Problem: Even though there is a broad scientific agreement that essentialist and typological conceptualizations of race are untenable, scientists around the world continue to conceptualize race in widely differing ways, some of which have essentialist implications. While some researchers sometimes use the concept of race to make distinctions among fuzzy sets of traits, others in the scientific community suggest that the idea of race often is used in a naive or simplistic way,[page needed] and argue that, among humans, race has no taxonomic significance by pointing out that all living humans belong to the same species, Homo sapiens, and subspecies, Homo sapiens sapiens.

There is a wide consensus that the racial categories that are common in everyday usage are socially constructed, and that racial groups cannot be biologically defined. Nonetheless, some scholars argue that racial categories obviously correlate with biological traits (e.g. phenotype) to some degree, and that certain genetic markers have varying frequencies among human populations, some of which correspond more or less to traditional racial groupings. For this reason, there is no current consensus about whether racial categories can be considered to have significance for understanding human genetic variation.
1. What is in wide consensus?
2. Do scientists agree?
Answer: 1. that essentialist and typological conceptualizations of race are untenable
2. Yes

Problem: CHAPTER XIII

SAM ON THE ROAD

The next few days were very busy ones for Sam because he had a number of important classes to attend, and he was hard at work finishing his theme on "Civilization in Ancient Central America." It was impossible to call on Grace, and so he did nothing to find out the truth about Chester Waltham because he did not wish to ask the girl about this over the telephone, nor did he see his way clear to expressing his thoughts on paper.

Sunday came and went, and Monday morning brought a letter to the youngest Rover which he read with much interest. It was from Belright Fogg, a long-winded and formal communication, in which the lawyer stated that he had been under medical treatment because of being hit in the head by a snowball thrown by Sam, and he demanded fifty dollars damages. If the same was not paid immediately, he stated that he would begin suit.

"Anything wrong, Sam?" questioned Songbird, who was present while Sam was reading the letter. "You look pretty serious."

"Read it for yourself, Songbird," was the reply, and Sam passed the communication over.

"Well, of all the gall!" burst out the would-be poet of Brill. "Fifty dollars! Of course you won't pay any such bill as this?"

"Not so you can notice it," returned Sam, sharply. "If he had sent me a bill for five dollars or less I might have let him have the money just to shut him up. But fifty dollars! Why, it's preposterous!"
1. Who is the story's main character?
2. What is the title of his paper?
3. What did he receive on Monday?
4. Who sent it?
5. What is his occupation?
6. Why did he send the letter?
7. What kind of damages?
8. Why did he need that?
9. Who hit him?
10. Is Sam excited to pay him?
11. Is there an amount Sam would be willing to pay?
12. Does Sam's friend think he should pay?
13. What was her name?
Answer: 1. Sam
2. Civilization in Ancient Central America
3. a letter
4. Belright Fogg
5. lawyer
6. he demanded fifty dollars damages
7. medical treatment
8. being hit in the head by a snowball
9. Sam
10. No
11. five dollars or less
12. No
13. Songbird

Problem: The Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George is a British order of chivalry founded on 28 April 1818 by George, Prince Regent, later King George IV, while he was acting as regent for his father, King George III.

It is named in honour of two military saints, St Michael and St George.

The Order of St Michael and St George was originally awarded to those holding commands or high position in the Mediterranean territories acquired in the Napoleonic Wars, and was subsequently extended to holders of similar office or position in other territories of the British Empire. It is at present awarded to men and women who hold high office or who render extraordinary or important non-military service in a foreign country, and can also be conferred for important or loyal service in relation to foreign and Commonwealth affairs.

The Order includes three classes, in descending order of seniority and rank:

It is used to honour individuals who have rendered important services in relation to Commonwealth or foreign nations. People are appointed to the Order rather than awarded it. British Ambassadors to foreign nations are regularly appointed as KCMGs or CMGs. For example, the former British Ambassador to the United States, Sir David Manning, was appointed a CMG when he worked for the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO), and then after his appointment as British Ambassador to the US, he was promoted to a Knight Commander (KCMG). It is the traditional award for members of the FCO.
1. What is the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George?
2. Who started it?
3. When?
4. What was George doing at the time?
5. for who?
6. who's that?
7. Is it given as an award?
8. How do you get it?
9. Where does the name come from?
10. Who were they?
11. Can anybody get it?
12. Who gets it?
13. services to anyone?
14. to who?
15. Who is David Manning?
16. Who did he work for?
17. What does that stand for?
18. What was he given when he worked there?
19. Did he get moved up?
20. to what?
Answer:
1. a British order of chivalry
2. George, Prince Regent
3. founded on 28 April 1818
4. acting as regent f
5. his father
6. King George III
7. no
8. People are appointed
9. St Michael and St George
10. military saints
11. no
12. individuals that rendered important services
13. no
14. Commonwealth or foreign nations
15. a British Ambassador to the United States
16. FCO
17. British Foreign and Commonwealth Office
18. CMG
19. yes
20. Knight Commander