Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Parasitism is a symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is harmed. The species that benefits is called the parasite. The species that is harmed is called the host. Many species of animals are parasites, at least during some stage of their life cycle. Most animal species are also hosts to one or more parasites. Q: What type of relationship is parasitism? A:

OPTIONS:
- primordial relationship
- enzymatic relationship
- hypodermic relationship
- symbiotic relationship

A: symbiotic relationship

input: OPTIONS:
- soil
- plants
- dead material
- primary consumers Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Food Chains and Food Webs The term "food chain" is sometimes used metaphorically to describe human social situations. In this sense, food chains are thought of as a competition for survival, such as "who eats whom?" Someone eats and someone is eaten. Therefore, it is not surprising that in our competitive "dog-eat-dog" society, individuals who are considered successful are seen as being at the top of the food chain, consuming all others for their benefit, whereas the less successful are seen as being at the bottom. The scientific understanding of a food chain is more precise than in its everyday usage. In ecology, a food chain is a linear sequence of organisms through which nutrients and energy pass: primary producers, primary consumers, and higher-level consumers are used to describe ecosystem structure and dynamics. There is a single path through the chain. Each organism in a food chain occupies what is called a trophic level. Depending on their role as producers or consumers, species or groups of species can be assigned to various trophic levels. In many ecosystems, the bottom of the food chain consists of photosynthetic organisms (plants and/or phytoplankton), which are called primary producers. The organisms that consume the primary producers are herbivores: the primary consumers. Secondary consumers are usually carnivores that eat the primary consumers. Tertiary consumers are carnivores that eat other carnivores. Higher-level consumers feed on the next lower tropic levels, and so on, up to the organisms at the top of the food chain: the apex consumers. In the Lake Ontario food chain shown in Figure 46.4, the Chinook salmon is the apex consumer at the top of this food chain. Q: Secondary consumers are usually carnivores that eat what? A:
A:
output: primary consumers

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Materials that are good conductors of thermal energy are called thermal conductors. Metals are very good thermal conductors. Q: Materials that are good conductors of thermal energy are called? A:

OPTIONS:
- atmospheric conductors
- thermal inductors
- atmospheric inductors
- thermal conductors

Answer: thermal conductors

Problem: OPTIONS:
- gas and steam
- spark and steam
- diesel and internal combustion
- external and internal combustion engines
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: A combustion engine is a complex machine that burns fuel to produce thermal energy and then uses the energy to do work. Two basic types of combustion engines are external and internal combustion engines. Q: What are the two basic types of combustion engines? A:
Answer: external and internal combustion engines

Problem:OPTIONS:
- complete exclusion
- produce exclusion
- tough exclusion
- competitive exclusion

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Competitive Exclusion Principle Resources are often limited within a habitat and multiple species may compete to obtain them. All species have an ecological niche in the ecosystem, which describes how they acquire the resources they need and how they interact with other species in the community. The competitive exclusion principle states that two species cannot occupy the same niche in a habitat. In other words, different species cannot coexist in a community if they are competing for all the same resources. An example of this principle is shown in Figure 45.24, with two protozoan species, Paramecium aurelia and Paramecium caudatum. When grown individually in the laboratory, they both thrive. But when they are placed together in the same test tube (habitat), P. aurelia outcompetes P. caudatum for food, leading to the latter's eventual extinction. Q: Which principle states that two species cannot occupy the same niche in a habitat? A:
****
A: competitive exclusion

Problem:OPTIONS:
- opposing muscles
- vascular muscles
- elongated muscles
- smooth muscles

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Smooth muscles in arteries and veins are largely responsible for regulation of blood pressure. Q: The muscles in arteries and veins that are largely responsible for regulation of blood pressure are known as what type? A:
****
A:
smooth muscles