(* (c) Copyright 2006-2016 Microsoft Corporation and Inria.                  *)
(* Distributed under the terms of CeCILL-B.                                  *)
From mathcomp
From mathcomp
(******************************************************************************)
(*                                                                            *)
(* This file defines some classes to manipulate number structures, i.e        *)
(*   structures with an order and a norm                                      *)
(*                                                                            *)
(*   * NumDomain  (Integral domain with an order and a norm)                  *)
(*         NumMixin == the mixin that provides an order and a norm over       *)
(*                     a ring and their characteristic properties.            *)
(*    numDomainType == interface for a num integral domain.                   *)
(*    NumDomainType T m                                                       *)
(*                  == packs the num mixin into a numberDomainType. The       *)
(*                     carrier T must have a integral domain structure.       *)
(*  [numDomainType of T for S ]                                               *)
(*                  == T-clone of the numDomainType structure  S.             *)
(*  [numDomainType of T]                                                      *)
(*                 == clone of a canonical numDomainType structure on T.      *)
(*                                                                            *)
(*   * NumField (Field with an order and a norm)                              *)
(*    numFieldType == interface for a num field.                              *)
(*  [numFieldType of T]                                                       *)
(*                  == clone of a canonical numFieldType structure on T       *)
(*                                                                            *)
(*   * NumClosedField (Closed Field with an order and a norm)                 *)
(*    numClosedFieldType                                                      *)
(*                  == interface for a num closed field.                      *)
(*  [numClosedFieldType of T]                                                 *)
(*                  == clone of a canonical numClosedFieldType structure on T *)
(*                                                                            *)
(*   * RealDomain  (Num domain where all elements are positive or negative)   *)
(*   realDomainType == interface for a real integral domain.                  *)
(*   RealDomainType T r                                                       *)
(*                  == packs the  real axiom r into a realDomainType. The     *)
(*                     carrier T must have a num domain structure.            *)
(*  [realDomainType of T for S ]                                              *)
(*                  == T-clone of the realDomainType structure  S.            *)
(*  [realDomainType of T]                                                     *)
(*                  == clone of a canonical realDomainType structure on T.    *)
(*                                                                            *)
(*   * RealField (Num Field where all elements are positive or negative)      *)
(*    realFieldType == interface for a real field.                            *)
(*  [realFieldType of T]                                                      *)
(*                  == clone of a canonical realFieldType structure on T      *)
(*                                                                            *)
(*   * ArchiField (A Real Field with the archimedean axiom)                   *)
(*  archiFieldType  == interface for an archimedean field.                    *)
(*   ArchiFieldType T r                                                       *)
(*                  == packs the archimeadean axiom r into an archiFieldType. *)
(*                     The  carrier T must have a real field type structure.  *)
(*  [archiFieldType of T for S ]                                              *)
(*                  == T-clone of the archiFieldType structure  S.            *)
(*  [archiFieldType of T]                                                     *)
(*                  == clone of a canonical archiFieldType structure on T     *)
(*                                                                            *)
(*   * RealClosedField (Real Field with the real closed axiom)                *)
(*    rcfType       == interface for a real closed field.                     *)
(*   RcfType T r    == packs the real closed axiom r into a                   *)
(*                     rcfType. The  carrier T must have a real               *)
(*                     field type structure.                                  *)
(*  [rcfType of T]  == clone of a canonical realClosedFieldType structure on  *)
(*                     T.                                                     *)
(*  [rcfType of T for S ]                                                     *)
(*                  == T-clone of the realClosedFieldType structure  S.       *)
(*                                                                            *)
(*   * NumClosedField (Partially ordered Closed Field with conjugation)       *)
(*    numClosedFieldType       == interface for a closed field with conj.     *)
(*  NumClosedFieldType T r    == packs the real closed axiom r into a         *)
(*                     numClosedFieldType. The  carrier T must have a closed  *)
(*                     field type structure.                                  *)
(*  [numClosedFieldType of T]  == clone of a canonical numClosedFieldType     *)
(*                               structure on  T                              *)
(*  [numClosedFieldType of T for S ]                                          *)
(*                  == T-clone of the realClosedFieldType structure  S.       *)
(*                                                                            *)
