Problem: Article: You can find the information you'll need to make this calculation on the company's balance sheet. You will have to make some decisions about which of the balance sheet accounts to include in your calculation of debt. Equity refers to the funds contributed by the stockholders, plus the company's earnings. The balance sheet should include a figure labeled as total equity. When determining debt, include interest-bearing, long term debt such as notes payable and bonds. Be sure to include the current amount of long-term debt. You'll find this in the current liabilities section of the balance sheet. Analysts often leave out current liabilities, such as accounts payable and accrued liabilities. These items provide little information about how a company is leveraged. This is because they do not reflect long-term commitments, but only the day-to-day operations of the business. Companies will sometimes keep certain expenditures off their balance sheets. This is to make their debt equity ratios look better. You should include certain off-balance sheet liabilities when calculating debt. Operating leases and unfunded pensions are two common off-balance sheet liabilities. These expenditures are often large enough to include in the debt to equity ratio. Other debt to look out for may come from joint ventures or research and development partnerships. Scan through the notes to the financial statements and look for off-balance sheet liabilities. Include those greater than 10% of the total of interest bearing debt. Find this ratio by dividing total debt by total equity. Start with the parts that you identified in Step 1 and plug them into this formula: Debt to Equity Ratio = Total Debt Total Equity. The result is the debt-to-equity ratio. For example, suppose a company has $300,000 of long-term interest bearing debt. The company also has $1,000,000 of total equity. This company would have a debt to equity ratio of 0.3 (300,000 / 1,000,000), meaning that total debt is 30% of total equity. Once you have calculated a company's debt to equity ratio, you can begin to develop an idea of its capital structure. Here are some things to keep in mind: A ratio of 0.3 or lower is considered healthy by many analysts. In recent years though, others have concluded that too little leverage is just as bad as too much leverage. Too little leverage can suggest a conservative management unwilling to take risk. A ratio of 1.0 means that the company funds its projects with an even mix of debt and equity. A ratio greater than 2.0 means that the company borrows a lot to finance operations. It means that creditors have twice as much money in the company as equity holders. Lower ratios mean that the company has less debt, and this reduces risk. A company with less debt will also have less exposure to interest rate increases and changes in credit conditions. Some companies will choose debt financing despite the increased risk. Debt financing allows a company to gain access to capital without diluting ownership. It may sometimes also result in higher earnings. If a company with lots of debt becomes profitable, a small number of owners may make a lot of money.
Summary: Determine the company's debt and equity. Watch out for expenditures that aren't listed on the balance sheet. Calculate the debt-to-equity ratio. Do a basic assessment of the firm's capital structure.

Problem: Article: Click the black Terminal icon on the left side of the screen. This will open the Terminal window. You can also press Ctrl+Alt+T to open Terminal. Type in sudo add-apt-repository ppa:teejee2008/ppa and press Enter. Ukuu is a free program that will find and install the correct kernel for you. Type in the password you use to log into your computer, then press Enter. You won't see any characters or stars appear while typing. Doing so adds the repository; this may take a few minutes, so don't type anything until the repository finishes adding. Type in sudo apt-get update and press Enter. The repository will briefly update, after which point you can continue. Type in sudo apt-get install ukuu and press Enter, then type in y when prompted and press Enter. Type in ukuu, then press Enter. If you see a list of commands appear in Terminal, Ukuu successfully installed. Type in sudo ukuu --install-latest and press Enter, then allow Ukuu to run. Skip this step if you want to use Ukuu's interface to install a kernel. If you would rather browse the available kernels using the Ukuu program, do the following: Click the "Applications" icon in the bottom-left corner of the screen. Scroll down and click Ukuu. Select the Kernel you want to install, then click Install. Enter your password when prompted, then click Authenticate. Click the "Menu" {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/8\/82\/Android7dropdown.png","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/8\/82\/Android7dropdown.png\/30px-Android7dropdown.png","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":460,"bigWidth":"30","bigHeight":"30","licensing":"<div class="mw-parser-output"><p>I edited this screenshot of an Android icon.
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<\/p><\/div>"} icon in the top-right corner of the screen, then click the "Power" {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/5\/5d\/Windowspower.png","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/5\/5d\/Windowspower.png\/30px-Windowspower.png","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":460,"bigWidth":"30","bigHeight":"30","licensing":"<div class="mw-parser-output"><p>I edited this screenshot of a Windows icon.
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<\/p><\/div>"} icon and click Restart in the resulting pop-up window. You can double-check that Ubuntu's installation of your kernel was successful by opening Terminal and entering uname -sr. You should see the version number of the most recent (or, if different, your selected) kernel.
Summary:
Open Terminal. Add the Ukuu repository. Enter your password when prompted. Press Enter when prompted. Update the repository. Install Ukuu. Verify that Ukuu installed. Install the latest available kernel. Install a kernel from the Ukuu program. Reboot your computer. Check your current kernel.