In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

[Q]: Late in his reign, this king put down revolts led by Ashina of Elam and Nidintu-Bel of Babylon. Other rebellions during his rule include one caused by his brother Artaphernes's response to a request for help from Naxos, leading to an uprising by Aristagoras of Miletus. This man also defeated the Margian leader Frada, as well as a usurper called Gaumata who may have impersonated his brother Bardiya. Those feats are recorded in the trilingual Behistun Inscription, and as king, this man notably succeeded the conqueror of Egypt, Cambyses II. He is best known, however, for ordering an invasion that ended with a decisive defeat by the general Miltiades at the Battle of Marathon. For 10 points, identify this Persian ruler, the father of Xerxes I.
[A]: History

[Q]: An approximation of it named for Russell uses the TDS value to determine one of its parameters via the Langelier approximation, while one constant that appears in it has units of moles per kilogram to the one half power, according the Bates-Guggenheim convention. Along with Guggenheim, Scatchard and Bronsted improved upon this model by developing the SIT theory, and that model has a better fit than a modification of it named for Davies. This relationship assumes the existence of only long-range interactions, and it was extended to account for Brownian motion by Lars Onsager. It assumes that the solvent is structure-less and that the solution is dilute, and the theory behind it implies that the electrostatic potential falls off exponentially when r is greater than the atomic radius due to screening by counter ions. For 10 points, identify this equation which is used to calculate the activity coefficients, and is named for a German and a Dutch scientist.
[A]: Science

[Q]: Verbti, a blind Albanian god with perfect hearing, was associated with the north wind and this phenomenon, and in Aztec myth the creator god Ometecuhtli was associated with this. In Japanese myth, a god associated with this phenomenon produced 8 gods when he was cut up by his father, who was distraught because that god's birth killed his mother. In Indian myth, the god of this also serves as the messenger of the gods and acceptor of sacrifices, and licks up butter with his 7 tongues, while in Norse myth, the personification of this phenomenon wins an eating contest in the hall of Utgard-Loki by devouring a boar together with its bones. FTP, name this natural phenomenon associated with Agni and Kagutsuchi, who produced 8 volcanoes after his birth burnt his mother Izanami to death.
[A]:
Social Science