Input: Rule of law
The "formal" interpretation is more widespread than the "substantive" interpretation. Formalists hold that the law must be prospective, well-known, and have characteristics of generality, equality, and certainty. Other than that, the formal view contains no requirements as to the content of the law. This formal approach allows laws that protect democracy and individual rights, but recognizes the existence of "rule of law" in countries that do not necessarily have such laws protecting democracy or individual rights.

According to the formalist approach, what else, besides democracy, can laws protect?
Output: individual rights

Input: Beyonce
Beyonce has been described as a having a wide-ranging sex appeal, with music journalist Toure writing that since the release of Dangerously in Love, she has "become a crossover sex symbol". Offstage Beyonce says that while she likes to dress sexily, her onstage dress "is absolutely for the stage." Due to her curves and the term's catchiness, in the 2000s, the media often used the term "Bootylicious" (a portmanteau of the words booty and delicious) to describe Beyonce, the term popularized by Destiny's Child's single of the same name. In 2006, it was added to the Oxford English Dictionary.

In what year was the slang term from a title of a Destiny's Child song that is also used to describe Beyonce put in the dictionary?
Output: 2006

Input: Late Middle Ages
This new approach liberated scientific speculation from the dogmatic restraints of Aristotelian science, and paved the way for new approaches. Particularly within the field of theories of motion great advances were made, when such scholars as Jean Buridan, Nicole Oresme and the Oxford Calculators challenged the work of Aristotle. Buridan developed the theory of impetus as the cause of the motion of projectiles, which was an important step towards the modern concept of inertia. The works of these scholars anticipated the heliocentric worldview of Nicolaus Copernicus.

What scientist is most associated with the heliocentric worldview?
Output: Nicolaus Copernicus

Input: God
In the English language, the capitalized form of God continues to represent a distinction between monotheistic "God" and "gods" in polytheism. The English word God and its counterparts in other languages are normally used for any and all conceptions and, in spite of significant differences between religions, the term remains an English translation common to all. The same holds for Hebrew El, but in Judaism, God is also given a proper name, the tetragrammaton YHWH, in origin possibly the name of an Edomite or Midianite deity, Yahweh. In many translations of the Bible, when the word LORD is in all capitals, it signifies that the word represents the tetragrammaton.

What does it mean to read the word LORD in all capitals in the Bible?
Output:
signifies that the word represents the tetragrammaton