In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.

Ex Input:
To ensure the safety of wastewater reuse for irrigation of food crops and drinking water pathogenic viruses must be reduced to levels that pose no significant risk. To achieve this goal minimum reduction of viruses by treatment trains have been suggested. For use of edible crops a 6-log reduction and for production of potable drinking water a 12-log reduction has been suggested. These reductions were based on assuming infective virus concentrations of 10 5 to 10 6 per liter. Recent application of molecular methods suggests that some pathogenic viruses may be occurring in concentrations of 10 7 to 10 9 per liter. Factors influencing these levels include the development of molecular methods for virus detection, emergence of newly recognized viruses, decrease in per capita water use due to conservation measures, and outbreaks. Since neither cell culture nor molecular methods can assess all the potentially infectious virus in wastewater conservative estimates should be used to assess the virus load in untreated wastewater. This review indicates that an additional 2-to 3-log reduction of viruses above current recommendations may be needed to ensure the safety of recycled water. Information is needed on peak loading of viruses. In addition, more virus groups need to be quantified using better methods of virus quantification, including more accurate methods for measuring viral infectivity in order to better quantify risks from viruses in recycled water.

Ex Output:
How much reduction of virus is needed for recycled water: A continuous changing need for assessment?

Ex Input:
The current COVID-19 pandemic is stretching the global supply situation for face masks and PPE beyond production capacity. This is a call for the R&D community, particularly in the polymer degradation and stability arena, to engage and collaborate with virology and bio-medical experts. We require comparative R&D for extended, reuse and recyclability options, as well as large scale approaches and methods that could quickly be applied on the local level by the public who are not experts and may only have limited resources.

Ex Output:
Opinion to Address a Potential Personal Protective Equipment Shortage in the Global Community During the COVID-19 Outbreak

Ex Input:
Monoclonal antibodies (MCA) against bovine immunoglobulin (Big) isotypes were produced and characterized. MCAs were obtained which react specifically with IgG, IgG 1, IgG 2 or IgA while MCAs against IgM showed a partial cross-reaction with affinity purified IgA. MCAs with optimal characteristics for application in ELISA were selected and used as conjugates in an indirect double antibody sandwich assay (1DAS) and as the capturing antibody in an antibody capture assay (ACA) for the isotype-specific detection of antibodies against rotavirus. Based on theoretical grounds, experimental analysis of inter-and intra-isotype competition in IDAS and ACA, respectively, and a direct comparison of both tests, the IDAS was selected for the detection of IgG I and IgG 2 anti-rotavirus antibodies. The ACA was the test of choice for the detection of IgM and lgA anti-rotavirus antibodies. The isotype specificity of these tests relies on the specificity of the MCAs and was confirmed for each test by the observation that samples containing rotavirus antibodies of only 1 particular isotype reacted only in the homologous assay. The MCAs against bovine Ig isotypes and isotype-specific EL1SAs were found to be very useful in the study of humoral mucosal immunity in calves infected with rotavirus. * Where appropriate the word 'isotype' includes subclasses lgG 1 and lgG 2.

Ex Output:
Monoclonal Antibodies against Bovine Immunoglobulins and their Use in Isotype-Specific ELISAs for Rotavirus Antibody