Question: where s is the distance between point z and point .
Answer: --> where s is the distance between point Z and point .

Question: once upon a time there was this girl, she was 11 years old.
Answer: --> Once upon a time there was this girl, she was 11 years old.

Question: - concerning the author's book-series on the historical moses - this for introducing the vol. 2's appendix.
Answer:
--> - concerning the author's Book-series on the historical Moses - this for introducing the Vol. 2's Appendix.