(* Over these structures, we have the following operations                    *)
(*            `|x| == norm of x.                                              *)
(*          x <= y <=> x is less than or equal to y (:= '|y - x| == y - x).   *)
(*           x < y <=> x is less than y (:= (x <= y) && (x != y)).            *)
(* x <= y ?= iff C <-> x is less than y, or equal iff C is true.              *)
(*        Num.sg x == sign of x: equal to 0 iff x = 0, to 1 iff x > 0, and    *)
(*                    to -1 in all other cases (including x < 0).             *)
(*  x \is a Num.pos <=> x is positive (:= x > 0).                             *)
(*  x \is a Num.neg <=> x is negative (:= x < 0).                             *)
(* x \is a Num.nneg <=> x is positive or 0 (:= x >= 0).                       *)
(* x \is a Num.real <=> x is real (:= x >= 0 or x < 0).                       *)
(*      Num.min x y == minimum of x y                                         *)
(*      Num.max x y == maximum of x y                                         *)
(*      Num.bound x == in archimedean fields, and upper bound for x, i.e.,    *)
(*                     and n such that `|x| < n%:R.                           *)
(*       Num.sqrt x == in a real-closed field, a positive square root of x if *)
(*                     x >= 0, or 0 otherwise.                                *)
(* For numeric algebraically closed fields we provide the generic definitions *)
(*         'i == the imaginary number (:= sqrtC (-1)).                        *)
(*      'Re z == the real component of z.                                     *)
(*      'Im z == the imaginary component of z.                                *)
(*        z^* == the complex conjugate of z (:= conjC z).                     *)
(*    sqrtC z == a nonnegative square root of z, i.e., 0 <= sqrt x if 0 <= x. *)
(*  n.-root z == more generally, for n > 0, an nth root of z, chosen with a   *)
(*               minimal non-negative argument for n > 1 (i.e., with a        *)
(*               maximal real part subject to a nonnegative imaginary part).  *)
(*               Note that n.-root (-1) is a primitive 2nth root of unity,    *)
(*               an thus not equal to -1 for n odd > 1 (this will be shown in *)
(*               file cyclotomic.v).                                          *)
(*                                                                            *)
(*  There are now three distinct uses of the symbols <, <=, > and >=:         *)
(*    0-ary, unary (prefix) and binary (infix).                               *)
(*  0. <%R, <=%R, >%R, >=%R stand respectively for lt, le, gt and ge.         *)
(*  1. (< x),  (<= x), (> x),  (>= x) stand respectively for                  *)
(*     (gt x), (ge x), (lt x), (le x).                                        *)
(*     So (< x) is a predicate characterizing elements smaller than x.        *)
(*  2. (x < y), (x <= y), ... mean what they are expected to.                 *)
(*  These convention are compatible with haskell's,                           *)
(*   where ((< y) x) = (x < y) = ((<) x y),                                   *)
(*   except that we write <%R instead of (<).                                 *)
(*                                                                            *)
(* - list of prefixes :                                                       *)
(*   p : positive                                                             *)
(*   n : negative                                                             *)
(*   sp : strictly positive                                                   *)
(*   sn : strictly negative                                                   *)
(*   i : interior = in [0, 1] or ]0, 1[                                       *)
(*   e : exterior = in [1, +oo[ or ]1; +oo[                                   *)
(*   w : non strict (weak) monotony                                           *)
(*                                                                            *)
(* [arg minr_(i < i0 | P) M] == a value i : T minimizing M : R, subject       *)
(*                   to the condition P (i may appear in P and M), and        *)
(*                   provided P holds for i0.                                 *)
(* [arg maxr_(i > i0 | P) M] == a value i maximizing M subject to P and       *)
(*                   provided P holds for i0.                                 *)
(* [arg minr_(i < i0 in A) M] == an i \in A minimizing M if i0 \in A.         *)
(* [arg maxr_(i > i0 in A) M] == an i \in A maximizing M if i0 \in A.         *)
(* [arg minr_(i < i0) M] == an i : T minimizing M, given i0 : T.              *)
(* [arg maxr_(i > i0) M] == an i : T maximizing M, given i0 : T.              *)
(******************************************************************************)
Set Implicit Arguments.
Unset Strict Implicit.
Unset Printing Implicit Defensive.
Local Open Scope ring_scope.
Reserved Notation "<= y" (at level 35).
Reserved Notation ">= y" (at level 35).
Reserved Notation "< y" (at level 35).
Reserved Notation "> y" (at level 35).
Reserved Notation "<= y :> T" (at level 35, y at next level).
Reserved Notation ">= y :> T" (at level 35, y at next level).
Reserved Notation "< y :> T" (at level 35, y at next level).
Reserved Notation "> y :> T" (at level 35, y at next level).
Module Num.
(* Principal mixin; further classes add axioms rather than operations. *)
Record mixin_of (R : ringType) := Mixin {
norm_op : R -> R;
le_op : rel R;
lt_op : rel R;
_ : forall x y, le_op (norm_op (x + y)) (norm_op x + norm_op y);
_ : forall x y, lt_op 0 x -> lt_op 0 y -> lt_op 0 (x + y);
_ : forall x, norm_op x = 0 -> x = 0;
_ : forall x y, le_op 0 x -> le_op 0 y -> le_op x y || le_op y x;
_ : {morph norm_op : x y / x * y};
_ : forall x y, (le_op x y) = (norm_op (y - x) == y - x);
_ : forall x y, (lt_op x y) = (y != x) && (le_op x y)
}.
Local Notation ring_for T b := (@GRing.Ring.Pack T b).
(* Base interface. *)
Module NumDomain.
Section ClassDef.
