Definition: Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
Input: There is evidence from animal studies that lactose has a beneficial effect on intestinal calcium absorption. However, data concerning the effect of lactose on calcium absorption in lactose-tolerant adults are inconclusive.', 'Our objective was to investigate the effect of lactose on calcium bioavailability in humans by the use of a stable-strontium test under controlled metabolic conditions.', 'Eleven healthy, lactose-tolerant subjects (8 women, 3 men) randomly received a bolus of 2.27 mmol strontium alone (load A), the bolus with 35 g lactose (load B), or the bolus with 17.5 g glucose and 17.5 g galactose (load C). Blood samples were drawn at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 180, 240, and 300 min. Urine specimens were collected during the time intervals -2 to 0, 0-2, 2-4, 4-6, and 6-24 h.', 'Pharmacokinetic parameters of strontium bioavailability were comparable for all 3 loads. In detail, fractional absorption at 240 min for loads A, B, and C was 12.1 +/- 0.7%, 13.0 +/- 1.1%, and 12.2 +/- 0.7%, respectively. Areas under the curve for 0-240 min were 70.8 +/- 6.3, 69.6 +/- 3.5, and 65.8 +/- 5.1 micromol*h/L for loads A, B, and C, respectively (NS). Moreover, fractional strontium excretion values of 5.1 +/- 0.8% (load A), 5.8 +/- 0.4% (load B), and 5.2 +/- 0.8% (load C) were not significantly different.
Output:
1