Much like Windows, Linux has support for four-digit codes that call special symbols. To access the code input, place your cursor where you want the dash and press Ctrl+ Shift+U. You will see an underlined "u" appear. Enter the code you need and the symbol will appear. To create an en dash, press 2013 and then press Enter. To create an em dash, press 2014 and then press Enter. If your keyboard doesn't have a dedicated Compose key, you can assign a key on your keyboard to become the Compose key, which will allow you to quickly create symbols. You should pick a key that you don't typically use. To map the Compose key, open your Settings in Linux, and then select Keyboard Layout. Click Options and then assign a key on your keyboard to be the Compose key. To create an en dash, press Compose and then --. To create an em dash, press Compose and then ---

Summary: Use codes to create dashes. Use the Compose key.

During the abdominal palpation, the vet feels the bitch's tummy for the presence of puppies. The earliest date that this is likely to be successful is at least 21 days after mating. At this early stage the vet is feeling for an enlarged, thickened womb rather than puppies (which are like small blobs of jelly at this point). The best time for abdominal palpation is day 28. This is because the puppies are now big enough to make a "bump" in the womb, much like beads strung along a necklace. By day 35, the each puppy is surrounded by his own fluid capsule and the vet feels something akin to a fluid string of sausages. Bear in mind that at 28 days each puppy swelling is a maximum of 25 mm (1 inch) in diameter, making it difficult to differentiate embryos in a womb from food in the gut or feces in the bowel. Furthermore, if your dog is tense and braces her belly wall, it can be impossible to feel anything worthwhilethe equivalent of trying to see through a window that has been painted over. Likewise, a single puppy can easily be missed, or mistaken for another structure such as the bladder, a kidney, or even feces in the bowel. Don't feel too frustrated with the veterinarian when she suggests a pregnancy test, as the abdominal palpitation can be inconclusive. The blood tests looks for high levels of the pregnancy hormone, progesterone. To be reliable, this test should be done after day 28. Before this it's possible to get false positive results, because the high levels might be a result of delayed decay of the hormone present during ovulation. However, after day 28, high levels of progesterone confirm pregnancy. Ultrasound scans are a popular way of confirming pregnancy, because in the hands of a skilled operator small changes in the womb can be detected as early as 18 days. The other advantage is that the technician may be able to give you an idea of how many puppies are in the litter, which is useful to know when it comes to the birth, or whelping. Placental units can be visible from day 18, and from day 28 the fetal heartbeats are visible. Note that the ultrasound is a noninvasive procedure that is done while your dog is conscious. The ultrasound equipment sends a beam of high-frequency sound waves toward your dog's uterus, and the waves created "echoes" which are converted into images. This is considered a safe procedure. The fur on your dog's abdomen needs to be clipped so that the probe can make good contact with the skin. X-rays have largely been replaced by ultrasound for detecting pregnancy in dogs. Because they are only of use once the fetal skeleton is calcified, which happens after day 49, the diagnosis is made relatively late in the pregnancy. As for safety, while the risk of irradiating puppies in the womb is unlikely to do harm, it is likely your dog will need to be sedated, because current health and safety regulations for the operators of x-ray equipment mean they are not allowed to be in the room when the exposure is made. Since many bitches, especially when heavily pregnant, are not comfortable lying still and are likely to get up when left, the only other option is to sedate them. Sedating a pregnant bitch is best avoided because of the risk of a drop in blood pressure to puppies in the womb. For these reasons, the use of radiography for pregnancy diagnosis has gone out of vogue.

Summary: Have an abdominal palpation to look for initial signs. Understand that abdominal palpitation can be problematic. Do a blood test after day 28. Have an ultrasound for early detection. Understand why radiography (x-ray) is not recommended.

Before you shop for a door, you'll need to know the exact size of the opening that the door needs to fill. Use a tape measure to measure the full width of the hole. Measure from stud to stud. Measure both the width and height of the opening. Write down these measurements so you can refer to them when shopping for a door. Before you measure, make sure to remove any boards or shims that may have been added to make the old door fit. Visit a home-supply storesuch as Home Depot or Lowe'sand look through their selection of glass doors. Make sure to bring your tape measure with you to confirm that the door you choose will fit well within the opening in your house. Glass door frames can be made of various materials, including wood, vinyl, or aluminum. The material and quality of the door will determine its cost. A simple 6 feet (1.8m) glass door will cost around $300. A pre-hung glass door (which is the easiest type to install) will range between $1,000 and $4,000 USD. Pre-hung sliding glass doors can be installed as a single unit. You won't need to assemble the frame before installing it in your wall. At this point, the opening that you pulled the old door out of will likely be cluttered and rough. Remove any leftover nails or torn material. You may also need to adjust the opening. Use a carpenter's level to make sure that the top, bottom, and side frames of the opening area all level. If any aren't level, you can use a shim to even out the door frame. If the frame is slightly too large for the sliding door you purchased, nail in one or more strips of 1x3 plywood to adjust the size of the opening.
Summary: Measure the opening for your glass door. Purchase a sliding glass door. Clean up and adjust the opening.