instruction:
In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.
question:
Question: Who founded the institution where Powderly served as a professor in the Visual Communication Design Department? Passage 1:In 2005, Powderly became a Research and Development Fellow at Eyebeam where he began collaborating with Evan Roth. Working as the Graffiti Research Lab, Roth and Powderly developed open source tools for graffiti writers and activists, such as LED Throwies and L.A.S.E.R. Tag. Together, they also founded the Free Art and Technology Lab (F.A.T. Lab). Most recently, Powderly has won awards for his work on the EyeWriter project, including the 2009 Design of the Year in Interactive Art from the Design Museum, London, the 2010 Prix Ars Electronica, the 2010 FutureEverything Award and featured on NPR and TED. Several of Powderly' works are in the permanent collection of the Museum of Modern Art. Powderly was a professor at Hongik University in the Visual Communication Design Department in Seoul, South Korea, before moving to Fort Lauderdale, Florida, to work for the augmented reality company Magic Leap.
Passage 2:On March 11, 1996, the Montreal Canadiens played their last game at the Montreal Forum, defeating the Dallas Stars 4-1. The game was televised on TSN and TQS in Canada, and on ESPN2 in the United States. The Stars' Guy Carbonneau, who had captained the Canadiens from 1989 to 1994 (including their 1993 Cup win), took the ceremonial opening faceoff. After the game, many previous hockey greats were presented to the crowd, most notably Maurice Richard (said to be the Canadiens' most beloved player of all time), who received a sixteen-minute standing ovation from the crowd as he broke down in tears. A symbolic torchrepresentative of a line quoted from the poem In Flanders Fields, "To you from failing hands we throw the torch; be yours to hold it high," displayed in the Forum's home dressing roomwas carried by Emile Bouchard out of the Canadiens dressing room to the playing surface. The flaming torch was passed on to each of the former Canadiens captains (Jean Beliveau, Yvan Cournoyer, Henri Richard, Serge Savard, Bob Gainey, and Carbonneau), and finally to the then-current captain Pierre Turgeon. The next day, a parade was organized in which the torch was carried down the route to the Molson Centre (which has since been renamed the Bell Centre). Their first game at the new venue was against the New York Rangers, a game which the Canadiens won.
Passage 3:A new pre-dreadnought battleship, , was ordered under the new construction program in 1889. The advent of the 1891 Chilean Civil War saw a breach between the two branches of the Chilean Armed forces, while the bulk of navy sided the congress side the majority of the Chilean Army remained loyal to Jose Manuel Balmaceda. When the majority of the national congress broke relations with the government Jorge Montt took control of the fleet at Valparaiso and with notable politicians, like Ramon Barros Luco, on board the fleet sailed north to the nitrate-rich Tarapaca area which Chile had seized from Peru ten years earlier. Tarapaca was by that time Chile's richest region in terms of natural resources and was without the fleet practically out of reach for the Chilean Army. From here the navy organized an army made of nitrate miners which they armed and trained to face the 40,000-men strong Army of Chile. In August 1891 the new army was disembarked in Quintero and defeated the Chilean Army at the Battle of Concon and the Battle of Placilla before the presidential faction disbanded and the congressional side took power. On the elections of October 1891 Jorge Montt was elected president.

