input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Phylogenetic Trees Scientists use a tool called a phylogenetic tree to show the evolutionary pathways and connections among organisms. A phylogenetic tree is a diagram used to reflect evolutionary relationships among organisms or groups of organisms. Scientists consider phylogenetic trees to be a hypothesis of the evolutionary past since one cannot go back to confirm the proposed relationships. In other words, a "tree of life" can be constructed to illustrate when different organisms evolved and to show the relationships among different organisms (Figure 20.2). Unlike a taxonomic classification diagram, a phylogenetic tree can be read like a map of evolutionary history. Many phylogenetic trees have a single lineage at the base representing a common ancestor. Scientists call such trees rooted, which means there is a single ancestral lineage (typically drawn from the bottom or left) to which all organisms represented in the diagram relate. Notice in the rooted phylogenetic tree that the three domains Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryadiverge from a single point and branch off. The small branch that plants and animals (including humans) occupy in this diagram shows how recent and miniscule these groups are compared with other organisms. Unrooted trees don't show a common ancestor but do show relationships among species. Q: What tool do scientist's use to show the evolutionary pathways and connections among organisms? A:
OPTIONS:
- conceptual tree
- superficial tree
- photogenetic tree
- phylogenetic tree
output: phylogenetic tree

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Such knowledge of the natural world is only part of what science is. Science is as much about doing as knowing. Science is a way of learning about the natural world that depends on evidence, reasoning, and repeated testing. Scientists explain the world based on their observations. If they develop new ideas about the way the world works, they set up ways to test these new ideas. Scientific knowledge keeps changing because scientists are always "doing science. ". Q: Scientists explain the world based on what? A:
OPTIONS:
- changes
- patterns
- theories
- observations
output: observations

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: A pedigree is a chart which shows the inheritance of a trait over several generations. A pedigree is commonly created for families, as it can be used to outlines the inheritance patterns of familial traits or genetic disorders. It can be used to demonstrate autosomal dominant or recessive inheritance, or sex-linked inheritance. Figure below shows a pedigree depicting recessive inheritance of a disorder through three generations. The trait is thought to be recessive as for the two individuals with the trait, neither has a parent who also has the trait. Geneticists may also be able to determine whether individuals with the trait in question are heterozygous or homozygous for the allele associated with the trait. When alleles are added to the pedigree shown ( A or a ), recessive inheritance in conformed. Q: A pedigree is a chart which shows the inheritance of a trait over several what? A:
OPTIONS:
- centuries
- events
- organisms
- generations
output: generations

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The thyroid gland is regulated by a negative feedback loop. The loop includes the hypothalamus and pituitary gland in addition to the thyroid. Q: What regulates the thyroid gland in a body? A:
OPTIONS:
- positive feedback loop
- upper feedback loop
- normal feedback loop
- negative feedback loop
output:
negative feedback loop