Q: When you begin the negotiating process, have the seller start. If the salesperson names the first price, you can work down from there. The opening price is what will define the negotiation, and you do not want to give the seller the chance to push your price range up. Start off the negotiation by asking, "What are you selling the car for?" Once the seller names the price, you'll be able to bargain down. Usually, the first price named will be a couple of thousand dollars below the advertised price. You want to make sure, during negotiations, that the salesperson knows you've done your homework. A salesperson will be more willing to negotiate if he knows that you're aware of the average costs of the car you're considering buying. Mention you've looked at a website like Edmund's or Kelly's Blue Book, and mention the prices listed on those sites. You're unlikely to get a price in the exact range you want, but the salesperson will be willing to go lower if they know they're working with an informed customer. Do not be hesitant to keep negotiating. A salesperson's money is often made on commission. It's in the salesperson's best interest to eventually make a sale. Keep pushing to go lower until you get a price in your range. You usually negotiate in a cubicle. Take opportunities to occasionally leave the cubicle during the negotiation process. This conveys to the salesperson that you will not be controlled, and that you're independent enough to take breaks and walk out of negotiations. Do not be afraid to let the negotiation go overnight. If you're not getting the price you want, say you'll come back tomorrow to discuss. After some time has passed, the salesperson may be willing to go lower. If the negotiations are not fruitful, do not be afraid to walk away from the deal. If you feel uncomfortable with the way things are going in negotiations, you have every right to take your business elsewhere. Salespeople want to sell as many cars as possible, so it's in their interest not to have a potential buyer walk away. Once you've reached a price you're comfortable with, you can close the deal and walk away with your car. You'll usually pay with cash or check, and should make sure you get the car insured before driving away. Review all documents thoroughly before signing to assure you're getting the deal you want and that there are no hidden costs. It may be a good idea to take a day to review the documents. If you're unfamiliar reading legal papers, see if you can get a lawyer to review the documents for a small fee.
A: Have the seller name the first price. Mention you looked at a reputable pricing guide. Negotiate until you reach the right deal. Close the sale.

Q: Record yourself speaking or ask a friend to listen and evaluate your speaking voice. Assess your volume, pitch, articulation, vocal quality and rate to determine the main areas where you need improvement. Is your volume too high or too low? Is your pitch more shrill or full, monotonous or varied? Is your vocal quality more nasal or full, breathy or clear, lifeless or enthusiastic? Is your articulation hard to understand or crisp and articulated? Do you speak too slow or too quickly? Do you sound hesitant or deliberate? You should always speak loudly enough so that everyone in the room can hear you. However, adjusting the volume of your voice up or down can add emphasis or intimacy to different parts of your speech. Get louder as you are about to make an important point. Lower your voice when you are making an aside. People might tune out your voice if it sounds monotonous. Varying your pitch will eliminate a monotonous sound and make it more likely that they will keep listening to you. Continue to vary your pitch throughout your speech. Some common ways to use pitch include: Ending questions on a higher pitch. Affirming a statement by ending on a lower pitch. The tempo is the pace of your speech. Slowing the tempo of your speech will help you to place more emphasis on certain words and phrases. It may also make it easier for people to understand you if you are prone to speaking rapidly. Try pausing after making an important point to give the listener a chance to absorb it. Have you ever heard someone's voice quiver when they are experiencing strong emotions during a speech? This can be an effective technique in some situations, such as when you are giving a speech or acting in a play. Allow the timber, or emotional quality of your voice, to show when you are expressing strong feelings. For example, if you are saying something that makes you feel sad, then you might allow your voice to tremble if it comes naturally. However, do not try to force it. Before you get in front of an audience to present your speech, practice it alone and uninhibited. Experiment with variations in tone, pace, volume and pitch. Record yourself and listen for what is working and not working. Practice the speech several times with different variations. Record each attempt and compare them. Many people are uncomfortable hearing themselves on tape. This sounds different that the voice that resonates in your head, but is closer to the voice other people hear. When you are speaking for long stretches of time or at a high volume, it is important to keep your throat and vocal cords lubricated. Avoid beverages that can dehydrate you, such as coffee, soda and alcohol. Drink water instead. Try keeping a glass of water close by while you are speaking.
A: Analyze your current speaking voice. Adjust the volume of your voice. Use pitch to your advantage. Change your tempo. Show your emotions when appropriate. Practice your speech. Drink plenty of water.

Q: There are many possible goals you could set, but the type of goal refers to how you'll measure your progress and success. The two main types are process goals and outcome goals. Process goals focus on the work that you'll do within a given time period. An example of a process goal would be to complete and submit all of your assignments on time this week. Outcome goals focus on the results of your work. An example of an outcome goal would be to earn a grade of at least 90% on your next test. Having a goal may not be enough to keep you motivated. If that's the case, it may be important to remind yourself of why that goal is meaningful to you, and why you hope to achieve it. Reflecting on the outcome of that goal - both the positive results if you succeed and the negative results if you don't - may help you stay more focused and driven over time. Do you need to do well in a class to pass? Are you trying to improve your grades overall? Perhaps you want to do well in a class so that you can eventually seek employment in a related field. If this is the case, you'll want to learn as much as possible in that class. Some people work best when they know there is some type of reward to be had. Having a self-imposed reward system helps you stay motivated and track your progress so you'll know whether or not you deserve your "treat" for the day, week, month, or semester. Consider setting incremental rewards. Set smaller rewards for minor mile markers and bigger rewards for accomplishing the hardest parts of your goal. Imagine climbing a set of stairs. Each stair is a mini-goal that essentially leads you to the main goal at the top. Decide on some type of reinforcer that will help you stay motivated. It can be a favorite snack, an event you want to go to, a physical object you'd like to buy, or even a vacation or time off from your normal schedule. Use that reward to motivate you. Agree in advance that you won't get to enjoy your reward unless you accomplish your goal. Consider asking a close friend to either help you stay motivated or prevent you from indulging in your reward without success.
A:
Determine what type of goal you want to set. Identify the reasons why your goal is important. Set up a reward system to stay motivated.