Q: The Los Angeles Times is a daily newspaper which has been published in Los Angeles, California, since 1881.

The "Times" was first published on December 4, 1881, as the "Los Angeles Daily Times" under the direction of Nathan Cole Jr. and Thomas Gardiner. It was first printed at the Mirror printing plant, owned by Jesse Yarnell and T.J. Caystile. Unable to pay the printing bill, Cole and Gardiner turned the paper over to the Mirror Company. In the meantime, S. J. Mathes had joined the firm, and it was at his insistence that the "Times" continued publication. In July 1882, Harrison Gray Otis moved from Santa Barbara to become the paper's editor. Otis made the "Times" a financial success.

Historian Kevin Starr wrote that Otis was a businessman "capable of manipulating the entire apparatus of politics and public opinion for his own enrichment". Otis's editorial policy was based on civic boosterism, extolling the virtues of Los Angeles and promoting its growth. Toward those ends, the paper supported efforts to expand the city's water supply by acquiring the rights to the water supply of the distant Owens Valley. The efforts of the "Times" to fight local unions led to the October 1, 1910 bombing of its headquarters, killing twenty-one people. Two union leaders, James and Joseph McNamara, were charged. The American Federation of Labor hired noted trial attorney Clarence Darrow to represent the brothers, who eventually pleaded guilty.

Answer the following questions:
1. What printing plant first printed the "Los Angeles Daily Times"?
2. What year was if first printed?
3. What city was it printed in?
4. What state was it printed in?
5. Did it have financial troubles in the beginning?
6. Who were two people involved in it during the very beginning?
7. Who were two people who owned the Mirror?
8. What role did Harrison Gray Otis take on at the paper?
9. When?
10. Did he speak well of the city?
11. What natural resource was he concerned with?
12. In 1910 what was a cause of unrest for the paper?
13. Were lives lost in the fighting over this?
14. How many?
15. What title did James and Joseph McNamara have?
16. Did they get in trouble for their roles?
17. Who defended them on charges?
18. Were they found not guilty?
19. Were they found guilty?
A: 1. the Mirror
2. 1881
3. Los Angeles
4. California
5. yes
6. Nathan Cole Jr. and Thomas Gardiner
7. Jesse Yarnell and T.J. Caystile
8. editor
9. July 1882
10. yes
11. water
12. local unions
13. yes
14. twenty-one
15. union leaders
16. yes
17. Clarence Darrow
18. no
19. they pleaded guilty

Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

Jainism (), traditionally known as Jain Dharma, is one of the most ancient Indian religions.

The three main principles of Jainism are "ahimsa" ('non-violence'), "anekantavada" ('non-absolutism'), and "aparigraha" ('non-attachment'); it is also characterized by "asceticism". Followers of Jainism take five main vows: "ahimsa" ('non-violence'), "satya" ('truth'), "asteya" ('not stealing'), "brahmacharya" ('celibacy', 'chastity'), and "aparigraha" ('non-attachment'). These principles have impacted Jain culture in many ways, such as leading to a predominantly vegetarian lifestyle that avoids harm to animals and their life cycles. "Parasparopagraho Jivanam" ('the function of souls is to help one another') is the motto of Jainism. Namokar Mantra is the most common and basic prayer in Jainism.

Followers of Jainism are called "Jains", a word derived from the Sanskrit word "jina" ('victor') and connoting the path of victory in crossing over life's stream of rebirths through an ethical and spiritual life. Jains trace their history through a succession of twenty-four victorious saviors and teachers known as Tirthankaras, with the first being Rishabhanatha, who is believed to have lived millions of years ago, and twenty-fourth being the Mahavira around 500 BCE. Jains believe that Jainism is an eternal "dharma" with the Tirthankaras guiding every cycle of the Jain cosmology.

Jainism has two major ancient sub-traditions, Digambaras and Svetambaras; and several smaller sub-traditions that emerged in the 2nd millennium CE. The Digambaras and Svetambaras have different views on ascetic practices, gender and which Jain texts can be considered canonical. Jain mendicants are found in all Jain sub-traditions, with laypersons ("sravakas") supporting the mendicants' spiritual pursuits with resources.

1. Is Jainism old?
2. What's it traditionally known as?
3. What culture is it from?
4. Is it a science?
5. What is it then?
6. How many principles are there in Jainism?
7. Does it have any sub-traditions?
8. Are they old or new traditions?
9. What's the name of one of them?
10. And the other?

Numbered answers:

A: 1. yes.
2. known as Jain Dharma
3. Followers of Jainism take five main vows
4. no
5. ancient Indian religions
6. three
7. Jainism has two major ancient sub-traditions
8. ancient means old
9. Digambaras
10. Svetambaras

Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

Susan was very happy to get some money from her grandmother. She spent all morning at her grandmother's house doing chores for her. Grandmother was getting older, and sometimes she needed help with small things around the house. The first thing that Susan did was clean the big window in her house. It was afternoon and the sun was shining, but it was hard to tell because the window was so dirty! Susan used water and soap to clean the window. It was very clean when she was finished. Next, she swept the front porch. She put all of the dirt and leaves into a big bin in the front yard. That was a lot of work. Susan was going back in the house for lunch when she saw that the light in the hall was out. She asked her grandmother to show her where the light bulbs were at so that she could change it. Since she was so short she had to get a stool to stand on. Her grandmother stood by to make sure she didn't fall. This was her last job of the day. After all of her hard work her grandmother made her a ham sandwich with no cheese. Susan did not like cheese. Then her grandmother gave her five dollars for helping. This was a whole dollar more than she got the last time!

1. What did Susan get?
2. From whom?
3. And how did that make her feel?
4. What did she do in return?
5. What did she need help with?
6. Where?
7. What did Susan do first?
8. During what time of day?
9. And what did she use?
10. What did she do next?
11. What did she put the refuse in?
12. Where?
13. Why did she go back in the house?
14. What did she notice?
15. Could she reach it unaided?
16. Did she do any more work?
17. What did her grandmother fix her?
18. And how much was Susan paid?
19. Was that more than before?
20. What didn't Susan like?

Numbered answers:

A:
1. some money
2. her grandmother
3. very happy
4. chores
5. small things
6. around the house
7. clean the big window in her house
8. afternoon
9. water and soap
10. swept the front porch
11. a big bin
12. in the front yard
13. for lunch
14. that the light in the hall was out
15. No
16. No
17. a ham sandwich with no cheese
18. five dollars
19. Yes
20. cheese