In this task, you are given a set of context paragraph and some supporting facts to answer a question. Your task is to generate answer for given question based on set of context paragraphs and supporting facts.

[Q]: Context_1 : An Elementary Treatise on Electricity is a book by James Clerk Maxwell. The origin of the book are lecture notes Clerk Maxwell gave to members of the Cavendish Laboratory, which he founded. Context_2 : James Clerk Maxwell {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (13 June 1831 5 November 1879) was a Scottish scientist in the field of mathematical physics. His most notable achievement was to formulate the classical theory of electromagnetic radiation, bringing together for the first time electricity, magnetism, and light as manifestations of the same phenomenon. Maxwell's equations for electromagnetism have been called the "second great unification in physics" after the first one realised by Isaac Newton. Context_3 : Glenlair House, near the village of Corsock in the Scottish Council area of Dumfries and Galloway, was the home of the physicist James Clerk Maxwell (18311879). The original structure was designed for Maxwell's father by Walter Newall; Maxwell himself oversaw the construction of an extension in the late 1860s, and further improvements were made by his heir, Andrew Wedderburn-Maxwell. Fires in 1899 and 1929 left the house gutted, but a project to preserve and stabilize the remains has been undertaken by the Maxwell at Glenlair Trust. Context_4 : The upper-convected Maxwell (UCM) model is a generalisation of the Maxwell material for the case of large deformations using the upper-convected time derivative. The model was proposed by James G. Oldroyd. The concept is named after James Clerk Maxwell. Context_5 : Katherine Clerk Maxwell (nee Dewar) 1824 12 December 1886, was a Scottish physical scientist best known for her observations which supported and contributed to the discoveries of her husband, James Clerk Maxwell. Most notable of these are her involvement with his colour vision and viscosity of gases experiments. She was born Katherine Dewar in 1824 In Glasgow and married Clerk Maxwell in 1859. Her contributions are largely recorded in writings on her husband, partly due to a fire at the Maxwell family estate which destroyed many of the family papers. Katherine had no children and died in 1886. Context_6 : The James Clerk Maxwell Prize in Plasma Physics is an annual American Physical Society (APS) award that is given in recognition of outstanding contributions to the field of the Plasma Physics. It was established in 1975 by Maxwell Technologies, Inc, in honor of the Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell. It is currently sponsored by General Atomics. The prize includes a $10,000 USD monetary award and recognition at the annual American Physical Society Division of Plasma Physics conference. Context_7 : The James Clerk Maxwell Foundation is a registered Scottish charity set up in 1977. By supporting physics and mathematics, it honours one of the greatest of physicists, James Clerk Maxwell (18311879), and works to increase the public awareness of science. It maintains a small museum in Maxwell's birthplace which is in the ownership of the Foundation. Context_8 : A coherent derived unit is defined as a derived unit that, for a given system of quantities and for a chosen set of base units, is a product of powers of base units with no other proportionality factor than one. The concept of coherence was developed in the mid-nineteenth century by, amongst others, Kelvin and James Clerk Maxwell and promoted by the British Association for the Advancement of Science. The concept was initially applied to the centimetregramsecond (CGS) and the footpoundsecond systems (FPS) of units in 1873 and 1875 respectively. The International System of Units (1960) was designed around the system of coherence. Context_9 : Coherence is defined as the ability of waves to interfere. Intuitively, coherent waves have a well-defined constant phase relationship. However, an exclusive and extensive physical definition of coherence is more nuanced. Coherence functions, as introduced by Glauber and others in 1960s, capture the mathematics behind the intuition by defining correlation between the electric field components as coherence. These correlations between electric field components can be measured to arbitrary orders, hence leading to the concept of different orders of coherence. The coherence encountered in most optical experiments, including the classic Young's double slit experiment and Mach-Zender interferometer, is first order coherence. Robert Hanbury Brown and Richard Q. Twiss performed a correlation experiment in 1956, and brought to light a different kind of correlation between fields, namely the correlation of intensities, which correspond to second order coherence. Higher order coherences become relevant in photon-coincidence counting experiments. Orders of coherence can be measured using classical correlation functions or by using the quantum analogue of those functions, which take quantum mechanical description of electric field (operators) as input. While the quantum coherence functions might yield the same results as the classical functions, the underlying mechanism and description of the physical processes are fundamentally different because quantum interference deals with interference of possible histories while classical interference deals with interference of physical waves. Context_10 : Maxwell's thermodynamic surface is an 1874 sculpture made by Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell (18311879). This model provides a three-dimensional plot of the various states of a fictitious substance with water-like properties. This plot has coordinates volume (x), entropy (y), and energy (z). It was based on the American scientist Josiah Willard Gibbs' graphical thermodynamics papers of 1873. The model, in Maxwell's words, allowed "the principal features of known substances [to] be represented on a convenient scale." fact_1 : The concept of coherence was developed in the mid-nineteenth century by, amongst others, Kelvin and James Clerk Maxwell and promoted by the British Association for the Advancement of Science. fact_2 : His most notable achievement was to formulate the classical theory of electromagnetic radiation, bringing together for the first time electricity, magnetism, and light as manifestations of the same phenomenon. Question: What is an achievement of James Clerk Maxwell, a Scottish scientist who helped to develop the concept of coherence?
