instruction:
In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
question:
When it interacts with ryanodine receptors, this element upregulates its own release, and this compound forms the cell plates of coccolithophores. Stimulation of Gq ("g-sub-q") opens a channel that allows for this ion's movement, and proteins that bind this ion have an EF hand motif. Cellular concentrations of this ion are regulated by IP3. Parafollicular cells of the (*) thyroid produce a compound that reduces the concentration of this ion in blood, and its intestinal absorption requires vitamin D. This ion interacts with Troponin to stimulate muscle contraction, and the lumens of sarcoplasmic reticula have high concentrations of this ion. For 10 points, name this divalent cation that is stored in bones.
answer:
Science

question:
His theories were the basis of Rudolf Dreikurss practical therapy. He argued that the unhappiness of homosexuals stems from failure to meet a social need to reproduce in What Life Could Mean to You. His theory about the personality traits of eldest, second, middle, and youngest children has become conventional wisdom, while his theory of socially useful and antisocial personality types and the struggle between social demands and self-idealization are discussed in 1912s The Neurotic Character. For 10 points, name this founder of individual psychology, who pioneered work on inferiority complexes.
answer:
Social Science

question:
The formation of these compounds shows both a fast and slow relaxation phase, which lead to Aniansson and Wall's stepwise association-dissociation equilibrium model for their formation. Armstrong and Henry developed an HPLC variant that uses them, which analyzes proteins in biological fluids. Milk clotting results from casein forming these structures. One of their properties is determined using steady-state fluorescence quenching; that value is the number of molecules present in one of these structures at their critical concentration, known as the aggregation number. They only form above the Krafft temperature, and inverted ones form in organic solvents and have heads pointed inwards. They are the basis for the action of detergents, and are formed from surfactants. Similar to liposomes, for 10 points, name these spherical structures formed from amphipathic molecules, which have their hydrophobic tails pointing in and heads pointing out.
answer:
Science