1 * , J a n v a n E l s l a n d e . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. (which was not certified by peer review) preprint
The copyright holder for this this version posted November 12, 2020. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.09.20228221 doi: medRxiv preprint NOTE: This preprint reports new research that has not been certified by peer review and should not be used to guide clinical practice .   A  b  s  t  r  a  c  t   C  o  r  o  n  a  v  i  r  u  s  d  i  s  e  a  s  e  2  0  1  9  (  C  O  V  I  D  -1  9  )  h  a  s  b  e  e  n  a  s  s  o  c  i  a  t  e  d  w  i  t  h  a  w  i  d  e  r  a  n  g  e  o  f  d  i  v  e  r  g  e  n . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. (which was not certified by peer review) preprint
The copyright holder for this this version posted November 12, 2020. ; https://doi.org/10.1101 https://doi.org/10. /2020 I  n  t  r  o  d  u  c  t  i  o  n   S  e  v  e  r  e  c  o  r  o  n  a  v  i  r  u  s  d  i  s  e  a  s  e  2  0  1  9  (  C  O  V  I  D  -1  9  )  ,  t  h  e  d  i  s  e  a  s  e  c  a  u  s  e  d  b  y  s  e  v  e  r  e  a  c  u  t  e  r  e  s  p  i  r  a  t  o  r o  w  e  v  e  r  ,  t  r  a  d  i  t  i  o  n  a  l  H  D  L  ,   L  D  L  a  n  d  c  h  o  l  e  s  t  e  r  o  l  q  u  a  n  t  i  f  i  c  a  t  i  o  n  m  e  t  h  o  d  s  u  s  e  d  i  n  c  l  i  n  i  c  a  l  s  e  t  t  i  n  g  s  l  a  c  k  t  h  e  r  e  s  o  l  u  t  i  o  n  t  o . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. (which was not certified by peer review) preprint
The copyright holder for this this version posted November 12, 2020. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.09.20228221 doi: medRxiv preprint a n a  l  y  t  i  c  a  l  l  y  c  a  p  t  u  r  e  t  h  e  l  i  p  o  p  r  o  t  e  i  n  p  r  o  f  i  l  e   1  7   .  N  u  c  l  e  a  r  m  a  g  n  e  t  i  c  r  e  s  o  n  a  n  c  e  (  N  M  R  )   s  p  e  c  t  r  o  s  c  o  p  y  c  a  n  b  e  u  s  e  d  t  o  a  d  d  r  e  s  s  t  h  i  s  l  i  m  i  t  a  t  i  o  n   1  8   ,  a  n  d  e  n  a  b  l  e  s  a  m  o  r  e  s  y  s  t  e  m  i  c   i  n  v  e  s  t  i  g  a  t  i  o  n  b  y  s  i  m  u  l  t  a  n  e  o  u  s  l  y  q  u  a  n  t  i  f  y  i  n  g  a  l  a  r  g  e  n  u  m  b  e  r  o  f  m  e  t  r  i  c  s  r  e  l  e  v  a  n  t  t  o  t  h  e   C  O  V  I  D  -1  9  s  e  t  t  i  n  g  i  n  c  l  u  d  i  n  g  e  n  e  r  g  y  -r  e  l  a  t  e  d  m  e  t  a  b  o  l  i  t  e  s  ,  a  m  i  n  o  a  c  i  d  a  n  d  f  a  t  t  y  a  c  i  d   c  o  n  c  e  n  t  r  a  t  i  o  n  s  a  n  d  g  l  y  c  o  p  r  o  t  e  i  n  a  c  e  t  y  l  a  t  i  o  n  (  G  l  y  c  A  ) i  s  t  i  n  c  t  a  d  v  a  n  t  a  g  e  s  o  v  e  r  t  r  a  d  i  t  i  o  n  a  l   i  n  f  l  a  m  m  a  t  o  r  y  b  i  o  m  a  r  k  e  r  s  s  u  c  h  a  s  C  -r  e  a  c  t  i  v  e  p  r  o  t  e  i  n  (  C  R  P  )  i  n  i  t  s  a  s  s  o  c  i  a  t  i  o  n  t  o  i  n  f  l  a  m  m  a  t  o  r  y   c  o  n  d  i  t  i  o  n  s   1  8  ,  3  1  ,  3  2   .  