Answer the following question given this paragraph: Vitamins are organic compounds that the body needs in small amounts to function properly. Humans need 16 different vitamins. Six of them are listed in Table below . Vitamin D is made in the skin when it is exposed to sunlight. Bacteria that normally live in the gut make vitamins B12 and K. All other vitamins must come from food. The table shows good food sources of the vitamins. Q: Vitamin d is made in the skin when it is exposed to what? A:
OPTIONS:
- darkness
- water
- dirt
- sunlight

Answer: sunlight

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Water flows through all the world's oceans. Warm water from the Equator mixes with cold water from the poles. The mixing of warm and cold water makes the water temperature moderate. Q: Which water from the equator mixes with cold water from the poles? A:
OPTIONS:
- spring water
- hot
- ice water
- warm
Answer: warm

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Endocrine System: Iodine Deficiency, Hypothyroidism, and Hyperthyroidism As discussed above, dietary iodine is required for the synthesis of T3 and T4. But for much of the world's population, foods do not provide adequate levels of this mineral, because the amount varies according to the level in the soil in which the food was grown, as well as the irrigation and fertilizers used. Marine fish and shrimp tend to have high levels because they concentrate iodine from seawater, but many people in landlocked regions lack access to seafood. Thus, the primary source of dietary iodine in many countries is iodized salt. Fortification of salt with iodine began in the United States in 1924, and international efforts to iodize salt in the world's poorest nations continue today. Dietary iodine deficiency can result in the impaired ability to synthesize T3 and T4, leading to a variety of severe disorders. When T3 and T4 cannot be produced, TSH is secreted in increasing amounts. As a result of this hyperstimulation, thyroglobulin accumulates in the thyroid gland follicles, increasing their deposits of colloid. The accumulation of colloid increases the overall size of the thyroid gland, a condition called a goiter (Figure 17.14). A goiter is only a visible indication of the deficiency. Other iodine deficiency disorders include impaired growth and development, decreased fertility, and prenatal and infant death. Moreover, iodine deficiency is the primary cause of preventable mental retardation worldwide. Neonatal hypothyroidism (cretinism) is characterized by cognitive deficits, short stature, and sometimes deafness and muteness in children and adults born to mothers who were iodinedeficient during pregnancy. Q: A goiter is a visible indication of deficiency of what? A:
OPTIONS:
- arsenic
- chlorine
- water
- iodine
output: iodine

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: For example, remember that for the height gene in pea plants there are two possible factors. These factors are alleles. There is a dominant allele for tallness (T) and a recessive allele for shortness (t) . Q: What factors determine the effect of a gene? A:

OPTIONS:
- metabolites
- genomes
- ribosomes
- alleles

A: alleles

input: OPTIONS:
- electromagnetic scale
- caloric scale
- pneumatic scale
- ph scale Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Acidity is measured on a pH scale. Rain that is 5.0 or less on that scale is considered acid rain. Q: Acidity is measured on what kind of scale? A:
A:
output: ph scale

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Freely available amino acids are used to create proteins. If amino acids exist in excess, the body has no capacity or mechanism for their storage; thus, they are converted into glucose or ketones, or they are decomposed. Amino acid decomposition results in hydrocarbons and nitrogenous waste. However, high concentrations of nitrogen are toxic. The urea cycle processes nitrogen and facilitates its excretion from the body. Q: What does the urea cycle process? A:
OPTIONS:
- calcium
- urine
- oxygen
- nitrogen
Answer:
nitrogen