TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.
PROBLEM: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Eliminating Kickbacks in Recovery
Act of 2018''.

SEC. 2. CRIMINAL PENALTIES.

(a) In General.--Chapter 11 of title 18, United States Code, is
amended by inserting after section 219 the following:
''Sec. 220. Illegal remunerations for referrals to recovery homes and
clinical treatment facilities
''(a) Offense.--Except as provided in subsection (c), it shall be
unlawful to, in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce, knowingly
and willfully--
''(1) solicit or receive any remuneration (including any
kickback, bribe, or rebate) directly or covertly, in cash or in
kind, in return for referring a patient or patronage to a
recovery home or clinical treatment facility;
''(2) being a recovery home or clinical treatment facility,
or an officer or employee of a recovery home or clinical
treatment facility acting in the course of their employment,
pay or offering any remuneration (including any kickback,
bribe, or rebate) directly or covertly, in cash or in kind,
to--
''(A) a person in exchange for the person referring
an individual to that recovery home or clinical
treatment facility; or
''(B) an individual in exchange for that individual
using the services of that recovery home or clinical
treatment facility; or
''(3) being a clinical service provider, or an officer or
employee of a clinical service provider acting in the course of
their employment, pay, solicit, or receive any remuneration
(including any kickback, bribe, or rebate) directly or
covertly, in cash or in kind, to a recovery home or clinical
treatment facility, or to an officer or employee of a recovery
home or clinical treatment facility, in exchange for referring
an individual with a substance use disorder to a clinical
service provider for clinical services.
''(b) Penalty.--Any person who violates subsection (a) shall be
fined not more than $200,000, imprisoned not more than 10 years, or
both.
''(c) Applicability.--Subsection (a) shall not apply to--
''(1) a discount or other reduction in price obtained by a
provider of services or other entity under a health care
benefit program if the reduction in price is properly disclosed
and appropriately reflected in the costs claimed or charges
made by the provider or entity;
''(2) any amount paid by an employer to an employee (who
has a bona fide employment relationship with such employer) for
employment in the provision of covered items or services and
the employee's remuneration is not determined by the number of
individuals referred to a particular recovery home or clinical
treatment facility;
''(3) any amount paid by a vendor of goods or services to a
person authorized to act as a purchasing agent for a group of
individuals or entities who are furnishing services reimbursed
if--
''(A) the person has a written contract, with each
such individual or entity, which specifies the amount
to be paid to the person, which amount may be a fixed
amount or a fixed percentage of the value of the
purchases made by each such individual or entity under
the contract; and
''(B) in the case of a recovery home or clinical
treatment facility that is a provider of services, the
person discloses to the health care benefit program the
remuneration received from each such vendor with
respect to purchases made by or on behalf of the
entity;
''(4) a discount in the price of an applicable drug of a
manufacturer that is furnished to an applicable beneficiary
under the Medicare coverage gap discount program under section
1860D-14A(g) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395w-
114a(g));
''(5) any payment made by a principal to an agent as
compensation for the services of the agent under a personal
services and management contract that meets the requirements of
section 1001.952(d) of title 42, Code of Federal Regulations,
as in effect on the date of enactment of this section;
''(6) a waiver or discount (as defined in section
1001.952(h)(5) of title 42, Code of Federal Regulations, as in
effect on the date of enactment of this section) of any
coinsurance or copayment by a health care benefit program, as
determined by the health care benefit program; or
''(7) any remuneration between a health center or entity
described under clause (i) or (ii) of section 1905(l)(2)(B) of
the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1396d(l)(2)(B)) and any
individual or entity providing goods, items, services,
donations, loans, or a combination thereof, to such health
center entity pursuant to a contract, lease, grant, or other
agreement, if such agreement contributes to the ability of the
health center entity to maintain or increase the availability,
or enhance the quality, of services provided to a medically
underserved population served by the health center entity.
''(d) Intent Requirement.--With respect to a violation of this
section, a person need not have actual knowledge of this section or
specific intent to commit a violation of this section.
''(e) Definitions.--In this section--
''(1) the terms 'applicable beneficiary' and 'applicable
drug' have the meanings given those terms in section 1860D-
14A(g) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395w-114a(g));
''(2) the term 'clinical treatment facility' means a
medical setting other than a hospital that provides
detoxification, risk reduction, outpatient treatment,
residential treatment, or rehabilitation for substance use;
''(3) the term 'health care benefit program' has the
meaning given the term in section 24(b); and
''(4) the term 'recovery home' means a shared living
environment free from alcohol and illicit drug use and centered
on peer support and connections to promote sustained recovery
from substance use disorders.''.
(b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections for chapter 11 of
title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item
related to section 219 the following:

