Jai Charan Lal vs State Of U.P. & Ors on 5 May, 1967 Equivalent citations: 1968 AIR, 5 1967 SCR (3) 981 Author: M. Hidayatullah Bench: M. Hidayatullah, C.A. Vaidyialingam PETITIONER: JAI CHARAN LAL Vs. RESPONDENT: STATE OF U.P. & ORS. DATE OF JUDGMENT: 05/05/1967 BENCH: HIDAYATULLAH, M. BENCH: HIDAYATULLAH, M. VAIDYIALINGAM, C.A. CITATION: 1968 AIR 5 1967 SCR (3) 981 ACT: U.P.Municipalities Act (2 of 1916), s. 87-A-(3) and (5)__"Not earlier than 30 days", meaning of-"Send by registered post not less than 7 clear days" Scope of--"Adjourn", meaning of. HEADNOTE: Under s. 87A(3) of the Uttar Pradesh Municipalities Act, 1916, when a notice of intention to. make a motion of non-confidence in the President of a Municipality is delivered by the requisite number of members of the Municipal Board, to the District Magistrate, the District Magistrate shall convene a meeting on a date not earlier .than thirty, and not later than thirty-five days from the date on which the notice was delivered to him. He shall send by registered post, not less than seven clear day,; before the date of the meeting, notices of the date and time of the meeting to 'all members. Under s. 87A(4) he shall arrange with the District Judge for a judicial officer to preside at the meeting. If the presiding judicial officer Jai Charan Lal vs State Of U.P. & Ors on 5 May, 1967  1 does not attend-the meeting, it stands automatically adjourned to a date and time. to be appointed by him later, and, under s. 87A(5), if the judicial officer is unable to preside at the meeting, he may, after 'recording his reasons, adjourn the meeting to .such other date and time as he may appoint. In the present ease, the notice by the members was delivered to the District Magistrate on October 26, 1966. He issued registered notices on November 17, 1966, fixing November 25, 1966 as the date of the meeting.' The District Judge had nominated the Additional Civil Judge to preside at the meeting, but the latter made an order on November 22, 1966 intimating that he would be unable to preside on the 25th and adjourning the meeting to December 5, 1966. The appellant, who was the President of the Municipal Board and against whom the notice of non-confidence was directed, filed a writ petition in the High Court for stay of the meeting but before it was heard the resolution of non- confidence was passed unanimously by the members on December 5, 1966. The appellant prayed that the High Court may quash the resolution, but the High Court decided to exercise its discretionary powers as the resolution had already been passed by the necessary majority. In appeal to this Court it was contended that, (1) there was a breach of s. 87-A(3), because, (a): excluding November 18, 1966, the presumable date of receipt of the registered notice issued by the District Magistrate, and November 25, 1966, the date of the meeting, seven clear days did not intervene as required by the section, and (.b): the expression "not earlier than thirty days" means "not less than thirty days and on that basis, excluding both the terminal days, namely October 26., 1966 and NOvember 25, 71966 thirty clear days, as required by the section, did not intervene; and (2) there was also a breach of s. 87-A(5), because, the presiding judicial officer was not empowered to adjourn the meeting- in advance but could only do so on the date: of the meeting if he w,rs unable to. preside. 9 8 2 HELD:(1) There was no breach of s. 87-A(3). (-a) Since the expression in the section is "shall send the notice" the critical date is the date of despatch of the notice and not the date of its receipts As the notice was sent on the 17th and the meeting was called on the 25th. excluding the two dates, seven clear days did intervene. 1985A-B! (b) The expressions "not earlier than 30 days" and "not less than 30 days" cannot he equated. Just as "not later than tbirty-five days" would not exclude the 35th day, "not earlier than 30 days" would not exclude the 30th day. "Not earlier than 30 days" means that it should not he 29th day, but there is nothing to show that the language excludes the 30th day from computation. If the provision were "not Jai Charan Lal vs State Of U.P. & Ors on 5 May, 1967  2 earlier than thirty days and not later than thirty days" it is obvious that only the 30th day could be meant. Therefore, in the present case, although October 26 had to be excluded. November 25, the date on which the meeting was to be called, need not be excluded and the date of the meeting cannot described as earlier than 30 days. [985F-H; 986A-C] H. H. Raja Harinder Singh v. S. Karnail Singh & Ors., A.I.R. 1957 S.C. 271, followed. Smt. Haradevi v. State of Andhra and Anr. A.I.R. 1957 A.P. 229, overruled. (2) There was no. breach of s. 87-A(5). The judicial officer's power to adjourn the meeting to a later date could be exercised by him not only at the meeting but also. before, if he is in a position to say that he would not be able to preside. The word "adjourn" means postpone, and the consequence of automatic adjournment under sub-s. (4) shows. that the presiding officer could take action in advance and postpone the meeting to a subsequent date. [987A-D] Krishna Chanadra Gupta v. Praying Narain & Ors (1961) All. L.J. 226, overruled. JUDGMENT: CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 199 of 1967. Appeal by special leave from the judgment and order date[] December 6, 1966 of the Allahabad High Court in Civil Misc. Writ No. 4287 of 1966. A. K. Sen, L. N Mathur, B. Dutta and 0. C. Mathur, for the appellant. C. B. Agarwala and 0. P. Rana, for respondent Nos. 1-3. S. P. Sinha and M. I. Khoweja for respondents Nos., 5-13. