TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
PROBLEM: Context: Opioid-induced spastic paraplegia after transient spinal cord ischemia during aortic surgery has been reported. Opioids modulate neurotransmission through mu () opioid receptors (MORs) in the spinal ventral horn. However, their effects during ischemic insult are not understood.', 'The effects of the selective agonist [D-Ala(2),-N-Me-Phe(4), Gly(5)-ol]enkephalin (DAMGO) on ischemia-induced agonal currents were examined in the spinal lamina IX neurons of neonatal rats by using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Ischemia was simulated in vitro by oxygen/glucose deprivation.', 'DAMGO (1 M) produced outward currents in ~60% of spinal lamina IX neurons at a holding potential of -70 mV. Superfusion with ischemia-simulating medium elicited an agonal current. The latency was 457 18 s. Despite its neuromodulatory effects, DAMGO did not significantly change the latencies of the agonal currents with (440 23 s) or without (454 33 s) DAMGO-induced currents.\Question: Does the mu opioid receptor activation affect ischemia-induced agonal currents in rat spinal ventral horn?

SOLUTION: Activation of MORs does not influence ongoing ischemia-induced neuronal death. Our findings indicate that MOR agonist administration should be suitable as an anesthetic during aortic surgery.

PROBLEM: Context: In adults with growth hormone (GH) deficiency (GHD), GH treatment restores impaired endothelial function, a precursor of cardiovascular disease. Its effect in children with GHD is unknown.', 'Three months of GH (0.3 mg/kg/wk) were given to nine children with GHD. Endothelial function was measured via reactive hyperemic response. Forearm blood flow (FBF, strain gauge plethysmography) was measured before and after 5 min of upper arm arterial occlusion. Blood pressure and lipid, insulin and glucose levels were measured. Pretreatment endothelial function was compared to 18 previously studied control children.', 'Percent fall in forearm vascular resistance was greater in controls (81.2 +/- 1.9%) than in children with GHD (69.6 +/- 5.3%, p = 0.021) but was not affected by GH (60.6 +/- 7.5%). GH markedly increased HOMAIR (21 +/- 7 versus 43 +/- 8, p = 0.004). Plasma lipid levels did not significantly differ.\Question: Does growth hormone ( GH ) treatment restore endothelial function in children with GH deficiency?

SOLUTION: These results indicate that endothelial function is impaired in children with GHD. GH therapy does not restore the impairment.

PROBLEM: Context: Serum levels of the tumor marker tissue polypeptide specific antigen (TPS, cytokeratin 18 fragments) are increased in patients with alcoholic liver disease, particularly in cases of alcoholic hepatitis. Mallory bodies, characteristic of alcoholic hepatitis, are cytokeratin 8 and 18 aggregates. The study was aimed at investigating the possible relationship of serum TPS levels with hepatocyte cytokeratin expression in patients with alcoholic liver disease.', 'Twenty-four patients with alcoholic liver disease were studied. Immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratins 8 and 18 was performed in liver specimens by means of CAM 5.2 monoclonal antibody. The number of hepatocytes containing CAM 5.2-reactive cytokeratin inclusions was compared with serum TPS levels.\Question: Are serum levels of tissue polypeptide specific antigen correlated with hepatocyte cytokeratin expression in alcoholic liver disease?

SOLUTION:
The vast majority of alcoholics (95%) showed increased (>100 units/liter) serum TPS levels. Serum TPS levels were significantly correlated with the number of hepatocyte cytokeratin inclusions. Serum TPS levels can predict hepatocyte cytokeratin expression in patients with alcoholic liver disease.