input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: DNA and the associated proteins, as well as accumulating enough energy reserves to complete the task of replicating each chromosome in the nucleus. S Phase Throughout interphase, nuclear DNA remains in a semi-condensed chromatin configuration. In the S phase (synthesis phase), DNA replication results in the formation of two identical copies of each chromosomesister chromatidsthat are firmly attached at the centromere region. At this stage, each chromosome is made of two sister chromatids and is a duplicated chromosome. The centrosome is duplicated during the S phase. The two centrosomes will give rise to the mitotic spindle, the apparatus that orchestrates the movement of chromosomes during mitosis. The centrosome consists of a pair of rod-like centrioles at right angles to each other. Centrioles help organize cell division. Centrioles are not present in the centrosomes of many eukaryotic species, such as plants and most fungi. G2 Phase In the G2 phase, or second gap, the cell replenishes its energy stores and synthesizes the proteins necessary for chromosome manipulation. Some cell organelles are duplicated, and the cytoskeleton is dismantled to provide resources for the mitotic spindle. There may be additional cell growth during G2. The final preparations for the mitotic phase must be completed before the cell is able to enter the first stage of mitosis. Q: G2 and s are phases in what process that is important in cell division? A:
OPTIONS:
- tissues
- osmosis
- cytokinesis
- mitosis
output: mitosis

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: An atomic bomb explodes and generates a huge mushroom cloud. The tremendous energy released when the bomb explodes is incredibly destructive. Where does all the energy come from? The answer is the nucleus of the atom. Q: Where does the energy from an atomic bomb come from? A:

OPTIONS:
- isotope of atom
- electron shell
- neutron
- nucleus of atom

A: nucleus of atom

input: OPTIONS:
- hot
- aroma
- tangy
- umami Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: 36.3 Taste and Smell There are five primary tastes in humans: sweet, sour, bitter, salty, and umami. Each taste has its own receptor type that responds only to that taste. Tastants enter the body and are dissolved in saliva. Taste cells are located within taste buds, which are found on three of the four types of papillae in the mouth. Regarding olfaction, there are many thousands of odorants, but humans detect only about 10,000. Like taste receptors, olfactory receptors are each responsive to only one odorant. Odorants dissolve in nasal mucosa, where they excite their corresponding olfactory sensory cells. When these cells detect an odorant, they send their signals to the main olfactory bulb and then to other locations in the brain, including the olfactory cortex. Q: There are five primary tastes in humans: sweet, sour, bitter, salty, and what? A:
A:
output: umami

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Neural Responses to Food In reaction to the smell, sight, or thought of food, like that shown in Figure 34.20, the first response is that of salivation. The salivary glands secrete more saliva in response to stimulation by the autonomic nervous system triggered by food in preparation for digestion. Simultaneously, the stomach begins to produce hydrochloric acid to digest the food. Recall that the peristaltic movements of the esophagus and other organs of the digestive tract are under the control of the brain. The brain prepares these muscles for movement as well. When the stomach is full, the part of the brain that detects satiety signals fullness. There are three overlapping phases of gastric controlthe cephalic phase, the gastric phase, and the intestinal phaseeach requires many enzymes and is under neural control as well. Q: What does the stomach produce to help digest food? A:

OPTIONS:
- acetic acid
- lactic acid
- amino acid
- hydrochloric acid

Answer: hydrochloric acid

Problem: OPTIONS:
- ionized bonds
- neutron bonds
- dissonance bonds
- covalent bonds
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: What bonds form when pairs of electrons are shared? A:
Answer: covalent bonds

Answer the following question given this paragraph: An underwater earthquake creates a tsunami this way: The movement of the crust displaces water. The displacement forms a set of waves. The waves travel at jet speed through the ocean. Since the waves have low amplitudes and long wavelengths, they are unnoticed in deep water. As the waves reach shore they compress. They are also pushed upward by the shore. For these reasons, tsunami can grow to enormous wave heights. Tsunami waves can cause tremendous destruction and loss of life. Fortunately, few undersea earthquakes generate tsunami. Q: What type of amplitudes and wavelengths avoid detection in deep water? A:

OPTIONS:
- high and long
- high and wide
- low and wide
- low and long

Answer:
low and long