input: OPTIONS:
- weight
- nitrogen
- adaptation
- oxygen Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Avian Respiration Birds have evolved a respiratory system that enables them to fly. Flying is a high-energy process and requires a lot of oxygen. Furthermore, many birds fly in high altitudes where the concentration of oxygen in low. How did birds evolve a respiratory system that is so unique? Decades of research by paleontologists have shown that birds evolved from therapods, meat-eating dinosaurs (Figure 39.14). In fact, fossil evidence shows that meat-eating dinosaurs that lived more than 100 million years ago had a similar flow-through respiratory system with lungs and air sacs. Archaeopteryx and Xiaotingia, for example, were flying dinosaurs and are believed to be early precursors of birds. Q: Birds have evolved a respiratory system that enables them to fly. flying is a high-energy process and requires a lot of this? A:
A:
output: oxygen

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Like all other living cells, prokaryotes have a cell membrane. It controls what enters and leaves the cell. It's also the site of many metabolic reactions. For example, cellular respiration takes place in the cell membrane. Q: What part of the cell controls what enters and leaves? A:

OPTIONS:
- nucleus
- protein
- organism
- membrane

Answer: membrane

Problem: OPTIONS:
- electrolysis
- absorption
- hydration
- osmosis
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Blood Pressure Regulation Due to osmosis, water follows where Na+ leads. Much of the water the kidneys recover from the forming urine follows the reabsorption of Na+. ADH stimulation of aquaporin channels allows for regulation of water recovery in the collecting ducts. Normally, all of the glucose is recovered, but loss of glucose control (diabetes mellitus) may result in an osmotic dieresis severe enough to produce severe dehydration and death. A loss of renal function means a loss of effective vascular volume control, leading to hypotension (low blood pressure) or hypertension (high blood pressure), which can lead to stroke, heart attack, and aneurysm formation. The kidneys cooperate with the lungs, liver, and adrenal cortex through the reninangiotensinaldosterone system (see Figure 25.14). The liver synthesizes and secretes the inactive precursor angiotensinogen. When the blood pressure is low, the kidney synthesizes and releases renin. Renin converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I, and ACE produced in the lung converts angiotensin I into biologically active angiotensin II (Figure 25.23). The immediate and short-term effect of angiotensin II is to raise blood pressure by causing widespread vasoconstriction. angiotensin II also stimulates the adrenal. Q: Water follows where sodium ions lead, due to what process? A:
Answer: osmosis

Problem:OPTIONS:
- currents
- dew
- waves
- tides

Answer the following question given this paragraph: If you've ever visited an ocean shore, then you know that ocean water is always moving. Waves ripple through the water, as shown in Figure below . The water slowly rises and falls because of tides. You may see signs warning of currents that flow close to shore. What causes all these ocean motions? Different types of motions have different causes. Q: What is the term for when the water of the ocean slowly rises and falls? A:
****
A: tides

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Loud sounds can cause hearing loss by damaging hair cells in the inner ear. The louder the sounds are, the less exposure is needed to cause hearing loss. Q: What is damaged in the inner ear by loud sounds that cause hearing loss? A:
OPTIONS:
- tympanic membrane
- ear drum
- hammer and anvil
- hair cells
hair cells

Answer the following question given this paragraph: 18.1 How Animals Reproduce Reproduction may be asexual when one individual produces genetically identical offspring, or sexual when the genetic material from two individuals is combined to produce genetically diverse offspring. Asexual reproduction in animals occurs through fission, budding, fragmentation, and parthenogenesis. Sexual reproduction may involve fertilization inside the body or in the external environment. A species may have separate sexes or combined sexes; when the sexes are combined they may be expressed at different times in the life cycle. The sex of an individual may be determined by various chromosomal systems or environmental factors such as temperature. Sexual reproduction starts with the combination of a sperm and an egg in a process called fertilization. This can occur either outside the bodies or inside the female. The method of fertilization varies among animals. Some species release the egg and sperm into the environment, some species retain the egg and receive the sperm into the female body and then expel the developing embryo covered with shell, while still other species retain the developing offspring throughout the gestation period. Q: What type of reproduction begins when an egg and sperm combine? A:
OPTIONS:
- natural reproduction
- regular reproduction
- asexual reproduction
- sexual reproduction

Answer:
sexual reproduction