Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: There are two common ways to measure pH. When only an approximate pH value is needed, an inexpensive test involves the use of acid-base indicators , which change color based on the relative acidity of the solution. One type of common indicator is litmus paper. For example, if a piece of litmus paper is dipped into an acidic solution (pH below ~4.5), it will turn red, and dipping it into a basic solution (pH above ~8.5) will turn it blue. Solutions of intermediate pH will result in various shades of purple. Because different indicators change color at different pH values, the use of multiple indicators can generally narrow down the possible pH of a solution to a range of about 0.5-1 pH units. Figure below shows the colors exhibited by various indicators at different pH values. Q: How does litmus paper indicate the ph value of a solution? A:

Pick your answer from: I. by texture; II. by shape; III. by smell; IV. by color;
The answer is:
IV.