Problem p00709 (C++)

Buggy submission (status: Time Limit Exceeded):
#include <bits/stdc++.h>

#define REP(i, s, n) for (int i = s; i < n; i++)
#define rep(i, n) REP(i, 0, n)

using namespace std;

const int IINF = INT_MAX;
int H, W, mincost;
int P[10][10], bin[10], bc[(1 << 10)];
int put[10][10], counter[10][10];

bool can_put(int len, int x, int y) {
  REP(i, y, y + len) REP(j, x, x + len) if (!P[i][j]) return false;
  return true;
}

void dfs(int cur, int cost, int remain) {

  if (cost >= mincost)
    return;
  //  if( cost + ((remain>0)?1:0) >= mincost ) return;

  if (cur >= H * W) {
    mincost = min(mincost, cost);
    return;
  }

  int x = cur % W, y = cur / W;

  if (!P[y][x] || counter[y][x] == 1) {
    dfs(cur + 1, cost, remain);
    return;
  }

  if ((bin[y] >> x) & 1)
    dfs(cur + 1, cost, remain);

  int len = put[y][x];
  int bitmask = ((1 << len) - 1) << x;
  int buf[len];
  int add = 0, nremain = remain;
  rep(j, len) {
    buf[j] = bin[y + j];
    add += len - bc[((1 << len) - 1) & (bin[y + j] >> x)];
    bin[y + j] |= bitmask;
  }
  nremain -= add;
  if (add)
    dfs(cur + 1, cost + 1, nremain);
  rep(j, len) bin[y + j] = buf[j];
}

bool isValid(int x, int y) { return 0 <= x && x < W && 0 <= y && y < H; }

int main() {

  rep(i, (1 << 10)) bc[i] = __builtin_popcount(i);

  while (scanf("%d%d", &W, &H), W | H) {

    rep(i, H) {
      bin[i] = 0;
      rep(j, W) {
        cin >> P[i][j];
        put[i][j] = 0;
      }
    }
    rep(y, H) rep(x, W) if (P[y][x]) {
      for (int len = min(H, W); len >= 1; len--) {
        if (x + len - 1 < W && y + len - 1 < H) {
          if (can_put(len, x, y)) {
            put[y][x] = len;
            break;
          }
        }
      }
    }

    rep(i, H) rep(j, W) counter[i][j] = 0;
    rep(i, H) rep(j, W) if (P[i][j]) {
      REP(y, i, i + put[i][j]) REP(x, j, j + put[i][j]) { counter[y][x]++; }
    }

    rep(i, H) {
      rep(j, W) {
        if (counter[i][j] == 1) {
          REP(y, i, i + put[i][j]) REP(x, j, j + put[i][j]) {
            bin[y] |= (1 << x);
          }
        }
      }
    }

    int add = 0;
    int remain = 0;
    mincost = 0;
    rep(i, H) rep(j, W) remain += ((bin[i] >> j) & 1), mincost += P[i][j];
    remain = mincost - remain;
    dfs(0, 0, remain);

    rep(i, H) rep(j, W) if (counter[i][j] == 1) add++;
    cout << mincost + add << endl;
  }
  return 0;
}

Fixed submission:
#include <bits/stdc++.h>

#define REP(i, s, n) for (int i = s; i < n; i++)
#define rep(i, n) REP(i, 0, n)

using namespace std;

const int IINF = INT_MAX;
int H, W, mincost;
int P[10][10], bin[10], bc[(1 << 10)];
int put[10][10], counter[10][10];

bool can_put(int len, int x, int y) {
  REP(i, y, y + len) REP(j, x, x + len) if (!P[i][j]) return false;
  return true;
}

void dfs(int cur, int cost, int remain) {

  if (cost >= mincost)
    return;
  if (cost + ((remain > 0) ? 1 : 0) >= mincost)
    return;

  if (cur >= H * W) {
    mincost = min(mincost, cost);
    return;
  }

  int x = cur % W, y = cur / W;

  if (!P[y][x] || counter[y][x] == 1) {
    dfs(cur + 1, cost, remain);
    return;
  }

  if ((bin[y] >> x) & 1)
    dfs(cur + 1, cost, remain);

  int len = put[y][x];
  int bitmask = ((1 << len) - 1) << x;
  int buf[len];
  int add = 0, nremain = remain;
  rep(j, len) {
    buf[j] = bin[y + j];
    add += len - bc[((1 << len) - 1) & (bin[y + j] >> x)];
    bin[y + j] |= bitmask;
  }
  nremain -= add;
  if (add)
    dfs(cur + 1, cost + 1, nremain);
  rep(j, len) bin[y + j] = buf[j];
}

bool isValid(int x, int y) { return 0 <= x && x < W && 0 <= y && y < H; }

int main() {

  rep(i, (1 << 10)) bc[i] = __builtin_popcount(i);

  while (scanf("%d%d", &W, &H), W | H) {

    rep(i, H) {
      bin[i] = 0;
      rep(j, W) {
        cin >> P[i][j];
        put[i][j] = 0;
      }
    }
    rep(y, H) rep(x, W) if (P[y][x]) {
      for (int len = min(H, W); len >= 1; len--) {
        if (x + len - 1 < W && y + len - 1 < H) {
          if (can_put(len, x, y)) {
            put[y][x] = len;
            break;
          }
        }
      }
    }

    rep(i, H) rep(j, W) counter[i][j] = 0;
    rep(i, H) rep(j, W) if (P[i][j]) {
      REP(y, i, i + put[i][j]) REP(x, j, j + put[i][j]) { counter[y][x]++; }
    }

    rep(i, H) {
      rep(j, W) {
        if (counter[i][j] == 1) {
          REP(y, i, i + put[i][j]) REP(x, j, j + put[i][j]) {
            bin[y] |= (1 << x);
          }
        }
      }
    }

    int add = 0;
    int remain = 0;
    mincost = 0;
    rep(i, H) rep(j, W) remain += ((bin[i] >> j) & 1), mincost += P[i][j];
    remain = mincost - remain;
    dfs(0, 0, remain);

    rep(i, H) rep(j, W) if (counter[i][j] == 1) add++;
    cout << mincost + add << endl;
  }
  return 0;
}