In this task, you will be presented with a context from an academic paper and you have to write an answerable question based on the context. Your questions can be extractive, abstractive, or yes-no questions.

Q: Conditional Random Fields
Conditional Random Fields (CRF) BIBREF10 are a standard approach when dealing with sequential data in the context of sequence labeling. BiLSTM-CRF
Prior to the emergence of deep neural language models, BiLSTM-CRF models BIBREF11 had achieved state-of-the-art results for the task of sequence labeling. Multi-Task Learning
Multi-Task Learning (MTL) BIBREF15 has become popular with the progress in deep learning. BioBERT
Deep neural language models have recently evolved to a successful method for representing text. In particular, Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) outperformed previous state-of-the-art methods by a large margin on various NLP tasks BIBREF17.

A: What baseline systems are proposed?
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Q: Within ICU notes (e.g., text example in top-left box in Figure 2), we first identify all abbreviations using regular expressions and then try to find all possible expansions of these abbreviations from domain-specific knowledge base as candidates.

A: Do they use any knowledge base to expand abbreviations?
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Q: Hausa language is the second most spoken indigenous language in Africa with over 40 million native speakers BIBREF20, and one of the three major languages in Nigeria, along with Igbo and Yoruba. The language is native to the Northern part of Nigeria and the southern part of Niger, and it is widely spoken in West and Central Africa as a trade language in eight other countries: Benin, Ghana, Cameroon, Togo, Cote d'Ivoire, Chad, Burkina Faso, and Sudan. Yoruba language is the third most spoken indigenous language in Africa after Swahilli and Hausa with over 35 million native speakers BIBREF20. The language is native to the South-western part of Nigeria and the Southern part of Benin, and it is also spoken in other countries like Republic of Togo, Ghana, Cote d'Ivoire, Sierra Leone, Cuba and Brazil.

A:
In which countries are Hausa and Yor\'ub'a spoken?
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