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Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are key elements in vascular homeostasis. Their function is regulated by estrogens and estrogen receptors (ERs), but the effect of estrogenic compounds such as bisphenol A (BPA; an agonist of ER- and agonist and antagonist of ER-) and (R,R)-5,11-diethyl-5,6,11,12-tetrahydro-2,8-chrysenediol (THC; an agonist of ER- and antagonist of ER-) on human EPCs is unknown. We analyzed whether BPA and THC influence the migration of human EPCs, an essential process in endothelial regeneration, in both male and female EPCs.', 'EPCs isolated from healthy adult men and women were assayed for ER expression by Western blotting and chemotaxis assay.', 'Male and female EPCs similarly expressed ERs and did not differ in basal migration. Interestingly, 17--estradiol (10(-9) and 10(-10) M) significantly inhibited migration in female EPCs but not in males. Moreover, both 10(-5) M THC and 10(-8) M BPA blocked migration in female EPCs, allowing us to hypothesize that the effect is mediated by ER-.
Output:
Do estrogenic Compounds Have Divergent Effects on Human Endothelial Progenitor Cell Migration according to Sex of the Donor?