(* Copyright (C) 2005-2008 Sebastien Briais *)
(* http://lamp.epfl.ch/~sbriais/ *)
(* This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify *)
(* it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as *)
(* published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the *)
(* License, or (at your option) any later version. *)
(* This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but *)
(* WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of *)
(* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU *)
(* Lesser General Public License for more details. *)
(* You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public *)
(* License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software *)
(* Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA *)
(* 02110-1301 USA *)
Unset Standard Proposition Elimination Names.
(** definition of a "prime number" *)
Definition is_prime (p:nat) := (p<>1)/\(forall (d:nat),(divides p d)->(d=1)\/(d=p)).
unfold is_prime.
intro.
elim H;intros.
case (H1 2);try (apply zero_max_div);intro;discriminate.
Qed.
unfold is_prime.
split.
intro;discriminate.
intros.
elim H;destruct x;rewrite mult_comm.
intro;discriminate.
simpl.
case d.
simpl.
rewrite mult_comm;simpl;intro;discriminate.
intros.
inversion H0.
symmetry in H2.
case (plus_is_one n (x*(S n)) H2);intro.
elim a;intros.
left;rewrite H1;trivial.
elim a;intros.
right;rewrite H1;trivial.
Qed.
unfold is_prime.
unfold rel_prime.
intros.
unfold is_gcd;unfold is_cd.
split.
split;apply one_min_div.
intros.
elim H;intros.
elim H1;intros.
case (H3 d' H4);intro.
rewrite H6;apply divides_refl.
rewrite H6 in H5;tauto.
Qed.
unfold is_prime.
intros.
elim H;intros.
apply H2.
elim H0;intros.
elim H3;trivial.
Qed.
unfold rel_prime.
intros.
generalize (gcd_is_gcd a p);intros.
case (prime_gcd (gcd a p) p a H H1);intro;rewrite H2 in H1;try tauto.
elim H1;intros.
elim H3;trivial.
Qed.
intros.
generalize (gcd_is_gcd a p);intro.
case (prime_gcd (gcd a p) p a H H1);intro;rewrite H2 in H1.
right;apply gauss with a;trivial.
red in H1;elim H1;intros.
red in H3;tauto.
Qed.
unfold square.
intros;case (prime_mult p a a H H0);trivial.
Qed.
induction n;simpl;intros.
elim H;intros.
elim H1;apply divides_antisym;trivial;apply one_min_div.
case (prime_mult p x (power x n) H H0);trivial.
intro;apply IHn;trivial.
Qed.
induction q;simpl;intros.
apply one_min_div.
rewrite power_plus_lemma1 in H0.
assert (divides x (power p q)).
apply IHq;trivial.
elim H0;intros;exists ((power p n)*x0).
rewrite H2;ring.
elim H2;intros.
rewrite H3 in H0.
rewrite power_mult_lemma1 in H0;rewrite power_power_lemma1 in H0;rewrite (mult_comm (power p n)) in H0.
elim H0;intros.
assert ((power p (q*n))<>0).
intro.
generalize (power_zero (q*n) p H5).
intro.
apply not_prime_zero.
rewrite H6 in H;trivial.
rewrite <- mult_assoc in H4.
generalize (mult_lemma6 (power x0 n) ((power p n)*x1) (power p (q*n)) H5 H4).
intro.
assert (exists n':nat,n=(S n')).
inversion H1;[exists 0 | exists m];trivial.
elim H7;intro n';intro.
rewrite H8 in H6;simpl in H6.
assert (divides x0 p).
case (prime_mult p x0 (power x0 n'));trivial.
rewrite H6.
exists ((power p n')*x1);ring.
intro.
apply prime_power with n';trivial.
elim H9;intros.
rewrite H10 in H3.
rewrite H3.
exists x2;ring.
Qed.

(** study of prime numbers *)
Lemma divides_prime : forall (a:nat),(exists p:nat,(p<>a)/\(is_prime p)/\(divides a p)) -> ~(is_prime a).