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Parmesan has a salty, strong taste that only gets stronger with age. Add it to pasta sauces, either on top of the dish or into the sauce as it cooks, to create a deeper flavor. Add parmesan rinds to soups, like minestrone, to achieve the same effect. Dried or cured anchovies add a salty, fishy flavor to food, and can be used in many dishes. Make anchovy butter, by combining anchovies and soft butter, to top toast or steaks. Add anchovy paste to pasta sauces to bring out the flavor of the tomatoes and create a more rounded flavor. Mushrooms have a lot of natural umami flavor, and it's even stronger when they're dried. Add mushrooms to pasta sauce. Chopped or sliced, cooked mushrooms work in white or red sauces. Use dried mushrooms in soups. Add porcini or shiitake mushrooms to soups or ramen to bring out the most flavor. Like mushrooms, tomatoes have natural umami flavor, as well as sweetness. Tomato paste is a thick, concentrated source of tomato flavor, and a little goes a long way. Add a bit of tomato paste in tomato soup, beef stews, pasta sauces, or even gravy. Kombu is a type of kelp, used often in Asian soups to make the base broth. Boil a few pieces of kombu, or other seaweeds, to add an earthy, fishy umami taste to soups and broths.
Add cheese to pasta dishes and soups. Use anchovies to add the umami taste to a variety of dishes. Use mushrooms. Put tomato paste in your soups and sauces. Add kombu to broths.