INPUT ARTICLE: Article: Take the bed sheet off the mattress first, then rinse the stain out using cold water. Do not use hot water, as this will set the stain. Follow this step with any of the stain-removal treatments listed below. Pour hydrogen peroxide directly onto the blood stain. Wait 20 to 25 minutes, then lightly pat the residue with a paper towel. If you don't have any hydrogen peroxide at home, you can use club soda instead. White vinegar will also work in a pinch. Light can turn hydrogen peroxide into water. If it is very bright in your room, cover the treated area with plastic wrap, then drape a dark towel over it. The towel will hide the area from light, and the plastic wrap will prevent the towel from soaking up the hydrogen peroxide. Simply spray the window cleaner onto the stain. Wait 15 minutes, then rinse it out from behind using cold water. Fill a spray bottle with 1 tablespoon of ammonia and 1 cup (240 milliliters) of cold water. Close the bottle and shake it to mix. Spray the mixture onto the stain and wait 30 to 60 minutes. Blot up any residue with a clean cloth, then wash the sheets in cold water. Be careful with colored sheets. Ammonia may fade or bleach colored fabrics. Mix one part baking soda with two parts water to form a paste. Dampen the stain with water, then rub the paste onto the stain. Let the fabric dry, ideally in the sun. Brush off any residue, and then wash in cold water. Talcum powder or cornstarch/cornflour will also work. Mix 2 tablespoons of salt and 1 tablespoon of dish soap. Dampen the stain with cold water first, then soak it with the soap mixture. Wait 15 to 30 minutes, then rinse the stain out using cold water. You can also use shampoo instead of dish soap. Fill a spray bottle with 1 part baking soda, 1 part hydrogen peroxide, and part cold water. Close the bottle, and shake it to mix. Spray the mixture onto the stain, wait 5 minutes, then rinse it off. Repeat 2 more times, then wash the sheets in cold water. This works best on polyester-cotton blends. Use cold water, a mild detergent, and your usual wash cycle. Remove the wet sheets as soon as the cycle ends. Do not place them in the dryer. Instead, let them air dry either by hanging or in the sun. Treat the blood stains again if they do not come out after the first wash cycle. You will need to continue treating and washing until the blood is no longer visible. Once you get the blood out, you can dry the sheets as you normally would. Consider using bleach on white sheets.

SUMMARY: Rinse the stain out from behind using cold water as soon as possible. Treat heavy stains with hydrogen peroxide. Try an ammonia-based window cleaner. Use diluted ammonia for heavy stains. Make and use a baking soda paste. Consider using salt and dish soap as a pre-laundry treatment. Make your own stain remover using baking soda, hydrogen peroxide, and water. Launder your bed sheets in cold water after any stain-removal treatment.

INPUT ARTICLE: Article: In CIDR, you have a IP address followed by bit-length prefix separated by slash(/). Now you can start to convert bit-length prefix to quad-dotted by separating the bit-length prefix in increments of 8 and adding the final bit number. Example: If the bit-length prefix is 27, then write it as 8 + 8 + 8 + 3 . Example: If bit-length prefix is 12, then write it as 8 + 4 + 0 + 0 . Example: Default bit-length prefix is 32, then write it as 8 + 8 + 8 + 8. The total number of bits is represented using the following equation: Tb = 8. Subnet masks can be 0, 128, 192, 224, 240, 248, 252, 254 and 255. The table above gives you the Number of bits used for subnetting (n) to their corresponding subnet mask. For subnet mask 255 is default, so it'll not consider for subnet masking. From the previous step, you got IP address = 170.1.0.0 and Sub-net mask = 255.255.255.192 Total bits = Tb = 8 Number of bits used for subnetting = n. As the subnet mask = 192, its corresponding number of bits used for Subnetting is 2 from above table. The Number of subnets is 2n. In our example, the number of subnets = 22 = 4. The total number of subnets is 4. This is represented with the formula () = 2m. In our example, the value of last bit used for subnet masking = = 26 = 64. The value of the last bit used for subnet masking is 64. The number of hosts per subnet is 2m - 2. Now you can find previously calculated number of subnets by separating subnets each having the value of last bit used for subnet masking or . In our example, the last value used for subnet masking is 64. This produces 4 subnets with 64 addresses. Our example IP is 170.1.0.0. This falls in the 170.1.0.0 - 170.1.0.63 subnet.

SUMMARY:
Write the bit-length prefix in bit format. Determine the total number of bits. Determine the number of bits used for subnetting. Calculate the number of subnets. Calculate the value of last bit used for subnet masking. Calculate the number of hosts per subnet. Separate the subnets by the value of the last bit used for subnet masking. Find which subnet your IP address is in.