D  u  e  t  o  i  t  s  m  o  r  e  p  e  r  s  i  s  t  e  n  t  a  n  d  c  o  m  p  o  s  i  t  e  n  a  t  u  r  e  ,  b  e  i  n  g  a  r  e  a  d  -o  u  t  f  o  r   m  a  n  y  d  i  f  f  e  r  e  n  t  i  n  f  l  a  m  m  a  t  o  r  y  p  r  o  c  e  s  s  e  s  ,  G  l  y  c  A  c  a  n  b  e  i  n  t  e  r  p  r  e  t  e  d  a  s  a  s  u  m  m  a  r  y  m  e  a  s  u  r  e  o  f   a  s  u  b  j  e  c  t  '  s  '  b  a  s  e  l  i  n  e  '  c  h  r  o  n  i  c  i  n  f  l  a  m  m  a  t  o  r  y  b  u  r  d  e  n   3  3   .  I  n  l  i  g  h  t  o  f  t  h  e  c  o  m  m  o  n  t  h  e  m  e  o  f   l  o  w  -g  r  a  d  e  i  n  f  l  a  m  m  a  t  i  o  n  i  n  p  o  p  u  l  a  t  i  o  n  s  w  i  t  h  h  i  g  h  e  r  r  i  s  k  f  o  r  s  e  v  e  r  e  C  O  V  I  D  -1  9 1 3 a n d r c  t  i  o  n  c  a  n  l  e  a  d  t  o  s  u  c  h  a  v  a  r  i  e  t  y  o  f  p  a  t  h  o  l  o  g  i  e  s  a  n  d  w  h  a  t   c  o  m  m  o  n  g  r  o  u  n  d  t  h  e  s  e  p  a  t  h  o  l  o  g  i  e  s  s  h  a  r  e  ,  w  e  u  s  e  d  N  M  R  e  x  p  e  r  i  m  e  n  t  s  t  o  q  u  a  n  t  i  f  y  c  h  r  o  n  i  c   i  n  f  l  a  m  m  a  t  o  r  y  b  u  r  d  e  n  ,  l  i  p  o  p  r  o  t  e  i  n  p  a  r  t  i  c  l  e  c  o  n  c  e  n  t  r  a  t  i  o  n  s  (  a  s  w  e  l  l  a  s  t  h  e  i  r  c  h  o  l  e  s  t  e  r o l a n d . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. (which was not certified by peer review) preprint
The copyright holder for this this version posted November 12, 2020. ; https://doi.org/10.1101 https://doi.org/10. /2020 t  r  i  g  l  y  c  e  r  i  d  e  c  o  n  t  e  n  t  )  ,  a  m  i  n  o  a  c  i  d  a  n  d  f  a  t  t  y  a  c  i  d  c  o  n  c  e  n  t  r  a  t  i  o  n  s  ,  a  n  d  e  n  e  r  g  y  r  e  l  a  t  e  d   m  e  t  a  b  o  l  i  t  e  s  i  n  t  h  r  e  e  s  a  m  p  l  e  s  e  t  s  f  r  o  m  c  o  n  f  i  r  m  e  d  S  A  R  S  -C  o  V  -2  i  n  f  e  c  t  e  d  p  a  t  i  e  n  t  s  i  n  t  w  o   B  e  l  g  i  a  n  h  o  s  p  i  t  a  l  s  ,  c  o  l  l  e  c  t  e  d  a  t  t  i  m  e  o  f  h  o  s  p  i  t  a  l  a  d  m  i  s  s  i  o  n  f  o  r  C  O  V  I  D  -1  9  .  W  e  i  d  e  n  t  i  f  i  e  d   b  i  o  m  a  r  k  e  r  s  a  s  s  o  c  i  a  t  e  d  w  i  t  h  C  O  V  I  D  -1  9  s  e  v  e  r  i  t  y  (  m  i  l T  A  G  I  O  U  S  c  o  h  o  r  t  s  t  u  d  y  i  s  a  p  r  o  s  p  e  c  t  i  v  e  o  b  s  e  r  v  a  t  i  o  n  a  l  t  r  i  a  l  f  o  r   w  h  i  c  h  i  n  f  o  r  m  e  d  c  o  n  s  e  n  t  w  a  s  o  b  t  a  i  n  e  d  f  o  r  a  l  l  p  a  r  t  i  c  i  p  a  n  t  s  (  c  l  i  n  i  c  a  l  t  r  i  a  l  s  .  g  o  v  i  d  e  n  t  i  f  i  e  r   N  C  T  0  4  3  2  7  5  7  0 ) . M  a  r  c  h  -J  u  n  e  2  0  2  0  )  f  o  r  w  h  o  m  a  l  e  f  t  -o  v  e  r  s  a  m  p  l  e  f  r  o  m  r  o  u  t  i  n  e  b  i  o  c  h  e  m  i  s  t  r  y  a  t  t  h  e   t  i  m  e  o  f  h  o  s  p  i  t  a  l  p  r  e  s  e  n  t  a  t  i  o  n  w  a  s  a  v  a  i  l  a  b  l  e  w  e  r  e  i  n  c  l  u  d  e  d  .  A  l  l  i  n  c  l  u  d  e  d  p  a  t  i  e  n  t  s  t  e  s  t  e  d . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. (which was not certified by peer review) preprint
