Lalit Kumar Sharma And Ors. vs Superintendent And Remembrancer Of ... on 31 August, 1989 Equivalent citations: AIR1989SC2134, 1989CRILJ2297, 1989(3)CRIMES193(SC), JT1989(3)SC549, 1989(2)SCALE477, 1989SUPP(2)SCC140, AIR 1989 SUPREME COURT 2134, (1989) 3 JT 549 (SC), (1989) 3 CRIMES 193, 1991 SCC (CRI) 382, (1990) 2 CHANDCRIC 44, 1990 CALCRILR 9, 1989 SCC (SUPP) 2 140, 1990 CHANDLR(CIV&CRI) 156 Author: S. Ratnavel Pandian Bench: G.L. Oza, S. Ratnavel Pandian JUDGMENT S. Ratnavel Pandian, J. 1. This appeal arises from the judgment of the Division Bench of the Calcutta High Court reversing the order of acquittal passed by the Assistant Sessions Judge of Howrah and convicting the petitioners/appellants 1-5 and 7 under Section 147 and 325 read with Section 149 of the Indian Penal Code and sentencing each of them to suffer rigorous imprisonment for a period of 6 months and 2 years respectively and convicting the petitioner/appellant No. 6 under Sections 148 and 324 of the I.P.C. and sentencing him thereunder to suffer rigorous imprisonment for a period of 9 months and one year respectively with a direction that the sentences imposed on each of them to run concurrently. 2. The matrix of the accusation which led to the prosecution of these appellants can be summarised thus. 3. Since March 1970 the workers of Mahadev Jute Mill, Bally had been frequently resorting to go slow tactics and strikes, as a result of which the management found it difficult to run the mill peacefully. Therefore, the owners directed the Manager of the mill (P.W.I) to affix a 'notice of closure' (Ex. 1) which notice was to be affixed on 10/11-5-70 at about 00.15 A.M. At about 9.30 P.M. or 10.00 P.M. on 10-5-70, P.W. 1 was holding some discussion in his quarters within the mill premises with the security officer (P.W. 9). At that time, a Jamadar of the mill (P.W. 6) came and reported that some workers of the mill had entered into the mill compound and were playing cards and they had refused to allow him to close the gate. Thereupon P.W. 1 accompanied by P.Ws. 6, 9 and one Pura Singh (security staff) who was brought at the instance of P.W. 1 by P.W. 6 went to the mill gate and found the workers including the appellants playing cards. P.W. 1 directed the appellants and others to leave that place. The first appellant, Lalit Kumar Sharma stood up and Lalit Kumar Sharma And Ors. vs Superintendent And Remembrancer Of ... on 31 August, 1989  1 declined to obey the directions of P.W. 1. Noticing the hostile attitude of the workers and their defiance, P.W. I asked P.W. 6 and Pura Singh to close the small gate which is attached to the main gate of the mill and is used for ingress and egress of the workers and the staff of the mill. On seeing the small gate being closed, the workers who were outside the gate created a tense situation marked by acrimonious shoutings. P.W. 1 became panicky and stepped backward in order to retreat to his quarters. At this point of time the first appellant (Lalit Kumar Sharma) instigated his coworkers to assault P.W. 1 and P.W. 6 and to kill them. At this instigation the workers who were standing outside, broke open the gate and entered into the mill premises armed with iron rods, lathis etc. The first appellant gave a lathi blow on the head of P.W. 1, but it landed on the right ulna of P.W. 1 when the latter attempted to ward off the blow and caused comminuted fracture. Thereafter, all the appellants and others assaulted him with lathis and rods. In the course of the occurrence, Lalit Kumar Sharma (first appellant) snatched away the wrist watch of P.W. 1 Appellant No. 2, Ganga Prasad Tewari forcibly took away his spectacles, two dot pens and the pocket book containing currency notes to the value of Rs. 500/-. P.W. 9 when intervened to rescue P.W. 1, he too was dragged outside the gate and assaulted with knife, lathi etc. Both P.W. 1 and P.W. 9 on being severely injured became unconscious P.W. 10, a cashier of the mill on getting information about this incident from P.W. 5 went to the Police Station and lodged a complaint. The Police officials rushed to the mill and found the gate closed. They saw P.W. 9 lying with bleeding injuries in an unconscious state. The the Police officials entered into the mill premises and arrested two Darwans and went to P.W. 1's residence where P.W. 1 was lying with injuries. Both the injured persons, namely, P.W. 1 and P.W. 9 were removed to Uttarpara Hospital for treatment. P.W. 21 took up the investigation during the course of which he seized a number of material objects from the place of occurrence, recorded statements of the witnesses and after completing the investigation filed his final report against these seven appellants and three others. The Magistrate discharged two accused persons and committed these seven appellants to take their trial before the Court of Sessions. One accused by name Inder Singh is absconding. 