Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Many marine invertebrates have internal salt levels matched to their environments, making them isotonic with the water in which they live. Fish, however, must spend approximately five percent of their metabolic energy maintaining osmotic homeostasis. Freshwater fish live in an environment that is hypotonic to their cells. These fish actively take in salt through their gills and excrete diluted urine to rid themselves of excess water. Saltwater fish live in the reverse environment, which is hypertonic to their cells, and they secrete salt through their gills and excrete highly concentrated urine. In vertebrates, the kidneys regulate the amount of water in the body. Osmoreceptors are specialized cells in the brain that monitor the concentration of solutes in the blood. If the levels of solutes increase beyond a certain range, a hormone is released that retards water loss through the kidney and dilutes the blood to safer levels. Animals also have high concentrations of albumin, which is produced by the liver, in their blood. This protein is too large to pass easily through plasma membranes and is a major factor in controlling the osmotic pressures applied to tissues. Q: What are specialized cells in the brain that monitor the concentration of solutes in the blood called? A:
OPTIONS:
- staurikosaurus
- sporozoans
- ionconcentrate
- osmoreceptors
Answer: osmoreceptors

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: An element is the simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties. Q: What is the simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties? A:
OPTIONS:
- atom
- molecule
- quark
- element
output: element

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Carnivores consume animals. Examples include lions, polar bears, hawks, frogs, salmon, and spiders. Carnivores that are unable to digest plants and must eat only animals are called obligate carnivores. Other carnivores can digest plants but do not commonly eat them. Q: What do carnivores eat? A:

OPTIONS:
- ice
- plants
- algae
- animals

A: animals

input: OPTIONS:
- lungs
- reproductive organs
- skin cells
- muscle cells Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: In humans, the first sites used for energy storage are liver and what else? A:
A:
output: muscle cells

Answer the following question given this paragraph: The genetic code is the same in all living things. This shows that all organisms are related by descent from a common ancestor. Q: What code is the same in all living things and shows that all organisms are related by descent from a common ancestor? A:

OPTIONS:
- descendant
- biochemical
- intrinsic
- genetic

Answer: genetic

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: 23.6 Back Emf It has been noted that motors and generators are very similar. Generators convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, whereas motors convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. Furthermore, motors and generators have the same construction. When the coil of a motor is turned, magnetic flux changes, and an emf (consistent with Faraday's law of induction) is induced. The motor thus acts as a generator whenever its coil rotates. This will happen whether the shaft is turned by an external input, like a belt drive, or by the action of the motor itself. That is, when a motor is doing work and its shaft is turning, an emf is generated. Lenz's law tells us the emf opposes any change, so that the input emf that powers the motor will be opposed by the motor's self-generated emf, called the back emf of the motor. (See Figure 23.25. Q: The motor thus acts as a generator whenever its coil does what? A:

OPTIONS:
- stops
- revolves
- oscillates
- rotates

A:
rotates