Summarize the following:
Old English, also know as Anglo-Saxon, was the Germanic language used in England between the 5th and 11th centuries. It entered into writing in about the 8th century. The style of writing was largely influenced by that of Irish monks. There are several letters which were used in Old English, which no longer exist in our modern lexicon. Learning these letters will enhance your Old English writing with authenticity. "Thorn" looks like a "b" with an elongated stem and represents a hard "th" sound and is often used at the beginning of words. To create the softer "th" sound like in the word "clothes," the letter "edh" is used in the middle or end of words This letter is drawn as an "o" with a tick on top, or as a capitol "D" with a line through the straight side when it is used at the beginning of a word. The letter "ash" looks like a combination of an "a" and an "e." It creates an "a" sound like in the word ran. "Wynn" looks a little like "P," but with the curve drawn all the way to the bottom of the stem and creates a "w" sound. "Yogh" looks similar to the number 5 and is meant to represent a gurgling "g" sound, which can't be compared to any sound in modern language. Old English often interchanges letters like "j" and "i" or "u" and "v." Comparing Old English to Modern English, there are quite a few differences. A simple way to change your spelling into Old English is using an online translator.

summary: Know the history of the Old English alphabet. Learn the lost letters. Translate your sentences.

Summarize the following:
In the weeks before a play opens, advertise in local papers and message boards. Design an eye-catching image to use on posters, in ads, and on flyers. You can repeat this image on the program for your play, if needed. Send actors in full costume to local schools, retirement communities, or public places to perform bits and pass out flyers. Make sure your advertisements say when the play will be performed, and where. If you are having multiple performances, indicate this prominently. Consider offering a matinee, or daytime performance, with discounted tickets for children and the elderly. If you are financing or defraying the cost of your show through ticket sales, calculate how many tickets you need to sell, and at what price. Encourage your actors and tech crew to sell slightly discounted tickets to friends and family. Set up a website where patrons can buy tickets before the show begins. Designate someone to sit at the door and sell tickets before the show starts. For your performance, make sure that the theater is clean and ready. Consider printing a program in which you list the cast and crew by name, in which you give thanks to everyone involved in the production of your play. Consider selling ads in the program to raise money. Thank your sponsors if you have any, and include interesting facts about your theater company and the play you have produced. Consider selling concessions. If your show has an intermission, sell the audience members candy, chips, coffee, and, if you have a permit, alcoholic beverages. Make sure you have permission from the venue to sell concessions. Consider hiring ushers to help audience members to their seats. Ushers can also pass out flyers and direct people to the restrooms. Savor the excitement of your opening night. Gather cast and crew together before the first show and give a speech of thanks and encouragement. Answer any questions, and remind everyone of recent changes or issues. Do some team-building activities, such as having everyone hold hands in a huge circle and chanting. After the each performance, or before the next performance opens, give notes to your cast and crew. If you are only doing one performance, skip the notes and just dole out praise and thanks.

summary: Advertise. Sell tickets. Set up house. Perform.

Summarize the following:
Typing in a data series requires you to organize your data. For most people, you will enter items in the first column, Column A, and enter the variables for each individual item in the following columns. For example, if you are comparing the sales results of certain people, the people will be listed in Column A, while their weekly, quarterly and yearly sales results might be listed in the following columns. Keep in mind that on most charts or graphs, the information in Column A will be listed on the x axis, or horizontal axis. However, in the case of bar graphs, the individual data automatically corresponds to the y axis, or vertical axis. Consider totaling your data in the last column and/or last rows. This is essential if you are using a pie chart that requires percentages. To enter a formula in Excel, you highlight data in a row or column. Then, you click on the Function, fx, button and choose a type of formula, such as a sum. Use headings in the second row and column to explain your data. Titles will be transferred to the graph when you create it. You can enter your data and headings into any section of the spreadsheet. If you are making a graph for the first time, you should aim to keep the data within a small area so it is easy to work with.
summary: Open your Excel 2010 program. Click on the File menu to open an existing spreadsheet or start a new spreadsheet. Enter the data. Use formulas. Type in a title for the spreadsheet/graph using the first rows. Save your spreadsheet before continuing.