Orissa Mining Corporation Ltd vs Prannath Vishwanath Rawlley on 12 August, 1977 Equivalent citations: 1977 AIR 2014, 1978 SCR (1) 295, AIR 1977 SUPREME COURT 2014, 1977 3 SCC 535, 1978 (1) SCR 295, 48 CUTLT 246, 1978 (10) LAWYER 64, 1978 (1) SCWR 117, 1977 U J (SC) 563 Author: P.S. Kailasam Bench: P.S. Kailasam, Y.V. Chandrachud PETITIONER: ORISSA MINING CORPORATION LTD. Vs. RESPONDENT: PRANNATH VISHWANATH RAWLLEY DATE OF JUDGMENT12/08/1977 BENCH: KAILASAM, P.S. BENCH: KAILASAM, P.S. CHANDRACHUD, Y.V. CITATION: 1977 AIR 2014 1978 SCR (1) 295 1977 SCC (3) 535 CITATOR INFO : R 1979 SC1977 (6) ACT: Arbitration Act, 1940 (10 of 1940)-S. 20-Scope of-Extra claim, over and above the claim made in the plaint and shown in the reference, made before the arbitrator-Arbitrator-If competent to entertain fresh claim without reference from court. HEADNOTE: The respondent entered into a contract with the appellant for the transport of iron ore from quarry Nos. 1 and 2 being worked out by the appellant, to the railway siding. As the instance of the appellant the respondent later transported iron ore from quarry No. 5 situated at a Orissa Mining Corporation Ltd vs Prannath Vishwanath Rawlley on 12 August, 1977  1 distance of about 2 KM from the other two quarries. Having failed to recover from the appellant the extra cost which was Rs. 68,582 for transport and a sum of Rs. 25,000 for constructing a road between quarry Nos. 1 and 2 and quarry No. 5, the respondent filed in the court of subordinate Judge an application under s. 20 of the Arbitration Act, 1940. The dispute was referred to a sole arbitrator. Before the arbitrator the respondent made a claim of Rs. 68,582, apart from the claim for an identical amount made in the plaint. The arbitrator disallowed the claim for construction of the road but allowed the additional claim of the respondent and gave an award for a sum of Rs. 1,16,570. The appellant's application alleging that the arbitrator acted without jurisdiction in allowing the additional claim of Rs. 68,582 was rejected by the Subordinate Judge on the ground that there was no error apparent on the face of the record and that the arbitrator did not exceed his jurisdiction. The High Court dismissed the appellant's appeal. Allowing the appeal to this Court, HELD : When an agreement is filed in court and order of reference is made, then. the claim as a result of the order of reference is limited to a particular relief and the arbitrator cannot enlarge the scope of the reference and entertain fresh claims without a further order of reference from the court. [299H] In the instant case the arbitrator has exceeded his jurisdiction in embarking on the extra claim. put forward before him by the respondent. When the claim had been specified in the plaint and when the reference was confined to the claim made in the plaint, the arbitrator would have to restrict his award only to that claim. [299F] The High Court has misconstrued the claim. There was no claim for transport of iron ore between quarry Nos. 1 and 2 and the railway siding; the only claim was for the transport for the extra distance. [299A] JUDGMENT: CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 769 of 1976. Appeal by Special Leave from the Judgment and Decree dated 20-2-76 of the Orissa High Court in M.A. 75/75. K. Sawhney and M. K. Garg for the Appellant G. B. Pai, Miss Uma Mehta and R. K. Mehta for the Respondent. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by KAILASAM, J.-This appeal is preferred by the Orissa Mining Corporation Ltd., (a Government of Orissa undertaking) by special leave against the judgment and decree dated February 20, 1976 of the High Court of Orissa whereby the High Court upheld the judgment of the Subordinate Judge, Rourkela refusing to set aside the award of the arbitrator directing payment of certain moneys to the respondent herein. The respondent is a partnership firm carrying on business of transport, mining loading and unloading etc. with its office Orissa Mining Corporation Ltd vs Prannath Vishwanath Rawlley on 12 August, 1977  2 at Rourkela. The appellant called for a tender for the work of raising of iron ore in Khandadhar Mines and transporting it to Barsuan Railway siding, including wagon loading. An agreement was entered into between the, appellant and the respondent for a period of one year with effect from May 25, 1971. The estimated value of the contract was Rs. 6.77,040. The respondent under the terms of the contract was required to work in quarry Nos. 1 and 2 in Khandadhar Mines but during the progress of the work, on the directions of the appellant, the respondent worked in quarry No. 5 also which was at a distance of about 2 K.M. from quarry Nos. 1 and 2. As the respondent had to cover an extra distance between quarry Nos. 1 & 2 and quarry No 5 he demanded extra cost for the transport. The respondent also demanded cost for construction of a road at the schedule rate provided by the State P.W.D., Orissa, and submitted two bills, Bill No. 1 dated March 31, 1972 and Bill No,. 