Problem: Write an article based on this summary: Keep your most essential items close at hand. Put frequently used items in easy-to-reach drawers. Store unused clutter out of the way. Use a letter tray to keep up with paperwork. Get your shared work area under control.

Answer: If you find yourself reaching for certain things a lot, make sure they're accessible. Give some thought to how frequently you reach for certain items on your desk and arrange them in order of importance. By taking this approach, you can streamline the process of finding and using various supplies. Writing utensils, typing paper, notebooks, communication devices and digital accessories might all be kept out in the open, or somewhere else that you can get to easily. Separate pens and pencils into a cup to keep them together and ready to use without taking up too much space. Leave paper clips and staplers near the printer or wherever you complete paperwork. You can save as much as an hour a day by minimizing the time it takes you to hunt for things in a messy desk. Non-essential supplies that see a lot of use can go in drawers so that you can take them out as they're needed. Reserve the top drawers of your desk for larger items and things that you use often but don't necessarily need to keep out on the desktop. For instance, you might find that you use your laptop, tablet and other electronic devices more often than pen and paper for completing your work. In this case, these secondary materials can be stored away close at hand while leaving your desk clear for your electronics. If you have a lot of smaller items, buy some desk drawer organizer trays. These fit neatly into the drawers of your desk and are made up of compartmentalized sections that let you keep everything organized and visible in its proper place. Make a mental priority list of where things should go in your workspace. If you use an item frequently or it's important to keep up with, leave it on your desktop. If you have a need for it every now and then, secure it in a nearby drawer. If you rarely use it or it doesn't really belong on your desk, find someplace else to keep it. Anything you decide to keep but don't need on hand at your desk should be stored elsewhere so that it doesn't accumulate and turn into a mess. This includes personal items, snacks and beverages and gadgets you only need on rare occasions. Written documents should go into folders and then into a filing cabinet, while other materials might need to be put away in a bottom drawer or closet if they're not likely to be used. Keep as much off and out of your desk as you can, except for the things that you have to have. Try to get in the habit of putting away things after you've used them. Otherwise, they have a tendency to accumulate on your desktop or get stuffed into a drawer that can quickly fill up with junk. To facilitate sorting paper documents, invest in a letter tray. These are shallow, multi-tiered containers that allow you to designate each level for incoming and outgoing paperwork, as well as answered and unanswered mail. By confining your written materials to a letter tray, folders and a filing cabinet, you'll prevent your desk space from becoming overwhelmed by loose paper. Using a paper tray, or multiple trays for different purposes, is a simple trick that can help eliminate the majority of paper clutter on your desk. Have one tray ready for finished/unfinished paperwork, another for incoming/outgoing mail, etc. Some people might have to make use of a communal desk or partitioned cubicle while at the office, or your desk may just be in close proximity to others, leaving you with a limited amount of room. You can still take steps to tame a shared space. First, make sure there are clear boundaries in place to distinguish what belongs where. Then, you can begin organizing your own section to maximize order and efficiency. Label your personal materials and keep them close to where you sit. Identify which paperwork is yours and sort it into individual file folders, and from there into drawers or paper trays. Have a designated place for shared supplies so that extraneous clutter doesn't spill into your area. Carry a backpack or briefcase to help you keep tabs on your stuff. If you're working in a setting with shared space and storage, you might not be able to keep as many supplies and belongings on your desk or in nearby drawers. Stay on top of regular sorting and cleaning to keep a shared desk or workspace from turning into a mess. More people concentrated into the same confined area means more trash, stray papers and general disarray.

Problem: Write an article based on this summary: Gather your ingredients. Melt the shea butter and coconut oil. Stir in the olive oil. Add ten drops of essential oil. Chill the mixture in the refrigerator. Mix in the baking soda. Spoon it into a storage container.

Answer: This shaving cream is made from natural oils that blend to create a smooth, nourishing shaving cream. Your razor will glide easily across your skin if you use this rich formula. You'll need the following ingredients: 2/3 cup shea or cocoa butter 2/3 cup coconut oil 1/2 cup olive oil 10 drops essential oil of your choice 2 tablespoons baking soda Jar with a lid Both shea butter and coconut oil are solid at room temperature, so it's necessary to melt them in order to blend them properly. Measure out 2/3 cup shea butter and 2/3 cup coconut oil. Place the ingredients in a small saucepan. Melt them over low heat, stirring occasionally until they liquify, then remove the pan from heat. If you're using coconut butter in place of shea butter, melt it with the coconut oil. Don't let the ingredients come to a boil; use just enough heat to help them liquify. Boiling the oils will change their texture. Use a spoon or whisk to incorporate the olive oil with the melted shea butter and coconut oil. Certain essential oils are good for the skin in addition to having fresh scent. Customize your shaving cream to create the perfect scent for you. You can combine essential oils to give the cream even more depth. For strongly scented essential oil, use up to 20 drops. Lavender, rose, grapefruit, fir, ginger, vetiver, and peppermint essential oils all make wonderful additions to shaving cream. If you're sensitive to strong smells, add just five drops of oil or leave it out altogether. Pour it into a mixing bowl and cover it with plastic wrap. Place the bowl in the refrigerator for an hour or two, until the mixture is thoroughly chilled. The oils will slightly solidify, and the mixture should look pale yellow and waxy at this stage. Remove the bowl from the refrigerator, take off the plastic wrap and pour in two tablespoons of baking soda. Using an electric mixer or a hand whisk, beat the mixture until it becomes light, fluffy and creamy. A glass mason jar makes a great container for homemade shaving cream. You can use any container you'd like, as long as it has a lid. When you're ready to use it, just slather on a scoop of shaving cream wherever you need it. Store leftover cream in a dark cabinet out of direct sunlight and heat. Homemade shaving cream will keep for a month or two. If you want to preserve it for longer, try mixing in the contents of one vitamin E capsule; this acts as a natural preservative.

