Problem p03286 (C++)

Buggy submission (status: Runtime Error):
#include <algorithm>
#include <cassert>
#include <climits>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstring>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <queue>
#include <set>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

#define MOD 1000000007
#define REP(i, n) for (ll(i) = 0; (i) < (n); (i)++)
#define FOR(i, c)                                                              \
  for (decltype((c).begin()) i = (c).begin(); i != (c).end(); ++i)
#define ll long long
#define ull unsigned long long
#define all(hoge) (hoge).begin(), (hoge).end()
typedef pair<ll, ll> P;
const long long INF = 1LL << 60;
typedef vector<ll> Array;
typedef vector<Array> Matrix;

template <class T> inline bool chmin(T &a, T b) {
  if (a > b) {
    a = b;
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}
template <class T> inline bool chmax(T &a, T b) {
  if (a < b) {
    a = b;
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}

// グラフ関連
struct Edge { // グラフ
  ll to, cap, rev;
  Edge(ll _to, ll _cap, ll _rev) {
    to = _to;
    cap = _cap;
    rev = _rev;
  }
};
typedef vector<Edge> Edges;
typedef vector<Edges> Graph;

void add_edge(Graph &G, ll from, ll to,
              ll cap) { // 最大フロー求める Ford-fulkerson
  G[from].push_back(Edge(to, cap, (ll)G[to].size()));
  G[to].push_back(
      Edge(from, cap, (ll)G[from].size() - 1)); // 最小カットの場合逆辺は0にする
}

// 有向グラフのエッジ
void add_edge_v(Graph &G, ll from, ll to, ll cap) {
  G[from].push_back(Edge(to, cap, (ll)G[to].size()));
}

ll max_flow_dfs(Graph &G, ll v, ll t, ll f, vector<bool> &used) {
  if (v == t)
    return f;
  used[v] = true;
  for (int i = 0; i < G[v].size(); ++i) {
    Edge &e = G[v][i];
    if (!used[e.to] && e.cap > 0) {
      ll d = max_flow_dfs(G, e.to, t, min(f, e.cap), used);
      if (d > 0) {
        e.cap -= d;
        G[e.to][e.rev].cap += d;
        return d;
      }
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

ll max_flow(Graph &G, ll s, ll t) {
  ll flow = 0;
  for (;;) {
    vector<bool> used(G.size());
    REP(i, used.size()) used[i] = false;
    ll f = max_flow_dfs(G, s, t, INF, used);
    if (f == 0) {
      return flow;
    }
    flow += f;
  }
}

// 最短経路(n>0だとだめ)
void Dijkstra(Graph &G, ll s, Array &d) { // O(|E|log|V|)
  d.resize(G.size());
  REP(i, d.size()) d[i] = INF;
  d[s] = 0;
  priority_queue<P, vector<P>, greater<P>> q;
  q.push(make_pair(0, s));
  while (!q.empty()) {
    P a = q.top();
    q.pop();
    if (d[a.second] < a.first)
      continue;
    REP(i, G[a.second].size()) {
      Edge e = G[a.second][i];
      if (d[e.to] > d[a.second] + e.cap) {
        d[e.to] = d[a.second] + e.cap;
        q.push(make_pair(d[e.to], e.to));
      }
    }
  }
}

// 最短経路(n<0でもok)
void WarshallFloyd(Graph &G, Matrix &d) { // O(V^3)
  d.resize(G.size());
  REP(i, d.size()) d[i].resize(G.size());
  REP(i, d.size()) {
    REP(j, d[i].size()) { d[i][j] = INF; }
  }
  REP(i, G.size()) {
    REP(j, G[i].size()) { d[i][G[i][j].to] = G[i][j].cap; }
  }
  REP(i, G.size()) {
    REP(j, G.size()) {
      REP(k, G.size()) { chmin(d[j][k], d[j][i] + d[i][k]); }
    }
  }
}

class UnionFind {
  vector<int> data;
  int num;

public:
  UnionFind(int size) : data(size, -1), num(size) {}
  bool unionSet(int x, int y) {
    x = root(x);
    y = root(y);
    if (x != y) {
      if (data[y] < data[x])
        swap(x, y);
      data[x] += data[y];
      data[y] = x;
      num--;
    }
    return x != y;
  }
  bool findSet(int x, int y) { return root(x) == root(y); }
  int root(int x) { return data[x] < 0 ? x : data[x] = root(data[x]); }
  int size(int x) { return -data[root(x)]; }
  int numSet() { return num; }
};

