Problem p03498 (C++)

Buggy submission (status: Runtime Error):
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
using namespace std;

#define rep(i, n) for (long long i = 0; i < (long long)(n); i++)
#define repi(i, a, b)                                                          \
  for (long long i = (long long)(a); i < (long long)(b); i++)
#define pb push_back
#define all(x) (x).begin(), (x).end()
#define fi first
#define se second
#define mt make_tuple
#define mp make_pair
template <class T1, class T2> bool chmin(T1 &a, T2 b) {
  return b < a && (a = b, true);
}
template <class T1, class T2> bool chmax(T1 &a, T2 b) {
  return a < b && (a = b, true);
}

using ll = long long;
using vll = vector<ll>;
using vvll = vector<vll>;
using P = pair<ll, ll>;
using ld = long double;
using vld = vector<ld>;
using vi = vector<int>;
using vvi = vector<vi>;
vll conv(vi &v) {
  vll r(v.size());
  rep(i, v.size()) r[i] = v[i];
  return r;
}

inline void input(int &v) {
  v = 0;
  char c = 0;
  int p = 1;
  while (c < '0' || c > '9') {
    if (c == '-')
      p = -1;
    c = getchar();
  }
  while (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
    v = (v << 3) + (v << 1) + c - '0';
    c = getchar();
  }
  v *= p;
}
template <typename T, typename U>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &o, const pair<T, U> &v) {
  o << "(" << v.first << ", " << v.second << ")";
  return o;
}
template <size_t...> struct seq {};
template <size_t N, size_t... Is>
struct gen_seq : gen_seq<N - 1, N - 1, Is...> {};
template <size_t... Is> struct gen_seq<0, Is...> : seq<Is...> {};
template <class Ch, class Tr, class Tuple, size_t... Is>
void print_tuple(basic_ostream<Ch, Tr> &os, Tuple const &t, seq<Is...>) {
  using s = int[];
  (void)s{0, (void(os << (Is == 0 ? "" : ", ") << get<Is>(t)), 0)...};
}
template <class Ch, class Tr, class... Args>
auto operator<<(basic_ostream<Ch, Tr> &os, tuple<Args...> const &t)
    -> basic_ostream<Ch, Tr> & {
  os << "(";
  print_tuple(os, t, gen_seq<sizeof...(Args)>());
  return os << ")";
}
ostream &operator<<(ostream &o, const vvll &v) {
  rep(i, v.size()) {
    rep(j, v[i].size()) o << v[i][j] << " ";
    o << endl;
  }
  return o;
}
template <typename T> ostream &operator<<(ostream &o, const vector<T> &v) {
  o << '[';
  rep(i, v.size()) o << v[i] << (i != v.size() - 1 ? ", " : "");
  o << "]";
  return o;
}
template <typename T> ostream &operator<<(ostream &o, const deque<T> &v) {
  o << '[';
  rep(i, v.size()) o << v[i] << (i != v.size() - 1 ? ", " : "");
  o << "]";
  return o;
}
template <typename T> ostream &operator<<(ostream &o, const set<T> &m) {
  o << '[';
  for (auto it = m.begin(); it != m.end(); it++)
    o << *it << (next(it) != m.end() ? ", " : "");
  o << "]";
  return o;
}
template <typename T>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &o, const unordered_set<T> &m) {
  o << '[';
  for (auto it = m.begin(); it != m.end(); it++)
    o << *it << (next(it) != m.end() ? ", " : "");
  o << "]";
  return o;
}
template <typename T, typename U>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &o, const map<T, U> &m) {
  o << '[';
  for (auto it = m.begin(); it != m.end(); it++)
    o << *it << (next(it) != m.end() ? ", " : "");
  o << "]";
  return o;
}
template <typename T, typename U, typename V>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &o, const unordered_map<T, U, V> &m) {
  o << '[';
  for (auto it = m.begin(); it != m.end(); it++)
    o << *it;
  o << "]";
  return o;
}
vector<int> range(const int x, const int y) {
  vector<int> v(y - x + 1);
  iota(v.begin(), v.end(), x);
  return v;
}
template <typename T> istream &operator>>(istream &i, vector<T> &o) {
  rep(j, o.size()) i >> o[j];
  return i;
}
template <typename T, typename S, typename U>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &o, const priority_queue<T, S, U> &v) {
  auto tmp = v;
  while (tmp.size()) {
    auto x = tmp.top();
    tmp.pop();
    o << x << " ";
  }
  return o;
}
template <typename T> ostream &operator<<(ostream &o, const queue<T> &v) {
  auto tmp = v;
  while (tmp.size()) {
    auto x = tmp.front();
    tmp.pop();
    o << x << " ";
  }
  return o;
}
template <typename T> ostream &operator<<(ostream &o, const stack<T> &v) {
  auto tmp = v;
  while (tmp.size()) {
    auto x = tmp.top();
    tmp.pop();
    o << x << " ";
  }
  return o;
}
template <typename T> unordered_map<T, ll> counter(vector<T> vec) {
  unordered_map<T, ll> ret;
  for (auto &&x : vec)
    ret[x]++;
  return ret;
};
string substr(string s, P x) { return s.substr(x.fi, x.se - x.fi); }
void vizGraph(vvll &g, int mode = 0, string filename = "out.png") {
  ofstream ofs("./out.dot");
  ofs << "digraph graph_name {" << endl;
  set<P> memo;
  rep(i, g.size()) rep(j, g[i].size()) {
    if (mode && (memo.count(P(i, g[i][j])) || memo.count(P(g[i][j], i))))
      continue;
    memo.insert(P(i, g[i][j]));
    ofs << "    " << i << " -> " << g[i][j]
        << (mode ? " [arrowhead = none]" : "") << endl;
  }
  ofs << "}" << endl;
  ofs.close();
  system(((string) "dot -T png out.dot >" + filename).c_str());
}
size_t random_seed;
namespace std {
using argument_type = P;
template <> struct hash<argument_type> {
  size_t operator()(argument_type const &x) const {
    size_t seed = random_seed;
    seed ^= hash<ll>{}(x.fi);
    seed ^= (hash<ll>{}(x.se) << 1);
    return seed;
  }
};
}; // namespace std
struct timeval start;
double sec() {
  struct timeval tv;
  gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
  return (tv.tv_sec - start.tv_sec) + (tv.tv_usec - start.tv_usec) * 1e-6;
}
struct init_ {
  init_() {
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cin.tie(0);
    gettimeofday(&start, NULL);
    struct timeval myTime;
    struct tm *time_st;
    gettimeofday(&myTime, NULL);
    time_st = localtime(&myTime.tv_sec);
    srand(myTime.tv_usec);
    random_seed = RAND_MAX / 2 + rand() / 2;
  }
} init__;
uint32_t randxor() {
  static uint32_t x = 1 + (uint32_t)random_seed, y = 362436069, z = 521288629,
                  w = 88675123;
  uint32_t t;
  t = (x ^ (x << 11));
  x = y;
  y = z;
  z = w;
  return (w = (w ^ (w >> 19)) ^ (t ^ (t >> 8)));
}
#define rand randxor
#define ldout fixed << setprecision(40)

