[Q]: I read this background article the other day: Because of its temperature, the atmosphere emits infrared radiation. For example, on clear nights Earth's surface cools down faster than on cloudy nights. This is because clouds (H2O) are strong absorbers and emitters of infrared radiation. This is also why it becomes colder at night at higher elevations. I am facing a new situation today: David was visiting Europe last summer. First he visited London. To his dismay, it was overcast all night. Then he flew to Rome. There the sky was as clear as you could get at night. David was very happy about it. Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: In Rome, would less or more infrared radiaton be emitted at night than in London?
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[A]: less
input: Please answer the following: I read this background article the other day: Atmospheric convection is the result of a parcel-environment instability, or temperature difference layer in the atmosphere. Different lapse rates within dry and moist air masses lead to instability. Mixing of air during the day which expands the height of the planetary boundary layer leads to increased winds, cumulus cloud development, and decreased surface dew points. Moist convection leads to thunderstorm development, which is often responsible for severe weather throughout the world. Special threats from thunderstorms include hail, downbursts, and tornadoes. I am facing a new situation today: Burr township is situated on the western side of the ridge, at a lower altitude, and is experiencing atmospheric convection every once in a while, while Jolt township, on the eastern side, has a less windy, less cloudy environment and is situated at a higher altitude. Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Which township is experiencing more tornadoes?
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output: Burr
Please answer this: I read this background article the other day: The epidermis also contains melanocytes , which are cells that produce melanin. Melanin is the brownish pigment that gives skin much of its color. Everyone has about the same number of melanocytes, but the melanocytes of people with darker skin produce more melanin. The amount of melanin produced is determined by heredity and exposure to UV light, which increases melanin output. Exposure to UV light also stimulates the skin to produce vitamin D . Because melanin blocks UV light from penetrating the skin, people with darker skin may be at greater risk of vitamin D deficiency. I am facing a new situation today: John is learning more about different cultures and people around the world. He noticed that people have different skin colors. To learn more about the science behind skin colors he categorized the skin colors into two broad groups, case D and case L. Case D is represented by darker skin and case L is represented by lighter skin. Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Would case L population be at smaller or larger risk of vitamin D deficiency than case D population?
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Answer: smaller
Problem: I read this background article the other day: Generally, nearsightedness first occurs in school-age children. There is some evidence that myopia is inherited. If one or both of your parents need glasses, there is an increased chance that you will too. Individuals who spend a lot of time reading, working or playing at a computer, or doing other close visual work may also be more likely to develop nearsightedness. Because the eye continues to grow during childhood, myopia typically progresses until about age 20. However, nearsightedness may also develop in adults due to visual stress or health conditions such as diabetes. A common sign of nearsightedness is difficulty seeing distant objects like a movie screen or the TV, or the whiteboard or chalkboard in school. I am facing a new situation today: David is a doctor who works for the public health department. After analyzing health data for his city, he found twenty percent of the population have myopia. He categorized them as group A. Another eighty percent didn't have myopia. He put them in group B. He now needs to devise a plan on how to tackle myopia in his city. Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Which group would less likely have parents who need glasses, group A or group B?

A: group B
Problem: Given the question: I read this background article the other day: Hepatitis B is a disease of the liver. It is caused by a virus called hepatitis B, which can be passed through sexual activity. Hepatitis B causes vomiting. It also causes yellowing of the skin and eyes. The disease goes away on its own in some people. Other people are sick for the rest of their lives. In these people, the virus usually damages the liver. It may also lead to liver cancer. Medicines can help prevent liver damage in these people. There is also a vaccine to protect against hepatitis B. I am facing a new situation today: Two friends ate lots of deviled eggs for Easter this year. Danny felt sick and went to the doctor where he found out he had been infected with hepatitis B. Paul was ok and didn't require medical attention. Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Which friend experienced less yellowing of the skin?
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The answer is:
Paul
Problem: I read this background article the other day: During late adulthood, the risk of developing diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer continues to rise. Most people also have a decline in strength and stamina. Their senses may start failing, and their reflex time typically increases. Their immune system also doesn't work as well as it used to. As a result, common diseases like the flu may become more serious and even lead to death. The majority of late adults develop arthritis, and as many as one in four develop Alzheimer's disease. I am facing a new situation today: Mike is a doctor with a local hospital. Today, he is seeing two patients, patient A and patient B. Patient A is in early adulthood, but patient B is in late adulthood. Mike needs to find the differences between the patients to come up with recommendations for them. Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Which patient is less at risk for cancer, patient A or patient B?

A:
patient A