Problem: Process: - Water evaporates from the ground up to the sky - Water droplets are in clouds - The air gets cold - Water droplets turn into ice crystals - Ice crystals in clouds stick together and become snowflakes. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose there will be less clouds happens, how will it affect LESS snow. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?

A: yes

Problem: Process: - Wind passes the turbines and moves the blades - The shaft of the turbine spins - Shaft is connected to a generator - The generator uses the spins of the shaft to rotate a rotor - The rotor spins inside the core, which has magnets inside surrounded by wire loops inside - The spinning of the rotor in the core generates electricity - Perturbation hypothesis: suppose less wind produced happens, how will it affect LESS electricity being generated. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?

A: yes

Problem: Process: - The kidneys receive blood from the renal artery - They process it with millions of tiny nephrons - Remove all the waste - The kidneys return the blood back to the body through the renal artery - Send the urine with the waste to the bladder through the ureters. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose the person is on dialysis happens, how will it affect Kidneys produce urine after filtering the blood. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?

A: yes

Problem: Process: - Chemicals like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen are released into the air - These substances rise into the high atmosphere - They react with water and oxygen - This creates a more acidic rain - The rain with the high acid content falls. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose less oxygen travels in the body happens, how will it affect more chemicals released. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?

A:
no