(Q).
Information: - Surgery (from the "cheirourgik" (composed of , "hand", and , "work"), via , meaning "hand work") is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, to help improve bodily function or appearance or to repair unwanted ruptured areas (for example, a perforated ear drum). - The calcifying odotogenic cyst or the Gorlin cyst , now known in the WHO Classification of Tumours as the calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor , is a benign odontogenic tumor of cystic type most likely to affect the anterior areas of the jaws . It is most common in people in their second to third decades but can be seen at almost any age . On radiographs , the calcifying odontogenic cyst appears as a unilocular radiolucency ( dark area ) . In one - third of cases , an impacted tooth is involved . Microscopically , there are many cells that are described as '' ghost cells '' , enlarged eosinophilic epithelial cells without nuclei . - An abscess is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the body. Signs and symptoms of abscesses include redness, pain, warmth, and swelling. The swelling may feel fluid filled when pressed. The area of redness often extends beyond the swelling. Carbuncles and boils are types of abscess that often involve hair follicles with carbuncles being larger. They are usually caused by a bacterial infection. Often many different types of bacteria are involved in a single infection. In the United States and many other areas of the world the most common bacteria present is "methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus". Rarely, parasites can cause abscesses and this is more common in the developing world. Diagnosis of a skin abscess is usually made based on what it looks like and is confirmed by cutting it open. Ultrasound imaging may be useful in cases in which the diagnosis is not clear. In abscesses around the anus, computer tomography (CT) may be important to look for deeper infection. Standard treatment for most skin or soft tissue abscesses is cutting it open and drainage. There does not appear to be any benefit from also using antibiotics for this type of abscess in most people who are otherwise healthy. A small amount of evidence supports not packing the cavity that remains with gauze after drainage. Closing this cavity right after draining it rather than leaving it open may speed healing without increasing the risk of the abscess returning. Sucking out the pus with a needle is often not sufficient. Skin abscesses are common and have become more common in recent years. Risk factors include intravenous drug use with rates reported as high as 65% in this population. In 2005 in the United States 3.2 million people went to the emergency department for an abscess. In Australia around 13,000 people were hospitalized in 2008 with the condition. - Pus is an exudate, typically white-yellow, yellow, or yellow-brown, formed at the site of inflammation during bacterial or fungal infection. An accumulation of pus in an enclosed tissue space is known as an abscess, whereas a visible collection of pus within or beneath the epidermis is known as a pustule, pimple, or "spot". - An odontogenic tumor is a neoplasm of the cells or tissues that initiate odontogenic processes. - A cyst is a closed sac, having a distinct membrane and division compared to the nearby tissue. Hence, it is a cluster of cells that have grouped together to form a sac (not unlike the manner in which water molecules group together, forming a bubble); however, the distinguishing aspect of a cyst is that the cells forming the "shell" of such a sac are distinctly abnormal (in both appearance and behaviour) when compared to all surrounding cells for that given location. It may contain air, fluids, or semi-solid material. A collection of pus is called an abscess, not a cyst. Once formed, a cyst may sometimes resolve on its own. When a cyst fails to resolve it may need to be removed by surgery but this will depend on what type of cyst it is and where in the body it has formed. Given the information above, choose from the list below the object entity that exhibits the relation 'instance of' with the subject 'calcifying odontogenic cyst'. Choices: - antibiotics - area - collection - computer - disease - evidence - exudate - fluid - function - group - inflammation - injury - location - may - membrane - neoplasm - people - population - single - skin - surgery - tissue - treatment - work
(A).
disease

(Q).
Information: - The Astra C was a 1912 French single engine biplane , manufactured by Societe Astra at Villacoublay . In 1913 , the Astra CM Hydro - avion three - seat floatplane version was used to make the world 's first scheduled passenger - carrying flights . - The Astra-Torres airships were non-rigid airships built by Societe Astra to a design by Spaniard Leonardo Torres Quevedo in France between about 1908 and 1922. They had a highly-characteristic tri-lobed cross-section rather than the more usual circular cross-section. This was the result of moving most of the blimp's bracing wires inside the envelope in an attempt to minimise drag. Early Astra-Torres airships could be trimmed by moving the entire gondola fore-and-aft. - Societe Astra des Constructions Aeronautiques was a major French manufacturer of balloons, airships, and aeroplanes in the early 20th Century. It was founded in 1908 when Henri Deutsch de la Meurthe purchased Edouard Surcouf's workshops at Billancourt. Its most significant products were the Astra-Torres airships, but beginning in 1909, the firm also produced Wright brothers heavier-than-air designs under licence. In 1912, these were supplanted by Astra's own designs, the Astra C and CM. - Henri Deutsch de la Meurthe (1846, Paris 1919) was a successful French petroleum businessman (known as the "Oil King of Europe") and an avid supporter of early aviation. He sponsored a number of prizes to encourage the development of aviation technologies, including the Grand Prix d'Aviation and the Deutsch de la Meurthe prize. - The Wright brothers, Orville (August 19, 1871 January 30, 1948) and Wilbur (April 16, 1867 May 30, 1912), were two American brothers, inventors, and aviation pioneers who are generally credited with inventing, building, and flying the world's first successful airplane. They made the first controlled, sustained flight of a powered, heavier-than-air aircraft on December 17, 1903, four miles south of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. In 190405 the brothers developed their flying machine into the first practical fixed-wing aircraft. Although not the first to build and fly experimental aircraft, the Wright brothers were the first to invent aircraft controls that made fixed-wing powered flight possible. Given the information above, choose from the list below the object entity that exhibits the relation 'instance of' with the subject 'astra c'. Choices: - aircraft - airplane - april - august - aviation - biplane - building - century - december - design - january - king - manufacturer - oil - prize - result - single - three - wing
(A).
aircraft