Problem p02630 (C++)

Buggy submission (status: Runtime Error):
// include
//------------------------------------------
#include <algorithm>
#include <bitset>
#include <cassert>
#include <cctype>
#include <chrono>
#include <climits>
#include <cmath>
#include <complex>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <ctime>
#include <deque>
#include <functional>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <list>
#include <locale>
#include <map>
#include <numeric>
#include <queue>
#include <random>
#include <regex>
#include <set>
#include <sstream>
#include <stack>
#include <string>
#include <type_traits>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <unordered_set>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

// typedef
//------------------------------------------
typedef long long LL;
typedef vector<int> VI;
typedef vector<bool> VB;
typedef vector<char> VC;
typedef vector<double> VD;
typedef vector<string> VS;
typedef vector<LL> VLL;
typedef vector<VI> VVI;
typedef vector<VB> VVB;
typedef vector<VS> VVS;
typedef vector<VLL> VVLL;
typedef vector<VVI> VVVI;
typedef vector<VVLL> VVVLL;
typedef pair<int, int> PII;
typedef pair<LL, LL> PLL;
typedef pair<int, string> PIS;
typedef pair<string, int> PSI;
typedef pair<string, string> PSS;
typedef vector<PII> VPII;
typedef vector<PLL> VPLL;
typedef vector<VPII> VVPII;
typedef vector<VPLL> VVPLL;
typedef vector<VS> VVS;
typedef map<int, int> MII;
typedef map<LL, LL> MLL;
typedef map<string, int> MSI;
typedef map<int, string> MIS;

// container util
//------------------------------------------

typedef int pInt[4];
#define ALL(a) (a).begin(), (a).end()
#define SZ(a) int((a).size())
#define EACH(i, arr)                                                           \
  for (typeof((arr).begin()) i = (arr).begin(); i != (arr).end(); ++i)
#define EXIST(str, e) ((str).find(e) != (str).end())
#define COUNT(arr, v) count((arr).begin(), (arr).end(), v)
#define SEARCH(v, w) search((v).begin(), (v).end(), (w).begin(), (w).end())
#define SORT(c) sort((c).begin(), (c).end())
#define RSORT(c) sort((c).rbegin(), (c).rend())
#define REVERSE(c) reverse((c).begin(), (c).end())
#define ROTATE_LEFT(arr, c)                                                    \
  rotate((arr).begin(), (arr).begin() + (c), (arr).end())
#define ROTATE_RIGHT(arr, c)                                                   \
  rotate((arr).rbegin(), (arr).rbegin() + (c), (arr).rend())
#define SUMI(arr) accumulate((arr).begin(), (arr).end(), 0)
#define SUMD(arr) accumulate((arr).begin(), (arr).end(), 0.)
#define SUMLL(arr) accumulate((arr).begin(), (arr).end(), 0LL)
#define MULD(arr)                                                              \
  accumulate((arr).begin(), (arr).end(), 1., multiplies<double>())
#define UB(arr, n) upper_bound((arr).begin(), (arr).end(), n)
#define LB(arr, n) lower_bound((arr).begin(), (arr).end(), n)
#define PB push_back
#define MP make_pair
#define ft first
#define sd second

// input output
//------------------------------------------
#define GL(s) getline(cin, (s))
#define INIT()                                                                 \
  std::ios::sync_with_stdio(false);                                            \
  std::cin.tie(0)
#define OUT(d) std::cout << (d)
#define OUT_L(d) std::cout << (d) << endl
#define FOUT(n, data) std::cout << std::fixed << std::setprecision(n) << (data)
#define FOUT_L(n, data)                                                        \
  std::cout << std::fixed << std::setprecision(n) << (data) << "\n"
#define EL() printf("\n")
#define SHOW_VECTOR(v)                                                         \
  {                                                                            \
    std::cerr << #v << "\t:";                                                  \
    for (const auto &xxx : v) {                                                \
      std::cerr << xxx << " ";                                                 \
    }                                                                          \
    std::cerr << "\n";                                                         \
  }
#define SHOW_MAP(v)                                                            \
  {                                                                            \
    std::cerr << #v << endl;                                                   \
    for (const auto &xxx : v) {                                                \
      std::cerr << xxx.first << " " << xxx.second << "\n";                     \
    }                                                                          \
  }
#define Yes() printf("Yes\n")
#define No() printf("No\n")
#define YES() printf("YES\n")
#define NO() printf("NO\n")
#define Yay() printf("Yay!\n")
#define Nnn() printf(":(\n")
#define CE(x, y) ((x + y - 1) / (y))

