instruction:
In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
question:
Context: To assess the effect of six different enteral diets on the gut barrier.', 'Laboratory study.', 'University hospital, Germany.', '70 Specific pathogen free female Crl:CDR BR rats.', 'For 7 days, 6 groups of rats were fed orally with standard chow (n = 15); total parenteral nutrition solution (oral TPN, n = 15); elemental diet (ED, n = 10); nutrient-defined diet (NDD, n = 10); or the NDD supplemented with uracil (NDD+uracil, n = 10), or fibre (NDD+fibre, n = 10).', 'Bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes, numbers of Gram negative enterobacteria and total aerobic bacteria in the caecum, and intestinal concentrations of secretory IgA.', 'The incidence of bacterial translocation was significantly increased in the groups given oral TPN, ED, NDD, and NDD+uracil compared with the group given chow. Only NDD+fibre resulted in a similar degree of translocation to that in the chow group. All groups in which there was increased translocation had a highly significant overgrowth of aerobic bacteria in the caecum, mainly by Gram negative enteric organisms. The secretory IgA concentration was reduced in the group that had been given oral TPN, and that in the ED and NDD+uracil groups was similar to that in the chow group. NDD and NDD+fibre were associated with higher intestinal concentrations of secretory IgA than chow.\Question: Is fibre an essential ingredient of enteral diets to limit bacterial translocation in rats?
answer:
Fibre-free enteral diets do not protect the gut antimicrobial barrier whatever else is in them. The superiority of early enteral as opposed to parenteral nutrition after injury may, therefore, not be the result of a specific protective effect on the gut barrier. The supplementation of commercial enteral diets with bulk fibre should be tested in clinical trials.

question:
Context: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy of uncertain etiology but with strong evidence for a genetic contribution.', 'The objective of the study was to test the hypothesis that the typical polycystic ovarian morphology is a marker of inherited biochemical features in families of women with PCOS.', 'A study of probands with PCOS and their sisters.', 'Patients included 125 probands and 214 sisters. All probands had PCOS, defined by symptoms of anovulation and/or hyperandrogenism with polycystic ovaries on ultrasound. Affected sisters were defined by polycystic ovaries, regardless of symptoms, and unaffected sisters defined by normal ovarian morphology.', 'This was a clinic-based study.', 'Clinical, endocrine, and metabolic features in the various groups were compared, and estimates of broad-sense heritability were obtained using the quantitative transmission disequilibrium test.', 'Although affected sisters had fewer symptoms than probands (30% had no symptoms of PCOS), serum testosterone, androstenedione, LH, and fasting insulin and insulin sensitivity were similar in the two groups with polycystic ovaries but significantly different from those in unaffected sisters or controls. We observed moderate to high heritabilities for all traits studied in affected sister pairs, whereas heritabilities calculated from discordant siblings were substantially lower.\Question: Is ovarian morphology a marker of heritable biochemical traits in sisters with polycystic ovaries?
answer:
These data provide further evidence for a genetic basis of PCOS. The high heritability of biochemical features in probands and affected sisters, despite wide variation in symptoms, shows that not only are these biochemical traits strongly influenced by genetic factors but also, importantly, that polycystic ovarian morphology is an index of inherited traits in families with PCOS.

question:
Context: During real-time monitoring of the ultrafiltration coefficient (Kuf) in haemodiafiltration (HDF), it was noticed that the ultrafiltration performance of polysulphone membrane dialysers increased when hypertonic glucose (D50%) was administered through the venous blood return.', 'This observation was explored in six non-diabetic chronic dialysis patients during 48 HDF sessions using 1.8 m(2) polysulphone membrane dialysers. In all six patients, 24 sessions were performed with glucose supplementation (as a continuous D50% (500 g/l) infusion at 40 ml/h) and 24 sessions without supplementation.', 'Glucose supplementation led to a marked increase in Kuf from 22.8+/-2.2 (without D50%, n=24) to 32. 1+/-3.9 ml/h/mmHg (with D50%, n=24) (P<0.0001). An increase in percentage reduction ratios for urea and creatinine were also consistently observed during the sessions with glucose administration (from respective mean values of 75+/-5 and 68+/-4% to 79+/-4 and 74+/-10%). Mean double-pool Kt/V, calculated from serum urea concentrations, rose from 1.65+/-0.24 (n=24) to 1.86+/-0.24 (n=24) (P<0.005). Similar results were observed in a subgroup of 18 HDF sessions (nine with glucose and nine without) monitored with an on-line urea sensor of spent dialysate. No detrimental effects were induced at any time.\Question: Does intradialytic glucose infusion increase polysulphone membrane permeability and post-dilutional haemodiafiltration performances?
answer:
We conclude that intravenous glucose administration during high-flux HDF using polysulphone membranes increases significantly both ultrafiltration capacity and dialysis dose delivery.