Q: Untrained singers often breathe from too high in their chest, compress their throat as they sing, and adopt poor posture that affects their voice. Whenever you sing, stand up straight, place your feet shoulder-width apart, and roll your shoulders back. Breathe deeply from your diaphragm, low in your chest. It's important that you're able to hold the same pitch while you're singing, as well as be able to match your pitch to different notes. To practice this, play different notes on a piano and match your voice to the note. Singing major scales also helps you with your pitch. To see if you're staying in pitch, record yourself singing a song without the music. Play it back with the instruments and see if your pitch was correct throughout the song. You can also use a pitch pipe to get you started on the first note. You'll likely need to harmonize with others while singing a cappella, and it's also a useful skill to know even if you're singing on your own. Practice harmonizing by singing with others, such as in an a capella group or choir. Record yourself while you practice harmonizing so that you can play your voice back to see if it goes well with the original sound. Try humming the harmony section of a song while someone else sings the melody. Many a cappella arrangements require certain singers to sing with extended ranges, especially tenors, sopranos, and altos. As you sing through the vocal range you're comfortable with, practice more difficult notes little by little, such as notes that are just above or below your normal range. Singing scales will help you achieve a fuller vocal range. To determine your vocal range, such as soprano, alto, tenor, or bass, sing each note from low to high and write down the highest note you can comfortably sing as well as the lowest. This is your vocal range. If you need help, download an app like Sing Sharp to help you find your range. Even if you are able to sing all the notes in a song's range, you may need additional practice to keep the sound fluid and soft. You can find videos that will walk you through the process of figuring out your vocal range, such as https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9IejHKpfHso. Since a cappella music is entirely made up of voices and no instruments, you'll need to mimic the sound of the instruments with your voice. Each instrument sound requires a different method from your voice, but they can all be done with a bit of practice and research. Practice producing the sound that a guitar, bass, keyboard, or even a maraca would make by watching videos online of people mimicking these instruments. For example, to make your voice sound like a kazoo, practice making the 'nnn' sound with your tongue against your teeth, and then pull your tongue back to produce the kazoo sound. Nearly all trained singers can immediately tell when someone has been trained, simply from the pitch, phonation, and projection of the singer. Professional voice training will help you improve all of the skills needed to sing a cappella, and you'll receive valuable 1-on-1 attention. Go online to find voice teachers near you and look up reviews to see which ones are the best. Meet with at least 3 teachers to determine who you connect with the most and who is trained in the genre in which you want to perform. Check with your local college campus, as they sometimes have singing students who would be willing to teach you for little to no cost.
A: Practice basic singing techniques. Work on staying in pitch throughout a song. Sharpen your harmonizing skills. Extend your vocal range. Learn how to emulate different instruments. Take classes from a voice teacher to enhance your voice.

Q: If you have either, a fine piece of steel wool or a copper pad work well for removing rust. However, you can also get good results from non-metal abrasive products (e.g. Brillo, SOS, etc.). If the rust is stubborn, add a little water and some mild dish-washing soap as you scrub. Normally, it's a bad idea to try to clean a cast iron pan the same way you'd clean other metal cookware, since this can remove the protective layer of seasoning. However, if your pan has rust, this has already occurred, so it's best to clean the rust from the pan and re-season later. If the rust appears to be thin and light, you can often get away with using mild abrasives you probably already have in your kitchen. For example, to use baking soda as an abrasive, sprinkle a small amount onto the surface of the pan along with some water. Stir the baking soda with the water to make a rough paste, then use a rag to scrub the paste into the rusty spots of the pan. Once you've scrubbed the rusty areas, let the paste sit for a few minutes, then rinse it off with tap water. If any rust remains, repeat as needed or switch to a different abrasive. Another easy DIY abrasive uses salt and water. This method works almost exactly like the baking soda one above: make a rough paste of salt and water in the pan, then scrub it into the rusty spots with a rag. Because the salt crystals are a little larger and rougher than particles of baking soda, the paste will be slightly more abrasive. However, salt is still considered fairly gentle. In some cases, simple abrasives won't remove rust on their own. In these cases, harsher chemical cleaners can help. For example, lower-priced toilet bowl cleaners containing roughly 20% hydrochloric acid (HCl) tend to well. HCl completely dissolves rust into a wet powder. In this state, it can easily be removed consult the product's packaging for disposal instructions. HCl is a strong acid, so working with it requires great care to prevent chemical burns. Protect your skin, hands, and eyes wear gloves, a long-sleeved shirt, and safety goggles or other eye protection (which can usually be purchased for fairly cheap at universities with chemistry departments). Always use good ventilation and avoid breathing the product's fumes. Strong acids can irritate the throat and lungs, especially in people with asthmatic or lung conditions. Beware: HCl will dull coated or plated screws and polished, shiny iron or steel, and such. After cleaning, give the pan a thorough rinsing to remove any loosened rust or cleaning products. If you used HCl, consult the product's packaging for disposal instructions instead. When the pan is clean, dry with a clean rag or paper towel. Be sure to get all the water out missing even a little can cause rust to re-form. After drying with a towel, try heating the pan on the stove over medium heat for about five minutes. This will remove any last traces of water, leaving you with a completely dry pan. Use care when handling the hot pan. After removing rust, it is highly recommended that you season your pan. This is an easy process that essentially gives the cast iron a protective layer of fat which prevents future rusting and also keeps food from sticking as it cooks. See the section below for information on seasoning your pan.
A:
Scrub the rust with an abrasive pad. For mild rust, try scrubbing with baking soda. Make a salt scrub. For bad rust, use a heavy-duty cleaner. Rinse the pan and dry thoroughly. For pans with severe rust, use professional-quality abrasion.