INPUT ARTICLE: Article: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) problems may be caused by traumatic arthritis, osteoarthritis, or rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoarthritis is most common in adults over 50 years of age. All forms of TMJ arthritis cause stiffness, pain, grating, swelling, and limited range of motion. Before you treat for TMJ arthritis, it's important to have confirmation that the problem is, in fact, arthritis. In most cases, an X-ray or cat scan can confirm TMJ arthritis based on the observed flattening and lipping of the condyle, the rounded prominence at the end of a bone. The exception to this is traumatic arthritis, which does not typically show up on an X-ray unless a pooling of fluids or a hemorrhage causes a widening of the joint, which would then be visible in an X-ray. The diagnosis of headache, such as cluster headache, migraine, temporal arteritis, and stroke, must be ruled out before a TMJ diagnosis, especially if you are having headache symptoms. Though arthritis cannot be cured, there are a number of treatments that can be administered to reduce jaw pain associated with arthritis. Many doctors recommend non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to treat the symptoms of traumatic TMJ arthritis. Try sticking to a soft food diet to avoid unnecessary jaw movement. Use a warm compress. Apply the compress for 20 minutes, then remove the compress and exercising the jaw by moving it open and shut, then side to side. Try repeating this treatment three to five times daily, as needed. Try wearing a bite guard. This may give some patients relief from pain or discomfort. Though this type of arthritis can be painful, especially if the jaws have begun to move closer together, there are steps that can be taken to manage the pain and treat the symptoms. Wear a mouth guard or bite plate. These can be worn during the day or overnight to help reduce pain and grating in patients with osteoarthritic TMJ pain. Try applying a warm compress for 20 minutes, then exercising the jaw. Move the jaw open and closed, then move the lower jaw from side to side. Stick to soft foods. Avoid anything hard or crunchy. Try an over-the-counter pain reliever, like acetaminophen or ibuprofen, to reduce pain and inflammation during particularly painful periods. The treatment for rheumatoid TMJ pain is similar to rheumatoid pain in other joints. Typical treatments may include: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Jaw exercises to maintain range of motion when pain is at a minimum A cold compress may be applied to reduce pain and inflammation. Apply the cold compress to the affected side of the jaw for 20 minutes on, followed by 20 minutes off. In severe cases, some doctors may recommend surgery to prevent rheumatoid arthritis from limiting jaw function. Surgery is usually considered a last option when all other alternatives have been exhausted, due to the risk of complications associated with surgery. Pain relievers may be used to reduce pain and inflammation in all forms of TMJ arthritis. Consult with your doctor on a medication plan that works best for your symptoms. Pain relievers, both over-the-counter and prescription-strength, can help manage the pain associated with TMJ arthritis. Muscle relaxants may be prescribed by your doctor for short periods of time (a few days to several weeks in length) to help manage pain and make movement easier. Sedatives may be recommended by your doctor to help you sleep at night, if TMJ pain is keeping you awake. Your doctor may recommend supervised cortisone injections to treat pain and inflammation.

SUMMARY: Understand what causes TMJ problems. Diagnose TMJ arthritis. Treat traumatic TMJ arthritis. Treat osteoarthritic TMJ pain. Treat rheumatoid arthritis TMJ pain. Use medication for all forms of TMJ arthritis.

INPUT ARTICLE: Article: You can reset your iPod using the Find My iPhone website, as long as your iPod was registered with your Apple ID and Find My iPod was enabled in the iCloud menu. This will only work if the iPod is currently connected to a wireless network. Because you'll be doing this remotely, you won't be able to create a new backup. This means all of your data will be lost, but you'll be able to load any previous backups you may have created. icloud.com/find on another computer or device. You can use a web browser on any device or computer, or the Find My iPhone app on another iOS device. Make sure you log in with the same Apple ID associated with your iPod. This will display all of your Apple devices that are connected with your Apple ID. The map will center on it, and details will appear in a card. This will send a signal to your iPod to begin the reset process. The reset process will take a little while to complete. If your iPod cannot be contacted by Find My iPhone, you'll need to try another method in this article. Once the reset is finished, you'll be prompted to setup your iPod as if it were new. You'll be given the option to load a backup if you've made one in the past, otherwise the device will be fresh and need to be reloaded with music.

SUMMARY: Use this method if you don't have access to your computer. Visit . Log in with your Apple ID. Click the "All Devices" button at the top of the window. Select your iPod from the list. Click the "Erase" button and confirm. Setup your iPod like new.

INPUT ARTICLE: Article: Don't immediately switch gears when you finish reading. (Switching gears immediately is the surest way to erase everything you just read from your short term memory.) You will process better and remember more if you take a few minutes to reflect on what you read. Reflect on your pre-reading (fit it into the course goals). Write a summary. Here are some sample questions you could discuss: What is this writer's purpose? Who is the audience? What are the main points/topics covered? What reasons and evidence support these main points? How is it relevant to this course? Context. What am I supposed to learn from this? How and how strongly do I react to this? Why? Question the material. What do I think is wrong/right? Why? What reasons do I have for my beliefs? This helps move the material from short-term to long-term memory. If you find you need to review the material in order to complete your assignment, you will be able to find the parts you need more quickly.

SUMMARY:
Reflect on what you have read. Try using two or more of the following strategies: Review the reading material within 24 hours to process it again. Begin any assignments promptly after reading the text.