In this task, you are given a part of an article. Your task is to generate headline (title) for this text. Preferred headlines are under fifteen words.

[EX Q]: Automated Essay Scoring (AES) has been quite popular and is being widely used. However, lack of appropriate methodology for rating nonnative English speakers' essays has meant a lopsided advancement in this field. In this paper, we report initial results of our experiments with nonnative AES that learns from manual evaluation of nonnative essays. For this purpose, we conducted an exercise in which essays written by nonnative English speakers in test environment were rated both manually and by the automated system designed for the experiment. In the process, we experimented with a few features to learn about nuances linked to nonnative evaluation. The proposed methodology of automated essay evaluation has yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.750 with the manual evaluation.
[EX A]: Exploring Automated Essay Scoring for Nonnative English Speakers

[EX Q]: Diagnosis of liver infection at preliminary stage is important for better treatment. In today's scenario devices like sensors are used for detection of infections. Accurate classification techniques are required for automatic identification of disease samples. In this context, this study utilizes data mining approaches for classification of liver patients from healthy individuals. Four algorithms (Naive Bayes, Bagging, Random forest and SVM) were implemented for classification using R platform. Further to improve the accuracy of classification a hybrid NeuroSVM model was developed using SVM and feed-forward artificial neural network (ANN). The hybrid model was tested for its performance using statistical parameters like root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The model resulted in a prediction accuracy of 98.83%. The results suggested that development of hybrid model improved the accuracy of prediction. To serve the medicinal community for prediction of liver disease among patients, a graphical user interface (GUI) has been developed using R. The GUI is deployed as a package in local repository of R platform for users to perform prediction.
[EX A]: NeuroSVM: A Graphical User Interface for Identification of Liver Patients

[EX Q]: Many studies on the cost-sensitive learning assumed that a unique cost matrix is known for a problem. However, this assumption may not hold for many real-world problems. For example, a classifier might need to be applied in several circumstances, each of which associates with a different cost matrix. Or, different human experts have different opinions about the costs for a given problem. Motivated by these facts, this study aims to seek the minimax classifier over multiple cost matrices. In summary, we theoretically proved that, no matter how many cost matrices are involved, the minimax problem can be tackled by solving a number of standard cost-sensitive problems and sub-problems that involve only two cost matrices. As a result, a general framework for achieving minimax classifier over multiple cost matrices is suggested and justified by preliminary empirical studies.
[EX A]:
Minimax Classifier for Uncertain Costs