Summarize the following:
A cramping muscle can relax when stretched correctly. Stretching warm muscles regularly lengthens muscle fibers so they can contract and tighten more vigorously during exercise and you are less likely to experience cramping. A stretch should never feel painful. If you feel something sharp or stabbing, relax your stretch. For a calf cramp, stand with your feet set apart, placing the affected leg in front of the other. Lean your body weight towards the front leg, bending slightly at the knee. Keep the heels of both feet on the floor. Hold for 15 30 seconds. Another calf stretch is seated with both legs extended together in front of your body. Hold the feet in a relaxed position, and keep your back straight. Place hands on the floor on the outside of each leg. Gently slide forward, leaning toward your feet. When you reach the edge of the curve, hold this stretch for 30 seconds. Stretch your thighs one at a time. Standing, raise one foot towards your buttocks, bending at the knee. Hold your raised leg by the ankle or back of your foot. Pull as close as you can to your buttocks, stretching the thigh muscle, and hold for 30 seconds. You may want to hold the wall or a chair with your free hand for balance. Applying a heating pad or ice pack on a cramped muscle can help soothe pain. Apply cold or heat for about 20 minutes at a time. Never apply ice or a cold pack directly on your skin be sure to wrap it in a towel or other covering first. Be careful when using heating pads in bed. Falling asleep with a heating pad on can cause a fire. If you are using a hot shower for muscle cramps, direct the water flow towards the affected area. If you have a high-pressure water stream, this will provide additional massaging benefits. Keep in mind that ice works better for injuries. If you are in intense pain and your skin feels hot, use ice. Use heat for muscles that are sore due to chronic pain or stress. If your cramped muscle is in an area you can reach with your hands, such as your legs, try to massage it. Grasp your leg muscle tightly with both hands, and rub deeply and firmly to help it relax. Having a second person who can help massage areas you may not be able to reach will help. It's not necessary that the person be a trained specialist. Simply deep rubbing of your muscle often helps the muscle relax. A massage should not be painful. If your muscles are tightly bound by cramping, certain types of massage can cause injury. Never continue with a massage that is painful. A massage therapist works with deep tissue relaxation, and therapeutic treatment of muscle cramps. Seeing a professional massage therapist weekly or monthly should be considered for chronic cramps that don't respond to your own treatment. You can also try foam-rolling. Place the foam roller beneath the affected area. Roll over it, applying gentle pressure, for about five to 10 minutes. This can also work with a tennis ball. Over-the-counter medications including ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) or naproxen sodium (Aleve) can be effective at relieving pain caused by cramped muscles, though they don't actually treat the cramp itself. Check with your medical professional if you have health conditions that may be negatively affected by taking painkillers or consume more than three alcoholic beverages daily. Muscle relaxants such as cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril), orphenadrine (Norflex), and baclofen (Lioresal) can be helpful to relax cramping muscles. Speak with your doctor to learn if this is an option for you. If the above methods are not working, try home remedies. While these do not work for everyone, they might help you. Pour half a cup of Epsom salt into a warm bath. Let dissolve and then soak for about 20 minutes. Mix one part wintergreen oil with four parts vegetable oil. Massage into the cramped muscle before bed. Some studies indicate vitamin E supplements may help with overnight cramps. Keep in mind that you should talk to your doctor before adding any dietary supplements to your routine.

summary: Stretch. Apply heat or cold. Massage the cramped muscle. Try medication to help with the pain. Try home remedies.

Summarize the following:
As a general rule, the stock should be five years old or younger. It must also produce vigorous growth and show no signs of disease. The "stock" is the tree you're grafting onto. Most apple and pear trees can be grafted at any age, but the process is notably more difficult after the trees reach 10 years of age. For trees up to the age of five, you can graft all of the branches at once. For older trees, only graft the upper half and center of the tree the first year. The rest of the tree can be grafted the following year. Even though the scion and stock will be different trees, they should be as closely related as possible to encourage better success. Typically, varieties and cultivars of a single fruit species can be grafted together. Plants of the same genus and species are usually able to be grafted together even if the fruit is different, but your odds of success are significantly lower. Fruit trees that are in completely different families cannot be grafted together. The best time to graft is when the buds of the stock tree just begin to open. Do not graft after the stock has blossomed. In most regions, the ideal time to graft is in April or early May. Keep at least 1 to 2 feet (30.5 to 61 cm) of branch in between the trunk and the graft, especially when working with young trees. If you do not keep enough space in between the trunk and graft, the trunk can grow past the grafted union, and the connection between the branch and stock will not form correctly.

summary: Choose a young, healthy tree. Opt for a similar tree. Graft in the spring. Keep plenty of space between the trunk and the graft.

Summarize the following:
Contrary to popular belief, fabric and furniture protectant sprays that are made for suede or leather aren't always safe to use on velvet. Look for shoe or upholstery protectant sprays online or in general department stores. As you shop around, read the label to make sure that it's suitable for velvet. Look for a product that repels stains, waterproofs materials, or does both. Try products like Scotchgard or Vectra Furniture, Carpet and Fabric Protector Spray. Even if you find a product that you think won't damage your velvet shoes, it's best to try it out on a small, inconspicuous part of a shoe before spraying the whole thing. Spray just a little protectant onto the back of one of your shoes. Then, observe it to make sure that the spray doesn't have a negative effect on your shoes, such as darkening the color or hardening the material. If you spray the protectant too close to the velvet, you may cause damage to your shoes. Hold it at least 6 inches (15cm) away and then lightly mist the entire surface of each shoe. This may help to significantly minimize day-to-day staining and damage due to weather. Reapply the spray every 4-8 wears to get the best results. Set your misted shoes outside underneath a covering, such as a carport, for best results. This way, your shoes can dry thoroughly in the fresh air while being protected from the elements. Touch the velvet to make sure it's totally dry before putting them on and wearing them out and about.
summary: Select a product that's safe for velvet. Spot test a small area first. Hold the spray 6 inches (15cm) away from the shoes and spray them. Let the shoes air dry before you wear them.