In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

Input: Consider Input: Laplaces rule may be used to compute a version of this quantity for its namesake tensor in order to prove the Alon-Tarsi conjecture for Latin squares of even order; that proof uses Cayleys version of this operator. The Cauchy-Binet rule generalizes it to commutative rings, while Leibnizs formula uses permutations of elements to compute it. Setting to zero the result of this operation on lambda I minus A allows us to calculate As eigenvalues. Cramers rule uses ratios of these to solve systems of linear equations. For ten points, name this quantity that is a d minus c b for a 2 by 2 matrix a b c d.

Output: Science

Input: Consider Input: Some of this man's later works were created for television, including a score for the 1942 adaptation of his opera The Pilgrim's Progress as well as an adaptation of his seventh symphony for Scott of the Antarctic. His first choral symphony is a setting of parts of five Walt Whitman poems, including "A Song For All Seas, All Ships. " This mans operas also include one featuring a prize fight between the title character and John the butcher, as well as a direct adaptation of a J.M. Synge play. Hugh the Drover and Riders to the Sea were composed by, FTP, which British composer, who also created The Lark Ascending, the London Symphony, and Fantasia on a Theme of Thomas Tallis

Output: Fine Arts

Input: Consider Input: The original Thomsen-Berthelot principle, also known as the principle of maximum work, was shown to violate this law because it failed to incorporate irreversibility. The Kelvin-Planck statement is one component of this law, and a flaw in Boltzmanns H-theorem concerning this law and time reversal symmetry is Loschmidts paradox. A thought experiment in which an imaginary creature guards a trapdoor between a two-part gas container was proposed to try to violate this law. Clausius stated it as heat cannot flow from a hot object to a cold one spontaneously. For 10 points, name this law which says that the entropy of a system increases until it reaches equilibrium.
Output: Science