Record class_of T := Class {
base : GRing.IntegralDomain.class_of T;
mixin : mixin_of (ring_for T base)
}.
Local Coercion base : class_of >-> GRing.IntegralDomain.class_of.
Structure type := Pack {sort; _ : class_of sort}.
Local Coercion sort : type >-> Sortclass.
Variables (T : Type) (cT : type).
Definition class := let: Pack _ c  as cT' := cT return class_of cT' in c.
Let xT := let: Pack T _ := cT in T.
Notation xclass := (class : class_of xT).
Definition clone c of phant_id class c := @Pack T c.
Definition pack b0 (m0 : mixin_of (ring_for T b0)) :=
fun bT b & phant_id (GRing.IntegralDomain.class bT) b =>
fun    m & phant_id m0 m => Pack (@Class T b m).
Definition eqType := @Equality.Pack cT xclass.
Definition choiceType := @Choice.Pack cT xclass.
Definition zmodType := @GRing.Zmodule.Pack cT xclass.
Definition ringType := @GRing.Ring.Pack cT xclass.
Definition comRingType := @GRing.ComRing.Pack cT xclass.
Definition unitRingType := @GRing.UnitRing.Pack cT xclass.
Definition comUnitRingType := @GRing.ComUnitRing.Pack cT xclass.
Definition idomainType := @GRing.IntegralDomain.Pack cT xclass.
End ClassDef.
Module Exports.
Coercion base : class_of >-> GRing.IntegralDomain.class_of.
Coercion mixin : class_of >-> mixin_of.
Coercion sort : type >-> Sortclass.
Bind Scope ring_scope with sort.
Coercion eqType : type >-> Equality.type.
Canonical eqType.
Coercion choiceType : type >-> Choice.type.
Canonical choiceType.
Coercion zmodType : type >-> GRing.Zmodule.type.
Canonical zmodType.
Coercion ringType : type >-> GRing.Ring.type.
Canonical ringType.
Coercion comRingType : type >-> GRing.ComRing.type.
Canonical comRingType.
Coercion unitRingType : type >-> GRing.UnitRing.type.
Canonical unitRingType.
Coercion comUnitRingType : type >-> GRing.ComUnitRing.type.
Canonical comUnitRingType.
Coercion idomainType : type >-> GRing.IntegralDomain.type.
Canonical idomainType.
Notation numDomainType := type.
Notation NumMixin := Mixin.
Notation NumDomainType T m := (@pack T _ m _ _ id _ id).
Notation "[ 'numDomainType' 'of' T 'for' cT ]" := (@clone T cT _ idfun)
(at level 0, format "[ 'numDomainType'  'of'  T  'for'  cT ]") : form_scope.
Notation "[ 'numDomainType' 'of' T ]" := (@clone T _ _ id)
(at level 0, format "[ 'numDomainType'  'of'  T ]") : form_scope.
End Exports.
End NumDomain.
Module Import Def. Section Def.
Context {R : type}.
Implicit Types (x y : R) (C : bool).
Definition normr : R -> R := norm_op (class R).
Definition ler : rel R := le_op (class R).
Definition ltr : rel R := lt_op (class R).
Local Notation "x <= y" := (ler x y) : ring_scope.
Local Notation "x < y" := (ltr x y) : ring_scope.
Definition ger : simpl_rel R := [rel x y | y <= x].
Definition gtr : simpl_rel R := [rel x y | y < x].
Definition lerif x y C : Prop := ((x <= y) * ((x == y) = C))%type.
Definition sgr x : R := if x == 0 then 0 else if x < 0 then -1 else 1.
Definition minr x y : R := if x <= y then x else y.
Definition maxr x y : R := if y <= x then x else y.
Definition Rpos : qualifier 0 R := [qualify x : R | 0 < x].
Definition Rneg : qualifier 0 R := [qualify x : R | x < 0].
Definition Rnneg : qualifier 0 R := [qualify x : R | 0 <= x].
Definition Rreal : qualifier 0 R := [qualify x : R | (0 <= x) || (x <= 0)].
End Def. End Def.
(* Shorter qualified names, when Num.Def is not imported. *)
Notation norm := normr.
Notation le := ler.
Notation lt := ltr.
Notation ge := ger.
Notation gt := gtr.
Notation sg := sgr.
Notation max := maxr.
Notation min := minr.
Notation pos := Rpos.
Notation neg := Rneg.
Notation nneg := Rnneg.
Notation real := Rreal.
Module Keys. Section Keys.
Variable R : numDomainType.
Fact Rpos_key : pred_key (@pos R). Proof. by []. Qed.
Definition Rpos_keyed := KeyedQualifier Rpos_key.
Fact Rneg_key : pred_key (@real R). Proof. by []. Qed.
Definition Rneg_keyed := KeyedQualifier Rneg_key.
Fact Rnneg_key : pred_key (@nneg R). Proof. by []. Qed.
Definition Rnneg_keyed := KeyedQualifier Rnneg_key.
