Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
Problem:Context: Iron deficiency (ID) anemia leads to long-term neurodevelopmental deficits by altering iron-dependent brain metabolism. The objective of the study was to determine if ID induces metabolomic abnormalities in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the pre-anemic stage and to ascertain the aspects of abnormal brain metabolism affected.', 'Standard hematological parameters [hemoglobin (Hgb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), transferrin (Tf) saturation, and zinc protoporphyrin/heme (ZnPP/H)] were compared at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 months in iron-sufficient (IS; n=7) and iron-deficient (ID; n=7) infant rhesus monkeys. Five CSF metabolite ratios were determined at 4, 8, and 12 months using ', 'ID infants developed ID (Tf saturation<25%) by 4 months of age and all became anemic (Hgb<110g/L and MCV<60fL) at 6 months. Their heme indices normalized by 12 months. Pyruvate/glutamine and phosphocreatine/creatine (PCr/Cr) ratios in CSF were lower in the ID infants by 4 months (P<0.05). The PCr/Cr ratio remained lower at 8 months (P=0.02). ZnPP/H, an established blood marker of pre-anemic ID, was positively correlated with the CSF citrate/glutamine ratio (marginal correlation, 0.34; P<0.001; family wise error rate=0.001).\Question: Does metabolomic analysis of CSF indicate brain metabolic impairment precedes hematological indices of anemia in the iron-deficient infant monkey?
Solution:
Metabolomic analysis of the CSF is sensitive for detecting the effects of pre-anemic ID on brain energy metabolism. Persistence of a lower PCr/Cr ratio at 8 months, even as hematological measures demonstrated recovery from anemia, indicate that the restoration of brain energy metabolism is delayed. Metabolomic platforms offer a useful tool for early detection of the impact of ID on brain metabolism in infants.