Problem: OPTIONS:
- notochord
- skull
- spinal cord
- vertebral column
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: repeating bony units that make up the vertebral column of vertebrates. Q: What do vertebrates possess that is made up of repeating bony units? A:
Answer: vertebral column

Problem:OPTIONS:
- 1938
- 1901
- 1928
- 1908

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Evolution occurs in a population when allele frequencies change over time. What causes allele frequencies to change? That question was answered by Godfrey Hardy and Wilhelm Weinberg in 1908 (see the Hardy-Weinberg Theorem concept). Q: In what year was the hardy-weinberg theorem formulated? A:
****
A: 1908

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Phagocytosis is the process by which large particles, such as cells, are taken in by a cell. For example, when microorganisms invade the human body, a type of white blood cell called a neutrophil removes the invader through this process, surrounding and engulfing the microorganism, which is then destroyed by the neutrophil (Figure 3.26). A variation of endocytosis is called pinocytosis. This literally means "cell drinking" and was named at a time when the assumption was that the cell was purposefully taking in extracellular fluid. In reality, this process takes in solutes that the cell needs from the extracellular fluid (Figure 3.26). A targeted variation of endocytosis employs binding proteins in the plasma membrane that are specific for certain substances (Figure 3.26). The particles bind to the proteins and the plasma membrane invaginates, bringing the substance and the proteins into the cell. If passage across the membrane of the target of receptor-mediated endocytosis is ineffective, it will not be removed from the tissue fluids or blood. Instead, it will stay in those fluids and increase in concentration. Some human diseases are caused by a failure of receptor-mediated endocytosis. For example, the form of cholesterol termed low-density lipoprotein or LDL (also referred to as "bad" cholesterol) is removed from the blood by receptormediated endocytosis. In the human genetic disease familial hypercholesterolemia, the LDL receptors are defective or missing entirely. People with this condition have life-threatening levels of cholesterol in their blood, because their cells cannot clear the chemical from their blood. Q: What is the process by which large particles, such as cells, are taken in by a cell? A:
OPTIONS:
- active transport
- diffusion
- mitosis
- phagocytosis
phagocytosis

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Flatworms reflect several major evolutionary advances in invertebrates. They have three embryonic cell layers, including mesoderm. The mesoderm layer allows them to develop organ systems. For example, they have muscular and excretory systems. The muscular system allows them to move from place to place over solid surfaces. The excretory system lets them maintain a proper balance of water and salts. Flatworms also show cephalization and bilateral symmetry. Q: What system lets flatworms maintain a proper balance of water and salts? A:
OPTIONS:
- homeostasis
- nervous
- digestive
- excretory

Answer: excretory

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: As a solid is heated, its particles vibrate more rapidly as the solid absorbs kinetic energy. Eventually, the organization of the particles within the solid structure begins to break down and the solid starts to melt. The melting point is the temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid. At its melting point, the disruptive vibrations of the particles of the solid overcome the attractive forces operating within the solid. As with boiling points, the melting point of a solid is dependent on the strength of those attractive forces. Sodium chloride (NaCl) is an ionic compound that consists of a multitude of strong ionic bonds. Sodium chloride melts at 801C. Ice (solid H 2 O) is a molecular compound whose molecules are held together by hydrogen bonds. Though hydrogen bonds are the strongest of the intermolecular forces, the strength of hydrogen bonds is much less than that of ionic bonds. The melting point of ice is 0C. Q: Which bonds are the strongest of the intermolecular forces? A:
OPTIONS:
- complex
- carbon
- calcium
- hydrogen
Answer: hydrogen

input: OPTIONS:
- a morph
- A tortoise.
- a pod
- a frog Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: A tadpole turns into what land mammal? A:
A:
output:
a frog