Fact Rreal_key : pred_key (@real R). Proof. by []. Qed.
Definition Rreal_keyed := KeyedQualifier Rreal_key.
Definition ler_of_leif x y C (le_xy : @lerif R x y C) := le_xy.1 : le x y.
End Keys. End Keys.
(* (Exported) symbolic syntax. *)
Module Import Syntax.
Notation "`| x |" := (norm x) : ring_scope.
Notation "<%R" := lt : ring_scope.
Notation ">%R" := gt : ring_scope.
Notation "<=%R" := le : ring_scope.
Notation ">=%R" := ge : ring_scope.
Notation "<?=%R" := lerif : ring_scope.
Notation "< y" := (gt y) : ring_scope.
Notation "< y :> T" := (< (y : T)) : ring_scope.
Notation "> y" := (lt y) : ring_scope.
Notation "> y :> T" := (> (y : T)) : ring_scope.
Notation "<= y" := (ge y) : ring_scope.
Notation "<= y :> T" := (<= (y : T)) : ring_scope.
Notation ">= y"  := (le y) : ring_scope.
Notation ">= y :> T" := (>= (y : T)) : ring_scope.
Notation "x < y"  := (lt x y) : ring_scope.
Notation "x < y :> T" := ((x : T) < (y : T)) : ring_scope.
Notation "x > y"  := (y < x) (only parsing) : ring_scope.
Notation "x > y :> T" := ((x : T) > (y : T)) (only parsing) : ring_scope.
Notation "x <= y" := (le x y) : ring_scope.
Notation "x <= y :> T" := ((x : T) <= (y : T)) : ring_scope.
Notation "x >= y" := (y <= x) (only parsing) : ring_scope.
Notation "x >= y :> T" := ((x : T) >= (y : T)) (only parsing) : ring_scope.
Notation "x <= y <= z" := ((x <= y) && (y <= z)) : ring_scope.
Notation "x < y <= z" := ((x < y) && (y <= z)) : ring_scope.
Notation "x <= y < z" := ((x <= y) && (y < z)) : ring_scope.
Notation "x < y < z" := ((x < y) && (y < z)) : ring_scope.
Notation "x <= y ?= 'iff' C" := (lerif x y C) : ring_scope.
Notation "x <= y ?= 'iff' C :> R" := ((x : R) <= (y : R) ?= iff C)
(only parsing) : ring_scope.
Coercion ler_of_leif : lerif >-> is_true.
Canonical Rpos_keyed.
Canonical Rneg_keyed.
Canonical Rnneg_keyed.
Canonical Rreal_keyed.
End Syntax.
Section ExtensionAxioms.
Variable R : numDomainType.
Definition real_axiom : Prop := forall x : R, x \is real.
Definition archimedean_axiom : Prop := forall x : R, exists ub, `|x| < ub%:R.
Definition real_closed_axiom : Prop :=
forall (p : {poly R}) (a b : R),
a <= b -> p.[a] <= 0 <= p.[b] -> exists2 x, a <= x <= b & root p x.
End ExtensionAxioms.
Local Notation num_for T b := (@NumDomain.Pack T b).
(* The rest of the numbers interface hierarchy. *)
Module NumField.
Section ClassDef.
Record class_of R :=
Class { base : GRing.Field.class_of R; mixin : mixin_of (ring_for R base) }.
Definition base2 R (c : class_of R) := NumDomain.Class (mixin c).
Local Coercion base : class_of >-> GRing.Field.class_of.
Local Coercion base2 : class_of >-> NumDomain.class_of.
Structure type := Pack {sort; _ : class_of sort}.
Local Coercion sort : type >-> Sortclass.
Variables (T : Type) (cT : type).
Definition class := let: Pack _ c as cT' := cT return class_of cT' in c.
Let xT := let: Pack T _ := cT in T.
Notation xclass := (class : class_of xT).
Definition pack :=
fun bT b & phant_id (GRing.Field.class bT) (b : GRing.Field.class_of T) =>
fun mT m & phant_id (NumDomain.class mT) (@NumDomain.Class T b m) =>
Pack (@Class T b m).
Definition eqType := @Equality.Pack cT xclass.
Definition choiceType := @Choice.Pack cT xclass.
Definition zmodType := @GRing.Zmodule.Pack cT xclass.
Definition ringType := @GRing.Ring.Pack cT xclass.
Definition comRingType := @GRing.ComRing.Pack cT xclass.
Definition unitRingType := @GRing.UnitRing.Pack cT xclass.
Definition comUnitRingType := @GRing.ComUnitRing.Pack cT xclass.
Definition idomainType := @GRing.IntegralDomain.Pack cT xclass.
Definition numDomainType := @NumDomain.Pack cT xclass.
Definition fieldType := @GRing.Field.Pack cT xclass.
Definition join_numDomainType := @NumDomain.Pack fieldType xclass.
End ClassDef.
Module Exports.
