Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Not all changes in matter involve chemical reactions. For example, there are no chemical reactions involved in changes of state. When liquid water freezes or evaporates, it is still water. No bonds are broken and no new products are formed. Q: Changes of state of matter do not involve what type of reaction? A:
OPTIONS:
- gaseous reaction
- radiation
- mechanical reaction
- chemical reaction
Answer: chemical reaction

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The physical behavior of gases is explained by the kinetic theory of gases. Q: What theory explains the physical behavior of gases? A:
OPTIONS:
- thermodynamic theory of gases
- relativity theory of gases
- quantum theory of gases
- kinetic theory of gases
output: kinetic theory of gases

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: respiratory system disease in which air passages of the lungs periodically become too narrow, making breathing difficult. Q: What makes breathing difficult due to respiratory system disease? A:

OPTIONS:
- weak lungs
- slippery air passages
- water in the lungs
- narrow air passages

A: narrow air passages

input: OPTIONS:
- mutated
- resistant
- autosome
- recombinant Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Located at intervals along the synaptonemal complex are large protein assemblies called recombination nodules. These assemblies mark the points of later chiasmata and mediate the multistep process of crossoveror genetic recombinationbetween the non-sister chromatids. Near the recombination nodule on each chromatid, the double-stranded DNA is cleaved, the cut ends are modified, and a new connection is made between the non-sister chromatids. As prophase I progresses, the synaptonemal complex begins to break down and the chromosomes begin to condense. When the synaptonemal complex is gone, the homologous chromosomes remain attached to each other at the centromere and at chiasmata. The chiasmata remain until anaphase I. The number of chiasmata varies according to the species and the length of the chromosome. There must be at least one chiasma per chromosome for proper separation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I, but there may be as many as 25. Following crossover, the synaptonemal complex breaks down and the cohesin connection between homologous pairs is also removed. At the end of prophase I, the pairs are held together only at the chiasmata (Figure 11.3) and are called tetrads because the four sister chromatids of each pair of homologous chromosomes are now visible. The crossover events are the first source of genetic variation in the nuclei produced by meiosis. A single crossover event between homologous non-sister chromatids leads to a reciprocal exchange of equivalent DNA between a maternal chromosome and a paternal chromosome. Now, when that sister chromatid is moved into a gamete cell it will carry some DNA from one parent of the individual and some DNA from the other parent. The sister recombinant chromatid has a combination of maternal and paternal genes that did not exist before the crossover. Multiple crossovers in an arm of the chromosome have the same effect, exchanging segments of DNA to create recombinant chromosomes. Q: Dna segments cross over to form what kind of chromosome? A:
A:
output: recombinant

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Unfortunately, the layer of good ozone is being destroyed by air pollution. The chief culprits are chlorine and bromine gases. They are released in aerosol sprays, coolants, and other products. Loss of ozone has created an ozone hole over Antarctica. Ozone depletion results in higher levels of UV radiation reaching Earth. In humans, this increases skin cancers and eye cataracts. It also disturbs the nitrogen cycle, kills plankton, and disrupts ocean food webs. The total loss of the ozone layer would be devastating to most life. Its rate of loss has slowed with restrictions on pollutants, but it is still at risk. Q: Chlorine and bromine gases released into the atmosphere have helped damage what layer of the atmosphere? A:

OPTIONS:
- stratospheric layer
- carbon layer
- polluted layer
- ozone layer

Answer: ozone layer

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: All types of radioactive decay pose risks to living things, but alpha decay is the least dangerous. That's because alpha particles are relatively heavy, so they can travel only a few centimeters through the air. They also are not very penetrating. For example, they can't pass through a sheet of paper or thin layer of clothing. They may burn the skin, but they can't penetrate to the tissues underneath the skin. However, if alpha particles are emitted inside the body, they can do more damage. One way this can happen is by inhaling cigarette smoke. People who smoke actually inhale the radioactive element polonium-210. It undergoes alpha decay in the lungs. Over time, exposure to alpha particles may cause lung cancer. Q: What type of radioactive decay is generally only dangerous when emitted inside the body? A:

OPTIONS:
- ionic decay
- variant decay
- nucleus decay
- alpha decay

A:
alpha decay