In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

[Q]: Context: To study the pulmonary effects of aspirating a mixture of sucralfate in water and sucralfate in hydrochloric acid in an animal model of aspiration pneumonia.', 'Prospective, randomized, controlled study with repeated measures.', 'University research laboratory.', 'Thirty-two in situ, isolated, blood perfused porcine lung preparations.', 'Five control preparations received no aspiration. Twenty-seven preparations received a standard aspiration of 1.5 mL/kg body of a) distilled water (n = 5), b) sucralfate in distilled water (n = 8), c) 1/10 normal hydrochloric acid (n = 6), and d) mixture of sucralfate in distilled water and hydrochloric acid (n = 8).', 'The pH measurements were made of all aspirates. Lung weight, airway pressures, and pulmonary artery pressures were continuously monitored before and for 4 hrs after aspiration. Lung wet/dry weight ratio was measured at the completion of the study.', 'The pH of sucralfate mixed with distilled water was 4.9, pH of 1/10 normal hydrochloric acid was 1.0, and pH of equal volumes of a sucralfate-water suspension mixed with hydrochloric acid was 1.5. Airway pressures and pulmonary arterial pressures increased in all aspirate groups over time compared with those values of control lungs. Control lungs gained 18 +/- 3 (SEM) g over 4 hrs and the wet/dry ratio was 4.951 +/- 0.310. Lungs aspirating distilled water gained 147 +/- 49 g and the wet/dry ratio was 5.198 +/- 0.120. Lungs aspirating sucralfate and distilled water increased their weight by 109 +/- 30 g and the wet/dry ratio was 5.380 +/- 0.076. Lungs aspirating a suspension of sucralfate and water and hydrochloric acid were similar to lungs aspirating hydrochloric acid alone with weight increases of 265 +/- 30 g and 346 +/- 81 g, and the wet/dry ratio of 7.011 +/- 0.273 and 7.230 +/- 0.390, respectively.\Question: Does sucralfate reduce the risk of acid aspiration pneumonitis?
[A]: Sucralfate has minimal acid buffering effect. Aspiration of sucralfate mixed with distilled water causes lung edema similar to aspiration of water alone. Aspiration of a sucralfate-water suspension mixed with hydrochloric acid causes severe lung edema. These results suggest that patients given sucralfate prophylaxis for stress ulceration are at risk for acid aspiration.

[Q]: Context: Although right-sided diverticulitis is perceived to have a higher incidence among Asians and infrequently requires surgical management in comparison with sigmoid diverticulitis, it is unknown whether differences in outcomes are due to ethnic disparity or disease pathophysiology.', 'The aim of this study was to determine the surgical outcomes for Asian and non-Asian patients with diverticulitis who underwent colectomy.', 'Patients identifiable by ethnicity in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample with diverticulitis and colectomy between 2004 and 2010 were included. Univariate comparisons were made between Asian and non-Asian patients by using t tests for continuous variables and tests for categorical variables. Propensity score matching analysis was performed to compare Asian patients with otherwise similar non-Asian patients.', 'Included were 58,142 non-Asian and 335 Asian patients with diverticulitis who underwent a colectomy.', 'The primary outcomes were in-hospital mortality, hospital length of stay, and total costs.', 'Asian patients were younger (56.1 vs. 59.2 years, p < 0.0001), were more likely to undergo a right colectomy (22.7% vs. 4.1%, p < 0.0001), and were more likely to have emergent/urgent surgery than the non-Asian patients (67.1% vs. 49.8%, p < 0.0001). Without controlling for patient/disease factors, there were statistically significant differences in mortality (non-Asian 2.2% vs. Asian 4.2%; p = 0.014), length of stay (non-Asian 8.9 vs. Asian 9.8 days; p = 0.0166), and costs (non-Asian $18,783 vs. Asian $21,901; p = 0.001). Propensity score matching comparing 333 non-Asian patients with 333 similar Asian patients showed that, whereas differences in cost and length of stay became insignificant, the difference in mortality remained statistically significant.\Question: Is higher Mortality in Surgically Managed Diverticulitis Associated with Asian Ethnicity and Right-Sided Disease?
[A]: The ethnicity variable was not uniformly collected by all states within the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database.

[Q]: Context: To assess the efficacy of a fixed, low dose of warfarin in lowering factor VII coagulant activity (FVII:C) and to investigate the effects on the plasma coagulation cascade.', 'An open pilot study with two dose levels of warfarin: 1.25 and 2.5 mg day-1 during two consecutive 4-week periods. All subjects received aspirin 75 mg day-1. Prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (F(1 + 2)), protein C, protein S, FVII:C, factor X and P-prothrombin complex activity (P-PT) were measured at baseline, at 2-week intervals and 4 weeks after end of treatment. Coagulation activation peptide F(1 + 2) was used as a marker of thrombin formation.', 'Twelve male patients with a history of myocardial infarction. Inclusion was made through a written questionnaire.', 'Warfarin 1.25 mg day-1 lowered FVII:C from 113 U dl-1 to 107 U dl-1 (P = 0.025) and F(1 + 2) from 1.60 nmol l-1 to 1.27 nmol l-1 (P = 0.013) but had no effect on protein C or P-PT. A dose of 2.5 mg day-1 induced further lowering of FVII:C (91 U dl-1, P = 0.0042), and also of protein C from 116% to 99% (P = 0.034) and P-PT from 107% to 81% (P = 0.0096) mean values.\Question: Does low-dose warfarin decrease coagulability without affecting prothrombin complex activity?
[A]:
Warfarin 1.25 mg day-1 seems to exert an anticoagulant effect without reduction in PT or the natural anticoagulant protein C and is suggested, in combination with aspirin, to be a safe and simple therapy against arterial thrombotic disease, making regular PT controls unnecessary.