Given an abstract of a paper, generate a title for this paper such that conveys the key focus of the paper.
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Question: Abstract: In a retrospective study I assessed operative mortality in patients with biopsy-proven chronic hepatitis. Most patients had no symptoms from their liver disease. All patients were considered to have a viral cause of their chronic hepatitis--five were hepatitis-B surface antigen positive. Seven patients had chronic persistent hepatitis, and 13 had chronic active hepatitis (including four with cirrhosis). Twenty patients underwent 34 operative procedures, including 28 general endotracheal anesthesia and six spinal anesthesia. Although two patients who had preoperative bilirubin levels of 2.5 mg/dl or greater sustained further increases in serum bilirubin postoperatively, the serum liver chemistries of the entire group did not significantly worsen postoperatively. There was no anesthesia-related liver failure or operative mortality. Patients with asymptomatic chronic hepatitis tolerate surgical procedures well.

Answer: Surgical procedures are well tolerated by patients with asymptomatic chronic hepatitis.

Question: Abstract: In 14 intubated, spontaneously breathing children with body weight (bw) ranging from 8.3 to 25.6 kg, the influence of midazolam 0.1 mg kg-1 i.m. (group M0.1, n = 7) and 0.2 mg kg-1 i.m. (group M0.2, n = 7) as premedication, on sedation, ventilation, ventilatory response to carbon dioxide and hormonal stress response was studied in connection with minor surgical procedures during halothane anaesthesia. The concentrations of catecholamines, ACTH and cortisol were measured immediately after induction, during undisturbed anaesthesia, during surgery and 15 min after the end of the surgical procedure. Sedation was better and plasma catecholamine concentrations during undisturbed anaesthesia were less in children receiving the larger dose of midazolam. During surgery and in recovery there were no differences in hormone concentrations. In recovery, the concentrations of all hormones were significantly greater compared with during undisturbed anaesthesia. During surgery, VE and respiratory rate were somewhat lower in group M0.2 while E' CO2 was similar. A dose dependent depression of the response to carbon dioxide was found. However, clinically, the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide after surgery was considered to be adequate in both groups.

Answer: Ventilation, ventilatory carbon dioxide and hormonal response during halothane anaesthesia and surgery in children after midazolam premedication.

Question: Abstract: We examined the relationship between changes in abdominal cross-sectional area, measured by respiratory inductive plethysmography, and changes in length in the costal and crural parts of the diaphragm, measured by sonomicrometry, in nine supine, anesthetized dogs. During passive inflation, both parts of the diaphragm shortened and abdominal cross-sectional area increased. During passive deflation, both parts of the diaphragm lengthened and abdominal cross-sectional area decreased. We subsequently used the relationship between costal and crural diaphragmatic length, respectively, and abdominal cross-sectional area during passive inflation-deflation to predict the length changes in the costal and crural diaphragm during quiet breathing before and after bilateral phrenicotomy. In the intact animal the inspiratory shortening in the crural diaphragm was almost invariably greater than predicted from the relationship during passive inflation. During inspiration after phrenicotomy the crural diaphragm invariably lengthened, whereas the costal diaphragm often shortened. In general there was a good correlation between the measured and predicted length change for the crural diaphragm (r = 0.72 before and 0.79 after phrenicotomy) and a poor one for the costal diaphragm (r = 0.05 before and 0.19 after phrenicotomy).

Answer:
Relationship between diaphragm length and abdominal dimensions.