Q: Criminal Law is the body of law that relates to crime. It proscribes conduct perceived as threatening, harmful, or otherwise endangering to the property, health, safety, and moral welfare of people. Most criminal law is established by statute, which is to say that the laws are enacted by a legislature. It includes the punishment of people who violate these laws. Criminal law varies according to jurisdiction, and differs from civil law, where emphasis is more on dispute resolution and victim compensation than on punishment.

The first civilizations generally did not distinguish between civil law and criminal law. The first written codes of law were designed by the Sumerians. Around 21002050 BC Ur-Nammu, the Neo-Sumerian king of Ur, enacted the oldest written legal code whose text has been discovered: the "Code of Ur-Nammu" although an earlier code of Urukagina of Lagash ( 23802360 BC ) is also known to have existed. Another important early code was the Code Hammurabi, which formed the core of Babylonian law. Only fragments of the early criminal laws of Ancient Greece have survived, e.g. those of Solon and Draco.

In Roman law, Gaius's "Commentaries on the Twelve Tables" also conflated the civil and criminal aspects, treating theft ("furtum") as a tort. Assault and violent robbery were analogized to trespass as to property. Breach of such laws created an obligation of law or "vinculum juris" discharged by payment of monetary compensation or damages. The criminal law of imperial Rome is collected in Books 4748 of the Digest. After the revival of Roman law in the 12th century, sixth-century Roman classifications and jurisprudence provided the foundations of the distinction between criminal and civil law in European law from then until the present time.

1. the property, health, safety, and moral welfare of people
2. it's established by statute
3. that the laws are enacted by a legislature
4. yes
5. dispute resolution and victim compensation
6. no
7. the Sumerians
8. Around 21002050 BC
9. the king of Ur
10. the Neo-Sumerian king
11. Babylonia
12. Only fragments of the early criminal laws of Ancient Greece
13. yes
14. theft
15. as a tort

Numbered questions:
1. Name a couple of things that crime endangers?
2. How is most of it started?
3. What does that mean?
4. Does it cover punishment?
5. In civil law what corresponds to criminal laws punishment?
6. Have people always seen a difference between civil law and criminal law?
7. Who put the first laws into code?
8. When was the Code of Ur-Nammu put into effect?
9. By whom?
10. What was he?
11. Which country used the Code of Hammurabi?
12. Do we have anything left from
13. Did Rome draw a line between civil and criminal law?
14. What was furtum?
15. They treated it as what?

Q: Below are Top 10 Scholarly Stars in America in 2011. It's not always about fame and fortune for these celebs - education is a priority in their lives. Find out what scholarly stars have earned degrees and diplomas or are returning to the classroom as you head back to school. No. 10: James Franco James has attended FOUR prestigious universities in his life: UCLA, New York University, Columbia University and Yale University. We hear he's is so serious about school, he missed the Oscar nominations to attend class! No. 9: Natalie Portman Natalie Portman is so Ivy League: she graduated from Harvard University in 2003, thanks to her parents, who she says always made sure she put her studies before her acting. No. 8: Haley Joel Osment When students at NYU heard Haley Joel would be joining them as a freshman in 2006, they chalked the campus' sidewalks with his famous Sixth Sense movie line: "I see dead people." No. 7: Emma Watson Although Emma Watson put her education on hold to wrap up the Harry Potter film series, in July 2011 she announced that she was going back to school at Brown University to complete her degree. No. 6: Dakota and Elle Fanning Celeb sisters Dakota and Elle Fanning are stars on screen and in class. Dakota was her high school's homecoming queen two years in a row while Elle, who still attends middle school, somehow manages to balance her acting career with math tests and gym class. No. 5: Mara Wilson Mara Wilson graduated from NYU in 2009. Mara, who played the adorable Nattie in Mrs. Doubtfire, eventually grew up and headed to New York to attend NYU's Tisch School of the Arts; she graduated in 2009. No. 4: Tyra Banks Tyra Banks is known for being a savvy businesswoman, but even the best could use some formal training. She enrolled in Harvard Business School in 2011 and even went so far as to live in a dorm with her fellow classmates! "We live in dorms," confirmed the TV star. "I have my own room but we share a kitchen, living room and study area. It's mandatory dorms. I freaked out. In the beginning I was like, 'Oh yes, I'm going to Harvard and I'll be at the Four Seasons down the street.' And they were like, 'Girl, you're living in dorms!'" No. 3: Shakira Singer Shakira is resting her hips and giving her brain a workout at UCLA, attending classes on the history of western civilization so she could "learn from the best". No. 2: Steven Spielberg Director Steven skipped getting a formal education to be an unpaid intern at Universal Studios, where he learned his tricks of the _ . But eventually he did go back and earned his film degree in 2002. No. 1: Danica McKellar Danica McKellar is a math whiz. She used to be known for starring as Winnie Cooper in the Wonder Years, but Danica is also a UCLA graduate, math whiz and education advocate who's written three best-selling books encouraging middle-school girls to have confidence and succeed in mathematics.

1. Top 10 Scholarly Stars in America in 2011
2. James Franco
3. FOUR
4. Natalie Portman
5. an Ivy League
6. 2003
7. Haley Joel Osment
8. 2006
9. The Sixth Sense
10. Emma Watson
11. Brown University
12. Dakota and Elle Fanning
13. homecoming queen

Numbered questions:
1. What is the topic?
2. Who is the tenth artist?
3. How many colleges did he go to?
4. Who's the ninth person?
5. What type of university did she attend?
6. In what year did she graduate?
7. Who's next?
8. In what year did she start at NYU?
9. What movie was the person famous for?
10. Which actress is next?
11. What school did she return to after Harry Potter?
12. Who's number 6 on the list?
13. What "accomplishment" did Dakota have twice?

Q: Lublin is the ninth largest city in Poland and the second largest city of Lesser Poland. It is the capital and the center of Lublin Voivodeship ("province") with a population of 349,103 (March 2011). Lublin is the largest Polish city east of the Vistula River, and is located approximately to the southeast of Warsaw by road.

One of the events that greatly contributed to the city's development was the Polish-Lithuanian Union of Krewo in 1385. Lublin thrived as a centre of trade and commerce due to its strategic location on the route between Vilnius and Krakow; the inhabitants also had the privilege of free trade in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The Lublin Parliament session of 1569 led to the creation of a real union between the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, thus creating the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Lublin also witnessed the early stages of Reformation in the 16th century. A Calvinist congregation was founded and certain groups of radical Arians also appeared in the city, making it an important global centre of Arianism. At the turn of the centuries, Lublin was also recognized for hosting a number of outstanding poets, writers and historians of the epoch.

1. Lublin.
2. 349,103.

Numbered questions:
1. What is Poland's ninth largest city?
2. What is its most recent population?