Q:Information: - Kamenz is a town ("Groe Kreisstadt") in the district of Bautzen in Saxony, Germany. Until 2008 it was the administrative seat of Kamenz District. The town is known as the birthplace of the philosopher and poet Gotthold Ephraim Lessing. - Rolf Huisgen (born 13 June 1920) is a German chemist. He was born in Gerolstein in the Rhineland-Palatinate and studied in Munich under the supervision of Heinrich Otto Wieland. After completing his Ph.D. in 1943 and his habilitation in 1947, he was named professor at the University of Tubingen in 1949. He returned to the University of Munich in 1952 where he remained dedicated to research long after attaining emeritus status in 1988. - In organic chemistry, functional groups are specific groups (moieties) of atoms or bonds within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. The same functional group will undergo the same or similar chemical reaction(s) regardless of the size of the molecule it is a part of. However, its relative reactivity can be modified by other functional groups nearby. The atoms of functional groups are linked to each other and to the rest of the molecule by covalent bonds. Any subgroup of atoms of a compound also may be called a radical, and if a covalent bond is broken homolytically, the resulting fragment radicals are referred as free radicals. Functional groups can also be charged, e.g. in carboxylate salts (-COO), which turns the molecule into a polyatomic ion or a complex ion. - The Steglich esterification is a variation of an esterfication with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as a coupling reagent and 4 - dimethylaminopyridine as a catalyst . The reaction was first described by Wolfgang Steglich in 1978 . It is an adaptation of an older method for the formation of amides by means of DCC ( dicyclohexylcarbodiimide ) and 1 - hydroxybenzotriazole ( HOBT ) . This reaction generally takes place at room temperature . A suitable solvent is dichloromethane . Because the reaction is mild , esters can be obtained that are inaccessible through other methods for instance esters of the sensitive 1,4 - dihydroxybenzoic acid . A characteristic is the formal uptake of water generated in the reaction by DCC , forming the urea compound dicyclohexylurea ( DCU ) . - The connectivity of a molecule often has a strong influence on its physical and chemical properties and behavior. Two molecules composed of the same numbers of the same types of atoms (i.e. a pair of isomers) might have completely different chemical and/or physical properties if the atoms are connected differently or in different positions. In such cases, a structural formula is useful, as it illustrates which atoms are bonded to which other ones. From the connectivity, it is often possible to deduce the approximate shape of the molecule. - Habilitation is a post-doctoral qualification or academic degree at some European and Central Asian, North African, and Latin American universities. It is conferred for a habilitation thesis based on independent scholarship, which was reviewed by and successfully defended before an academic committee in a process similar to that of a doctoral dissertation. In some countries, a habilitation degree is a required formal qualification to independently teach and examine a designated subject at the university level. - An amide (or or ), also known as an acid amide, is a compound with the functional group RE(O)NR (R and R refer to H or organic groups). Most common are carboxamides (organic amides) ("n"=1, E=C, "x"=1), but many other important types of amides are known, including phosphoramides ("n"=2, E=P, "x"=1 and many related formulas) and sulfonamides (E=S, "x"=2). The term amide refers both to "classes of compounds" and to the "functional group" (RE(O)NR) within those compounds. - The University of Bonn is a public research university located in Bonn, Germany. Founded in its present form in 1818, as the linear successor of earlier academic institutions, the University of Bonn is today one of the leading universities in Germany. The University of Bonn offers a large number of undergraduate and graduate programs in a range of subjects. Its library holds more than five million volumes. The University of Bonn has 544 professors and 32,500 students. Among its notable alumni and faculty are seven Nobel Laureates, three Fields Medalist, twelve Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize winners, Prince Albert, Pope Benedict XVI, Frederick III, Karl Marx, Heinrich Heine, Friedrich Nietzsche, Konrad Adenauer, and Joseph Schumpeter. The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2016 and the Academic Ranking of World Universities 2015 ranked the University of Bonn as one of the 100 best universities in the world. - Life. Wolfgang Steglich was born in Kamenz and studied chemistry at the Technical University of Berlin and later at the Technical University of Munich where he received his PhD in 1959 for work with Friedrich Weygand. After his habilitation at the Technical University of Munich he became professor at the Technical University of Munich in 1969 where he stayed until he became professor at the University of Bonn in 1975. He succeeded Rolf Huisgen as head of the organic chemistry department of the University of Munich in 1991. He retired in 2001. - The Technical University of Munich (TUM) is a research university with campuses in Munich, Garching and Freising-Weihenstephan. It is a member of TU9, an incorporated society of the largest and most notable German institutes of technology. - Pyridine is a basic heterocyclic organic compound with the chemical formula CHN. It is structurally related to benzene, with one methine group (=CH) replaced by a nitrogen atom. The pyridine ring occurs in many important compounds, including azines and the vitamins niacin and pyridoxine. - 4-Dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) is a derivative of pyridine with the chemical formula (CH)NCHN. This colourless solid is of interest because it is more basic than pyridine, owing to the resonance stabilisation from the NMe substituent. - The Technische Universitat Berlin, known as TU Berlin and unofficially as the Technical University of Berlin, is a research university located in Berlin, Germany. It was founded in 1879 and became one of the most prestigious education institutions in Europe. It has one of the highest proportions of international students in Germany, almost 20 % were enrolled in 2016. What object entity has the relation of 'instance of' with the subject 'steglich esterification'? Choices: - 1975 - academic degree - behavior - berlin - chemical - chemical reaction - committee - derivative - district - education - faculty - five - group - groe kreisstadt - head - june - member - molecule - organic compound - public - research - scholarship - seat - seven - shape - society - status - thesis - three - town - university - work
A:
chemical reaction