Information: - The Papal States, officially the State of the Church were territories in the Italian Peninsula under the sovereign direct rule of the pope, from the 8th century until 1870. They were among the major states of Italy from roughly the 8th century until the Italian Peninsula was unified in 1861 by the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia. At their zenith, they covered most of the modern Italian regions of Lazio (which includes Rome), Marche, Umbria and Romagna, and portions of Emilia. These holdings were considered to be a manifestation of the temporal power of the pope, as opposed to his ecclesiastical primacy. - The Republic of Florence , or the Florentine Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Fiorentina ) , was a state that was centered on the city of Florence , located in modern Tuscany , Italy . The republic originated in 1115 , when the Florentine people rebelled against the Margraviate of Tuscany upon the death of the powerful feudal ruler Margravine Matilda , a woman who controlled vast territories including Florence . The Florentines formed a commune in Matilda 's place . The republic was ruled by a council , known as the signoria . The signoria was chosen by the gonfaloniere ( titular ruler of the city ) , who was elected every two months by Florentine guild members . The republic had a checkered history of coups and counter coups against various factions . The Medici faction gained governance of the city in 1434 , upon Cosimo de ' Medici 's counter coup against the faction that had sent him into exile the previous year . The Medici kept control of Florence until 1494 . Giovanni de ' Medici ( later Pope Leo X ) re-conquered the republic in 1512 . Florence repudiated Medici authority for a second time in 1527 , during the War of the League of Cognac . The Medici re-assumed their rule in 1531 , after an 11 - month siege of the city . The republican government was disestablished in 1532 , when Pope Clement VII appointed Alessandro de ' Medici '' Duke of the Florentine Republic '' , making the '' republic '' a hereditary monarchy . - Medieval Latin was the form of Latin used in the Middle Ages, primarily: as a medium of scholarly exchange; as the liturgical language of Chalcedonian Christianity and the Roman Catholic Church; and as a language of science, literature, law, and administration. Despite the clerical origin of many of its authors, medieval Latin should not be confused with Ecclesiastical Latin. There is no real consensus on the exact boundary where Late Latin ends and medieval Latin begins. Some scholarly surveys begin with the rise of early Ecclesiastical Latin in the middle of the 4th century, others around 500, and still others with the replacement of written Late Latin by written Romance languages starting around the year 900. - The Gonfaloniere was the holder of a highly prestigious communal office in medieval and Renaissance Italy, notably in Florence and the Papal States. The name derives from "gonfalone", the term used for the banners of such communes. - A commune (the French word appearing in the 12th century from Medieval Latin "communia", meaning a large gathering of people sharing a common life; from Latin "communis", things held in common) is an intentional community of people living together, sharing common interests, often having common values and beliefs, as well as shared property, possessions, resources, and, in some communes, work and income and assets. In addition to the communal economy, consensus decision-making, non-hierarchical structures and ecological living have become important core principles for many communes. Andrew Jacobs of "The New York Times" wrote that, contrary to popular misconceptions, "most communes of the '90s are not free-love refuges for flower children, but well-ordered, financially solvent cooperatives where pragmatics, not psychedelics, rule the day." There are many contemporary intentional communities all over the world, a list of which can be found at the Fellowship for Intentional Community (FIC). 'republic of florence' is related to which object entity through the relation of 'religion'? Choices: - catholic church - chalcedonian christianity - church - roman catholic
catholic church
Information: - LMS diesel shunter 7052 was an experimental 0-6-0 diesel-mechanical shunting locomotive, introduced by the London Midland and Scottish Railway (LMSR) in 1934 and which remained in service with that railway for six years. It was later acquired for military use until 1966. - The Hunslet Engine Company was founded in 1864 in Hunslet, Leeds, England. The company manufactured steam-powered shunting locomotives for over 100 years, and currently manufactures diesel-engined shunting locomotives. - Hunslet is an inner-city area in south Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It is southeast of the city centre and has an industrial past. The population of the City and Hunslet ward at the 2011 census was 33,705. - LMS diesel shunter 7053 carried its original number of 7403 only within the Hunslet Engine Company 's works , and was delivered as LMS number 7053 . It was of almost exactly the same size and shape as LMS diesel shunter 7052 , but had different internal fittings . It was loaned to the War Department between 1939 - 1942 , which numbered it 23 . Immediately upon return to the LMS , in December 1942 , it was withdrawn from stock and sold back to Hunslet . No further use was found for it and it was eventually dismantled during the mid- 1950s . 'lms diesel shunter 7053' is related to which object entity through the relation of 'service entry'? Choices: - 1864 - 1934 - 2011 - 6
1934