input question: Information: - Commonwealth Writers ( established in 2011 ) is the cultural initiative of the Commonwealth Foundation . It aims to inspire , develop and connect writers across the Commonwealth . Its flagship is a literary award for short stories , the Commonwealth Short Story Prize , and a website . As the Commonwealth Foundation 's cultural programme , Commonwealth Writers works in partnership with international literary organisations , the wider cultural industries and civil society to help writers develop their craft . Partners include the BBC World Service , the British Council , English PEN , Granta , Hay Festival , the Prince Claus Fund , the Sigrid Rausing Trust , the Brunel University African Poetry Prize , and others . - The Commonwealth Short Story Prize is awarded annually for the best piece of unpublished short fiction (2,000 - 5,000 words). The prize is open to Commonwealth citizens aged 18 and over. The Commonwealth Short Story Prize is managed by Commonwealth Writers, the cultural initiative of the Commonwealth Foundation, which was set up in 2012 to inspire, develop and connect writers and storytellers across the Commonwealth. The Prize replaced the Commonwealth Short Story Competition, a roughly similar competition that existed from 1996 to 2011 and was discontinued by the Commonwealth Foundation, along with the Commonwealth Writers' Prize. - The Commonwealth Foundation is an intergovernmental organisation that was established by the Commonwealth Heads of Government in 1966, a year after its sister organisation, the Commonwealth Secretariat. The Foundation is located at Marlborough House in London, a former royal palace which was assigned for the use of these Commonwealth institutions by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, Head of the Commonwealth. Given the information, choose the subject and object entities that have the relation of 'inception'.???
output answer: commonwealth writers , 2012
Problem: Given the question: Information: - The August Frank memorandum of 26 September 1942 was a directive from SS Lieutenant General ( Obergruppenfuhrer ) August Frank of the SS concentration camp administration department . The memorandum provides a measure of the detailed planning that Frank and other Nazis put into the carrying out of The Holocaust . For example , it includes instructions as to the disposition of postage stamp collections and underwear of the murdered Jews . It is clear that the Nazis were intent in removing everything of value from their murdered victims , and indeed , went further than the memo itself . Hair , for example , was removed before execution to be made into mattresses . The memorandum contains an instruction that the yellow stars that the Nazis forced the Jews to wear on their clothing were to be removed before the clothing was redistributed to ethnic Germans whom the Nazis were resettling into occupied Poland . This memorandum , when it came to light after the war , played a key role in refuting Frank 's claims that he had no knowledge that Jews were being murdered en masse in the extermination camps of Operation Reinhard . It is also notable as an example of the use of the Nazi euphemism '' evacuation '' of the Jews , which meant their systematic murder . - August Franz Frank (5 April 1898 21 March 1984) was Nazi German official of the SS Main Economic Administration Office, generally known by its initials WVHA. The WVHA was, among other things, responsible for the administration of the Nazi concentration camps. After the war, the higher WVHA officials, including Frank, were placed on trial for, and convicted of, war crimes and crimes against humanity. - Edmund Heines (21 July 1897, Munich 30 June 1934, Stadelheim Prison) was a Nazi Party leader and Ernst Rohm's deputy in the Sturmabteilung or SA. - Viktor Lutze (28 December 1890 2 May 1943) was the commander of the "Sturmabteilung" ("SA") succeeding Ernst Rohm as "Stabschef". He died from injuries received in a car accident. Lutze was given an elaborate state funeral in Berlin on 7 May 1943. - Creation and history. The rank of "Obergruppenfuhrer" was created in 1932 by Ernst Rohm and was intended as a senior most rank of the Nazi stormtroopers for use by and his top SA generals. In its initial concept, the rank was intended to be held by members of the "Oberste SA-Fuhrung" (Supreme SA Command) and also by veteran commanders of certain "SA-Gruppen" (SA groups). Some of the early promotions to the rank included Ernst Rohm, Viktor Lutze, Edmund Heines, August Schneidhuber, and Fritz Ritter von Krausser. - Crimes against humanity are certain acts that are deliberately committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against any civilian population or an identifiable part of a population. The first prosecution for crimes against humanity took place at the Nuremberg trials. Crimes against humanity have since been prosecuted by other international courts such as the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia and the International Criminal Court, as well as in domestic prosecutions. The law of crimes against humanity has primarily developed through the evolution of customary international law. Crimes against humanity are not codified in an international convention, although there is currently an international effort to establish such a treaty, led by the Crimes Against Humanity Initiative. - Nazi Germany maintained concentration camps (KZ or KL) throughout the territories it controlled before and during the Second World War. The first Nazi camps were erected in Germany in March 1933 immediately after Hitler became Chancellor and his Nazi Party was given control over the police through Reich Interior Minister Wilhelm Frick and Prussian Acting Interior Minister Hermann Goring. Used to hold and torture political opponents and union organizers, the camps initially held around 45,000 prisoners. - A war crime is an act that constitutes a serious violation of the law of war that gives rise to individual criminal responsibility. Examples of war crimes include intentionally killing civilians or prisoners, torture, destroying civilian property, taking hostages, perfidy, rape, using child soldiers, pillaging, declaring that no quarter will be given, and using weapons that cause superfluous injury or unnecessary suffering. - Early career. Ernst Rohm was born in Munich, the youngest of three children (older sister and brother) of and . His father, a railway official, was described as a "harsh man". Although the family had no military tradition, Rohm entered the Royal Bavarian 10th Infantry Regiment ' at as a cadet on 23 July 1906 and was commissioned on 12 March 1908. At the outbreak of World War I in August 1914, he was adjutant of the 1st Battalion, 10th Infantry Regiment '. The following month, he was seriously wounded in the face at Wood in Lorraine and carried the scars for the rest of his life. He was promoted to first lieutenant (') in April 1915. During an attack on the fortification at , on 23 June 1916, he sustained a serious chest wound and spent the remainder of the war in France and Romania as a staff officer. He had been awarded the Iron Cross First Class on 20 June 1916, three days before being wounded at , and was promoted to captain (') in April 1917. In October 1918, while serving on the Staff of the ", he contracted the deadly Spanish influenza and was not expected to live, but survived and recovered after a lengthy convalescence. Given the information, choose the subject and object entities that have the relation of 'instance of'.
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The answer is:
august frank memorandum , treaty