Given the question: Information: - Meteorology is the interdisciplinary scientific study of the atmosphere. The study of meteorology dates back millennia, though significant progress in meteorology did not occur until the 18th century. The 19th century saw modest progress in the field after weather observation networks were formed across broad regions. Prior attempts at prediction of weather depended on historical data. It wasn't until after the elucidation of the laws of physics and, more particularly, the development of the computer, allowing for the automated solution of a great many equations that model the weather, in the latter half of the 20th century that significant breakthroughs in weather forecasting were achieved. - Probability is the measure of the likelihood that an event will occur. Probability is quantified as a number between 0 and 1 (where 0 indicates impossibility and 1 indicates certainty). The higher the probability of an event, the more certain that the event will occur. A simple example is the tossing of a fair (unbiased) coin. Since the coin is unbiased, the two outcomes ("head" and "tail") are both equally probable; the probability of "head" equals the probability of "tail". Since no other outcomes are possible, the probability is 1/2 (or 50%), of either "head" or "tail". In other words, the probability of "head" is 1 out of 2 outcomes and the probability of "tail" is also 1 out of 2 outcomes, expressed as 0.5 when converted to decimal, with the above-mentioned quantification system. This type of probability is also called a priori probability. - Probability theory is the branch of mathematics concerned with probability, the analysis of random phenomena. The central objects of probability theory are random variables, stochastic processes, and events: mathematical abstractions of non-deterministic events or measured quantities that may either be single occurrences or evolve over time in an apparently random fashion. - Sir Francis Galton, FRS (16 February 1822 17 January 1911) was an English Victorian statistician, progressive, polymath, sociologist, psychologist, anthropologist, eugenicist, tropical explorer, geographer, inventor, meteorologist, proto-geneticist, and psychometrician. He was knighted in 1909. - Eugenics (from Greek "eugenes" "well-born" from "eu", "good, well" and "genos", "race, stock, kin") is a set of beliefs and practices that aims at improving the genetic quality of the human population. The exact definition of "eugenics" has been a matter of debate since the term was coined. - In probability theory and statistics, a probability distribution is a mathematical function that, stated in simple terms, can be thought of as providing the probability of occurrence of different possible outcomes in an experiment. For instance, if the random variable X is used to denote the outcome of a coin toss ('the experiment'), then the probability distribution of X would take the value 0.5 for formula_1, and 0.5 for formula_2. - University College London (UCL) is a public research university in London, England, and a constituent college of the federal University of London. It is the largest postgraduate institution in the UK by enrollment and is regarded as one of the world's leading multidisciplinary research universities. Established in 1826 as London University by founders inspired by the radical ideas of Jeremy Bentham, UCL was the first university institution to be established in London, and the first in England to be entirely secular and to admit students regardless of their religion. UCL also makes the contested claims of being the third-oldest university in England and the first to admit women. In 1836 UCL became one of the two founding colleges of the University of London, which was granted a royal charter in the same year. It has grown through mergers, including with the Institute of Neurology (in 1997), the Royal Free Hospital Medical School (in 1998), the Eastman Dental Institute (in 1999), the School of Slavonic and East European Studies (in 1999), the School of Pharmacy (in 2012) and the Institute of Education (in 2014). UCL has its main campus in the Bloomsbury area of central London, with a number of institutes and teaching hospitals elsewhere in central London and a satellite campus in Doha, Qatar. UCL is organised into 11 constituent faculties, within which there are over 100 departments, institutes and research centres. UCL operates several culturally significant museums and manages collections in a wide range of fields, including the Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology and the Grant Museum of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy, and administers the annual Orwell Prize in political writing. In 2015/16, UCL had around 38,300 students and 12,000 staff (including around 7,100 academic staff and 840 professors) and had a total income of 1.36 billion, of which 530 million was from research grants and contracts. UCL ranks highly in national and international league tables and its graduates rank among the most employable... - Mathematical statistics is the application of mathematics to statistics, which was originally conceived as the science of the state the collection and analysis of facts about a country: its economy, land, military, population, and so forth. Mathematical techniques which are used for this include mathematical analysis, linear algebra, stochastic analysis, differential equations, and measure-theoretic probability theory. - Karl Pearson FRS (originally named Carl; 27 March 1857 27 April 1936) was an influential English mathematician and biostatistician. He has been credited with