In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
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Question: Context: Mast cells have been associated with obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) in human pulmonary allografts, although their role in the development of OB remains unknown.', 'In this study, we evaluated the role of mast cells in pulmonary allograft rejection using an orthotopic rat pulmonary allograft model that utilizes chronic aspiration of gastric fluid to reliably obtain OB. Pulmonary allograft recipients (n = 35) received chronic aspiration of gastric fluid with (n = 10) and without (n = 16) treatment with a mast cell membrane stabilizer, cromolyn sodium, or chronic aspiration with normal saline (n = 9) as a control.', 'The acute graft injury associated with long ischemic time in the model (6 hours total ischemic time; typical acute graft injury rate ~30%) was apparently blocked by cromolyn, because peri-operative mortality associated with the acute graft injury was not observed in any of the animals receiving cromolyn (p = 0.045). Further, the rats receiving cromolyn developed significantly fewer OB lesions than those treated with gastric fluid alone (p < 0.001), with a mean reduction of 46% of the airways affected.\Question: Does cromolyn ameliorate acute and chronic injury in a rat lung transplant model?

Answer: These findings provide impetus for further studies aimed at elucidating the effects of cromolyn and the role of mast cells in pulmonary allotransplantation.

Question: Context: We investigated whether age-related macular degeneration risk factors are associated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) and homocysteine (HCY), systemic biomarkers for cardiovascular disease.', 'Subjects with a range of age-related macular maculopathies or no maculopathy at two centers in the United States were evaluated. Risk factors and biomarkers were assessed by questionnaire, direct measurement, or analyses of blood specimens.', 'Higher levels of serum antioxidants vitamin C and lutein/zeaxanthin and higher fish intake were associated with lower serum CRP levels, whereas serum vitamin E, smoking, and increased body mass index were associated with increased CRP. Serum vitamin E, serum alpha-carotene, and dietary intake of antioxidants and vitamin B6 were associated with lower levels of plasma HCY, whereas hypertension was associated with increased HCY.\Question: Are c-reactive protein and homocysteine associated with dietary and behavioral risk factors for age-related macular degeneration?

Answer: C-reactive protein and HCY levels are related to traditional dietary and behavioral factors associated with age-related macular degeneration.

Question: Context: Oxidative stress has been reported to be a main cause of neuronal cell death in ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an important factor involved in anti-oxidative responses. We previously reported that bardoxolone methyl (BARD), an Nrf2 activator, prevented damage induced by IRI. In this study, we investigated the effect of BARD on hemorrhagic transformation in the context of blood brain barrier (BBB) protection.', 'Mice received pre-treatment with warfarin (4.0 mg/kg, p.o.). IRI was subsequently induced 18 h after the warfarin administration by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 6 h. BARD (0.06, 0.2, 0.6 or 2.0 mg/kg) or saline was injected intravenously immediately after reperfusion. The infarct volume, neurological score, intracranial hemorrhage volume, and BBB permeability were evaluated 24 h after MCAO. The survival rate and behavioral functional recovery were evaluated for 7 days following IRI. Furthermore, the effects of BARD on BBB components were investigated by western blotting and immunostaining analysis.', 'BARD suppressed warfarin-mediated increases in the intracranial hemorrhage volume without affecting the infarct volume. BBB permeability was also suppressed by administration of BARD. Western blotting showed that BARD increased expression of BBB components such as endothelial cells, pericytes, and tight junction proteins. Furthermore, immunostaining showed that BARD induced localization of Nrf2 to endothelial cells and pericytes.\Question: Does nrf2 activator ameliorate hemorrhagic transformation in focal cerebral ischemia under warfarin anticoagulation?

Answer:
BARD suppressed the exacerbation hemorrhage caused by warfarin pretreatment and ameliorated BBB disruption by protecting endothelial cells, pericytes, and tight junction protein expressions. These results indicate that Nrf2 activators may be an effective therapy against hemorrhagic transformation caused by anticoagulant drugs.