answer:
1

question:
Question: How big is the place Smith was born? Passage 1:Downes made his debut for Shropshire in the 1999 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cumberland. Downes has played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1999 to present, which has included 15 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 14 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Devon in the 2001 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy. He made 4 further List A appearances, the last of which came against Hampshire in the 2005 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy. In his 4 List A matches, he scored 42 runs at an average of 10.50, with a high score of 16. With the ball, he took 3 wickets at a bowling average of 38.33, with best figures of 2/39.
Passage 2:Smith was born and raised in Brooklyn, New York. He became a wrestling fan in the late 1950s. A childhood friend claimed that they were the first wrestling fans to bring signs to local World Wide Wrestling Federation house shows. Around 1971, Smith also co-founded an unofficial fan club for Freddie Blassie with members wearing homemade "Blassie's Army" T-shirts. As a teenager, Smith had an altercation with Kevin Sullivan while attending a live event at Sunnyside Gardens. Sullivan had been hit with an unknown object at the end of his bout against Davey O'Hannon. Smith, who often cheered for the "heel" wrestlers, had been heckling Sullivan (then a "babyface") throughout the night causing the wrestler to believe that Smith was responsible. The young wrestling fan was brought to the dressing room by building security after the match where he was confronted by Sullivan, Gorilla Monsoon and Arnold Skaaland. Smith denied any wrongdoing and was allowed to leave. Smith continued watching wrestling after moving to Knoxville, Tennessee in the mid-1970s. He eventually met Norvell Austin at a Southeastern Championship Wrestling. Austin later introduced Smith to Rick Conner who agreed to train him.
Passage 3:Finland has always produced successful competitors in the disciplines of nordic skiing. Championship-winning male cross-country skiers from Finland include Veli Saarinen (winner of an Olympic gold and three World Championship titles in the 1920s and 1930s), Veikko Hakulinen (who won three Olympic and three World Championship golds in the 1950s and 1960s, as well as a World Championship silver medal in biathlon) and Juha Mieto (who won an Olympic gold medal in 1976 and two overall FIS Cross-Country World Cups). Among female athletes, Marjo Matikainen-Kallstrom won a gold at the 1988 Winter Olympics, three World Championships and three overall World Cups and Marja-Liisa Kirvesniemi won three golds at both the Olympics and World Championships and two overall World Cup titles.

answer:
2

question:
Question: In what city is the university that Thieme got his doctorate from? Passage 1:He received his doctorate in Indology in 1928 from the University of Gottingen, and habilitated there in 1932. From 1932 to 1935 he taught German and French at the University of Allahabad. He taught at Breslau from 1936 to 1940, and received tenure at Halle in 1941, but in the same year he was drafted to the German army, where he worked as an interpreter. In 1945, he was captured by U.S. troops in Wurttemberg. After his release in 1946, he returned to Halle, where he remained until 1953, when he moved to Frankfurt for a professorship in Indo-European studies, against the will of the GDR authorities. From 1954 to 1960 he was in Yale, and from 1960 to his retirement in 1972 in Tubingen as professor for Religious studies and Indology.
Passage 2:Present for the nuptials in Patmos were several members of Olga's paternal family, including Queen Sofia of Spain (nee Princess of Greece and Denmark), former King Constantine II of the Hellenes and his consort Queen Anne Marie (nee Princess of Denmark), Prince Michael of Greece and Denmark and his wife, Marina (bride's parents), and Princess Irene of Greece and Denmark. With the exception of 78-year-old Margherita, Dowager Archduchess of Austria-Este (nee Princess of Savoy-Aosta), all members of the Aosta branch of the House of Savoy were in attendance, i.e. Prince Amedeo of Savoy, 5th Duke of Aosta (bridegroom's father) and his consort Silvia, Duchess of Aosta, Princess Claude of Orleans ( Princess of France, bridegroom's mother), as well as Aimone's two full sisters, Princess Bianca Countess Arrivabene-Valenti-Gonzaga and Princess Mafalda Madame Lombardo di San Chirico, as well as Maria-Cristina (nee Princess of Savoy-Aosta) and her husband Prince Casimir of Bourbon-Two Sicilies. From the senior branch of the Italian royal family Princess Maria Gabriella of Savoy (daughter of the late King Umberto II of Italy) was present, as she had been at the Athens wedding of Olga's parents in 1965.
Passage 3:The fact that Byzantium in its dealings with the barbarians generally preferred diplomacy to war is not surprising. For the East Romans, faced with the ever-present necessity of having to battle on two fronts in the east against Persians, Arabs and Turks, in the north against the Slavs and the steppe nomads knew from personal experience how expensive war is both in money and manpower. The Byzantines were skilled at using diplomacy as a weapon of war. If the Bulgars threatened, subsidies could be given to the Kiev Rus. A Rus threat could be countered by subsidies to the Patzinaks. If the Patzinaks proved troublesome, the Cumans or Uzes could be contacted. There was always someone to the enemy's rear in a position to appreciate the emperor's largesse. Another innovative principle of Byzantine diplomacy was effective interference in the internal affairs of other states. In 1282, Michael VIII sponsored a revolt in Sicily against Charles of Anjou called the Sicilian Vespers. Emperor Heraclius once intercepted a message from Persian rival Khosrau II which ordered the execution of a general. Heraclius added 400 names to the message and diverted the messenger, provoking a rebellion by those on the list. The emperor maintained a stable of pretenders to almost every foreign throne. These could be given funds and released to wreak havoc if their homeland threatened attack.

answer:
1