Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Ex Input:
Endothelial junctions control functions such as permeability, angiogenesis and contact inhibition. VE-Cadherin (VECad) is essential for the maintenance of intercellular contacts. In confluent endothelial monolayers, N-Cadherin (NCad) is mostly expressed on the apical and basal membrane, but in the absence of VECad it localizes at junctions. Both cadherins are required for vascular development. The intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-2, also localized at endothelial junctions, is involved in leukocyte recruitment and angiogenesis.', 'In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), both VECad and NCad were found at nascent cell contacts of sub-confluent monolayers, but only VECad localized at the mature junctions of confluent monolayers. Inhibition of ICAM-2 expression by siRNA caused the appearance of small gaps at the junctions and a decrease in NCad junctional staining in sub-confluent monolayers. Endothelioma lines derived from WT or ICAM-2-deficient mice (IC2neg) lacked VECad and failed to form junctions, with loss of contact inhibition. Re-expression of full-length ICAM-2 (IC2 FL) in IC2neg cells restored contact inhibition through recruitment of NCad at the junctions. Mutant ICAM-2 lacking the binding site for ERM proteins (IC2 ERM) or the cytoplasmic tail (IC2 TAIL) failed to restore junctions. ICAM-2-dependent Rac-1 activation was also decreased in these mutant cell lines. Barrier function, measured in vitro via transendothelial electrical resistance, was decreased in IC2neg cells, both in resting conditions and after thrombin stimulation. This was dependent on ICAM-2 signalling to the small GTPase Rac-1, since transendothelial electrical resistance of IC2neg cells was restored by constitutively active Rac-1. In vivo, thrombin-induced extravasation of FITC-labeled albumin measured by intravital fluorescence microscopy in the mouse cremaster muscle showed that permeability was increased in ICAM-2-deficient mice compared to controls.

Ex Output:
0

Ex Input:
To become a parent is an emotionally life-changing experience. Paternal depression during the postnatal period has been associated with emotional and behavioral problems in children. The condition has predominantly been related to mothers, and the recognition of paternal postnatal depression (PND) has been paid less attention to. PND in fathers may be difficult to detect. However, nurses in pediatric services meet a lot of fathers and are in a position to detect a father who is suffering from PND. Therefore, the aim of this study was (a) to explore Child Health Center nurses' experiences of observing depression in fathers during the postnatal period; and (b) to explore hindrances of observing these fathers.", 'A qualitative descriptive study was conducted. Ten nurses were interviewed in 2014. A thematic data analysis was performed and data were analyzed for meaning.', 'Paternal PND was experienced as being vague and difficult to detect. Experiences of fathers with such problems were limited, and it was hard to grasp the health status of the fathers, something which was further complicated when routines were lacking or when gender attitudes influenced the daily work of the nurses.

Ex Output:
0

Ex Input:
In clinical practice, an adapted regimen with dose reduction is applied to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) treated with docetaxel because of its toxicity. However, there are few reports on the impact of dose reduction on survival.', 'Fifty-seven patients with CRPC treated with first-line docetaxel in a single institution from 2005 to 2008 were evaluated retrospectively.', 'The median follow-up period was 20.5 months. Twenty-eight patients (49 %) received a standard 60 mg/m(2) regimen (SR), and 29 patients (51 %) received an adapted regimen (AR) with dose reduction. There was no difference in their baseline characteristics. The prostate-specific antigen response rates were not significantly different between the SR and AR groups (50 vs. 62 %, p = 0.36). Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were also not significantly different between the groups (PFS 5.3 vs. 7.3 months, p = 0.39; OS 26.4 vs. 27.1 months, p = 0.53, respectively). No significant difference in the incidence of grade 3 or 4 adverse events was noted between the groups (89 vs. 83 %, p = 0.70). In multivariate analysis, hemoglobin and alkaline phosphatase were significant predictive factors for OS (hazard ratios 2.81 and 2.39, p = 0.012 and 0.024, respectively).

Ex Output:
0