#define EPS (double)1e-14
#define INF (ll)1e18
#define mo (ll)(1e9 + 7)

vector<P> ret;
#define add(i, j) (ret.pb(P(i, j)))
vll a_org;
int main(void) {
  ll n;
  cin >> n;
  vll a(n);
  cin >> a;

  a_org = a;
  ll M = 0, m = 0;
  ll Mi = 0, mi = 0;
  //    cout << m << " " << M << " " << endl;
  rep(i, n) {
    if (M < a[i]) {
      M = a[i];
      Mi = i;
    }
    if (m > a[i]) {
      m = a[i];
      mi = i;
    }
  }
  ll tar = 0;
  if (abs(M) > abs(m)) {
    tar = Mi;
  } else {
    tar = mi;
  }
  //    cout << m << " " << M << " " << endl;
  if (abs(M) > abs(m)) {
    rep(i, n) {
      if (a[i] < 0) {
        add(tar, i);
        a[i] += M;
      }
    }
  } else {
    rep(i, n) {
      if (a[i] > 0) {
        add(tar, i);
        a[i] += m;
      }
    }
  }
  //    cout << a << endl;

  if (abs(M) > abs(m)) {
    rep(i, n - 1) {
      if (a[i + 1] < a[i]) {
        add(i, i + 1);
        a[i + 1] += a[i];
      }
    }
  } else {
    for (ll i = n - 1; i >= 1; i--) {
      if (a[i] < a[i - 1]) {
        add(i, i - 1);
        a[i - 1] += a[i];
      }
    }
  }
  //    cout << a << endl;

  assert(ret.size() * 2 <= 2 * n);
  rep(i, ret.size()) { a_org[ret[i].se] += a_org[ret[i].fi]; }
  rep(i, n - 1) { assert(a[i] <= a[i + 1]); }
  cout << ret.size() << endl;
  rep(i, ret.size()) { cout << ret[i].fi + 1 << " " << ret[i].se + 1 << endl; }

  return 0;
}


Fixed submission:
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
using namespace std;

