TASK DEFINITION: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
PROBLEM: By averaging this quantity, the reduction of a certain intermolecular function to an angle-independent form for polar fluids can be performed in order to express conformal-solution theory. For liquid metals, the upper bound of this quantity can be obtained by the Gibbs-Bogoliubov inequality. It is equal to the negative product of Boltzmann's constant, temperature, and the natural log of the partition function. The change in this quantity is equal to the maximum work accompanying a process, and it is defined as internal energy minus the product of temperature and entropy. For 10 points, name this quantity symbolized by either A or F, a type of free energy named for a German scientist.

SOLUTION: Science

PROBLEM: Some of the figures in this painting are seemingly superfluous: Mercury stands at the far left, dispelling clouds from above trees laden with golden fruit. A Cupid on the wing aims his little bow, but is probably only there by grace of his mother Venus, above whom he hovers. The action takes place on the right. The West Wind, Zephyrus, pursues a virginal Chloris whom he will rape. Chloris is then shown transformed, bedecked with flowers, as the title character. For 10 points, name this Botticelli allegorical work.

SOLUTION: Fine Arts

PROBLEM: The protonation of nitric acid by this compound creates greater-than-normal amounts of nitronium ions, which are used to nitrate benzene in a textbook electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The dehydrating property of this substance is often demonstrated by pouring it over sucrose. The production of this compound was revolutionized by the use of lead-lined chambers. It is now produced using a vanadium(2) oxide catalyst in the contact process. For 10 points, name this compound with chemical formula H2SO4, a strong acid found in car batteries.

SOLUTION:
Science