Q: Svalbard (; prior to 1925 known by its Dutch name Spitsbergen, meaning "jagged mountains") is a Norwegian archipelago in the Arctic Ocean. Situated north of mainland Europe, it is about midway between continental Norway and the North Pole. The islands of the group range from 74 to 81 north latitude, and from 10 to 35 east longitude. The largest island is Spitsbergen, followed by Nordaustlandet and Edgeya.

Administratively, the archipelago is not part of any Norwegian county, but forms an unincorporated area administered by a governor appointed by the Norwegian government. Since 2002, Svalbard's main settlement, Longyearbyen, has had an elected local government, somewhat similar to mainland municipalities. Other settlements include the Russian mining community of Barentsburg, the research station of Ny-Alesund, and the mining outpost of Sveagruva. Ny-Alesund is the northernmost settlement in the world with a permanent civilian population. Other settlements are farther north, but are populated only by rotating groups of researchers.

The islands were first taken into use as a whaling base in the 17th and 18th centuries, after which they were abandoned. Coal mining started at the beginning of the 20th century, and several permanent communities were established. The Svalbard Treaty of 1920 recognizes Norwegian sovereignty, and the 1925 Svalbard Act made Svalbard a full part of the Kingdom of Norway. They also established Svalbard as a free economic zone and a demilitarized zone. The Norwegian Store Norske and the Russian Arktikugol remain the only mining companies in place. Research and tourism have become important supplementary industries, with the University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS) and the Svalbard Global Seed Vault playing critical roles. No roads connect the settlements; instead snowmobiles, aircraft and boats serve inter-community transport. Svalbard Airport, Longyear serves as the main gateway.

1. Svalbard Airport
2. as a whaling base
3. in the 17th and 18th centuries
4. no
5. rotating groups of researchers
6. no
7. Spitsbergen
8. prior to 1925
9. no
10. the Arctic Ocean
11. two
12. Research and tourism
13. Coal mining
14. at the beginning of the 20th century
15. Barentsburg
16. Longyearbyen has had an elected local government
17. "jagged mountains"
18. Nordaustlandet and Edgeya
19. Ny-Alesund
20. It made Svalbard a full part of the Kingdom of Norway.

Numbered questions:
1. what is the name of the airport?
2. what were the islands first used as?
3. when?
4. is it still used for the same purpose today?
5. who mainly stays further in the north?
6. is it part of any norwegian county?
7. what is it's dutch name?
8. when was it known by this name?
9. is it in the pacific ocean?
10. then where?
11. how many supplemental industries have become important?
12. which ones?
13. what kind of mining goes on?
14. when did this start?
15. which mining community can you find?
16. what has happened since 2002?
17. what does the dutch name mean?
18. Spitsbergen is bigger than which islands?
19. where is the research station?
20. what did the 1925 act do?

Q: Cornell University is a private and statutory Ivy League research university located in Ithaca, New York. Founded in 1865 by Ezra Cornell and Andrew Dickson White, the university was intended to teach and make contributions in all fields of knowledgefrom the classics to the sciences, and from the theoretical to the applied. These ideals, unconventional for the time, are captured in Cornell's motto, a popular 1865 Ezra Cornell quotation: "I would found an institution where any person can find instruction in any study."

The university is broadly organized into seven undergraduate colleges and seven graduate divisions at its main Ithaca campus, with each college and division defining its own admission standards and academic programs in near autonomy. The university also administers two satellite medical campuses, one in New York City and one in Education City, Qatar, and Cornell Tech, a graduate program that incorporates technology, business, and creative thinking. The program moved from Google's Chelsea Building in New York City to its permanent campus on Roosevelt Island in September 2017.

Cornell is one of three private land grant universities in the United States and the only one in New York. Of its seven undergraduate colleges, three are state-supported statutory or contract colleges through the State University of New York (SUNY) system, including its agricultural and human ecology colleges as well as its industrial labor relations school. Of Cornell's graduate schools, only the veterinary college is state-supported. As a land grant college, Cornell operates a cooperative extension outreach program in every county of New York and receives annual funding from the State of New York for certain educational missions. The Cornell University Ithaca Campus comprises 745 acres, but is much larger when the Cornell Botanic Gardens (more than 4,300 acres) and the numerous university-owned lands in New York City are considered.

1. seven
2. undergraduate
3. seven
4. yes
5. yes
6. three
7. yes
8. one
9. Ithaca
10. Ezra Cornell
11. Andrew Dickson White
12. 1865
13. no
14. unconventional
15. Ezra Cornell
16. extension
17. New York City
18. Education City, Qatar
19. yes
20. Roosevelt Island

Numbered questions:
1. How many colleges is the university organized into?
2. What type of colleges are they?
3. How many graduate divisions?
4. Do they set their own admissions policies?
5. What about academics?
6. How many private land grand colleges are in the US?
7. Is Cornell one?
8. How many in NY?
9. Which city is Cornell in?
10. Who was it founded by?
11. And?
12. When?
13. Were the ideals of the college at its founding normal?
14. How were they described?
15. Who commented on them?
16. Does the college have any satellite locations?
17. Where are these satellite campuses located?
18. Anywhere else?
19. Do they offer a graduate program for tech?
20. Where is its final location?

Q: A shire is a traditional term for a division of land, found in the United Kingdom and some other English speaking countries. It was first used in Wessex from the beginning of Anglo-Saxon settlement, and spread to most of the rest of England in the tenth century. In some rural parts of Australia, a shire is a local government area; however, in Australia it is not synonymous with a "county", which is a lands administrative division.

The word derives from the Old English "scir", itself a derivative of the Proto-Germanic "skizo" (cf. Old High German "scira"), meaning care or official charge. In the UK, "shire" is the original term for what is usually known now as a "county"; the word "county" having been introduced at the Norman Conquest of England. The two are nearly synonymous. Although in modern British usage counties are referred to as "shires" mainly in poetic contexts, terms such as Shire Hall remain common. Shire also remains a common part of many county names.

In regions with so-called rhotic pronunciation such as Scotland, the word "shire" is pronounced or . In non-rhotic areas the final R is silent unless the next word begins in a vowel. When "shire" is a suffix as part of a placename in England, the vowel is unstressed and thus usually shortened and/or monophthongised: pronunciations include , or sometimes , with the pronunciation of the final R again depending on rhoticity. In many words, the vowel is normally reduced all the way to a single schwa, as in for instance "Leicestershire" or "Berkshire" . Outside England, and especially in Scotland and the US, it is more common for "shire" as part of a placename to be pronounced identically to the full word, as a result of spelling pronunciation.

1. a term
2. a division of land
3. in the United Kingdom
4. in Wessex
5. the beginning of Anglo-Saxon settlement
6. Yes
7. in Australia
8. no
9. "scir"
10. Old English
11. care or official charge
12. yes

Numbered questions:
1. What is a shire?
2. For what?
3. Where is the word found?
4. When was it first used?
5. When?
6. Is it used outside of England?
7. Where?
8. Anyplace else?
9. What word does it come from?
10. Which is what language?
11. Meaning?
12. Does it mean the same as county?