Problem p02245 (C++)

Buggy submission (status: Memory Limit Exceeded):
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdio>
#include <map>
#include <queue>
#include <string>
#include <utility>

using namespace std;

#define N (3)
#define N2 (N * N)

struct Puzzle {
  int f[N2];
  int space;
  string path;

  bool operator<(const Puzzle &p) const {
    for (int i = 0; i < N2; i++) {
      if (f[i] == p.f[i])
        continue;
      return (f[i] < p.f[i]);
    }
    // return false;		// ????????????????????´???????????\????????????
    return true;
  }
};

// x, y?????????????????£??????
static const int dx[4] = {-1, 0, 1, 0};
static const int dy[4] = {0, -1, 0, 1};
static const char dir[4] = {'u', 'l', 'd', 'r'};

bool isTarget(Puzzle p) {
  for (int i = 0; i < N2; i++) {
    if (p.f[i] != (i + 1))
      return false;
  }
  return true;
}

string bfs(Puzzle s) {
  queue<Puzzle> Q;
  map<Puzzle, bool> V;
  Puzzle u, v;
  s.path = "";
  Q.push(s);
  V[s] = true;

  while (!Q.empty()) {
    u = Q.front();
    Q.pop();
    if (isTarget(u))
      return u.path;
    int sx = u.space / N;
    int sy = u.space % N;

    for (int r = 0; r < 4; r++) {
      int tx = sx + dx[r];
      int ty = sy + dy[r];

      if (tx < 0 || ty < 0 || tx >= N || ty >= N)
        continue;
      v = u;
      swap(v.f[u.space], v.f[tx * N + ty]);
      v.space = tx * N + ty;
      if (!V[v]) {
        V[v] = true;
        v.path += dir[r];
        Q.push(v);
      }
    }
  }

  return "unsolvable";
}

int main() {
  Puzzle in;

  for (int i = 0; i < N2; i++) {
    scanf("%d", &in.f[i]);
    if (in.f[i] == 0) {
      in.f[i] = N2;
      in.space = i;
    }
  }
  string ans = bfs(in);

  printf("%d\n", (int)ans.size());

  return 0;
}

Fixed submission:
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdio>
#include <map>
#include <queue>
#include <string>
#include <utility>

using namespace std;

#define N (3)
#define N2 (N * N)

struct Puzzle {
  int f[N2];
  int space;
  string path;

  bool operator<(const Puzzle &p) const {
    for (int i = 0; i < N2; i++) {
      if (f[i] == p.f[i])
        continue;
      return (f[i] < p.f[i]);
    }
    return false; // ????????????????????´???????????\????????????
                  // return true;
  }
};

// x, y?????????????????£??????
static const int dx[4] = {-1, 0, 1, 0};
static const int dy[4] = {0, -1, 0, 1};
static const char dir[4] = {'u', 'l', 'd', 'r'};

bool isTarget(Puzzle p) {
  for (int i = 0; i < N2; i++) {
    if (p.f[i] != (i + 1))
      return false;
  }
  return true;
}

string bfs(Puzzle s) {
  queue<Puzzle> Q;
  map<Puzzle, bool> V;
  Puzzle u, v;
  s.path = "";
  Q.push(s);
  V[s] = true;

  while (!Q.empty()) {
    u = Q.front();
    Q.pop();
    if (isTarget(u))
      return u.path;
    int sx = u.space / N;
    int sy = u.space % N;

    for (int r = 0; r < 4; r++) {
      int tx = sx + dx[r];
      int ty = sy + dy[r];

      if (tx < 0 || ty < 0 || tx >= N || ty >= N)
        continue;
      v = u;
      swap(v.f[u.space], v.f[tx * N + ty]);
      v.space = tx * N + ty;
      if (!V[v]) {
        V[v] = true;
        v.path += dir[r];
        Q.push(v);
      }
    }
  }

  return "unsolvable";
}

int main() {
  Puzzle in;

  for (int i = 0; i < N2; i++) {
    scanf("%d", &in.f[i]);
    if (in.f[i] == 0) {
      in.f[i] = N2;
      in.space = i;
    }
  }
  string ans = bfs(in);

  printf("%d\n", (int)ans.size());

  return 0;
}