Coercion base : class_of >-> GRing.Field.class_of.
Coercion base2 : class_of >-> NumDomain.class_of.
Coercion sort : type >-> Sortclass.
Bind Scope ring_scope with sort.
Coercion eqType : type >-> Equality.type.
Canonical eqType.
Coercion choiceType : type >-> Choice.type.
Canonical choiceType.
Coercion zmodType : type >-> GRing.Zmodule.type.
Canonical zmodType.
Coercion ringType : type >-> GRing.Ring.type.
Canonical ringType.
Coercion comRingType : type >-> GRing.ComRing.type.
Canonical comRingType.
Coercion unitRingType : type >-> GRing.UnitRing.type.
Canonical unitRingType.
Coercion comUnitRingType : type >-> GRing.ComUnitRing.type.
Canonical comUnitRingType.
Coercion idomainType : type >-> GRing.IntegralDomain.type.
Canonical idomainType.
Coercion numDomainType : type >-> NumDomain.type.
Canonical numDomainType.
Coercion fieldType : type >-> GRing.Field.type.
Canonical fieldType.
Notation numFieldType := type.
Notation "[ 'numFieldType' 'of' T ]" := (@pack T _ _ id _ _ id)
(at level 0, format "[ 'numFieldType'  'of'  T ]") : form_scope.
End Exports.
End NumField.
Module ClosedField.
Section ClassDef.
Record imaginary_mixin_of (R : numDomainType) := ImaginaryMixin {
imaginary : R;
conj_op : {rmorphism R -> R};
_ : imaginary ^+ 2 = - 1;
_ : forall x, x * conj_op x = `|x| ^+ 2;
}.
Record class_of R := Class {
base : GRing.ClosedField.class_of R;
mixin : mixin_of (ring_for R base);
conj_mixin : imaginary_mixin_of (num_for R (NumDomain.Class mixin))
}.
Definition base2 R (c : class_of R) := NumField.Class (mixin c).
Local Coercion base : class_of >-> GRing.ClosedField.class_of.
Local Coercion base2 : class_of >-> NumField.class_of.
Structure type := Pack {sort; _ : class_of sort}.
Local Coercion sort : type >-> Sortclass.
Variables (T : Type) (cT : type).
Definition class := let: Pack _ c as cT' := cT return class_of cT' in c.
Let xT := let: Pack T _ := cT in T.
Notation xclass := (class : class_of xT).
Definition pack :=
fun bT b & phant_id (GRing.ClosedField.class bT)
(b : GRing.ClosedField.class_of T) =>
fun mT m & phant_id (NumField.class mT) (@NumField.Class T b m) =>
fun mc => Pack (@Class T b m mc).
Definition clone := fun b & phant_id class (b : class_of T) => Pack b.
Definition eqType := @Equality.Pack cT xclass.
Definition choiceType := @Choice.Pack cT xclass.
Definition zmodType := @GRing.Zmodule.Pack cT xclass.
Definition ringType := @GRing.Ring.Pack cT xclass.
Definition comRingType := @GRing.ComRing.Pack cT xclass.
Definition unitRingType := @GRing.UnitRing.Pack cT xclass.
Definition comUnitRingType := @GRing.ComUnitRing.Pack cT xclass.
Definition idomainType := @GRing.IntegralDomain.Pack cT xclass.
Definition numDomainType := @NumDomain.Pack cT xclass.
Definition fieldType := @GRing.Field.Pack cT xclass.
Definition numFieldType := @NumField.Pack cT xclass.
Definition decFieldType := @GRing.DecidableField.Pack cT xclass.
Definition closedFieldType := @GRing.ClosedField.Pack cT xclass.
Definition join_dec_numDomainType := @NumDomain.Pack decFieldType xclass.
Definition join_dec_numFieldType := @NumField.Pack decFieldType xclass.
Definition join_numDomainType := @NumDomain.Pack closedFieldType xclass.
Definition join_numFieldType := @NumField.Pack closedFieldType xclass.
End ClassDef.
Module Exports.
Coercion base : class_of >-> GRing.ClosedField.class_of.
Coercion base2 : class_of >-> NumField.class_of.
Coercion sort : type >-> Sortclass.
Bind Scope ring_scope with sort.
Coercion eqType : type >-> Equality.type.
Canonical eqType.
Coercion choiceType : type >-> Choice.type.
Canonical choiceType.
Coercion zmodType : type >-> GRing.Zmodule.type.
Canonical zmodType.
Coercion ringType : type >-> GRing.Ring.type.
Canonical ringType.
Coercion comRingType : type >-> GRing.ComRing.type.
Canonical comRingType.
Coercion unitRingType : type >-> GRing.UnitRing.type.
Canonical unitRingType.
Coercion comUnitRingType : type >-> GRing.ComUnitRing.type.
Canonical comUnitRingType.
Coercion idomainType : type >-> GRing.IntegralDomain.type.
Canonical idomainType.
