Question: The Taft -- Hartley Act outlawed the closed shop in the United States in 1947. The union shop was ruled illegal by the Supreme Court. States that have passed right-to-work laws go further by not allowing employers to require employees to pay the agency fee. An employer may not lawfully agree with a union to hire only union members, but it may agree to require employees to join the union or pay the equivalent of union dues to it, within a set period after starting employment. Similarly, while a union could require an employer that had agreed to a closed shop contract prior to 1947 to fire an employee who had been expelled from the union for any reason, it can not demand that an employer fire an employee under a union shop contract for any reason other than failure to pay those dues that are uniformly required of all employees.

The federal law which made closed shops and preferential shops illegal was the?
Answer: To answer the question, consider the following: The Taft -- Hartley Act outlawed the closed shop in the United States in 1947. The answer is The Taft -- Hartley Act.

Question: In the 1930s, a slang version rendered the saying as "Mind your own beeswax". It is meant to soften the force of the retort. Folk etymology has it that this idiom was used in the colonial period when women would sit by the fireplace making wax candles together, though there are many other theories.

Answer this question based on the passage: where did mind your own beeswax come from?
Answer: The important part for answering this question is: Folk etymology has it that this idiom was used in the colonial period when women would sit by the fireplace making wax candles together, though there are many other theories. The answer is the colonial period when women would sit by the fireplace making wax candles together , though there are many other theories.

Question: Context: The Morgan dollar was a United States dollar coin minted from 1878 to 1904, and again in 1921. It was the first standard silver dollar minted since production of the previous design, the Seated Liberty dollar, ceased due to the passage of the Coinage Act of 1873, which also ended the free coining of silver. The coin is named after its designer, United States Mint Assistant Engraver George T. Morgan. The obverse depicts a profile portrait representing Liberty, while the reverse depicts an eagle with wings outstretched.

Question: when was the first morgan silver dollar made?
Answer: The relevant sentence in the passage is: The Morgan dollar was a United States dollar coin minted from 1878 to 1904, and again in 1921. The answer is 1878.

Question: Context: The coat of arms of Nigeria consists of a black shield with a wavy white pall, symbolizing the meeting of the Niger and Benue Rivers at Lokoja. The black shield represents Nigeria's fertile soil, while the two supporting horses or chargers on each side represent dignity. The eagle represents strength, while the green and white bands on the top of the shield represent the rich soil.

Question: two horses on the nigerian coat of arm represent?
Answer:
To answer this question, we should know that: The black shield represents Nigeria's fertile soil, while the two supporting horses or chargers on each side represent dignity. The answer is dignity.