4. The Trial Court framed charges against all the seven appellants under Sections 148 and 326 read with Section 149, I.P.C. and a separate charge against Appellant No. 6 under Section 307, IPC and as against Appellants Nos. 1 and 2 under Section 379 of I.P.C. To substantiate the above charges, the prosecution examined P.Ws. 1-21 of whom P.Ws. 4-7 are the ocular witnesses. P.W. 11, a medical officer attached to Uttarpara Hospital examined P.W. 9 and found on his person two lacerated wounds and two incised wounds besides the bruises. He also on examination found 9 injuries on P.W. I of which injury No. 3 was a lacerated wound on the scalp and the rest being bruises. The Trial Court on the evaluation of the evidence of the witnesses observed "Considering all the facts and circumstances of the case and the evidence on record and the probabilities arising therefrom I am not inclined to think that the prosecution has been able to prove their case beyond any reasonable doubt" and on the basis of the above observations, found all the accused not guilty of any of the charges and acquitted them. 5. On being dissatisfied by the order of acquittal, the State preferred an appeal before the High Court which for the reasons assigned in the impugned judgment set aside the order of acquittal and convicted the Appellant No. 6 under Section 148 and the rest under Section 147, I.P.C. and also convicted all the appellants under Section 325 read with Section 149, I.P.C. In addition it convicted Lalit Kumar Sharma And Ors. vs Superintendent And Remembrancer Of ... on 31 August, 1989  2 Appellant No. 6 under Section 324, I.P.C. and sentenced all of them to various terms of imprisonment ranging from 6 months to two years with a direction that the sentences imposed on each of the accused are to run concurrently. However, the High Court affirmed the order of acquittal of the appellants 1 and 2 in respect of the charge under Section 379, I.P.C. 6. The convicted appellants on being aggrieved by the reversal of the judgment of acquittal passed by the Trial Court has filed the present appeal by the Special Leave Petition under Article 136 of the Constitution of India. 7. The learned Counsel appearing for the appellants has assailed the judgment of the High Court inter-alia contending that the High Court has gone wrong in interfering with the order of acquittal passed by the Trial Court on the well-founded grounds, ignoring the cardinal rules which have always to be kept in view while exercising its powers conferred by the CrPC in appeals against acquittal, namely, (1) the view of the Trial Court as to the credibility, (2) the presumption of innocence of the witnesses, in favour of the accused, (3) the right of the accused to the benefit of any doubt and the slowness of an appellate Court in disturbing a finding of fact arrived at by a judge who had the advantage of seeing the witnesses. Reverting to the instant case, the High Court has completely disregarded the fact that both the injured witnesses i.e. P.Ws. 1 and 9 have not implicated any one of the accused with the perpetration of the offence in question and that the evidence let in by the prosecution suffers from in surmountable infirmities and the prosecution has miserably failed to substantiate the charges through reliable, cogent and acceptable evidence. 8. learned Counsel appearing for the State resisted the above argument, submitting that though the injured witnesses are not supporting the prosecution case, the High Court is justified in reversing the order of acquittal and convicting the appellants on the basis of the evidence of PWs 4, 6 and 7, amply corroborated by the medical testimony. 9. Before dealing with the contentions raised by the respective learned Counsel, we shall examine whether the judgment of the Trial Court was manifestly perverse and wholly unreasonable, compelling the appellate Court to step in with the order of acquittal. It is now well settled that the power of an appellate Court to review evidence in appeals against acquittal is as extensive as its powers in appeals against convictions, but that power is with a note of caution that the appellate Court should be slow in interfering with the orders of acquittal unless there are compelling reasons to do so. this Court in Mathai Mathews v. State of Maharashtra has pointed out that "if a finding reached by the Trial Judge cannot be said to be an unreasonable finding, then the appellate Court should not disturb that finding even if it is possible to reach a different conclusion on the basis of the material on record". Regarding the power of the appellate Court in dislodging a finding of acquittal of a trial court, there are plethora of decisions, but we feel that it is not necessary for us to refer to all those decisions because we are of the firm view that the impugned judgment is liable to be set aside even on the ground that the appellate Court has gone wrong in setting aside the order of acquittal on the re-appraisal of the available evidence. 10. As we have already pointed out that PWs 1 and 9, the victims are not implicating any one of the appellants in the perpetration of the crime in question, but on the other hand would go to the extent Lalit Kumar Sharma And Ors. vs Superintendent And Remembrancer Of ... on 31 August, 1989  3 of saying that they did not know or did not remember as to who assaulted them P.W. 9 had been treated as a hostile witness by the prosecution on the ground that he had resiled from his previous statement. 