Coercion numDomainType : type >-> NumDomain.type.
Canonical numDomainType.
Coercion fieldType : type >-> GRing.Field.type.
Canonical fieldType.
Coercion decFieldType : type >-> GRing.DecidableField.type.
Canonical decFieldType.
Coercion numFieldType : type >-> NumField.type.
Canonical numFieldType.
Coercion closedFieldType : type >-> GRing.ClosedField.type.
Canonical closedFieldType.
Canonical join_dec_numDomainType.
Canonical join_dec_numFieldType.
Canonical join_numDomainType.
Canonical join_numFieldType.
Notation numClosedFieldType := type.
Notation NumClosedFieldType T m := (@pack T _ _ id _ _ id m).
Notation "[ 'numClosedFieldType' 'of' T 'for' cT ]" := (@clone T cT _ id)
(at level 0, format "[ 'numClosedFieldType'  'of'  T  'for' cT ]") :
form_scope.
Notation "[ 'numClosedFieldType' 'of' T ]" := (@clone T _ _ id)
(at level 0, format "[ 'numClosedFieldType'  'of'  T ]") : form_scope.
End Exports.
End ClosedField.
Module RealDomain.
Section ClassDef.
Record class_of R :=
Class {base : NumDomain.class_of R; _ : @real_axiom (num_for R base)}.
Local Coercion base : class_of >-> NumDomain.class_of.
Structure type := Pack {sort; _ : class_of sort}.
Local Coercion sort : type >-> Sortclass.
Variables (T : Type) (cT : type).
Definition class := let: Pack _ c as cT' := cT return class_of cT' in c.
Let xT := let: Pack T _ := cT in T.
Notation xclass := (class : class_of xT).
Definition clone c of phant_id class c := @Pack T c.
Definition pack b0 (m0 : real_axiom (num_for T b0)) :=
fun bT b & phant_id (NumDomain.class bT) b =>
fun    m & phant_id m0 m => Pack (@Class T b m).
Definition eqType := @Equality.Pack cT xclass.
Definition choiceType := @Choice.Pack cT xclass.
Definition zmodType := @GRing.Zmodule.Pack cT xclass.
Definition ringType := @GRing.Ring.Pack cT xclass.
Definition comRingType := @GRing.ComRing.Pack cT xclass.
Definition unitRingType := @GRing.UnitRing.Pack cT xclass.
Definition comUnitRingType := @GRing.ComUnitRing.Pack cT xclass.
Definition idomainType := @GRing.IntegralDomain.Pack cT xclass.
Definition numDomainType := @NumDomain.Pack cT xclass.
End ClassDef.
Module Exports.
Coercion base : class_of >-> NumDomain.class_of.
Coercion sort : type >-> Sortclass.
Bind Scope ring_scope with sort.
Coercion eqType : type >-> Equality.type.
Canonical eqType.
Coercion choiceType : type >-> Choice.type.
Canonical choiceType.
Coercion zmodType : type >-> GRing.Zmodule.type.
Canonical zmodType.
Coercion ringType : type >-> GRing.Ring.type.
Canonical ringType.
Coercion comRingType : type >-> GRing.ComRing.type.
Canonical comRingType.
Coercion unitRingType : type >-> GRing.UnitRing.type.
Canonical unitRingType.
Coercion comUnitRingType : type >-> GRing.ComUnitRing.type.
Canonical comUnitRingType.
Coercion idomainType : type >-> GRing.IntegralDomain.type.
Canonical idomainType.
Coercion numDomainType : type >-> NumDomain.type.
Canonical numDomainType.
Notation realDomainType := type.
Notation RealDomainType T m := (@pack T _ m _ _ id _ id).
Notation "[ 'realDomainType' 'of' T 'for' cT ]" := (@clone T cT _ idfun)
(at level 0, format "[ 'realDomainType'  'of'  T  'for'  cT ]") : form_scope.
Notation "[ 'realDomainType' 'of' T ]" := (@clone T _ _ id)
(at level 0, format "[ 'realDomainType'  'of'  T ]") : form_scope.
End Exports.
End RealDomain.
Module RealField.
Section ClassDef.
Record class_of R :=
Class { base : NumField.class_of R; mixin : real_axiom (num_for R base) }.
Definition base2 R (c : class_of R) := RealDomain.Class (@mixin R c).
Local Coercion base : class_of >-> NumField.class_of.
Local Coercion base2 : class_of >-> RealDomain.class_of.
Structure type := Pack {sort; _ : class_of sort}.
Local Coercion sort : type >-> Sortclass.
Variables (T : Type) (cT : type).
Definition class := let: Pack _ c as cT' := cT return class_of cT' in c.
Let xT := let: Pack T _ := cT in T.
Notation xclass := (class : class_of xT).
Definition pack :=
fun bT b & phant_id (NumField.class bT) (b : NumField.class_of T) =>
fun mT m & phant_id (RealDomain.class mT) (@RealDomain.Class T b m) =>
Pack (@Class T b m).
