TASK DEFINITION: Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
PROBLEM: The main objective of this study was to analyse the outcomes after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) of a group of patients with at least one self-reported allergy and a group of patients without reported allergies. We hypothesized there is a significant negative influence on clinical outcome scores after TKA in patients with self-reported allergies.', "Four-hundred and seventy-five patients who had undergone TKA were analysed preoperatively and 1year after surgery. The WOMAC, KSS and SF-36 scores were obtained. The patients' Yesavage depression questionnaire score was also recorded. The scores of the 330 (69.5%) patients without self-reported allergies were compared to the scores of the 145 (30.5%) patients with at least one self-reported allergy in the medical record.", 'Preoperative scores were similar in both groups. The WOMAC post-operative scores (23.6 vs 20.4; p=0.037) and the KSS-Knee score (91.1 vs 87.6; p=0.027) were worse in the group of patients with self-reported allergies than in the group without allergies. The scores from the Yesavage depression questionnaire and in the SF-36 were similar in both groups.

SOLUTION: Do patient-reported allergies cause inferior outcomes after total knee arthroplasty?

PROBLEM: Unintentional injuries are the leading cause of death in children, and falls are the most common type of unintentional injury in the US. The incidence of falls from windows, a common cause of death in urban areas, has not been described outside major cities such as New York and Chicago, and rates in urban and suburban areas have not been compared.', 'To estimate the incidence and identify the population at risk for falls from windows among children in Hamilton County, Ohio.', "Retrospective case series identified using Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CHMC) Trauma Registry.", 'Hamilton County, Ohio, which has urban and nonurban areas.', 'Children less than 15 years old residing in Hamilton County, Ohio, presenting to CHMC in Cincinnati, Ohio, after a fall from a window between January 1, 1991, and December 31, 1997.', 'Annual incidence by age, race, gender, and residence of those who fell from windows.', 'Over the 7-year study period, 86 (6.3%) of 1,363 falls were from windows. The mortality rate for falls from windows was 4.7%, compared to 0.07% for all other falls presenting to CHMC (P<.0001). Children 0-4 years old had a higher rate of falls than children aged 5-14 (14.6/100,000 vs. 2.0/100,000) (P<.0001). Males were twice as likely to fall as females (P<.016), and black children were three times more likely to fall than non-black children (P<.002). The incidence of falls in the city of Cincinnati was four times that of the non-urban area (P<.0002).

SOLUTION: Does childhood injuries and deaths due to fall from windows?

PROBLEM: To evaluate the visual and anatomical outcomes of dexamethasone intravitreal implant (DXI; 700g, Ozurdex; Allergan, Irvine, California, USA) as adjunctive therapy for patients with refractory wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD).', 'Retrospective review of the medical records of seven patients (seven eyes) who initially responded well to intravitreal ranibizumab but subsequently developed persistent intra/sub-retinal fluid (IRF/SRF) and underwent a single injection of DXI, between May 2012 and May 2013. Two weeks after DXI, the patients continued with their monthly ranibizumab injections. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) and central retinal thickness (CRT) were recorded at baseline, 2weeks, 6weeks, 3months and 6months after DXI injection. Complications were recorded too.', 'All patients had at least 24months of ranibizumab treatment. Mean age was 81.55.8years. At baseline, mean BCVA was 0.530.13 logMAR (20/70 Snellen) and mean CRT was 273.1450.94m. BCVA did not change significantly after DXI over the follow-up period. However, all eyes had lost fewer than 0.3logMAR units. Complete resolution of the persistent IRF/SRF was achieved in five eyes (71.4%) at 6weeks, and remained stable at 3months. Two weeks after DXI injection, the mean CRT diminished compared with baseline (248.2831.8m; p=0.03) and the greatest reduction was observed at 3months after DXI injection (241.536.6m; p=0.04). Progression of lens opacity was detected in one case (50% of phakic eyes). Retreatment with DXI was performed in two eyes.

SOLUTION:
Do dexamethasone intravitreal implant as adjunct therapy for patients with wet age-related macular degeneration with incomplete response to ranibizumab?