input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The girl pictured above became negatively charged because electrons flowed from the van de Graaff generator to her. Whenever electrons are transferred between objects, neutral matter becomes charged. This occurs even with individual atoms. Atoms are neutral in electric charge because they have the same number of negative electrons as positive protons. However, if atoms lose or gain electrons, they become charged particles called ions. You can see how this happens in the Figure below . When an atom loses electrons, it becomes a positively charged ion, or cation. When an atom gains electrons, it becomes a negative charged ion, or anion. Q: Gain or loss of what causes an atom to become a negatively or positively charged ion? A:
OPTIONS:
- protons
- neutrons
- nucleus
- electrons
output: electrons

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Metals tend to be malleable. This means that they can be formed into thin sheets without breaking. An example is aluminum foil, also pictured in the Figure below . Q: What is an element that tend to be malleable? A:

OPTIONS:
- actinide
- mixture
- lanthanide
- metal

A: metal

input: OPTIONS:
- cartilage
- metallic joints
- ligaments
- fibrous joints Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: 9.2 Fibrous Joints Fibrous joints are where adjacent bones are strongly united by fibrous connective tissue. The gap filled by connective tissue may be narrow or wide. The three types of fibrous joints are sutures, gomphoses, and syndesmoses. A suture is the narrow fibrous joint that unites most bones of the skull. At a gomphosis, the root of a tooth is anchored across a narrow gap by periodontal ligaments to the walls of its socket in the bony jaw. A syndesmosis is the type of fibrous joint found between parallel bones. The gap between the bones may be wide and filled with a fibrous interosseous membrane, or it may narrow with ligaments spanning between the bones. Syndesmoses are found between the bones of the forearm (radius and ulna) and the leg (tibia and fibula). Fibrous joints strongly unite adjacent bones and thus serve to provide protection for internal organs, strength to body regions, or weight-bearing stability. Q: Sutures, gomphoses, and syndesmoses are types of what, which are found where adjacent bones are strongly united by connective tissue? A:
A:
output: fibrous joints

Answer the following question given this paragraph: The energy of electromagnetic waves depends on their frequency. Low-frequency waves have little energy and are normally harmless. High-frequency waves have a lot of energy and are potentially very harmful. Q: Which form of electromagnetic waves have more energy: low frequency wave or high frequency waves? A:

OPTIONS:
- neither
- low frequency waves
- the same
- high frequency waves

Answer: high frequency waves

Problem: OPTIONS:
- transformation
- creation
- demarcation
- regeneration
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The Calvin cycle reactions (Figure 5.15) can be organized into three basic stages: fixation, reduction, and regeneration. In the stroma, in addition to CO2, two other chemicals are present to initiate the Calvin cycle: an enzyme abbreviated RuBisCO, and the molecule ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP). RuBP has five atoms of carbon and a phosphate group on each end. RuBisCO catalyzes a reaction between CO2 and RuBP, which forms a six-carbon compound that is immediately converted into two three-carbon compounds. This process is called carbon fixation, because CO2 is "fixed" from its inorganic form into organic molecules. ATP and NADPH use their stored energy to convert the three-carbon compound, 3-PGA, into another three-carbon compound called G3P. This type of reaction is called a reduction reaction, because it involves the gain of electrons. A reduction is the gain of an electron by an atom or molecule. The molecules of ADP and NAD+, resulting from the reduction reaction, return to the light-dependent reactions to be re-energized. One of the G3P molecules leaves the Calvin cycle to contribute to the formation of the carbohydrate molecule, which is commonly glucose (C6H12O6). Because the carbohydrate molecule has six carbon atoms, it takes six turns of the Calvin cycle to make one carbohydrate molecule (one for each carbon dioxide molecule fixed). The remaining G3P molecules regenerate RuBP, which enables the system to prepare for the carbon-fixation step. ATP is also used in the regeneration of RuBP. Q: Calvin cycle reactions can be organized into three basic stages: fixation, reduction, and this? A:
Answer: regeneration

Answer the following question given this paragraph: 44.3 | Terrestrial Biomes By the end of this section, you will be able to: Identify the two major abiotic factors that determine terrestrial biomes Recognize distinguishing characteristics of each of the eight major terrestrial biomes The Earth's biomes are categorized into two major groups: terrestrial and aquatic. Terrestrial biomes are based on land, while aquatic biomes include both ocean and freshwater biomes. The eight major terrestrial biomes on Earth are each distinguished by characteristic temperatures and amount of precipitation. Comparing the annual totals of precipitation and fluctuations in precipitation from one biome to another provides clues as to the importance of abiotic factors in the distribution of biomes. Temperature variation on a daily and seasonal basis is also important for predicting the geographic distribution of the biome and the vegetation type in the biome. The distribution of these biomes shows that the same biome can occur in geographically distinct areas with similar climates (Figure 44.12). Q: The earth's biomes are categorized into two major groups named what? A:

OPTIONS:
- icelandic and aquatic
- aquatic and galactic
- terrestrial and galactic
- terrestrial and aquatic

Answer:
terrestrial and aquatic