In this task, you will be shown a prompt from a judicial decision and multiple holding statements derived from citations following text in a legal decision. Holdings represent the governing legal rule when the law is applied to a particular set of facts. There are five answer choices for each citing text. The correct answer is the holding statement that corresponds to the citing text. You should write an incorrect option. Even though there exist multiple wrong answers, we only need a single wrong answer. There is a <HOLDING> token in the position of the citing text prompt where the holding statement was extracted.

Ex Input:
opposing party's motion. We have held that there is an "overarching liberal policy of allowing amendments under Rule 15." Ex parte Liberty Nat'l Life Ins. Co., 858 So.2d 950, 954 (Ala.2003). However, Rule 15 "'is not carte blanche authority to amend ... at any time.' " Burkett v. American Gen. Fin., Inc., 607 So.2d 138, 141 (Ala.1992)(quoting Stallings v. Angelica Uniform Co., 388 So.2d 942, 947 (Ala.1980)). The trial court has discretion to deny an amendment for good cause. Ex parte GRE Ins. Group, 822 So.2d 388, 390 (Ala.2001); Stallings, 388 So.2d at 947. The deadline in the scheduling order does not curtail the trial court's discretion in considering the merits of the offered amendment. See Moses.com Sec., Inc. v. Comprehensive Software Sys., Inc., 406 F.3d 1052, 1066 (8th Cir.2005)(<HOLDING>). The trial court can refuse to allow an
Holding statements: (A) holding that the date of the federal indictment not the date of the state arrest was the triggering date for the speedytrial act (B) holding that interest does not begin to accrue until the date of judgment not the date of verdict (C) holding that although the defendant filed a number of motions because the original trial date never changed as a result of those motions no delay could be attributed to the motions (D) holding in part that the presumption of public access attaches to pretrialnondiscovery motions whether preliminary or dispositive and the materials briefs and documents filed with the court in support of or in opposition to such motions but not to pretrial discovery motions (E) holding that the scheduling order merely prescribes the date by which all motions to amend shall be filed the date on the scheduling order does not confine the district courts consideration of the merits of such motions and does not preclude it from finding that an amendment would result in prejudice

Ex Output:
holding that the date of the federal indictment not the date of the state arrest was the triggering date for the speedytrial act

Ex Input:
reimbursement decisions to be made on an ad hoc basis. Id. at 549. Of note here, we explained that "even if the Commission had promulgated fee guidelines, the provider would not have a statutory right or privilege to be paid the amount set out in the guideline." Id. According to East Side, Vista is, likewise, neither entitled to a fee guideline nor entitled to any set amount of reimbursement. See id. Given that no specific reimbursement amount is required, even where the Division has established fee guidelines, and that the Division can reason ng statute and rule as whole to find broad definition of "prohibited activities" and absence of definition for "market power" as providing constitutionally permissible notice of type of prohibited conduct contemplated); Tinning, 875 S.W.2d at 409 (<HOLDING>). The language in these cases, similar to
Holding statements: (A) holding that when a term is not defined in a contract the presumption is that the term is to be given its ordinary meaning and significance (B) holding term share legal fees although not expressly defined provides adequate notices of type of conduct it would include (C) holding that when a term is defined in the statute it need not be further alleged in the indictment (D) holding that although term was not limited by the specification it was expressly defined in a narrow manner in the prosecution history (E) holding that the statute was ambiguous because it provides no definition of the term violation and provides no specific direction as to the proper unit of prosecution

Ex Output:
holding that when a term is not defined in a contract the presumption is that the term is to be given its ordinary meaning and significance

Ex Input:
determined that Salim lacked standing under the doctrine of third-party standing. See App. 19. It is true, as the bankruptcy court noted, that a plaintiff generally may not establish standing on ng does not undermine the Court's conclusion that Salim has standing to bring this case. In sum, the Court concludes that the bankruptcy court erred in finding that Sal-im lacks standing. If Salim lacked standing, the Court would not have jurisdiction to reach the merits of the parties' dispute. See Steel Co., 523 U.S. at 94, 118 S.Ct. 1003. Since it concludes that Salim does' have standing to pursue his claims, however, the Court may now consider the bankruptcy court's determination that Salim failed to state a claim. See, e.g., Gingery v. City of Glendale, 831 F.3d 1222, 1228 (9th Cir. 2016) (<HOLDING>), cert. denied sub nom. Mera v. City of
Holding statements: (A) holding that a court may rely on documents incorporated into the complaint by reference and matters of which a court may take judicial notice in deciding whether a complaint fails to state a claim upon which relief may be granted (B) holding that because the state failed to properly file the complaint the district court lacked jurisdiction to proceed to trial (C) holding that the district court erred when it failed to consider the presumption of irreparable harm (D) holding that district court may consider documents referred to in plaintiffs complaint and central to his claim (E) holding that although that the district court erred in finding that plaintiffs lacked standing the appellate court may nonetheless proceed to consider the district courts determination that plaintiffs failed to state a claim upon which relief may be granted

Ex Output:
holding that a court may rely on documents incorporated into the complaint by reference and matters of which a court may take judicial notice in deciding whether a complaint fails to state a claim upon which relief may be granted