Question: Suraya picked 12 apples more than Caleb, and Caleb picked 5 apples less than Kayla. If Kayla picked 20 apples, how many more apples did Suraya pick than Kayla?
Answer: Caleb picked 20 - 5 = 15 apples. Suraya picked 12 + 15 = 27 apples. Suraya picked 27 - 20 = 7 apples more than Kayla. The answer is 7.

Question: There are 18 green leaves on each of the 3 tea leaf plants. One-third of them turn yellow and fall off on each of the tea leaf plants. How many green leaves are left on the tea leaf plants?
Answer: In total, the 3 tea leaf plants have 18 x 3 = 54 green leaves. One - third of the yellow leaves falling off of all plants is 54 / 3 = 18. The number of remaining green leaves on the plants is 54 - 18 = 36. The answer is 36.

Question: In his company, Kenzo has 80 office chairs with five legs each and 20 round tables with three legs each. If after a month 40% of the chairs are damaged and have to be disposed of, calculate the total number of legs of furniture Kenzo has remaining in his company.
Answer: The number of chairs that are disposed of after they're found to be damaged is 40 / 100 * 80 = 32. The number of chairs in good condition in Kenzo's company is 80 - 32 = 48. The 48 chairs have 48 * 5 = 240 legs. The round tables also have 20 * 3 = 60 legs. In total, the furniture in Kenzo's company has 60 + 240 = 300 legs. The answer is 300.

Question: The number of math problems that Marvin practiced today is three times as many as the number of problems he solved yesterday. His friend, Arvin, has practiced twice as many math problems on each day. How many math problems have they practiced altogether if Marvin solved 40 math problems yesterday?
Answer:
If Marvin solved 40 math problems yesterday, he has solved 40 * 3 = 120 math problems today. The total number of math problems that Marvin has practiced is 120 + 40 = 160. Arvin has practiced twice as many as Marvin, so has practiced 160 * 2 = 320 problems. Together, Marvin and Arvin have solved 320 + 160 = 480 math problems. The answer is 480.