Section StateMonad.
Definition State S X := S -> X * S.
Definition ret {S X} : X -> State S X := pair.
Definition bind {S X Y} : State S X ->
(X -> State S Y) -> State S Y :=
fun m f s => let (x, s') := m s in f x s'.
Definition get {S} : State S S :=
fun s => (s, s).
Definition put {S} : S -> State S unit :=
fun s _ => (tt, s).
Definition state_lift {S X} (Pre Post : S -> Prop)
(P : X -> Prop) : State S X -> Prop :=
fun f => forall s, Pre s ->
P (fst (f s)) /\ Post (snd (f s)).

Lemma ret_lemma {S X}
{Pre : S -> Prop}
{P : X -> Prop}
{x : X} :
P x ->
state_lift Pre Pre P (ret x).