''220. Illegal remunerations for referrals to recovery homes and
clinical treatment facilities.''.

SOLUTION: Eliminating Kickbacks in Recovery Act of 2018 This bill amends the federal criminal code make it a crime to knowingly and willfully solicit, receive, pay, or offer payment for referrals to a recovery home or clinical treatment facility, subject to limitations. A violator is subject to criminal penaltiesa fine, a prison term of up to 10 years, or both.

PROBLEM: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Native American Education
Opportunity Act''.

SEC. 2. NATIVE AMERICAN EDUCATION OPPORTUNITY PROGRAM.

(a) In General.--Part B of title XI of the Education Amendments of
1978 (25 U.S.C. 2000 et seq.) is amended--
(1) by redesignating section 1141 as section 1142; and
(2) by inserting after section 1140 the following:

''SEC. 1141. BUREAU FUNDING OF TRIBAL-BASED EDUCATION SAVINGS ACCOUNT
PROGRAMS.

''(a) Program Authorized.--
''(1) Bureau disbursements.--At the request of Tribes, the
Secretary of the Interior shall, for the 2018-2019 school year
and each subsequent school year, disburse not more than 90
percent of the amounts made available under sections 1127 and
1130 for the school year to such Tribes that administer
education savings account programs to enable the Tribes to
award grants to education savings accounts for ESA eligible
students for such school year, in accordance with subsection
(b).
''(2) Applicability.--This section shall apply with respect
to ESA eligible students who have submitted their application
for participation under this section to the Tribe of which the
student is an enrolled member on or after January 1, 2018.
''(3) Account administration.--
''(A) In general.--A Tribe may enter into an
agreement with a nonprofit entity for the
administration of the accounts created through the
Tribe's education savings account program.
''(B) Nonprofit entity defined.--In this paragraph,
the term 'nonprofit entity' means an entity that is
described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue
Code of 1986 and is exempt from taxation under section
501(a) of such Code.
''(4) Use of funds.--Funds disbursed to a Tribe under this
section may be used for--
''(A) private school tuition and fees;
''(B) textbooks, curriculum, and instructional
materials;
''(C) academic, Native language, or cultural
tutoring;
''(D) educational services and therapies for
students with special needs;
''(E) tuition and fees for a non-public online
learning program;
''(F) educational technology;
''(G) examination fees; or
''(H) transportation to and from a school not to
exceed $2,000 per year, per ESA eligible student.
''(b) Disbursements.--
''(1) Amount.--The amount disbursed by the Secretary of the
Interior under subsection (a) to a Tribe shall be, with respect
to each ESA eligible student for which the Tribe awards a grant
under this section for a school year, the lesser of--
''(A) the amount of the grant provided by the Tribe
to the education savings account of the ESA eligible
student for the applicable school year; and
''(B) 90 percent of the amount that the Secretary
would provide to a Bureau-funded school on behalf of
such student for the applicable school year under
sections 1127 and 1130.
''(2) Quarterly disbursements.--A Tribe that receives a
disbursement amount under subsection (a) shall make quarterly
grant distributions of such amount to education savings
accounts for ESA eligible students.
''(3) Limitation.--A Tribe shall allocate not more than 15
percent of the amount received per pupil under this section to
the administration of the education savings account programs of
the Tribe.
''(4) Roll over and remaining funds in an account.--Not
more than 50 percent of an ESA eligible student's total grant
amount for a school year made under this section may roll over
for use to the following school year.
''(c) Effect on Allotments.--For purposes of any calculation
regarding the total number of eligible Indian students under section
1127, the Secretary shall include all ESA eligible students who
participate in an education savings account program under this section.
''(d) Rule of Construction.--A grant awarded to an ESA eligible
student under this section shall be considered assistance to the
student and shall not be considered assistance to a school that enrolls
the ESA eligible student or any other educational service provider from
which the ESA eligible student receives services.
