input question: I read this background article the other day: Recall that air pollution is due to chemical substances and particles released into the air mainly by human actions. When most people think of air pollution, they think of the pollution outdoors. But it is just as easy to have indoor air pollution. Your home or school classroom probably doesn't get much fresh air. Sealing up your home reduces heating and cooling costs. But this also causes air pollution to stay trapped indoors. And people today usually spend a majority of their time indoors. So exposure to indoor air pollution can become a significant health risk. I am facing a new situation today: Two neighboring cities had very different health related problems. Twin city had increased air pollution, their people experiencing all kinds of respiratory diseases, while Pine city had problems with age related diseases. Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Which city had more people exposed to indoor pollution????
output answer: Twin

input question: I read this background article the other day: Fish reproduce sexually. They lay eggs that can be fertilized either inside or outside of the body. In most fish, the eggs develop outside of the mother's body. In the majority of these species, fertilization also takes place outside the mother's body. The male and female fish release their gametes into the surrounding water, where fertilization occurs. Female fish release very high numbers of eggs to increase the chances of fertilization. I am facing a new situation today: Two neighboring ponds were stocked with adult fish last year. Hill pond had a very nice winter and the fish started reproducing normally, while Mound pond had no fish reproducing this spring. Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Which pond had more fish spawning this spring????
output answer: Hill

input question: I read this background article the other day: Greenhouse Effect: The solar energy reaching the surface of the Earth is concentrated in short wavelengths, which can easily penetrate the greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane. The Earth, however, is cooler than the sun and it radiates its heat in the form of energy in the far infrared range. These longer wavelengths are partially absorbed by the greenhouse gases and some of the solar heat is returned to Earth. At a certain temperature these processes are in equilibrium and the surface temperature of the Earth is stable. However, if more greenhouse gases are put in the atmosphere the amount of trapped terrestrial radiation increases, leading to an increase in global temperature. I am facing a new situation today: John was interested in climate change issues. To that end, he studied two imaginary situations, case A and case B. In case A, there would not be excessive greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. On the contrary, in case B, the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere would increase dramatically. John realized that the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has many practical implications. Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: In which case the surface temperature of the Earth would be lower, case A or case B????
output answer: case A

input question: I read this background article the other day: Apex predators affect prey species' population dynamics and populations of other predators, both in aquatic and in terrestrial ecosystems. Non-native predatory fish, for instance, have sometimes devastated formerly dominant predators. A lake manipulation study found that when the non-native smallmouth bass was removed, lake trout, the suppressed native apex predator, diversified its prey selection and increased its trophic level. As a terrestrial example, the badger, an apex predator, predates on and also competes with the hedgehog, a mesopredator, for food such as insects, small mammals, reptiles, amphibians and ground-nesting bird's eggs. Removal of badgers (in a trial investigating bovine tuberculosis) caused hedgehog densities to more than double. Predators that exert a top-down control on organisms in their community are often considered keystone species. Humans are not considered apex predators because their diets are typically diverse, although human trophic levels increase with consumption of meat. I am facing a new situation today: Rob is a biologist who is interested in native species conservation. To that end, he conducted two studies, case A and case B. In case A, a non native apex predator C was introduced in formerly apex predator D's habitat. In case B, same non native apex predator C was removed from formerly apex predator D's habitat. He now needs to analyze the results of these studies. Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Would predator D's trophic level increase or decrease in case B than in case A????
output answer:
increase