template <typename T1, typename T2>
istream &operator>>(istream &in, pair<T1, T2> &p) {
  in >> p.first >> p.second;
  return in;
}

template <typename T> istream &operator>>(istream &in, vector<T> &v) {
  for (auto &x : v)
    in >> x;
  return in;
}

template <typename T1, typename T2>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &out, const std::pair<T1, T2> &p) {
  out << "[" << p.first << ", " << p.second << "]"
      << "\n";
  return out;
}

template <class T1, class T2> inline bool chmin(T1 &a, T2 b) {
  if (a > b) {
    a = b;
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}

template <class T1, class T2> inline bool chmax(T1 &a, T2 b) {
  if (a < b) {
    a = b;
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}

// repetition
//------------------------------------------
#define FOR(i, a, b) for (int i = (a); i < (b); ++i)
#define RFOR(i, a, b) for (int i = (b)-1; i >= (a); --i)
#define REP(i, n) FOR(i, 0, n)
#define RREP(i, n) for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--)
#define FORLL(i, a, b) for (LL i = LL(a); i < LL(b); ++i)
#define RFORLL(i, a, b) for (LL i = LL(b) - 1; i >= LL(a); --i)
#define REPLL(i, n) for (LL i = 0; i < LL(n); ++i)
#define RREPLL(i, n) for (LL i = LL(n) - 1; i >= 0; --i)
#define FOREACH(x, arr) for (auto &(x) : (arr))

// Option + Control + K  Terminal
// Command + Control + K    Run
// Command + b   EOF

//------------------------------------------
//------------------------------------------

constexpr LL MAX = 100010;

int main() {

  LL N;
  cin >> N;

  VLL A(N);
  cin >> A;

  LL s = SUMLL(A);
  VLL cnt(N, 0);
  for (auto x : A)
    cnt[x]++;

  int Q;
  cin >> Q;

  while (Q--) {
    LL b, c;
    cin >> b >> c;
    LL diff = (c - b);
    s += diff * cnt[b];
    cnt[c] += cnt[b];
    cnt[b] = 0;
    cout << s << endl;
  }
}


Fixed submission:
// include
//------------------------------------------
#include <algorithm>
#include <bitset>
#include <cassert>
#include <cctype>
#include <chrono>
#include <climits>
#include <cmath>
#include <complex>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <ctime>
#include <deque>
#include <functional>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <list>
#include <locale>
#include <map>
#include <numeric>
#include <queue>
#include <random>
#include <regex>
#include <set>
#include <sstream>
#include <stack>
#include <string>
#include <type_traits>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <unordered_set>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

// typedef
//------------------------------------------
typedef long long LL;
typedef vector<int> VI;
typedef vector<bool> VB;
typedef vector<char> VC;
typedef vector<double> VD;
typedef vector<string> VS;
typedef vector<LL> VLL;
typedef vector<VI> VVI;
typedef vector<VB> VVB;
typedef vector<VS> VVS;
typedef vector<VLL> VVLL;
typedef vector<VVI> VVVI;
typedef vector<VVLL> VVVLL;
typedef pair<int, int> PII;
typedef pair<LL, LL> PLL;
typedef pair<int, string> PIS;
typedef pair<string, int> PSI;
typedef pair<string, string> PSS;
typedef vector<PII> VPII;
typedef vector<PLL> VPLL;
typedef vector<VPII> VVPII;
typedef vector<VPLL> VVPLL;
typedef vector<VS> VVS;
typedef map<int, int> MII;
typedef map<LL, LL> MLL;
typedef map<string, int> MSI;
typedef map<int, string> MIS;

