Q: We were standing at the top of a church tower. My father had brought me to this spot in a small town not far from our home in Rome. I wondered why. "Look down, Elsa," Father said. I gathered all my courage and looked down. I saw the square in the center of the village, And I saw the criss-cross of streets leading to the square. "See, my dear," Father said gently, "There is more than one way to the square. Life is like that. If you can't get to the place where you want to go by one road. try another." Now I understood why I was there, Earlier that day I had begged my mother to do something about the awful lunches that were served at school. But she refused because she didn't believe the lunches were as bad as I said. When I turned to Father for help, he would not interfere . Instead, he brought me to this high tower to give me a lesson. By the time we reached home, I had a plan. At school the next day, I secretly poured my lunch soup into a bottle and brought it home. Then I asked our cook to serve it to Mother at dinner. _ She swallowed one spoonful and sputtered, "The cook must have gone bad!" Quickly I told what I had done, and Mother stated firmly that she would deal with the matter of lunches at school the next day! In the following years I often remembered the lesson Father taught me. I began to work as a fashion designer two years ago. I wouldn't stop working until I tried every possible means to my goal. Father's wise words always remind me that there is more than one way to the square,

Answer the following questions:
1. Where were we?
2. Where was it?
3. What's my name?
4. Who was I with?
5. What did I see below me?
6. What did I want my mom to do?
7. Did she do something?
8. Who did I turn to next?
9. Did he help?
10. What did I bring home?
11. In what?
12. Did it taste good?
13. What is my job?
14. When?
15. Did my mom eat the soup?
16. Was the tower nearby?
17. Was I scared?
18. Were the roads in a circle?
19. Who gave the soup to my mom?
20. When did I come up with a plan?
A: 1. church tower
2. in Rome
3. Elsa
4. My father
5. the square
6. something about school lunches
7. No
8. Father
9. No
10. soup
11. bottle
12. No
13. fashion designer
14. two years ago
15. yes
16. yes
17. yes
18. no
19. our cook
20. by the time we reached home
Q: Kindergarten (; from German , which literally means "garden for the children") is a preschool educational approach traditionally based on playing, singing, practical activities such as drawing, and social interaction as part of the transition from home to school. At first such institutions were created in the late 18th century in Bavaria and Strasbourg to serve children whose parents both worked out of the home. The term was coined by the German Friedrich Frobel, whose approach globally influenced early-years education. Today, the term is used in many countries to describe a variety of educational institutions and learning spaces for children ranging from two to seven years of age, based on a variety of teaching methods.

In 1779, Johann Friedrich Oberlin and Louise Scheppler founded in Strasbourg an early establishment for caring for and educating pre-school children whose parents were absent during the day. At about the same time, in 1780, similar infant establishments were established in Bavaria. In 1802, Princess Pauline zur Lippe established a preschool center in Detmold, the capital of the then principality of Lippe, Germany (now in the State of North Rhine-Westphalia).

In 1816, Robert Owen, a philosopher and pedagogue, opened the first British and probably globally the first infants school in New Lanark, Scotland. In conjunction with his venture for cooperative mills Owen wanted the children to be given a good moral education so that they would be fit for work. His system was successful in producing obedient children with basic literacy and numeracy.

Answer the following questions:
1. what happened in 1802?
2. where?
3. which country was this?
4. what is the article about?
5. is this an English word?
6. then what?
7. what does it mean?
8. is it still being used today?
9. where?
10. when were kindergartens first made?
11. where?
12. what was their purpose then?
13. is that the same purpose today?
14. then what?
15. when was the first infant school?
16. where?
17. was this the first one globally?
18. was it the first anywhere?
19. where?
20. What was his goal?
A: 1. Princess Pauline zur Lippe established a preschool
2. Detmold
3. Germany
4. Kindergarten
5. No
6. German
7. garden for the children
8. yes
9. in many countries
10. late 18th century
11. Bavaria and Strasbourg
12. to serve children whose parents both worked out of the home
13. no
14. it's a learning space for children ranging from two to seven years of age
15. 1816
16. New Lanark, Scotland
17. probably
18. yes
19. British
20. he wanted the children to be given a good moral education
Q: Cologne is the largest city in the German federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia and the fourth-largest city in Germany (after Berlin, Hamburg, and Munich). It is located within the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region, one of the major European metropolitan areas, and with more than ten million inhabitants, the largest in Germany. Cologne is about 45km southwest of North Rhine-Westphalia's capital of Dusseldorf and 25km northwest of Bonn.

Cologne is located on both sides of the Rhine, near Germany's borders with Belgium and the Netherlands. The city's famous Cologne Cathedral ("Kolner Dom") is the seat of the Catholic Archbishop of Cologne. The University of Cologne ("Universitat zu Koln") is one of Europe's oldest and largest universities.

Cologne was founded and established in Ubii territory in the 1st century AD as the Roman "Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium", from which it gets its name. "Cologne", the French version of the city's name, has become standard in English as well. The city functioned as the capital of the Roman province of "Germania Inferior" and as the headquarters of the Roman military in the region until occupied by the Franks in 462. During the Middle Ages it flourished on one of the most important major trade routes between east and west in Europe. Cologne was one of the leading members of the Hanseatic League and one of the largest cities north of the Alps in medieval and Renaissance times. Prior to World War II the city had undergone several occupations by the French and also by the British (19181926). Cologne was one of the most heavily bombed cities in Germany during World War II, with the Royal Air Force (RAF) dropping of bombs on the city. The bombing reduced the population by 95%, mainly due to evacuation, and destroyed almost the entire city. With the intention of restoring as many historic buildings as possible, the successful postwar rebuilding has resulted in a very mixed and unique cityscape.

Answer the following questions:
1. What does RAF stand for?
2. In WW II, what was one of the most heavily bombed places in Germany?
3. Which region is it located in?
4. How many people does it have?
5. When was it founded?
6. In which territory?
7. What was the Roman name for it?
8. What is the French name for it?
9. What province was it the capital of?
10. And who was headquartered there?
11. What happened in 462?
12. What is the fourth-largest city in Germany?
13. What river is it located on both sides of?
14. What does it have that's the seat of the Catholic Archbishop of Cologne?
15. Was the University of Cologne built recently?
16. What is the German name for The University of Cologne?
17. What was Cologne one of the leading members of?
18. Before World War II, who was it occupied by?
19. And who else?
A:
1. Royal Air Force
2. Cologne
3. North Rhine-Westphalia
4. more than ten million
5. in the 1st century AD
6. Ubii
7. Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium
8. Cologne
9. Germania Inferior
10. the Roman military
11. it was occupied by the Franks
12. Cologne
13. the Rhine
14. the Cologne Cathedral
15. no
16. Universitat zu Koln
17. the Hanseatic League
18. the French
19. the British