(* *********************************************************************)
(*                                                                     *)
(*              The Compcert verified compiler                         *)
(*                                                                     *)
(*                Xavier Leroy, INRIA Paris                            *)
(*                                                                     *)
(*  Copyright Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en     *)
(*  Automatique.  All rights reserved.  This file is distributed       *)
(*  under the terms of the INRIA Non-Commercial License Agreement.     *)
(*                                                                     *)
(* *********************************************************************)
(** Function calling conventions and other conventions regarding the use of machine registers and stack slots. *)
(** * Classification of machine registers *)
(** Machine registers (type [mreg] in module [Locations]) are divided in the following groups: - Callee-save registers, whose value is preserved across a function call. - Caller-save registers that can be modified during a function call.  We follow the x86-32 and x86-64 application binary interfaces (ABI) in our choice of callee- and caller-save registers. *)
Definition is_callee_save (r: mreg) : bool :=
match r with
| AX | CX | DX => false
| BX | BP => true
| SI | DI => negb Archi.ptr64 (**r callee-save in 32 bits but not in 64 bits *)
| R8 | R9 | R10 | R11 => false
| R12 | R13 | R14 | R15 => true
| X0 | X1 | X2 | X3 | X4 | X5 | X6 | X7 => false
| X8 | X9 | X10 | X11 | X12 | X13 | X14 | X15 => false
| FP0 => false
end.
Definition int_caller_save_regs :=
if Archi.ptr64
then AX :: CX :: DX :: SI :: DI :: R8 :: R9 :: R10 :: R11 :: nil
else AX :: CX :: DX :: nil.
Definition float_caller_save_regs :=
if Archi.ptr64
then X0 :: X1 :: X2 :: X3 :: X4 :: X5 :: X6 :: X7 ::
X8 :: X9 :: X10 :: X11 :: X12 :: X13 :: X14 :: X15 :: nil
else X0 :: X1 :: X2 :: X3 :: X4 :: X5 :: X6 :: X7 :: nil.
Definition int_callee_save_regs :=
if Archi.ptr64
then BX :: BP :: R12 :: R13 :: R14 :: R15 :: nil
else BX :: SI :: DI :: BP :: nil.
Definition float_callee_save_regs : list mreg := nil.
Definition destroyed_at_call :=
List.filter (fun r => negb (is_callee_save r)) all_mregs.
Definition dummy_int_reg := AX.     (**r Used in [Regalloc]. *)
Definition dummy_float_reg := X0.   (**r Used in [Regalloc]. *)
Definition callee_save_type := mreg_type.
Definition is_float_reg (r: mreg) :=
match r with
| AX | BX | CX | DX | SI | DI | BP
| R8 | R9 | R10 | R11 | R12 | R13 | R14 | R15 => false
| X0 | X1 | X2 | X3 | X4 | X5 | X6 | X7
| X8 | X9 | X10 | X11 | X12 | X13 | X14 | X15 | FP0 => true
end.
(** * Function calling conventions *)
(** The functions in this section determine the locations (machine registers and stack slots) used to communicate arguments and results between the caller and the callee during function calls.  These locations are functions of the signature of the function and of the call instruction. Agreement between the caller and the callee on the locations to use is guaranteed by our dynamic semantics for Cminor and RTL, which demand that the signature of the call instruction is identical to that of the called function.  Calling conventions are largely arbitrary: they must respect the properties proved in this section (such as no overlapping between the locations of function arguments), but this leaves much liberty in choosing actual locations.  To ensure binary interoperability of code generated by our compiler with libraries compiled by another compiler, we implement the standard x86-32 and x86-64 conventions. *)
(** ** Location of function result *)
(** In 32 bit mode, the result value of a function is passed back to the caller in registers [AX] or [DX:AX] or [FP0], depending on the type of the returned value.  We treat a function without result as a function with one integer result. *)
Definition loc_result_32 (s: signature) : rpair mreg :=
match s.(sig_res) with
| None => One AX
| Some (Tint | Tany32) => One AX
| Some (Tfloat | Tsingle) => One FP0
| Some Tany64 => One X0
| Some Tlong => Twolong DX AX
end.
(** In 64 bit mode, he result value of a function is passed back to the caller in registers [AX] or [X0]. *)
Definition loc_result_64 (s: signature) : rpair mreg :=
match s.(sig_res) with
| None => One AX
| Some (Tint | Tlong | Tany32 | Tany64) => One AX
| Some (Tfloat | Tsingle) => One X0
end.
Definition loc_result :=
if Archi.ptr64 then loc_result_64 else loc_result_32.
(** The result registers have types compatible with that given in the signature. *)
(** The result locations are caller-save registers *)
(** If the result is in a pair of registers, those registers are distinct and have type [Tint] at least. *)
(** The location of the result depends only on the result part of the signature *)
(** ** Location of function arguments *)
(** In the x86-32 ABI, all arguments are passed on stack. (Snif.) *)
Fixpoint loc_arguments_32
(tyl: list typ) (ofs: Z) {struct tyl} : list (rpair loc) :=
match tyl with
| nil => nil
| ty :: tys =>
match ty with
| Tlong => Twolong (S Outgoing (ofs + 1) Tint) (S Outgoing ofs Tint)
| _     => One (S Outgoing ofs ty)
end
:: loc_arguments_32 tys (ofs + typesize ty)
end.
