Notation "A || B @ X 'by' E"
  := (eq_ind_r (fun X => B) A E) (at level 40, left associativity).Notation "A || B @ X 'by' <- H"
  := (eq_ind_r (fun X => B) A (eq_sym H)) (at level 40, left associativity).(**
  The following notation can be used to define
  equality assertions. These are like unittests
  in that they check that a given expression
  reduces to a given value.
*)
Notation "A =:= B"
  := (eq_refl A : A = B) (at level 90).

(* Specifications: *)
Theorem Forall_tail : forall (A : Type) (P : A -> Prop) (x0 : A) (xs : list A), Forall P (x0 :: xs) -> Forall P xs.