Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Genetics is the study of inheritance. The field of genetics seeks to explain how traits are passed on from one generation to the next. Q: What field of science seeks to explain how traits are passed on from one generation to the next? A:

OPTIONS:
- zoology
- biochemistry
- quantum physics
- genetics

A: genetics

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Similar to chromosomal alteration mutations, deletion or insertion mutations add or remove genetic information. Small deletions or insertions in the DNA will alter the reading frame. Deletions remove one or more nucleotides from the DNA, whereas insertions add one or more nucleotides into the DNA. These mutations in the coding region of a gene may also alter the splicing of the mRNA, known as a splice site mutation . Mutations which alter the reading frame are known as frameshift mutations . Splice site mutations and frameshift mutations both can dramatically change the mRNA, altering the final protein product. Q: Deletions remove one or more what from the dna? A:

OPTIONS:
- codons
- exons
- genes
- nucleotides

A: nucleotides

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Respiratory Rate and Control of Ventilation Breathing usually occurs without thought, although at times you can consciously control it, such as when you swim under water, sing a song, or blow bubbles. The respiratory rate is the total number of breaths, or respiratory cycles, that occur each minute. Respiratory rate can be an important indicator of disease, as the rate may increase or decrease during an illness or in a disease condition. The respiratory rate is controlled by the respiratory center located within the medulla oblongata in the brain, which responds primarily to changes in carbon dioxide, oxygen, and pH levels in the blood. The normal respiratory rate of a child decreases from birth to adolescence. A child under 1 year of age has a normal respiratory rate between 30 and 60 breaths per minute, but by the time a child is about 10 years old, the normal rate is closer to 18 to 30. By adolescence, the normal respiratory rate is similar to that of adults, 12 to 18 breaths per minute. Q: The normal respiratory rate per minute in adult humans is? A:

OPTIONS:
- 6-12 breaths
- 0-6 breaths
- 18-24 breaths
- 12-18 breaths

A: 12-18 breaths

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Stem Cell Research Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and repair body tissues. The mechanisms that induce a non-differentiated cell to become a specialized cell are poorly understood. In a laboratory setting, it is possible to induce stem cells to differentiate into specialized cells by changing the physical and chemical conditions of growth. Several sources of stem cells are used experimentally and are classified according to their origin and potential for differentiation. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are extracted from embryos and are pluripotent. The adult stem cells that are present in many organs and differentiated tissues, such as bone marrow and skin, are multipotent, being limited in differentiation to the types of cells found in those tissues. The stem cells isolated from umbilical cord blood are also multipotent, as are cells from deciduous teeth (baby teeth). Researchers have recently developed induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from mouse and human adult stem cells. These cells are genetically reprogrammed multipotent adult cells that function like embryonic stem cells; they are capable of generating cells characteristic of all three germ layers. Because of their capacity to divide and differentiate into specialized cells, stem cells offer a potential treatment for diseases such as diabetes and heart disease (Figure 3.36). Cell-based therapy refers to treatment in which stem cells induced to differentiate in a growth dish are injected into a patient to repair damaged or destroyed cells or tissues. Many obstacles must be overcome for the... Q: Found in cord blood and other sources, what kind of cells hold the promise of renewing and repairing body tissues? A:

OPTIONS:
- red blood cells
- white blood cells
- neurons
- stem cells

A:
stem cells