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Read the vacuum's instructions. Unplug the vacuum. Take apart the vacuum cleaner. Empty the canister. Wet a cloth. Wipe down the vacuum. Wash the filter. Allow everything to dry in a warm spot for a day.
There is a lot of variability between vacuums. Before cleaning yours, read the instructions for directions on how to break apart and clean your vacuum. It can be hazardous to apply water to the vacuum when it is plugged in. None of these steps should be executed while the vacuum is plugged into an outlet, even if it is turned off. You will need to be able to reach around all the insides of the vacuum to clean it up. Remove the canister and take the filter out. Break down any moving parts that can be deconstructed. Open the canister and drop the insides into a garbage bag. Consider performing this outside or in the garage to avoid spreading dust or dirt around your house. You might need to shake the canister to help jostle some of the dirt out of it. Wet a microfiber cloth. Apply a little bit of all-purpose cleaner or vinegar mix to the cloth. Squeeze the cloth to remove all excess moisture. Use the cloth to rub down the outside and the inside of the canister. Wipe down all parts of the vacuum that are accessible, including the cord and the outside of the hose. Do not, however, apply moisture to the plug itself or any other electrified components. The filter is generally at the top of the canister and is one of the most important parts of the vacuum. Remove it from the canister and run cold water over it. Do not use soap. Let water run through it until no more dirt or grime is coming off. It is particularly important that you not reinsert components of the canister, like the filter, until they have dried. Putting moist objects in a confined space can encourage the growth of bacteria. Leave the vacuum out in the sun, if possible.