Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Input: Consider Input: Context: The ability to achieve significant donor engraftment without fully myeloablative conditioning has revolutionized allogeneic stem cell transplantation. These nonmyeloablative approaches may allow extension of this potentially curative modality to an increasing number of patients including those with non-malignant diseases. Although a number of regimens have been explored, the optimal means of conditioning has not been determined.', 'We previously demonstrated that rapamycin (RAPA) has the ability to promote T-cell tolerance even in the presence of costimulation. In the current study, we examine the ability of rapamycin or the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine A (CSA) to promote chimerism in a murine haploidentical bone marrow transplantation model. Mice were conditioned with 300 cGy and received either RAPA at 3 mg/kg/day IP, CSA at 20 mg/kg/day IP, or no immunosuppression starting on the day before the transplant and continued for 4 weeks.', 'There was no apparent toxicity, and animals maintained normal blood counts throughout. More importantly, long-term macrochimerism was observed only in the RAPA-treated group.
Answer: These results establish a simple, nontoxic, irradiation-based regimen that facilitates engraftment without ablation. This strategy may prove useful in nonmalignant disorders such as hemoglobinopathies in which moderate levels of donor chimerism could prove curative.

Output: Does low-dose radiation plus rapamycin promote long-term bone marrow chimerism?

Input: Consider Input: Context: The use of cultured keratinocyte (CK) allografts for burn wounds offers a potentially unlimited supply of skin. It is unknown, however, whether CK allografts induce rejection in vivo. This study investigated the induction of immune responsiveness to CK allografts as measured by mixed lymphocyte response and serum cytotoxic antibody.', 'Female CBA mice (n = 160) were randomized to four equal groups, each receiving a 3 cm2 flank graft of autologous CBA CK (Auto CK), allogeneic C57BL/6 CK (Allo CK), C57BL/6 full thickness skin (Allo FT), or Sham. Graft take was assessed by gross and histologic examinations. Unidirectional mixed lymphocyte response was measured with graft recipient and donor splenocytes by use of tritiated thymidine uptake. Stimulation indexes were calculated. Serum cytotoxic antibody was measured by coculturing graft recipient serum with donor splenocytes and rabbit complement and assessing resultant cell killing.', 'Overall graft take was 50% for Allo CK and 74% for Auto CK, Allo FT, but not Allo CK, were associated with significantly increased stimulation indexes compared with Auto CK and Sham (p < 0.01). Allo FT, but not Allo CK, resulted in elevated titers of alloantibody, reaching significant levels 10 days after grafting (p < 0.05).
Answer: CK allografts do not result in increased in vitro T cell responses or enhanced alloantibody formation, indicating that sensitization to major histocompatibility antigens by CK does not occur. These data suggest that CK allografts may provide a possible source of grafts for victims of large burn wounds.

Output: Do cultured keratinocyte allografts fail to induce sensitization in vivo?

Input: Consider Input: Context: Population studies have shown obesity and diabetes to be risk factors for atherosclerosis. We assessed changes in the common carotid arteries in rat models of obesity and diabetes without hypertension.', 'Twenty 30-week-old male spontaneously diabetic and obese model Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) and 20 control Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats were used in the experiments. The animals were considered diabetic if the plasma glucose level peaked at >300 mg/dL and remained at >200 mg/dL for 120 minutes. Blood gas physiological parameters were continuously monitored under anesthesia, and the flow of the carotid artery was assessed with ultrasonography. All animals were sacrificed with an overdose of anesthesia at the end of the experiment. Sections of the middle portion of the internal carotid artery were cut and stained with hematoxylin and eosin to assess the overall morphology.', 'All OLETF rats were diabetic, and all LETO rats were non-diabetic. The physiological parameters did not differ significantly between the control and model rats, whereas the carotid artery wall thickness (19.3 3.2 vs. 6.1 4.5 m) was significantly different between the two groups. The blood flow velocity in the common carotid artery determined using ultrasonography and color Doppler sonography was significantly increased during systole in the model rats compared with that observed in the control rats (203 20.3 vs. 55.3 21.4 cm/sec).
Answer: The OLETF rats were obese, and diabetes worsened the degree of carotid artery stenosis. These results indicate the possibility of new therapies for carotid artery stenosis in obese and diabetic patients.
Output: Is carotid artery stenosis exacerbated in spontaneously obese model rats with diabetes?