2 dated May 1, 1972 for Rs. 62,477.50 and Rs, 6,104.60 respectively amounting to Rs. 68,582.00 in all for the extra load in transporting. A claim was also made towards the cost of constructing a road from quarry No. 5 for Rs. 25,000. As in spite of repeated reminders the appellant did not pay for the bills the respondent called upon the appellant to refer the disputes for arbitration according to the contract. The respondent filed an application under section 20 of the Arbitration Act for a direction to the appellant to file the agreement in court and for the appointment of a Superintending Engineer of the State P.W.D. as the sole arbitrator and a reference to him to give his award on the dispute. The respondent, for the purpose of Court fee and jurisdiction, valued the suit at Rs. 93,582, The Subordinate Judge, Rourkela, after notice to the appellant and after hearing the parties ordered "that the said agreement be filed, and it is further ordered that the following matters in difference specified in the said agreement No. 4/F2 of 1971 arising in this suit namely for demand of payment of Rs. 93,582.00 on account of raising iron ore from quarry No. 1 and 2 at Khandadhar Mine and transporting the same, to the Barsuan Railway siding including loading of wagons and also for the same work as per the subsequent order in respect of quarry No. 5 which was at a distance of 2 kilometers away from quarry No. 1 and 2 and for extra charges for this extra load of transporting and for construction of a road from quarry Nos. 1 and 2 to the, quarry No. 5 be referred for determination...... of the Arbitrator." The arbitrator on receipt of the order of reference issued notice to the parties calling upon them to file their respective statements and the documents on which they intended to rely on and to produce witnesses. The parties filed their respective statements and the arbitrator took up the hearing of the dispute. The respondent in these proceedings made a claim of Rs. 68,582 under the head "4. Extra as the distance came to 14 Km. after verification from the same quantity mentioned in the Bill No. 1 and 11." The arbitrator inspected the site and measured the distances. Regarding the claimof Rs. 25,000 for construction of the road the arbitrator found that the respondent is not entitled to it and rejected the claim. Regarding the claim for transport of the iron ore for the extra distance from quarry No. 5, the respondent made an additionalclaim for Rs. 68,582 apart from the claim which he made in the plaintunder Bill Nos. 1 and 11 for Rs. 68,582 on the ground that the extra distance came to 1.4 Kms. after verification. The arbitrator found the actual distance between quarry No. 1 and 2 and quarry No. 5 approximately 1.70 Kms. and allowed a sum of Rs. 1,16,570 under this head. He also directed the appellant to release the security deposits and earnest money amounting to Rs. 32,954.48 and pay the respondent on or before August 31, 1974. The award also provided that the appellant shall pay interest to the respondent at the rate of six per cent per annum on the amount of award and on the amount of security and earnest money from the date of the passing of the award Orissa Mining Corporation Ltd vs Prannath Vishwanath Rawlley on 12 August, 1977  3 i.e. May 31, 1974. Aggrieved at this award the appellant filed an application before the Subordinate Judge, Rourkela, the court that had made the reference to arbitration, for setting aside the award or in the alternative for remitting the award for further consideration various contentions were raised in the application. It is material for this appeal to ,refer only to the main ground of attack on the award, namely that the arbitrator had traversed beyond the reference made by the court by its order of reference in that though the claim was only for Rs. 93,582 inclusive of the claim for road construction for Rs. 25,000 which was negatived by the arbitrator, he acted without jurisdiction in allowing any claim overRs. 