Question: Architecture (Latin architectura, from the Greek arkhitekton "architect", from - "chief" and "builder") is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings and other physical structures. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art. Historical civilizations are often identified with their surviving architectural achievements.

The earliest surviving written work on the subject of architecture is De architectura, by the Roman architect Vitruvius in the early 1st century AD. According to Vitruvius, a good building should satisfy the three principles of firmitas, utilitas, venustas, commonly known by the original translation firmness, commodity and delight. An equivalent in modern English would be:

According to Vitruvius, the architect should strive to fulfill each of these three attributes as well as possible. Leon Battista Alberti, who elaborates on the ideas of Vitruvius in his treatise, De Re Aedificatoria, saw beauty primarily as a matter of proportion, although ornament also played a part. For Alberti, the rules of proportion were those that governed the idealised human figure, the Golden mean. The most important aspect of beauty was therefore an inherent part of an object, rather than something applied superficially; and was based on universal, recognisable truths. The notion of style in the arts was not developed until the 16th century, with the writing of Vasari: by the 18th century, his Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects had been translated into Italian, French, Spanish and English. 1. Who wrote about the notion of style?
2. In what century?
3. What was it's title?
4. Has it been translated?
5. Into how many languages?
6. What are they"
7. Who wrote the first surviving work?
8. When?
9. What was his nationality?
10. And it's title?
11. How many principles does he list?
12. What are they?
13. What does that translate to?
14. What is the Greek translation for architecture?
15. What is it in Greek?
16. How is it known in Latin?
17. Who came up with the Golden mean?
18. What did Alberti write about?
19. Is anything idealised?
20. What? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers: 1. Vasari
2. In the 18th century
3. Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects
4. Yes
5. Four
6. Italian, French, Spanish and English.
7. Vitruvius
8. In the early 1st century
9. Roman
10. De architectura
11. Three
12. firmitas, utilitas, and venustas
13. firmness, commodity and delight
14. Chief Builder
15.
16. architectura
17. De Re Aedificatoria
18. The ideas of Vitruvius
19. Yes
20. The human figure,

Question: CHAPTER XXIV

MORE RIVALRY

"Do you mean to tell me that you saw Arnold Baxter?" exclaimed Dick, after listening to Sam and Tom's story.

"We did," replied the youngest Rover. "There was no mistake?"

"If it wasn't Arnold Baxter do you think he would take such pains to get out of our reach?" asked Tom.

"That is true, Tom. But it seems so unnatural. What can he be doing in this out-of-the-way place?"

"As Powell says, he must be keeping out of the reach of the law. Perhaps he expects to keep shady until this affair blows over."

"As if it would blow over!" cried Sam. "Dick, we ought to do something."

Captain Putnam had already learned why the four cadets had been late in returning to camp. The Rovers now went to consult him further.

"I agree, something should be done," said the captain. "Perhaps you had better go to the nearest telegraph office, Richard, and telegraph to your folks. You might also get some of the local authorities to take up the hunt for this criminal."

"Who are the local authorities?"

"I really don't know, but we can find out at Oakville."

In the end Dick and Tom received permission to leave camp for an indefinite time. Late as it was, they hurried to Oakville and caught the telegraph operator at the little railroad station just as he was shutting up for the night.

Having sent the message to their father they made inquiries of the operator and learned that the town boasted of a Judge Perkins and that the local constable was Munro Staton. 1. Who told the story to Dick?
2. Who do they claim they saw?
3. Which Rover confirmed it?
4. Who doubted things would blow over?
5. Who did he think should help him do something?
6. What is Putnam's military rank?
7. Who goes to see him?
8. Are Dick and Tom ultimately allowed to go?
9. For how long?
10. Where do they head?
11. Who did they sent notice to?
12. How?
13. Who's the constable? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers: 1. Sam and Tom
2. Arnold Baxter
3. the youngest
4. Sam
5. Dick
6. Captain
7. The Rovers
8. yes
9. for an indefinite time
10. to Oakville
11. their father
12. by telegraph
13. Munro Staton

Question: CHAPTER XIII

BURIED ALIVE

At the moment when Skip Miller knocked away the joist which supported the timbers at the top of the tunnel, Fred had stooped to pick up his shovel, and this position saved him from being instantly killed.

One end of the shoring plank was yet held by the upright placed in the center of the cutting, and it remained at an angle, although pinning him down, while the earth covered him completely.

For a moment he was at a loss to know what had happened, and then he heard, as if from afar off, Joe calling him by name.

"Here I am under the timber," he replied.

"Are you hurt much?"

"I think not; but I shall stifle to death if the dirt isn't taken away soon."

"It ain't a sure thing that you won't stifle even then," he heard Bill say sharply. "Take hold, mate, an' let's get him from beneath while we have a chance to breathe."

Then the grating of the shovels was distinguished, and pound by pound the weight was removed until nothing save the timber held him down.

"Can you get out now?" Joe asked, and his voice sounded strangely indistinct.

"Not till the joist is pulled away."

"When that is done it's safe to say tons of the roof will follow," Bill muttered, and Joe asked:

"Does it hurt you much, lad?"

"The edges are cutting into my back terribly."

"Grin an' bear it as long as you can. Our only chance for life is to break through the wall into the old tunnel; but if that timber is taken away it's good-bye for all hands." 1. whats is the chapter name ?
2. whos voices seemed indisrinct ?
3. what was the ? he asked ?
4. who knocked away the joist
5. last name ?
6. what happenes if the dirt is not moved away ?
7. how many people are in this story ?
8. who was at a loss ?
9. who picked up the shovel ?
10. did it save the person ?
11. from what ?
12. who was under the timber ?
13. what was hurting his back ?
14. he had to do what as long as possible ?
15. what was the only chance to live ?
16. in what ?
17. if the timber is taken away what happens ?
18. for what ?
19. who called him by his name ?
20. what covered him a lot ? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers:
1. BURIED ALIVE
2. Joe
3. Can you get out now
4. Skip
5. Miller
6. stifle to death
7. Four
8. Skip
9. Fred
10. yes
11. being instantly killed
12. Skip Miller
13. The edges
14. Grin an' bear it
15. break through the wall
16. old tunne
17. it's good-bye
18. all hands
19. Joe
20. the earth