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by Hidayatullah, J. This is an appeal by special leave against the judgment and order of the High Court of Allahabad, December 6, 1966, in Civil Miscellaneous Writ Petition No. 4287 of 1966. The appellant, Jai Charan Lai Anal was elected as a member of the Municipal Board, Sikandrao in December, 1964. He was later elected as the President of the Board. On October 26, 1966 a notice of intention to move a motion of non- confidence in the appellant was presented by certain members of the Board. to the District Magistrate, Aligarh. The District Magistrate issued notices to the members on November 17, 1966 fixing November 25, 1966 as the date for the meeting of the Board to consider the non-confidence motion. This was done under s. 87-A of the Uttar Pradesh Municipalities Act, 1916. On November 22, 1966, the petitioner tiled a petition under Art. 226 of the Constitution in the High Court of Allahabad asking that the meeting be stopped. The case was listed before the High Court on December 1, 1966. Before this date the meeting of the Board was adjourned to December 5, 1966, under circumstances to which detailed reference will be made presently. The High Court Jai Charan Lal vs State Of U.P. & Ors on 5 May, 1967  3 directed that the petition should be listed for December 6, 1966.. By that date the adjourned meeting was held on December 5. 1966, and the non-confidence motion was passed unanimously. 10 out of 15 members who were present voted in its favour and none against it. The appellant thereupon asked the High Court to quash the resolution of the Board. The High Court by the order under appeal declined to do so on the ground that even if there were some irregularities in calling the meeting, the reso- lution, having been passed by the necessary majority, the case was not fit for the exercise of its discretionary powers. In this appeal the question has been raised that the meeting it-,elf was contrary to the provisions of s. 87-A of the U.P. Municipalities Act and the resolution therefore being ultra vires and illegal was void. This argument is based upon the procedure which is laid down in s. 87-A of the Act. We may now refer to those provisions. Section 87-A deals with motion of nonconfidence against the President. It begins by stating that subject to the provisions of the section such a motion shall only be made in accordance with the procedure, laid down in the section. Sub-section (2) requires that a written notice of intention to make. a motion of non-confidence on, the President must be sip-nod by ,such number of members of the Board as constitute not less than one-half of the total strength of the Board and must be accompanied by a copy of the motion which it is proposed to makeand should be delivered in person by any two of the members signing the notice to the District Magistrate. This was done. Sub-sections (3), (4), (5) and (6) then provide as follows:- "(3) The District Magistrate shall then convene a meeting for the consideration of the motion to be held at the office of the Board, on the date land at the time appointed by him which shall not be earlier than thirty' and not later than thirty-five days from the date on which the notice under sub-section (2) was delivered to him. He shall send by registered post not less than seven clear days before the data of the meeting a notice of such meeting and of the date and time appointed therefore, to every member of the board at his place of residence and shall it the time Cause such notice to be published in such manner as he may deem fit. Thereupon every member shall be deemed to have received the notice. (4) The District Magistrate shall arrange with the District Judge for a stipendiary civil judicial officer to preside at the meeting convened under this section, and no other person shall preside, thereat. If within half an hour from the time appointed for the meeting, the Judicial officer is not present to preside at the meeting, the meeting shall stand adjourned to the date and the time to be appointed and notified to the members by that officer Linder sub-section (5). (5) If the judicial officer is unable to preside at the meeting, he