Political corruption is the use of powers by government officials for illegitimate private gain. An illegal act by an officeholder constitutes political corruption only if the act is directly related to their official duties, is done under color of law or involves trading in influence.

Forms of corruption vary, but include bribery, extortion, cronyism, nepotism, gombeenism, parochialism patronage, influence peddling, graft, and embezzlement. Corruption may facilitate criminal enterprise such as drug trafficking, money laundering, and human trafficking, though is not restricted to these activities. Misuse of government power for other purposes, such as repression of political opponents and general police brutality, is also considered political corruption.

The activities that constitute illegal corruption differ depending on the country or jurisdiction. For instance, some political funding practices that are legal in one place may be illegal in another. In some cases, government officials have broad or ill-defined powers, which make it difficult to distinguish between legal and illegal actions. Worldwide, bribery alone is estimated to involve over 1 trillion US dollars annually. A state of unrestrained political corruption is known as a kleptocracy, literally meaning "rule by thieves". What are the answers to this following set of questions: 1. Is the article about something positive?
2. How many types of corruption are mentioned?
3. What illegal actions could corruption help?
4. Do those have to be involved for it to be corruption?
5. Is it defined precisely the same way everywhere?
6. When can it be hard to tell if something is corruption?
7. Much much money is moved this way, around the world?
8. How often?
9. What term means the people in power can steal?
10. If cops act too aggressively, can that be called corruption?
11. What kind?
12. What is something that may be allowed in some areas but not in others according to the article?
13. What does the article mention about corruption in terms of government enemies?
14. If a politican does something corrupt in their personal life, is that political corruption?
15. What kind of people can be involved in political corruption?
16. What do they do it for?
17. Exchange of what would be called corruption?
18. Is bribery common worldwide?
19. What is the most popular form of corruption?
20. Is all corruption the same?
Answer: 1. No
2. Nine
3. drug trafficking, money laundering, and human trafficking
4. No
5. No
6. When government officials have broad or ill-defined powers
7. 1 trillion US dollars
8. annually
9. kleptocracy
10. Yes
11. political corruption
12. some political funding practices
13. repression of political opponents is political corruption
14. No
15. government officials
16. for private gain
17. influence
18. Yes
19. unknown
20. No

Daylight saving time (DST) or summer time is the practice of advancing clocks during summer months by one hour so that in the evening daylight is experienced an hour longer, while sacrificing normal sunrise times. Typically, regions with summer time adjust clocks forward one hour close to the start of spring and adjust them backward in the autumn to standard time.

New Zealander George Hudson proposed the modern idea of daylight saving in 1895. Germany and Austria-Hungary organized the first nationwide implementation, starting on 30 April 1916. Many countries have used it at various times since then, particularly since the energy crisis of the 1970s.

The practice has received both advocacy and criticism. Putting clocks forward benefits retailing, sports, and other activities that exploit sunlight after working hours, but can cause problems for evening entertainment and for other activities tied to sunlight, such as farming. Although some early proponents of DST aimed to reduce evening use of incandescent lighting, which used to be a primary use of electricity, modern heating and cooling usage patterns differ greatly and research about how DST affects energy use is limited or contradictory. What are the answers to this following set of questions: 1. Whose idea was daylight saving time?
2. What's another name for it?
3. Is it agreed that it's an electricity saving method.
4. What's one industry it causes real problems for?
5. Which countries used it first?
6. Is there a common abbreviation for it?
7. What is that?
8. Do you set the clock forward or back in the fall?
9. Where was George Hudson from?
10. And when did Germany start using DST?
Answer: 1. George Hudson
2. summer time
3. no
4. evening entertainment
5. Germany and Austria-Hungary
6. yes
7. DST
8. back
9. New Zealand
10. on 30 April 1916

Everyone has his own birthday. People in different countries celebrate their birthdays in different ways. Here are four people from different countries. They will tell us how they celebrate their birthdays in their countries. Sandy Morrison comes from Madrid . He says happily, "My twenty-first birthday is on a Saturday, and I'm going to go out with some friends. To wish me a happy birthday, they are going to pull(,)on my ear, once for each year. It is an old custom . Some people pull on the ear just once, but my friends are very traditional ." Mr. and Mrs. Sato are from Tokyo. Mr. Sato is going to be sixty tomorrow. In Japan, the sixtieth birthday is called Kanreki---it's the beginning of a new life. The colour red is for a new life, so they always give something red for a sixtieth birthday. Mrs Sato says, "What am I going to give my husband? I can't say. It's a surprise ." Li Xiaomei from Beijing feels very excited and tells us. "Tomorrow is my sixteenth birthday. It's a special birthday. So we're going to have a family party. I'm probably going to get some money in 'lucky' envelopes from my relatives. My mother is going to cook noodles --- noodles are for a long life." Phillip Evans, from Paris, smiles to us, "I'm going to be thirty next week, so I'm going to invite three very good friends out to dinner. In France, when you have birthday, you often invite people out. In some countries, I know it's the opposite---- people take you out." What are the answers to this following set of questions: 1. Where does Mr. Sato live?
2. How old will he be?
3. Is there a special word for that milestone?
4. What is it?
5. Meaning?
6. What color represents this concept?
7. How old will Sandy be?
8. Where does she live?
9. What will her friends do?
10. How many times?
11. Who is turning 16?
12. What gift is she expecting?
13. from whom?
14. Who will prepare noodles?
15. What do they represent?
16. Where is Phillip from?
17. How will he celebrate?
18. Who's buying?
19. How old will he be?
20. Which person will be the oldest tomorrow?
Answer:
1. Tokyo
2. 60
3. Yes
4. Kanreki
5. the beginning of a new life.
6. Red
7. 21
8. Madrid
9. Pull on her ear
10. once for each year.
11. Li Xiaomei
12. money
13. her relatives
14. Her mother
15. a long life
16. Paris
17. He'll go to dinner with three friends
18. Phillip
19. 30
20. Mr. Sato