#define rep(i, n) for (long long i = 0; i < (long long)(n); i++)
#define repi(i, a, b)                                                          \
  for (long long i = (long long)(a); i < (long long)(b); i++)
#define pb push_back
#define all(x) (x).begin(), (x).end()
#define fi first
#define se second
#define mt make_tuple
#define mp make_pair
template <class T1, class T2> bool chmin(T1 &a, T2 b) {
  return b < a && (a = b, true);
}
template <class T1, class T2> bool chmax(T1 &a, T2 b) {
  return a < b && (a = b, true);
}

using ll = long long;
using vll = vector<ll>;
using vvll = vector<vll>;
using P = pair<ll, ll>;
using ld = long double;
using vld = vector<ld>;
using vi = vector<int>;
using vvi = vector<vi>;
vll conv(vi &v) {
  vll r(v.size());
  rep(i, v.size()) r[i] = v[i];
  return r;
}

inline void input(int &v) {
  v = 0;
  char c = 0;
  int p = 1;
  while (c < '0' || c > '9') {
    if (c == '-')
      p = -1;
    c = getchar();
  }
  while (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
    v = (v << 3) + (v << 1) + c - '0';
    c = getchar();
  }
  v *= p;
}
template <typename T, typename U>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &o, const pair<T, U> &v) {
  o << "(" << v.first << ", " << v.second << ")";
  return o;
}
template <size_t...> struct seq {};
template <size_t N, size_t... Is>
struct gen_seq : gen_seq<N - 1, N - 1, Is...> {};
template <size_t... Is> struct gen_seq<0, Is...> : seq<Is...> {};
template <class Ch, class Tr, class Tuple, size_t... Is>
void print_tuple(basic_ostream<Ch, Tr> &os, Tuple const &t, seq<Is...>) {
  using s = int[];
  (void)s{0, (void(os << (Is == 0 ? "" : ", ") << get<Is>(t)), 0)...};
}
template <class Ch, class Tr, class... Args>
auto operator<<(basic_ostream<Ch, Tr> &os, tuple<Args...> const &t)
    -> basic_ostream<Ch, Tr> & {
  os << "(";
  print_tuple(os, t, gen_seq<sizeof...(Args)>());
  return os << ")";
}
ostream &operator<<(ostream &o, const vvll &v) {
  rep(i, v.size()) {
    rep(j, v[i].size()) o << v[i][j] << " ";
    o << endl;
  }
  return o;
}
template <typename T> ostream &operator<<(ostream &o, const vector<T> &v) {
  o << '[';
  rep(i, v.size()) o << v[i] << (i != v.size() - 1 ? ", " : "");
  o << "]";
  return o;
}
template <typename T> ostream &operator<<(ostream &o, const deque<T> &v) {
  o << '[';
  rep(i, v.size()) o << v[i] << (i != v.size() - 1 ? ", " : "");
  o << "]";
  return o;
}
template <typename T> ostream &operator<<(ostream &o, const set<T> &m) {
  o << '[';
  for (auto it = m.begin(); it != m.end(); it++)
    o << *it << (next(it) != m.end() ? ", " : "");
  o << "]";
  return o;
}
template <typename T>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &o, const unordered_set<T> &m) {
  o << '[';
  for (auto it = m.begin(); it != m.end(); it++)
    o << *it << (next(it) != m.end() ? ", " : "");
  o << "]";
  return o;
}
template <typename T, typename U>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &o, const map<T, U> &m) {
  o << '[';
  for (auto it = m.begin(); it != m.end(); it++)
    o << *it << (next(it) != m.end() ? ", " : "");
  o << "]";
  return o;
}
template <typename T, typename U, typename V>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &o, const unordered_map<T, U, V> &m) {
  o << '[';
  for (auto it = m.begin(); it != m.end(); it++)
    o << *it;
  o << "]";
  return o;
}
vector<int> range(const int x, const int y) {
  vector<int> v(y - x + 1);
  iota(v.begin(), v.end(), x);
  return v;
}
template <typename T> istream &operator>>(istream &i, vector<T> &o) {
  rep(j, o.size()) i >> o[j];
  return i;
}
template <typename T, typename S, typename U>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &o, const priority_queue<T, S, U> &v) {
  auto tmp = v;
  while (tmp.size()) {
    auto x = tmp.top();
    tmp.pop();
    o << x << " ";
  }
  return o;
}
template <typename T> ostream &operator<<(ostream &o, const queue<T> &v) {
  auto tmp = v;
  while (tmp.size()) {
    auto x = tmp.front();
    tmp.pop();
    o << x << " ";
  }
  return o;
}
template <typename T> ostream &operator<<(ostream &o, const stack<T> &v) {
  auto tmp = v;
  while (tmp.size()) {
    auto x = tmp.top();
    tmp.pop();
    o << x << " ";
  }
  return o;
}
template <typename T> unordered_map<T, ll> counter(vector<T> vec) {
  unordered_map<T, ll> ret;
  for (auto &&x : vec)
    ret[x]++;
  return ret;
};
string substr(string s, P x) { return s.substr(x.fi, x.se - x.fi); }
void vizGraph(vvll &g, int mode = 0, string filename = "out.png") {
  ofstream ofs("./out.dot");
  ofs << "digraph graph_name {" << endl;
  set<P> memo;
  rep(i, g.size()) rep(j, g[i].size()) {
    if (mode && (memo.count(P(i, g[i][j])) || memo.count(P(g[i][j], i))))
      continue;
    memo.insert(P(i, g[i][j]));
    ofs << "    " << i << " -> " << g[i][j]
        << (mode ? " [arrowhead = none]" : "") << endl;
  }
  ofs << "}" << endl;
  ofs.close();
  system(((string) "dot -T png out.dot >" + filename).c_str());
}
size_t random_seed;
namespace std {
using argument_type = P;
template <> struct hash<argument_type> {
  size_t operator()(argument_type const &x) const {
    size_t seed = random_seed;
    seed ^= hash<ll>{}(x.fi);
    seed ^= (hash<ll>{}(x.se) << 1);
    return seed;
  }
};
}; // namespace std
struct timeval start;
double sec() {
  struct timeval tv;
  gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
  return (tv.tv_sec - start.tv_sec) + (tv.tv_usec - start.tv_usec) * 1e-6;
}
struct init_ {
  init_() {
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cin.tie(0);
    gettimeofday(&start, NULL);
    struct timeval myTime;
    struct tm *time_st;
    gettimeofday(&myTime, NULL);
    time_st = localtime(&myTime.tv_sec);
    srand(myTime.tv_usec);
    random_seed = RAND_MAX / 2 + rand() / 2;
  }
} init__;
uint32_t randxor() {
  static uint32_t x = 1 + (uint32_t)random_seed, y = 362436069, z = 521288629,
                  w = 88675123;
  uint32_t t;
  t = (x ^ (x << 11));
  x = y;
  y = z;
  z = w;
  return (w = (w ^ (w >> 19)) ^ (t ^ (t >> 8)));
}
#define rand randxor
#define ldout fixed << setprecision(40)