may, after recording his reasons adjourn the meeting to such other date and time as lie may appoint, but not later than fifteen days from the date appointed for the meeting under sub-section (3). He shall without delay communicate in writing to the District Magistrate the adjournment of the meeting. It shall not be necessary to send notice of the date and the time of the adjourned meeting to the members Iindividually, but the District Magistrate shall give notice of the date and the time of the adjourned meeting by publication in the manner provided in subsection (3). Jai Charan Lal vs State Of U.P. & Ors on 5 May, 1967  4 (6) Save is provided in subsection (4) and (5) a meeting convened for the purpose of considering a motion under this section shall not for any reason be adjourned". The contentions of the appellant are based upon the provisions of sub-ss. (3) and (5 ) and it is contended that there has been a breach of these provisions and therefore the resolution is void. Three arguments in this connection have been raised before us and we shall mention them. now. The first contention is that the notice which was sent out by the District Magistrate by registered post did not allow seven clear days before the date of the meeting as required by the latter part of subsection (3). In advancing this argument the learned counsel for the appellant contends that the critical date is not the date on which the notice is despatched but the date on which the notice is received. Since the notice was despatched on the 17th and presumably reached the next day the learned counsel excludes the date of receipt of the notice and the date of the meeting and says that seven days did not intervene. In our judgment this is an erroneous reading of the subsection. The sub-section says that the District Magistrate shall send the notice not less than seven clear days before the date of the meeting and the word "send" shows that the critical date is the date of the despatch of the notice. As the notice was sent on the 17th and the meeting was to be called on the 25th, it is obvious that seven clear days did intervene and there was no breach of this part of the section. The next contention is that the District Magistrate had to convene the meeting for the consideration of the motion on a date which was not earlier than thirty days from the date on which the notice under sub-section (2) was delivered to him. As the notice was delivered to the, District Magistrate on October 26, the learned counsel contends that the date fixed for the meeting, namely, November 25 was earlier than thirty days because according to him the 30th day should be excluded in addition to the date on which the notice was handed. In other words, the learned counsel wishes to exclude both the terminal days, i.e., October 26 and November 25 and wants to count thirty clear days in between. He contends that the expression "not earlier than thirty days" is equal to the expression "not less than thirty days" and, therefore, thirty clear days must intervene between the two terminal days. In support of his contention the learned counsel relies upon a ruling reported in Sin. Haradevi v. State of Andhra and Another(1) in which the expression "not earlier than three days" was equated to the expression "not less than three days" that is to say, three clear days. He also relies upon certain other rulings which deal with the expression "not less than so many days". In our judgment the expression "not earlier than thirty days" is not to be equated to the expression ,.not less than thirty days". It is no doubt true that where the expression is "not less than so many days" both the terminal days have to be excluded and the number of days mentioned must be clear days but the force of the words "not earlier than thirty days" is not the same. "Not earlier than thirty days" means that it should not be the 29th day, but there is nothing to show that the language excludes the 30th day from computation. In other words, although October 26 had to be excluded the date on which the meeting was to be called need not be excluded provided by doing so one did not go in breach of the Jai Charan Lal vs State Of U.P. & Ors on 5 May, 1967  5 expression "not earlier than thirty days.". The 25th of November was the 30th day counting from October 26 leaving out the initial day and therefore it cannot be described as earlier than thirty days. In other words, it was not earlier than thirty days from the date on which the (1) A.I.R. 1957 A.P. 229 notice under sub-section (2) was delivered to the-District- Magistrate. This. reading is also bome out by the other expression "not later than thirty-five days" which is used in the section. In this Court(-') the expression "not later than 14 days" as used in rule 119 under Representation of the People Act was held to mean the same thing as "within a period of fourteen days". In that expression the number of