input: Please answer the following: Information: - Ascesis: The Saviors of God (Greek and Latin: . ) is a series of "spiritual exercises" written by Greek author Nikos Kazantzakis. It was first written between 1922 and 1923, while staying in Vienna and Berlin, and subsequently published in 1927 in the Athenian magazine "Anayennisi" ("Renaissance"). The text was later revised on various occasions and reached its final state in 1944. - Zorba the Greek ( "Vios ke Politia tou Alexi Zorba", Life and Times of Alexis Zorbas) is a novel written by the Cretan author Nikos Kazantzakis, first published in 1946. It is the tale of a young Greek intellectual who ventures to escape his bookish life with the aid of the boisterous and mysterious Alexis Zorba. The novel was adapted into a successful 1964 film of the same name by Michael Cacoyannis as well as a 1968 musical, "Zorba". - Christ Recrucified ( , ' Christ is Recrucified ' ) is a 1954 novel by Nikos Kazantzakis . - The Last Temptation of Christ or The Last Temptation (Greek: ) is a historical novel written by Nikos Kazantzakis, first published in 1955. It was first published in English in 1960. It follows the life of Jesus Christ from Jesus's own perspective. The novel has been the subject of a great deal of controversy due to its subject matter, and appears regularly on lists of banned books. - Nikos Kazantzakis (; 18 February 188326 October 1957) was a Greek writer, celebrated for his novels, which include "Zorba the Greek" (published 1946 as "Life and Times of Alexis Zorbas"), "Christ Recrucified" (1948), "Captain Michalis" (1950, translated 'Freedom or Death), and "The Last Temptation of Christ" (1955). He also wrote plays, travel books, memoirs and philosophical essays such as "The Saviors of God: Spiritual Exercises". - Captain Michalis is a 1953 novel by the Greek writer Nikos Kazantzakis. It is known as Freedom and Death in the United Kingdom. The writer was influenced by his early years on the island of Crete and uses explicit Cretan Greek words and the Cretan idiom in a way that preserves it untouched. It is one of the most widely read books of modern Greek literature which has been translated and published in several languages. Given the information, choose the subject and object entities that have the relation of 'publication date'.
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output: christ recrucified , 1950
input question: Information: - Liguria (]) is a coastal region of north-western Italy; its capital is Genoa. The region is popular with tourists for its beaches, towns and cuisine. - Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe. Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy shares open land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, San Marino and Vatican City. Italy covers an area of and has a largely temperate seasonal climate and Mediterranean climate; due to its shape, it is often referred to in Italy as "lo Stivale" (the Boot). With 61 million inhabitants, it is the fourth most populous EU member state. - Christopher Columbus ( 20 May 1506) was an Italian explorer, navigator, colonizer, and citizen of the Republic of Genoa. Under the auspices of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain, he completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean. Those voyages and his efforts to establish permanent settlements on the island of Hispaniola initiated the European colonization of the New World. - A republic (from ) is a sovereign state, country, or government which is organized with a form of government in which power resides in elected individuals representing the citizen body and government leaders exercise power according to the rule of law. In modern times, the definition of a republic commonly refers to a government which excludes a monarch. Currently, 147 of the world's 206 sovereign states use the word "republic" as part of their official names; not all of these are republics in the sense of having elected governments, nor do all nations with elected governments use the word "republic" in their names. - The Republic of Genoa (/re'pybrika 'de 'ze:na/, Latin: "Res Publica Ianuensis") was an independent state from 1005 to 1797 in Liguria on the northwestern Italian coast, incorporating Corsica from 1347 to 1768, and numerous other territories throughout the Mediterranean. - The Catholic Monarchs is the joint title used in history for Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon. They were both from the House of Trastamara and were second cousins, being both descended from John I of Castile; on marriage they were given a papal dispensation to deal with consanguinity by Sixtus IV. They married on October 19, 1469, in the city of Valladolid; Isabella was eighteen years old and Ferdinand a year younger; this marriage united both kingdoms under one crown. It is generally accepted by most scholars (John Elliott being an English-speaking example) that the unification of Spain can essentially be traced back to the marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella. Some newer historical opinions propose that under their rule, what later became Spain was still a union of two crowns rather than a unitary state, as to a large degree Castile and Aragon remained separate kingdoms, with most of their own separate institutions, for decades to come. The court of Ferdinand and Isabella was constantly on the move, in order to bolster local support for the crown from local feudal lords. - The exact ethnic or national origin of Christopher Columbus ( 1451 - 1506 ) has been a source of speculation since the 19th century . It is generally agreed upon by historians that Columbus ' family was from the coastal region of Liguria , that he spent his boyhood and early youth in the Republic of Genoa , in Genoa , in Vico Diritto , and that he subsequently lived in Savona , where his father Domenico moved in 1470 . Much of this evidence derives from data concerning Columbus ' immediate family connections in Genoa and opinions voiced by contemporaries concerning his Genoese origins , which few dispute . - Spain, officially the Kingdom of Spain, is a sovereign state largely located on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe, with two large archipelagos, the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea and the Canary Islands off the North African Atlantic coast, two cities Ceuta and Melilla in the North African mainland and several small islands in the Alboran Sea near the Moroccan coast. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean. It is the only European country to have a border with an African country (Morocco) and its African territory accounts for nearly 5% of its population, mostly in the Canary Islands but also in Ceuta and Melilla. Given the information, choose the subject and object entities that have the relation of 'occupation'.???
output answer:
origin theories of christopher columbus , explorer