instruction:
Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
question:
An abnormal ratio of vasohibin-2/vasohibin-1 may be involved in the abnormal angiogenesis and vascular remodeling during pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).', 'To evaluate the pharmacological actions of Ponatinib (AP) in experimental model of PAH, the effects of AP on TGF-1-mediated endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMEC), and the hypoxic human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMC) proliferation and HPMEC in vitro, and on bleomycin (BLM)-induced PAH in vivo were investigated.', 'AP treatment resulted in a reduction of EndoMT in HPMECs with a decrease of vimentin, whereas an increase of VE-cadherin, reduction of fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and vasohibin-2 (VASH-2), whereas an increase of vasohibin-1 (VASH-1) in the hypoxic HPMEC, a reduction of the HPASMC proliferation with decreases of wnt5a, -catenin and cyclin D1 expression. AP ameliorated BLM-induced PAH in rats with reductions of FGF-2, VEGF, von Willebrand factor (vWF) and VASH-2 expression, whereas an increase of VASH-1 expression. AP ameliorated BLM-induced PAH in rats with reductions of the pathological score and the collagen deposition. In addition, AP ameliorated hemodynamics and right ventricular hypertrophy.
answer:
Does ponatinib attenuate experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension by modulating Wnt signaling and vasohibin-2/vasohibin-1?

question:
We investigated the clinical significance of GALNT4 expression in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma.', 'Enrolled in this study were 104 patients treated with curative nephrectomy at Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai during 2004. Of the cohort 23 patients died of disease, 33 experienced recurrence and 3 died of another cause. GALNT4 density was assessed by immunohistochemistry in patient specimens. Univariate and multivariate Cox models, and ROC analysis were used to analyze the impact of prognostic factors on overall and relapse-free survival. Kaplan-Meier analysis with the log rank test was done to compare clinical outcomes between subgroups.', 'Intratumor GALNT4 expression was significantly lower than peritumor expression. Low GALNT4 expression was associated with poor overall and relapse-free survival (p = 0.001 and 0.004, respectively). Intratumor GALNT4 expression, which negatively correlated with tumor size (p = 0.032), necrosis (p=0.013) and TNM stage (p = 0.017), was an independent prognostic indicator for overall and relapse-free survival (HR 3.088, p = 0.020 and 2.173, p = 0.047, respectively). Extending the TNM staging system according to GALNT4 expression showed a better prognostic value for overall and relapse-free survival (AUC 0.786, p = 0.029 and 0.761, p = 0.040, respectively).
answer:
Does gALNT4 predict clinical outcome in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma?

question:
An accurate measure of the severity of ischemic insult and the resulting prognosis is needed to assess the effectiveness of new treatments for acute stroke. We studied the reproducibility and accuracy of measurements of infarct volume with MRI and correlated the measurements with outcome.', 'Infarct volume was measured on T2-weighted images with the Analyze image analysis software. This technique was found to be highly accurate and reproducible.', 'Measurements of infarct volume were found to be highly accurate and reproducible. Twenty-one patients (mean age, 66.5 years; range, 28 to 90 years) with cortical middle cerebral artery territory infarcts in whom adequate data could be obtained were studied within 72 hours from onset (mean delay to MRI, 27.5 hours; range, 5 to 72 hours). The Scandinavian Stroke Scale was used to calculate a prognostic score, and clinical outcome was assessed at 3 months. Infarct volume was found to significantly predict outcome. Mean infarct volume in the independent patients was 35.7 +/- 29.7 cm3 compared with 88.3 +/- 71.3 cm3 in dependent patients and 166.5 +/- 65.9 cm3 in dead patients (F = 10.52, P < .001). Patients with an initial infarct volume less than 80 cm3 were found to have a better outcome than those with larger infarct volumes. Secondary hemorrhage visible on MRI also predicted a poor outcome. In contrast, the Scandinavian Stroke Scale did not significantly predict outcome.
answer:
Does measurement of infarct size using MRI predict prognosis in middle cerebral artery infarction?