Problem p02591 (C++)

Buggy submission (status: Time Limit Exceeded):
/**
 * code generated by JHelper
 * More info: https://github.com/AlexeyDmitriev/JHelper
 * @author aajisaka
 */

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

void debug_out() { cerr << endl; }
template <typename Head, typename... Tail> void debug_out(Head H, Tail... T) {
  cerr << " " << to_string(H);
  debug_out(T...);
}
#ifdef LOCAL
#define debug(...) cerr << "[" << #__VA_ARGS__ << "]:", debug_out(__VA_ARGS__)
#else
#define debug(...) 42
#endif

#define SPEED                                                                  \
  ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);                                            \
  cin.tie(nullptr)
#define rep(i, n) for (int i = 0; i < (int)(n); i++)
#define all(v) v.begin(), v.end()
template <class T> inline bool chmax(T &a, T b) {
  if (a < b) {
    a = b;
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}
template <class T> inline bool chmin(T &a, T b) {
  if (a > b) {
    a = b;
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}

using ll = long long;
using ull = unsigned long long;
using P = pair<ll, ll>;

constexpr long double PI = 3.14159265358979323846264338327950288L;
mt19937_64 rng(chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count());
constexpr ll mod17 = 1e9 + 7;
constexpr ll mod19 = 1e9 + 9;
constexpr ll mod9 = 998244353;
ll mod = mod17;

// Mod int libraries
template <typename T> T mod_pow(T a, ll x) {
  T res = 1;
  while (x > 0) {
    if (x & 1)
      res *= a;
    a *= a;
    x >>= 1;
  }
  return res;
}

// Mint32
unordered_map<ll, ll> minvmap;
ll minv(ll a, ll m) {
  auto k = a;
  auto p = minvmap[a];
  if (p != 0)
    return p;
  ll b = m, u = 1, v = 0;
  while (b) {
    ll t = a / b;
    swap(a -= t * b, b);
    swap(u -= t * v, v);
  }
  p = (u % m + m) % m;
  minvmap[k] = p;
  return p;
}

struct mint {
  ll x;
  mint() : x(0) {}
  mint(ll x) : x((x % mod + mod) % mod) {}
  mint &fix() {
    x = (x % mod + mod) % mod;
    return *this;
  }
  mint operator-() const { return mint(0) - *this; }
  mint &operator+=(const mint &a) {
    if ((x += a.x) >= mod)
      x -= mod;
    return *this;
  }
  mint &operator-=(const mint &a) {
    if ((x += mod - a.x) >= mod)
      x -= mod;
    return *this;
  }
  mint &operator*=(const mint &a) {
    (x *= a.x) %= mod;
    return *this;
  }
  mint &operator/=(const mint &a) {
    (x *= minv(a.x, mod)) %= mod;
    return *this;
  }
  mint operator+(const mint &a) const { return mint(*this) += a; }
  mint operator-(const mint &a) const { return mint(*this) -= a; }
  mint operator*(const mint &a) const { return mint(*this) *= a; }
  mint operator/(const mint &a) const { return mint(*this) /= a; }
  bool operator<(const mint &a) const { return x < a.x; }
  bool operator==(const mint &a) const { return x == a.x; }
};

// Mint64
struct mint64 {
  ull x;
  static ull mod, inv, r2;
  mint64() : x(0) {}
  mint64(ull x) : x(init(x)) {}
  static ull init(ull x) { return reduce(__uint128_t(x) * r2); }
  static void set_mod(ull m) {
    mod = inv = m;
    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
      inv *= 2 - inv * m;
    r2 = -__uint128_t(m) % m;
  }
  static ull reduce(__uint128_t x) {
    ull y = ull(x >> 64) - ull((__uint128_t(ull(x) * inv) * mod) >> 64);
    return ll(y) < 0 ? y + mod : y;
  }
  mint64 &operator+=(mint64 &a) {
    x += a.x - mod;
    if (ll(x) < 0)
      x += mod;
    return *this;
  }
  mint64 operator+(mint64 &a) const { return mint64(*this) += a; }
  mint64 &operator*=(mint64 &a) {
    x = reduce(__uint128_t(x) * a.x);
    return *this;
  }
  mint64 operator*(mint64 &a) const { return mint64(*this) *= a; }
};

ull mint64::mod, mint64::inv, mint64::r2;

