In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
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Question: Context: Elevated blood lead levels (BLL) and malaria carry an important burden of disease in West Africa. Both diseases might cause anemia and they might entail long-term consequences for the development and the health status of the child. Albeit the significant impact of malaria on lead levels described in Nigeria, no evaluation of the effect of elevated BLL on malaria risk has been investigated so far.', 'Between 2010 and 2012, blood lead levels of 203 Beninese infants from Allada, a semi-rural area 50km North from Cotonou, were assessed at 12 months of age. To assess lead levels, blood samples were analyzed by mass spectrometry. In parallel, clinical, microbiological and hematological data were collected. More precisely, hemoglobin, serum ferritin, CRP, vitamin B12, folate levels, and Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia were assessed and stool samples were also analyzed.', 'At 12 months, the mean BLL of infants was 7.41 g/dL (CI: 65.2; 83), and 128 infants (63%) had elevated blood lead levels, defined by the CDC as BLL>5 g/dL. Lead poisoning, defined as BLL>10 g/dL, was found in 39 infants (19%). Twenty-five infants (12.5%) had a positive blood smear at 12 months and 144 infants were anemic (71%, hemoglobin<110 g/L). Elevated blood lead levels were significantly associated with reduced risk of a positive blood smear (AOR = 0.38, P-value = 0.048) and P. falciparum parasite density (beta-estimate = -1.42, P-value = 0.03) in logistic and negative binomial regression multivariate models, respectively, adjusted on clinical and environmental indicators.\Question: Do elevated Blood Lead Levels Are Associated with Reduced Risk of Malaria in Beninese Infants?

Answer: Our study shows for the first time that BLL are negatively associated with malarial risk considering other risk factors. Malaria is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in infants under 5 years worldwide, and lead poisoning is the 6th most important contributor to the global burden of diseases measured in disability adjusted life years (DALYs) according to the Institute of Health Metrics. In conclusion, due to the high prevalence of elevated BLL, health interventions should look forward to minimize the exposure to lead to better protect the population in West Africa.

Question: Context: To test the hypothesis that core and suggestive features in possible dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) would vary in their ability to predict an abnormal dopamine transporter scan and therefore a follow-up diagnosis of probable DLB. A further objective was to assess the evolution of core and suggestive features in patients with possible DLB over time depending on the (123)I-FP-CIT SPECT scan result.', 'A total of 187 patients with possible DLB (dementia plus one core or one suggestive feature) were randomized to have dopamine transporter imaging or to follow-up without scan. DLB features were compared at baseline and at 6-month follow-up according to imaging results and follow-up diagnosis.', "For the whole cohort, the baseline frequency of parkinsonism was 30%, fluctuations 29%, visual hallucinations 24%, and REM sleep behavior disorder 17%. Clinician-rated presence of parkinsonism at baseline was significantly (p = 0.001) more frequent and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) score at baseline was significantly higher (p = 0.02) in patients with abnormal imaging. There was a significant increase in UPDRS score in the abnormal scan group over time (p < 0.01). There was relatively little evolution of the rest of the DLB features regardless of the imaging result.\Question: Do evolution of clinical features in possible DLB depending on FP-CIT SPECT result?

Answer: In patients with possible DLB, apart from UPDRS score, there was no difference in the evolution of DLB clinical features over 6 months between cases with normal and abnormal imaging. Only parkinsonism and dopamine transporter imaging helped to differentiate DLB from non-DLB dementia.

Question: Context: Osteosarcoma is the third most frequent neoplasm in adolescents. Although chemotherapy, frequently used in pre- and post-operative settings, has resulted in significant improvement in disease-free survival, some patients show little sensitivity to chemotherapy and alternative therapeutic strategies are needed. Because the Fas ligand/Fas receptor (CD95, APO-1) apoptosis pathway is a potential therapeutic target in osteosarcomas, we examined the effect of IFN-gamma on Fas-induced apoptosis in four osteosarcoma cell lines.', 'As measured by flow cytometry, all cell lines expressed cell surface IFN-gamma receptors, and when cultured for 2 days in the presence of IFN-gamma, all cell lines exhibited a significant increase in expression of Fas receptors. By flow cytometric detection of intracellular fragmented DNA as a marker of apoptosis, all cell lines cultured with either IFN-gamma or anti-Fas antibody (clone CH-11) alone showed only moderate apoptosis, whereas significantly high levels of apoptosis occurred in cells cultured with both IFN-gamma and CH-11. Western blotting analysis also revealed that IFN-gamma caused up-regulation of caspase-8 in all cell lines, but no change in Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD/MORT1) or caspase-3. Both caspase-8 and caspase-3 were activated when apoptosis was induced with both IFN-gamma and CH-11. Addition to cultures of z-IETD-fmk, an inhibitor of caspase-8, significantly blocked this apoptosis.\Question: Does interferon-gamma sensitize osteosarcoma cells to Fas-induced apoptosis by up-regulating Fas receptors and caspase-8?

Answer:
IFN-gamma sensitizes osteosarcoma cells to Fas-induced apoptosis through up-regulation of Fas receptor and caspase-8. Combined immunotherapy with IFN-gamma and either anti-Fas monoclonal antibody or cytotoxic T cells that bear Fas ligand might be a useful adjunctive therapy for patients with osteosarcoma.