Information: - The 1938 Constitution of Romania was the fundamental law of Romania from the time of its adoption until 1940. It formed the legal basis for the royal dictatorship of King Carol II. - Ion Gheorghe Duca (December 20, 1879 December 30, 1933) was prime minister of Romania from November 14 to December 30, 1933, when he was assassinated for his efforts to suppress the fascist Iron Guard movement. - The Ottoman Empire ('; Modern Turkish: ' or '), also known as the Turkish Empire, Ottoman Turkey, was an empire founded at the end of the thirteenth century in northwestern Anatolia in the vicinity of Bilecik and Sout by the Oghuz Turkish tribal leader Osman. After 1354, the Ottomans crossed into Europe, and with the conquest of the Balkans the Ottoman Beylik was transformed into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the 1453 conquest of Constantinople by Mehmed the Conqueror. - The term Greater Romania usually refers to the borders of the Kingdom of Romania in the interwar period. It also refers to a pan-nationalist idea. - The Prime Minister of Romania is the head of the Government of Romania. Initially, the office was styled "President of the Council of Ministers", when the term "Government" included more than the Cabinet, and the Cabinet was called "The Council of Ministers" ("Consiliul de Minitri"). The title was officially changed to "Prime Minister" during the communist regime. - Gheorghe Argeanu (February 28, 1883 November 26/27, 1940) was a Romanian cavalry general and politician who served as a Prime Minister of Romania for about a week in 1939 (September 21-September 28). - Bulgaria (tr. '), officially the Republic of Bulgaria (tr. '), is a country in southeastern Europe. It is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, and the Black Sea to the east. With a territory of , Bulgaria is Europe's 16th-largest country. - Serbia, officially the Republic of Serbia, is a sovereign state situated at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central Balkans. Relative to its small territory, it is a diverse country distinguished by a "transitional" character, situated along cultural, geographic, climatic and other boundaries. Serbia is landlocked and borders Hungary to the north; Romania and Bulgaria to the east; Macedonia to the south; and Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Montenegro to the southwest; it also claims a border with Albania through the disputed territory of Kosovo. Serbia numbers around 7 million residents, and its capital, Belgrade, ranks among the largest cities in Southeast Europe. - Octavian Goga (1 April 1881 7 May 1938) was a Romanian politician, poet, playwright, journalist, and translator. - Ion Gigurtu ( Romanian pronunciation : ( ion diurtu ) ; June 24 , 1886 -- November 24 , 1959 ) was a Romanian politician , Land Forces officer , engineer and industrialist who served a brief term as Prime Minister from July 4 to September 4 , 1940 , under the personal regime of King Carol II. A specialist in mining and veteran of both the Second Balkan War and World War I , he made a fortune in interwar Greater Romania . Gigurtu began his career in politics with the People 's Party ( PP ) and the National Agrarian Party , moving closer to the far right during the 1930s , and serving as Minister of Industry and Commerce in the cabinet of Octavian Goga . Shortly after the start of World War II , Gigurtu was affiliated with King Carol 's National Renaissance Front , serving as Public Works and Communications Minister and Foreign Minister under Premier Gheorghe Ttrescu , before the territorial losses incurred by Romania in front of the Soviet Union propelled him as Ttrescu 's replacement . Gigurtu 's executive was primarily noted for realizing the inability of France and the United Kingdom to guarantee Romania 's borders and , accordingly , for the alignment with Nazi Germany . As part of this program , Gigurtu most notably enforced official antisemitism and racial discrimination , implementing locally a version of the Nuremberg Laws . Despite such measures , the government fell after being compelled by Germany to accept the cession of Northern Transylvania to Hungary , and was consequently forced to resign amidst nationwide protests . Gigurtu retreated from public life for the rest of the war , and , following the pro-Allied King Michael Coup , was arrested , investigated and released several times . Ultimately prosecuted by the newly proclaimed Communist regime as part of a show trial , he eventually died in prison . - Dinu Brtianu (January 13, 1866 1950), born Constantin I. C. Brtianu, was a Romanian politician, who led the National Liberal Party (PNL) starting in 1934. - World WarII (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the world's nationsincluding all of the great powerseventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of "total war", the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust (in which approximately 11 million people were killed) and the strategic bombing of industrial and population centres (in which approximately one million were killed, and which included the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki), it resulted in an estimated 50 million to 85 million fatalities. These made World WarII the deadliest conflict in