input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Silicon dioxide, silica, occurs in both crystalline and amorphous forms. The usual crystalline form of silicon dioxide is quartz, a hard, brittle, clear, colorless solid. It is useful in many waysfor architectural decorations, semiprecious jewels, and frequency control in radio transmitters. Silica takes many crystalline forms, or polymorphs, in nature. Trace amounts of Fe3+ in quartz give amethyst its characteristic purple color. The term quartz is also used for articles such as tubing and lenses that are manufactured from amorphous silica. Opal is a naturally occurring form of amorphous silica. The contrast in structure and physical properties between silicon dioxide and carbon dioxide is interesting, as illustrated in Figure 18.18. Solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) contains single CO2 molecules with each of the two oxygen atoms attached to the carbon atom by double bonds. Very weak intermolecular forces hold the molecules together in the crystal. The volatility of dry ice reflect these weak forces between molecules. In contrast, silicon dioxide is a covalent network solid. In silicon dioxide, each silicon atom links to four oxygen atoms by single bonds directed toward the corners of a regular tetrahedron, and SiO4 tetrahedra share oxygen atoms. This arrangement gives a three dimensional, continuous, silicon-oxygen network. A quartz crystal is a macromolecule of silicon dioxide. The difference between these two compounds is the ability of the group 14 elements to form strong bonds. Secondperiod elements, such as carbon, form very strong bonds, which is why carbon dioxide forms small molecules with strong double bonds. Elements below the second period, such as silicon, do not form bonds as readily as secondperiod elements, and when they do form, the bonds are weaker than those formed by second-period elements. For this reason, silicon dioxide does not contain bonds but only bonds. Q: Elements below the second period, such as silicon, do not form what as readily as second-period elements, and when they do form, they are weaker than those formed by second-period elements? A:
OPTIONS:
- covalent bonds
- magnetic bonds
- k. bonds
- n bonds
output: n bonds

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Each particular organism contains many protein molecules that are specific to that organism. The particular base sequence of DNA is responsible for the production of all of the different proteins that are present in each and every living thing that has ever inhabited the Earth. How does that work? Cells use the unique sequence of DNA bases to decide which proteins to synthesize. A gene is a segment of DNA that carries a code for making a specific polypeptide chain. The cell essentially decodes the DNA in order to make whatever peptides and proteins are needed by that organism. Q: What is a segment of dna that carries a code for making a specific polypeptide chain called? A:

OPTIONS:
- a protein
- nucleotide
- amino acid
- a gene

A: a gene

input: OPTIONS:
- nicotine
- caffeine
- adrenaline
- testosterone Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: CHAPTER REVIEW 27.1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System Gametes are the reproductive cells that combine to form offspring. Organs called gonads produce the gametes, along with the hormones that regulate human reproduction. The male gametes are called sperm. Spermatogenesis, the production of sperm, occurs within the seminiferous tubules that make up most of the testis. The scrotum is the muscular sac that holds the testes outside of the body cavity. Spermatogenesis begins with mitotic division of spermatogonia (stem cells) to produce primary spermatocytes that undergo the two divisions of meiosis to become secondary spermatocytes, then the haploid spermatids. During spermiogenesis, spermatids are transformed into spermatozoa (formed sperm). Upon release from the seminiferous tubules, sperm are moved to the epididymis where they continue to mature. During ejaculation, sperm exit the epididymis through the ductus deferens, a duct in the spermatic cord that leaves the scrotum. The ampulla of the ductus deferens meets the seminal vesicle, a gland that contributes fructose and proteins, at the ejaculatory duct. The fluid continues through the prostatic urethra, where secretions from the prostate are added to form semen. These secretions help the sperm to travel through the urethra and into the female reproductive tract. Secretions from the bulbourethral glands protect sperm and cleanse and lubricate the penile (spongy) urethra. The penis is the male organ of copulation. Columns of erectile tissue called the corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum fill with blood when sexual arousal activates vasodilatation in the blood vessels of the penis. Testosterone regulates and maintains the sex organs and sex drive, and induces the physical changes of puberty. Interplay between the testes and the endocrine system precisely control the production of testosterone with a negative feedback loop. Q: What is responsible for the physical changes of puberty? A:
A:
output: testosterone

Answer the following question given this paragraph: mid-ocean ridges : A long chain of mountains that rises up high above the deep seafloor. An example is the light blue gash in middle of Atlantic Ocean. Light blue is higher elevation than dark blue. Q: A long chain of mountains that rises up high above the deep seafloor is called? A:

OPTIONS:
- oceanic alps
- blue ridge mountains
- sea mounds
- mid-ocean ridges

Answer: mid-ocean ridges

Problem: OPTIONS:
- atoms
- rna
- molecules
- genes
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Chapter 13 1 Figure 13.3 No. The predicted frequency of recombinant offspring ranges from 0% (for linked traits) to 50% (for unlinked traits). 3 Figure 13.6 B. 4 A 6 C 8 B 10 C 12 D 14 The Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance proposed that genes reside on chromosomes. The understanding that chromosomes are linear arrays of genes explained linkage, and crossing over explained recombination. Q: The chromosomal theory of inheritance proposed that what reside on chromosomes? A:
Answer: genes

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Many elements have one or more isotopes that are radioactive. These isotopes are called radioisotopes. An example of a radioisotope is carbon-14. Q: What is an isotope that is radioactive called? A:

OPTIONS:
- isotopes
- matured isotope
- radionuclides
- radioisotopes

Answer:
radioisotopes