Fixpoint upd (i : nat) {A} new (l : list A) : option (list A) :=
match i, l with
| O, _ :: l => Some (new :: l)
| _, nil => None
| S i, x :: l =>
match upd i new l with
| Some l' => Some (x :: l')
| None => None
end
end.

Lemma permutation_upd {A} i (l l' : list A) x :
upd i x l = Some l' ->
Permutation l' (x :: all_but i l).