Answer the following question given this paragraph: After Mendel's first set of experiments, Mendel wanted to see if the inheritance of characteristics were dependent, or were they independent events. Mendel asked if the segregation of the heritable factors (allele) for one characteristic (gene) had any effect of the segregation of the factors for another characteristic. For example, did the segregation of the flower color factors have any effect on the segregation of the seed shape factors? So Mendel performed crosses in which he followed the segregation of two genes. Mendel crossed pea plants that differed in two characteristics, such as seed color and shape. A dihybrid cross is a cross in which the inheritance of two characteristics are tracked at the same time. The offspring of such a cross are called dihybrids . Q: What is the term for a cross in which the inheritance of two characteristics are tracked at the same time? A:

OPTIONS:
- fraternal
- identical twin
- Mendelian
- dihybrid cross

Answer: dihybrid cross

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Ethers are composed of an oxygen atom that forms single bonds with two carbon atoms. Ethers are relatively unreactive making them good solvents for other organic compounds, such as in the formation of anesthetics. Q: What are composed of an oxygen atom that forms single bonds with two carbon atoms? A:

OPTIONS:
- sugars
- solvents
- acids
- ethers

Answer: ethers

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Birds have a sac-like structure called a crop to store and moisten food that is waiting to be digested. They also have an organ called a gizzard that contains swallowed stones. The stones make up for the lack of teeth by grinding food, which can then be digested more quickly. Both structures make it easier for the digestive system to produce a steady supply of nutrients from food. Q: Where do birds store and moisten food that is waiting to be digested? A:

OPTIONS:
- nest
- tree
- gullet
- crop

Answer: crop

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Range shifts are already being observed: for example, some European bird species ranges have moved 91 km northward. The same study suggested that the optimal shift based on warming trends was double that distance, suggesting that the populations are not moving quickly enough. Range shifts have also been observed in plants, butterflies, other insects, freshwater fishes, reptiles, and mammals. Climate gradients will also move up mountains, eventually crowding species higher in altitude and eliminating the habitat for those species adapted to the highest elevations. Some climates will completely disappear. The rate of warming appears to be accelerated in the arctic, which is recognized as a serious threat to polar bear populations that require sea ice to hunt seals during the winter months: seals are the only source of protein available to polar bears. A trend to decreasing sea ice coverage has occurred since observations began in the mid-twentieth century. The rate of decline observed in recent years is far greater than previously predicted by climate models. Finally, global warming will raise ocean levels due to melt water from glaciers and the greater volume of warmer water. Shorelines will be inundated, reducing island size, which will have an effect on some species, and a number of islands will disappear entirely. Additionally, the gradual melting and subsequent refreezing of the poles, glaciers, and higher elevation. Q: Global warming will raise ocean levels due to melt water from glaciers and the greater volume of what? A:

OPTIONS:
- greenhouse gases
- rainforests
- rain
- warmer water

Answer:
warmer water