Answer the following question given this paragraph: No, not all animals have two parents. Sometimes animals can be made from just one parent. This Komodo dragon, for example, only has a mother and reproduces by parthenogenesis. Asexual reproduction is the process of creating offspring from just one parent. Q: Parthenogenis in komodo dragons is an example of what kind of reproduction, whereby offspring are created from just one parent? A:
OPTIONS:
- natural reproduction
- organic reproduction
- benthic reproduction
- asexual reproduction

Answer: asexual reproduction

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The fetus is connected to the placenta through the umbilical cord. Q: What connects the fetus to the placenta? A:
OPTIONS:
- fallopian tube
- microbial cord
- eustachian tube
- umbilical cord
Answer: umbilical cord

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Sometimes these modifications can regulate where a protein is found in the cellfor example, in the nucleus, the cytoplasm, or attached to the plasma membrane. Chemical modifications occur in response to external stimuli such as stress, the lack of nutrients, heat, or ultraviolet light exposure. These changes can alter epigenetic accessibility, transcription, mRNA stability, or translationall resulting in changes in expression of various genes. This is an efficient way for the cell to rapidly change the levels of specific proteins in response to the environment. Because proteins are involved in every stage of gene regulation, the phosphorylation of a protein (depending on the protein that is modified) can alter accessibility to the chromosome, can alter translation (by altering transcription factor binding or function), can change nuclear shuttling (by influencing modifications to the nuclear pore complex), can alter RNA stability (by binding or not binding to the RNA to regulate its stability), can modify translation (increase or decrease), or can change post-translational modifications (add or remove phosphates or other chemical modifications). The addition of an ubiquitin group to a protein marks that protein for degradation. Ubiquitin acts like a flag indicating that the protein lifespan is complete. These proteins are moved to the proteasome, an organelle that functions to remove proteins, to be degraded (Figure 16.14). One way to control gene expression, therefore, is to alter the longevity of the protein. Q: What does ubiquitin indicate about a protein's lifespan? A:
OPTIONS:
- initiation
- transaction
- reaction ratio
- completion
output: completion

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: As cells divide, their chromosomes get shorter. This is because the telomeres, the DNA sequences at both ends of a chromosome, lose material every time the DNA is replicated. The older the animal is, the shorter its telomeres will be, because of the number of cell cycles the cells have been through This is a natural part of aging. So, what happens to the clone if its transferred nucleus is already fairly old? Will the shortened telomeres affect its development or lifespan? The answer is still unclear. But starting a new organisms with "old" DNA with shortened telomeres is bound to have some effects, at least in some clones. Some cloned animals may be affected, others may not. Dolly the sheep's chromosomes did have shorter telomere lengths than normal. This means that Dolly's cells were aging faster than the cells from a normal sheep. Q: What happens to an animal's telomeres as it ages? A:

OPTIONS:
- divide
- lengthen
- multiply
- shorten

A: shorten

input: OPTIONS:
- esophogus
- tongue
- stomach
- mouth Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Figure 23.28 Digestion and Absorption Digestion begins in the mouth and continues as food travels through the small intestine. Most absorption occurs in the small intestine. Q: Where does digestion begin? A:
A:
output: mouth

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Molecular orbital theory describes the distribution of electrons in molecules in much the same way that the distribution of electrons in atoms is described using atomic orbitals. Using quantum mechanics, the behavior of an electron in a molecule is still described by a wave function, , analogous to the behavior in an atom. Just like electrons around isolated atoms, electrons around atoms in molecules are limited to discrete (quantized) energies. The region of space in which a valence electron in a molecule is likely to be found is called a molecular orbital (2). Like an atomic orbital, a molecular orbital is full when it contains two electrons with opposite spin. We will consider the molecular orbitals in molecules composed of two identical atoms (H2 or Cl2, for example). Such molecules are called homonuclear diatomic molecules. In these diatomic molecules, several types of molecular orbitals occur. The mathematical process of combining atomic orbitals to generate molecular orbitals is called the linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO). The wave function describes the wavelike properties of an electron. Molecular orbitals are combinations of atomic orbital wave functions. Combining waves can lead to constructive interference, in which peaks line up with peaks, or destructive interference, in which peaks line up with troughs. Q: Which theory describes the distribution of electrons in molecules in much the same way that the distribution of electrons in atoms is described using atomic orbitals? A:
OPTIONS:
- molecular distribution theory
- atomic orbital theory
- atomic distribution theory
- molecular orbital theory
Answer:
molecular orbital theory