Your first step is to figure out what will be on the test. The TOEFL has 4 sections, which are: Reading. In this section, you will read 3-4 different passages and answer questions about each. This section lasts 60-80 minutes. Listening. In this section, you will listen to 4-6 lectures and answer questions about each. You will also participate in 2-3 conversations. The listening section lasts 60-90 minutes. Speaking. In this section, you will do 2 independent and 4 integrated tasks. This section lasts 20 minutes. Writing. In this section, you will complete 1 integrated task lasting 20 minutes and 1 independent task lasting 30 minutes. Find a TOEFL testing location close to you, on a date that you like. You can find test locations and dates on the TOEFL website. When you've found one, register by phone, email, or mail. Schedule time to study for at least 5 hours per week. Split this time up over the course of several days so that you don't get burned out. It's best to study for a couple of hours a day at least 3-4 days per week. Make a schedule, and include what topic you will study on which date. Make sure you set aside more time for topics you need more help with. Write down your schedule and stick to it. For example, you might write: "Monday, study 7-8 a.m. Work on reading and writing skills." A great study space is one where you can concentrate. Any study space should be free from distractions, clutter, and social media. Have all of your materials nearby for easy access. Don't forget water and snacks! Don't feel like you have to stick to just 1 spot. Maybe you want to work in 1 spot on Monday and change it up Tuesday. You might like to close yourself in your bedroom and play relaxing music. Alternatively, you might work better with a little more background activity. If that's the case, head to your favorite coffee shop to get your work done. You can download a variety of free study guides. For best results, choose an official TOEFL study guide. Set aside time each day to work on the practice tests. This is the best way to get a sense of what the exam will actually be like. You can use practice tests in addition to your other activities, such as listening to and reading a variety of materials. It's normal to feel overwhelmed at the idea of taking such a big test. If you have the money, consider hiring a tutor for 1 on 1 instruction. You can do a quick internet search for "TOEFL tutors near me." Another option is to take a study course. Check with your local library and community center to see if they offer a class you can join. You might also find an online class that is right for you. Studying for the TOEFL can be stressful so you might need some extra support. Ask your friends and family for help if you need it. For example, you could ask someone to quiz you. Or you might say, "I really need to study. Could you help me out by making dinner tonight?" There are also online communities of other test takers. Look online for TOEFL communities!

Summary: Visit the TOEFL website to learn about the format of the test. Register for the test 3-4 months before you want to take it. Make a study schedule to stay organized. Organize your study space. Get a study guide and take practice tests. Hire a teacher or take a class to get extra help. Ask friends and family members to support you.

You need to know the face value of the bond and the present value, or purchase price. Also, you need to know the amount of each coupon payment you will receive and the number of coupon payments until maturity. Once you have that information, plug it into the formula P=C((1(1/(1+i)n))/i)+M/((1+i)n){\displaystyle P=C*((1-(1/(1+i)^{n}))/i)+M/((1+i)^{n})}, where, P = the bond price, C = the coupon payment, i = the yield to maturity rate, M = the face value and n = the total number of coupon payments. For example, suppose your purchased a $100 bond for $95.92 that pays a 5 percent interest rate every six months for 30 months. Every six months you will receive a coupon payment of $2.50 ($100.05.5=$2.50{\displaystyle \$100*.05*.5=\$2.50}). If there are 30 months until maturity, and you receive a payment every six months, that means you will receive 5 coupon payments. Plug the information into the formula 95.92=2.5((1(1/(1+i)5))/i)+100/((1+i)5){\displaystyle 95.92=2.5*((1-(1/(1+i)^{5}))/i)+100/((1+i)^{5})}. Now, you have to solve for i using trial and error, plugging in different values for i until you get the correct price. You don't have to make random guesses about what the interest rate might be. Since this bond is priced at a discount, we know that the yield to maturity will be higher than the coupon rate. Since we know that the coupon rate is 5 percent, we can start by plugging numbers that are higher than that into the formula above to solve for P. Remember, though, you're plugging in an estimated i for semi-annual payments. That means you'll effectively want to divide the annual interest rate by 2. In the above example, begin by taking the annual interest rate up by one point to 6 percent. Plug half of that (3 percent, because payments are semi-annual) it into the formula, and you get a P of $95. This is too high, since the purchase price is $95.92. Talk the annual interest rate up by one more point to 7 percent (or 3.5 percent on a semi-annual basis). Plug it into the formula, and you get a P of $95. This is too low, but you now know that the precise yield to maturity is somewhere between 6 and 7 percent or between 3 and 3.5 percent on a semi-annual basis. Plug values between 6 and 7 percent into the formula. Start with 6.9 percent, and decrease the annual interest rate amount by a tenth of a percent each time. This will give you a precise calculation of the yield to maturity. For example, when you plug in 6.9 percent (3.45 percent semi-annual), you get a P of 95.70. You're getting close, but it's not exactly correct yet. Decrease it by one tenth of a point to 6.8 percent (3.4 percent semi-annual), plug that into the formula and you get $95.92. Now you have arrived at the exact price you paid for the bond, so you know that your precise yield to maturity is 6.8 percent.

Summary: Gather the information and plug it into the formula. Estimate the interest rate by considering the relationship between the bond price and the yield. Test a smaller range of interest rates to determine a precise interest rate.

Plants have many natural pollinators. Bees, flies, and even wind serve to pollinate plants in their natural habitat. Indoor plants are sheltered from these animals and elements. To compensate for this, pollinate indoor plants by hand. If your flowers on fruit trees are dying before the fruit sets in, flower pollination may not be occurring. One reason for this might be that the pollinator that typically pollinates that plant (for example a particular species of moth) does not live in your area. This can happen if you have plants that are not naturally found in your region. You will need to pollinate these plants by hand. By hand pollinating, you can select exactly which two flowers you want to cross. This allows you to create flowers that exhibit specific traits. Hybrid flowers may be a new color, grow taller, or have some other feature that neither of the parent flowers has.
Summary: Pollinate indoor plants. Transfer pollen to outdoor plants that are not getting pollinated naturally. Use hand pollination to create hybrid flowers.