Изотопи на хафниумот

Природниот хафниум (<sub>72</sub>Hf) се состои од пет набљудувачки стабилни изотопи (<sup>176</sup>Hf, <sup>177</sup>Hf, <sup>178</sup>Hf, <sup>179</sup>Hf и <sup>180</sup>Hf) и еден многу долг животен радиоизотоп, <sup>174</sup>Hf, со полуживот од години. Дополнително, постојат 34 познати синтетички радиоизотопи, од кои најстабилниот е <sup>182</sup>Hf со период на полураспаѓање од години. Овој изумрен радионуклид се користи во датирањето на хафниум-волфрам за проучување на хронологијата на планетарната диференцијација.
Ниту еден друг радиоизотоп нема период на полураспаѓање над 1,87 години. Повеќето изотопи имаат период на полураспаѓање под 1 минута. Исто така, постојат најмалку 27 јадрени изомери, од кои најстабилниот е <sup>178m2</sup>Hf со период на полураспаѓање од 31 година. Сите изотопи на хафниум се или радиоактивни или набљудувачки стабилни, што значи дека се предвидува дека се радиоактивни, но не е забележано вистинско распаѓање.
1 Список на изотопи
<sup>153</sup>Hf, 72, 81, 152.97069(32)#, 400# ms[>200 ns], 1/2+#
<sup>154</sup>Hf, 72, 82, 153.96486(32)#, 2(1) s, β<sup>+</sup>, <sup>154</sup>Lu, 0+
α (rare), <sup>150</sup>Yb
<sup>154m</sup>Hf, 2721(50)# keV, 9(4) μs, IT, <sup>154</sup>Hf, (10+)
<sup>155</sup>Hf, 72, 83, 154.96317(32)#, 843(30) ms, β<sup>+</sup>, <sup>155</sup>Lu, 7/2−#
<sup>156</sup>Hf, 72, 84, 155.95940(16), 23(1) ms, α, <sup>152</sup>Yb, 0+
<sup>156m</sup>Hf, 1958.8(10) keV, 480(40) μs, α, <sup>152</sup>Yb, (8+)
<sup>157</sup>Hf, 72, 85, 156.95829(22)#, 115(1) ms, α (94%), <sup>153</sup>Yb, 7/2−
β<sup>+</sup> (6%), <sup>157</sup>Lu
<sup>158</sup>Hf, 72, 86, 157.954801(19), 2.85(7) s, β<sup>+</sup> (55.7%), <sup>158</sup>Lu, 0+
α (44.3%), <sup>154</sup>Yb
<sup>159</sup>Hf, 72, 87, 158.953996(18), 5.20(10) s, β<sup>+</sup> (65%), <sup>159</sup>Lu, 7/2−
α (35%), <sup>155</sup>Yb
<sup>160</sup>Hf, 72, 88, 159.950683(10), 13.6(2) s, β<sup>+</sup> (99.3%), <sup>160</sup>Lu, 0+
α (0.7%), <sup>156</sup>Yb
<sup>161</sup>Hf, 72, 89, 160.950278(25), 18.4(4) s, β<sup>+</sup> (99.71%), <sup>161</sup>Lu, (7/2−)
α (0.29%), <sup>157</sup>Yb
<sup>161m</sup>Hf, 329.0(5) keV, 4.8(2) μs, IT, <sup>161</sup>Yb, (13/2+)
<sup>162</sup>Hf, 72, 90, 161.9472155(96), 39.4(9) s, β<sup>+</sup> (99.99%), <sup>162</sup>Lu, 0+
α (0.008%), <sup>158</sup>Yb
<sup>163</sup>Hf, 72, 91, 162.947107(28), 40.0(6) s, β<sup>+</sup>, <sup>163</sup>Lu, (5/2−)
<sup>164</sup>Hf, 72, 92, 163.944371(17), 111(8) s, β<sup>+</sup>, <sup>164</sup>Lu, 0+
<sup>165</sup>Hf, 72, 93, 164.944567(30), 76(4) s, β<sup>+</sup>, <sup>165</sup>Lu, (5/2−)
