Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Ex Input:
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a group of inherited peripheral neuropathies associated with mutations or copy number variations in over 70 genes encoding proteins with fundamental roles in the development and function of Schwann cells and peripheral axons. Here, we used iPSC-derived cells to identify common pathophysiological mechanisms in axonal CMT.', 'iPSC lines from patients with two distinct forms of axonal CMT (CMT2A and CMT2E) were differentiated into spinal cord motor neurons and used to study axonal structure and function and electrophysiological properties in vitro.', 'iPSC-derived motor neurons exhibited gene and protein expression, ultrastructural and electrophysiological features of mature primary spinal cord motor neurons. Cytoskeletal abnormalities were found in neurons from a CMT2E (NEFL) patient and corroborated by a mouse model of the same NEFL point mutation. Abnormalities in mitochondrial trafficking were found in neurons derived from this patient, but were only mildly present in neurons from a CMT2A (MFN2) patient. Novel electrophysiological abnormalities, including reduced action potential threshold and abnormal channel current properties were observed in motor neurons derived from both of these patients.

Ex Output:
1

Ex Input:
The B cell is a key player in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Loss of B cell tolerance resulting in autoantibody production and immune complex formation and deposition are central features of the disease. B cell overactivity is a hallmark of SLE and molecular abnormalities in B cell signaling cascade have been described.', 'In this review, we will focus on the aberrant phenotype of B cell signaling in patients with lupus. We will also discuss data stemming from the use of small molecules that have recently been recognized to target important steps of the B cell signal transduction pathways with therapeutic implications for SLE.

Ex Output:
0

Ex Input:
Minimal-change nephrotic syndrome is an idiopathic disease in which protein leaks through podocytes into the urine. We used proteomic tools to examine differences of plasma protein expression in healthy rats and rats with doxorubicin-induced nephropathy treated with or without prednisone.', 'Healthy three-month-old Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly chosen for one injection of doxorubicin (5.5 mg/kg) through the caudal vein to induce nephropathy (n = 50) or the same volume of saline (control, n = 20). After 1 week, 25 rats in the nephropathy group received topical prednisone (5.5 mg/kg/day) for 21 days and another 25 rats (untreated nephropathy) and the control rats received topical water. At 4 weeks, protein chips generated from rat plasma samples were analyzed by surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) to obtain mass-to-charge ratios (m/z) of proteins of 2-50 kDa.', 'Relative to control rats, untreated nephropathic rats had four significantly higher and seven significantly lower m/z peaks. Prednisone treatment significantly normalized the intensities of peaks 9069 and 15005 (which correspond to cortexin-1 and interleukin-17A, respectively, according to Swiss Prot database) by increasing the expression of 9069 but reducing expression of 15005.

Ex Output:
0