68,582.It was also contended that the arbitrator was in errorin directing the return of the security deposits and earnest money. The Subordinate Judge, Rourkela, by his order dated February 11, 1975, found that there was no error apparent on the face of the record which may make the, award unsustainable. It also found that the arbitrator did not exceed his jurisdiction and decreed the suit as per the terms of the award., Dissatisfied with the order of the Subordinate Judge the appellant, Orissa Mining Corporation Ltd., took up the matter in appeal to the High Court of Orissa. The High Court confirmed the order of the Subordinate Judge holding that the order of reference made by the court to the arbitrator Was not only in respect of the respondent's claim for Rs. 93.582 on account of raising of iron ore from quarry Nos. 1 and 2 and transporting the same to Barsuan rialway station but also for the same work as per the subsequent order in respect of quarry No. 5 which was at a distance of 2 kilometres away from quarry Nos. 1 and 2. The main contention that was raised before the High Court was that the reference to the arbitrator being for determining the correctness of the respondent's claim of Rs. 93,582, 8-- 768SCI/77 29 8 only the arbitrator went beyond his jurisdiction and authority by giving an award for Rs. 1,16,570 towards transportation charges in favour of the respondent. The direction as to the refund of the security deposits and earnest money was also challenged. The High Court held that "In the order of reference Rs. 93,582 has been referred to as a dispute on account of raising iron ores from quarry Nos. 1 and 2 and transporting the same to Barsuan railway siding. The dispute relating to extra claim on account of raising and transporting iron ores as per the, subsequent order from quarry No. 5 has also been specifically referred to the arbitrator as it appears from the order of reference. The correctness of the reference order not having been challenged the same is not open to question." It further held that "it is futile, to argue that the reference made to the arbitrator was only confined to the respondent's claim of Rs. 93,582 and that the arbitrator in awarding Rs. 1,16,570 exceeded his authority and jurisdiction." We feel that the High Court has misconstrued the claim. There was no dispute in regard to raising of iron ore from quarry Nos. 1 and 2 and transporting it to the railway siding. The whole dispute was regarding the claim for transporting the iron ore for the extra distance from quarry No. 5. Paragraphs 5, 6 and 7 of the plaint make this position clear. Paragraph 5 states that while the respondent was executing the work in quarry Nos. 1 and 2 he was ordered to work in quarry No. 5 which was at a distance of about 2 Kms from quarry Nos. 1 and 2. According to paragraph 6 the respondent demanded extra cost for the transport from the said quarry as the distance increased. Paragraph 7 states that accordingly the, respondent submitted bill No. 1 dated March 31, 1972 and bill No. 2 dated May 1, 1972 making a total claim of Rs. 68,582. The point of attack on the award was therefore missed by the. High Court. Orissa Mining Corporation Ltd vs Prannath Vishwanath Rawlley on 12 August, 1977  4 it was that while the total claim under the plaint regarding the transport of extra distance was confined to Rs. 68,582 and the reference to the arbitrator was also for the same amount, the arbitrator acted beyond the scope of the arbitration in taking into account the claim which was put forward by the respondent for an extra sum of Rs. 68,582. It was sought to be contended by Mr. Pai, the learned counsel for the, respondent, that though the plaint claim was confined to Rs. 68,582 the order of reference is wider in scope and included other claims beyond the claim for Rs. 93,582. The order of reference is rather vague and not clear and is in the following terms : " and it is further ordered that the following matters in difference specified in the said agreement No. 4/F2 of 1971 arising in this suit namely for demand of payment of Rs. 93,582 on account of raising iron ore from quarry Nos. 1 and 2 at Khandadhar Mine and transporting the same to the Barsuan Railway siding including loading of wagons and also for the same work as per the subsequent order in respect of quarry No. 5 which was at a distance of 2 K.M. away from quarry Nos. 1 and 2 and for extra charges for this extra load of transporting......." The order