Q: Q: Not all structural rearrangements of chromosomes produce nonviable, impaired, or infertile individuals. in rare instances, such a change can result in the evolution of what? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: The Chromosome 18 Inversion Not all structural rearrangements of chromosomes produce nonviable, impaired, or infertile individuals. In rare instances, such a change can result in the evolution of a new species. In fact, a pericentric inversion in chromosome 18 appears to have contributed to the evolution of humans. This inversion is not present in our closest genetic relatives, the chimpanzees. Humans and chimpanzees differ cytogenetically by pericentric inversions on several chromosomes and by the fusion of two separate chromosomes in chimpanzees that correspond to chromosome two in humans. The pericentric chromosome 18 inversion is believed to have occurred in early humans following their divergence from a common ancestor with chimpanzees approximately five million years ago. Researchers characterizing this inversion have suggested that approximately 19,000 nucleotide bases were duplicated on 18p, and the duplicated region inverted and reinserted on chromosome 18 of an ancestral human. A comparison of human and chimpanzee genes in the region of this inversion indicates that two genesROCK1 and USP14that are adjacent on chimpanzee chromosome 17 (which corresponds to human chromosome 18) are more distantly positioned on human chromosome 18. This suggests that one of the inversion breakpoints occurred between these two genes. Interestingly, humans and chimpanzees express USP14 at distinct levels in specific cell types, including cortical cells and fibroblasts. Perhaps the chromosome 18 inversion in an ancestral human repositioned specific genes and reset their expression levels in a useful way. Because both ROCK1 and USP14 encode cellular enzymes, a change in their expression could alter cellular function. It is not known how this inversion contributed to hominid evolution, [1] but it appears to be a significant factor in the divergence of humans from other primates. Translocations A translocation occurs when a segment of a chromosome dissociates and reattaches to a different, nonhomologous chromosome.... Choices: - new order - new mutation - new family - new species A:
A: new species

Q: Q: What do earth and the other planets in the solar system make around the sun? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: Earth and the other planets in the solar system make elliptical orbits around the Sun. The ellipses in this image are highly exaggerated. Choices: - radial orbits - smooth orbits - elevated orbits - elliptical orbits A:
A: elliptical orbits

Q: Q: Like a house, your body has what kind of mechanism that responds to changes in temperature? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: For example, your body has an internal thermostat. During a winter day, in your house a thermostat senses the temperature in a room and responds by turning on or off the heater. Your body acts in much the same way. When body temperature rises, receptors in the skin and the brain sense the temperature change. The temperature change triggers a command from the brain. This command can cause several responses. If you are too hot, the skin makes sweat and blood vessels near the skin surface dilate. This response helps decrease body temperature. Choices: - external thermostat - mechanical thermostat - sensitive thermostat - internal thermostat A:
A: internal thermostat

Q: Q: Conducting wires have a small degree of what? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: Conducting wires have a small electrical resistance. The electrical resistance of a conducting wire is related to the type of metal used and inversely related to the cross-sectional area of the wire. The larger the diameter of a wire, the greater the cross-sectional area, and the lower the electrical resistance will be. When electrons flow through a wire, they repel each other and interfere with the passage of other electrons. If there are a very large number of electrons passing through a wire with small diameter, the electrons will experience a greater resistance than if the wire diameter were larger and the electrons had more space between them. Choices: - magnetism - insulation - heat - electrical resistance A:
A: electrical resistance