Come up with a question and reasoning that would justify [8] as the answer.
The question is: Jamie knows that once she has any more than 32 ounces of liquid she has to use the bathroom, and her teacher said that no one can use the bathroom during the math test. She remembers that she had a cup of milk at lunch and a pint of grape juice at recess. How many ounces can she drink from her water bottle during the test before she'd have to go to the bathroom? (A cup equals 8 ounces and a pint equals 16 ounces.)
Reasoning: Jamie has had 24 ounces because 8 plus 16 equals 24. She can drink 8 ounces because 32 - 24 equals 8.

Come up with a question and reasoning that would justify [40] as the answer.
The question is: Kayla and Kylie picked 200 apples total. Kayla picked 1/4 of the apples that Kylie picked. How many apples did Kayla pick?
Reasoning: Let x be the number of apples Kylie picked. Kayla picked (1 / 4)x apples. 200 = x + (1 / 4)x. 200 = (5 / 4)x. 200(4 / 5) = 160 = x apples. Kayla picked (1 / 4)(160) = 40 apples.

Come up with a question and reasoning that would justify [15] as the answer.
The question is: Lisa, Jack, and Tommy earned $60 from washing cars all week. However, half of the $60 was earned by Lisa. Tommy earned half of what Lisa earned. How much more money did Lisa earn than Tommy?
Reasoning: Lisa earned $60 * 1 / 2 = $30. Tommy earned $30 * 1 / 2 = $15. Lisa earned $30 - $15 = $15 more than Tommy.