Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Note Sometimes the word pure is added to substance, but this is not absolutely necessary. By definition, any single substance is pure. The smallest part of an element that maintains the identity of that element is called an atom. Atoms are extremely tiny; to make a line 1 inch long, you would need 217 million iron atoms. The smallest part of a compound that maintains the identity of that compound is called a molecule. Molecules are composed of atoms that are attached together and behave as a unit. Scientists usually work with millions and millions of atoms and molecules at a time. When a scientist is working with large numbers of atoms or molecules at a time, the scientist is studying the macroscopic view of the universe. However, scientists can also describe chemical events on the level of individual atoms or molecules, which is referred to as the microscopic viewpoint. We will see examples of Saylor URL: http://www. saylor. org/books. Q: The smallest part of an element that maintains the identity of that element is called what? A:

OPTIONS:
- lattice
- nucleus
- neutron
- atom

A: atom

input: OPTIONS:
- enzymes
- hormones
- lipids
- proteins Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Regulation of Nitrogen Wastes Nitrogen wastes are produced by the breakdown of proteins during normal metabolism. Proteins are broken down into amino acids, which in turn are deaminated by having their nitrogen groups removed. Deamination converts the amino (NH2) groups into ammonia (NH3), ammonium ion (NH4+), urea, or uric acid (Figure 25.22). Ammonia is extremely toxic, so most of it is very rapidly converted into urea in the liver. Human urinary wastes typically contain primarily urea with small amounts of ammonium and very little uric acid. Q: Nitrogen wastes are produced by the breakdown of what during normal metabolism? A:
A:
output: proteins

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Where do ectotherms get most of their heat? A:

OPTIONS:
- food
- metabolism
- internally
- external sources

Answer: external sources

Problem: OPTIONS:
- insulin and estrogen
- serotonin and glucagon
- testosterone and insulin
- insulin and glucagon
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The pancreas is located near the stomach. Its hormones include insulin and glucagon. These two hormones work together to control the level of glucose in the blood. Insulin causes excess blood glucose to be taken up by the liver, which stores the glucose as glycogen. Glucagon stimulates the liver to break down glycogen into glucose and release it back into the blood. The pancreas also secretes digestive enzymes into the digestive tract. Q: Which hormones work together to control the level of glucose in the blood? A:
Answer: insulin and glucagon

Problem:OPTIONS:
- pulley
- lever
- monkey wrench
- shoulder

Answer the following question given this paragraph: There are a variety of types of movable joints, which are illustrated in Figure below . The joints are classified by how they move. For example, a ball-and-socket joint , such as the shoulder, has the greatest range of motion, allowing movement in several directions. Other movable joints, including hinge joints such as the knee, allow less movement. Q: Give an example of a ball-and-socket joint, which has the greatest range of motion, allowing movement in several directions. A:
****
A: shoulder

Problem:OPTIONS:
- atp
- ribosomes
- amino acid chains
- dna

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Figure 17.5 Viruses can be complex in shape or relatively simple. This figure shows three relatively complex virions: the bacteriophage T4, with its DNA-containing head group and tail fibers that attach to host cells; adenovirus, which uses spikes from its capsid to bind to the host cells; and HIV, which uses glycoproteins embedded in its envelope to do so. Notice that HIV has proteins called matrix proteins, internal to the envelope, which help stabilize virion shape. HIV is a retrovirus, which means it reverse transcribes its RNA genome into DNA, which is then spliced into the host's DNA. (credit "bacteriophage, adenovirus": modification of work by NCBI, NIH; credit "HIV retrovirus": modification of work by NIAID, NIH). Q: Hiv is a retrovirus, which means it reverse transcribes its rna genome into what? A:
****
A:
dna