// nCr,nPr,modの逆元
class Combination {
public:
  Array fact; // n！
  Array inv;  // n!の逆元
  ll mod;

  // modの逆元
  ll mod_inv(ll x) {
    ll n = mod - 2;
    ll res = 1LL;
    while (n > 0) {
      if (n & 1)
        res = res * x % mod;
      x = x * x % mod;
      n >>= 1;
    }
    return res;
  }
  ll nCr(ll n, ll r) { return ((fact[n] * inv[r] % mod) * inv[n - r]) % mod; }
  ll nPr(ll n, ll r) { return (fact[n] * inv[n - r]) % mod; }
  Combination(ll n, ll _mod) {
    mod = _mod;
    fact.resize(n + 1);
    fact[0] = 1;
    REP(i, n) { fact[i + 1] = (fact[i] * (i + 1LL)) % mod; }
    inv.resize(n + 1);
    REP(i, n + 1) { inv[i] = mod_inv(fact[i]); }
  }
};

// 約数
void divisor(ll n, vector<ll> &ret) {
  for (ll i = 1; i * i <= n; i++) {
    if (n % i == 0) {
      ret.push_back(i);
      if (i * i != n)
        ret.push_back(n / i);
    }
  }
  sort(ret.begin(), ret.end());
}

// 素因数分解
void factoring(ll i, map<ll, ll> &mp) {
  ll x = i;
  // cout << x << endl;
  for (int j = 2; j <= i; j++) {
    if (x % j == 0) {

      if (mp.find(j) == mp.end()) {
        mp[j] = 0;
      }
      while (x % j == 0 && x > 1) {
        mp[j]++;
        x /= j;
        // cout << x << " " << j << endl;
      }
    }
    if (x == 1)
      break;
  }
}

// 最大公約数
ll gcd(ll m, ll n) {
  if (n == 0)
    return m;
  return gcd(n, m % n);
} // gcd

// 最小公倍数
ll lcm(ll m, ll n) { return m / gcd(m, n) * n; }

// 繰り返し自乗法
ll pow2(ll x, ll n) { // x^n 計算量O(logn)
  ll ans = 1LL;
  while (n > 0) {
    if ((n & 1) == 1) {
      ans = ans * x % MOD;
    }
    x = x * x % MOD; // 一周する度にx, x^2, x^4, x^8となる
    n >>= 1;         // 桁をずらす n = n >> 1
  }
  return ans;
}

class MedSet {
public:
  multiset<ll> left, right;
  ll med; // 中央値または中央値の左側
  MedSet() {}
  MedSet(ll _med) {}
  void insert(ll a) {
    if (left.size() == 0) {
      med = a;
      left.insert(med);
    } else {
      if (a < med) {
        left.insert(a);
        if (left.size() > right.size() + 1) {
          // left->right
          right.insert(*(--left.end()));
          left.erase(--left.end());
        }
        med = *(--left.end());
      } else {
        right.insert(a);
        if (right.size() > left.size()) {
          // right->left
          left.insert(*(right.begin()));
          right.erase(right.begin());
        }
        med = *(--left.end());
      }
    }
  }
};

// memo
// output :	fixed  << setprecision(n) <<小数点以下n桁出力
//			setfill('0') << setw(12) <<num 0埋めで12文字出力
// func
// lower_bound(all(a),x):vector aでx以上の要素のイテレータを返す
// upper_bound(all(a,x)):vector aでxより大きい要素のイテレータを返す
//						setやmapの場合は専用関数あり

// input
ll N, M, L, K, A, B, C, D, Q, X;

ll mod_(ll x, ll mod) {
  if (x >= 0) {
    return x % mod;
  } else {
    return mod - abs(x) % mod;
  }
}

int main() {
  cin >> N;

  string s;

  ll sum = 0;
  ll x = 1;

  if (N % 2 == 0) {
    s = "0";
  } else {
    s = "1";
    sum += x;
  }
  x *= -2;

  ll y = 4;
  while (sum != N) {
    if (mod_(sum, y) == mod_(N, y)) {
      s += "0";
    } else {
      s += "1";
      sum += x;
    }
    x *= -2;
    y *= 2;
  }

  for (int i = s.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
    cout << s[i];
  }

  return 0;
}

Fixed submission:
#include <algorithm>
#include <cassert>
#include <climits>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstring>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <queue>
#include <set>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

