Mrs Labhkuwar Bhagwani Shaha And Ors. vs Janardhan Mahadeo Kalan And Anr. on 11 November, 1982 Equivalent citations: AIR1983SC535, 1982(2)SCALE1342, (1982)3SCC514, AIR 1983 SUPREME COURT 535, 1983 3 SCC 514, 1983 UJ (SC) 187, (1983) 2 APLJ 14, 1983 HRR 359, 1983 (1) SCJ 380, (1983) 1 RENCJ 587, (1983) 1 RENCR 211 Bench: A. Varadarajan, V.D. Tulzapurkar JUDGMENT 1. The short question involved in this appeal is whether the High Court was justified in interfering with the findings of fact recorded by the two courts below in exercise of its jurisdiction under Article 227 of the Constitution? 2. The appellants-landlords filed an ejectment suit against defendant No. 1 (the tenant) and defendant No. 2 (allegedly unlawful sub-tenant) seeking possession of the suit godown on two grounds (i) that the suit godown was required bonafide for their own occupation and (ii) that the defendant No. 1 had unlawfully sub-let the premises to defendant No. 2. The defendants resisted the suit contending that the landlords' need was not bonafide and that defendant No. 2 had been let in possession of the suit godown as a sub-tenant in March 1959 and as such was protected under Ordinance No. Ill of 1959. The trial court decreed the suit upholding both the grounds put forward by the landlords. The matter was carried in appeal by defendant No. 2 alone and in appeal the finding with regard to bonafide requirement was reversed but the finding of unlawful sub-letting was confirmed and the decree for eviction was upheld. The appellate court, agreeing with the trial court, held that the sub-letting was after 21st May, 1959, being the relevant date under the Ordinance No. Ill of 1959. Defendant No. 2 preferred a writ petition under Article 227 of the Constitution to the High Court and the High Court surprisingly on reappreciation of the material on the record reversed the concurrent finding of both the lower courts as regards the actual date of sub-letting and it came to the conclusion that there was sub-letting in favour of defendant No. 2 in March 1959 and as such he was protected under Ordinance III of 1959. The landlords have preferred this appeal to this Court. 3. Counsel for the appellants contended before us that the question as to what was the actual date of sub-letting, i.e. to say when was the second defendant let in the suit godown as a sub-tenant was purely a question of fact and both the lower courts had on appreciation of the material placed on record by both the parties come to the conclusion that such sub-letting was long after 21st May 1959 and that therefore the second defendant was not protected under the Bombay Rent Act read with the Ordinance. In reversing that finding, counsel contended, the High Court clearly exceeded its jurisdiction under Article 227 of the Constitution and we find force in this contention advanced by the counsel. Mrs Labhkuwar Bhagwani Shaha And Ors. vs Janardhan Mahadeo Kalan And Anr. on 11 November, 1982  1 4. It does appear that the High Court was impressed by the fact that the landlords' own witness who was staying in the same building had made an admission in his deposition that the defendant No. 2 was seen in premises in March 1959 and the High Court had felt that this admission, though not conclusive, would operate as an estoppel against the landlords under the Evidence Act and lent support to the case of the second defendant. The High Court also seems to have been impressed by the fact that defendant No. 2 had relied upon 4 receipts dated 16th March, 1959, 1 lth May, 1959, 17th June, 1959 and 20th July, 1959 respectively which he had produced showing payment of rent by him to defendant No. 1. If this material had been ignored by the lower courts it would have been a different matter. It was on an appreciation of this very material that both the lower courts had come to a finding against the second defendant. As regards the documentary evidence of the 4 receipts and an extract of account the lower courts had characterised the same as fabricated and not reliable. It appears that the trial court did not refer to admission made by the landlords' witness but appellate court dealt with it and observed that no reliance could be placed on such solitary stray statement made by the witness; it may be stated that there was an admission made by defendant No. 1 himself to the effect that he had taken the godown on rent from the landlord in February or March 1959 and that the defendant No. 2 had come on the scene four or five months thereafter which would mean that the defendant No. 2 was let in long after 21st May, 1959. In other words as against the admission made by the landlords' witness there was the admission made by defendant No. 1 which put defendent No. 2 out of the court. In this state of evidence the two courts below on appreciating the entire material had come to the conclusion that defendant No. 2 had come on the scene long after the relevant date under the Ordinance and was not entitled to any protection. The High Court felt it could reappreciate the material and come to its own conclusion because it was a jurisdietional fact that was required to be determined. Whether jurisdictional or otherwise it was purely a question of fact requiring adjudiction on appreciation of evidence. It could not convert itself into even a mixed question of fact and law entitling the High Court to interfere. Nor was it any question of proper interpretation of the ordinance for being applied to the facts obtaining in the case. The question simply was what was the actual date of sub-letting and the High Court under Article 227 could not interfere with the finding recorded by the lower courts on the point. The position in law in this behalf is well-settled and if necessary reference may be made to two decisions of this Court in Babhutmal vs Laxmiba and Trimbak vs Ramchandrd 5. Counsel for the respondent relied upon a decision of this Court in Mohd. Shaft's case but in our view the same cannot avail the respondent. The question that arose there was whether Explanation (iv) to Section 21(1) of U.P. Act 13 of 1972 was attracted to that case and that depended upon the applicability to the facts of the correct interpretation of the Explanation and that was clearly a mixed question of law and fact and this Court held that if the High Court found that in reaching its conclusion on this question the District Court proceeded on a wrong interpretation of the Explanation the High Court could correct the error and set aside the conclusion reached by the District Court. 6. In view of the above discussion it is not possible to sustain the order of the High Court. The. appeal is allowed, the impugned order is set aside and the decree passed by the trial court and confirmed by the first appellate court is restored on the ground of unlawful sub-letting by the first defendant in favour of the second defendant. Mrs Labhkuwar Bhagwani Shaha And Ors. vs Janardhan Mahadeo Kalan And Anr. on 11 November, 1982  2 7. Three months time is granted to vacate the premises on the usual undertaking to be filed within four weeks from today. There will be no order as to costs. 8. Delay in filing additional documents is condoned. Mrs Labhkuwar Bhagwani Shaha And Ors. vs Janardhan Mahadeo Kalan And Anr. on 11 November, 1982  3