Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Example Input: Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) is, from the onset, characterized by various neurological deficits such as an alteration of sensation and a decrease in muscle strength. We investigated if afferent A-beta fibre-mediated reflexes are changed in lower extremities affected by acute RSD.', 'The involvement of these fibres was determined by analyzing reflex responses from the tibialis anterior (TA) and biceps femoris (BF) muscles after electrical stimulation of the sural nerve. The reflexes were studied during walking on a treadmill to investigate whether the abnormalities in gait of the patients were related either to abnormal amplitudes or deficient phase-dependent modulation of reflexes. In 5 patients with acute RSD of the leg and 5 healthy volunteers these reflex responses were determined during the early and late swing phase of the step cycle.', 'No significant difference was found between the RSD and the volunteers. During early swing the mean amplitude of the facilitatory P2 responses in BF and TA increased as a function of stimulus intensity (1.5, 2 and 2.5 times the perception threshold) in both groups. At end swing the same stimuli induced suppressive responses in TA. This phase-dependent reflex reversal from facilitation in early swing to suppression in late swing occurred equally in both groups.
Example Output: Are leg muscle reflexes mediated by cutaneous A-beta fibres normal during gait in reflex sympathetic dystrophy?

Example Input: The live oral rotavirus (RV) vaccines have shown a reduced efficacy in Africa. Recent in vitro studies have shown binding of the RV surface protein (VP4) to histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) in an RV genotype-dependent manner, suggesting them to be putative receptors for RV. The diversity of HBGA phenotypes in different ethnic populations, combined with prevalence/absence of specific RV genotypes, led us to hypothesize whether the genetic variations in HBGAs in a population limit susceptibility to certain RV genotypes, plausibly leading to reduced vaccine efficacy.', 'Association between HBGAs status and susceptibility to RV P genotypes was investigated in children in Burkina Faso and Nicaragua. In total, 242 children with diarrhea in Burkina Faso and Nicaragua were investigated, 93 of whom were RV positive.', 'In Burkina Faso, the P[8] RV strains (n = 27) infected only Lewis- and secretor-positive children (27/27; P < .0001), but no Lewis-negative children. In contrast, the P[6] strains (n = 27) infected predominantly Lewis-negative children (n = 18; P < .0001) but also Lewis-positive children, irrespective of their secretor status. The results from Nicaragua confirmed that all P[8]-infected children (n = 22) were secretor Lewis positive.
Example Output: Do both Lewis and secretor status mediate susceptibility to rotavirus infections in a rotavirus genotype-dependent manner?

Example Input: Cirrhotic livers have a deficient vasodilator response to nitric oxide (NO). The vasodilator effect of NO is normally limited by the degradation of its second messenger cyclic guanosine 3', 5' monophosphate by phosphodiesterases. We investigated (1) the phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) expression in normal and cirrhotic rat livers, (2) the location of the deficient response to NO in cirrhotic livers, and (3) the effect of the PDE-5 inhibitor Sildenafil citrate on this deficient response.", 'Normal and ascitic cirrhotic rats were subjected to liver perfusion with continuous measurement of both perfusion and sinusoidal (wedge hepatic) pressures. After incubation with N-monomethyl-l-arginine and pre-constriction with Methoxamine, concentration-response curves to the spontaneous NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine were obtained in the absence or presence of Sildenafil (10(-8)M).', 'PDE-5 expression (Western blot) in cirrhotic livers was higher than in normal livers (P=0.042). Compared to normal livers, cirrhotic livers showed a decreased response to S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine in the pre-sinusoidal area (P=0.003) but not in the sinusoidal/post-sinusoidal area (P=0.433). In the presence of Sildenafil, normal and cirrhotic livers showed similar pre-sinusoidal (P=0.419) and sinusoidal/post-sinusoidal (P=0.875) responses to S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine.
Example Output:
Is increased phosphodiesterase-5 expression involved in the decreased vasodilator response to nitric oxide in cirrhotic rat livers?