#define MOD 1000000007
#define REP(i, n) for (ll(i) = 0; (i) < (n); (i)++)
#define FOR(i, c)                                                              \
  for (decltype((c).begin()) i = (c).begin(); i != (c).end(); ++i)
#define ll long long
#define ull unsigned long long
#define all(hoge) (hoge).begin(), (hoge).end()
typedef pair<ll, ll> P;
const long long INF = 1LL << 60;
typedef vector<ll> Array;
typedef vector<Array> Matrix;

template <class T> inline bool chmin(T &a, T b) {
  if (a > b) {
    a = b;
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}
template <class T> inline bool chmax(T &a, T b) {
  if (a < b) {
    a = b;
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}

// グラフ関連
struct Edge { // グラフ
  ll to, cap, rev;
  Edge(ll _to, ll _cap, ll _rev) {
    to = _to;
    cap = _cap;
    rev = _rev;
  }
};
typedef vector<Edge> Edges;
typedef vector<Edges> Graph;

void add_edge(Graph &G, ll from, ll to,
              ll cap) { // 最大フロー求める Ford-fulkerson
  G[from].push_back(Edge(to, cap, (ll)G[to].size()));
  G[to].push_back(
      Edge(from, cap, (ll)G[from].size() - 1)); // 最小カットの場合逆辺は0にする
}

// 有向グラフのエッジ
void add_edge_v(Graph &G, ll from, ll to, ll cap) {
  G[from].push_back(Edge(to, cap, (ll)G[to].size()));
}

ll max_flow_dfs(Graph &G, ll v, ll t, ll f, vector<bool> &used) {
  if (v == t)
    return f;
  used[v] = true;
  for (int i = 0; i < G[v].size(); ++i) {
    Edge &e = G[v][i];
    if (!used[e.to] && e.cap > 0) {
      ll d = max_flow_dfs(G, e.to, t, min(f, e.cap), used);
      if (d > 0) {
        e.cap -= d;
        G[e.to][e.rev].cap += d;
        return d;
      }
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

ll max_flow(Graph &G, ll s, ll t) {
  ll flow = 0;
  for (;;) {
    vector<bool> used(G.size());
    REP(i, used.size()) used[i] = false;
    ll f = max_flow_dfs(G, s, t, INF, used);
    if (f == 0) {
      return flow;
    }
    flow += f;
  }
}

// 最短経路(n>0だとだめ)
void Dijkstra(Graph &G, ll s, Array &d) { // O(|E|log|V|)
  d.resize(G.size());
  REP(i, d.size()) d[i] = INF;
  d[s] = 0;
  priority_queue<P, vector<P>, greater<P>> q;
  q.push(make_pair(0, s));
  while (!q.empty()) {
    P a = q.top();
    q.pop();
    if (d[a.second] < a.first)
      continue;
    REP(i, G[a.second].size()) {
      Edge e = G[a.second][i];
      if (d[e.to] > d[a.second] + e.cap) {
        d[e.to] = d[a.second] + e.cap;
        q.push(make_pair(d[e.to], e.to));
      }
    }
  }
}

// 最短経路(n<0でもok)
void WarshallFloyd(Graph &G, Matrix &d) { // O(V^3)
  d.resize(G.size());
  REP(i, d.size()) d[i].resize(G.size());
  REP(i, d.size()) {
    REP(j, d[i].size()) { d[i][j] = INF; }
  }
  REP(i, G.size()) {
    REP(j, G[i].size()) { d[i][G[i][j].to] = G[i][j].cap; }
  }
  REP(i, G.size()) {
    REP(j, G.size()) {
      REP(k, G.size()) { chmin(d[j][k], d[j][i] + d[i][k]); }
    }
  }
}

class UnionFind {
  vector<int> data;
  int num;

public:
  UnionFind(int size) : data(size, -1), num(size) {}
  bool unionSet(int x, int y) {
    x = root(x);
    y = root(y);
    if (x != y) {
      if (data[y] < data[x])
        swap(x, y);
      data[x] += data[y];
      data[y] = x;
      num--;
    }
    return x != y;
  }
  bool findSet(int x, int y) { return root(x) == root(y); }
  int root(int x) { return data[x] < 0 ? x : data[x] = root(data[x]); }
  int size(int x) { return -data[root(x)]; }
  int numSet() { return num; }
};

