Problem p00998 (C++)

Buggy submission (status: Runtime Error):
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

using T = int;
const T id = INT_MAX;
T op(T l, T r) { return min(l, r); }

enum COL { BLACK, RED };

struct node;
node *update(node *t);
struct node {
  T val, all;
  node *ch[2];
  COL color;
  int level;
  int size;
  node() {}
  void init(T v) {
    val = v;
    all = v;
    color = BLACK;
    level = 0;
    size = 1;
    ch[0] = ch[1] = nullptr;
  }
  void init(node *l, node *r) {
    val = id;
    color = RED;
    ch[0] = l;
    ch[1] = r;
    update(this);
  }
};

const int pmax = 5e5;
node pool[pmax];
queue<int> deleted;
int it = 0;

int count(node *t) { return !t ? 0 : t->size; }

T que(node *t) { return !t ? id : t->all; }

node *update(node *t) {
  t->size = count(t->ch[0]) + count(t->ch[1]) + (!t->ch[0] || !t->ch[1]);
  t->all = op(que(t->ch[0]), op(t->val, que(t->ch[1])));
  t->level = (t->ch[0] ? t->ch[0]->level + (t->ch[0]->color == BLACK) : 0);
  return t;
}

node *new_leaf(T v) {
  if (!deleted.empty()) {
    auto pos = deleted.front();
    deleted.pop();
    pool[pos].init(v);
    return pool + pos;
  }
  assert(it < pmax);
  pool[it].init(v);
  return pool + it++;
}

node *new_node(node *l, node *r) {
  if (!deleted.empty()) {
    auto pos = deleted.front();
    deleted.pop();
    pool[pos].init(l, r);
    return pool + pos;
  }
  assert(it < pmax);
  pool[it].init(l, r);
  return pool + it++;
}

void delete_node(node *t) { deleted.push(t - pool); }

node *rotate(node *t, int b) {
  node *s = t->ch[1 - b];
  t->ch[1 - b] = s->ch[b];
  s->ch[b] = t;
  update(t);
  return update(s);
}

node *submerge(node *l, node *r) {
  if (l->level < r->level) {
    node *c = submerge(l, r->ch[0]);
    r->ch[0] = c;
    if (r->color == BLACK && c->color == RED && c->ch[0] &&
        c->ch[0]->color == RED) {
      if (r->ch[1]->color == BLACK) {
        r->color = RED;
        c->color = BLACK;
        return rotate(r, 1);
      }
      c->color = BLACK;
      r->ch[1]->color = BLACK;
      r->color = RED;
    }
    return update(r);
  }
  if (l->level > r->level) {
    node *c = submerge(l->ch[1], r);
    l->ch[1] = c;
    if (l->color == BLACK && c->color == RED && c->ch[1] &&
        c->ch[1]->color == RED) {
      if (l->ch[0]->color == BLACK) {
        l->color = RED;
        c->color = BLACK;
        return rotate(l, 0);
      }
      l->ch[0]->color = BLACK;
      c->color = BLACK;
      l->color = RED;
    }
    return update(l);
  }
  return new_node(l, r);
}

node *merge(node *l, node *r) {
  if (!l)
    return r;
  if (!r)
    return l;
  node *c = submerge(l, r);
  c->color = BLACK;
  return c;
}

pair<node *, node *> split(node *t, int k) {
  if (!t)
    return make_pair(nullptr, nullptr);
  if (k == 0)
    return make_pair(nullptr, t);
  if (k >= count(t))
    return make_pair(t, nullptr);
  int c = count(t->ch[0]);
  node *l = t->ch[0], *r = t->ch[1];
  delete_node(t);
  if (k < c) {
    pair<node *, node *> p = split(l, k);
    return make_pair(p.first, merge(p.second, r));
  }
  if (k > c) {
    pair<node *, node *> p = split(r, k - c);
    return make_pair(merge(l, p.first), p.second);
  }
  return make_pair(l, r);
}

node *insert(node *t, int k, T v) {
  pair<node *, node *> s = split(t, k);
  return merge(merge(s.first, new_leaf(v)), s.second);
}

node *erase(node *t, int k) {
  pair<node *, node *> s1 = split(t, k), s2 = split(s1.second, 1);
  return merge(s1.first, s2.second);
}