[A]: classical theory of electromagnetic radiation

[Q]: Context_1 : Cody Jay Canada (born May 25, 1976 in Pampa, Texas) is an American southern rock/alt-country artist. From 1994-2010, Canada was the lead singer of Cross Canadian Ragweed. In 2011, Canada founded the group The Departed with Jeremy Plato, Seth James, Steve Littleton and Chris Doege. Context_2 : Sports injuries are injuries that occur in athletic activities or exercising. In the United States there are about 30 million teenagers and children alone that participate in some form of organized sport. About 3 million avid sports competitors 14 years of age and under experience sports injuries annually, which causes some loss of time of participation in the sport. The leading cause of death involving sports-related injuries, although rare, is brain injuries. When injured the two main systems affected are the nervous and vascular systems. The origins in the body where numbness and tingling occurs upon sports injuries are usually the first signs of the body telling you that the body was impacted. Thus, when an athlete complains of numbness and especially tingling, the key to a diagnosis is to obtain a detailed history of the athlete's acquired symptom perception, determine the effect the injury had on the body and its processes, and then establish the prime treatment method. In the process to determine what exactly happened in the body and the standing effects most medical professionals choose a method of technological medical devices to acquire a credible solution to the site of injury. Prevention helps reduce potential sport injuries. It is important to establish participation in warm-ups, stretching, and exercises that focus on main muscle groups commonly used in the sport of interest. Also, creating an injury prevention program as a team, which includes education on rehydration, nutrition, monitoring team members "at risk", monitoring behavior, skills, and techniques. Season analysis reviews and preseason screenings are also beneficial reviews for preventing player sport injuries. One technique used in the process of preseason screening is the functional movement screen. The functional movement screen can assess movement patterns in athletes in order to find the at risk players. Following various researches about sport injuries shows that levels of anxiety, stress, and depression are elevated. A study in 2010 found that athletes with severe sports injuries would display higher levels of post-traumatic distress and the higher the levels of post-traumatic distress are linked with avoidant coping skills. Context_3 : Women's sport in Australia started in the colonial era. Sport made its way into the school curriculum for girls by the 1890s. World War II had little impact on women's sport in the country. After the war, women's sport diversified as a result of new immigrants to the country. In the 1990s, the percentage of media coverage for women's sport on radio, television and in newspapers was not at parity with male sport. Basketball is nominally professional in Australia but players do not earn enough from the sport to compete full-time. Some Australians have gone overseas to play professional sport. Women make up a large number of television spectators for Australian sport. In person, netball has large percentage of female spectators. The Australian Federal and State governments have encouraged women to participate in all areas of sport. Context_4 : Sport Canada is a branch of the Department of Canadian Heritage. Its mission is "to enhance opportunities for all Canadians to participate and excel in sport." Sport Canada develops federal sport policy in Canada, provides funding programs in support of sport, and administers special projects related to sport. Context_5 : While not being urged to avoid competition, women had few opportunities to compete in sport in Australia until the 1880s. After that date, new sporting facilities were being built around the country and many new sport clubs were created. At the