Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Example Input: Gastrin and pepsinogens reflect the functional state of the gastric mucosa.', 'To evaluate whether serum gastrin and pepsinogens correlate with the different grades of severity of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD).', "In all, 388 patients with heartburn not taking any form of acid suppressive therapy were matched-controlled for age and gender and sub-classified into four groups: group 1 non-erosive reflux disease (NERD); group 2, erosive reflux disease (ERD) Los Angeles (LA) A and B, group 3, ERD LA C and D; group 4 Barrett's oesophagus (BO). Fasting serum was analysed for gastrin 17, pepsinogen I, pepsinogen II und Helicobacter pylori using specific EIA tests (GastroPanel; Biohit, Plc).", 'Kruskal-Wallis test and analysis of variance.', 'There was a significant difference among the four groups with respect for pepsinogen I, but not for pepsinogen II, the pepsinogen I pepsinogen II ratio, H. pylori serology and gastrin levels. Pepsinogen I was the lowest in NERD and the highest in BO (median 91.6, mean +/- standard deviation 106.2 +/- 51.6 vs. median 114.7, mean +/- standard deviation 130.4 +/- 70.6; P = 0.046). Pepsinogen I levels were higher in H. pylori positive subjects. After adjusting for H. pylori status, the differences in pepsinogen I across patient groups were no longer statistically significant (P = 0.298).
Example Output: Do serum gastrin and pepsinogens correlate with the different grades of severity of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease : a matched case-control study?

Example Input: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder characterized by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH). OSA is prevalent in obese subjects and is associated with endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disorders. We tested the hypothesis that the deleterious effects of IH could be further modulated by diet-induced obesity.', 'Thirty adult (8-10 weeks) male C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups. Mice were subjected to CIH or intermittent air (IA) for 12h a day and fed either a high fat (HF) or a low fat control diet (CD) for 6weeks. We analyzed endothelial function using a wire myograph, and measured markers of oxidative stress (plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC)) using colorimetrical assays. We also measured C-reactive protein (CRP) using ELISA and endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) gene expression using real time PCR.', 'Stimulated endothelial dependent dilation was significantly impaired only in the group fed high fat diet and subjected to CIH (Emax: HFIH 782%, p<0.0001) when compared to the other groups (Emax: HFIA 950.7%, CDIH 942%, CDIA 971%). Also basal endothelial dependant dilation was attenuated in the HFIH group compared to the HFIA group (Emax: HFIH: 17910% vs. HFIA: 14911% in the presence of L-NAME). Levels of MDA were elevated in the CDIH group when compared to CDIA (0.680.04 vs. 0.410.03 M, p<0.05) but were greatest in the HFIH group (0.830.08 M, p<0.05). However, there was no significant increase in MDA levels in the HFIA group (0.450.03 M, p=NS) when compared to all other groups. Similar effects were observed with CRP levels; CRP levels were significantly higher in the CDIH group compared with intermittent air (10.390.38 vs. 8.700.21 g/ml, p<0.05) but the HFIH had the greatest levels of CRP (11.870.31 g/ml, p<0.05). In the HFIA group, CRP levels were not elevated (9.960.37 g/ml, p=NS). Nevertheless, total antioxidant capacity and eNOS gene expression were not significantly different in the groups.
Example Output: Does chronic intermittent hypoxia cause endothelial dysfunction in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity?

Example Input: Trauma is believed to activate immunocytes but paradoxically also increases the risk of intraperitoneal infection.', 'To investigate these events by evaluating changes in the cytokine control networks of human peritoneal macrophages (PM phi) early after trauma.', 'Case-control study comparing cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA) expression by PM phi from patients with extra-abdominal trauma with that of both peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) and PM phi obtained from healthy individuals.', 'Level I trauma center and basic science laboratory in a university hospital center.', 'Six patients with polytrauma (Injury Severity Score, > or = 15) with clinically negative diagnostic peritoneal lavages performed on routine indications at admission to the emergency department and six healthy age- and sex-matched individuals undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy under local anesthesia.', 'Peritoneal macrophages were isolated from diagnostic peritoneal lavages in trauma patients. Identical lavages were performed through the hernia sac in the control group.', 'Cellular RNA was assayed for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta, IL-6, and IL-10 message by semiquantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction.', 'Normal PM phi expressed high levels of TNF-alpha mRNA relative to PBM, but expression of the other proinflammatory cytokines was equivalent to that of PBM. Peritoneal macrophage expression of TNF-alpha mRNA was markedly (64-fold) decreased after trauma (P < .001), when PBM expression of IL-10 mRNA was increased (P = .03).
Example Output:
Is tumor necrosis factor alpha gene expression in human peritoneal macrophages suppressed by extra-abdominal trauma?