T find(node *t, int l, int r) {
  if (!t)
    return id;
  if (r < 0 || l >= count(t))
    return id;
  if (l <= 0 && r >= t->size)
    return t->all;
  int c = count(t->ch[0]), d = c + (!t->ch[0] || !t->ch[1]);
  return op(!t->ch[0] ? id : find(t->ch[0], l, r),
            op(l <= c && c < r ? t->val : id,
               !t->ch[1] ? id : find(t->ch[1], l - d, r - d)));
}

node *find(node *t, int k) {
  if (!t)
    return t;
  int c = count(t->ch[0]), b = (!t->ch[0] || !t->ch[1]);
  return c == 0 && b ? t
         : k < c     ? find(t->ch[0], k)
                     : find(t->ch[1], k - c - b);
}

node *build(const vector<int> &v, int lb, int ub) {
  if (ub - lb == 1)
    return new_leaf(v[lb]);
  int m = (lb + ub) >> 1;
  return merge(build(v, lb, m), build(v, m, ub));
}

int main() {
  ios::sync_with_stdio(false), cin.tie(0);
  int n, q;
  cin >> n >> q;
  vector<int> a(n);
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    cin >> a[i];
  }
  node *root = build(a, 0, n);
  while (q--) {
    int x, y, z;
    cin >> x >> y >> z;
    if (x == 0) {
      int val = find(root, z)->val;
      root = insert(erase(root, z), y, val);
    } else if (x == 1) {
      printf("%d\n", find(root, y, z + 1));
    } else {
      root = erase(root, y);
      root = insert(root, y, z);
    }
  }
  return 0;
}


Fixed submission:
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

using T = int;
const T id = INT_MAX;
T op(T l, T r) { return min(l, r); }

enum COL { BLACK, RED };

struct node;
node *update(node *t);
struct node {
  T val, all;
  node *ch[2];
  COL color;
  int level;
  int size;
  node() {}
  void init(T v) {
    val = v;
    all = v;
    color = BLACK;
    level = 0;
    size = 1;
    ch[0] = ch[1] = nullptr;
  }
  void init(node *l, node *r) {
    val = id;
    color = RED;
    ch[0] = l;
    ch[1] = r;
    update(this);
  }
};

const int pmax = 8e5;
node pool[pmax];
queue<int> deleted;
int it = 0;

int count(node *t) { return !t ? 0 : t->size; }

T que(node *t) { return !t ? id : t->all; }

node *update(node *t) {
  t->size = count(t->ch[0]) + count(t->ch[1]) + (!t->ch[0] || !t->ch[1]);
  t->all = op(que(t->ch[0]), op(t->val, que(t->ch[1])));
  t->level = (t->ch[0] ? t->ch[0]->level + (t->ch[0]->color == BLACK) : 0);
  return t;
}

node *new_leaf(T v) {
  if (!deleted.empty()) {
    auto pos = deleted.front();
    deleted.pop();
    pool[pos].init(v);
    return pool + pos;
  }
  assert(it < pmax);
  pool[it].init(v);
  return pool + it++;
}

node *new_node(node *l, node *r) {
  if (!deleted.empty()) {
    auto pos = deleted.front();
    deleted.pop();
    pool[pos].init(l, r);
    return pool + pos;
  }
  assert(it < pmax);
  pool[it].init(l, r);
  return pool + it++;
}

void delete_node(node *t) { deleted.push(t - pool); }

node *rotate(node *t, int b) {
  node *s = t->ch[1 - b];
  t->ch[1 - b] = s->ch[b];
  s->ch[b] = t;
  update(t);
  return update(s);
}

