Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: When light rays converge behind a lens, a real image is formed. Real images are useful in that you can place photographic film at the physical location of the real image, expose the film to the light, and make a two-dimensional representation of the world, a photograph. Q: What can be formed by converging light rays behind a lens, onto a piece of film? A:
OPTIONS:
- a prism
- a kaleidoscope
- a mirror
- a photograph
Answer: a photograph

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: 17.2 Hormones Hormones are derived from amino acids or lipids. Amine hormones originate from the amino acids tryptophan or tyrosine. Larger amino acid hormones include peptides and protein hormones. Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol. Steroid hormones and thyroid hormone are lipid soluble. All other amino acidderived hormones are water soluble. Hydrophobic hormones are able to diffuse through the membrane and interact with an intracellular receptor. In contrast, hydrophilic hormones must interact with cell membrane receptors. These are typically associated with a G protein, which becomes activated when the hormone binds the receptor. This initiates a signaling cascade that involves a second messenger, such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Second messenger systems greatly amplify the hormone signal, creating a broader, more efficient, and faster response. Hormones are released upon stimulation that is of either chemical or neural origin. Regulation of hormone release is primarily achieved through negative feedback. Various stimuli may cause the release of hormones, but there are three major types. Humoral stimuli are changes in ion or nutrient levels in the blood. Hormonal stimuli are changes in hormone levels that initiate or inhibit the secretion of another hormone. Finally, a neural stimulus occurs when a nerve impulse prompts the secretion or inhibition of a hormone. Q: What kind of hormones are derived from cholesterol? A:
OPTIONS:
- germs
- Antibiotic
- synthesis
- steroid
output: steroid

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Single-displacement reactions are a subset of redox reactions. In this subset, what is oxidized and what is reduced? Give an example of a redox reaction that is not a single-displacement reaction. Q: Single-displacement reactions are a subset of what? A:

OPTIONS:
- gravitational reactions
- kinetic reactions
- particle reactions
- redox reactions

A: redox reactions

input: OPTIONS:
- carbohydrates
- lipids
- hormones
- enzymes Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Ingestive protists ingest, or engulf, bacteria and other small particles. They extend their cell wall and cell membrane around the food item, forming a food vacuole. Then enzymes digest the food in the vacuole. Q: What substances digest the food in the vacuole of an ingestive protist? A:
A:
output: enzymes

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Steam rises from the cooling towers of this nuclear power plant. The steam is only harmless water vapor. Unlike a power plant that burns fossil fuel, a nuclear power plant doesn't release pollution into the air. That's because a nuclear power plant produces power by nuclear fission, a type of nuclear reaction. Q: What is harmless water vapor, for a powerplant? A:

OPTIONS:
- wind
- plasma
- fog
- steam

Answer: steam

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Saliva Saliva is essentially (95.5 percent) water. The remaining 4.5 percent is a complex mixture of ions, glycoproteins, enzymes, growth factors, and waste products. Perhaps the most important ingredient in salvia from the perspective of digestion is the enzyme salivary amylase, which initiates the breakdown of carbohydrates. Food does not spend enough time in the mouth to allow all the carbohydrates to break down, but salivary amylase continues acting until it is inactivated by stomach acids. Bicarbonate and phosphate ions function as chemical buffers, maintaining saliva at a pH between 6.35 and 6.85. Salivary mucus helps lubricate food, facilitating movement in the mouth, bolus formation, and swallowing. Saliva contains immunoglobulin A, which prevents microbes from penetrating the epithelium, and lysozyme, which makes saliva antimicrobial. Saliva also contains epidermal growth factor, which might have given rise to the adage "a mother's kiss can heal a wound. " Each of the major salivary glands secretes a unique formulation of saliva according to its cellular makeup. For example, the parotid glands secrete a watery solution that contains salivary amylase. The submandibular glands have cells similar to those of the parotid glands, as well as mucus-secreting cells. Therefore, saliva secreted by the submandibular glands also contains amylase but in a liquid thickened with mucus. The sublingual glands contain mostly mucous cells, and they secrete the thickest saliva with the least amount of salivary amylase. Q: Arguably the most important ingredient in saliva for digestion is a type of what, which initiates the breakdown of carbohydrates? A:

OPTIONS:
- amino
- genes
- fatty
- enzyme

A:
enzyme