instruction:
Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
question:
Pathologic change in Alzheimer disease (AD) begins some years before symptoms. MRS has the potential to detect metabolic abnormalities reflecting this early pathologic change. Presenilin 1 (PS1) and amyloid precursor protein (APP) mutation carriers have a nearly 100% risk of developing AD and may be studied prior to symptom onset.', 'Short echo time proton MR spectra were acquired from a midline posterior cingulate voxel in presymptomatic carriers of PS1 or APP mutations ("presymptomatic mutation carriers" [PMCs]; n = 7) and age- and sex-matched control subjects (n = 6). Ratios of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), myo-inositol (MI), and choline-containing compounds (Cho) to creatine (Cr) were measured and NAA/MI calculated. Regression analyses and t tests were performed after log transformation.', 'PMC and control subjects were matched for age and sex. PMC subjects were 1.7 to 21.6 years (mean 9.8 years) before expected symptom onset, predicted from family-specific mean age at onset. Age did not significantly affect metabolite ratios. Geometric mean ratios in control subjects were as follows: NAA/Cr = 1.75, MI/Cr = 0.59, and NAA/MI = 2.95. NAA/Cr and NAA/MI were significantly reduced in PMC relative to controls (NAA/Cr mean decrease 10% [95% CI 2 to 18%]; NAA/MI mean decrease 25% [95% CI 3 to 44%]). MI/Cr was increased in PMC, but the differences did not achieve significance (19% increase [95% CI 1% decrease to 41% increase]; p = 0.07)). In PMCs, reduction in NAA/MI (p = 0.001) and MI/Cr (p = 0.002) were related to proximity of expected age at onset.
answer:
Does mRS show abnormalities before symptoms in familial Alzheimer disease?

question:
Contralateral groin exploration in children with unilateral inguinal hernia is still controversial, particularly in infants. The patency rate of processus vaginalis is highest in infants but there are few data on the subsequent risk of contralateral hernia development in infants. In this retrospective study, we aimed to find out the incidence of contralateral inguinal hernia following unilateral inguinal herniotomy in infants aged less than one year.', 'All infants who underwent a unilateral Inguinal herniotomy between January 1990 and December 1998 were studied retrospectively. Infants with bilateral hernia (n = 7) were excluded from the study.', 'One hundred and one infants (93 boys and 8 girls) were studied. Median age at operation was 23 (range 2-52) weeks. The herniotomy was right-sided in 75% of the infants. Follow-up ranged from three and a half years to 11 years. A contralateral hernia developed in nine infants (9.0%). One of the initial hernias was incarcerated. Median time from operation to occurrence of contralateral hernia was 18 (range 2-60) months. None of the contralateral hernia was incarcerated. Age, sex, incarceration and side of initial hernia did not influence the development of contralateral hernia.
answer:
Is contralateral groin exploration justified in infants with a unilateral inguinal hernia?

question:
Assessing acute myocardial infarction (MI) with respect to long-term survival is not easy. Authorities in the field suggest that inflammation predicts short-range (up to 17 months) coronary death. It is not known whether long-term survival is associated with the inflammatory response. In this study, we evaluate the relationships between survival for more than 8 years and inflammation, i.e., circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6) and neutrophil counts, in acute MI.', 'Patients with ST-segment elevation MIs (STEMI; n=33) and non-ST-segment MIs (non-STEMI; n=39) in 1996 were included in the study. All STEMI patients received thrombolytic therapy. Acute coronary angiography was not an option. Determination of IL-6 and neutrophils was carried out within 24 h after commencement of pain. The subjects were followed for more than 8 years (until December 31, 2005) using the national death registry. Inflammatory markers at the time of MI were compared with long-term survival (n=35).', 'At the time of acute MI, survivors for more than 8 years proved to have lower IL-6 (p<0.01) and decreased neutrophil counts (p<0.05). The differences remained (p<0.01 for both markers) when excluding deaths (n=11) occurring in 1996 and 1997. Subsequently, the subjects were divided into two equally sized groups, depending on their IL-6 values at the beginning of the study. As expected, a lower IL-6 was associated with a more favorable long-term prognosis (p<0.01).
answer:
Are interleukin-6 and neutrophils associated with long-term survival after acute myocardial infarction?