instruction:
In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
question:
Context: The goals of this study were to determine if -acid from hops (Humulus lupulus L.) could be used to control fructan fermentation by equine hindgut micro-organisms, and to verify the antimicrobial mode of action on Streptococcus bovis, which has been implicated in fructan fermentation, hindgut acidosis and pasture-associated laminitis (PAL) in the horse.', 'Suspensions of uncultivated equine faecal micro-organisms produced fermentation acids when inulin (model fructan) was the substrate, but -acid (i.e. lupulone) concentrations 9ppm inhibited lactate production and mitigated the decrease in pH. Inulin-fermenting Strep.bovis was isolated from the -acid-free suspensions after enrichment with inulin. The isolates were sensitive to -acid, which decreased the viable number of streptococci in faecal suspensions, as well as growth, lactate production and the intracellular potassium of Strep.bovis in pure culture.\Question: Does inhibition of fructan-fermenting equine faecal bacteria and Streptococcus bovis by hop ( Humulus lupulus L. ) -acid?
answer:
These results are consistent with the hypothesis that hops -acid prevented the growth of fructan-fermenting equine faecal bacteria, and that the mechanism of action was dissipation of the intracellular potassium of Strep.bovis.

question:
Context: Accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) contributes to the development of diabetic ulcers. Recent evidence indicates that AGEs administration enhanced autophagy in many cell types. As a positive trigger of autophagy, the effect of AGEs on autophagy in skin tissues and fibroblasts remains unknown.', 'Skin tissues were isolated from Spreqne-Dawley rats and immunohistochemical staining was performed to analyze the location of LC3 and FOXO1 in skin tissues. Then primary cultured foreskin fibroblast cells with treated with AGEs and the effect of AGEs on autophagy was investigated. Protein level expressions of LC3, Beclin-1 and FOXO1 in fibroblasts were analyzed by Western blotting. Autophagic flux is detected with autophagy inhibitor chloroquine and mRFP-GFP-LC3 tandem construct.', 'Compared with skin from normal rats, immunohistochemical staining shows a predominant LC3 localization in fibroblasts cytoplasm in diabetic rats. Elevated expression of FOXO1 also existed in diabetic rats dermis fibroblasts when compared with normal rats in immunohistochemical analysis. In human skin fibroblasts cells, AGEs administration stimulated the autophagy related LC3-II/LC3-I and Beclin-1 expressions and increased autophagy flux. In mRFP-GFP-LC3 puncta formation assays, both autolysosome and autophagosome were increased in human fibroblasts after treatment with AGEs. Fibroblasts exposed to AGEs also have increased FOXO1 expression compared with control group.\Question: Do aGEs trigger autophagy in diabetic skin tissues and fibroblasts?
answer:
AGEs could induce autophagy at least in part via regulating the FOXO1 activity in diabetic skin tissues and fibroblasts.

question:
Context: The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of the GP Ia and GP IIIa polymorphisms in the group of women in labor, and to assess the risk of thrombosis associated with their occurrence.', '245 women in labor hospitalized between 1.01.2001 and 31.12.2003 r. were enrolled in the study. Patients were qualified for the study if detailed physical exam and past medical history excluded existence of known risk factors predisposing to thrombosis. Study group was composed of 72 women in childbirth, which at some point during current pregnancy or in early labor were diagnosed with thrombosis, and control group included 173 women in labor randomly picked from the group of patients with uncomplicated pregnancies. Polymorphic regions of platelets glycoprotein were detected using genotyping methods based on polymerase chain reactions (PCR).', '1.72% of patients were found to have thrombosis. The thrombosis was located in the venous system in 97.2% of cases. Arteries were affected in two patients (2.7%). Prevalence of individual platelets glycoprotein mutations did not differ between controls and study group. In both groups platelets glycoprotein polymorphisms moderately pro-thrombotic A1/A2 and C/T dominated, and the least numerous were strongly pro-thrombotic A2/A2 and T/T.\Question: Does polymorphism of the glycoprotein Ia and IIIa in the group of women in childbirth correlate with an increased risk of developing thrombosis?
answer:
Our results did not show the causative relationship between the existence of platelets GP IIIa/GP Ia mutations and venous system thrombosis in the women in labor. Probably presence of pro-thrombotic mutations of platelets glycoprotein in this group of patients does not represent the increased risk of thrombosis.