''(e) Definitions.--In this section:
''(1) ESA eligible student.--
''(A) In general.--The term 'ESA eligible student'
means an individual who--
''(i) is--
''(I) an elementary school or
secondary school student who attended a
Bureau-funded school in the semester
preceding the date on which the student
first applies for participation in an
education savings account program; or
''(II) a child who will be eligible
to attend a Bureau-funded school for
kindergarten or any other elementary
school grade in the next semester that
will start after the date on which the
student first applies for participation
in an education savings account
program;
''(ii) will not be attending a Bureau-
funded school, receiving an education savings
account from another Tribe, or attending a
public elementary school or secondary school,
while the student is participating in an
education savings account program of a Tribe;
and
''(iii) meets any eligibility requirements
of the education savings account program of the
Tribe in which the student applies to
participate.
''(B) Period of eligibility.--A student who meets
the requirements of clauses (i) and (iii) of
subparagraph (A) for a school year and who was an
enrolled member of the Tribe to which the student
submitted an application for participation in the
education savings account program of the Tribe at the
time of submitting the application to the Tribe shall
be deemed to meet the requirements of such clauses
until the date on which the student graduates high
school or reaches the age of 21 years, whichever occurs
first.
''(2) Education savings account program.--The term
'education savings account program' means a program
administered by a Tribe in which the Tribe awards a grant to an
account controlled by a parent of an elementary school or
secondary school student from which the parent may purchase
goods and services needed for the education of the student.
''(3) Parent.--The term 'parent' means a parent, guardian,
custodian, or other person with the authority to act on behalf
of an ESA eligible student.
''(4) Tribe.--The term 'Tribe' means any recognized Indian
tribe included on the current list published by the Secretary
of the Interior under section 104 of the Federally Recognized
Indian Tribe Act of 1994 (25 U.S.C. 5131).''.
(b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 1126(c) of the Education
Amendments of 1978 (25 U.S.C. 2006(c)) is amended by striking ''section
1141(12)'' and inserting ''section 1142(12)''.
(c) GAO Study.--Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment
of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall--
(1) conduct a review of the implementation of the
amendments made by this Act during the preceding 3-year period,
including any factors impacting increased participation in
education savings account programs established pursuant to the
amendments made by this Act;
(2) submit a report describing the results of the review
under paragraph (1) to--
(A) the Committee on Indian Affairs of the Senate;
and
(B) the Subcommittee on Indian, Insular and Alaska
Native Affairs of the Committee on Natural Resources of
the House of Representatives; and
(3) publish the report under paragraph (2).

SOLUTION: Native American Education Opportunity Act This bill amends the Education Amendments of 1978 to require the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), at the request of a federally recognized Indian tribe, to provide funds for tribal education savings account programs to make grants to education savings accounts for students who: (1)attended or will be eligible to attend a BIA-funded school; (2) will not be attending a BIA-funded school, receiving an education savings account from another tribe, or attending public elementary or secondary school while participating in the program; and (3) meet program eligibility requirements. Funds may be used for: private school tuition and fees; textbooks, curriculum, and instructional materials; academic, Native language, or cultural tutoring; educational services and therapies for students with special needs; tuition and fees for a private online learning program; educational technology; examination fees; or transportation to and from school. Three years after this bill's enactment, the Government Accountability Office must review the implementation of the bill, including any factors impacting increased participation in education savings account programs.

