Given an abstract, generate a keyword (a noun phrase) that best describes the focus or contribution of the paper. Such keywords can be directly from the given abstract or outside it.

Example Input: Abstract: Administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to patients with chronically impaired renal function has been reported to cause abrupt and sustained reductions in renal plasma flow (RPF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and solute and water excretion in association with decreased renal prostanoid production. However, the time course of these acute effects and whether they are sustained during chronic exposure to the NSAIDs are unknown. Accordingly, using standard clearance and balance techniques, we investigated the effects of acute (zero to four hours) and chronic (five days) oral administration of two different NSAIDs on renal function in patients with stable, mild to moderate chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) and in normal subjects. In patients, acute oral administration of ketoprofen (K) and indomethacin (I) resulted in significant decreases in GFR (K: from 36 +/- 3 to 20 +/- 4 ml/min, P = 0.001; I: from 37 +/- 6 to 30 +/- 7 ml/min, P = 0.032; in RPF (K: from 194 +/- 21 to 146 +/- 21 ml/min, P = 0.002; I: from 222 +/- 33 to 147 +/- 18 ml/min, P = 0.016); and in urinary PGE2 excretion (K: from 0.60 +/- 0.25 to 0.08 +/- 0.02 ng/min, P = 0.05; I: from 0.34 +/- 0.06 to 0.18 +/- 0.06 ng/min, P = 0.042). Fractional excretion of sodium chloride and fractional free water clearance (CH2O/CIn) also decreased significantly after both agents. In normal subjects, GFR and RPF were not significantly decreased after acute dosing, whereas urinary PGE2 and fractional excretions of NaCl and free water decreased significantly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Example Output: Adult

Example Input: Abstract: The effects of intravenous (i.v.) and intracarotid (IC) angiotensin II (AII) infusion on systemic and renal hemodynamics, renal water excretion, and plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH) levels were examined in six conscious dogs under water loaded and hydropenic conditions. In the first group of seven studies, AII in a mean dose of 12.7 ng/kg/min was administered i.v. to water loaded dogs. The infusion induced a significant increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP, 99 to 118 mm Hg, P less than 0.001), and significant reductions in both glomerular filtration rate (GFR, 67 to 57 ml/min, P less than 0.05) and para-aminohippurate clearance (CPAH, 280 to 212 ml/min, P less than 0.005) occurred. Despite this decrement in renal hemodynamics, urine remained maximally dilute (Uosm, 58 to 61 mOsm/kg H2O, NS). Furthermore, plasma ADH was suppressed maximally after water load and did not increase after i.v. AII infusion. The IC infusion of AII (mean dose 5.8 ng/kg/min) produced similar changes in hemodynamics; plasma ADH remained undetectable. When AII was administered i.v. to hydropenic animals (mean dose 8.3 ng/kg/min), MAP again increased (86 to 111 mm Hg, P less than 0.001) as GFR (81.3 to 68.6 ml/min, NS) and CPAH (291 to 223 ml/min, P less than 0.05) declined modestly. In these animals, Uosm decreased significantly (1429 to 1114 mOsm/kg H2O, P less than 0.005) and plasma ADH did not change significantly (1.66 to 1.88 pg/ml, NS). When IC AII (4 ng/kg/min) was repeated in hydropenic dogs pretreated with indomethacin, neither Usom (1787 to 1664 mOsm/kg H2O, NS) nor plasma ADH were altered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Example Output: Angiotensin II

Example Input: Abstract: Of a total of 1561 patients registered in the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS) as of May 1983, 78 patients (5%) were younger than 1 year of age. These infants did not differ from the older children (1-20 years of age) in male/female ratio, clinical grouping, or survival rates. Infants younger than 1 year of age had a significantly greater frequency of undifferentiated sarcoma, 18% versus 7% in older children (P less than 0.005). Infants also had a significantly greater proportion of cancers with botryoid pathology, 10% versus 4% in older children (P less than 0.005). When reviewed by the newly proposed IRS cytopathologic classification, there was no difference in pathologic types between the two age groups. Infants younger than 1 year of age had a higher rate of bladder-prostate-vagina primary tumor sites than older children, 24% versus 10% (P less than 0.05). In addition, infants tended to receive less of the prescribed doses of chemotherapy and radiation therapy than older children, and to develop more toxicity to treatment than older children. Despite these differences, the overall survival curve for the two age groups appears to be similar. In contrast to Wilms' tumor and neuroblastoma, in which age (less than 1 year) is a favorable prognostic factor, age does not appear to be an important prognostic factor in rhabdomyosarcoma.
Example Output:
Antineoplastic Agents