Sandra Harding

Sandra G. Harding, nada o 29 de marzo de 1935 e finada o 5 de marzo de 2025, foi unha filósofa e feminista estadounidense, unha figura importante da epistemoloxía feminista. Traxectoria
Doutorouse na Universidade de Nova York en 1973. Os seus traballos enmárcanse dentro da Filosofía da Ciencia, a Epistemoloxía Feminista, a Teoría poscolonial e a metodoloxía en investigación. Foi profesora emérita na Universidade de California, Os Ánxeles, onde impartiu docencia dende 1994.
Harding foi a directora do 'Center for the Study of Women' da Universidade de California (1996-2000) e codirectora (xunto a Kathryn Norberg) da revista feminista, publicada por University of Chicago Press, Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society (2000-2005). Tamén traballou como profesora na Universidade de Delaware, e foi profesora invitada na Universidade de Ámsterdam, a Universidade de Costa Rica e a Escola politécnica federal de Zürich, Suíza.
Contribuíu ao desenvolvemento da Teoría do punto de vista, sendo unha das fundadoras do campo da Epistemoloxía Feminista, así como aos Estudos de Ciencia, Tecnoloxía e Xénero. As súas contribucións nestas áreas, así como a súa aproximación e crítica ao concepto de obxectividade na ciencia, foron de grande influencia para as Ciencias Sociais e para a Filosofía e xerou discusións no campo das Ciencias Naturais. Sandra Harding foi consultada por numerosos organismos acerca de temas relacionados co feminismo e a ciencia poscolonial, foi o caso da Organización Panamericana da Saúde, o Fondo de Desenvolvemento das Nacións Unidas para a Muller e a Comisión de Ciencia e Tecnoloxía para o Desenvolvemento da Organización das Nacións Unidas (ONU). Foi coautora xunto a Elizabeth McGregor do capítulo "El Lugar de las mujeres en la ciencia y la Tecnología" do Informe mundial sobre la ciencia da UNESCO no ano 1996.
Participou do debate acerca da neutralidade da ciencia no que se veu a chamar as Guerras da ciencia. [Cómpre referencia] Obras
Libros
(ed. ), Can Theories be Refuted? Essays on the Duhem-Quine Thesis, 1976.
The Science Question in Feminism, 1986.
con Jean F. O'Barr (ed. ), Sex and Scientific Inquiry, 1987.
(ed. ), Feminism and Methodology: Social Science Issues, 1987.
Whose Science? Whose Knowledge? : Thinking from Women's Lives, 1991.
(ed. ), The ‘Racial’ Economy of Science: Toward a Democratic Future, 1993.
Is Science Multicultural? Postcolonialisms, Feminisms, and Epistemologies, 1998.
con Uma Narayan (ed. ), Decentering the Center: Philosophy for a Multicultural, Postcolonial, and Feminist World, 2000.
con Robert Figueroa (ed. ), Science and Other Cultures: Issues in Philosophies of Science and Technology, 2003.
con Merrill B. Hintikka (ed. ), Discovering Reality: Feminist Perspectives on Epistemology, Metaphysics, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science. Segunda Edición, 2003 (1983).
(ed. ), Feminist Standpoint Theory Reader, 2004.
Science and Social Inequality: Feminist and Postcolonial Issues, 2006.
Sciences From Below: Feminisms, Postcolonialities, and Modernities, 2008.
(ed. ), The Postcolonial Science and Technology Studies Reader, Duke UP 2011
Objectivity and Diversity: Another Logic of Scientific Research, 2015.
Artigos
1973. “Feminism: Reform or Revolution? ” Philosophical Forum (Boston) 5, 271–284
1979. “The Social Function of the Empiricist Conception of Mind, ” Metaphilosophy 10 (1 de xaneiro), 38–47
1979. “Is the Equality of Opportunity Principle Democratic? ” Philosophical Forum (Boston) 10 (1 de decembro), 206–22
1982. “Is Gender a Variable in Conceptions of Rationality: A Survey of Issues, ” Dialectica, 36 (1 de xaneiro): 225–42
1983. “Why Has the Sex/Gender System Become Visible Only Now, ” in Discovering Reality, ed. Sandra Harding e Merrill Hintikka
1987. “The Method Question, ” Hypatia: A Journal of Feminist Philosophy 2, 19–35
1987. “The Curious Coincidence of Feminine and African Moralities, ” Women and Moral Theory, ed. Eva Feder Kittay e Diana Meyers
1990. “Starting Thought From Women’s Lives: Eight Resources for Maximizing Objectivity, ” Journal of Social Philosophy 21(2-3), 140-49
1990. “Feminism, Science, and the Anti-Enlightenment Critiques, ” in Feminism/Postmodernism, ed. Linda Nicholson, 83-106
1992. “After Eurocentrism? Challenges for the Philosophy of Science, ” PSA 1992 Vol. 2, 311–319
1993. “Rethinking Standpoint Epistemology: What Is ‘Strong Objectivity’? ” in Feminist Epistemologies, ed. Linda Alcoff e Elizabeth Potter
1995. “‘Strong Objectivity’: A Response to the New Objectivity Question, ” Synthese, Vol. 104, No. 3, pp. 331-349
1998. “Women, Science, and Society, ” Science, New Series, Vol. 281, No. 5383 (Sep 111998), 1599-1600
2002. “Must the Advance of Science Advance Global Inequality? ” International Studies Review, Vol. 4, No. 2 (Verán), 87-105
2003. “How Standpoint Methodology Informs Philosophy of Social Science, ” en Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of the Social Sciences
2004. “A Socially Relevant Philosophy of Science? Resources from Standpoint Theory’s Controversiality, ” Hypatia, Vol. 19, Núm. 1, 25–47
2005. “‘Science and Democracy: ’ Replayed or Redesigned? ” Social Epistemology, Vol. 19, No. 1, 5–18
2006. “Two Influential Theories of Ignorance and Philosophy's Interests in Ignoring Them, ” Hypatia, Vol. 21, Núm. 3 (Verán), 20-36
2007. “Modernity, Science, and Democracy, ” in Social Philosophy Today, Volume 22. Philosophy Documentation Center
2008. “How Many Epistemologies Should Guide the Production of Scientific Knowledge? ” Hypatia, Vol. 23, Núm. 4, 212-219
2009. “Postcolonial and Feminist Philosophies of Science and Technology, ” Postcolonial Studies, Vol. 12, Núm. 4, p. 410-429
2010. “Standpoint Methodologies and Epistemologies: A Logic of Scientific Inquiry for People, ” World Social Science Report 2010, 173-5
2012. “Objectivity and Diversity, ” en Encyclopedia of Diversity in Education, ed. James Banks
2017. “Latin American Decolonial Studies: Feminist Issues, ” Feminist Studies, Vol. 43, Núm. 3, 624-636
con Kathryn Norberg, 2005. “New Feminist Approaches to Social Science Methodologies: An Introduction, ” Signs, Vol. 30, Núm. 4, 2009-15