Problem p03055 (C++)

Buggy submission (status: Time Limit Exceeded):
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
using ll = long long;
using ld = long double;
using VI = vector<int>;
using VL = vector<ll>;
using VS = vector<string>;
template <class T> using PQ = priority_queue<T, vector<T>, greater<T>>;
#define FOR(i, a, n) for (int(i) = (a); (i) < (n); ++(i))
#define eFOR(i, a, n) for (int(i) = (a); (i) <= (n); ++(i))
#define rFOR(i, a, n) for (int(i) = (n)-1; (i) >= (a); --(i))
#define erFOR(i, a, n) for (int(i) = (n); (i) >= (a); --(i))
#define each(i, a) for (auto &i : a)
#define SORT(i) sort((i).begin(), (i).end())
#define rSORT(i, a) sort((i).begin(), (i).end(), (a))
#define all(i) (i).begin(), (i).end()
#define out(y, x) ((y) < 0 || h <= (y) || (x) < 0 || w <= (x))
#define line cout << "-----------------------------\n"
#define ENDL(i, n) ((i) == (n)-1 ? "\n" : " ")
#define stop system("pause")
constexpr ll INF = 1000000000;
constexpr ll LLINF = 1LL << 60;
constexpr ll mod = 1000000007;
constexpr ll MOD = 998244353;
constexpr ld eps = 1e-10;
constexpr ld pi = 3.1415926535897932;
template <class T> inline bool chmax(T &a, T b) {
  if (a < b) {
    a = b;
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}
template <class T> inline bool chmin(T &a, T b) {
  if (a > b) {
    a = b;
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}
inline void init() {
  cin.tie(nullptr);
  cout.tie(nullptr);
  ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
  cout << fixed << setprecision(15);
}
template <class T> inline istream &operator>>(istream &is, vector<T> &v) {
  for (auto &elemnt : v)
    is >> elemnt;
  return is;
}
template <class T> inline istream &operator>>(istream &is, deque<T> &v) {
  for (auto &elemnt : v)
    is >> elemnt;
  return is;
}
template <class T, class U>
inline istream &operator>>(istream &is, pair<T, U> &p) {
  is >> p.first >> p.second;
  return is;
}
template <class T> inline vector<T> vec(size_t a) { return vector<T>(a); }
template <class T> inline vector<T> defvec(T def, size_t a) {
  return vector<T>(a, def);
}
template <class T, class... Ts> inline auto vec(size_t a, Ts... ts) {
  return vector<decltype(vec<T>(ts...))>(a, vec<T>(ts...));
}
template <class T, class... Ts> inline auto defvec(T def, size_t a, Ts... ts) {
  return vector<decltype(defvec<T>(def, ts...))>(a, defvec<T>(def, ts...));
}

using P = pair<int, int>;
P farthest(vector<VI> g, int now, int par) {
  P ret = {0, now};
  each(to, g[now]) {
    if (to == par)
      continue;
    auto a = farthest(g, to, now);
    ++a.first;
    chmax(ret, a);
  }
  return ret;
}

VI memo;
int solve(int n) {
  if (n == 0)
    return 1;
  if (n == 1)
    return 0;
  if (memo[n] != -1)
    return memo[n];
  if (solve(n - 1) == 0 || solve(n - 2) == 0)
    return memo[n] = 1;
  else
    return memo[n] = 0;
}

int main() {
  init();

  int n;
  cin >> n;
  auto g = vec<VI>(n);
  FOR(i, 0, n - 1) {
    int a, b;
    cin >> a >> b;
    --a, --b;
    g[a].push_back(b);
    g[b].push_back(a);
  }

  int s = farthest(g, 0, -1).second;
  int d = farthest(g, s, -1).first;
  memo.resize(d + 1, -1);
  cout << (solve(d) == 1 ? "First" : "Second") << "\n";
}

Fixed submission:
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
using ll = long long;
using ld = long double;
using VI = vector<int>;
using VL = vector<ll>;
using VS = vector<string>;
template <class T> using PQ = priority_queue<T, vector<T>, greater<T>>;
#define FOR(i, a, n) for (int(i) = (a); (i) < (n); ++(i))
#define eFOR(i, a, n) for (int(i) = (a); (i) <= (n); ++(i))
#define rFOR(i, a, n) for (int(i) = (n)-1; (i) >= (a); --(i))
#define erFOR(i, a, n) for (int(i) = (n); (i) >= (a); --(i))
#define each(i, a) for (auto &i : a)
#define SORT(i) sort((i).begin(), (i).end())
#define rSORT(i, a) sort((i).begin(), (i).end(), (a))
#define all(i) (i).begin(), (i).end()
#define out(y, x) ((y) < 0 || h <= (y) || (x) < 0 || w <= (x))
#define line cout << "-----------------------------\n"
#define ENDL(i, n) ((i) == (n)-1 ? "\n" : " ")
#define stop system("pause")
constexpr ll INF = 1000000000;
constexpr ll LLINF = 1LL << 60;
constexpr ll mod = 1000000007;
constexpr ll MOD = 998244353;
constexpr ld eps = 1e-10;
constexpr ld pi = 3.1415926535897932;
template <class T> inline bool chmax(T &a, T b) {
  if (a < b) {
    a = b;
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}
template <class T> inline bool chmin(T &a, T b) {
  if (a > b) {
    a = b;
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}
inline void init() {
  cin.tie(nullptr);
  cout.tie(nullptr);
  ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
  cout << fixed << setprecision(15);
}
template <class T> inline istream &operator>>(istream &is, vector<T> &v) {
  for (auto &elemnt : v)
    is >> elemnt;
  return is;
}
template <class T> inline istream &operator>>(istream &is, deque<T> &v) {
  for (auto &elemnt : v)
    is >> elemnt;
  return is;
}
template <class T, class U>
inline istream &operator>>(istream &is, pair<T, U> &p) {
  is >> p.first >> p.second;
  return is;
}
template <class T> inline vector<T> vec(size_t a) { return vector<T>(a); }
template <class T> inline vector<T> defvec(T def, size_t a) {
  return vector<T>(a, def);
}
template <class T, class... Ts> inline auto vec(size_t a, Ts... ts) {
  return vector<decltype(vec<T>(ts...))>(a, vec<T>(ts...));
}
template <class T, class... Ts> inline auto defvec(T def, size_t a, Ts... ts) {
  return vector<decltype(defvec<T>(def, ts...))>(a, defvec<T>(def, ts...));
}

using P = pair<int, int>;
P farthest(vector<VI> &g, int now, int par) {
  P ret = {0, now};
  each(to, g[now]) {
    if (to == par)
      continue;
    auto a = farthest(g, to, now);
    ++a.first;
    chmax(ret, a);
  }
  return ret;
}

VI memo;
int solve(int n) {
  if (n == 0)
    return 1;
  if (n == 1)
    return 0;
  if (memo[n] != -1)
    return memo[n];
  if (solve(n - 1) == 0 || solve(n - 2) == 0)
    return memo[n] = 1;
  else
    return memo[n] = 0;
}

int main() {
  init();

  int n;
  cin >> n;
  auto g = vec<VI>(n);
  FOR(i, 0, n - 1) {
    int a, b;
    cin >> a >> b;
    --a, --b;
    g[a].push_back(b);
    g[b].push_back(a);
  }

  int s = farthest(g, 0, -1).second;
  int d = farthest(g, s, -1).first;
  memo.resize(d + 1, -1);
  cout << (solve(d) == 1 ? "First" : "Second") << "\n";
}