TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you're given a paragraph and title from the research paper. Your task is to classify whether the given title is suitable or not for the research paper based on the given paragraph. Return "True" if title is proper according to paragraph else "False".
PROBLEM: Paragraph: Benchmarks and metrics related to laboratory test utilization are based on evidence-based medical literature that may suffer from a positive publication bias. Guidelines are only as good as the data reviewed to create them. Disruptive technologies require time for appropriate use to be established before utilization review will be meaningful. Metrics include monitoring the use of obsolete tests and the inappropriate use of lab tests. Test utilization by clients in a hospital outreach program can be used to monitor the impact of new clients on lab workload. A multi-disciplinary laboratory utilization committee is the most effective tool for modifying bad habits, and reviewing and approving new tests for the lab formulary or by sending them out to a reference lab.
Title: Establishing benchmarks and metrics for disruptive technologies, inappropriate and obsolete tests in the clinical laboratory

SOLUTION: False

PROBLEM: Paragraph: Community-ARI and inpatient-ARI was also combined with mild and severe cases of influenza from a historical prospective study as mild-ARI and severe-ARI respectively to evaluate the performance of clinical case definitions. We analysed 130 community-ARI and 140 inpatient-ARI episodes (5 inpatient-ARI excluded because multiple pathogens were detected), involving 138 and 207 samples respectively. Detection by PCR declined with days post-onset for influenza virus; decrease was faster for community-ARI than for inpatient-ARI. No such patterns were observed for noninfluenza respiratory virus infections. PathChip added substantially to viruses detected for community-ARI only. Clinical case definitions discriminated influenza from other mild-ARI but performed poorly for severe-ARI and for older participants. Rational strategies for diagnosis and surveillance of influenza and other respiratory virus must acknowledge the differences between ARIs presenting in community and hospital settings.
Title: Detection of viral respiratory pathogens in mild and severe acute respiratory infections in Singapore To investigate the performance of laboratory methods and clinical case definitions in detecting the viral pathogens for acute respiratory infections (ARIs) from a prospective community cohort and hospital inpatients, nasopharyngeal swabs from cohort members reporting ARIs (community-ARI) and inpatients admitted with ARIs (inpatient-ARI) were tested by Singleplex Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (SRT-PCR), multiplex RT-PCR (MRT-PCR) and pathogen-chip system (PathChip) between OPEN

SOLUTION: True

PROBLEM: Paragraph: Norovirus infection constitutes the primary cause of acute viral gastroenteritis. There are currently no vaccines or norovirus-specific antiviral therapeutics available for the management of norovirus infection. Norovirus 3C-like protease is essential for viral replication, consequently, inhibition of this enzyme is a fruitful avenue of investigation that may lead to the emergence of anti-norovirus therapeutics. We describe herein the optimization of dipeptidyl inhibitors of norovirus 3C-like protease using iterative SAR, X-ray crystallographic, and enzyme and cell-based studies. We also demonstrate herein in vivo efficacy of an inhibitor using the murine model of norovirus infection. . Accession Codes. The coordinates and structure factors for norovirus 3CL protease in complex with inhibitors have been deposited to the Protein Databank with the accession codes NVpro:17 (4XBB), NVPro:44-h (4XBC) and NVPro:44-o (4XBD). We initially focused on the design of peptidyl transition state inhibitors of NV 3CLpro that incorporate in their structure a recognition element (a peptidyl fragment) that is congruent with the known substrate specificity of the enzyme (vide supra) and a warhead (aldehyde or -ketoamide), latent warhead (bisulfite adduct) or transition state mimic (- Kankanamalage et al. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against NV 3CLpro, as well as their anti-norovirus activity in a cell-based replicon system, as previously Kankanamalage et al. In order to evaluate the specific interactions between the enzyme and the hydroxyphosphonate inhibitors, inhibitor 17 was incubated with NV 3CLpro in Tris buffer, pH 8.0. Surprisingly, the enzyme-inhibitor complex formed corresponded to the complex formed between aldehyde 16 and 3CL protease. The formation of this complex indicates initial non-enzymatic (buffer)-or enzyme-catalyzed conversion of -hydroxyphosphonate 17 to the corresponding aldehyde 16, followed by the formation of a tetrahedral adduct with the active site cysteine (Cys139). Studies aimed at ascertaining the validity of this hypothesis are in progress. The ensemble of hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions Kankanamalage et al.
Title: Structure-Guided Design and Optimization of Dipeptidyl Inhibitors of Norovirus 3CL Protease. Structure-Activity Relationships and Biochemical, X-ray Crystallographic, Cell- Based, and In Vivo Studies

SOLUTION:
False