Q: However, few of the treaty provisions were ever fulfilled. The Tatar raids resumed in 1618 , as commanders of the Dobruja and Budjak Hordes left Iskender's camp during talks. At first, Zokiewki could not divide forces and Tatars plundered unopposed, but he met the Iskender Pasha's force near Kamianets-Podilskyi . On September 28, 1618, he drove it back while enduring heavy losses. In 1617 and 1619 Zokiewski forced Cossacks to sign a new agreements . Boats were to be burnt and raids were forbidden. In exchange, the Cossack register was expanded, and the annual subsidy to Cossacks from the Crown was increased. However, Cossack raids did not cease, especially as they were encouraged by Muscovy. In July 1618, after many warnings to the Commonwealth, the young and ambitious sultan Osman II send a letter to king Sigismund III with the threats of a new war and the burning of Krakow. Since the Ottomans were involved in large-scale war with Persia, this was no more than a warning at the time. However, Osman planned for a war against the Commonwealth, in order to compensate for the heavy losses sustained against Persia, where, in the Ottoman-Persian Wars of 1603-1611 and 1617-1618/1619, the Ottoman Empire lost the Caucasus.
How many total years did the Ottoman-Persian Wars last?
A: 9

Problem: The population of Western Asia was estimated at 272 million as of 2008, projected to reach 370 million by 2030 by Maddison . This corresponds to an annual growth rate of 1.4% , well above the world average of 0.9% .The population of Western Asia is estimated at about 4% of world population, up from about 39 million at the beginning of the 20th century, or about 2% of world population at the time. The most populous countries in the region are Turkey and Iran and, each with around 79 million people, followed by Iraq and Saudi Arabia with around 33 million people each. Numerically, Western Asia is predominantly Arab, Persian, Turkish, and the dominating languages are correspondingly Arabic, Persian and Turkish, each with of the order of 70 million speakers, followed by smaller communities of Kurdish, Azerbaijani, Hebrew, Armenian and Eastern Aramaic. The dominance of Arabic and Turkish is the result of the medieval Arab and Turkic invasions beginning with the Islamic conquests of the 7th century AD, which displaced the formerly dominant Aramaic and Hebrew in the Levant, and Greek in Anatolia, although Hebrew is once again the dominant language in Israel, and Aramaic and Greek both remain present in their respective territories as minority languages. Other significant native minorities include Assyrians, Druze, Jews, Mandeans, Maronites, Shabaks, Syriac Arameans, Lurs and Yezidis.
Answer this question based on the article: What are thought to be the second most populated counties in Western Asia?
A: Iraq and Saudi Arabia

Question:
Coming off their road win over the Lions, the Giants went home for a Week 12 intraconference duel with the Minnesota Vikings. In the first quarter, New York trailed early as Vikings QB Tarvaris Jackson completed a 60-yard TD pass to WR Sidney Rice. The Giants responded with RB Reuben Droughns getting a 1-yard TD run. Minnesota retook the lead with safety Darren Sharper returning an interception 20 yards for a touchdown. In the second quarter, Vikings' RB Chester Taylor got an 8-yard TD run, along with kicker Ryan Longwell making a 46-yard field goal. In the third quarter, Giants' kicker Lawrence Tynes made a 48-yard field goal, and Minnesota's Longwell made a 26-yard field goal. In the fourth quarter, the Vikings' safety Dwight Smith returned an interception 93 yards for a touchdown, along with LB Chad Greenway returning an interception 37 yards for a touchdown. New York's QB Eli Manning completed a 6-yard TD pass to WR Plaxico Burress to complete the scoring. Eli Manning was intercepted four times (with three of his interceptions being returned for touchdowns). He became the third NFL QB since 1970 to have three interceptions get returned for touchdowns. His performance was all the more embarrassing as the Vikings had the league's worst pass defense in 2007 (albeit with the league's strongest run defense), and were playing in this game without starting corner Antoine Winfield.

Which team was winning at the end of the first quarter?

Answer:
Minnesota

Q: The Livonian Master, like the grandmaster of the Teutonic Order, was elected by his fellow knights for a life term. The grandmaster exercised supervisory powers and his advice was considered equal to a command. The grandmaster of Teutonic knights did not limit local autonomy, he rarely visited Livonia or sent ambassadors for oversight. Hermann Balk 1237-1238Dietrich von Gruningen 1238-1242Dietrich von Gruningen 1244-1246 Andreas von Stierland 1248-1253Anno von Sangershausen 1253-1256Burchard von Hornhausen 1256-1260Werner von Breithausen 1261-1263Konrad von Mandern 1263-1266Otto von Lutterberg 1266-1270Walther von Nortecken 1270-1273Ernst von Rassburg 1273-1279 Konrad von Feuchtwangen 1279-1281Wilken von Endorp 1281-1287Konrad von Herzogenstein 1288-1290Halt von Hohembach-1293Heinrich von Dinkelaghe 1295-1296Bruno 1296-1298Gottfried von Rogga 1298-1307Gerhard van Joeck 1309-1322Johannes Ungenade 1322-1324Reimar Hane 1324-1328Everhard von Monheim 1328-130Burchard von Dreileben 1340-1345Goswin von Hercke 1345-1359Arnold von Vietinghof 1359-1364Wilhelm von Vrymersheim 1364-1385Robin von Eltz 1385-1389Wennemar Hasenkamp von Bruggeneye 1389-1401Konrad von Vietinghof 1401-1413Diderick Tork 1413-1415Siegfried Lander von Spanheim 1415-1424Zisse von Rutenberg 1424-1433Franco Kerskorff 1433-1435Heinrich von Bockenvorde 1435-1437Heinrich Vinke von Overbergen 1438-1450Johann Osthoff von Mengede 1450-1469Johann Wolthuss von Herse 1470-1471Bernd von der Borch 1471-1483Johann Freytag von Loringhoven 1483-1494Wolter von Plettenberg 1494-1535Hermann Hasenkamp von Bruggeneye 1535-1549Johann von der Recke 1549-1551Heinrich von Galen 1551-1557Johann Wilhelm von Furstenberg 1557-1559Godert Kettler 1559-1561
How many years was Gerhard van Joeck a Master of the Livonian order for?
A:
13