Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Ex Input:
A common variant of the IGF-I gene has been shown to be associated with cardiovascular disease in adulthood. The objective of this study was to examine whether this variant of the IGF-I gene is associated with blood pressure and left heart dimensions in early childhood.', 'This study was embedded in the Generation R Study, a population-based prospective cohort study from foetal life onwards. IGF-I promoter region was genotyped in DNA obtained from cord blood. Blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) and echocardiography (left ventricular mass, left atrial diameter and aortic root diameter) measurements were performed at the age of 2 years. Analyses were performed in 538 subjects.', 'Eight alleles of the IGF-I promoter region were identified. In total, 43% of the subjects were homozygous for the 192 bp allele (wild type), 46% were heterozygous and 11% were non-carriers. Significantly lower systolic and diastolic blood pressures were found in non-carrier subjects (difference compared with homozygous subjects: -4.4 (95% confidence interval (CI) -7.8 to -1.1) mmHg and -3.5 (95% CI: -6.9 to -0.1) mm respectively). No significant differences were found for left heart dimensions at the age of 2 years. No association was found when we used a previously proposed alternative classification of the IGF-I gene.

Ex Output:
1

Ex Input:
Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are uncommon and are associated with a dismal prognosis. Combinations of gemcitabine and platinum chemotherapy (gemcitabine and platinum-based therapy [GP]) form the standard approach for treating advanced BTC. To characterize the spectrum of mutations and to identify potential biomarkers for a GP response in BTC, this study evaluated the genomic landscape and assessed whether mutations affecting DNA repair were associated with GP resistance.', 'Pretreatment, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples from 183 BTC patients treated with GP were analyzed. Cox regression models were used to determine the association between mutations, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS).', 'When genes with an incidence>10% were considered, no individual gene was independently predictive of a GP response. In patients with unresectable BTC who received GP as their first-line therapy, the joint status of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A), tumor protein 53 (TP53), and AT-rich interaction domain 1A (ARID1A) was associated with PFS (P=.0004) and OS (P.0001). Patients with mutations in CDKN2A and TP53 were identified as a poor-prognosis cohort with a median PFS of 2.63 months and a median OS of 5.22 months. Patients with mutant ARID1A, regardless of the single-mutation status of TP53 or CDKN2A, had similar outcomes. A patient who exhibited mutations in all 3 genes had a median PFS of 20.37 months, and OS was not reached.

Ex Output:
0

Ex Input:
Calcipotriol ameliorates psoriasis through inducing keratinocyte apoptosis and inhibiting nuclear factor kappa B (NF-B) activation, while zinc finger protein A20 exhibits an anti-apoptotic effect on various types of cells.', 'To understand the potential role of A20 in calcipotriol function.', 'The A20 levels were evaluated in the psoriatic skins from both human patients and K14-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) transgenic mice that received or did not receive topical calcipotriol treatment. The in vitro effect of calcipotriol on A20 expression and the downstream NF-B pathway was studied using a model of human foreskin keratinocytes (HFKs) that were stimulated with psoriatic cytokines [M5, a cocktail of interleukin (IL)-1a, IL-17A, IL-22, Oncostatin M and tumour necrosis factor-, each at 10 ng mL(-1) ].', 'A20 expression was enhanced in both psoriatic tissues and keratinocytes when compared with controls, but decreased on calcipotriol treatment. The transfection of A20 small interfering RNA (siRNA) improved cell differentiation, and inhibited psoriatic inflammation in a HFK model. Moreover, the nuclear expression of NF-B p65 decreased on A20 downregulation in psoriatic tissues and keratinocytes. Interestingly, calcipotriol enhanced the binding of A20 to ring finger protein 114 (RNF114) and A20-binding inhibitor of NF-B-1 (ABIN-1) in HFKs, two negative regulators of the NF-B pathway.

Ex Output:
1