PROBLEM: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Hiring Incentives to Reinvest and
Incentivize New Growth Act of 2010'' or the ''HIRING Act of 2010''.

SEC. 2. REFUNDABLE CREDIT FOR INCREASING EMPLOYMENT.

(a) In General.--Subpart C of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1
of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to refundable credits)
is amended by inserting after section 36A the following new section:

''SEC. 36B. CREDIT FOR INCREASING EMPLOYMENT.

''(a) In General.--There shall be allowed as a credit against the
tax imposed by this subtitle--
''(1) for any taxable year beginning in 2010, an amount
equal to 15 percent of the excess (if any) of--
''(A) the aggregate wages paid during 2010, over
''(B) the inflation-adjusted wages paid during
2009, and
''(2) for any taxable year beginning in 2011, an amount
equal to 10 percent of the excess (if any) of--
''(A) the aggregate wages paid during 2011, over
''(B) the inflation-adjusted wages paid during
2010.
''(b) Quarterly Advance Payments of Credit.--
''(1) In general.--The Secretary shall pay (without
interest) to each employer for each calendar quarter an amount
equal to the credit percentage of the excess (if any) of--
''(A) the aggregate wages paid by the employer
during such quarter, over
''(B) the inflation-adjusted wages paid by the
employer during the comparable quarter of the preceding
calendar year.
''(2) Credit percentage.--For purposes of paragraph (1),
the credit percentage is--
''(A) 15 percent in the case of the calendar
quarters of 2010, and
''(B) 10 percent in the case of the calendar
quarters of 2011.
''(3) Reconciliation.--
''(A) In general.--If there is a payment under
paragraph (1) for 1 or more calendar quarters ending
with or within a taxable year, then the tax imposed by
this chapter for such taxable year shall be increased
by the aggregate amount of such payments.
''(B) Reconciliation.--Any increase in tax under
subparagraph (A) shall not be treated as tax imposed by
this chapter for purposes of determining the amount of
any credit (other than the credit under subsection (a))
allowable under this part.
''(4) Time for filing claim.--No claim shall be allowed
under this subsection with respect to any calendar quarter
unless filed on or before the earlier of--
''(A) the last day of the succeeding quarter, or
''(B) the time prescribed by law for filing the
return of tax imposed by this chapter for the taxable
year in which or with which such quarter ends.
''(5) Interest.--Notwithstanding paragraph (1), if the
Secretary has not paid pursuant to a claim filed under this
subsection within 45 days of the date of the filing of such
claim (20 days in the case of an electronic claim), the claim
shall be paid with interest from such date determined by using
the overpayment rate and method under section 6621.
''(c) Total Wages Must Increase.--The amount of credit allowed
under this section for any taxable year shall not exceed the amount
which would be so allowed for such year if--
''(1) the aggregate amounts taken into account as wages
were determined without any dollar limitation, and
''(2) 103 percent of the amount of wages otherwise required
to be taken into account under subsection (a)(1)(B) or
subsection (a)(2)(B), as the case may be, were taken into
account.
''(d) Inflation-Adjusted Wages; Wages.--For purposes of this
section--
''(1) Inflation-adjusted wages.--
''(A) In general.--The term 'inflation-adjusted
wages' means, for any period--
''(i) the aggregate wages paid by the
employer during such period, increased by
''(ii) an amount equal to the inflation
percentage of such wages.
''(B) Inflation percentage.--The inflation
percentage is--
''(i) 3 percent for purposes of determining
inflation-adjusted wages for periods during
2009, and
''(ii) 5 percent for purposes of
determining inflation-adjusted wages for
periods during 2010.
''(2) Wages.--
''(A) In general.--Except as provided in
subparagraph (B), the term 'wages' means, with respect
to any calendar year, so much of wages (as defined in
section 3121(a)) as does not exceed the median
household income in the United States for the preceding
calendar year.
''(B) Railway labor.--In the case of remuneration
subject to the tax imposed by 3201(a), the term 'wages'
means, with respect to any calendar year, so much of