Definition eqType := @Equality.Pack cT xclass.
Definition choiceType := @Choice.Pack cT xclass.
Definition zmodType := @GRing.Zmodule.Pack cT xclass.
Definition ringType := @GRing.Ring.Pack cT xclass.
Definition comRingType := @GRing.ComRing.Pack cT xclass.
Definition unitRingType := @GRing.UnitRing.Pack cT xclass.
Definition comUnitRingType := @GRing.ComUnitRing.Pack cT xclass.
Definition idomainType := @GRing.IntegralDomain.Pack cT xclass.
Definition numDomainType := @NumDomain.Pack cT xclass.
Definition realDomainType := @RealDomain.Pack cT xclass.
Definition fieldType := @GRing.Field.Pack cT xclass.
Definition numFieldType := @NumField.Pack cT xclass.
Definition join_realDomainType := @RealDomain.Pack numFieldType xclass.
End ClassDef.
Module Exports.
Coercion base : class_of >-> NumField.class_of.
Coercion base2 : class_of >-> RealDomain.class_of.
Coercion sort : type >-> Sortclass.
Bind Scope ring_scope with sort.
Coercion eqType : type >-> Equality.type.
Canonical eqType.
Coercion choiceType : type >-> Choice.type.
Canonical choiceType.
Coercion zmodType : type >-> GRing.Zmodule.type.
Canonical zmodType.
Coercion ringType : type >-> GRing.Ring.type.
Canonical ringType.
Coercion comRingType : type >-> GRing.ComRing.type.
Canonical comRingType.
Coercion unitRingType : type >-> GRing.UnitRing.type.
Canonical unitRingType.
Coercion comUnitRingType : type >-> GRing.ComUnitRing.type.
Canonical comUnitRingType.
Coercion idomainType : type >-> GRing.IntegralDomain.type.
Canonical idomainType.
Coercion numDomainType : type >-> NumDomain.type.
Canonical numDomainType.
Coercion realDomainType : type >-> RealDomain.type.
Canonical realDomainType.
Coercion fieldType : type >-> GRing.Field.type.
Canonical fieldType.
Coercion numFieldType : type >-> NumField.type.
Canonical numFieldType.
Canonical join_realDomainType.
Notation realFieldType := type.
Notation "[ 'realFieldType' 'of' T ]" := (@pack T _ _ id _ _ id)
(at level 0, format "[ 'realFieldType'  'of'  T ]") : form_scope.
End Exports.
End RealField.
Module ArchimedeanField.
Section ClassDef.
Record class_of R :=
Class { base : RealField.class_of R; _ : archimedean_axiom (num_for R base) }.
Local Coercion base : class_of >-> RealField.class_of.
Structure type := Pack {sort; _ : class_of sort}.
Local Coercion sort : type >-> Sortclass.
Variables (T : Type) (cT : type).
Definition class := let: Pack _ c as cT' := cT return class_of cT' in c.
Let xT := let: Pack T _ := cT in T.
Notation xclass := (class : class_of xT).
Definition clone c of phant_id class c := @Pack T c.
Definition pack b0 (m0 : archimedean_axiom (num_for T b0)) :=
fun bT b & phant_id (RealField.class bT) b =>
fun    m & phant_id m0 m => Pack (@Class T b m).
Definition eqType := @Equality.Pack cT xclass.
Definition choiceType := @Choice.Pack cT xclass.
Definition zmodType := @GRing.Zmodule.Pack cT xclass.
Definition ringType := @GRing.Ring.Pack cT xclass.
Definition comRingType := @GRing.ComRing.Pack cT xclass.
Definition unitRingType := @GRing.UnitRing.Pack cT xclass.
Definition comUnitRingType := @GRing.ComUnitRing.Pack cT xclass.
Definition idomainType := @GRing.IntegralDomain.Pack cT xclass.
Definition numDomainType := @NumDomain.Pack cT xclass.
Definition realDomainType := @RealDomain.Pack cT xclass.
Definition fieldType := @GRing.Field.Pack cT xclass.
Definition numFieldType := @NumField.Pack cT xclass.
Definition realFieldType := @RealField.Pack cT xclass.
End ClassDef.
Module Exports.
Coercion base : class_of >-> RealField.class_of.
Coercion sort : type >-> Sortclass.
Bind Scope ring_scope with sort.
Coercion eqType : type >-> Equality.type.
Canonical eqType.
Coercion choiceType : type >-> Choice.type.
Canonical choiceType.
Coercion zmodType : type >-> GRing.Zmodule.type.
Canonical zmodType.
Coercion ringType : type >-> GRing.Ring.type.
Canonical ringType.
Coercion comRingType : type >-> GRing.ComRing.type.
Canonical comRingType.
Coercion unitRingType : type >-> GRing.UnitRing.type.
Canonical unitRingType.
Coercion comUnitRingType : type >-> GRing.ComUnitRing.type.
