Answer the following question given this paragraph: Oxides As with the halides, the nature of bonding in oxides of the transition elements is determined by the oxidation state of the metal. Oxides with low oxidation states tend to be more ionic, whereas those with higher oxidation states are more covalent. These variations in bonding are because the electronegativities of the elements are not fixed values. The electronegativity of an element increases with increasing oxidation state. Transition metals in low oxidation states have lower electronegativity values than oxygen; therefore, these metal oxides are ionic. Transition metals in very high oxidation states have electronegativity values close to that of oxygen, which leads to these oxides being covalent. The oxides of the first transition series can be prepared by heating the metals in air. These oxides are Sc2O3, TiO2, V2O5, Cr2O3, Mn3O4, Fe3O4, Co3O4, NiO, and CuO. Alternatively, these oxides and other oxides (with the metals in different oxidation states) can be produced by heating the corresponding hydroxides, carbonates, or oxalates in an inert atmosphere. Iron(II) oxide can be prepared by heating iron(II) oxalate, and cobalt(II) oxide is produced by heating cobalt(II) hydroxide:. Q: The electronegativity of an element increases with increasing of what state? A:
OPTIONS:
- isolation
- evaporation
- conduction
- oxidation

Answer: oxidation

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: 41.4 Nitrogenous Wastes Ammonia is the waste produced by metabolism of nitrogen-containing compounds like proteins and nucleic acids. While aquatic animals can easily excrete ammonia into their watery surroundings, terrestrial animals have evolved special mechanisms to eliminate the toxic ammonia from their systems. Urea is the major byproduct of ammonia metabolism in vertebrate animals. Uric acid is the major byproduct of ammonia metabolism in birds, terrestrial arthropods, and reptiles. Q: When vertebrate animals metabolize ammonia what is the primary byproduct that is produced? A:
OPTIONS:
- carbon monoxide
- dioxide
- proteins
- urea
Answer: urea

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: When lactose is absent, a repressor protein binds to the operator. The operator is located between the promoter and the three lac operon genes. The protein blocks the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter. As a result, the lac genes are not expressed. Q: When lactose is absent, a repressor protein binds to what? A:
OPTIONS:
- differential
- network
- worker
- operator
output: operator

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Pure substances, such as compounds, can be separated through chemical changes. Chemical changes change the chemical composition of a substance and can only occur through a chemical reaction. Q: What changes the chemical composition of a substance and can only occur through a chemical reaction? A:

OPTIONS:
- carbon changes
- Oxygen Changes
- mineral changes
- chemical changes

A: chemical changes

input: OPTIONS:
- binary fusion
- tertiary fission
- residual fission
- binary fission Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Bacteria reproduce through a process called binary fission . During binary fission, the chromosome copies itself, forming two genetically identical copies. Then, the cell enlarges and divides into two new daughter cells. The two daughter cells are identical to the parent cell. Binary fission can happen very rapidly. Some species of bacteria can double their population in less than ten minutes! This process makes it possible for a tremendous bacterial colony to start from a single cell. Q: Bacteria reproduce through what process? A:
A:
output: binary fission

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: An irreversible increase in size is known as? A:
OPTIONS:
- mass
- strength
- volume
- growth
Answer:
growth