CHAPTER XI.

Ike Watson's Arrival

Let us go back to Allen.

We left him just as the sound made by Paul's horse aroused the leader of the horse thieves, whose full name was Saul Mangle.

"The feller that went over into the river, as sure as fate!" burst from the lips of Mangle, and he started back in astonishment.

"Impossible!" cried Darry, the second man. "That feller must have been killed!"

"See for yourself."

With these words Saul Mangle sprang forward to stop Allen, who was about to mount Jasper. He reached the young man's side as Allen gained the saddle.

"Come down out of that!" he cried, roughly.

"Not much!" returned the young man. "Clear the track, unless you want to be run down!"

He urged the horse forward. Jasper started, but ere he had taken three steps, Mangle caught him by the bridle.

"Whoa!" he cried. "Whoa, I say!"

"Let the horse go, do you hear?" ejaculated Allen, sharply.

"I won't do it! Darry! Jeff! Come here, why don't you?"

The others leaped into the brush. Allen saw that affairs were turning against him. He leaned forward to Jasper's neck.

Smack! Mangle caught a sharp blow full across his mouth. It came so quickly that he staggered back and his hold was loosened.

"On, Jasper, on, my boy!" cried Allen, slapping the animal with his palm. "Come, Rush! Come, Rush!" he added to Chet's horse, which stood close beside.

Off went Jasper with a bound, and Rush followed at his heels. What are the answers to this following set of questions: 1. Who was the leader of the horse thieves?
2. Who was named Jasper?
3. Who was trying to ride him?
4. How did Mangle prevent him from escaping?
5. What did he cry when he grabbed the horse?
6. Who did he ask to help?
7. Anyone else?
8. Was there another horse?
9. what was it's name?
10. Who did it belong to?
11. Did the horse follow them?
12. What did the men think had happened to Allen?
13. did they think he survived?
14. What did he threaten to do if the men didn't clear the path?
15. Where were Derry and Jeff when the leader called for help?
16. What did Allen say when his horse's reigns were grabbed?
17. which section of the book is this?
Answer: 1. Saul Mangle
2. a horse
3. Allen
4. he caught him by the bridle
5. Whoa!
6. Jeff
7. Darry
8. yes
9. Rush
10. Che
11. yes
12. they thought he went over into the river
13. no
14. run them down
15. into the brush
16. Let the horse go, do you hear
17. CHAPTER XI.

Phonology is a branch of linguistics concerned with the systematic organization of sounds in languages. It has traditionally focused largely on the study of the systems of phonemes in particular languages (and therefore used to be also called phonemics, or phonematics), but it may also cover any linguistic analysis either at a level beneath the word (including syllable, onset and rime, articulatory gestures, articulatory features, mora, etc.) or at all levels of language where sound is considered to be structured for conveying linguistic meaning. Phonology also includes the study of equivalent organizational systems in sign languages.

The word phonology (as in the phonology of English) can also refer to the phonological system (sound system) of a given language. This is one of the fundamental systems which a language is considered to comprise, like its syntax and its vocabulary.

Phonology is often distinguished from phonetics. While phonetics concerns the physical production, acoustic transmission and perception of the sounds of speech, phonology describes the way sounds function within a given language or across languages to encode meaning. For many linguists, phonetics belongs to descriptive linguistics, and phonology to theoretical linguistics, although establishing the phonological system of a language is necessarily an application of theoretical principles to analysis of phonetic evidence. Note that this distinction was not always made, particularly before the development of the modern concept of the phoneme in the mid 20th century. Some subfields of modern phonology have a crossover with phonetics in descriptive disciplines such as psycholinguistics and speech perception, resulting in specific areas like articulatory phonology or laboratory phonology. What are the answers to this following set of questions: 1. When was the concept of the phoneme put forth?
2. Does phonology usually focus on phonemes is certain languages?
3. Did phonology have a different name at one point?
4. More than one?
5. What is one of those names?
6. And the other name?
7. Is phonology commonly differentiated from something?
8. From what?
9. How many concepts does phonetics concern?
10. And one of those concepts is?
11. And another one?
12. And the last one?
13. According to people who work in the field to which brand of linguistics does phonetics belong to?
14. And does phonology belong to a specific one?
15. Which one?
16. What is a person called who works in this field?
17. Can sign languages fall under this field in linguistics?
18. Under what branch specifically?
19. Can a sound system be considered part of a fundamental system of a language?
Answer:
1. the mid 20th century.
2. yes
3. yes
4. yes
5. phonematics
6. phonemics
7. yes
8. phonetics
9. Three
10. physical production of the sounds of speech
11. the acoustic transmission of those sounds
12. The perception of the sounds
13. descriptive linguistics
14. yes
15. theoretical linguistics
16. linguist
17. yes
18. Phonology
19. yes