input: Make use of the article to answer the questions. The region, as part of Lorraine, was part of the Holy Roman Empire, and then was gradually annexed by France in the 17th century, and formalized as one of the provinces of France. The Calvinist manufacturing republic of Mulhouse, known as Stadtrepublik Mulhausen, became a part of Alsace after a vote by its citizens on 4 January 1798. Alsace is frequently mentioned with and as part of Lorraine and the former duchy of Lorraine, since it was a vital part of the duchy, and later because German possession as the imperial province (Alsace-Lorraine, 18711918) was contested in the 19th and 20th centuries; France and Germany exchanged control of parts of Lorraine (including Alsace) four times in 75 years.

With the decline of the Roman Empire, Alsace became the territory of the Germanic Alemanni. The Alemanni were agricultural people, and their Germanic language formed the basis of modern-day dialects spoken along the Upper Rhine (Alsatian, Alemannian, Swabian, Swiss). Clovis and the Franks defeated the Alemanni during the 5th century AD, culminating with the Battle of Tolbiac, and Alsace became part of the Kingdom of Austrasia. Under Clovis' Merovingian successors the inhabitants were Christianized. Alsace remained under Frankish control until the Frankish realm, following the Oaths of Strasbourg of 842, was formally dissolved in 843 at the Treaty of Verdun; the grandsons of Charlemagne divided the realm into three parts. Alsace formed part of the Middle Francia, which was ruled by the youngest grandson Lothar I. Lothar died early in 855 and his realm was divided into three parts. The part known as Lotharingia, or Lorraine, was given to Lothar's son. The rest was shared between Lothar's brothers Charles the Bald (ruler of the West Frankish realm) and Louis the German (ruler of the East Frankish realm). The Kingdom of Lotharingia was short-lived, however, becoming the stem duchy of Lorraine in Eastern Francia after the Treaty of Ribemont in 880. Alsace was united with the other Alemanni east of the Rhine into the stem duchy of Swabia. 1. What is the city of discussion?
2. Why did it become a Germanic territory?
3. When was their claim protested?
4. What happened in 1798?
5. Why?
6. Was control shifted between Germany and Spain?
7. Who then?
8. How many times?
9. Within 75 years?
10. What type of culture were the people?
numbered_answers: 1. Alsace
2. decline of the Roman Empire
3. the 19th and 20th centuries
4. Mulhouse became a part of Alsace
5. a vote by its citizens
6. No
7. France and Germany
8. four
9. Yes
10. agricultural

input: Make use of the article to answer the questions. A biblical canon or canon of scripture is a set of texts (or "books") which a particular religious community regards as authoritative scripture. The English word "canon" comes from the Greek , meaning "rule" or "measuring stick". Christians became the first to use the term in reference to scripture, but Eugene Ulrich regards the idea as Jewish.

Most of the canons listed below are considered "closed" (i.e., books cannot be added or removed), reflecting a belief that public revelation has ended and thus some person or persons can gather approved inspired texts into a complete and authoritative canon, which scholar Bruce Metzger defines as "an authoritative collection of books". In contrast, an "open canon", which permits the addition of books through the process of continuous revelation, Metzger defines as "a collection of authoritative books".

These canons have developed through debate (canonology) and agreement on the part of the religious authorities of their respective faiths and denominations. Believers consider canonical books as inspired by God or as expressive of the authoritative history of the relationship between God and his people. Some books such as the Jewish-Christian gospels, have been excluded from various canons altogether, but many disputed booksconsidered non-canonical or even apocryphal by someare considered to be Biblical apocrypha or Deuterocanonical or fully canonical by others. Differences exist between the Jewish Tanakh and Christian biblical canons, although the Jewish Tanakh did form the basis for the Christian Old Testament, and between the canons of different Christian denominations. The differing criteria and processes of canonization dictate what the various communities regard as inspired scripture. In some cases where varying strata of scriptural inspiration have accumulated, it becomes prudent to discuss texts that only have an elevated status within a particular tradition. This becomes even more complex when considering the open canons of the various Latter Day Saint sectswhich one may view as extensions of Christianity (and thus of Judaism)and the scriptural revelations purportedly given to several leaders over the years within that movement. 1. Where does the English word Canon come from?
2. What have the caonons developed through?
3. How does Bruce Metzger define an Authoritive canon?
4. What does an open cannon permit?
5. How does Metzger define an open canon?
6. Are there differences in the Jewish Tanakh and Christian biblical canons?
7. What is the definition of the greek word canon comes from?
8. Where does it become prudent to discuss texts that only have an elevated status within a particular tradition?
9. Did the Jewish Tanakh for the basis for the Christian Old Testament?
10. What group became the first to use the term?
numbered_answers:
1. the Greek
2. debate
3. an authoritative collection of books
4. the addition of books
5. a collection of authoritative books
6. yes
7. rule
8. cases where varying strata of scriptural inspiration have accumulated
9. yes
10. Christians