(** In the x86-64 ABI: - The first 6 integer arguments are passed in registers [DI], [SI], [DX], [CX], [R8], [R9]. - The first 8 floating-point arguments are passed in registers [X0] to [X7]. - Extra arguments are passed on the stack, in [Outgoing] slots. Consecutive stack slots are separated by 8 bytes, even if only 4 bytes of data is used in a slot. *)
Definition int_param_regs := DI :: SI :: DX :: CX :: R8 :: R9 :: nil.
Definition float_param_regs := X0 :: X1 :: X2 :: X3 :: X4 :: X5 :: X6 :: X7 :: nil.
Fixpoint loc_arguments_64
(tyl: list typ) (ir fr ofs: Z) {struct tyl} : list (rpair loc) :=
match tyl with
| nil => nil
| (Tint | Tlong | Tany32 | Tany64) as ty :: tys =>
match list_nth_z int_param_regs ir with
| None =>
One (S Outgoing ofs ty) :: loc_arguments_64 tys ir fr (ofs + 2)
| Some ireg =>
One (R ireg) :: loc_arguments_64 tys (ir + 1) fr ofs
end
| (Tfloat | Tsingle) as ty :: tys =>
match list_nth_z float_param_regs fr with
| None =>
One (S Outgoing ofs ty) :: loc_arguments_64 tys ir fr (ofs + 2)
| Some freg =>
One (R freg) :: loc_arguments_64 tys ir (fr + 1) ofs
end
end.
(** [loc_arguments s] returns the list of locations where to store arguments when calling a function with signature [s].  *)
Definition loc_arguments (s: signature) : list (rpair loc) :=
if Archi.ptr64
then loc_arguments_64 s.(sig_args) 0 0 0
else loc_arguments_32 s.(sig_args) 0.
(** [size_arguments s] returns the number of [Outgoing] slots used to call a function with signature [s]. *)
Fixpoint size_arguments_32
(tyl: list typ) (ofs: Z) {struct tyl} : Z :=
match tyl with
| nil => ofs
| ty :: tys => size_arguments_32 tys (ofs + typesize ty)
end.
Fixpoint size_arguments_64 (tyl: list typ) (ir fr ofs: Z) {struct tyl} : Z :=
match tyl with
| nil => ofs
| (Tint | Tlong | Tany32 | Tany64) :: tys =>
match list_nth_z int_param_regs ir with
| None => size_arguments_64 tys ir fr (ofs + 2)
| Some ireg => size_arguments_64 tys (ir + 1) fr ofs
end
| (Tfloat | Tsingle) :: tys =>
match list_nth_z float_param_regs fr with
| None => size_arguments_64 tys ir fr (ofs + 2)
| Some freg => size_arguments_64 tys ir (fr + 1) ofs
end
end.
Definition size_arguments (s: signature) : Z :=
if Archi.ptr64
then size_arguments_64 s.(sig_args) 0 0 0
else size_arguments_32 s.(sig_args) 0.
(** Argument locations are either caller-save registers or [Outgoing] stack slots at nonnegative offsets. *)
Definition loc_argument_acceptable (l: loc) : Prop :=
match l with
| R r => is_callee_save r = false
| S Outgoing ofs ty => ofs >= 0 /\ (typealign ty | ofs)
| _ => False
end.
Definition loc_argument_32_charact (ofs: Z) (l: loc) : Prop :=
match l with
| S Outgoing ofs' ty => ofs' >= ofs /\ typealign ty = 1
| _ => False
end.
Definition loc_argument_64_charact (ofs: Z) (l: loc) : Prop :=
match l with
| R r => In r int_param_regs \/ In r float_param_regs
| S Outgoing ofs' ty => ofs' >= ofs /\ (2 | ofs')
| _ => False
end.
Remark loc_arguments_32_charact:
forall tyl ofs p,
In p (loc_arguments_32 tyl ofs) -> forall_rpair (loc_argument_32_charact ofs) p.
Remark loc_arguments_64_charact:
forall tyl ir fr ofs p,
In p (loc_arguments_64 tyl ir fr ofs) -> (2 | ofs) -> forall_rpair (loc_argument_64_charact ofs) p.
Hint Resolve loc_arguments_acceptable: locs.
(** The offsets of [Outgoing] arguments are below [size_arguments s]. *)
Remark size_arguments_32_above:
forall tyl ofs0, ofs0 <= size_arguments_32 tyl ofs0.
Remark size_arguments_64_above:
forall tyl ir fr ofs0,
ofs0 <= size_arguments_64 tyl ir fr ofs0.

Lemma loc_arguments_main:
loc_arguments signature_main = nil.