#define EPS (double)1e-14
#define INF (ll)1e18
#define mo (ll)(1e9 + 7)

vector<P> ret;
#define add(i, j) (ret.pb(P(i, j)))
vll a_org;
int main(void) {
  ll n;
  cin >> n;
  vll a(n);
  cin >> a;

  a_org = a;
  ll M = 0, m = 0;
  ll Mi = 0, mi = 0;
  //    cout << m << " " << M << " " << endl;
  rep(i, n) {
    if (M < a[i]) {
      M = a[i];
      Mi = i;
    }
    if (m > a[i]) {
      m = a[i];
      mi = i;
    }
  }
  ll tar = 0;
  if (abs(M) > abs(m)) {
    tar = Mi;
  } else {
    tar = mi;
  }
  //    cout << m << " " << M << " " << endl;
  if (abs(M) > abs(m)) {
    rep(i, n) {
      if (a[i] < 0) {
        add(tar, i);
        a[i] += M;
      }
    }
  } else {
    rep(i, n) {
      if (a[i] > 0) {
        add(tar, i);
        a[i] += m;
      }
    }
  }
  //    cout << a << endl;

  if (abs(M) > abs(m)) {
    rep(i, n - 1) {
      if (a[i + 1] < a[i]) {
        add(i, i + 1);
        a[i + 1] += a[i];
      }
    }
  } else {
    for (ll i = n - 1; i >= 1; i--) {
      if (a[i] < a[i - 1]) {
        add(i, i - 1);
        a[i - 1] += a[i];
      }
    }
  }
  //    cout << a << endl;

  assert(ret.size() <= 2 * n);
  rep(i, ret.size()) { a_org[ret[i].se] += a_org[ret[i].fi]; }
  rep(i, n - 1) { assert(a[i] <= a[i + 1]); }
  cout << ret.size() << endl;
  rep(i, ret.size()) { cout << ret[i].fi + 1 << " " << ret[i].se + 1 << endl; }

  return 0;
}