In one sentence, describe what the following article is about: When two atoms are bonded together, the difference between their electronegativities can tell you about the qualities of their bond. Subtract the smaller electronegativity from the larger one to find the difference. For example, if we're looking at the molecule HF, we would subtract the electronegativity of hydrogen (2.1) from fluorine (4.0). 4.0 - 2.1 = 1.9 Here, the electrons are shared almost equally. These bonds don't form molecules that have large charge differences on either end. Nonpolar bonds tend to be very difficult to break. This is because the atoms are sharing electrons, making their bond stable. It requires a lot of energy to break this bond. For example, the molecule O2 has this type of bond. Since the two oxygen's have the same electronegativity, the difference between them is 0. These bonds have more of the electrons at one end than the other. This makes the molecule a little more negative at the end with the electrons and a little more positive at the end without them. The charge imbalance in these bonds can allow the molecule to participate in certain special reactions, such as joining with another atom or molecule or pulling a molecule apart. This is because it's still reactive. A good example of this is the molecule H2O (water). The O is more electronegative than the two Hs, so it holds the electrons more tightly and makes the entire molecule partially negative at the O end and partially positive at the H ends. In these bonds, the electrons are completely at one end of the bond. The more electronegative atom gains a negative charge and the less electronegative atom gains a positive charge. These sorts of bonds allow their atoms to react well with other atoms and even be pulled apart by polar molecules. An example of this is NaCl (sodium chloride or salt). The chlorine is so electronegative that it pulls both electrons in the bond all the way towards itself, leaving sodium with a positive charge. NaCl can be broken apart by a polar molecule, such as H2O (water). In a water molecule, the hydrogen side of the molecule is positive, while the oxygen side is negative. When you mix the salt into the water, the water molecules break down the salt molecules, dissolving the salt. If there is a metal in the bond, the bond is ionic. If there are only non-metals, the bond is polar covalent. Metals include most of the atoms on the left side and the middle of the periodic table. This page has a table that shows which elements are metals. Our HF example from above falls in this range. Since H and F aren't metals, they have a polar covalent bond.
Summary: Find the electronegativity difference between the two atoms. If the difference is below about 0.5, the bond is nonpolar covalent. If the difference is between 0.5-1.6, the bond is polar covalent. If the difference is over 2.0, the bond is ionic. If the difference is between 1.6-2.0, check for a metal.

In one sentence, describe what the following article is about: The citation goes right after what you're citing, which could be before a comma or before the end period. You should cite anything that you paraphrase or quote. You'll start with an open parenthesis. Your citation will start out like this one: Bookshelves are the best for holding books ( On the other hand, you might write: In a study of this psychological trait ( In the second example, you're citing the study, so the citation comes directly after it. The author's last name goes directly after the open parenthesis with no space in between. However, you do put a space after the author's last name. Your citation might look like this one now: Bookshelves are the best for holding books (Brooks The year of publication should be on the front or back of the title page. Just include the year, not a month or day. Your citation will look like this now: Bookshelves are the best for holding books (Brooks 2014 Add the page number when you quote or you refer to a passage from the text directly. Otherwise, it's not required, but it may still be helpful for the reader. Put a colon right after the year, then write in the page number with no spaces. For example, your citation might look this way: Bookshelves are the best for holding books (Brooks 2014:27 Whether you end the citation right after the year or after the page number, put a close parenthesis to show you're finished with the citation. Place the sentence punctuation after the close parenthesis. Your completed citation will look like this: Bookshelves are the best for holding books (Brooks 2014). It may look like this instead: Bookshelves are the best for holding books (Brooks 2014:27). If you introduce the idea using the author's last name, you don't need to repeat it in the citation. Just use the date or the date and the page number in parentheses directly after the author's name rather than at the end of the information. An example of this citation would look like this: As Brooks (2014) noted, bookshelves are best for holding books.
Summary: Put an open parenthesis before the punctuation in the sentence. Add the author's last name. Put the year of publication after the space. Use a colon to add a page number as needed. End the citation with a close parenthesis. Skip the author's name in the citation if you use it in the sentence.

In one sentence, describe what the following article is about: The best way to store your Scoby is to make a new batch! Boil about 3.5 quarts (3.31 L) of water in a medium pot, add in around 8 black or green tea bags. Once the water boils, remove the pot from the heat source so it can cool. You can place your pot over ice to speed up the cooling process. If using loose-leaf tea, use about 2 tablespoons (29.57 g). Avoid using decaffeinated tea! As soon as you remove your tea from the stovetop, you can pour in your sugar. Mix it into your tea with a spoon until the sugar completely dissolves. Let your tea steep until the water has cooled, which make take 1-3 hours. Then, pour it into a large, clean glass jar. This is where you will house your Scoby as your kombucha brews. Wash your jar with soap and water before you pour in your tea. A 0.5USgal (1.9L) glass jar works great! Once your jar is filled with tea mixture, put your Scoby into your jar using your hands. It will likely settle at the bottom. Then, place a tightly-woven cloth on top of your opening, and screw on the lid tightly. Kombucha ferments the best at room temperature in a dark environment. You also want to keep it away from any potential damages, so situate your jar on a flat, stationary surface where it will not be bumped. You can place your jar in a cabinet, for example. Your Scoby will safely ferment at room temperature for 30 days, so you can let it brew without worrying.
Summary:
Start a batch of kombucha to store your Scoby for less than 4 weeks. Add in 1 cup (200 g) of cane sugar and dissolve it into your tea. Pour your tea into a glass jar after it cools and cover it with a cloth. Put your Scoby inside the jar and secure the lid. Store your glass jar in a warm, dark spot.