Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

Geomatics (including geomatics engineering), also known as surveying engineering or geospatial science (including geospatial engineering and geospatial technology), is the discipline of gathering, storing, processing, and delivering geographic information or spatially referenced information. In other words, it "consists of products, services and tools involved in the collection, integration and management of geographic data".

Michel Paradis, a French-Canadian surveyor, introduced "geomatics" as a new scientific term in an article published in 1981 in "The Canadian Surveyor" and in a keynote address at the centennial congress of the Canadian Institute of Surveying in April 1982. He claimed that at the end of the 20th century the needs for geographical information would reach a scope without precedent in history and in order to address these needs, it was necessary to integrate in a new discipline both the traditional disciplines of land surveying and the new tools and techniques of data capture, manipulation, storage and diffusion.

Geomatics includes the tools and techniques used in land surveying, remote sensing, cartography, geographic information systems (GIS), global-navigation satellite systems (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, Compass), photogrammetry, geophysics, geography, and related forms of earth mapping. The term was originally used in Canada, because it is similar in origin to both French and English, but has since been adopted by the International Organization for Standardization, the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors, and many other international authorities, although some (especially in the United States) have shown a preference for the term "geospatial technology".

1. who introduced geomatics?
2. where's he from?
3. when was it introduced?
4. How was the term introduced to the scientific community
5. where was that published?
6. was there another way he the phrase?
7. what traditional field needed to be integrated?
8. how many new tools are listed?
9. what's 1?
10. another?
11. what does GIS stand for?
12. is geomatics the word, used internationally?
13. does the US?
14. what do they prefer?
15. what are other terms for Geomatics?
16. collection and integration of what?

Numbered answers:

A: 1. Michel Paradis
2. Canada
3. 1981
4. in an article
5. in "The Canadian Surveyor"
6. "geospatial technology"
7. land surveying
8. four
9. data capture
10. manipulation
11. geographic information systems
12. yestional Organization for Standardization, the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors, and many other international authorities,
13. no
14. "geospatial technology"
15. surveying engineering or geospatial science
16. geographic data

Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

(CNN) -- Arvind Mahankali, a 13-year-old eighth-grader from Bayside Hills, New York, won the Scripps National Spelling Bee on Thursday, correctly spelling the word "knaidel."

"It means that I am retiring on a good note," said Mahankali, who attends Nathaniel Hawthorne Middle School 74 and was in his last year of eligibility. "I shall spend the summer, maybe the entire day, studying physics."

Mahankali, who wants to become a physicist, had finished third in the two previous national bees, being eliminated after misspelling words with German roots.

"I thought that the German curse had turned into a German blessing," he said, when asked what he thought when he heard the final word, a German-derived Yiddish word for a type of dumpling.

Pranav Sivakumar, a 13-year-old from Tower Lakes, Illinois, finished second. He missed on "cyanophycean" before Mahankali nailed "tokonoma" and "knaidel" for the victory.

The annual contest offers the winner a healthy dose of classroom cred, $32,500 in cash and savings bonds, a trophy and a library of reference materials.

Contest isn't bee-all and end-all

Eleven million schoolchildren participated in preliminaries leading up to the national contest this week. Of those, 281 children made the trip to Oxon Hill, Maryland, just outside Washington, for the national bee. Eleven spellers made it through to the finals.

Among them were 63 children who had been to at least one national bee before, and had to prepare for some changes in the rules for this year's events.

For the first time, participants had to demonstrate proficiency in vocabulary in addition to spelling.

1. Who is the young subject of the story?
2. How old is he?
3. What did he win?
4. What was the winning word?
5. What is he doing after this event?
6. What does he want to do when he grows up?
7. How did he do in his last two competitions?
8. What kind of words did he have trouble with?
9. What was the origin of the final word this time?
10. What does the word mean?
11. Who was the runner-up?
12. How old is he?
13. Where's he from?
14. What did he misspell?
15. What other word did the winning contestant get right?
16. What's the financial reward for the winner?
17. Do they also get a trophy?
18. Anything else?
19. What?
20. How many kids participate in the prelims for the event?

Numbered answers:

A: 1. Arvind Mahankali
2. 13
3. the Scripps National Spelling Bee
4. "knaidel"
5. studying physics
6. wants to become a physicist
7. he finished third
8. words with German roots
9. German
10. dumpling
11. Pranav Sivakumar
12. 13
13. Tower Lakes, Illinois
14. "cyanophycean"
15. "tokonoma"
16. $32,500 in cash
17. yes
18. yes
19. a library of reference materials
20. eleven million

Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

Random House is the largest general-interest paperback publisher in the world. As of 2013, it is part of Penguin Random House, which is jointly owned by German media conglomerate Bertelsmann and British global education and publishing company Pearson PLC.

Random House was founded in 1925 by Americans Bennett Cerf and Donald Klopfer, two years after they acquired the Modern Library imprint from publisher Horace Liveright, which reprints classic works of literature. Cerf is quoted as saying, "We just said we were going to publish a few books on the side at random," which suggested the name Random House. In 1934 they published the first authorized edition of James Joyce's novel "Ulysses" in the Anglophone world.

In October 1959, Random House went public at $11.25 a share. This move drew other publishing companies, such as Simon & Schuster, to later go public.

Random House entered reference publishing in 1947 with the "American College Dictionary", which was followed in 1966 by its first unabridged dictionary.

American publishers Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. and Pantheon Books were acquired by Random House in 1960 and 1961, respectively; works continue to be published under these imprints with editorial independence, such as Everyman's Library, a series of classical literature reprints.

1. When was Random House founded?
2. Are there any larger gemeral interest paperback publishers in the world?
3. When did Random House start publishing reference books?
4. With what dictionary?
5. Who were the publishing houses founders?
6. When did they first publish the book Ulysses?
7. When did the Random House company go public?
8. At what price per share was the stock originally?
9. Who did they aquire Mordern Library imprint from?
10. What does it do?
11. Which publishers were aquired by Random House in 1960 and 1961?
12. How was the name for Random House came up with

Numbered answers:

A:
1. 1925
2. no
3. 1947
4. "American College Dictionary"
5. Bennett Cerf and Donald Klopfer,
6. 1934
7. October 1959
8. $11.25
9. publisher Horace Liverigh
10. reprints classic works of literature.
11. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. and Pantheon Books
12. Cerf is quoted as saying, "We just said we were going to publish a few books on the side at random," which suggested the name Random House