TASK DEFINITION: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
PROBLEM: This man repudiated the Walrasian school after he published a work critical of the marginal productivity theory of distribution. In his magnum opus, he argued that actions are based on illogical decisions called "residues" and are justified by "derivations. " In additio to writing Cours d'economie politique and Mind and Society, his collaborative work with Francis Edgeworth resulted in the indifference curve, and he is also the namesake of a distribution, which leads to the conclusion that 80% of the outcome can be attributed to 20% of the causes. For 10 points, identify this economist, who also names a condition where no person can be made better of without making anybody worse off.

SOLUTION: Social Science

PROBLEM: This philosopher advocated the adoption of a federal system in Considerations on the Government of Poland. He contrasted the natural and physical types of the title concept in his Discourse on Inequality. He also wrote an epistolary novel subtitled The New Heloise, and a treatise dealing with the education of the titular boy, Emile. His most famous work discusses a society controlled by the general will of its people and asserts that man is born free, but is everywhere in chains. For 10 points, name this French philosopher who wrote The Social Contract.

SOLUTION: Social Science

PROBLEM: This piece's fourth movement includes a very slow parody of Offenbach's "Galop Infernal," while another quotes from "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star" and an aria from The Barber of Seville. One movement of this piece uses a pattern of ascending fifths to represent hopping. Only violins play in its movement "Characters With [*] Long Ears." This piece's composer reused a xylophone theme from his earlier Danse Macabre to represent the skeletons of its "Fossils" movement. One movement of this piece uses a cello to depict a bird moving gracefully over the water. For 10 points, name this fourteen-piece musical zoo which includes "The Swan," written by Camille Saint-Saens.

SOLUTION:
Fine Arts