Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Before Darwinian evolution became the prevailing theory of the field, French naturalist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck theorized that acquired traits could, in fact, be inherited; while this hypothesis has largely been unsupported, scientists have recently begun to realize that Lamarck was not completely wrong. Visit this site (http://openstaxcollege. org/l/epigenetic) to learn more. Heritability is the fraction of phenotype variation that can be attributed to genetic differences, or genetic variance, among individuals in a population. The greater the hereditability of a population's phenotypic variation, the more susceptible it is to the evolutionary forces that act on heritable variation. The diversity of alleles and genotypes within a population is called genetic variance. When scientists are involved in the breeding of a species, such as with animals in zoos and nature preserves, they try to increase a population's genetic variance to preserve as much of the phenotypic diversity as they can. This also helps reduce the risks associated with inbreeding, the mating of closely related individuals, which can have the undesirable effect of bringing together deleterious recessive mutations that can cause abnormalities and susceptibility to disease. For example, a disease that is caused by a rare, recessive allele might exist in a population, but it will only manifest itself when an individual carries two copies of the allele. Because the allele is rare in a normal, healthy population with unrestricted habitat, the chance that two carriers will mate is low, and even then, only 25 percent of their offspring will inherit the disease allele from both parents. While it is likely to happen at some point, it will not happen frequently enough for natural selection to be able to swiftly eliminate the allele from the population, and as a result, the allele will be maintained at low levels in the gene pool. However, if a family of carriers begins to interbreed with each other, this will dramatically increase the likelihood of two... Q: The diversity of alleles and genotypes within a population is known as genetic what? Choices: - group - density - variable - variance A:
A: variance

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: When fossil fuels burn, they release thermal energy, water vapor, and carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide produced by fossil fuel use is a major cause of global warming. The burning of fossil fuels also releases many pollutants into the air. Pollutants such as sulfur dioxide form acid rain, which kills living things and damages metals, stonework, and other materials. Pollutants such as nitrogen oxides cause smog, which is harmful to human health. Tiny particles, or particulates, released when fossil fuels burn also harm human health. Natural gas releases the least pollution; coal releases the most (see Figure below ). Petroleum has the additional risk of oil spills, which may seriously damage ecosystems. Q: What gas produced by fossil fuel use is a major cause of global warming? Choices: - helium - hydrogen - phosphorous - carbon dioxide A:
A: carbon dioxide

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Bacteria are so small that they can only be seen with a microscope. When viewed under the microscope, they have three distinct shapes ( Figure below ). Bacteria can be identified and classified by their shape:. Q: How are bacteria identified and classified? Choices: - by there movement - by their color - by there cell count - by their shape A:
A: by their shape

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: All living things reproduce to make the next generation. Organisms that do not reproduce will go extinct. As a result, there are no species that do not reproduce ( Figure below ). Some organisms reproduce asexually ( asexual reproduction ), especially single-celled organisms, and make identical copies (or clones) of themselves. Other organisms reproduce sexually ( sexual reproduction ), combining genetic information from two parents to make genetically unique offspring. Q: What process do all species use to make the next generation? Choices: - separation - differentiation - variation - reproduction A:
A: reproduction