input: Make use of the article to answer the questions. The French colonial empire constituted the overseas colonies, protectorates and mandate territories that came under French rule from the 16th century onward. A distinction is generally made between the "first colonial empire", that existed until 1814, by which time most of it had been lost, and the "second colonial empire", which began with the conquest of Algiers in 1830. The second empire came to an end after the loss of bitter wars in Vietnam (1955) and Algeria (1962), and peaceful decolonization elsewhere after 1960.

Competing with Spain, Portugal, the United Provinces, and later England, France began to establish colonies in North America, the Caribbean, and India in the 17th century. A series of wars with Great Britain and other European major powers during the 18th century and early 19th century resulted in France losing nearly all of its conquests. France rebuilt a new empire mostly after 1850, concentrating chiefly in Africa, as well as Indochina and the South Pacific. Republicans, at first hostile to empire, only became supportive when Germany started to build her own colonial empire. As it developed, the new empire took on roles of trade with France, especially supplying raw materials and purchasing manufactured items, as well as lending prestige to the motherland and spreading French civilization and language, and the Catholic religion. It also provided manpower in the World Wars. 1. When did France first have a colony in India?
2. Was there a lot of competition with other countries?
3. Can you name one?
4. And another?
5. Did England eventually become competition, too?
6. What happened to France after going to battle with Great Britain and other countries?
7. What did France mainly rebuild itself?
8. Where did it do this, primarily?
9. Anywhere else?
10. Where?
11. Who started out against the empire but became a supporter later?
12. What did Germany do that brought about this change of stance?
13. Did that newly developed empire begin to exchange goods with France?
14. Can you name the main thing?
15. And what did the empire start buying?
16. Ejsy
17. What's something that started to spread?
18. What religion did they help spread?
19. When did the first colonial empire cease to be?
20. And what was it called after that?
numbered_answers: 1. the 17th century.
2. yes
3. Spain
4. Portugal
5. yes
6. it lost nearly all of its conquests.
7. a new empire
8. Africa
9. yes
10. Indochina and the South Pacific.
11. Republicans
12. started to build a colonial empire.
13. yes
14. raw materials
15. manufactured items
16. unknown
17. French civilization and language
18. Catholic
19. 1814
20. the "second colonial empire"

input: Make use of the article to answer the questions. How to react to Iran's new smiley-faced president, Hassan Rouhani?

Smile back, but don't stop squeezing Iran with sanctions.

Rouhani has offered a series of positive gestures since taking office in early August. He has released some political prisoners. He sent New Year's greetings to Jews in Iran and around the world. He took a phone call from the president of the United States.

Does any of this portend real change in Iran?

The case for skepticism is strong. None of the regime has changed in any way. Iran continues to make mischief through the region, most horrifically by supporting the brutal actions of the Bashar al-Assad regime in Syria. As far as anyone can tell, Iran pursues nuclear weapons as determinedly as ever.

Rouhani himself is no liberal and no Democrat. An early supporter of the Ayatollah Khomeini, Rouhani held senior positions in the Iranian state during the regime's most vicious period of international terrorism, the early 1990s - the years in which Iranian-backed terrorists carried out assassinations in Berlin and Paris and carried out two terrible bombings of Jewish targets in Buenos Aires, killing 114 people and wounding nearly a thousand more.

As Iran's chief nuclear negotiator in the 2000s, Rouhani nimbly evaded international efforts to achieve a peaceful end to the country's drive for weapons of mass death.

More fundamentally, the president of Iran does not govern the country's national security system. The military and the secret police answer to the supreme leader, the Ayatollah Khameini, who has very emphatic geopolitical ideas of his own. Compared with all that, a cheerful tweet and a few words of condemnation of Nazi crimes don't seem much of an offset. 1. Who is the new ruler in Iran?
2. When did he officially start the job?
3. Where else has he had upper government jobs?
4. When was that?
5. Who was he working for in the 2000s?
6. For which country?
7. Did he agree with international efforts of that time?
8. What were they trying to stop Iran from getting?
9. Is he a democrat?
10. A liberal?
11. What has he let go as president?
12. What did he give Jews?
13. Where?
14. Did he talk to the U.S. President?
15. How?
16. Is Iran still after nuclear weapons?
17. Where is Bashar ruling?
18. Does Iran support him?
19. Who directs the secret police?
20. Does he direct the military as well?
numbered_answers: 1. Hassan Rouhani
2. early August
3. Iranian state
4. early 1990s
5. chief nuclear negotiator
6. Iran
7. no he evaded
8. weapons of mass death
9. no
10. no
11. political prisoners
12. New Year's greetings
13. in Iran and around the world
14. yes
15. ook a phone call from
16. yes
17. Syria
18. yes
19. Ayatollah Khamein
20. yes

input: Make use of the article to answer the questions. CHAPTER XIII.

Shall I sit alone in my chamber, And set the chairs by the wall, While you sit with lords and princes, Yet have not a thought at all?

Shall I sit alone in my chamber, And duly the table lay, Whilst you stand up in the diet, And have not a word to say?--Old Danish Ballad.

"Oh, Norman, are you come already?" exclaimed Margaret, as her brother opened the door, bringing in with him the crisp breath of December.

"Yes, I came away directly after collections. How are you, Margaret?"

"Pretty brave, thank you;" but the brother and sister both read on each other's features that the additional three months of suspense had told. There were traces of toil and study on Norman's brow; the sunken look about his eyes, and the dejected outline of his cheek, Margaret knew betokened discouragement; and though her mild serenity was not changed, she was almost transparently thin and pale. They had long ago left off asking whether there were tidings, and seldom was the subject adverted to, though the whole family seemed to be living beneath a dark shadow.

"How is Flora?" he next asked.

"Going on beautifully, except that papa thinks she does too much in every way. She declares that she shall bring the baby to show me in another week, but I don't think it will be allowed."

"And the little lady prospers?"

"Capitally, though I get rather contradictory reports of her. First, papa declared her something surpassing--exactly like Flora, and so I suppose she is; but Ethel and Meta will say nothing for her beauty, and Blanche calls her a fright. But papa is her devoted admirer--he does so enjoy having a sort of property again in a baby!" 1. Is Margaret related to Norman?
2. How are they related?
3. During which month did he visit?
4. Who did he ask about?
5. How is Flora doing?
6. What does papa say about Flora?
7. What does Blanche say?
8. And what about Ethel and Meta?
9. Was Margaret obese?
10. What did Norman's eyes look like?
11. And how about his cheek?
numbered_answers:
1. Yes
2. Siblings
3. December.
4. Margaret
5. Pretty brave
6. She does too much
7. Calls her a fright
8. They will say nothing for her beauty
9. No
10. Sunken
11. A dejected outline