establishing the discipline of mathematical statistics. He founded the world's first university statistics department at University College London in 1911, and contributed significantly to the field of biometrics, meteorology, theories of social Darwinism and eugenics. Pearson was also a protege and biographer of Sir Francis Galton. - Social Darwinism is a name given to various phenomena emerging in the second half of the 19th century, trying to apply biological concepts of natural selection and survival of the fittest in human society. The term itself emerged in the 1880s. The term "Social Darwinism" gained widespread currency when used after 1944 by opponents of these earlier concepts. The majority of those who have been categorised as social Darwinists did not identify themselves by such a label. - Darwinism is a theory of biological evolution developed by the English naturalist Charles Darwin (18091882) and others, stating that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to compete, survive, and reproduce. Also called Darwinian theory, it originally included the broad concepts of transmutation of species or of evolution which gained general scientific acceptance after Darwin published "On the Origin of Species" in 1859, including concepts which predated Darwin's theories, but subsequently referred to specific concepts of natural selection, of the Weismann barrier or in genetics of the central dogma of molecular biology. Though the term usually refers strictly to biological evolution, creationists have appropriated it to refer to the origin of life, and it has even been applied to concepts of cosmic evolution, both of which have no connection to Darwin's work. It is therefore considered the belief and acceptance of Darwin's and of his predecessors' workin place of other theories, including divine design and extraterrestrial origins. - Statistics is the study of the collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, and organization of data. In applying statistics to, e.g., a scientific, industrial, or social problem, it is conventional to begin with a statistical population or a statistical model process to be studied. Populations can be diverse topics such as "all people living in a country" or "every atom composing a crystal". Statistics deals with all aspects of data including the planning of data collection in terms of the design of surveys and experiments. - In probability and statistics, a random variable, random quantity, aleatory variable, or stochastic variable is a variable quantity whose possible values depend, in random manner, on a set of random outcomes events. It is common that the outcome depends on some physical variables that are not well understood. For example, when you toss a coin (or a die), it falls on its edge, and the final outcome formula_1 or formula_2 depends on the uncertain physics. What is not uncertain are the possible outcomes. Of course the coin could get caught in a crack in the floor, but that is not a consideration. Essential to the definition of a random variable is the outcome space typically defined in terms of set theory or a set. In the case of the coin, the set is binary. The member of the set are each labelled by a probability formula_3 where formula_4 labels the possible outcome values. Thus for the coin example, there are formula_5 such that formula_6. The only outcomes allowed are those from the set, thus one of these outcomes must have some measurable (non-zero) probability. - A histogram is a graphical representation of the distribution of numerical data . It is an estimate of the probability distribution of a continuous variable ( quantitative variable ) and was first introduced by Karl Pearson . To construct a histogram , the first step is to '' bin '' the range of values -- that is , divide the entire range of values into a series of intervals -- and then count how many values fall into each interval . The bins are usually specified as consecutive , non-overlapping intervals of a variable . The bins ( intervals ) must be adjacent , and are usually equal size . If the bins are of equal size , a rectangle is erected over the bin with height proportional to the frequency , the number of cases in each bin . In general , however , bins need not be of equal width ; in that case , the erected rectangle has area proportional to the frequency of cases in the bin The vertical axis is not frequency but density : the number of cases per unit of the variable on the horizontal axis . A histogram may also be normalized displaying relative frequencies . It then shows the proportion of cases that fall into each of several categories , with the sum of the heights equaling 1 . Examples of variable bin width are displayed on Census bureau data below . As the adjacent bins leave no gaps , the rectangles of a histogram touch each other to indicate that the original variable is continuous . Histograms give a rough sense of the density of the underlying distribution of the data , and often for density estimation : estimating the probability density function of the underlying variable . The total area of a histogram used for probability density is always normalized to 1 . If the length of the intervals on the x-axis are all 1 , then a histogram is identical to a relative frequency plot . A histogram can be thought of as a simplistic kernel density estimation , which uses a kernel to smooth frequencies over the bins . This yields a smoother probability density function , which will in general more... Given the information, choose the subject and object entities that have the relation of 'part of'.
The answer is:
histogram , statistics