In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

The Tobin effect shows how this phenomenon encourages investors to place their money in real capital projects. Its built-in form comes from adaptive expectations and is part of Gordons triangle model. Tobin and Mundell showed that real economic effects can occur from expectation of this phenomenon, which can lead to inefficiencies from shoe-leather and menu costs. The existence of this phenomenon prevents a liquidity trap. The Fisher hypothesis argues that the real interest rate is independent of this phenomenon, which is measured by changes in the GDP deflator or CPI. For 10 points, name this phenomenon, coming in cost-push and demand-pull varieties, which causes the consumer price index to rise as money becomes devalued.
Social Science