms is the characteristic of equality of standing between the two levels of government established. This clarified definition opens the way to identifying two distinct federal forms, where before only one was known, based upon whether sovereignty resides in the whole (in one people) or in the parts (in many peoples): the federal state (or federation) and the federal union of states (or federal union), respectively. Leading examples of the federal state include the United States, Germany, Canada, Switzerland, Australia and India. The leading example of the federal union of states is the European Union. 1. Is Federalism a straight-forward form of government?
2. What is it?
3. What type of government is a provincial one?
4. How many political systems does it combine regional governments into?
5. When was the Constitution done up?
6. How many levels of government have equal status?
7. What is divided between them?
8. Do those include psychic, alien, or supernatural ones?
9. What is the best example of a federal union?
10. What is united in it?
11. What's an example of an actual federal state?
12. Which else?
13. Any others?
14. What differentiates the concept from other multi-level political forms?
15. Who is it between?
16. When did the United States descend into Civil War?
17. Why?
18. Over what?
19. What was the civil war ultimately about? Return numbered answers in your output.

output: 1. No
2. A mixed or compound mode of government
3. Regional
4. A single one
5. 1789
6. Two
7. Powers
8. unknown
9. The European Union
10. States
11. India
12. Australia
13. United States, Germany, Canada, and Switzerland
14. characteristic of equality
15. Two levels of government
16. In the mid-nineteenth century
17. over disputes
18. about unallocated competences concerning slavery
19. the right of secession

input: CHAPTER XXVIII

A NEW MOVE OF THE ENEMY

"Something is up."

It was Fred who spoke, only a few minutes after Songbird and the sailor in charge of the rowboat had left the side of the steam yacht. He addressed Hans.

"Vot you vos see?" asked the German youth.

"Look!"

Hans looked and beheld Walt Wingate on the deck, in earnest conversation with the mate. The deck hand was not handcuffed as he had been a short while before, when tramping the forward deck for air, by Captain Barforth's permission.

"Carey must haf daken dem handguffs off," said the German youth. "I ton't like dot. Maype dot Vingate make troubles, hey?"

The boys watched, and presently saw Bossermann come up and join the pair. Then Bossermann went below to the engine room. Shortly after this the yacht began to get up steam.

"We're moving!" cried Dora, as she came to the boys, accompanied by Nellie and Grace. "Oh, what does it mean?"

"I don't know," answered Fred.

"Can't you find out, Fred?" asked Nellie. "I am sure the captain said nothing about sailing before he went ashore."

"I'll find out--if the mate will tell me," answered Fred.

He walked over to where the mate stood, close to the wheelhouse, giving directions to the pilot of the _Rainbow_.

"Mr. Carey, where are we bound?" he asked, respectfully.

"Oh, just going to take a little sail around, to test the engine," was the apparent indifferent answer.

"Is the engine out of order?"

"Not exactly, but I thought it best to test the shaft. The assistant engineer thinks it is weak." 1. who said that something was up?
2. who did he ask where they were going?
3. did he ask him anything else?
4. what did he ask?
5. Who asked him to find out where they were headed?
6. who was she with?
7. anyone else?
8. who else was she with?
9. what did dora exclaim?
10. what was moving?
11. was there anyone in the engine room?
12. what was his name?
13. who did fred address?
14. what was his nationality?
15. what did he see on the deck?
16. what was his name?
17. what was his job?
18. Who was the captain?
19. did he mention sailing before going ashore?
20. who was sure that he hadn't? Return numbered answers in your output.

output:
1. Fred
2. Mr. Carey,
3. Yes
4. "Is the engine out of order?"
5. Nellie
6. Dora
7. Yes
8. Grace
9. We're moving!
10. The boat
11. Yes
12. Bossermann
13. Hans
14. German
15. A person
16. Walt Wingate
17. Deck hand
18. Barforth
19. No
20. Nellie