(* Definition of "Planar formation" of fmap: *)

Fixpoint plf(m:fmap):Prop:=
  match m with 
     V => True
   | I m0 x => plf m0
   | L m0 di0 x y => plf m0 /\ 
      (let mc := (clos m0) in
        ~eqc mc x y \/ expf mc (A_1 mc di1 x) y)
   | L m0 di1 x y => plf m0 /\ 
      (let mc := (clos m0) in
        ~eqc mc x y \/ expf mc x (A mc di0 y))
  end.

Theorem Euler_Poincare_criterion: forall m:fmap, inv_qhmap m -> (plf m <-> ec m / 2 = nc m).