Fixpoint upd (i : nat) {A} new (l : list A) : option (list A) :=
  match i, l with
  | O, _ :: l => Some (new :: l)
  | _, nil => None
  | S i, x :: l =>
    match upd i new l with
    | Some l' => Some (x :: l')
    | None => None
    end
  end.

Lemma permutation_upd {A} i (l l' : list A) x : upd i x l = Some l' -> Permutation l' (x :: all_but i l).