instruction:
In this task, you're given a passage, further information available on a particular linked term from the statement, and an answer term. Your job is to generate a question that can use the information provided to obtain the given answer. You should use the information on both passage and link information to create the question. Note that the answer to the question should be exactly the given answer, and if the answer is none, the answer to the question shouldn't be obtainable from the passage or linked information.
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Passage: The Victor Emmanuel Railway, which included both the CulozModane railway across Savoy and the TurinModane railway across Piedmont, was largely built in the 1850s by the Kingdom of Sardinia and named after its king, Victor Emmanuel II. Until 1860 Sardinia included both Savoy and Piedmont. The line from Turin to Susa was inaugurated on 22 May 1854. Work on the tunnel began on 31 August 1857 and was completed in September 1871. Work had begun on the line between Bussoleno and Bardonecchia in 1867 and was completed at the same time as the tunnel. The tunnel and line were opened on 16 October 1871. By that time, the Savoy side of the tunnel had become part of France. The decision of the engineers to begin the line at Bussoleno in order to reduce the gradient on the climb near Meana was much criticized for bypassing the city of Susa, which was left isolated on a short branch line. The opening of the tunnel also led to the closure of the short-lived Mont Cenis Pass Railway. In 1865 the line became part of the network of the Societa per le strade ferrate dell'Alta Italia (Upper Italian Railways, SFAI) on its foundation in 1865 and was taken over by the Rete Mediterranea (Mediterranean Network) in 1885. Finally in 1905 it became part of the Ferrovie dello Stato network.
Link Information: The Kingdom of Sardinia was a state in Southern Europe from the early 14th until the mid-19th century. Answer: early 14th
answer:
When did the sovereign entity that built the Victor Emmanuel Railway begin?

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Passage: Smith was born in New York City to Clarence Bishop Smith, an admiralty lawyer and Catherine Cook Smith, author and patron of the arts. In 1917, at age twelve Smith took up study of the flute with Georges Barrere at the Institute of Musical Art (later the Juilliard School). For high school he attended the Hackley School from 19201922. Upon graduation, he went to France to study French at Ecole Yersin and flute with Louis Fleury in Paris. In 1923 he entered Harvard University, while studying flute with Georges Laurent, principle flutist of the Boston Symphony Orchestra. Though he began with an interest in French, he gravitated to the study of Spanish and Portuguese literature and history. He graduated Harvard with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1927 and an Master of Arts degree in 1928. In 1928 he began study at the University of Vienna, obtaining his doctorate in 1930 with his dissertation Ein Vetternzwist im Hause Habsburg concerning rivalries between seventeenth-century Austrian and Spanish Habsburgs. The same year he served as vice-chairman of the Committee on Inter-American Relations in the field of music for the United States Department of State.
Link Information: none Answer: none
answer:
Who is the president of the school where Smith obtained his doctorate?

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Passage: The United States Supreme Court had ruled the Civil Rights Act of 1875 as unconstitutional in 1883. By the time of the convention the groundwork was laid for decades of segregation. On September 18, 1895, Booker T. Washington, an accommodationist, had given the Atlanta Exposition Speech, at the Cotton States and International Exposition. He was revered by followers and had critics such as William Monroe Trotter and W. E. B. Du Bois. An agreement was reached between black and white leaders that blacks would submit to white political rule in exchange for a guarantee of receiving basic education and due process in law. By 1890, Jim Crow Laws replaced black codes with a separate but equal status for black people. The United States Supreme Court Decision of Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896, stemming from the arrest of Homer Plessy in 1892, upheld racial segregation. Article 248 provided for free public separate schools, for "white and colored" races.
Link Information: In 1856, Washington was born into slavery in Virginia Answer: Virginia
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What state was Washington born in?