input: Make use of the article to answer the questions. Comics are a medium used to express ideas by images, often combined with text or other visual information. Comics frequently takes the form of juxtaposed sequences of panels of images. Often textual devices such as speech balloons, captions, and onomatopoeia indicate dialogue, narration, sound effects, or other information. Size and arrangement of panels contribute to narrative pacing. Cartooning and similar forms of illustration are the most common image-making means in comics; fumetti is a form which uses photographic images. Common forms of comics include comic strips, editorial and gag cartoons, and comic books. Since the late 20th century, bound volumes such as graphic novels, comics albums, and tankobon have become increasingly common, and online webcomics have proliferated in the 21st century.

The history of comics has followed different paths in different cultures. Scholars have posited a pre-history as far back as the Lascaux cave paintings. By the mid-20th century, comics flourished particularly in the United States, western Europe (especially in France and Belgium), and Japan. The history of European comics is often traced to Rodolphe Topffer's cartoon strips of the 1830s, and became popular following the success in the 1930s of strips and books such as The Adventures of Tintin. American comics emerged as a mass medium in the early 20th century with the advent of newspaper comic strips; magazine-style comic books followed in the 1930s, in which the superhero genre became prominent after Superman appeared in 1938. Histories of Japanese comics and cartooning (manga) propose origins as early as the 12th century. Modern comic strips emerged in Japan in the early 20th century, and the output of comics magazines and books rapidly expanded in the post-World War II era with the popularity of cartoonists such as Osamu Tezuka. Comics has had a lowbrow reputation for much of its history, but towards the end of the 20th century began to find greater acceptance with the public and in academia. 1. What is a medium used to express ideas by images?
2. Are these images often combined with other information?
3. What kind of information?
4. How many kinds of textual devices are often used?
5. What contributes to narrative pacing?
6. What is the most common image making means?
7. Which form uses photographic images?
8. When did graphic novels become common?
9. What about webcomics?
10. Has the history of comics followed the same paths in different cultures?
11. Where have scholars postited comic pre-history to?
12. Did comics flourish in western Europe in the mid 20th century?
13. Any place in particular?
14. Any other places?
15. Where is European comics traced to?
16. When did they become popular?
17. What was a popular comic book during that time?
18. When were magazine style comic books emerging?
19. Did this lead to the popularity of the superhero genre?
20. Which superhero spawned this surge?
numbered_answers: 1. Comics
2. yes
3. text or other visual information.
4. six
5. Size and arrangement of panels
6. Cartooning and similar forms of illustration
7. fumetti
8. Since the late 20th century
9. in the 21st century.
10. no
11. the Lascaux cave paintings.
12. yes
13. (especially in France and Belgium)
14. The United States and Japan
15. Rodolphe Topffer's cartoon strips of the 1830s,
16. in the 1930s
17. The Adventures of Tintin.
18. the 1930s
19. yes
20. Superman

input: Make use of the article to answer the questions. One of the most famous scientists to study adaptations was Charles Darwin . He was born in England in 1809. He wasn't the best student in his school, but when he was 16, his father sent him to a medical school. Charles liked spending time outdoors observing nature more than having medical classes. He dropped out without graduating. Next, Charles' father sent him to school to become a minister . This time he made it to graduation, but he didn't want to do the work of a minister. His friends encouraged him to follow his interest in science. Luckily, Charles was invited to sail on the Beagle as an unpaid scientist after graduation. The Beagle was to travel to South America and then around the world. Their task was to make maps of the places they visited. On December 27th, 1831. Charles Darwin sailed from England on the Beagle. The trip was planned to last two years. In fact, it lasted five. During this time, he saw many amazing things. He collected lots of plants and animals and took them back to England to begin his scientific study. Twenty-three years later, Darwin published a scientific paper with another man named Wallace. Darwin described how some animals have adaptations that help them survive. _ are passed on to offspring . Darwin's ideas about adaptations are still very important to the study of living things. 1. What is the Beagle?
2. When did the ship make saile?
3. How long was the trip?
4. How old was he when the ship departed England?
5. Why did he drop out?
6. What happened next?
7. Did he graduate this time?
8. Did he like ministering?
9. Did he make a lot of money sailing?
10. Where did the ship go first?
11. What were they making?
12. What year was the paper published?
13. Who was the co-author?
numbered_answers: 1. a ship to travel to South America
2. On December 27th, 1831
3. five years
4. 22
5. He preferred spending time outdoors
6. his father sent him to school to become a minister
7. yes
8. no
9. no
10. South America
11. maps
12. 1854
13. Wallace

input: Make use of the article to answer the questions. CHAPTER TWELVE.

VICTORY!

But before that winter closed, ay, before it began, a great victory was gained, which merits special mention here. Let us retrace our steps a little.

One morning, while Ian Macdonald was superintending the preparation of breakfast in some far-away part of the western wilderness, and Michel Rollin was cutting firewood, Victor Ravenshaw came rushing into camp with the eager announcement that he had seen the footprints of an _enormous_ grizzly bear!

At any time such news would have stirred the blood of Ian, but at that time, when the autumn was nearly over, and hope had almost died in the breast of our scholastic backwoodsman, the news burst upon him with the thrilling force of an electric shock.

"Now, Ian, take your gun and go in and win," said Victor with enthusiasm, for the youth had been infected with Rollin's spirit of gallantry.

"You see," Rollin had said to Victor during a confidential _tete-a-tete_, "ven a lady is in de case ye must bow de head. Ian do love your sister. Ver goot. Your sister do vish for a bar-claw collar. Ver goot. Vell, de chance turn up at last--von grizzly bar do appear. Who do shot 'im? Vy, Ian, certaintly. Mais, it is pity he am so 'bominibly bad shot!"

Victor, being an unselfish fellow, at once agreed to this; hence his earnest advice that Ian should take his gun and go in and win. But Ian shook his head.

"My dear boy," he said, with a sigh, "it's of no use my attempting to shoot a bear, or anything else. I don't know what can be wrong with my vision, I can see as clear and as far as the best of you, and I'm not bad, you'll allow, at following up a trail over hard ground; but when it comes to squinting along the barrel of a gun I'm worse than useless. It's my belief that if I took aim at a haystack at thirty yards I'd miss it. No, Vic, I must give up the idea of shooting altogether." 1. Who was in charge of the meal?
2. What was the meal?
3. What was Michael doing?
4. What did Victor see?
5. What did Victor want his friend to get?
6. Why?
7. What season was it?
8. Was Victor excited about the animal?
9. What about Ian?
10. Was Ian a good shot?
numbered_answers:
1. Ian Macdonald
2. breakfast
3. cutting firewood
4. the footprints of an _enormous_ grizzly bear!
5. his gun
6. to win
7. winter close
8. Yes
9. Yes
10. No