Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
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Question: Context: Anorectal manometry provides objective information about anorectal function, but its results depend on the examiner's skill, the type of equipment, and subject characteristics like age or gender. This single institution, prospective study was performed to investigate the effect of gender and age on the results of anorectal manometry.", 'All included subjects completed a questionnaire to assess their bowel function. The survey included 13 validated questions (eight on constipation and five on incontinence) and was used to exclude subjects with pathological constipation or incontinence. Subjects with normal bowel function underwent anorectal manometry to measure anal sphincter length (ASL), maximum resting pressure (MRP), and maximum squeeze pressure (MSP), and the results were compared by gender and age.', 'The mean age of the 154 participants (94 male and 60 female) was 59.1 years. ASL was greater in men (4.23 vs. 3.85 cm, p<0.001). MRP was not significantly different according to gender (p=0.93), but MSP was higher in men (190.18 vs. 116.49 mmHg, p<0.001). ASL did not correlate with age (p=0.707). MRP was inversely related to age in both men (R (2)=0.152, p<0.001) and women (R (2)=0.282, p<0.001), and MSP only in women (R (2)=0.210, p<0.001).
Answer: Anorectal manometric parameters are influenced by gender and age. This should be taken into consideration when interpreting manometric readings in a clinical setting.

Answer: Are anorectal manometric parameters influenced by gender and age in subjects with normal bowel function?

Question: Context: Nonasthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis (EB) has emerged as a useful tool to study the structural and inflammatory mechanisms of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in asthma. We have previously shown that vascular remodeling and reticular basement membrane (RBM) thickening are present in EB. However, it is not known whether other features of structural remodeling including increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass, matrix deposition, and glandular hyperplasia are also present in EB.', 'We sought to determine whether structural remodeling occurs in EB and is associated with AHR and airflow limitation.', 'Forty-two patients with asthma, 21 patients with EB, and 19 healthy volunteers were recruited. ASM area, RBM thickness, collagen 3 deposition, glandular area, mast cells, and granulocytes were assessed in bronchial biopsy samples.', 'Nonasthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis and asthma were associated with a significant increase in ASM mass and RBM thickness compared with healthy subjects. In contrast, we did not observe any significant differences in collagen 3 deposition in the lamina propria and ASM or the % area of glands in the lamina propria. Univariate analysis demonstrated that mast cell numbers in the ASM were the only feature of remodeling associated with AHR (beta = -0.51; P = .004). Stepwise linear regression revealed that a combination of mast cell numbers in the ASM (beta = -0.43) and disease duration (beta = -0.25; model-adjusted R(2) = 0.26; P = .027) best modeled AHR.
Answer: Mast cell localization to the ASM bundle, but not structural remodeling of the airway wall, is associated with AHR in asthma.

Answer: Is airway hyperresponsiveness dissociated from airway wall structural remodeling?

Question: Context: To identify the presence or absence of 38 postpartum hemorrhage preparedness elements in hospitals in New Jersey and Georgia as a component of the Postpartum Hemorrhage Project of the Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses.", 'Quality improvement baseline assessment survey.', 'Hospitals (N = 95) in New Jersey and Georgia.', "Key informants were clinicians who were members of their hospitals' obstetric teams and were recognized as knowledgeable about their hospitals' postpartum hemorrhage policies.", "An electronic survey was sent by e-mail to each identified hospital's key informant.", 'The mean number of elements present was 23.1 (SD = 5.2; range = 12-34). Volume of births, students, magnet status, and other hospital characteristics did not predict preparedness. None of the hospitals had all of the 38 preparedness elements available. Less than 50% of the hospitals had massive hemorrhage protocols, performed risk assessments and drills, or measured blood loss. For every 10% increase in the total percentage of African American women who gave birth, there was a decrease of one preparedness element.
Answer: Objective measures of preparedness are needed, because perceptions of preparedness were inconsistent with the number of preparedness elements reported.

Answer:
Do postpartum Hemorrhage Preparedness Elements Vary Among Hospitals in New Jersey and Georgia?