11. As already mentioned PWs 4-7 claim to be the eye-witnesses of whom P.W. 5 was the person who informed P.W. 10 who thereupon set the law in motion by reporting the matter to the Police. The High Court has rejected the testimony of P.W. 5 for the reasons mentioned its judgment stating thus : In spite of our above discussions we will leave out of our consideration the evidence of P.W. 5 as it could be argued that the grounds which weighed with the learned Judge in discarding the evidence of P.W. 5 being not wholly unreasonable, this Court sitting on judgment over an order of acquittal would not be justified to set aside the same merely on the ground that a different view of the same evidence can be taken. 12. Bearing the evidence of P.W. 5, the prosecution is left with the evidence of PWs 4, 6 and 7. In assessing the evidence, we shall point out certain portion of the evidence of P.W. 1 which gives a death-knell to the entire prosecution case. P.W. 1 who claims to have known the names of all the appellants even before the occurrence has deposed as follows : I don't remember if I mentioned any of the names of the accused before the Police. I don't remember if the police after recording my statement read over the statement to me. I don't remember if the police took my thumb impression on the statement recorded by the police. I did not depose in the lower Court that the contents of the F.I.R. were read over to me and that I put my L.T.I. there. I don't remember if I told that police that Rash Behari Singh, Daresh Nath Tewari, Ram Nath Singh, Mullu Singh, Ganesh Prosad Sarma, Sadhan Sur, Amulya Ghosh, Shewji Pathak and Brijnandan Singh assaulted me and that they were my assailants. Nor I can remember what part was played by each of the said persons in assaulting me. I cannot even remember if those persons assaulted me at all. I do remember that Inder Singh assaulted me. A mere perusal of the above admissions would show that P.W. 1 did not know as to who his assailants were except the absconding accused Inder Singh. Similarly, P.W. 9, the other victim, who is treated by the prosecution as a hostile witness, also does not implicate any one of the accused either in respect of the attack made on him or on P.W. 1. P.W. 10 who set the law in motion by passing on the information to the Police has stated in his cross-examination as follows : Kartick (P.W. 5) spoke for about 2/3 minutes while he was reporting the incident to me. I did not ask him who was assaulting whom and with what instrument. He also did not disclose that before my going to the thana. Lalit Kumar Sharma And Ors. vs Superintendent And Remembrancer Of ... on 31 August, 1989  4 13 In the above back-drop, we shall now approach the testimony of PWs 4, 6 and 7. P.W. 4 has deposed that A. 1 to A. 4 assaulted P.W. 1 and A. 1 to A. 6 assaulted P.W. 9. But this witness who was incharge of the Jute Department as on the date of the occurrence did not render any aid to the injured persons nor did he report the matter to the officials, but he immediately left the scene of the occurrence. He gives a diametrically inconsistent version in that whilst he would say in the chief examination that he saw A. 1 snatching away the wrist watch, he in the same breath would deny the same answer in his cross-examination stating "I did not see the snatching of the watch". He admits that he has not told the Secretary of the Mill what he witnessed. P.W. 6 except saying in general that all the appellants and others had beaten P.W. 1 would not specify the appellants by their names. His evidence that none was present at the place of occurrence when police came is falsified by the evidence of P.W. 21 who claims to have arrested two Darwans by chasing them inside the mill. P.W. 7 states that he left the scene of occurrence when the assailants fled away. According to him he was standing outside the gate and watching the incident. If it was so, he could not have witnessed the assault on P.W. 1 which took place inside the premises of the mill. On a careful and close examination of the evidence of PWs 4, 6 and 7 we are left with an indelible impression that their evidence is not worthy of acceptance. At any rate no safe conviction can be recorded, that too in an appeal against acquittal on the scanty evidence of these three witnesses. It is very unfortunate that the appellate court has repeatedly characterised the findings of the trial Court as perverse, which observation in our view is not justified and warranted. In our opinion, the trial Court has evaluated the evidence in the proper perspective and arrived at a correct conclusion that the prosecution has not satisfactorily established any of the charges levelled against these appellants. 14. For all the reasons stated above, we allow the appeal and set aside the convictions and sentences recorded by the appellate Court and acquit the appellants of all the charges. Lalit Kumar Sharma And Ors. vs Superintendent And Remembrancer Of ... on 31 August, 1989  5