// Verify: https://yukicoder.me/submissions/472580
struct Miller {
  const vector<ull> v = {2, 325, 9375, 28178, 450775, 9780504, 1795265022};
  bool suspect(ull a, ull s, ull d, ull n) {
    if (mint64::mod != n)
      mint64::set_mod(n);
    mint64 one = 1, minusone = n - 1, ma = a;
    auto x = mod_pow(ma, d);
    if (x.x == one.x)
      return true;
    for (int r = 0; r < s; r++) {
      if (x.x == minusone.x)
        return true;
      x = x * x;
    }
    return false;
  }

  // check if n is prime
  bool check(ull n) {
    if (n < 2 || (n > 2 && n % 2 == 0))
      return false;
    ull d = n - 1;
    ull s = 0;
    while (!(d & 1)) {
      d >>= 1;
      s++;
    }
    for (auto a : v) {
      if (a >= n)
        break;
      if (!suspect(a, s, d, n))
        return false;
    }
    return true;
  }
};

class combination {
  // factorial
public:
  std::vector<mint> fact;

public:
  std::vector<mint> inv;

  combination(int n) {
    fact.resize(n + 1);
    inv.resize(n + 1);
    fact[0] = 1;
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
      fact[i] = fact[i - 1] * i;
    }
    inv[n] = mint(1) / fact[n];
    for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
      inv[i] = inv[i + 1] * (i + 1);
    }
  }

  // nCr
public:
  mint get(int n, int r) {
    if (n < r || n < 0 || r < 0)
      return 0;
    return fact[n] * inv[r] * inv[n - r];
  }
  // nPr
public:
  mint p(int n, int r) {
    if (n < r || n < 0)
      return 0;
    return fact[n] * inv[n - r];
  }
};

class DTwinBinaryTrees {
public:
  mint ret = 0;
  vector<mint> dp;
  vector<int> perm;
  vector<int> clear;
  int l, n;

  void mark(int p, mint now) {
    now *= p;
    if (p < n) {
      mark(p * 2, now);
      mark(p * 2 + 1, now);
    } else {
      int b = perm[p - n] + n;
      mark2(b, now);
      clear.push_back(b);
    }
  }

  void mark2(int p, mint now) {
    if (p == 1)
      return;
    now *= p;
    dp[p] += now;
    mark2(p / 2, now);
  }

  void calc(int p, mint now) {
    now *= p;
    if (p < n) {
      calc(p * 2, now);
      calc(p * 2 + 1, now);
    } else {
      int b = perm[p - n] + n;
      calc2(b, now);
    }
  }

  void calc2(int p, mint now) {
    if (p == 1)
      return;
    now *= p;
    ret += now * (p / 2) * dp[p ^ 1];
    calc2(p / 2, now);
  }

  void solve(istream &cin, ostream &cout) {
    SPEED;
    int h;
    cin >> h;
    l = 1 << h;
    n = l / 2;
    dp.resize(l);
    perm.resize(n);
    rep(i, n) {
      cin >> perm[i];
      perm[i]--;
    }
    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
      mark(i * 2, i);
      calc(i * 2 + 1, 1);
      for (auto e : clear) {
        for (int x = e; x > 0; x /= 2) {
          dp[x] = 0;
        }
      }
    }

    cout << ret.x << endl;
  }
};

signed main() {
  DTwinBinaryTrees solver;
  std::istream &in(std::cin);
  std::ostream &out(std::cout);
  solver.solve(in, out);
  return 0;
}