Canonical comUnitRingType.
Coercion idomainType : type >-> GRing.IntegralDomain.type.
Canonical idomainType.
Coercion numDomainType : type >-> NumDomain.type.
Canonical numDomainType.
Coercion realDomainType : type >-> RealDomain.type.
Canonical realDomainType.
Coercion fieldType : type >-> GRing.Field.type.
Canonical fieldType.
Coercion numFieldType : type >-> NumField.type.
Canonical numFieldType.
Coercion realFieldType : type >-> RealField.type.
Canonical realFieldType.
Notation archiFieldType := type.
Notation ArchiFieldType T m := (@pack T _ m _ _ id _ id).
Notation "[ 'archiFieldType' 'of' T 'for' cT ]" := (@clone T cT _ idfun)
(at level 0, format "[ 'archiFieldType'  'of'  T  'for'  cT ]") : form_scope.
Notation "[ 'archiFieldType' 'of' T ]" := (@clone T _ _ id)
(at level 0, format "[ 'archiFieldType'  'of'  T ]") : form_scope.
End Exports.
End ArchimedeanField.
Module RealClosedField.
Section ClassDef.
Record class_of R :=
Class { base : RealField.class_of R; _ : real_closed_axiom (num_for R base) }.
Local Coercion base : class_of >-> RealField.class_of.
Structure type := Pack {sort; _ : class_of sort}.
Local Coercion sort : type >-> Sortclass.
Variables (T : Type) (cT : type).
Definition class := let: Pack _ c as cT' := cT return class_of cT' in c.
Let xT := let: Pack T _ := cT in T.
Notation xclass := (class : class_of xT).
Definition clone c of phant_id class c := @Pack T c.
Definition pack b0 (m0 : real_closed_axiom (num_for T b0)) :=
fun bT b & phant_id (RealField.class bT) b =>
fun    m & phant_id m0 m => Pack (@Class T b m).
Definition eqType := @Equality.Pack cT xclass.
Definition choiceType := @Choice.Pack cT xclass.
Definition zmodType := @GRing.Zmodule.Pack cT xclass.
Definition ringType := @GRing.Ring.Pack cT xclass.
Definition comRingType := @GRing.ComRing.Pack cT xclass.
Definition unitRingType := @GRing.UnitRing.Pack cT xclass.
Definition comUnitRingType := @GRing.ComUnitRing.Pack cT xclass.
Definition idomainType := @GRing.IntegralDomain.Pack cT xclass.
Definition numDomainType := @NumDomain.Pack cT xclass.
Definition realDomainType := @RealDomain.Pack cT xclass.
Definition fieldType := @GRing.Field.Pack cT xclass.
Definition numFieldType := @NumField.Pack cT xclass.
Definition realFieldType := @RealField.Pack cT xclass.
End ClassDef.
Module Exports.
Coercion base : class_of >-> RealField.class_of.
Coercion sort : type >-> Sortclass.
Bind Scope ring_scope with sort.
Coercion eqType : type >-> Equality.type.
Canonical eqType.
Coercion choiceType : type >-> Choice.type.
Canonical choiceType.
Coercion zmodType : type >-> GRing.Zmodule.type.
Canonical zmodType.
Coercion ringType : type >-> GRing.Ring.type.
Canonical ringType.
Coercion comRingType : type >-> GRing.ComRing.type.
Canonical comRingType.
Coercion unitRingType : type >-> GRing.UnitRing.type.
Canonical unitRingType.
Coercion comUnitRingType : type >-> GRing.ComUnitRing.type.
Canonical comUnitRingType.
Coercion idomainType : type >-> GRing.IntegralDomain.type.
Canonical idomainType.
Coercion numDomainType : type >-> NumDomain.type.
Canonical numDomainType.
Coercion realDomainType : type >-> RealDomain.type.
Canonical realDomainType.
Coercion fieldType : type >-> GRing.Field.type.
Canonical fieldType.
Coercion numFieldType : type >-> NumField.type.
Canonical numFieldType.
Coercion realFieldType : type >-> RealField.type.
Canonical realFieldType.
Notation rcfType := Num.RealClosedField.type.
Notation RcfType T m := (@pack T _ m _ _ id _ id).
Notation "[ 'rcfType' 'of' T 'for' cT ]" := (@clone T cT _ idfun)
(at level 0, format "[ 'rcfType'  'of'  T  'for'  cT ]") : form_scope.
Notation "[ 'rcfType' 'of' T ]" :=  (@clone T _ _ id)
(at level 0, format "[ 'rcfType'  'of'  T ]") : form_scope.
End Exports.
End RealClosedField.
(* The elementary theory needed to support the definition of the derived      *)
(* operations for the extensions described above.                             *)
Module Import Internals.
Section Domain.
Variable R : numDomainType.
Implicit Types x y : R.
(* Lemmas from the signature *)

Lemma normr0_eq0 x : `|x| = 0 -> x = 0.