Q:Information: - Pope Pius IX (13 May 1792 7 February 1878), born Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti, reigned as Pope from 16 June 1846 to his death in 1878. He was the longest-reigning elected pope in the history of the Catholic Church, serving for over 31 years. During his pontificate, Pius IX convened the First Vatican Council (186970), which decreed papal infallibility, but the council was cut short due to the loss of the Papal States. - Sassari (; ) is an Italian city and the second-largest of Sardinia in terms of population with 127,525 inhabitants, and a Functional Urban Area of about 222,000 inhabitants. One of the oldest cities on the island, it contains a considerable collection of art. - Sardinia ( / , Sassarese: "Sardhigna", Gallurese: "Saldigna", Catalan: "Sardenya", Tabarchino: "Sardegna") is the second largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily and before Cyprus) and an autonomous region of Italy. It is located in the Western Mediterranean, just south of the French island of Corsica. - Sorso is a "comune" (municipality) of c. 14,700 inhabitants in the province of Sassari in the Italian region Sardinia, located about north of Sassari. - Luigi Amat di San Filippo e Sorso ( 20 June 1796 - 30 March 1878 ) was the dean of the College of Cardinals during the last part of the record long reign of Pope Pius IX. The issue of an ancient and noble Catalan Sardinian family , he was the fifth child and fourth son of Giovanni , Marquess of San Filippo , and Eusebia , Baroness of Sorso . He did his early education wholly in Sardinia , which was unusual for someone who was later to become a major curial official in those days , as most curial officials had to come from the Papal States . Between 1815 and 1825 , he obtained distinction as a student of both civil and canon law , and became a priest in 1826 . From that point on , he rose rapidly , becoming a bishop just one year after his ordination and soon after a nuncio to the Sicilian kingdom ( then separate from mainland Italy ) , and later to Spain . He was expelled when the Papal States broke off diplomatic relations with Spain in 1835 , but two years later Pope Gregory XVI elevated him to the rank of cardinal . After his elevation to the cardinalate , Cardinal Amat continued his previous work as a papal legate in various parts of Italy until the late 1840s . He participated in the conclave that elected Pius IX and in 1852 opted for the order of cardinal bishops . He was Vice-Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church from later that year until he died . During most of Pius IX 's reign Cardinal Amat held control of the police force in the Papal States : it has come to light that early in Pius 's reign he sacked many policemen because of their political sympathies and was involved in many major political incidents as sympathy within the Papal States for a united Italy increased in the early 1860s . However , Cardinal Amat had considerable success whilst in Bologna in cooling sympathy for socialism in a city that was to become renowned for this in later years . In 1876 , at the age of eighty , Cardinal Amat became the longest - serving cardinal in the Church , and officiated over the conclave of 1878 that... - The Papal States, officially the State of the Church were territories in the Italian Peninsula under the sovereign direct rule of the pope, from the 8th century until 1870. They were among the major states of Italy from roughly the 8th century until the Italian Peninsula was unified in 1861 by the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia. At their zenith, they covered most of the modern Italian regions of Lazio (which includes Rome), Marche, Umbria and Romagna, and portions of Emilia. These holdings were considered to be a manifestation of the temporal power of the pope, as opposed to his ecclesiastical primacy. Given the information above, choose from the list below the object entity that exhibits the relation 'languages spoken or written' with the subject 'luigi amat di san filippo e sorso'. Choices: - catalan - italian
A:
italian