Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: 31.3 Peripheral nervous system The peripheral nervous system is broken down into two sub-systems, the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. ANS - Autonomic Nervous System The ANS has two components - parasympathetic and sympathetic. The sympathetic nervous system is the "fight or flight" or fright response and results in an increased heart rate, increased rate of breathing, and an elevated blood glucose level. There is also decreased digestion. The second neurotransmitter is epinephrine. In this case, the first neuron is short and the second neuron is long. The parasympathetic nervous system is the rest and digest system. Drugs must be able to pass the blood brain barrier to have an effect on the CNS. Drugs act by affecting the neuron and how likely it is to fire an action potential. Stroke occurs when there is a blood clot that goes to the brain and prevent blood flow. Q: What are the two components of the autonomic nervous system? A:
OPTIONS:
- empathetic and sympathetic
- crystallisation and sympathetic
- neurons and sympathetic
- parasympathetic and sympathetic
Answer: parasympathetic and sympathetic

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Electrical circuits are often modeled by using water in a river. The potential energy of the water is the highest at the source of the river and decreases as the water flows down the river toward the end. When the water reaches the ocean, its potential energy has become zero. The circuit shown below has a similar situation. The current in this circuit is drawn in the direction of the electron flow. It starts at the battery on the left, where electrons leave the negative terminal and travel around the circuit. Since all of the current travels across each resistor, these resistors are said to be in series . A series circuit is one in which all of the current must pass through every resistor in the circuit. Returning to the water analogy, there is only one riverbed from the top of the mountain to the ocean. Q: Where is the potential energy of a river the highest at? A:
OPTIONS:
- the middle
- the ocean
- the bank
- the source
Answer: the source

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Endocrine System: Iodine Deficiency, Hypothyroidism, and Hyperthyroidism As discussed above, dietary iodine is required for the synthesis of T3 and T4. But for much of the world's population, foods do not provide adequate levels of this mineral, because the amount varies according to the level in the soil in which the food was grown, as well as the irrigation and fertilizers used. Marine fish and shrimp tend to have high levels because they concentrate iodine from seawater, but many people in landlocked regions lack access to seafood. Thus, the primary source of dietary iodine in many countries is iodized salt. Fortification of salt with iodine began in the United States in 1924, and international efforts to iodize salt in the world's poorest nations continue today. Dietary iodine deficiency can result in the impaired ability to synthesize T3 and T4, leading to a variety of severe disorders. When T3 and T4 cannot be produced, TSH is secreted in increasing amounts. As a result of this hyperstimulation, thyroglobulin accumulates in the thyroid gland follicles, increasing their deposits of colloid. The accumulation of colloid increases the overall size of the thyroid gland, a condition called a goiter (Figure 17.14). A goiter is only a visible indication of the deficiency. Other iodine deficiency disorders include impaired growth and development, decreased fertility, and prenatal and infant death. Moreover, iodine deficiency is the primary cause of preventable mental retardation worldwide. Neonatal hypothyroidism (cretinism) is characterized by cognitive deficits, short stature, and sometimes deafness and muteness in children and adults born to mothers who were iodinedeficient during pregnancy. Q: A goiter is a visible indication of deficiency of what? A:
OPTIONS:
- arsenic
- chlorine
- water
- iodine
Answer:
iodine