Naresh Kumar vs State Of Maharashtra on 1 February, 1980 Equivalent citations: AIR1980SC1168, 1980CRILJ920, (1980)2SCC358, 1980(12)UJ617(SC), AIR 1980 SUPREME COURT 1168, 1980 (3) MAH LR 143, (1980) 2 SCWR 80, 1980 SCC(CRI) 453, 1980 UJ (SC) 617, (1980) SC CR R 187, 1980 (2) SCC 358 Bench: A.D. Koshal, P.S. Kailasam, S. Murtaza Fazal Ali JUDGMENT S. Murtaza Fazal All J. 1. This appeal under Section 2 of the Supreme Court (Enlargement of Criminal Appellate Jurisdiction) Act, 1970 and is directed against the judgment of the Bombay High Court convicting the appellant Naresh Kumar under Section 302 read with Section 34 to imprisonment for life and Section 376 read with Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code to five years rigorous imprisonment. The appellant was acquitted of all the charges by the trial Court mainly on the ground that he was not properly identified. The State filed un appeal against the acquittal of the appellant, before the "High Court as a result of which the High Court reversed the acquittal and convicted the appellant as indicated above. Hence, this appeal. 2. The facts of the case are detailed in the judgment of the trial Court and the High Court. The incident took place on the night between the 16th and 17th September, 1972 when in absence of P.W., Suresh. the husband of the deceased Gayabai, the four accused entered the house of Suresh where the deceased was sleeping along with P Ws. 4 and 5 when she had called fo give her company as her husband had gone out. The accused knocked at the door and when the door was opened by the deceased, Gayabai, one of the accused extinguished the lantern and all the for accused dragged away the deceased and took her away from the house. Thereafter the dead body of the deceased was recovered from a well. The trial Court had accepted the evidence of P.Ws. 4 and 5 which appears to be the central evidence in the case and had acquitted the appellant mainly on two grounds. In the first place, the trial Judge was impressed by the fact that the appellant was seen amongst the crowd seen after the offence which the trial Court thought was inconsistent with his guilt. Secondly, the Sessions Judge thought that it would not have been possible for the witnesses at midnight to identify the appellant. The High Court has rightly pointed out that the main reasons given by the trial Court are legally erroneous. In fact, so far as the question of identification is concerned the trial Court itself gave a finding that the light was sufficient for identification but he conjectured that there may be some mistake in identification as the witnesses may have had a fleeting glimpse of the appellant. The trial judge observed as follows: These two witnesses may have had a fleeting glimpse of accused No. 1 Naresh Kumar even though the light was itself not insufficient to make identification impossible.(p 85) Further, the trial Judge failed to consider that the appellant Naresh Kumar was a Naresh Kumar vs State Of Maharashtra on 1 February, 1980  1 person fully known to the witnesses and therefore the question of there being any mistake in identification would not arise particularly when there was latern in the light of which the appellant could be identified. Both these witnesses have consistently stated that the appellant along with other accused dragged away the deceased and some of the accused threatened these witnesses that they should not disclose these facts to anybody as a result of which both these witnesses remained silent for some time. As regards the presence of the accused in the crowd which assembled some time after the offence the High Court has rightly explained this fact on the ground that as the appellant was an influential person he may have been present amongst the crowd firstly to prove his so-called innocence and secondly to keep a watch and vigil on the children P.Ws 4 and 5 lost they may disclose anything about the offence to the members of the crowd or to the Police. We find ourselves in complete agreement with the reasons given by the High Court for reversing the acquittal of the appellant and wears also satisfied that no other reasonable view was possible in the circumstances. 3. The other question that arises in the instant case is as to whether or not there is sufficient evidence against the appellant to connect him with the murder of the deceased. It appears that the deceased had been raped by more then one person and than thrown into the well. The post-mortem report shows that although no external injuries were found by the doctor on the person of the deceased yet there were bruises and other kinds of injuries on her private parts. The evidence of P.Ws. 4 and 5 merely shows that the appellant had assisted the other accused in dragging away the deceased and also perhaps in assisting the other accused in committing the rape on her. There is however no evidence to indicate the complicity of the appellant in the actual act of murder. The High Court in fact realised this fact and found' that the idea of murdering the deceased did not occur to the accused at the time when the deceased was dragged but it may have developed and executed later. This is, however, a pure surmise and the appellant cannot be convicted on mere speculation. Mr. O.P. Rana, appearing for the State submitted that there is clear evidence of P.W. 9 that the appellant along with the other accused was found carrying the dead body and therefore it must be inferred that the appellant also shared the common intention to murder the deceased. The evidence of P.W. 9 cannot be accepted because he admits in his statement that in spite of being questioned by the Police day after day be kept quiet and did not disclose these facts until four months were over. We have gone through the evidence of P.W. 9 and his evidence does not impress us on this point. Mr. Rana then submitted that sincs the appellant was a party to the dragging of the deceased he must be presumed to have committed the murder. In the case of circumstantial evidence no such presumption can be drawn unless the circumstances proved are completely incompatible with the innocence of the accused. The appellant therefore cannot be convicted of murder, For these reasons therefore we allow the appeal to this extent that we set aside the conviction and sentence of the appellant under Sections 302/34 and acquit him of these charges. But we maintain his conviction under Sections 376/34, Indian Penal Code, but reduce his sentence to the period already served as we understand that he has served more than four years. The appellant, if in custody, should be released forthwith. 4. The appeal is accordingly disposed of. Naresh Kumar vs State Of Maharashtra on 1 February, 1980  2