input: Make use of the article to answer the questions. The unemployment rate is a measure of the prevalence of unemployment and it is calculated as a percentage by dividing the number of unemployed individuals by all individuals currently in the labor force. During periods of recession, an economy usually experiences a relatively high unemployment rate. According to International Labour Organization report, more than 200 million people globally or 6% of the world's workforce were without a job in 2012.

There remains considerable theoretical debate regarding the causes, consequences and solutions for unemployment. Classical economics, new classical economics, and the Austrian School of economics argue that market mechanisms are reliable means of resolving unemployment. These theories argue against interventions imposed on the labor market from the outside such, as unionization, bureaucratic work rules, minimum wage laws, taxes, and other regulations that they claim discourage the hiring of workers.

Keynesian economics emphasizes the cyclical nature of unemployment and recommends government interventions in the economy that it claims will reduce unemployment during recessions. This theory focuses on recurrent shocks that suddenly reduce aggregate demand for goods and services and thus reduce demand for workers. Keynesian models recommend government interventions designed to increase demand for workers; these can include financial stimuli, publicly funded job creation, and expansionist monetary policies. Its namesake economist John Maynard Keynes, believed that the root cause of unemployment is the desire of investors to receive more money rather than produce more products, which is not possible without public bodies producing new money. 1. What is being calculated?
2. How so?
3. Is it generally low during a bad economic period?
4. How many folks didn't have jobs in 2012?
5. What percent is that?
6. Says who?
7. What uses focus on the cycle of folks not working?
8. Does that say governments should help?
9. How so?
10. Any other ways?
11. Like what?
12. Who is this style of thinking named after?
13. What does he do?
14. What did the think caused the issue?
15. Did he think this could be done?
16. Do experts agree on what makes folks jobless?
17. How many types of thought think markets fix it?
18. And they are?
19. Do they agree with external influence trying to help?
20. Why not?
numbered_answers: 1. The unemployment rate
2. by dividing the number of unemployed individuals by all individuals currently in the labor force
3. no
4. more than 200 million people globally
5. Six
6. the International Labour Organization
7. Keynesian economics
8. yes
9. financial stimuli
10. yes
11. publicly funded job creation, and expansionist monetary policies
12. John Maynard Keynes
13. he's an economist
14. the desire of investors to receive more money rather than produce more products
15. no
16. no
17. three
18. Classical economics, new classical economics, and the Austrian School of economics
19. no
20. it will discourage the hiring of workers

input: Make use of the article to answer the questions. In South America, the rich soil of the Amazon River basin in Brazil is known as "black gold". Scientists found that the secret of this rich soil was charcoal . Local people made it from animal bones and tree branches. They mixed the charcoal with the soil about 1.500 years ago.

Now, scientists in the United States have done a modern demonstration. They say charcoal fertilization offers a revolutionary way to improve soil quality for hundreds or even thousands of years.

Mingxin Guo and his team at Delavare State University heated tree leaves, corn stalks , small pieces of wood and poultry waste into "biochar" . They reported their findings at a recent meeting of the American Chemical Society in New Orleans.

Biochar could be good news for farmers with poor soil and hungry populations to feed. Professor Guo says it could even help against global warming. Intensive farming and overuse of chemical fertilizer give out carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Biochar does the opposite, he says. It traps carbon in the ground.

The researchers planted winter wheat in containers of soil in a greenhouse -- some with biochar, some without. Professor Guo says the wheat grows much better in the pots with biochar. The soil was added two percent charcoal to. But he says even a one percent treatment will increase productivity.

The results demonstrated that biochar can increase organic matter in soil. Loss of nutrients in soil is an increasing problem worldwide as farmers try to grow more food for growing populations.

Next, the team will carry out a five-year study of biochar with spinach , green peppers and tomatoes.

Mingxin Guo says he learns about the "black gold" in Brazil from a magazine story. He explains that it was discovered in the jungle, in the area where waters flow to the Amazon, in the 1960's. But it was not until recent years that scientists began to bring public attention to it. 1. Where is the Amazon River basin located?
2. What kind of soil if found there?
3. What is the rich soil also known as?
4. Who made the soil the way it is?
5. Using what?
6. When did they do this?
7. What country is doing modern demonstrations of this method?
8. Who is the scientist that is heading this project?
9. Does he work alone?
10. What school does he work for?
11. How did he learn about black gold?
12. Where was black gold discovered?
13. When?
numbered_answers: 1. Brazil
2. the secret of this rich soil was charcoal
3. black gold
4. Local people
5. animal bones and tree branches
6. 1.500 years ago
7. United States
8. Mingxin Guo
9. Mingxin Guo and his team at Delavare State University
10. Delavare State University
11. heated tree leaves, corn stalks , small pieces of wood and poultry waste into "biochar"
12. Amazon River basin in Brazil
13. in the 1960's

input: Make use of the article to answer the questions. The Ford Motor Company (commonly referred to simply as "Ford") is an American multinational automaker headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit. It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903. The company sells automobiles and commercial vehicles under the Ford brand and most luxury cars under the Lincoln brand. Ford also owns Brazilian SUV manufacturer, Troller, and Australian performance car manufacturer FPV. In the past, it has also produced tractors and automotive components. Ford owns an 8% stake in Aston Martin of the United Kingdom, and a 49% stake in Jiangling of China. It also has a number of joint-ventures, one in China (Changan Ford), one in Taiwan (Ford Lio Ho), one in Thailand (AutoAlliance Thailand), one in Turkey (Ford Otosan), and one in Russia (Ford Sollers). It is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and is controlled by the Ford family, although they have minority ownership (but majority of the voting power).

Ford introduced methods for large-scale manufacturing of cars and large-scale management of an industrial workforce using elaborately engineered manufacturing sequences typified by moving assembly lines; by 1914, these methods were known around the world as Fordism. Ford's former UK subsidiaries Jaguar and Land Rover, acquired in 1989 and 2000 respectively, were sold to Tata Motors in March 2008. Ford owned the Swedish automaker Volvo from 1999 to 2010. In 2011, Ford discontinued the Mercury brand, under which it had marketed entry-level luxury cars in the United States, Canada, Mexico, and the Middle East since 1938. 1. What is the Ford Motor Company most often called?
2. Was it named after someone?
3. Who?
4. What was his role in the company?
5. When was it incorporated?
6. Where?
7. Does Ford own anything else?
8. What?
9. What else?
10. Where is that located?
11. Is Ford invested in anything else in China?
12. What?
13. What other countries do they have ties in?
14. Is the Ford name part of each company abroad?
15. Where is it not?
16. Does the Ford family still have the majority of the voting power?
17. What did Ford introduce?
numbered_answers:
1. Ford
2. Yes
3. Henry Ford
4. founder
5. 1903
6. Dearborn
7. Yes
8. part of Aston Martin
9. part of Jiangling
10. China
11. Yes
12. a joint-venture with Changan Ford
13. Taiwan Thailand Turkey, and Russia
14. No
15. Thailand
16. Yes
17. methods for large-scale manufacturing of cars