turn of the century, gymnastics was a popular sport for girls at religious schools because it was not a game and competition was not a major aspect of the sport. It helped reinforce traditional gender roles. One of the early schools in Australia to offer gymnastics for women was the Brisbane Girls' Grammar and the All Hallows' Convent school for girls. During the 1900s in Australia, this sport became more socially acceptable to participate in. Context_6 : Cody Hodges (born November 20, 1982) is a philanthropist, motivational speaker, and former professional American football player, playing in the National Football League, Arena Football League, and the Arena League 2. Hodges is best known for his one season as the starting quarterback for the Texas Tech Red Raiders during the 2005 season. As a fifth year Senior, he led the nation in passing and total offense and an appearance in the 2006 Cotton Bowl Classic and a 93 overall record. He was the 3rd straight fifth year senior to start for Mike Leach and Texas Tech and was also the second of 4 West Texas natives to take the quarterback reins in the Leach era, along with predecessor Sonny Cumbie and successors Taylor Potts and Seth Doege. Context_7 : Collegiate fencing has existed for a long time. Some of the earliest programs in the US came from the Ivy League schools, but now there are over 100 fencing programs in the US. Both clubs and varsity teams participate in the sport, however only the varsity teams may participate in the NCAA championship tournament. The first NCAA fencing tournament was held at Northwestern University in 1941. Due to the limited number of colleges that have fencing teams, teams fence inter-division (teams from Division I schools to Division III), and all divisions participate in the NCAA Championships. Context_8 : Seth Colton Doege (born December 18, 1988) is an American football coach and formerly professional Canadian football quarterback. After playing college football for Texas Tech University, he was signed by the Atlanta Falcons as an undrafted free agent in 2013. On February 27, 2014, he was signed to the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Canadian Football League. Doege was Texas Tech's starting quarterback for the 2011 and 2012 seasons. He is currently the wide receivers coach for Bowling Green. Context_9 : John Robart Hodges, an Australian cricketer, was born in Knightsbridge, London on 11 August 1855 and is believed to have died on 17 January 1933 in Melbourne, Victoria in his adopted country. The exact details of his death remain unconfirmed but this date is generally accepted by the sport's historians. He is one of the least known Australian players, so meteoric and short was his career. He had the unusual distinction of playing in a Test match (and not just any Test match, the first ever given such status) before playing for his colony. Therefore, the historic international, played at Melbourne in 1877 between Australia and England, was Hodges' first-class debut. Context_10 : The Departed (also known as Cody Canada and the Departed) is an American Alternative rock/alternative country band. The band was formed by Cross Canadian Ragweed frontman Cody Canada after Ragweed broke up in 2010. Canada's longtime bassist Jeremy Plato followed and joined guitarist/vocalist Seth James, keyboard player Steve Littleton, and Drummer Dave Bowen. Chris Doege would eventually replace Bowen on drums. In December 2014, Littleton and Doege left the band. Drummer Eric Hansen and keyboardist / rhythm guitarist Ross Smith was with the group from 2015-2017. fact_1 : Cody Hodges (born November 20, 1982) is a philanthropist, motivational speaker, and former professional American football player, playing in the National Football League, Arena Football League, and the Arena League 2. fact_2 : Seth Colton Doege (born December 18, 1988) is an American football coach and formerly professional Canadian football quarterback. Question: What sport did both Seth Doege and Cody Hodges participate in?