<sup>166</sup>Hf, 72, 94, 165.942180(30), 6.77(30) min, β<sup>+</sup>, <sup>166</sup>Lu, 0+
<sup>167</sup>Hf, 72, 95, 166.942600(30), 2.05(5) min, β<sup>+</sup>, <sup>167</sup>Lu, (5/2)−
<sup>168</sup>Hf, 72, 96, 167.940568(30), 25.95(20) min, EC (98%), <sup>168</sup>Lu, 0+
β<sup>+</sup> (2%), <sup>168</sup>Lu
<sup>169</sup>Hf, 72, 97, 168.941259(30), 3.24(4) min, β<sup>+</sup>, <sup>169</sup>Lu, (5/2−)
<sup>170</sup>Hf, 72, 98, 169.939609(30), 16.01(13) h, EC, <sup>170</sup>Lu, 0+
<sup>171</sup>Hf, 72, 99, 170.940492(31), 12.1(4) h, β<sup>+</sup>, <sup>171</sup>Lu, 7/2+
<sup>171m</sup>Hf, 21.93(9) keV, 29.5(9) s, IT, <sup>171</sup>Hf, 1/2−
<sup>172</sup>Hf, 72, 100, 171.939450(26), 1.87(3) y, EC, <sup>172</sup>Lu, 0+
<sup>172m</sup>Hf, 2005.84(11) keV, 163(3) ns, IT, <sup>172</sup>Hf, (8−)
<sup>173</sup>Hf, 72, 101, 172.940513(30), 23.6(1) h, β<sup>+</sup>, <sup>173</sup>Lu, 1/2−
<sup>173m1</sup>Hf, 107.16(5) keV, 180(8) ns, IT, <sup>173</sup>Hf, 5/2−
<sup>173m2</sup>Hf, 197.47(10) keV, 160(40) ns, IT, <sup>173</sup>Hf, 7/2+
<sup>174</sup>Hf, 72, 102, 173.9400484(24), <ref, α, <sup>170</sup>Yb, 0+, 0.0016(12)
<sup>174m1</sup>Hf, 1549.26(4) keV, 138(4) ns, IT, ''<sup>174</sup>Hf'', 6+
<sup>174m2</sup>Hf, 1797.59(7) keV, 2.39(4) μs, IT, ''<sup>174</sup>Hf'', 8−
<sup>174m3</sup>Hf, 3312.07(6) keV, 3.7(2) μs, IT, ''<sup>174</sup>Hf'', 14+
<sup>175</sup>Hf, 72, 103, 174.9415114(25), 70.65(19) d, EC, <sup>175</sup>Lu, 5/2−
<sup>175m1</sup>Hf, 125.89(12) keV, 53.7(15) μs, IT, <sup>175</sup>Hf, 1/2−
<sup>175m2</sup>Hf, 1433.41(12) keV, 1.10(8) μs, IT, <sup>175</sup>Hf, 19/2+
<sup>175m3</sup>Hf, 3015.6(4) keV, 1.21(15) μs, IT, <sup>175</sup>Hf, 35/2−
<sup>175m4</sup>Hf, 4636.2(12) keV, 1.9(1) μs, IT, <sup>175</sup>Hf, 45/2+
<sup>176</sup>Hf, 72, 104, 175.9414098(16), Observationally Stable, 0+, 0.0526(70)
<sup>176m1</sup>Hf, 1333.07(7) keV, 9.6(3) μs, IT, <sup>176</sup>Hf, 6+
<sup>176m2</sup>Hf, 1559.31(9) keV, 9.9(2) μs, IT, <sup>176</sup>Hf, 8−
<sup>176m3</sup>Hf, 2865.8(7) keV, 401(6) μs, IT, <sup>176</sup>Hf, 14−
<sup>176m4</sup>Hf, 4863.6(9) keV, 43(4) μs, IT, <sup>176</sup>Hf, 22−
<sup>177</sup>Hf, 72, 105, 176.9432302(15), Observationally Stable, 7/2−, 0.1860(16)
<sup>177m1</sup>Hf, 1315.4502(8) keV, 1.09(5) s, IT, <sup>177</sup>Hf, 23/2+
<sup>177m2</sup>Hf, 1342.4(10) keV, 55.9(12) μs, IT, <sup>177</sup>Hf, (19/2−)
<sup>177m3</sup>Hf, 2740.02(15) keV, 51.4(5) min, IT, <sup>177</sup>Hf, 37/2−
<sup>178</sup>Hf, 72, 106, 177.9437083(15), Observationally Stable, 0+, 0.2728(28)
