Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: It was known that DNA is composed of nucleotides , each of which contains a nitrogen-containing base, a five-carbon sugar (deoxyribose), and a phosphate group. In these nucleotides, there is one of the four possible bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), or thymine (T) ( Figure below ). Adenine and guanine are purine bases, and cytosine and thymine are pyrimidine bases. Q: What does the base of a nucleotide within dna consist of? A:

OPTIONS:
- ribosomes
- protein
- hydrogen
- nitrogen

A: nitrogen

input: OPTIONS:
- white
- orange
- pink
- blue Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Red litmus paper turns blue when placed in a basic solution. Q: Red litmus paper turns what color when placed in a basic solution? A:
A:
output: blue

Answer the following question given this paragraph: A carrier protein is a transport protein that is specific for an ion, molecule, or group of substances. Carrier proteins "carry" the ion or molecule across the membrane by changing shape after the binding of the ion or molecule. Carrier proteins are involved in passive and active transport. A model of a channel protein and carrier proteins is shown in Figure below . Q: Where do carrier proteins carry ions or molecules? A:

OPTIONS:
- between nuclei
- across isotopes
- back to nucleus
- across the membrane

Answer: across the membrane

Problem: OPTIONS:
- temperature
- humidity
- magnetism
- wind
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Since we can observe wind forming sand dunes with these patterns now, we have a good explanation for how the Navajo sandstone formed. The Navajo sandstone is a rock formed from ancient sand dunes. The rock shows that the ancient wind direction changed from time to time. Q: What forms the changing shapes of sand dunes? A:
Answer: wind

Problem:OPTIONS:
- natural selection
- genetics
- learned behavior
- environment

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Scientists often study the effects of environment on phenotype by studying identical twins. Identical twins have the same genes, so phenotypic differences between twins often have an environmental cause. Twin studies help understand the relative importance of environmental and genetic influences on individual traits and behaviors. Twins are a valuable source of information concerning the relationship between genes and environment. As monozygotic twins (identical) share their nuclear DNA, their polymorphisms , the nucleotide differences that make their DNA unique, are common to the two individuals. This means that any phenotypic variation, such as in height, intelligence, or any other measurable trait, is due to the environment. What is different about the experiences of the twins? What unique experiences might one twin have that the other twin did not have? By comparing phenotypes of hundreds of twins, researchers can understand the roles of genetics, shared environment and unique experiences in the formation and development of specific traits. Q: What is often the cause of phenotypic differences between identical twins? A:
****
A: environment

Problem:OPTIONS:
- blood
- neurons
- cillia
- capillaries

Answer the following question given this paragraph: In the lungs, oxygen diffuses out of the alveoli and into the capillaries surrounding the alveoli. Oxygen (about 98 percent) binds reversibly to the respiratory pigment hemoglobin found in red blood cells (RBCs). RBCs carry oxygen to the tissues where oxygen dissociates from the hemoglobin and diffuses into the cells of the tissues. More specifically, alveolar P O 2. Q: In the lungs, oxygen diffuses out of the alveoli and into where? A:
****
A:
capillaries