(* (c) Copyright 2006-2016 Microsoft Corporation and Inria.                  *)
(* Distributed under the terms of CeCILL-B.                                  *)
From mathcomp
From mathcomp
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(* This file contains the definitions of:                                     *)
(*        prime p <=> p is a prime.                                           *)
(*       primes m == the sorted list of prime divisors of m > 1, else [::].   *)
(*        pfactor == the type of prime factors, syntax (p ^ e)%pfactor.       *)
(* prime_decomp m == the list of prime factors of m > 1, sorted by primes.    *)
(*       logn p m == the e such that (p ^ e) \in prime_decomp n, else 0.      *)
(*  trunc_log p m == the largest e such that p ^ e <= m, or 0 if p or m is 0. *)
(*         pdiv n == the smallest prime divisor of n > 1, else 1.             *)
(*     max_pdiv n == the largest prime divisor of n > 1, else 1.              *)
(*     divisors m == the sorted list of divisors of m > 0, else [::].         *)
(*      totient n == the Euler totient (#|{i < n | i and n coprime}|).        *)
(*       nat_pred == the type of explicit collective nat predicates.          *)
(*                := simpl_pred nat.                                          *)
(*    -> We allow the coercion nat >-> nat_pred, interpreting p as pred1 p.   *)
(*    -> We define a predType for nat_pred, enabling the notation p \in pi.   *)
(*    -> We don't have nat_pred >-> pred, which would imply nat >-> Funclass. *)
(*           pi^' == the complement of pi : nat_pred, i.e., the nat_pred such *)
(*                   that (p \in pi^') = (p \notin pi).                       *)
(*         \pi(n) == the set of prime divisors of n, i.e., the nat_pred such  *)
(*                   that (p \in \pi(n)) = (p \in primes n).                  *)
(*         \pi(A) == the set of primes of #|A|, with A a collective predicate *)
(*                   over a finite Type.                                      *)
(*     -> The notation \pi(A) is implemented with a collapsible Coercion, so  *)
(*        the type of A must coerce to finpred_class (e.g., by coercing to    *)
(*        {set T}), not merely implement the predType interface (as seq T     *)
(*        does).                                                              *)
(*     -> The expression #|A| will only appear in \pi(A) after simplification *)
(*        collapses the coercion stack, so it is advisable to do so early on. *)
(*     pi.-nat n <=> n > 0 and all prime divisors of n are in pi.             *)
(*          n`_pi == the pi-part of n -- the largest pi.-nat divisor of n.    *)
(*               := \prod_(0 <= p < n.+1 | p \in pi) p ^ logn p n.            *)
(*     -> The nat >-> nat_pred coercion lets us write p.-nat n and n`_p.      *)
(* In addition to the lemmas relevant to these definitions, this file also    *)
(* contains the dvdn_sum lemma, so that bigop.v doesn't depend on div.v.      *)
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Set Implicit Arguments.
Unset Strict Implicit.
Unset Printing Implicit Defensive.
(* The complexity of any arithmetic operation with the Peano representation *)
(* is pretty dreadful, so using algorithms for "harder" problems such as    *)
(* factoring, that are geared for efficient artihmetic leads to dismal      *)
(* performance -- it takes a significant time, for instance, to compute the *)
(* divisors of just a two-digit number. On the other hand, for Peano        *)
(* integers, prime factoring (and testing) is linear-time with a small      *)
(* constant factor -- indeed, the same as converting in and out of a binary *)
(* representation. This is implemented by the code below, which is then     *)
(* used to give the "standard" definitions of prime, primes, and divisors,  *)
(* which can then be used casually in proofs with moderately-sized numeric  *)
(* values (indeed, the code here performs well for up to 6-digit numbers).  *)
(* We start with faster mod-2 functions. *)
Fixpoint edivn2 q r := if r is r'.+2 then edivn2 q.+1 r' else (q, r).

Lemma edivn2P n : edivn_spec n 2 (edivn2 0 n).
Fixpoint elogn2 e q r {struct q} :=
match q, r with
| 0, _ | _, 0 => (e, q)
| q'.+1, 1 => elogn2 e.+1 q' q'
| q'.+1, r'.+2 => elogn2 e q' r'
end.