Facts: - known for: orogeny - caption: marcel alexandre bertrand - death date: february 13 , 1907 - field: geology - birth date: july 2 , 1847 - name: marcel alexandre bertrand - image size: 150px - nationality: france - image: marcel alexandre bertrand.jpg - alma mater: Ecole polytechnique Based on these bullet points, write a short biography describing the life of marcel alexandre bertrand .
marcel alexandre bertrand -lrb- july 2 , 1847 -- february 13 , 1907 -rrb- was a french geologist born in paris .he was the son of mathematician joseph louis francois bertrand -lrb- 1822 -- 1900 -rrb- , and son-in-law to physicist Eleuthere mascart -lrb- 1837-1908 -rrb- .he was a student at the Ecole polytechnique , and beginning in 1869 he attended the ecole des mines de paris .beginning in 1877 he performed geological mapping studies of provence , jura mountains and the alps .in 1886 he became an instructor at the Ecole nationale superieure des mines , and in 1896 was appointed a member of the academie des sciences .bertrand was a founder of modern tectonics .he is remembered for the orogenic '' wave theory '' of mountain-building and his introduction of the nappe hypothesis -lrb- '' nappe de charriage '' -rrb- .his wave theory described a build-up of massive folds of earth taking place over successive geological eras , called the caledonian , hercynian and alpine periods of orogeny .later he added a fourth event called the huronian orogeny , which took place in precambrian time .he was two-time winner of the '' prix vaillant '' -lrb- 1886 & 1890 -rrb- , awarded by the '' concours de geologie '' , and also winner of the '' prix fontannes '' -lrb- of the '' societe geologique de france '' -rrb- in 1888 and the '' prix petit d'ormoy '' in 1893 .