compensation (as defined in section 3231(e)) as does
not exceed the median household income in the United
States for the preceding calendar year.
''(e) Special Rules.--
''(1) Adjustments for certain acquisitions, etc.--
''(A) Acquisitions.--If, after December 31, 2008,
an employer acquires the major portion of a trade or
business of another person (hereinafter in this
subparagraph referred to as the 'predecessor') or the
major portion of a separate unit of a trade or business
of a predecessor, then, for purposes of applying this
section for any calendar year ending after such
acquisition, the amount of wages deemed paid by the
employer during periods before such acquisition shall
be increased by so much of such wages paid by the
predecessor with respect to the acquired trade or
business as is attributable to the portion of such
trade or business acquired by the employer.
''(B) Dispositions.--If, after December 31, 2008--
''(i) an employer disposes of the major
portion of any trade or business of the
employer or the major portion of a separate
unit of a trade or business of the employer in
a transaction to which subparagraph (A)
applies, and
''(ii) the employer furnishes the acquiring
person such information as is necessary for the
application of subparagraph (A),
then, for purposes of applying this section for any
calendar year ending after such disposition, the amount
of wages deemed paid by the employer during periods
before such disposition shall be decreased by so much
of such wages as is attributable to such trade or
business or separate unit.
''(2) Change in status from self-employed to employee.--
If--
''(A) during 2009 or 2010 an individual has net
earnings from self-employment (as defined in section
1402(a)) which are attributable a trade or business,
and
''(B) for any portion of the succeeding calendar
year such individual is an employee of such trade or
business,
then, for purposes of determining the credit allowable for a
taxable year beginning in such succeeding calendar year, the
employer's aggregate wages for 2009 or 2010, as the case may
be, shall be increased by an amount equal to so much of the net
earnings referred to in subparagraph (A) as does not exceed the
median household income in the United States for 2009 or 2010,
as the case may be.
''(3) Certain other rules to apply.--Rules similar to the
following rules shall apply for purposes of this section:
''(A) Section 51(f) (relating to remuneration must
be for trade or business employment).
''(B) Section 51(k) (relating to treatment of
successor employers; treatment of employees performing
services for other persons).
''(C) Section 52 (relating to special rules).
''(4) Short taxable years.--If the employer has more than 1
taxable year beginning in 2010 or 2011, the credit under this
section shall be determined for the employer's last taxable
year beginning in 2010 or 2011, as the case may be.
''(f) Tax-Exempt Employers Treated as Taxpayers.--Solely for
purposes of this section and section 6402, employers exempt from tax
under section 501(a) shall be treated as taxpayers.''.
(b) Denial of Double Benefit.--Subsection (a) of section 280C of
such Code is amended by inserting ''36B(a),'' before ''45A(a)''.
(c) Conforming Amendments.--
(1) Section 1324(b)(2) of title 31, United States Code, is
amended by inserting ''36B,'' after ''36A,''.
(2) The table of sections for subpart C of part IV of
subchapter A of chapter 1 of such Code is amended by inserting
after the item relating to section 36A the following new item:

''Sec. 36B. Credit for increasing employment.''.
(d) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall
apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2009.
(e) Notice of Availability of Credit.--The Secretary of the
Treasury shall work with the State Employment Security Agencies to
inform businesses of the availability of section 36B of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986 (as added by this Act).

SOLUTION:
Hiring Incentives to Reinvest and Incentivize New Growth Act of 2010 or the HIRING Act of 2010 - Amends the Internal Revenue Code to allow employers, including tax-exempt employers, a refundable tax credit for increases in wages paid during 2010 and 2011.

Directs the Secretary of the Treasury to work with state employment agencies to inform businesses of the availability of the tax credit allowed by this Act.