<sup>178m1</sup>Hf, 1147.416(6) keV, 4.0(2) s, IT, <sup>178</sup>Hf, 8−
<sup>178m2</sup>Hf, 2446.09(8) keV, 31(1) y, IT, <sup>178</sup>Hf, 16+
<sup>178m3</sup>Hf, 2572.4(3) keV, 68(2) μs, IT, <sup>178</sup>Hf, 14−
<sup>179</sup>Hf, 72, 107, 178.9458257(15), Observationally Stable, 9/2+, 0.1362(11)
<sup>179m1</sup>Hf, 375.0352(25) keV, 18.67(4) s, IT, <sup>179</sup>Hf, 1/2−
<sup>179m2</sup>Hf, 1106.412(33) keV, 25.00(17) d, IT, <sup>179</sup>Hf, 25/2−
<sup>179m3</sup>Hf, 3775.2(21) keV, 15(5) μs, IT, <sup>179</sup>Hf, (43/2+)
<sup>180</sup>Hf, 72, 108, 179.9465595(15), Observationally Stable, 0+, 0.3508(33)
<sup>180m1</sup>Hf, 1141.552(15) keV, 5.53(2) h, IT (99.69%), <sup>180</sup>Hf, 8−
β<sup>−</sup> (0.31%), <sup>180m1</sup>Ta<sup>180m2</sup>Hf, 1374.36(4) keV, 570(20) μs, IT, <sup>180</sup>Hf, 4−
<sup>180m3</sup>Hf, 2485.5(5) keV, 0.94(11) μs, IT, <sup>180</sup>Hf, 12+
<sup>180m4</sup>Hf, 3599.0(10) keV, 90(10) μs, IT, <sup>180</sup>Hf, (18−)
<sup>181</sup>Hf, 72, 109, 180.9491108(15), 42.39(6) d, β<sup>−</sup>, <sup>181</sup>Ta, 1/2−
<sup>181m1</sup>Hf, 595.27(4) keV, 80(5) μs, IT, <sup>181</sup>Hf, (9/2+)
<sup>181m2</sup>Hf, 1043.5(8) keV, ~100 μs, IT, <sup>181</sup>Hf, (17/2+)
<sup>181m3</sup>Hf, 1741.9(13) keV, 1.5(5) ms, IT, <sup>181</sup>Hf, (25/2−)
<sup>182</sup>Hf, 72, 110, 181.9505637(66), 8.90(9)×10<sup>6</sup> y, β<sup>−</sup>, <sup>182</sup>Ta, 0+
<sup>182m1</sup>Hf, 1172.87(18) keV, 61.5(15) min, β<sup>−</sup> (54%), <sup>182</sup>Ta, 8−
IT (46%), <sup>182</sup>Hf
<sup>182m2</sup>Hf, 2571.3(12) keV, 40(10) μs, IT, <sup>182</sup>Hf, (13+)
<sup>183</sup>Hf, 72, 111, 182.953533(32), 1.018(2) h, β<sup>−</sup>, <sup>183</sup>Ta, (3/2−)
<sup>183m</sup>Hf, 1464(64) keV, 40(30) s, IT, <sup>183</sup>Hf, 27/2−#
<sup>184</sup>Hf, 72, 112, 183.955449(43), 4.12(5) h, β<sup>−</sup>, <sup>184</sup>Ta, 0+
<sup>184m1</sup>Hf, 1272.2(4) keV, 48(10) s, IT, <sup>184</sup>Hf, 8−
<sup>184m2</sup>Hf, 2477(10) keV, 16(7) min, 15+#
<sup>185</sup>Hf, 72, 113, 184.958862(69), 3.5(6) min, β<sup>−</sup>, <sup>185</sup>Ta, (9/2−)
<sup>186</sup>Hf, 72, 114, 185.960897(55), 2.6(12) min, β<sup>−</sup>, <sup>186</sup>Ta, 0+
<sup>186m</sup>Hf, 2968(43) keV, >20 s, 17+#
<sup>187</sup>Hf, 72, 115, 186.96457(22)#, 14# s[>300 ns], 9/2−#
<sup>187m</sup>Hf, 500(300)# keV, 270(80) ns, IT, <sup>187</sup>Hf, 3/2−#
<sup>188</sup>Hf, 72, 116, 187.96690(32)#, 7# s[>300 ns], 0+
<sup>189</sup>Hf, 72, 117, 188.97085(32)#, 400# ms[>300 ns], 3/2−#
<sup>190</sup>Hf, 72, 118, 189.97338(43)#, 600# ms[>300 ns], 0+
<sup>191</sup>Hf<ref, 72, 119
<sup>192</sup>Hf<ref, 72, 120, 0+
2 Наводи