Problem: Article: If you come across an emergency medical situation where people are injured, immediately call for an ambulance if nobody else has. Time is of the essence, so get help on the way first, then assess the injuries and deliver basic first aid while you're waiting for help to arrive. Precious lost minutes can make the difference between life and death, regardless of your level of first aid training. Even if people are seemingly not seriously injured, you should still call 9-1-1 for help because you'll be unable to make an appropriate diagnosis due to either lack of training or necessary medical equipment. No one expects you to play doctor and fix any injuries. Focus on getting help to arrive and doing the basics stopping any serious bleeding, offering support and trying to prevent shock (see below). Before you approach the injured person to administer first aid, you need to take a moment to look around and make sure there is no immediate danger. If you rush into a scene without checking for threats to your safety like a downed electrical wire, falling debris, or a dangerous person you may become injured yourself. Then all you have accomplished is giving emergency personnel two people to rescue instead of one. Once trained emergency medical help is called and on the way, assess whether an injured person is unconscious and/or not breathing. If the person is not breathing, giving her CPR is your top priority. Check the person's airway to see if it's blocked before giving CPR. Don't check for broken bones until the person is revived and breathing. If you do not have CPR training, you should not worry about administering rescue breaths focus on chest compressions instead. If you are trained and confident in your abilities, then proceed with CPR that includes rescue breathing. Carefully position the person on her back and kneel next beside her, near her shoulders. Place the heel of your hand on the person's breastbone, between her nipples. Place your other hand on top of your first hand and use all your body weight to press down on the chest. Administer chest compressions at a rate of about 100 pumps per minute (imagine pressing to the rhythm of the Bee Gee's song "Stayin' Alive"). Give chest compressions until help arrives. If you become tired, see if someone can switch off with you. If you are trained in CPR, then check the person's airway after 30 compressions and begin to deliver rescue breathing. Once help is on the way, the person is breathing, bleeding is under control and you've stabilized any broken bones, you need to remain vigilant for shock. Shock is a physiological response to loss of blood, injury and pain, which can quickly become fatal if not properly addressed. Signs to look out for include: feeling faint, rapid shallow breathing, low blood pressure, confusion, strange / inappropriate behavior, loss of consciousness. To combat shock: control bleeding first, lay the person down with his head slightly lower than his torso, elevate his legs, keep him warm with a blanket and offer him liquids to drink if he is able. Calm him down by not panicking yourself and make sure he knows that help is on the way. Reassure him that he'll be okay (even if you don't think he will be) and distract him from looking at his injuries.
Summary: Call for help. Survey the scene. Determine if the person is breathing. Watch for shock.

In one sentence, describe what the following article is about: It's important to give your Cavalier new experiences, especially while he's still very young (before 18 weeks old). He'll consider the new sights and sounds to be normal which can help build his confidence. This socialization will also prevent over-anxious behavior as he gets older. Make sure your Cavalier meets a wide range of people, dogs, and experiences. You can take your dog to a socialization class run by your vet or a reputable trainer in the area. Train your Cavalier in small doses and often. Keep the sessions to five minutes at a time and do them three times a day. Your dog will respond better to this than if you do one long half-hour session. Choose a time when your dog isn't hungry or tired, so he pays attention. Stop the session if he looses interest. Always try to end on a positive note, with a command you know your dog can do. Use a clicker to teach your dog to associate a click-clack sound with receiving a reward when he obeys a command. Practice by throwing a treat on the floor and let your Cavalier eat it. As soon as he goes to the treat, press the clicker. Repeat this till he associates the click-clack sound with looking for a treat. Start giving commands and when he obeys, press the clicker as his reward. For example, when your Cavalier toilets outside, immediately press the clicker so he knows he's being rewarded for toileting in the right place. When you use the clicker training, always start with a verbal command word. For example, say "Sit" and click once he follows the command. Once he's comfortable following verbal commands with the clicker reward, stop using the clicker, but continue to use verbal commands. For example, you could run a few steps away from your Cavalier while slapping your leg and calling his name. He'll instinctively want to keep close to you, so this is good practice in responding to his name. Your Cavalier will only associate punishment with you instead of the action you dislike. This can damage your relationship, actually making it harder to train him. Instead, use positive reinforcement with verbal praise and rewards like treats or exercise. If your dog misbehaves, you can firmly say "No." Avoid giving him a lot of attention or telling him off. Any attention is a reward for your dog. If your Cavalier grabs something he shouldn't and you haven't trained him to give it back, distract him with a toy or some food. Take the object while he's distracted.
Summary:
Expose your dog to others. Choose good times to train. Clicker train your dog. Use verbal commands. Never hit or yell at your dog.