Q: Chinese characters are logograms used in the writing of Chinese and some other Asian languages. In Standard Chinese they are called Hanzi (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ). They have been adapted to write a number of other languages including: Japanese, where they are known as kanji, Korean, where they are known as hanja, and Vietnamese in a system known as chu Nom. Collectively, they are known as CJKV characters. In English, they are sometimes called Han characters. Chinese characters constitute the oldest continuously used system of writing in the world. By virtue of their widespread current use in East Asia, and historic use throughout the Sinosphere, Chinese characters are among the most widely adopted writing systems in the world.

Chinese characters number in the tens of thousands, though most of them are minor graphic variants encountered only in historical texts. Studies in China have shown that functional literacy in written Chinese requires a knowledge of between three and four thousand characters. In Japan, 2,136 are taught through secondary school (the Joyo kanji); hundreds more are in everyday use. There are various national standard lists of characters, forms, and pronunciations. Simplified forms of certain characters are used in China, Singapore, and Malaysia; the corresponding traditional characters are used in Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau, and to a limited extent in South Korea. In Japan, common characters are written in post-WWII Japan-specific simplified forms (shinjitai), which are closer to traditional forms than Chinese simplifications, while uncommon characters are written in Japanese traditional forms (kyujitai), which are virtually identical to Chinese traditional forms. In South Korea, when Chinese characters are used they are of the traditional variant and are almost identical to those used in places like Taiwan and Hong Kong. Teaching of Chinese characters in South Korea starts in the 7th grade and continues until the 12th grade where 1,800 total characters are taught albeit these characters are only used in certain cases (on signs, academic papers, historical writings, etc.) and are slowly declining in use.

1. characters
2. CJKV characters
3. yes
4. kanji
5. Hanzi
6. hanja
7. a system known as chu Nom
8. Han characters
9. the tens of thousands
10. between three and four thousand characters
11. There are various national standard lists of characters, forms, and pronunciations
12. In South Korea
13. Simplified forms of certain characters
14. A traditional variant
15. 2,136
16. the Joyo kanji
17. yes
18. the 7th grade
19. the 12th grade
20. 1,800

Numbered questions:
1. What is used to write Asian languages?
2. What kind?
3. Do they use them in Japanese?
4. What do they call them?
5. What are they in standard Chinese?
6. In Korean?
7. What do they use in Vietnam?
8. What are they referred to as in English?
9. How many Chinese characters are there?
10. How many should you know to be literate in Chinese?
11. How many forms are there?
12. Where do they use traditional characters?
13. What kind do they use in Malaysia?
14. What about in Hong Kong?
15. How many characters would you learn in a secondary school in Japan?
16. What is that group called?
17. Do they use more than that on a daily basis?
18. When do they start learning them in South Korea?
19. When do they stop?
20. How many do they learn?

Q: "I believe you're the right person to write an advice column for the students called Dear Amy!" Jenny, editor of the school newspaper, said to Andy, who finally agreed to accept the job if Jenny promised not to tell it to anyone else. At first it wasn't too bad. Most of the letters he received were interesting and quite easy to answer. Then came a letter from a person named Joe. "Dear Amy," it began, "I'm in real trouble. I've wanted to be a songwriter all my life, but my parents don't even let me take music lessons. I have a guitar, but they both get angry if I play. I've tried explaining, but they didn't listen. I feel sad. Should I run away from home? Maybe that will make my parents agree." The letter signed "Joe". Andy thought about this letter for a long time. Should he advise someone to run away from home? Probably not. But didn't Joe have a right to be a songwriter if he wanted to? Andy thought hard, but couldn't think out a good answer. Andy couldn't sleep. He just worried about poor Joe. At a bar a few days later, Eleanor, a girl in Andy's maths class, sat down next to him and asked, " What's wrong with you? You look a little worried." "I guess I do," said Andy. "If you get a problem, why don't you try writing to Dear Amy about it?" asked Eleanor. Andy sighed. But Eleanor continued, "In fact, I guess Dear Amy is rather busy with other problems. She still hasn't answered the _ letter I wrote her last week. You'd better read it -- it may even make the most hard-hearted person cry! It was supposed to be from a songwriter named Joe."

1. Jenny thought it would be a good idea
2. joe
3. "Dear Amy,"

Numbered questions:
1. how did the letter begin?
2. what was the name of the person the letter came from?
3. how did it begin?

Q: In the Roman era, copper was principally mined on Cyprus, the origin of the name of the metal from aes yprium (metal of Cyprus), later corrupted to uprum, from which the words copper (English), cuivre (French), Koper (Dutch) and Kupfer (German) are all derived. Its compounds are commonly encountered as copper(II) salts, which often impart blue or green colors to minerals such as azurite, malachite and turquoise and have been widely used historically as pigments. Architectural structures built with copper corrode to give green verdigris (or patina). Decorative art prominently features copper, both by itself and in the form of pigments.

Copper occurs naturally as native copper and was known to some of the oldest civilizations on record. It has a history of use that is at least 10,000 years old, and estimates of its discovery place it at 9000 BC in the Middle East; a copper pendant was found in northern Iraq that dates to 8700 BC. There is evidence that gold and meteoric iron (but not iron smelting) were the only metals used by humans before copper. The history of copper metallurgy is thought to have followed the following sequence: 1) cold working of native copper, 2) annealing, 3) smelting, and 4) the lost wax method. In southeastern Anatolia, all four of these metallurgical techniques appears more or less simultaneously at the beginning of the Neolithic c. 7500 BC. However, just as agriculture was independently invented in several parts of the world, copper smelting was invented locally in several different places. It was probably discovered independently in China before 2800 BC, in Central America perhaps around 600 AD, and in West Africa about the 9th or 10th century AD. Investment casting was invented in 45004000 BC in Southeast Asia and carbon dating has established mining at Alderley Edge in Cheshire, UK at 2280 to 1890 BC. Otzi the Iceman, a male dated from 33003200 BC, was found with an axe with a copper head 99.7% pure; high levels of arsenic in his hair suggest his involvement in copper smelting. Experience with copper has assisted the development of other metals; in particular, copper smelting led to the discovery of iron smelting. Production in the Old Copper Complex in Michigan and Wisconsin is dated between 6000 and 3000 BC. Natural bronze, a type of copper made from ores rich in silicon, arsenic, and (rarely) tin, came into general use in the Balkans around 5500 BC.[citation needed]

1. Yes
2. 10,000 years
3. 9000 BC
4. Middle East
5. A copper pendant
6. 8700 BC
7. Gold and meteoric iron
8. Four
9. Copper was discovered sometimes before then
10. Cyprus
11. Green verdigris or patina

Numbered questions:
1. Does copper occur naturally?
2. How long has it been used?
3. When was it discovered?
4. Where?
5. What was found in North Iraq?
6. What is it dated?
7. What metals were used by people before copper?
8. How many sequences did copper metallurgy have?
9. What happened in 2800 BC?
10. Where was copper mined in the roman era?
11. What color does copper turn in architecture?