days, it was held, should not exceed the number fourteen. In the sub-section we are dealing with the number of days that should not exceed thirty-five days. On a parity of reasoning not earlier than thirty days would include the 30th day but not the 29th day because 29th day must be regarded as earlier than thirty days. If the provision were "not earlier than thirty days and not later, than thirty days" it is obvious that -only the 30th day could be meant. This proves that the fixing of the date of the meeting was therefore in accordance with law. We respectfully disapprove of the view taken in the Andhra Pradesh case. The third point arises under the following circumstances. The District Magistrate had arranged with the District Judge for a stipendiary judicial officer to preside over the meeting to be convened.-on November 25. The District Judge had nominated. one Mr. R. R. Agarwal, Additional Civil Judge, Aligarh for this purpose. Mr. R. R. Agarwal made an order on November 22, 1966 intimating that he was unable to preside over the meeting ,on November 25 and that the meeting would be adjourned to December 5. The District Magistrate sent out notices on ;the same day intimating the members of the change of date. It is ,contended that this action of the Addl. Civil Judge, Aligarh violated the provisions of the fifth sub-section. The reason advanced is that the judicial officer is not empowered to adjourn the meeting in advance but he can only do so if he is unable to preside at the meeting, that is to say, on the day on which the meeting is to be held.. In support of this contention a ruling of the Allahabad High Court reported in Krishna Chandra Gupta v. Prayag Narain and others(3) is cited where at -page 229 a Divisional Bench said that the authority under' sub-s. (5) to adjourn the meeting is exercisable only on the date on which the meeting is convened and if that occasion does not arise the adjournment is improper. Here again we find it difficult to accept the view expressed in the Allahabad High Court. Sub-section (4) provides that if the presiding judicial officer does not attend the meeting, the meeting stands automatically adjourned after half an hour to a date and time to be appointed later and notified to the members by that officer under sub-section (5). It seems pointless (1) H. H. Raja Harinder Singh v. S. Karnail Singh and others A.I.R. 1957 S.C. 271. (2) 1961 All. L.J. 226. therefore to think that if the judicial officer knows in advance that he would not be able to attend the meeting that he had not the power to adjourn the meeting in advance. No visible profit results from such a construction. In fact, the words of sub-s. (5) are that if the judicial officer is unable to preside at the meeting he may, after recording his reasons, adjourn the meeting to such other date and time as he may appoint. This can happen not only at :the meeting but also before the date of meeting if the judicial officer is in a position to say that he would be unable to preside at the meeting. If this were not so some unforeseen event which requires the presiding officer to be absent would frustrate Jai Charan Lal vs State Of U.P. & Ors on 5 May, 1967  6 the entire non-confidence motion because the judicial officer would be unable to adjourn it in advance. That the consequences under sub-section (4) would automatically flow also show that it should be possible for the presiding officer to adjourn a meeting which under the law would in any event be adjourned under sub-s. (4). In our opinion it is not necessary that the judicial officer should be present at the meeting and then adjourn it for purposes of sub-s. (5). He can take action in advance. This will be convenient all round because it will save members from attendance on that day. This was done in this case and in our opinion the action was correct. We do not read the word "adjourn" as being in any way different from the word "postpone" which is some times used. The Word "adjourn" means that the officer can postpone the meeting to a subsequent date. The High Court did not exercise its powers-under Art. 226 of the Constitution and we must not be intended to have meant that where the High Court has refused to exercise its discretion this Court Would always interfere. This case was admitted in this Court merely to clear a dispute about the law which seems to have evoked different interpretations in the High Courts. On a consideration of the whole matter we are of opinion that the petition was devoid of merit and although It was dismissed because the High Court did not choose to exercise its discretionary powers the result would have been the same if the High Court had gone into the matter elaborately and correctly. The appeal must therefore be dismissed. We order accordingly. The appeal shall stand dismissed with costs. One hearing. 9 Sup. Cl/67-2,500-10-6-68GIPF. Jai Charan Lal vs State Of U.P. & Ors on 5 May, 1967  7