Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
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Question: This study aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes and the soft-tissue response to osseous genioplasty in patients with chin retrusion caused by early life facial burn injury.', 'Twenty-two consecutive patients with retrusive chin as a result of severe childhood facial burn were included in this study. Cephalometric analysis and photographs were used to assess the patients for eligibility of a surgical correction. Horizontal hard-tissue advancement and soft-tissue responses were measured as the primary outcomes at the early and late postoperative follow-up visits.', 'A total of 22 patients fulfilled the study requirements. Average preoperative distance between the pogonion, as the most anterior point of the anterior mandibular contour, and a perpendicular line connecting the nasion and the supramental point of the mandible was 0.82 1.1 mm, which increased significantly to 7.8 0.8 mm after genioplasty (p < 0.0001). Soft tissue was repositioned on average 6.1 0.4 mm anteriorly on average, which is in comparison with the amount of chin skeleton advancement, and a response ratio of 0.8:1 was calculated at late follow-up.

Answer: 0

Question: The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the process where cells lose their epithelial features and acquire properties of typical mesenchymal cells. The dissociation of tumor cells due to changes in cell-cell adhesion is one of the key principles of tumor invasion and EMT. Thus, the knowledge of the molecular features of EMT in keratocyst odontogenic tumor (KOT) can provide useful markers to aid in the diagnosis and prognosis and perhaps contribute to an alternative therapeutic approach as it shows an aggressive clinical behavior and high recurrence rates. This study aimed to evaluate the EMT in KOT by the immunoexpression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Snail, and Slug and comparing to radicular cysts and dental follicles.', 'Thirty-two KOTs, 15 radicular cysts, and 08 dental follicles were used for immunohistochemistry, evaluating the extent, intensity, labeling pattern, cellular compartment in the epithelium and stroma, and the presence of inflammation.', 'E-cadherin was preserved in most cases of keratocystic odontogenic tumor. N-cadherin was increased in the tumor epithelium, a result that was positively correlated with the heterogeneous and nuclear immunoexpression of Slug in the epithelium; Slug also correlated with high Snail immunoexpression. N-cadherin was positively correlated with Slug in the stroma of keratocystic odontogenic tumors.

Answer: 0

Question: Computed tomography (CT) is an imaging modality involving ionizing radiation. The presence of -H2AX foci after low to moderate ionizing radiation exposure has been demonstrated; however it is unknown whether very low ionizing radiation exposure doses from CT exams can induce -H2AX formation in vivo in young children.', 'To test whether very low ionizing radiation doses from CT exams can induce lymphocytic -H2AX foci (phosphorylated histones used as a marker of DNA damage) formation in vivo in young children.', 'Parents of participating children signed a consent form. Blood samples from three children (ages 3-21months) undergoing CT exams involving very low blood ionizing radiation exposure doses (blood doses of 0.22-1.22mGy) were collected immediately before and 1h post CT exams. Isolated lymphocytes were quantified for -H2AX foci by a technician blinded to the radiation status and dose of the patients. Paired t-tests and regression analyses were performed with significance levels set at P<0.05.', 'We observed a dose-dependent increase in -H2AX foci post-CT exams (P=0.046) among the three children. Ionizing radiation exposure doses led to a linear increase of foci per cell in post-CT samples (102% between lowest and highest dose).

Answer:
1