[Q]: Tony decided to cook a large amount of pasta for dinner, a meal that contains a high amount of glucose and will stimulate the release of insulin. Tony eats his meal on the couch, while sitting next to his sister Justine. Justine is not eating a meal, and is just quietly watching television. Given the paragraph above, please answer correctly the following question: Who will more likely be expressing a higher amount of genes at that time? Hint: Gene activation leads to other effects, since the protein products of many of the responding genes include enzymes and factors that increase gene expression. Gene expression factors produced as a result of a cascade can turn on even more genes. Therefore one stimulus can trigger the expression of many genes, and this in turn can lead to the activation of many complex events. In a multicellular organism these events include the increased uptake of glucose from the blood stream (stimulated by insulin), and the movement of neutrophils to sites of infection (stimulated by bacterial products). The set of genes and the order in which they are activated in response to stimuli are often called a genetic program.
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[A]: Tony

[Q]: Tom and Jim go running together once a week. This week Jim skipped his warm up before exercising, because he was a bit late. Tom warmed up properly before running. Given the paragraph above, please answer correctly the following question: Which runner had an increased blood flow to the muscles? Hint: Sometimes muscles and tendons get injured when a person starts doing an activity before they have warmed up properly. A warm up is a slow increase in the intensity of a physical activity that prepares muscles for an activity. Warming up increases the blood flow to the muscles and increases the heart rate. Warmed-up muscles and tendons are less likely to get injured. For example, before running or playing soccer, a person might jog slowly to warm muscles and increase their heart rate. Even elite athletes need to warm up ( Figure below ).
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[A]: Tom

[Q]: Two college students both had unprotected sex with different partners. Ben got the HIV virus, while Nate was lucky and was not infected with any diseases. Given the paragraph above, please answer correctly the following question: Which student didn't have a disease without a known cure? Hint: HIV , or human immunodeficiency virus, causes AIDS. AIDS stands for "acquired immune deficiency syndrome." It is a condition that causes death and does not have a known cure. AIDS usually develops 10 to 15 years after a person is first infected with HIV. The development of AIDS can be delayed with proper medicines. The delay can be well over 20 years with the right medicines. Today, individuals who acquire HIV after 50 years of age can expect to reach an average human life span.
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[A]: Nate

[Q]: John is an amateur astronomer. He recently found two stars, star A and star B. Upon observation, he figured out that star A is a blue star, but star B is a red giant. He had to do some research to find out the differences between them. Given the paragraph above, please answer correctly the following question: Which star would have smaller diameter, star A or star B? Hint: As a star begins to run low on hydrogen, since the initial quantity has been fused into the denser helium gas, the core will contract due to gravity. The collapsing core increases temperature to the point that the star can begin to fuse helium into carbon. When that happens, the outer portion of the star expands greatly due to the higher temperature. The star can expand to 1000 times the diameter of the sun. At this point, the star is called a red giant . If our sun became a red giant, its surface would expand out past the orbit of Mars. Red giants are red because the surface of the star is cooler than white or blue stars, but remain highly visible because of their gigantic size.
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[A]:
star A