Source: {"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"}

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates generally to ratchet wrench construction, and more specifically to improvements to ratchet wrenches of the sectional socket type which are usable where limited access normally requires an open ended wrench.
2. Description of the Prior Art
There are a number of applications in which a closed end or socket wrench is preferred for use in making up or breaking a high torque union. One of the most common jobs in which this situation occurs is in the making and breaking of pipe union connections in which pipe sections extend both above and below the union, thereby making it impossible to use the standard box end wrench or socket. Additionally, there are a number of jobs in which such pipe unions are disposed in relatively inaccessible locations, which limit the stroke range of back-and-forth manipulations required for making up or breaking the coupling or union. This situation is commonly encountered in domestic plumbing installations. In such installations, it is not uncommon to find a pipe coupling which is frozen in place and which requires the application of high torque to break the coupling loose. Because of the high torque requirements of such a situation, it would be desirable to apply the breaking torque through a closed end box wrench, and because of the limited access typically found in such installations, it would also be desirable to apply the torque through a ratchet assembly.