The pressure which these apparently powerful men have to endure in this the Jewish century seems to have some effect which shows in a careworn physiognomy

Can you repeat this sentence, but add in punctuation?
The "pressure" which these apparently powerful men have to endure in this, "the Jewish century," seems to have some effect which shows in a careworn physiognomy.
About half of this amount was imported

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About half of this amount was imported.
Some sailors shorten the batten and wrap up the extreme end better others replace it with an old softer batten and others again simply remove it apparently without any noticeable effects for the performance of the sail

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Some sailors shorten the batten and wrap up the extreme end better, others replace it with an old, softer batten, and others again simply remove it - apparently without any noticeable effects for the performance of the sail.