Q: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
This physical phenomenon is widely used in many republics of the former Soviet Union to power radio receivers in remote areas. The discoverer of the effect mistakenly thought that conductors were directly magnetized by the difference in temperature, when, in fact, a thermoelectric potential was being generated between the metals. FTP, name this effect behind the thermocouple, first observed in 1821 by its namesake Russo-German physicist and the inverse of the Peltier effect.
A:
Science