Fixed submission:
/**
 * code generated by JHelper
 * More info: https://github.com/AlexeyDmitriev/JHelper
 * @author aajisaka
 */

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

void debug_out() { cerr << endl; }
template <typename Head, typename... Tail> void debug_out(Head H, Tail... T) {
  cerr << " " << to_string(H);
  debug_out(T...);
}
#ifdef LOCAL
#define debug(...) cerr << "[" << #__VA_ARGS__ << "]:", debug_out(__VA_ARGS__)
#else
#define debug(...) 42
#endif

#define SPEED                                                                  \
  ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);                                            \
  cin.tie(nullptr)
#define rep(i, n) for (int i = 0; i < (int)(n); i++)
#define all(v) v.begin(), v.end()
template <class T> inline bool chmax(T &a, T b) {
  if (a < b) {
    a = b;
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}
template <class T> inline bool chmin(T &a, T b) {
  if (a > b) {
    a = b;
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}

using ll = long long;
using ull = unsigned long long;
using P = pair<ll, ll>;

constexpr long double PI = 3.14159265358979323846264338327950288L;
mt19937_64 rng(chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count());
constexpr ll mod17 = 1e9 + 7;
constexpr ll mod19 = 1e9 + 9;
constexpr ll mod9 = 998244353;
ll mod = mod17;

// Mod int libraries
template <typename T> T mod_pow(T a, ll x) {
  T res = 1;
  while (x > 0) {
    if (x & 1)
      res *= a;
    a *= a;
    x >>= 1;
  }
  return res;
}

// Mint32
unordered_map<ll, ll> minvmap;
ll minv(ll a, ll m) {
  auto k = a;
  auto p = minvmap[a];
  if (p != 0)
    return p;
  ll b = m, u = 1, v = 0;
  while (b) {
    ll t = a / b;
    swap(a -= t * b, b);
    swap(u -= t * v, v);
  }
  p = (u % m + m) % m;
  minvmap[k] = p;
  return p;
}

struct mint {
  ll x;
  mint() : x(0) {}
  mint(ll x) : x((x % mod + mod) % mod) {}
  mint &fix() {
    x = (x % mod + mod) % mod;
    return *this;
  }
  mint operator-() const { return mint(0) - *this; }
  mint &operator+=(const mint &a) {
    if ((x += a.x) >= mod)
      x -= mod;
    return *this;
  }
  mint &operator-=(const mint &a) {
    if ((x += mod - a.x) >= mod)
      x -= mod;
    return *this;
  }
  mint &operator*=(const mint &a) {
    (x *= a.x) %= mod;
    return *this;
  }
  mint &operator/=(const mint &a) {
    (x *= minv(a.x, mod)) %= mod;
    return *this;
  }
  mint operator+(const mint &a) const { return mint(*this) += a; }
  mint operator-(const mint &a) const { return mint(*this) -= a; }
  mint operator*(const mint &a) const { return mint(*this) *= a; }
  mint operator/(const mint &a) const { return mint(*this) /= a; }
  bool operator<(const mint &a) const { return x < a.x; }
  bool operator==(const mint &a) const { return x == a.x; }
};

// Mint64
struct mint64 {
  ull x;
  static ull mod, inv, r2;
  mint64() : x(0) {}
  mint64(ull x) : x(init(x)) {}
  static ull init(ull x) { return reduce(__uint128_t(x) * r2); }
  static void set_mod(ull m) {
    mod = inv = m;
    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
      inv *= 2 - inv * m;
    r2 = -__uint128_t(m) % m;
  }
  static ull reduce(__uint128_t x) {
    ull y = ull(x >> 64) - ull((__uint128_t(ull(x) * inv) * mod) >> 64);
    return ll(y) < 0 ? y + mod : y;
  }
  mint64 &operator+=(mint64 &a) {
    x += a.x - mod;
    if (ll(x) < 0)
      x += mod;
    return *this;
  }
  mint64 operator+(mint64 &a) const { return mint64(*this) += a; }
  mint64 &operator*=(mint64 &a) {
    x = reduce(__uint128_t(x) * a.x);
    return *this;
  }
  mint64 operator*(mint64 &a) const { return mint64(*this) *= a; }
};

ull mint64::mod, mint64::inv, mint64::r2;

