Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Earth's atmosphere is vital to life. The atmosphere provides the oxygen and carbon dioxide living things need for photosynthesis and respiration. Living things also need the ozone layer high in the atmosphere. Upper level ozone protects them from most of the Sun's harmful UV rays. Q: What layer high in the atmosphere protects living things from most of the sun's harmful uv rays? A:
OPTIONS:
- Mesosphere
- troposphere
- stratosphere
- ozone layer
Answer: ozone layer

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Flowers Flowers are modified leaves or sporophylls organized around a central stalk. Although they vary greatly in appearance, all flowers contain the same structures: sepals, petals, pistils, and stamens. A whorl of sepals (the calyx) is located at the base of the peduncle, or stem, and encloses the floral bud before it opens. Sepals are usually photosynthetic organs, although there are some exceptions. For example, the corolla in lilies and tulips consists of three sepals and three petals that look virtually identicalthis led botanists to coin the word tepal. Petals (collectively the corolla) are located inside the whorl of sepals and usually display vivid colors to attract pollinators. Flowers pollinated by wind are usually small and dull. The sexual organs are located at the center of the flower. As illustrated in Figure 14.25, the stigma, style, and ovary constitute the female organ, the carpel or pistil, which is also referred to as the gynoecium. A gynoecium may contain one or more carpels within a single flower. The megaspores and the female gametophytes are produced and protected by the thick tissues of the carpel. A long, thin structure called a style leads from the sticky stigma, where pollen is deposited, to the ovary enclosed in the carpel. The ovary houses one or more ovules that will each develop into a seed upon fertilization. The male reproductive organs, the androecium or stamens, surround the central carpel. Stamens are composed of a thin stalk called a filament and a sac-like structure, the anther, in which microspores are produced by meiosis and develop into pollen grains. The filament supports the anther. Q: Sepals, petals, pistils, and stamens are contained in all what, which are actually modified leaves or sporophylls organized around a central stalk? A:
OPTIONS:
- chlorophyll
- roots
- stems
- flowers
output: flowers

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The first period of the Paleozoic Era was the Cambrian. By the beginning of the Paleozoic, organisms evolved shells. Shells could hold their soft tissues together. Shells could protect them from predators and from drying out. Some organisms evolved external skeletons. These are called exoskeletons . Organisms with hard parts also make good fossils. Fossils from the Cambrian are much more abundant than fossils from the Precambrian. Q: The first period of the paleozoic era was called what? A:

OPTIONS:
- carboniferous
- permian
- ordovician
- cambrian

A: cambrian

input: OPTIONS:
- consumers
- trees
- herbivores
- bacteria Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Bacteria known as decomposers break down wastes and dead organisms into smaller molecules. These bacteria use the organic substrates they break down to get their energy, carbon, and nutrients they need for survival. Q: What organisms known as decomposers break down wastes and dead organisms into smaller molecules? A:
A:
output: bacteria

Answer the following question given this paragraph: An example of a physical model is a drawing of the layers of Earth ( Figure below ). A drawing helps us to understand the structure of the planet. Yet there are many differences between a drawing and the real thing. The size of a model is much smaller, for example. A drawing also doesn't give good idea of how substances move. Arrows showing the direction the material moves can help. A physical model is very useful but it can't explain the real Earth perfectly. Q: What was diorite commonly used for in ancient civilizations? A:

OPTIONS:
- school
- currency
- medicine
- art

Answer: art

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: 12.7 Molecular Transport Phenomena: Diffusion, Osmosis, and Related Processes 62. You can smell perfume very shortly after opening the bottle. To show that it is not reaching your nose by diffusion, calculate the average distance a perfume molecule moves in one second in air, given its diffusion constant D to be 1.0010 6 m 2 /s . What is the ratio of the average distances that oxygen will diffuse in a given time in air and water? Why is this distance less in water (equivalently, why is D less in water)? 64. Oxygen reaches the veinless cornea of the eye by diffusing through its tear layer, which is 0.500-mm thick. How long does it take the average oxygen molecule to do this? 65. (a) Find the average time required for an oxygen molecule to diffuse through a 0.200-mm-thick tear layer on the cornea. 3 (b) How much time is required to diffuse 0.500 cm of oxygen to the cornea if its surface area is 1.00 cm 2 ? 66. Suppose hydrogen and oxygen are diffusing through air. A small amount of each is released simultaneously. How much time passes before the hydrogen is 1.00 s ahead of the oxygen? Such differences in arrival times are used as an analytical tool in gas chromatography. Q: Oxygen reaches what veinless part of the eye by diffusing through its tear layer? A:

OPTIONS:
- retina
- pupil
- membranes
- cornea

A:
cornea