Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

The London Stock Exchange (LSE) is a stock exchange located in the City of London, England. , the Exchange had a market capitalisation of US$6.06trillion (short scale), making it the third-largest stock exchange in the world by this measurement (the largest in Europe, ahead of Euronext). The Exchange was founded in 1801 and its current premises are situated in Paternoster Square close to St Paul's Cathedral in the City of London. The Exchange is part of the London Stock Exchange Group.

London Stock Exchange is one of the world's oldest stock exchanges and can trace its history back more than 300 years.London Stock Exchange Group was created in October 2007 when London Stock Exchange merged with Milan Stock Exchange, Borsa Italiana.

The Royal Exchange had been founded by English financier Thomas Gresham on the model of the Antwerp Bourse, as a stock exchange. It was opened by Elizabeth I of England in 1571.

During the 17th century, stockbrokers were not allowed in the Royal Exchange due to their rude manners. They had to operate from other establishments in the vicinity, notably Jonathan's Coffee-House. At that coffee house, a broker named John Casting started listing the prices of a few commodities, exchange rates and certain key provisions such as salt, coal and paper in 1698. Originally, this was not a daily list and was only published a few days of the week.

1. What is one of the world's oldest stock exchanges?
2. How long can it traces its history back?
3. Where is it located
4. Where in London?
5. Is it the largest in Europe?
6. When was it founded?
7. What is its value?
8. What is it a part of?
9. When was that founded?
10. Who opened The Royal Exchange?
11. When?
12. Who was Thomas Gresham
13. Where did stockbrokers operate from in the 17th century?
14. Why?
15. Why?
16. Who started listing prices?
17. When?

Numbered answers:

A: 1. The London Stock Exchange
2. more than 300 years
3. City of London
4. situated in Paternoster Square close to St Paul's Cathedral in the City of London
5. yes
6. in 1801
7. US$6.06trillion
8. part of the London Stock Exchange Group.
9. London Stock Exchange Group was created in October 2007
10. Thomas Gresham
11. 1571
12. English financier
13. Jonathan's Coffee-House
14. were not allowed in the Royal Exchange
15. due to their rude manners
16. John Casting
17. in 1698

Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

Before the 20th century, the term matter included ordinary matter composed of atoms and excluded other energy phenomena such as light or sound. This concept of matter may be generalized from atoms to include any objects having mass even when at rest, but this is ill-defined because an object's mass can arise from its (possibly massless) constituents' motion and interaction energies. Thus, matter does not have a universal definition, nor is it a fundamental concept in physics today. Matter is also used loosely as a general term for the substance that makes up all observable physical objects.

All the objects from everyday life that we can bump into, touch or squeeze are composed of atoms. This atomic matter is in turn made up of interacting subatomic particlesusually a nucleus of protons and neutrons, and a cloud of orbiting electrons. Typically, science considers these composite particles matter because they have both rest mass and volume. By contrast, massless particles, such as photons, are not considered matter, because they have neither rest mass nor volume. However, not all particles with rest mass have a classical volume, since fundamental particles such as quarks and leptons (sometimes equated with matter) are considered "point particles" with no effective size or volume. Nevertheless, quarks and leptons together make up "ordinary matter", and their interactions contribute to the effective volume of the composite particles that make up ordinary matter.

1. What did the term matter include prior to the 20th century?
2. And excluded?
3. What does science consider these particles to be?
4. What is a type of massless particle?
5. Is it matter?
6. What is one example of fundamental particles?
7. What's another?
8. What are they considered?
9. What is the term matter loosely used to refer to?
10. What is the effective size of point particles?

Numbered answers:

A: 1. ordinary matter composed of atoms
2. other energy phenomena
3. massless particles
4. photons
5. no
6. leptons
7. quarks
8. they are considered "point particles"
9. composite particles
10. no size or volume.

Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

Anne Sanders was practicing soccer moves, which was not normal. Usually, Anne only plays basketball. She wins every basketball game she plays, and she loses at any other game. "Anne", I waved to her. "Why are you playing soccer?" "Well, the gym teacher is doing something different," she said. "There are teams of four and partners of two.We get to pick our partners, and I want someone to pick me. "Anne held up a list. "It looks like I'm on a team with you, Stacey, and Paul," I said. "Stacey is my best friend.Maybe we can be together: " Just then, Stacey and Paul came over. They had heard of the teams. "Do you want to be partners, Stacey?" I asked. "Well, I was going to be partners with Paul," she claimed. I didn't blame her. Paul was as fast as a rocket, and my nickname was "Snail". "But we are best friends," said Stacey. "So I guess I'II be with you. " It was our first game. Stacey went to talk to some other friends afterwards, and Paul and Anne were talking about winning their game. I was sipping on my water, when I overheard Stacey, "She's worse than I thought; if I played the team alone,, I would have won easily. She's worse than a snail. She's more like a statue. " That night, I felt terrible for losing and mad at Stacey for calling me a statue. After all, she was my best friend and my only friend. Anyway, the phone rang, and it was Stacey. At first, I thought she might apologize, but no such luck. "Allison, the game tomorrow is canceled, " she said. "Okay," I replied. "Sorry about the game today", Stacey hung up on me. The next day, I went over to the soccer field. I knew the game was canceled, but maybe I could help clean up.But instead of a mess, I saw a soccer game in progress. Stacey and were playing, and Anne was hiding in the corner. "Paul made me pretend to be sick, " she whispered. "He wants to play with Stacey because she's so fast. " So Anne and I went to get ice cream. Even if I lost Stacey ,I just created a lifelong friendship.

1. What sport does Anne usually play?
2. What's her last name?
3. What sport is she currently playing?
4. Does she usually lose when she plays basketball?
5. Why is she playing soccer?
6. How many teams are there?

Numbered answers:

A:
1. basketball
2. Sanders
3. soccer
4. no
5. the gym teacher is doing something different
6. teams of four