// Verify: https://yukicoder.me/submissions/472580
struct Miller {
  const vector<ull> v = {2, 325, 9375, 28178, 450775, 9780504, 1795265022};
  bool suspect(ull a, ull s, ull d, ull n) {
    if (mint64::mod != n)
      mint64::set_mod(n);
    mint64 one = 1, minusone = n - 1, ma = a;
    auto x = mod_pow(ma, d);
    if (x.x == one.x)
      return true;
    for (int r = 0; r < s; r++) {
      if (x.x == minusone.x)
        return true;
      x = x * x;
    }
    return false;
  }

  // check if n is prime
  bool check(ull n) {
    if (n < 2 || (n > 2 && n % 2 == 0))
      return false;
    ull d = n - 1;
    ull s = 0;
    while (!(d & 1)) {
      d >>= 1;
      s++;
    }
    for (auto a : v) {
      if (a >= n)
        break;
      if (!suspect(a, s, d, n))
        return false;
    }
    return true;
  }
};

class combination {
  // factorial
public:
  std::vector<mint> fact;

public:
  std::vector<mint> inv;

  combination(int n) {
    fact.resize(n + 1);
    inv.resize(n + 1);
    fact[0] = 1;
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
      fact[i] = fact[i - 1] * i;
    }
    inv[n] = mint(1) / fact[n];
    for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
      inv[i] = inv[i + 1] * (i + 1);
    }
  }

  // nCr
public:
  mint get(int n, int r) {
    if (n < r || n < 0 || r < 0)
      return 0;
    return fact[n] * inv[r] * inv[n - r];
  }
  // nPr
public:
  mint p(int n, int r) {
    if (n < r || n < 0)
      return 0;
    return fact[n] * inv[n - r];
  }
};

class DTwinBinaryTrees {
public:
  mint ret = 0;
  vector<mint> dp;
  vector<int> perm;
  vector<int> clear;
  int l, n;

  void mark(int p, mint now) {
    now *= p;
    if (p < n) {
      mark(p * 2, now);
      mark(p * 2 + 1, now);
    } else {
      int b = perm[p - n] + n;
      mark2(b, now);
      clear.push_back(b);
    }
  }

  void mark2(int p, mint now) {
    if (p == 1)
      return;
    now *= p;
    dp[p] += now;
    mark2(p / 2, now);
  }

  void calc(int p, mint now) {
    now *= p;
    if (p < n) {
      calc(p * 2, now);
      calc(p * 2 + 1, now);
    } else {
      int b = perm[p - n] + n;
      calc2(b, now);
    }
  }

  void calc2(int p, mint now) {
    if (p == 1)
      return;
    now *= p;
    ret += now * (p / 2) * dp[p ^ 1];
    calc2(p / 2, now);
  }

  void solve(istream &cin, ostream &cout) {
    SPEED;
    int h;
    cin >> h;
    l = 1 << h;
    n = l / 2;
    dp.resize(l);
    perm.resize(n);
    rep(i, n) {
      cin >> perm[i];
      perm[i]--;
    }
    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
      mark(i * 2, i);
      calc(i * 2 + 1, 1);
      for (auto e : clear) {
        for (int x = e; x > 0; x /= 2) {
          dp[x] = 0;
        }
      }
      clear.clear();
    }

    cout << ret.x << endl;
  }
};

signed main() {
  DTwinBinaryTrees solver;
  std::istream &in(std::cin);
  std::ostream &out(std::cout);
  solver.solve(in, out);
  return 0;
}