Please answer this: Given the following passage "The Bithynians were a Thracian people living in northwest Anatolia. After Alexander's conquests the region of Bithynia came under the rule of the native king Bas, who defeated Calas, a general of Alexander the Great, and maintained the independence of Bithynia. His son, Zipoetes I of Bithynia maintained this autonomy against Lysimachus and Seleucus I, and assumed the title of king (basileus) in 297 BCE. His son and successor, Nicomedes I, founded Nicomedia, which soon rose to great prosperity, and during his long reign (c. 278 c. 255 BCE), as well as those of his successors, the kingdom of Bithynia held a considerable place among the minor monarchies of Anatolia. Nicomedes also invited the Celtic Galatians into Anatolia as mercenaries, and they later turned on his son Prusias I, who defeated them in battle. Their last king, Nicomedes IV, was unable to maintain himself against Mithridates VI of Pontus, and, after being restored to his throne by the Roman Senate, he bequeathed his kingdom by will to the Roman republic (74 BCE).", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: Who was Calas?
++++++++
Answer: a general
Problem: Given the following passage "Institutes of technology in Venezuela were developed in the 1950s as an option for post-secondary education in technical and scientific courses, after the polytechnic French concepts. At that time, technical education was considered essential for the development of a sound middle class economy.", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: Who wanted polytechnic schools

A: Venezuela
Problem: Given the question: Given the following passage "In some languages, such as English, aspiration is allophonic. Stops are distinguished primarily by voicing, and voiceless stops are sometimes aspirated, while voiced stops are usually unaspirated.", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: Red octagon shaped signs are intended to make what kind of vehicle manuever occur next to them?
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
The answer is:
stops
input question: Given the following passage "China's first imperial dynasty was the Qin dynasty (221206 BC). The Qin unified the Chinese Warring States by conquest, but their empire became unstable after the death of the first emperor Qin Shi Huangdi. Within four years, the dynasty's authority had collapsed in the face of rebellion. Two former rebel leaders, Xiang Yu (d. 202 BC) of Chu and Liu Bang (d. 195 BC) of Han, engaged in a war to decide who would become hegemon of China, which had fissured into 18 kingdoms, each claiming allegiance to either Xiang Yu or Liu Bang. Although Xiang Yu proved to be a capable commander, Liu Bang defeated him at Battle of Gaixia (202 BC), in modern-day Anhui. Liu Bang assumed the title "emperor" (huangdi) at the urging of his followers and is known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu (r. 202195 BC). Chang'an was chosen as the new capital of the reunified empire under Han.", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: Who died before 196 BC, Xiang Yu or Liu Bang????
output answer: Xiang Yu
Given the following passage "The linguistic heritage of the British Isles is rich, with twelve languages from six groups across four branches of the Indo-European family. The Insular Celtic languages of the Goidelic sub-group (Irish, Manx and Scottish Gaelic) and the Brittonic sub-group (Cornish, Welsh and Breton, spoken in north-western France) are the only remaining Celtic languagesthe last of their continental relations becoming extinct before the 7th century. The Norman languages of Guernesiais, Jerriais and Sarkese spoken in the Channel Islands are similar to French. A cant, called Shelta, is spoken by Irish Travellers, often as a means to conceal meaning from those outside the group. However, English, sometimes in the form of Scots, is the dominant language, with few monoglots remaining in the other languages of the region. The Norn language of Orkney and Shetland became extinct around 1880.", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: what region is mentioned second to last?
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Answer: Orkney
Q: Given the following passage "Health care and emergency medical service in the city of Paris and its suburbs are provided by the Assistance publique - Hopitaux de Paris (AP-HP), a public hospital system that employs more than 90,000 people (including practitioners, support personnel, and administrators) in 44 hospitals. It is the largest hospital system in Europe. It provides health care, teaching, research, prevention, education and emergency medical service in 52 branches of medicine. The hospitals receive more than 5.8 million annual patient visits.", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: The medical service in Paris would be considered to be what when it's provided by Assistance publique along with what other service?
A:
Health care and emergency medical service