[A]: football

[Q]: Context_1 : The Treaty of Manila of 1946, formally the Treaty of General Relations and Protocol, is a treaty of general relations signed on none }} in Manila, the capital city of the Philippines. Parties to the treaty were the United States of America and the Republic of the Philippines. The United States granted the Philippines full independence, and the treaty provided for the recognition of that independence. The treaty was signed by High Commissioner Paul V. McNutt as a representative of the United States and President Manuel Roxas representing the Philippines. Context_2 : U.S.Japan Status of Forces Agreement (formally, the "Agreement under Article VI of the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between Japan and the United States of America, Regarding Facilities and Areas and the Status of United States Armed Forces in Japan") is an agreement between Japan and the United States signed on 19 January 1960 in Washington, the same day as the revised U.S.-Japan Security Treaty. It is a status of forces agreement (SOFA) as stipulated in article VI of that treaty, which referred to "a separate agreement" governing the "use of [...] facilities and areas [granted to the U.S.] as well as the status of United States armed forces in Japan". It replaced the earlier "U.S.-Japan Administrative Agreement" that governed such issues under the original 1951 security treaty. Context_3 : The Treaty of Cession of Manua, also known as the Deed of Cession of Manua, was a treaty between Tui Manua Elisala and the United States signed on 16 July 1904 that ceded the islands of Manua to the United States, which now forms part of American Samoa. It was ratified by the United States Congress by the Ratification Act of 1929. Context_4 : The Treaty of Cession of Tutuila, also known as the Deed of Cession of Tutuila, was a treaty between several chiefs of the island of Tutuila and the United States signed on 17 April 1900, whereby the chiefs swore allegiance to, and ceded the island of Tutuila to, the United States, which now forms part of American Samoa. It was ratified by the United States Congress by the Ratification Act of 1929. Context_5 : The Convention respecting fisheries, boundary and the restoration of slaves between the United States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, also known as the London Convention, Anglo-American Convention of 1818, Convention of 1818, or simply the Treaty of 1818, was an international treaty signed in 1818 between those parties. Signed during the presidency of James Monroe, it resolved standing boundary issues between the two nations. The treaty allowed for joint occupation and settlement of the Oregon Country, known to the British and in Canadian history as the Columbia District of the Hudson's Bay Company, and including the southern portion of its sister district New Caledonia. Context_6 : The 1903 CubanAmerican Treaty of Relations was a treaty between the Republic of Cuba and the United States signed on May 22, 1903. The treaty contemplated leases of Guantanamo Bay; one such lease had been executed earlier in the year in February 1903, and a second lease was executed later in the year in July 1903. Context_7 : The Treaty of St. Mary's (also known as the Treaty with the Miami, 1818) was signed on October 6, 1818, at Saint Mary's, Ohio, between representatives of the United States and the Miami tribe and others living in their territory. The accord contained seven articles. Based on the terms of the accord, the Miami ceded territories beginning at the Wabash River, subsequently known as the New Purchase, to the United States. In another tenet of the accord, the United States agreed to pay the Miami a perpetual annuity of fifteen thousand dollars. Moreover, the United States agreed to construct one gristmill and one sawmill, as well as provide one blacksmith, one gunsmith, and agricultural implements. The Miami would also be provided one hundred and sixty bushels of salt annually. Context_8 : The Pembina Region ( ), also referred to as the Pembina District and Pembina Department, is the historic name of an unorganized territory of land that was ceded to the United States. The area included parts of what became North Dakota, and a portion of central eastern to northeastern South Dakota. The eastern boundary was the Red River, and included the Pembina River area. The region was formerly part of British Rupert's Land and the Red River Colony (controlled by the Hudson's Bay Company), that encompassed an area then known as the Assiniboia District, from 1763 to the signing of the Treaty of 1818. The treaty transferred the region that was south of the 49th parallel from the British to the United States. Context_9 : The WebsterAshburton Treaty, signed August 9, 1842, was a treaty resolving several border issues between the United States and the British North American colonies (i.e. the region that became Canada). Signed under John Tyler's presidency, it resolved the Aroostook War, a nonviolent dispute over the location of the MaineNew Brunswick border. It established the border between Lake Superior and the Lake of the Woods, originally defined in the Treaty of Paris in 1783, reaffirmed the location of the border (at the 49th parallel) in the westward frontier up to the Rocky Mountains defined in the Treaty of 1818, defined seven crimes subject to extradition, called for a final end to the slave trade on the high seas, and agreed to shared use of the Great Lakes. The treaty retroactively confirmed the southern boundary of Quebec that had been marked by stone monuments by land surveyors John Collins and Thomas Valentine in 17713. It had been intended to be at 45 degrees north latitude, but is in some places nearly a half mile north of the parallel. Context_10 : Morden is a city located in the Pembina Valley region of southern Manitoba, Canada near the United States border. It is about 11 km west of the neighbouring city of Winkler. Morden, which is surrounded by the Rural Municipality of Stanley, is the second largest city in Canada's Pembina Valley region. The city is located south of the Winnipeg Capital Region. The communities of Morden and Winkler are often referred to as Manitoba's Twin Cities, due to their extremely close proximity, shared services, and economic ties. According to Statistics Canada, the city had a population of 8,668 in 2016. fact_1 : The treaty transferred the region that was south of the 49th parallel from the British to the United States. fact_2 : Signed during the presidency of James Monroe, it resolved standing boundary issues between the two nations. Question: What president of the United States signed the Treaty of 1818, which gave United States of America the Pembina Region?
[A]:
James Monroe