// container util
//------------------------------------------

typedef int pInt[4];
#define ALL(a) (a).begin(), (a).end()
#define SZ(a) int((a).size())
#define EACH(i, arr)                                                           \
  for (typeof((arr).begin()) i = (arr).begin(); i != (arr).end(); ++i)
#define EXIST(str, e) ((str).find(e) != (str).end())
#define COUNT(arr, v) count((arr).begin(), (arr).end(), v)
#define SEARCH(v, w) search((v).begin(), (v).end(), (w).begin(), (w).end())
#define SORT(c) sort((c).begin(), (c).end())
#define RSORT(c) sort((c).rbegin(), (c).rend())
#define REVERSE(c) reverse((c).begin(), (c).end())
#define ROTATE_LEFT(arr, c)                                                    \
  rotate((arr).begin(), (arr).begin() + (c), (arr).end())
#define ROTATE_RIGHT(arr, c)                                                   \
  rotate((arr).rbegin(), (arr).rbegin() + (c), (arr).rend())
#define SUMI(arr) accumulate((arr).begin(), (arr).end(), 0)
#define SUMD(arr) accumulate((arr).begin(), (arr).end(), 0.)
#define SUMLL(arr) accumulate((arr).begin(), (arr).end(), 0LL)
#define MULD(arr)                                                              \
  accumulate((arr).begin(), (arr).end(), 1., multiplies<double>())
#define UB(arr, n) upper_bound((arr).begin(), (arr).end(), n)
#define LB(arr, n) lower_bound((arr).begin(), (arr).end(), n)
#define PB push_back
#define MP make_pair
#define ft first
#define sd second

// input output
//------------------------------------------
#define GL(s) getline(cin, (s))
#define INIT()                                                                 \
  std::ios::sync_with_stdio(false);                                            \
  std::cin.tie(0)
#define OUT(d) std::cout << (d)
#define OUT_L(d) std::cout << (d) << endl
#define FOUT(n, data) std::cout << std::fixed << std::setprecision(n) << (data)
#define FOUT_L(n, data)                                                        \
  std::cout << std::fixed << std::setprecision(n) << (data) << "\n"
#define EL() printf("\n")
#define SHOW_VECTOR(v)                                                         \
  {                                                                            \
    std::cerr << #v << "\t:";                                                  \
    for (const auto &xxx : v) {                                                \
      std::cerr << xxx << " ";                                                 \
    }                                                                          \
    std::cerr << "\n";                                                         \
  }
#define SHOW_MAP(v)                                                            \
  {                                                                            \
    std::cerr << #v << endl;                                                   \
    for (const auto &xxx : v) {                                                \
      std::cerr << xxx.first << " " << xxx.second << "\n";                     \
    }                                                                          \
  }
#define Yes() printf("Yes\n")
#define No() printf("No\n")
#define YES() printf("YES\n")
#define NO() printf("NO\n")
#define Yay() printf("Yay!\n")
#define Nnn() printf(":(\n")
#define CE(x, y) ((x + y - 1) / (y))

template <typename T1, typename T2>
istream &operator>>(istream &in, pair<T1, T2> &p) {
  in >> p.first >> p.second;
  return in;
}

template <typename T> istream &operator>>(istream &in, vector<T> &v) {
  for (auto &x : v)
    in >> x;
  return in;
}

template <typename T1, typename T2>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &out, const std::pair<T1, T2> &p) {
  out << "[" << p.first << ", " << p.second << "]"
      << "\n";
  return out;
}

template <class T1, class T2> inline bool chmin(T1 &a, T2 b) {
  if (a > b) {
    a = b;
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}

template <class T1, class T2> inline bool chmax(T1 &a, T2 b) {
  if (a < b) {
    a = b;
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}

// repetition
//------------------------------------------
#define FOR(i, a, b) for (int i = (a); i < (b); ++i)
#define RFOR(i, a, b) for (int i = (b)-1; i >= (a); --i)
#define REP(i, n) FOR(i, 0, n)
#define RREP(i, n) for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--)
#define FORLL(i, a, b) for (LL i = LL(a); i < LL(b); ++i)
#define RFORLL(i, a, b) for (LL i = LL(b) - 1; i >= LL(a); --i)
#define REPLL(i, n) for (LL i = 0; i < LL(n); ++i)
#define RREPLL(i, n) for (LL i = LL(n) - 1; i >= 0; --i)
#define FOREACH(x, arr) for (auto &(x) : (arr))

// Option + Control + K  Terminal
// Command + Control + K    Run
// Command + b   EOF

//------------------------------------------
//------------------------------------------

constexpr LL MAX = 100010;

int main() {

  LL N;
  cin >> N;

  VLL A(N);
  cin >> A;

  LL s = SUMLL(A);
  VLL cnt(MAX, 0);
  for (auto x : A)
    cnt[x]++;

  int Q;
  cin >> Q;

  while (Q--) {
    LL b, c;
    cin >> b >> c;
    LL diff = (c - b);
    s += diff * cnt[b];
    cnt[c] += cnt[b];
    cnt[b] = 0;
    cout << s << endl;
  }
}