Answer the following question given this paragraph: 17.2 | Mapping Genomes By the end of this section, you will be able to: Define genomics Describe genetic and physical maps Describe genomic mapping methods Genomics is the study of entire genomes, including the complete set of genes, their nucleotide sequence and organization, and their interactions within a species and with other species. Genome mapping is the process of finding the locations of genes on each chromosome. The maps created by genome mapping are comparable to the maps that we use to navigate streets. A genetic map is an illustration that lists genes and their location on a chromosome. Genetic maps provide the big picture (similar to a map of interstate highways) and use genetic markers (similar to landmarks). A genetic marker is a gene or sequence on a chromosome that co-segregates (shows genetic linkage) with a specific trait. Early geneticists called this linkage analysis. Physical maps present the intimate details of smaller regions of the chromosomes (similar to a detailed road map). A physical map is a representation of the physical distance, in nucleotides, between genes or genetic markers. Both genetic linkage maps and physical maps are required to build a complete picture of the genome. Having a complete map of the genome makes it easier for researchers to study individual genes. Human genome maps help researchers in their efforts to identify human disease-causing genes related to illnesses like cancer, heart disease, and cystic fibrosis. Genome mapping can be used in a variety of other applications, such as using live microbes to clean up pollutants or even prevent pollution. Research involving plant genome mapping may lead to producing higher crop yields or developing plants that better adapt to climate change. Q: What term describes a gene or sequence on a chromosome that co-segregates (shows genetic linkage) with a specific trait? A:

OPTIONS:
- nucleic acid chain
- analogous effect
- autosomal
- genetic marker

Answer: genetic marker

Problem: OPTIONS:
- no purpose
- attracting mates
- attracting predators
- warning predators
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Poison dart frogs have toxins in their skin. Their bright colors warn potential predators not to take a bite!. Q: The bright color of poison dart frogs serves what purpose? A:
Answer: warning predators

Problem:OPTIONS:
- regular and irregular
- positive and charged
- negative and neutal
- positive and negative

Answer the following question given this paragraph: An ionic compound contains positive and negative ions. Q: What type of ions do ionic compounds contain? A:
****
A: positive and negative

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Birds have light-weight bones that are filled with air. They also lack a jaw, which in many vertebrates is a dense, heavy bone with many teeth. Instead, birds have a light-weight keratin beak without teeth. Q: Birds have light-weight bones that are filled with what? A:
OPTIONS:
- water
- proteins
- blood
- air
air

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Cell phone signals are carried through the air as microwaves. You can see how this works in the Figure below . A cell phone encodes the sounds of the caller's voice in microwaves by changing the frequency of the waves. This is called frequency modulation. The encoded microwaves are then sent from the phone through the air to a cell tower. From the cell tower, the waves travel to a switching center. From there they go to another cell tower and from the tower to the receiver of the person being called. The receiver changes the encoded microwaves back to sounds. Q: What is the name of the mechanism in which sounds are encoded in microwaves by changing their frequency? A:
OPTIONS:
- molecular modulation
- shape modulation
- mechanical modulation
- frequency modulation

Answer: frequency modulation

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Parthenogenesis Parthenogenesis is a form of asexual reproduction in which an egg develops into an individual without being fertilized. The resulting offspring can be either haploid or diploid, depending on the process in the species. Parthenogenesis occurs in invertebrates such as water fleas, rotifers, aphids, stick insects, and ants, wasps, and bees. Ants, bees, and wasps use parthenogenesis to produce haploid males (drones). The diploid females (workers and queens) are the result of a fertilized egg. Some vertebrate animalssuch as certain reptiles, amphibians, and fishalso reproduce through parthenogenesis. Parthenogenesis has been observed in species in which the sexes were separated in terrestrial or marine zoos. Two female Komodo dragons, a hammerhead shark, and a blacktop shark have produced parthenogenic young when the females have been isolated from males. It is possible that the asexual reproduction observed occurred in response to unusual circumstances and would normally not occur. Q: What is it called when an egg develops into an individual without being fertilized? A:
OPTIONS:
- symbiosis
- abiogenesis
- metamorphosis
- parthenogenesis
output:
parthenogenesis