human history. - Moscow (or ) is the capital and most populous city of Russia, with 12.2 million residents within the city limits and 16.8 million within the urban area. Moscow has the status of a Russian federal city. - Constantin Argetoianu ( February 6, 1955) was a Romanian politician, one of the best-known personalities of interwar Greater Romania, who served as the Prime Minister between September 28 and November 23, 1939. His memoirs, "Memorii. Pentru cei de maine. Amintiri din vremea celor de ieri" ("Memoirs. For those of tomorrow. Recollections of yesterday's world")a cross section of Romanian society, were made known for the sharp critique of several major figures in Romanian politics (using a sarcastic tone which had made his previous political speeches notorious). - The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR " ) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991. A union of multiple subnational republics, its government and economy were highly centralized. The Soviet Union was a one-party federation, governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital. - The Parliament of Romania is the national legislature of Romania, consisting of the Chamber of Deputies ("Camera Deputailor"), and the Senate ("Senat"). Its meeting place is at the Palace of the Parliament in Bucharest. - Ukraine (tr. ) is a sovereign state in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the east and northeast, Belarus to the northwest, Poland and Slovakia to the west, Hungary, Romania, and Moldova to the southwest, and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively. Ukraine is currently in territorial dispute with Russia over the Crimean Peninsula which Russia annexed in 2014 but which Ukraine and most of the international community recognise as Ukrainian. Including Crimea, Ukraine has an area of , making it the largest country entirely within Europe and the 46th largest country in the world. It has a population of about 44.5 million, making it the 32nd most populous country in the world. - A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers' opinions before taking actions of their own. International relations theorists have posited that great power status can be characterized into power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status dimensions. - Continental climates are defined in the Koppen climate classification has having a coldest month mean temperature below -3 C (26.6 F) or 0C depending on which isotherm used for the coldest month and four months above 10C. In the Koppen climate system, Continental climates were bordered to the south by Temperate climates or C climates (coldest month above 0 C, but below 18 C) and to the north by Boreal climate or E climates (only 1 to 3 months with a mean temperature of 50 F). Koppen also defined continental climates as having more than 30 days with continuous snowcover on the ground. - Sofia (or or ;) ("Sofiya",) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria. The city has a population of 1.26 million, while 1.68 million people live in its metropolitan area. The city is located at the foot of Vitosha Mountain in the western part of the country, within less than drive from the Serbian border. Its location in the centre of the Balkan peninsula means that it is the midway between the Black Sea and the Adriatic Sea, whereas the Aegean Sea is the closest to it. - The First Balkan War (, ), lasted from October 1912 to May 1913 and comprised actions of the Balkan League (the kingdoms of Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece and Montenegro) against the Ottoman Empire. The combined armies of the Balkan states overcame the numerically inferior and strategically disadvantaged Ottoman armies and achieved rapid success. - The Kingdom of Romania was a constitutional monarchy which existed between 13 March 1881 and 30 December 1947, specified by the first three Constitutions of Romania (1866, 1923, 1938). The Kingdom of Romania began with the reign of King Carol I of Romania who gained Romanians' independence from the Ottoman Empire in the Romanian War of Independence (part of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878), and ended with the abdication of King Michael I of Romania on 30 December 1947, imposed by the Soviet Union with the tacit and secret, implicit consent of its allies (as a result of the Yalta Conference and secret agreements). As such, it is quite distinct from the Romanian Old Kingdom, which refers strictly to the reign of King Carol I of Romania, between 14 March (O.S.) 1881 and 27 September (O.S.) 1914. - Gheorghe I. Ttrescu (also known as "Gu Ttrescu", with a slightly antiquated pet form of his given name; 2 November 1886 28 March 1957) was a Romanian politician who served twice as Prime Minister of Romania (19341937; 19391940), three times as Minister of Foreign Affairs ("interim" in 1934 and 1938; appointed to the office in 1945-1947), and once as Minister of War (1934). Representing the "young liberals" faction inside the National Liberal Party (PNL), Ttrescu began his political career as a collaborator of Ion G. Duca, becoming noted for his anti-Communism and, in time, for his conflicts with the PNL's leader Dinu Brtianu and the Foreign Minister Nicolae Titulescu. During his first time in office, he