Set Implicit Arguments.
Require Export Coq.Program.Equality.
(* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
(* The syntax of untyped terms. *)
Inductive term :=
| TVar: nat -> term
| TAbs: term -> term
| TApp: term -> term -> term.
(* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
(* The binding structure of terms. *)
Instance Var_term : Var term := {
var := TVar (* avoid eta-expansion *)
}.
Fixpoint traverse_term (f : nat -> nat -> term) l t :=
match t with
| TVar x =>
f l x
| TAbs t =>
TAbs (traverse_term f (1 + l) t)
| TApp t1 t2 =>
TApp (traverse_term f l t1) (traverse_term f l t2)
end.
Instance Traverse_term : Traverse term term := {
traverse := traverse_term
}.
Instance TraverseVarInjective_term : @TraverseVarInjective term _ term _.
Instance TraverseFunctorial_term : @TraverseFunctorial term _ term _.
Instance TraverseRelative_term : @TraverseRelative term term _.
Instance TraverseIdentifiesVar_term : @TraverseIdentifiesVar term _ _.
Instance TraverseVarIsIdentity_term : @TraverseVarIsIdentity term _ term _.
(* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
(* Reduction semantics. *)
Inductive red : term -> term -> Prop :=
| RedBeta:
forall t1 t2,
red (TApp (TAbs t1) t2)
(subst t2 0 t1)
| RedContextTAbs:
forall t1 t2,
red t1 t2 ->
red (TAbs t1) (TAbs t2)
| RedContextTAppLeft:
forall t1 t2 t,
red t1 t2 ->
red (TApp t1 t) (TApp t2 t)
| RedContextTAppRight:
forall t1 t2 t,
red t1 t2 ->
red (TApp t t1) (TApp t t2).
(* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
(* The syntax of System F types. *)
Inductive ty :=
| TyVar: nat -> ty
| TyArrow: ty -> ty -> ty
| TyForall: ty -> ty.
(* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
(* The binding structure of types. *)
Instance Var_ty : Var ty := {
var := TyVar (* avoid eta-expansion *)
}.
Fixpoint traverse_ty (f : nat -> nat -> ty) l T :=
match T with
| TyVar x =>
f l x
| TyArrow T1 T2 =>
TyArrow (traverse_ty f l T1) (traverse_ty f l T2)
| TyForall T =>
TyForall (traverse_ty f (1 + l) T)
end.
Instance Traverse_ty : Traverse ty ty := {
traverse := traverse_ty
}.
Instance TraverseVarInjective_ty : @TraverseVarInjective ty _ ty _.
Instance TraverseFunctorial_ty : @TraverseFunctorial ty _ ty _.
Instance TraverseRelative_ty : @TraverseRelative ty ty _.
Instance TraverseIdentifiesVar_ty : @TraverseIdentifiesVar ty _ _.
Instance TraverseVarIsIdentity_ty : @TraverseVarIsIdentity ty _ ty _.
(* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
(* The tactic [introq] introduces all of the universal quantifiers that appear at the head of the goal. *)
Ltac introq :=
match goal with
| |- ?P -> ?Q =>
idtac
| |- forall _, _ =>
intro; introq
| |- _ =>
idtac
end.
(* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
(* The typing judgement of System F. *)
(* The judgement is indexed by the height of the type derivation. Only the non-syntax-directed destruction rules found at the root count towards the height. *)
Inductive j : nat -> env ty -> term -> ty -> Prop :=
| JVar:
forall n E x T,
lookup x E = Some T ->
j n E (TVar x) T
| JAbs:
forall m n E t T1 T2,
j m (insert 0 T1 E) t T2 ->
j n E (TAbs t) (TyArrow T1 T2)
| JApp:
forall n m1 m2 E t1 t2 T1 T2,
j m1 E t1 (TyArrow T1 T2) ->
j m2 E t2 T1 ->
j n E (TApp t1 t2) T2
| JTyAbs:
forall n E t T,
j n (map (shift 0) E) t T ->
j n E t (TyForall T)
| JTyApp:
forall n m E t T U U',
j m E t (TyForall T) ->
m < n ->
(* an explicit equality facilitates the use of this axiom by [eauto] *)
subst U 0 T = U' ->
j n E t U'.
Hint Constructors j : j.
(* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
(* Monotonicity of indices. *)
(* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
(* Type preservation. *)
(* The derivation that is plugged in is usually canonical, i.e., [m] is zero, but we do not require this. *)
(* In the worst case, the height of the new derivation is the sum of the heights of the original derivations, due to the way the derivations are plugged in at variables. *)
(* We require a lambda-abstraction, so as to eliminate the cases where we have a variable or an application, which we cannot deal with. *)
(* The following lemma looks like an inversion of [JTyAbs], but it is not truly one, because it is proved by applying weakening and [JTyApp], hence increasing the height of the derivation by one. *)
Goal (* phony_inversion_JTyAbs: *)
forall n E t T,
j n E t (TyForall T) ->
j (S n) (map (shift 0) E) t T.

Lemma canonicalization:
forall n E t T,
j n E (TAbs t) T ->
j 0 E (TAbs t) T.