instruction:
Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
question:
Episodic memory enables us to consciously recollect personally experienced past events. Memory performance is reduced in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), an at-risk condition for Alzheimer's disease (AD).", 'We used functional MRI (fMRI) to compare brain activity during memory encoding in 29 healthy elderly subjects (mean age 67.7 (SD 5.4) years) and 21 patients with MCI (mean age 69.7 (SD 7.0) years). Subjects remembered a list of words while fMRI data were acquired. Later, they had to recognise these words among a list of distractor words. The use of an event related paradigm made it possible to selectively analyse successfully encoded items in each individual. We compared activation for successfully encoded words between healthy elderly subjects and patients with MCI.', 'The main intergroup difference was found in the left hippocampus and surrounding medial temporal lobe (MTL) regions for the patients with MCI compared with healthy subjects during successful encoding.
answer:
Is hippocampal activation in patients with mild cognitive impairment necessary for successful memory encoding?

question:
To investigate whether leukocyte count, fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor (vWF) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity (PAI-1) are increased in subjects with the metabolic syndrome as defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATPIII) and the World Health Organisation (WHO).', 'Cross-sectional study.', 'A total of 520 overweight and obese subjects: 379 women and 141 men, visiting the weight management clinic of a University Hospital.', 'Waist circumference, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, blood pressure and fasting glucose were determined, and the presence or absence of the metabolic syndrome according to the NCEP-ATPIII criteria was assessed. In 349 subjects, data on the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and albumin excretion rate were available and the WHO criteria were applied. Insulin resistance was defined using the HOMA-IR index.', 'Subjects with the metabolic syndrome according to the NCEP-ATPIII criteria had significantly higher levels of leukocyte count (P < 0.001) and PAI-1 (P < 0.001), while no significant differences were found for fibrinogen or vWF (P > 0.05). Using the WHO criteria, similar results were found except for vWF, where higher levels were found in subjects with the metabolic syndrome. When subjects were classified according to the number of components of the metabolic syndrome, levels of leukocyte count, vWF and PAI-1 activity were significantly different (P < 0.05). In logistic regression analysis PAI-1, gender and leukocyte count were independent determinants of the metabolic syndrome (P < 0.001).
answer:
Is among inflammation and coagulation markers , PAI-1 a true component of the metabolic syndrome?

question:
To investigate whether our practice of specialist review of all diagnostic biopsies was necessary to prevent misgrading of referred prostate cancer patients, and whether this misclassification, if any, would have resulted in misclassification of clinical risk grouping (Seattle Risk Grouping [SRG]) and subsequent treatment strategy and prognosis.', 'Important prognostic indicators for prostate cancer include the presenting prostate-specific antigen (PSA), clinical stage and Gleason sum of the tumour. These three variables are incorporated into the SRG cohorts to establish treatment strategy. Patients with prostate cancer referred for brachytherapy had their prostate biopsies reviewed by a reference pathologist (PD) with a special interest in prostate cancer. We compared the agreement between the scoring of the referring pathologists with that of PD, and evaluated if any differences changed the SRG and therefore the clinical risk and treatment strategy for the patients.', "In only 52% (43/83) of cases, was there total agreement between the two sets of pathologists. The inter-rater agreement was statistically 'fair' (unweighted kappa statistic 0.27). In 90% (36/40) of cases with disagreement, PD assigned higher Gleason sums. In 40% (16/40) of cases with disagreement, the change in Gleason sum altered the SRG; in one out of 16 cases, the SRG was downgraded from 'intermediate' to 'low' risk disease; in six out of 16 cases, it was upgraded from 'low' to 'intermediate' risk, and, in nine out of 16, from 'intermediate' to 'high' risk.
answer:
Does gleason scoring vary among pathologists and this affects clinical risk in patients with prostate cancer?