moved closer to King Carol II, leading an ambivalent policy toward the fascist Iron Guard and ultimately becoming instrumental in establishing the authoritarian and corporatist regime around the National Renaissance Front. In 1940, he accepted the cession of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union, and consequently had to resign. - Nicolae Titulescu (March 4, 1882 March 17, 1941) was a well-known Romanian diplomat, at various times government minister, finance and foreign minister, and for two terms President of the General Assembly of the League of Nations (193032). - Armand Clinescu (4 June 1893 21 September 1939) was a Romanian economist and politician, who served as Prime Minister from March 1939 until his assassination six months later. - Hiroshima is perhaps best known as the first city in history to be targeted by a nuclear weapon when the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) dropped an atomic bomb on the city (and later on Nagasaki) at 8:15a.m. on August 6, 1945, near the end of World War II. - The Second Balkan War was a conflict which broke out when Bulgaria, dissatisfied with its share of the spoils of the First Balkan War, attacked its former allies, Serbia and Greece, on 16 (O.S.)/29 June 1913. Serbian and Greek armies repulsed the Bulgarian offensive and counter-attacked, entering Bulgaria. With Bulgaria also having previously engaged in territorial disputes with Romania, this war provoked Romanian intervention against Bulgaria. The Ottoman Empire also took advantage of the situation to regain some lost territories from the previous war. When Romanian troops approached the capital Sofia, Bulgaria asked for an armistice, resulting in the Treaty of Bucharest, in which Bulgaria had to cede portions of its First Balkan War gains to Serbia, Greece and Romania. In the Treaty of Constantinople, it lost Edirne to the Ottomans. - A sovereign state is, in international law, a nonphysical juridical entity that is represented by one centralised government that has sovereignty over a geographic area. International law defines sovereign states as having a permanent population, defined territory, one government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other sovereign states. It is also normally understood that a sovereign state is neither dependent on nor subjected to any other power or state. - The Black Sea is a body of water between Eastern Europe and Western Asia, bounded by Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Russia, Turkey, and Ukraine. It is supplied by a number of major rivers, such as the Danube, Dnieper, Rioni, Southern Bug, and Dniester. The Black Sea has an area of (not including the Sea of Azov), a maximum depth of , and a volume of . It is constrained by the Pontic Mountains to the south and by the Caucasus Mountains to the east, and features a wide shelf to the northwest. The longest east-west extent is about . - Edirne, historically known as "Adrianople", in Bulgarian known as "Odrin", is a city in the northwestern Turkish province of Edirne, in the region of East Thrace, close to Turkey's borders with Greece and Bulgaria. Edirne served as the third capital city of the Ottoman Empire from 1363 to 1453, before Constantinople (present-day Istanbul) became the empire's fourth and final capital. At present, Edirne is the capital of Edirne Province in Turkish Thrace. The city's estimated population in 2014 was 165,979. - Romania is a sovereign state located in Southeastern Europe. It borders the Black Sea, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Hungary, Serbia, and Moldova. It has an area of and a temperate-continental climate. With 19.94 million inhabitants, the country is the seventh-most-populous member state of the European Union. The capital and largest city, Bucharest, with its 1,883,425 inhabitants is the sixth-largest city in the EU. - The National Renaissance Front (FRN; also translated as "Front of National Regeneration", "Front of National Rebirth", "Front of National Resurrection", or "Front of National Renaissance") was a Romanian political party created by King Carol II in 1938 as the single monopoly party of government following his decision to ban all other political parties and suspend the 1923 Constitution, and the passing of the 1938 Constitution of Romania. It was the party of Prime Ministers Armand Clinescu, Gheorghe Argeanu, Constantin Argetoianu, Gheorghe Ttrescu and Ion Gigurtu, whose regimes were associated with corporatism and antisemitism. Largely reflecting Carol's own political choices, the FRN was the last of several attempts to counter the popularity of the Iron Guard, itself a fascist and antisemitic movement. Carol reorganized the FRN into the more radical Party of the Nation (or , PN) in mid-1940, designed as a "totalitarian unity party". It effectively ceased to function the following year when the Parliament of Romania was dissolved. - Anti-communism is opposition to communism. Organized anti-communism developed in reaction to the rise of communism, especially after the 1917 October Revolution in Russia. It reached global dimensions during the Cold War, when United States and the Soviet Union engaged in an intense rivalry. What entity does 'ion gigurtu' has the relation 'position held' with?
prime minister of romania