Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: CHAPTER SUMMARY 21.1 Viral Evolution, Morphology, and Classification Viruses are tiny, acellular entities that can usually only be seen with an electron microscope. Their genomes contain either DNA or RNAnever bothand they replicate using the replication proteins of a host cell. Viruses are diverse, infecting archaea, bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. Viruses consist of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid with or without an outer lipid envelope. The capsid shape, presence of an envelope, and core composition dictate some elements of the classification of viruses. The most commonly used classification method, the Baltimore classification, categorizes viruses based on how they produce their mRNA. Q: Categorized based on how they produce their mrna using the baltimore classification method, what consist of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid with or without an outer lipid envelope? A:

OPTIONS:
- bacteria
- amphibians
- parasites
- viruses

A: viruses

input: OPTIONS:
- Big Bang theory
- Geiger theory
- Pascal's hypothesis
- gaia hypothesis Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The Gaia hypothesis states that the biosphere is its own living organism. The hypothesis suggests that the Earth is self-regulating and tends to achieve a stable state, known as homeostasis . For example the composition of our atmosphere stays fairly consistent, providing the ideal conditions for life. When carbon dioxide levels increase in the atmosphere, plants grow more quickly. As their growth continues, they remove more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. In this way, the amount of carbon dioxide stays fairly constant without human intervention. Q: What is the hypothesis that states that the biosphere is its own living organism? A:
A:
output: gaia hypothesis

Answer the following question given this paragraph: The cell cycle is controlled by a number of protein-controlled feedback processes. Two types of proteins involved in the control of the cell cycle are kinases and cyclins . Cyclins activate kinases by binding to them, specifically they activate cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) . Cyclins comprise a group of proteins that are rapidly produced at key stages in the cell cycle. Once activated by a cyclin, CDK are enzymes that activate or inactivate other target molecules through phosphorylation. It is this precise regulation of proteins that triggers advancement through the cell cycle. Leland H. Hartwell, R. Timothy Hunt, and Paul M. Nurse won the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discovery of these critical proteins. Q: What are cyclins made up of? A:

OPTIONS:
- enzymes
- group of sugars
- steroids
- group of proteins

Answer: group of proteins

Problem: OPTIONS:
- insulin
- dopamine
- melatonin
- thyroid
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: What hormone affects developent and maturation in animals? A:
Answer: thyroid

Problem:OPTIONS:
- 4
- 2
- 3
- 7

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Birds live and breed in most terrestrial habitats on all seven continents. They occupy a wide range of ecological positions. Q: How many continents do birds breed on? A:
****
A: 7

Problem:OPTIONS:
- chloroplast
- epidermis
- necrosis
- nucleus

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Some Eukarya are also single-celled, but many are multicellular. Some have a cell wall; others do not. However, the cells of all Eukarya have a nucleus and other organelles. Q: The cells of all eukarya have a what? A:
****
A:
nucleus