Problem: Write an article based on this summary: Brainstorm an idea or identify a problem or question. Use the tools you've already been given. Look at what others have done. Think from all angles. Synthesize specific topics. Visualize in your mind at this stage what kind of methodology you are going to use i.e. Brush across information you have access to. Clearly define your project.

Answer:
No matter how much guidance the assignment provides, an integral part of nearly any research project is allowing each researcher to come up with their own idea. You need to identify a problem in your chosen field that needs to be solved or answer a question that has not yet been answered. At this stage, a pen and piece of paper are your best friends. Without worrying about structure or format, start writing down ideas anything you're interested in, really, as long as it falls within the bounds of the assigned project's guidelines. At this stage its worth remembering that the more interest you have in a given topic, the easier it will be to push through any obstacles that may crop up when trying to complete the project. Don't hesitate while writing down ideas. You'll end up with some mental noise on the paper silly or nonsensical phrases that your brain just pushes out. That's fine. Think of it as sweeping the cobwebs out of your attic. After a minute or two, better ideas will begin to form (and you might have a nice little laugh at your own expense in the meantime). If you just can't seem to brainstorm anything very interesting, and you've been given a vague and unhelpful prompt, your next best bet is to review a textbook or lecture notes. Skim over them and look for subjects you found interesting. You can even flip open a textbook to the index, pick an interesting-sounding term or name, and go from there. Another extremely useful tool is a journal. These are periodicals collecting research in a specific field. So if for example, you were looking for a topic in radiology, you may want to look at a few issues of Radiology- the journal of the American College of Radiology. If you are doing this in partial fulfillment of a university course or honors degree programme, it's worth checking out what research topics were covered by other students over previous years. Sometimes you may be lucky enough to find ready-made suggestions at the end of the project which the author has made in their recommendations for further research. You may also be able to change the topic slightly to come up with a new project. This has the advantage of providing a ready-made, tried and tested, robust methodology for your project. Some instructors will even provide samples of previously successful topics if you ask for them. Just be careful that you don't end up stuck with an idea you want to do, but are afraid to do because you know someone else did it before. If you have at least a little direction based on the project guidelines, take that basic direction and start turning it over and over in your mind. Write down everything you come up with on paper, even if it doesn't seem viable. Start with obvious approaches, and then try to think about other questions that are indirectly related to the main thrust of your guidelines. Keep adding items until you can't think of any more. For example, if your research topic is "urban poverty," you could look at that topic across ethnic or sexual lines, but you could also look into corporate wages, minimum wage laws, the cost of medical benefits, the loss of unskilled jobs in the urban core, and on and on. You could also try comparing and contrasting urban poverty with suburban or rural poverty, and examine things that might be different about both areas, such as diet and exercise levels, or air pollution. You can combine a few or several different parameters to create concrete questions that will give your research some direction. Continuing with the previous example, you might look at the dietary habits of the rural poor with the urban poor, cross-checking against the habits of well-to-do people to get an idea of whether a diet is influenced more by money or environment, and to what extent. how are you going to collect data. Methodology (is the meat of the project and you don't want to commit to a topic which will not have a feasible methodology or one that may require funding beyond your means (this is specifically aimed at undergraduates with limited resources (poor students lacking both time and money!) who are likely going to have to self fund their projects) . This may appear to be jumping the gun a bit, but you'll be glad you didn't waste time on projects that you could not have completed on time. Think in terms of questions you want answered. A good research project should collect information for the purpose of answering (or at least attempting to answer) a question. As you review and interconnect topics, you'll think of questions that don't seem to have clear answers yet. These questions are your research topics. Now that you have a handful of concrete research ideas that interest you, take your favorite and do a little preliminary research. If you're finding the information you might be able to use, stick with that topic; if there seems to be no useful research at all, you'll either have to perform original research or change topics. Don't be afraid to take a gamble if there is research but it seems a bit thin often, those are the areas where more attention is sorely needed, and your paper will draw some attention in the right direction if nothing else. Don't limit yourself to libraries and online databases. Think in terms of outside resources as well: primary sources, government agencies, even educational TV programs. If you want to know about differences in animal population between public land and an Indian reservation, call the reservation and see if you can speak to their department of fish and wildlife. If you're planning to go ahead with original research, that's great but those techniques aren't covered in this article. Instead, speak with qualified advisors and work with them to set up a thorough, controlled, repeatable process for gathering information. Now that you've narrowed the field and chosen a research question to pursue, it's time to get a bit more formal. Write down your research question, and then briefly note the steps you plan to take to get it answered. Finally, at the bottom of the page, write down each possible answer to the topic question. There are usually three potential answers: it's one way, it's the other way, or it doesn't seem to make any difference. If your plan comes down to "researching the topic," and there aren't any more specific things you can say about it, write down the types of sources you plan to use instead: books (library or private?), magazines (which ones?), interviews, and so on. Your preliminary research should have given you a solid idea of where to begin.