Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: There is a pressure difference when the channel narrows. This pressure difference results in a net force on the fluid: recall that pressure times area equals force. The net work done increases the fluid's kinetic energy. As a result, the pressure will drop in a rapidly-moving fluid, whether or not the fluid is confined to a tube. There are a number of common examples of pressure dropping in rapidly-moving fluids. Shower curtains have a disagreeable habit of bulging into the shower stall when the shower is on. The high-velocity stream of water and air creates a region of lower pressure inside the shower, and standard atmospheric pressure on the other side. The pressure difference results in a net force inward pushing the curtain in. You may also have noticed that when passing a truck on the highway, your car tends to veer toward it. The reason is the samethe high velocity of the air between the car and the truck creates a region of lower pressure, and the vehicles are pushed together by greater pressure on the outside. (See Figure 12.4. ) This effect was observed as far back as the mid-1800s, when it was found that trains passing in opposite directions tipped precariously toward one another. Q: What is pressure times area equal to? A:

OPTIONS:
- volume
- mass
- density
- force

A: force

input: OPTIONS:
- heat energy
- nuclear energy
- mechanical energy
- potential energy Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Chemical energy and nuclear energy are other forms of potential energy. Q: Chemical energy is another form of which energy? A:
A:
output: potential energy

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Making Connections: Cosmology and Particle Physics There are many connections of cosmologyby definition involving physics on the largest scalewith particle physicsby definition physics on the smallest scale. Among these are the dominance of matter over antimatter, the nearly perfect uniformity of the cosmic microwave background, and the mere existence of galaxies. Matter versus antimatter We know from direct observation that antimatter is rare. The Earth and the solar system are nearly pure matter. Space probes and cosmic rays give direct evidencethe landing of the Viking probes on Mars would have been spectacular explosions of mutual annihilation energy if Mars were antimatter. We also know that most of the universe is dominated by matter. This is proven by the lack of annihilation radiation coming to us from space, particularly the relative absence of 0.511-MeV rays created by the mutual annihilation of electrons and positrons. It seemed possible that there could be entire solar systems or galaxies made of antimatter in perfect symmetry with our matter-dominated systems. But the interactions between stars and galaxies would sometimes bring matter and antimatter together in large amounts. The annihilation + radiation they would produce is simply not observed. Antimatter in nature is created in particle collisions and in decays, but only in small amounts that quickly annihilate, leaving almost pure matter surviving. Particle physics seems symmetric in matter and antimatter. Why isn't the cosmos? The answer is that particle physics is not quite perfectly symmetric in this regard. The decay of one of the neutral K -mesons, for example, preferentially creates more matter than antimatter. This is caused by a fundamental small asymmetry in the basic forces. This small asymmetry produced slightly. Q: The lack of annihilation radiation coming to us from space proves that the universe is dominated by what? A:

OPTIONS:
- vacuum
- energy
- space
- matter

Answer: matter

Problem: OPTIONS:
- outside organisms
- inside labs
- in the environment
- inside organisms
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Biochemical reactions are chemical reactions that take place inside living things. Two of the most important biochemical reactions are photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Q: Where do biochemical reactions occer? A:
Answer: inside organisms

Problem:OPTIONS:
- green
- purple
- pink
- blue

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Blue cheese is blue because of the fungus growing throughout it. Q: What color is the fungus in blue cheese? A:
****
A: blue

Problem:OPTIONS:
- solutes
- ionic compounds
- elements
- pure liquids

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Distillation is an effective method to separate mixtures comprised of two or more pure liquids. Distillation is a purification process in which the components of a liquid mixture are vaporized (transformed from liquid to gas) and then condensed (transformed from gas back to liquid) and isolated. In a simple distillation, a mixture is gradually heated. The solution with the lowest boiling point will change into a gas first. This gas, or vapor, then passes through a cooled tube (a condenser) where it condenses back into its liquid state. This condensed liquid is called the distillate. Figure below illustrates this. Q: Distillation is an effective method to separate mixtures comprised of two or more what? A:
****
A:
pure liquids