of reference appears to have been an attempt by the court to put all the reliefs claimed for in the plaint in one sentence. As admittedly there was no claim for transport of the iron ore between quarry Nos. 1 and 2 and the railway siding, the only claim was for the transport of the iron ore for the extra distance. The view of the High Court was therefore on a misunderstanding of the relief prayed for by the respondent in the plaint. Mr. Pai while admitting that the reference to: arbitration was only as regards the transport of the iorn ore for the extra distance submitted that the claim was not confined to Rs. 93,582 only but should be understood as a claim for the extra transport which may amount to more than Rs. 93,582. We refrain from going into the merits of the claim for not only the extent of the extra distance covered is in dispute but also the charges for transport for a kilometer. The plea of the respondent in that while he, submitted Bill Nos. 1 and 2 and claimed Rs. 68,582, the Bills were on the basis that the extra distance was only 1 K.M. but actually the distance was 2 Kms. and therefore he claimed twice the amount. The respondent submitted that the distance should be construed as 2 Kms. though it was found to be 1.4 Kms. On behalf ,of the appellant it was submitted that this plea should not be entertained as, the original Bills were on the basis of 2 Kms. and as the distance has been proved to be shorter he would not be entitled even to the claim made, in the plaint. The contentions on the merits need not be gone into. On a reading of the plaint, we are, satisfied that the claim for transporting the iron ore for the extra distance is limited to Rs. 68,582 ,and the whole claim after including the claim for construction of the road is confined only to Rs. 93,582. The arbitrator having disallowed Rs. 25,000 being the claim for construction of the road should have confined his award only to. Rs. 68,582. The claim of additional Rs. 68,582 before the arbitrator was clearly beyond the order of reference which incorporated the reliefs prayed for in the plaint by the respondent herein. It would have been different if the entire claim relating to the transport of the iron ore for the extra distance was made without specifying the amount of claim. When the amount has been. specified in the plaint and when the reference is confined to the claim made in the plaint, the arbitrator would have to restrict his award only to the claim. We are satisfied that in this case the arbitrator has exceeded his Orissa Mining Corporation Ltd vs Prannath Vishwanath Rawlley on 12 August, 1977  5 jurisdiction in embarking on the claim that was the first time put forward before him by the respondent. There is therefore an error ,apparent on the face of the award. Section 20(1) of the Arbitration Act, 10 of 1940, provides that where a difference has arisen and where any person have entered into an arbitration agreement they may apply to the court having jurisdiction in the matter to which the agreement relates, that the agreement be filed in court. Sub-section (4) to section 20 provides that the court shall order the agreement to be filed, and shall make an order of reference to the arbitrator appointed by the parties. When an agreement is filed in court and order of reference is made then the claim as a result of the order of reference is limited to a particular relief and the arbitrator cannot enlarge the scope of the reference and entertain fresh claims without a further order of reference from the court. On a construction of section 20 of the Arbitration Act the plea on behalf of the appellant will have to be accepted. In the circumstances of the case we do not think that the award should be set aside,' as the learned counsel for the appellant has also no objection in accepting the award in so far as it relates to Rs. 68,582. We feel that the award to the extent of Rs. 68,582 and interest at the rate of 6 per cent per annum from the date of the award be confirmed. Regarding the direction as to return of security deposits and earnest money, as it is not the case of the appellant that the respondent is not entitled to the amount, we do not feel called upon to interfere with the order directing the appellant to pay the, amount to the respondent with interest at 6% per annum from the date of the award i.e. May 31, 1974. The parties will bear their own costs. P.B.R. Appeal allowed, Orissa Mining Corporation Ltd vs Prannath Vishwanath Rawlley on 12 August, 1977  6