In this task, you will be presented with a context from an academic paper and you have to write an answerable question based on the context. Your questions can be extractive, abstractive, or yes-no questions.

[EX Q]: The experiment settings from this paper and evaluation protocol for the Mboshi corpus (Boundary F-scores using the ZRC speech reference) are the same from BIBREF8. Table presents the results for bilingual UWS and multilingual leveraging. For the former, we reach our best result by using as aligned information the French, the original aligned language for this dataset. For the multilingual selection experiments, we experimented combining the languages from top to bottom as they appear Table (ranked by performance; e.g. 1-3 means the combination of FR(1), EN(2) and PT(3)). We observe that the performance improvement is smaller than the one observed in previous work BIBREF10, which we attribute to the fact that our dataset was artificially augmented. Lastly, following the methodology from BIBREF8, we extract the most confident alignments (in terms of ANE) discovered by the bilingual models. Table presents the top 10 most confident (discovered type, translation) pairs. Looking at the pairs the bilingual models are most confident about, we observe there are some types discovered by all the bilingual models (e.g. Mboshi word itua, and the concatenation oboa+nga).
[EX A]: How is the performance of the model evaluated?

[EX Q]: Span detector. We adopt a multi-turn answer module for the span detector BIBREF1 . Formally, at time step INLINEFORM0 in the range of INLINEFORM1 , the state is defined by INLINEFORM2 . The initial state INLINEFORM3 is the summary of the INLINEFORM4 : INLINEFORM5 , where INLINEFORM6 . Here, INLINEFORM7 is computed from the previous state INLINEFORM8 and memory INLINEFORM9 : INLINEFORM10 and INLINEFORM11 . Finally, a bilinear function is used to find the begin and end point of answer spans at each reasoning step INLINEFORM12 : DISPLAYFORM0 DISPLAYFORM1

The final prediction is the average of each time step: INLINEFORM0 . We randomly apply dropout on the step level in each time step during training, as done in BIBREF1 .
[EX A]: What is the architecture of the span detector?

[EX Q]: We compare our system to a variety of baselines. (1) Rank by the number of times a citation is mentioned in the document. (2) Rank by the number of times the citation is cited in the literature (citation impact). (3) Rank using Google Scholar Related Articles. (4) Rank by the TF*IDF weighted cosine similarity. (5) Rank using a learning-to-rank model trained on text similarity rankings. The first two baseline systems are models where the values are ordered from highest to lowest to generate the ranking. The idea behind them is that the number of times a citation is mentioned in an article, or the citation impact may already be good indicators of their closeness. The text similarity model is trained using the same features and methods used by the annotation model, but trained using text similarity rankings instead of the author's judgments.
[EX A]:
what were the baselines?