Question: Given the following passage "The general effect of the water content upon the wood substance is to render it softer and more pliable. A similar effect of common observation is in the softening action of water on rawhide, paper, or cloth. Within certain limits, the greater the water content, the greater its softening effect.", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: Across the board, water can make things?
Answer: softer
[Q]: Given the following passage "In Eastern Catalan (except Majorcan), unstressed vowels reduce to three: /a e / > []; /o u/ > [u]; /i/ remains distinct. There are a few instances of unreduced [e], [o] in some words. Alguerese has lowered [] to [a].", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: A speech sound which is produced by the opening of the vocal tract, with vibration of the vocal cords but without audible friction is called?
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[A]: vowels
input: Please answer the following: Given the following passage "The Russian R-7 rocket family, which launched the first Sputnik at the beginning of the space race, is still in use today. It services the International Space Station (ISS) as the launcher for both the Soyuz and Progress spacecraft. It also ferries both Russian and American crews to and from the station.", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: Who was responsible for Sputnik?
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output: Russian
Please answer this: Given the following passage "Ptolemy's Geography divided Asia on a similar basis. In the north is "Scythia this side of the Himalayas" and "Scythia beyond the Himalayas." To the south is "India on this side of the Ganges" and "India beyond the Ganges." Asia began on the coast of Anatolia ("land of the rising sun"). Beyond the Ganges and Himalayas (including the Tien Shan) were Serica and Serae (sections of China) and some other identifiable far eastern locations known to the voyagers and geographers but not to the general European public.", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: what is the last ethnicity mentioned?
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Answer: European
Problem: Given the following passage "The two volume biography of Whitehead by Victor Lowe is the most definitive presentation of the life of Whitehead. However, many details of Whitehead's life remain obscure because he left no Nachlass; his family carried out his instructions that all of his papers be destroyed after his death. Additionally, Whitehead was known for his "almost fanatical belief in the right to privacy", and for writing very few personal letters of the kind that would help to gain insight on his life. This led to Lowe himself remarking on the first page of Whitehead's biography, "No professional biographer in his right mind would touch him."", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: What is significant about the author?

A: The two volume biography of Whitehead by Victor Lowe is the most definitive presentation of the life of Whitehead
input: Please answer the following: Given the following passage "Ninety-five percent of bird species are socially monogamous. These species pair for at least the length of the breeding season orin some casesfor several years or until the death of one mate. Monogamy allows for both paternal care and biparental care, which is especially important for species in which females require males' assistance for successful brood-rearing. Among many socially monogamous species, extra-pair copulation (infidelity) is common. Such behaviour typically occurs between dominant males and females paired with subordinate males, but may also be the result of forced copulation in ducks and other anatids. Female birds have sperm storage mechanisms that allow sperm from males to remain viable long after copulation, a hundred days in some species. Sperm from multiple males may compete through this mechanism. For females, possible benefits of extra-pair copulation include getting better genes for her offspring and insuring against the possibility of infertility in her mate. Males of species that engage in extra-pair copulations will closely guard their mates to ensure the parentage of the offspring that they raise.", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: What is an advantage of this social development?
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output:
Monogamy allows for both paternal care and biparental care, which is especially important for species in which females require males' assistance for successful brood-rearing