// nCr,nPr,modの逆元
class Combination {
public:
  Array fact; // n！
  Array inv;  // n!の逆元
  ll mod;

  // modの逆元
  ll mod_inv(ll x) {
    ll n = mod - 2;
    ll res = 1LL;
    while (n > 0) {
      if (n & 1)
        res = res * x % mod;
      x = x * x % mod;
      n >>= 1;
    }
    return res;
  }
  ll nCr(ll n, ll r) { return ((fact[n] * inv[r] % mod) * inv[n - r]) % mod; }
  ll nPr(ll n, ll r) { return (fact[n] * inv[n - r]) % mod; }
  Combination(ll n, ll _mod) {
    mod = _mod;
    fact.resize(n + 1);
    fact[0] = 1;
    REP(i, n) { fact[i + 1] = (fact[i] * (i + 1LL)) % mod; }
    inv.resize(n + 1);
    REP(i, n + 1) { inv[i] = mod_inv(fact[i]); }
  }
};

// 約数
void divisor(ll n, vector<ll> &ret) {
  for (ll i = 1; i * i <= n; i++) {
    if (n % i == 0) {
      ret.push_back(i);
      if (i * i != n)
        ret.push_back(n / i);
    }
  }
  sort(ret.begin(), ret.end());
}

// 素因数分解
void factoring(ll i, map<ll, ll> &mp) {
  ll x = i;
  // cout << x << endl;
  for (int j = 2; j <= i; j++) {
    if (x % j == 0) {

      if (mp.find(j) == mp.end()) {
        mp[j] = 0;
      }
      while (x % j == 0 && x > 1) {
        mp[j]++;
        x /= j;
        // cout << x << " " << j << endl;
      }
    }
    if (x == 1)
      break;
  }
}

// 最大公約数
ll gcd(ll m, ll n) {
  if (n == 0)
    return m;
  return gcd(n, m % n);
} // gcd

// 最小公倍数
ll lcm(ll m, ll n) { return m / gcd(m, n) * n; }

// 繰り返し自乗法
ll pow2(ll x, ll n) { // x^n 計算量O(logn)
  ll ans = 1LL;
  while (n > 0) {
    if ((n & 1) == 1) {
      ans = ans * x % MOD;
    }
    x = x * x % MOD; // 一周する度にx, x^2, x^4, x^8となる
    n >>= 1;         // 桁をずらす n = n >> 1
  }
  return ans;
}

class MedSet {
public:
  multiset<ll> left, right;
  ll med; // 中央値または中央値の左側
  MedSet() {}
  MedSet(ll _med) {}
  void insert(ll a) {
    if (left.size() == 0) {
      med = a;
      left.insert(med);
    } else {
      if (a < med) {
        left.insert(a);
        if (left.size() > right.size() + 1) {
          // left->right
          right.insert(*(--left.end()));
          left.erase(--left.end());
        }
        med = *(--left.end());
      } else {
        right.insert(a);
        if (right.size() > left.size()) {
          // right->left
          left.insert(*(right.begin()));
          right.erase(right.begin());
        }
        med = *(--left.end());
      }
    }
  }
};

// memo
// output :	fixed  << setprecision(n) <<小数点以下n桁出力
//			setfill('0') << setw(12) <<num 0埋めで12文字出力
// func
// lower_bound(all(a),x):vector aでx以上の要素のイテレータを返す
// upper_bound(all(a,x)):vector aでxより大きい要素のイテレータを返す
//						setやmapの場合は専用関数あり

// input
ll N, M, L, K, A, B, C, D, Q, X;

ll mod_(ll x, ll mod) {
  if (x >= 0) {
    return x % mod;
  } else {
    if (abs(x) % mod == 0) {
      return 0;
    } else {
      return mod - abs(x) % mod;
    }
  }
}

int main() {
  cin >> N;

  string s;

  ll sum = 0;
  ll x = 1;

  if (N % 2 == 0) {
    s = "0";
  } else {
    s = "1";
    sum += x;
  }
  x *= -2;

  ll y = 4;
  while (sum != N) {
    if (mod_(sum, y) == mod_(N, y)) {
      s += "0";
    } else {
      s += "1";
      sum += x;
    }
    x *= -2;
    y *= 2;
  }

  for (int i = s.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
    cout << s[i];
  }

  return 0;
}