node *submerge(node *l, node *r) {
  if (l->level < r->level) {
    node *c = submerge(l, r->ch[0]);
    r->ch[0] = c;
    if (r->color == BLACK && c->color == RED && c->ch[0] &&
        c->ch[0]->color == RED) {
      if (r->ch[1]->color == BLACK) {
        r->color = RED;
        c->color = BLACK;
        return rotate(r, 1);
      }
      c->color = BLACK;
      r->ch[1]->color = BLACK;
      r->color = RED;
    }
    return update(r);
  }
  if (l->level > r->level) {
    node *c = submerge(l->ch[1], r);
    l->ch[1] = c;
    if (l->color == BLACK && c->color == RED && c->ch[1] &&
        c->ch[1]->color == RED) {
      if (l->ch[0]->color == BLACK) {
        l->color = RED;
        c->color = BLACK;
        return rotate(l, 0);
      }
      l->ch[0]->color = BLACK;
      c->color = BLACK;
      l->color = RED;
    }
    return update(l);
  }
  return new_node(l, r);
}

node *merge(node *l, node *r) {
  if (!l)
    return r;
  if (!r)
    return l;
  node *c = submerge(l, r);
  c->color = BLACK;
  return c;
}

pair<node *, node *> split(node *t, int k) {
  if (!t)
    return make_pair(nullptr, nullptr);
  if (k == 0)
    return make_pair(nullptr, t);
  if (k >= count(t))
    return make_pair(t, nullptr);
  int c = count(t->ch[0]);
  node *l = t->ch[0], *r = t->ch[1];
  delete_node(t);
  if (k < c) {
    pair<node *, node *> p = split(l, k);
    return make_pair(p.first, merge(p.second, r));
  }
  if (k > c) {
    pair<node *, node *> p = split(r, k - c);
    return make_pair(merge(l, p.first), p.second);
  }
  return make_pair(l, r);
}

node *insert(node *t, int k, T v) {
  pair<node *, node *> s = split(t, k);
  return merge(merge(s.first, new_leaf(v)), s.second);
}

node *erase(node *t, int k) {
  pair<node *, node *> s1 = split(t, k), s2 = split(s1.second, 1);
  return merge(s1.first, s2.second);
}

T find(node *t, int l, int r) {
  if (!t)
    return id;
  if (r < 0 || l >= count(t))
    return id;
  if (l <= 0 && r >= t->size)
    return t->all;
  int c = count(t->ch[0]), d = c + (!t->ch[0] || !t->ch[1]);
  return op(!t->ch[0] ? id : find(t->ch[0], l, r),
            op(l <= c && c < r ? t->val : id,
               !t->ch[1] ? id : find(t->ch[1], l - d, r - d)));
}

node *find(node *t, int k) {
  if (!t)
    return t;
  int c = count(t->ch[0]), b = (!t->ch[0] || !t->ch[1]);
  return c == 0 && b ? t
         : k < c     ? find(t->ch[0], k)
                     : find(t->ch[1], k - c - b);
}

node *build(const vector<int> &v, int lb, int ub) {
  if (ub - lb == 1)
    return new_leaf(v[lb]);
  int m = (lb + ub) >> 1;
  return merge(build(v, lb, m), build(v, m, ub));
}

int main() {
  ios::sync_with_stdio(false), cin.tie(0);
  int n, q;
  cin >> n >> q;
  vector<int> a(n);
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    cin >> a[i];
  }
  node *root = build(a, 0, n);
  while (q--) {
    int x, y, z;
    cin >> x >> y >> z;
    if (x == 0) {
      int val = find(root, z)->val;
      root = insert(erase(root, z), y, val);
    } else if (x == 1) {
      printf("%d\n", find(root, y, z + 1));
    } else {
      root = erase(root, y);
      root = insert(root, y, z);
    }
  }
  return 0;
}