The copyright holder for this this version posted November 12, 2020. ; https://doi.org/10.1101 https://doi.org/10. /2020 p  o  s  i  t  i  v  e  f  o  r  S  A  R  S  -C  o  V  -2  u  s  i  n  g  r  e  a  l  -t  i  m  e  p  o  l  y  m  e  r  a  s  e  c  h  a  i  n  r  e  a  c  t  i  o  n  ,  p  e  r  f  o  r  m  e  d  i  n  a  c  c  o  r  d  a  n  c  e   w  i  t  h  W  H  O  g  u  i  d  e  l  i  n  e  s   3  5   .  P  o  s  i  t  i  v  e  P  C  R  r  e  s  u  l  t  s  w  e  r  e  o  b  t  a  i  n  e  d  a  t  t  i  m  e  o  f  a  d  m  i  s  s  i  o  n  s  a  m  p  l  i  n  g   (  m  e  d  i  a  n  0  d  a  y  s  ,  r  a  n  g  e  -6  t  o  2  d  a  y  s  f  o  r  t  h  e  U  Z  L  c  o  h  o  r  t  ,  r  a  n  g  e  -8  t  o  0  d  a  y  s  f  o  r  t  h  e  J  E  S  S  A   c  o  h  o  r  t  ,  r  e  s  p  e  c  t  i  v  e  l  y  ) .
T . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. (which was not certified by peer review) preprint
The copyright holder for this this version posted November 12, 2020. . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. (which was not certified by peer review) preprint
The copyright holder for this this version posted November 12, 2020. ; a  d  m  i  s  s  i  o  n  w  e  r  e  a  l  s  o  d  i  f  f  e  r  e  n  t  b  e  t  w  e  e  n  t  h  e  t  w  o  c  o  h  o  r  t  s  :  a  v  e  r  a  g  e  w  h  i  t  e  b  l  o  o  d  c  e  l  l  c  o  u  n  t  ,   n  e  u  t  r  o  p  h  i  l  c  o  u  n  t  a  n  d  e  o  s  i  n  o  p  h  i  l  c  o  u  n  t  ,  a  s  w  e  l  l  a  s  C  R  P  l  e  v  e  l  s  ,  f  e  r  r  i  t  i  n  l  e  v  e  l  s  a  n  d  a  c  t  i  v  a  t  e  d   p  a  r  t  i  a  l  t  h  r  o  m  b  o  p  l  a  s  t  i  n  t  i  m  e  w  e  r  e  s  i  g  n  i  f  i  c  a  n  t  l  y  h  i  g  h  e  r  i  n  t  h  e  J  e  s  s  a  c  o  h  o  r  t  ,  w  h  e  r  e  a  s  s  l 
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T h e s e m e t r i c s a r e i m p o r t a n t . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. (which was not certified by peer review) preprint
The copyright holder for this this version posted November 12, 2020. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.09.20228221 doi: medRxiv preprint   c  o  m  p  o  n  e  n  t  s  o  f  J  u  l  k  u  n  e  n  e  t  a  l  '  s  '  I  n  f  e  c  t  i  o  u  s  D  i  s  e  a  s  e  S  c  o  r  e  '  (  I  D  S  )  ,  w  h  i  c  h  c  a  n  p  a  r  t  l  y  e  x  p  l  a  i  n  t  h  e   I  D  S  '  s  s  t  r  o  n  g  a  s  s  o  c  i  a  t  i  o  n  t  o  C  O  V  I  D  -1  9  s  e  v  e  r  i  t  y  (  o  d  d  s  r  a  t  i  o  s  o  f  4  a  n  d  4  .  5  f  o  r  t  h  e  U  Z  L  a  n  d  J  e  s  s  a   c  o  h  o  r  t  ,  r  e  s  p  e  c  t  i  v  e  l  y  ) . . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. (which was not certified by peer review) preprint
The copyright holder for this this version posted November 12, 2020. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.09.20228221 doi: medRxiv preprint .
. CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. (which was not certified by peer review) preprint
The copyright holder for this this version posted November 12, 2020. s  e  v  e  r  i  t  y  i  s  i  n  l  i  n  e  w  i  t  h  r  e  p  o  r  t  s  o  f  l  o  w  o  c  c  u  r  r  e  n  c  e  o  f  s  e  v  e  r  e  C  O  V  I  D  -1  9  o  u  t  c  o  m  e  s  a  m  o  n  g   p  h  e  n  y  l  k  e  t  o  n  u  r  i  a  p  a  t  i  e  n  t  s  ,  w  h  i  c  h  w  a  s  p  r  e  v  i  o  u  s  l  y  a  s  c  r  i  b  e  d  t  o  t  h  i  s  p  o  p  u  l  a  t  i  o  n  '  s  l  o  w  e  r  r  a  t  e  s  o  f   v  i  t  a  m  i  n  D  d  e  f  i  c  i  e  n  c  y  a  s  a  r  e  s  u  l  t  o  f  t  h  e  p  r  o  t  e  i  n  s  u  b  s  t  i  t  u  t  e  s  i  n  t  h  e  i  r  d  i  e . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.
The copyright holder for this this version posted November 12, 2020. . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.
The copyright holder for this this version posted November 12, 2020. . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.
The copyright holder for this this version posted November 12, 2020. . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.
The copyright holder for this this version posted November 12, 2020. ; https://doi.org/10.1101 https://doi.org/10. /2020 . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. (which was not certified by peer review) preprint
The copyright holder for this this version posted November 12, 2020. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.09.20228221 doi: medRxiv preprint   3  7  .  V  a  n  E  l  s  l  a  n  d  e  ,  J  .  e  t  a  l  .  A  n  t  i  b  o  d  y  r  e  s  p  o  n  s  e  a  g  a  i  n  s  t  S  A  R  S  -C  o  V  -2  s  p  i  k  e  p  r  o  t  e  i  n  a  n  d   n  u  c  l  e  o  p  r  o  t  e  i  n  e  v  a  l  u  a  t  e  d  b  y  f  o  u  r  a  u  t  o  m  a  t  e  d  i  m  m  u  n  o  a  s  s  a  y  s  a  n  d  t  h  r  e  e  E  L  I  S  A . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. (which was not certified by peer review) preprint
The copyright holder for this this version posted November 12, 2020. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.09.20228221 doi: medRxiv preprint   4  7  .  C  o  n  n  e  l  l  y  ,  M  .  A  .  e  t  a  l  .  G  l  y  c  A  ,  a  m  a  r  k  e  r  o  f  a  c  u  t  e  p  h  a  s  e  g  l  y  c  o  p  r  o  t  e  i  n  s  ,  a  n  d  t  h  e  r  i  s  k  o  f   i  n  c  i  d  e  n  t  t  y  p  e  2  d  i  a  b  e  t  e  s  m  e  l  l  i  t  u  s : I  m  m  u  n  e  ,  H  a  e  m  a  t  o  l  o  g  i  c  a l , a n d . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. (which was not certified by peer review) preprint
The copyright holder for this this version posted November 12, 2020. D  i  e  t  a  r  y  o  m  e  g  a  -6  ,  b  u  t  n  o  t  o  m  e  g  a  -3  ,  p  o  l  y  u  n  s  a  t  u  r  a  t  e  d  o  r  s  a  t  u  r  a  t  e . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. (which was not certified by peer review) preprint
The copyright holder for this this version posted November 12, 2020. . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. (which was not certified by peer review) preprint
The copyright holder for this this version posted November 12, 2020. ; https://doi.org/10.1101 https://doi.org/10. /2020 a  m  i  n  o  t  r  a  n  s  f  e  r  a  s  e  ,  A  P  T  T  :  a  c  t  i  v  a  t  e  d  p  a  r  t  i  a  l  t  h  r  o  m  b  o  p  l  a  s  t  i  n  t  i  m  e  ,  A  S  T  :  a  s  p  a  r  t  a  t  e  t  r  a  n  s  a  m  i  n  a  s  e  ,  B  M  I  :   b  o  d  y  m  a  s  s  i  n  d  e  x  ,  C  R  P  :  c  -r  e  a  c  t  i  v  e  p  r  o  t  e  i  n  ,  C  V  D  :  c  a  r  d  i  o  v  a  s  c  u  l  a  r  d  i  s  e  a  s  e  ,  e  G  F  R  :  e  s  t  i  m  a  t  e  d  g  l  o  m  e  r  u  l  a  r   f  i  l  t  r  a  t  i  o  n  r  a . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. (which was not certified by peer review) preprint
The copyright holder for this this version posted November 12, 2020. ; https://doi.org/10.1101 https://doi.org/10. /2020 . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. (which was not certified by peer review) preprint
The copyright holder for this this version posted November 12, 2020. ; https://doi.org/10.1101 https://doi.org/10. /2020 . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. (which was not certified by peer review) preprint
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The copyright holder for this this version posted November 12, 2020. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.09.20228221 doi: medRxiv preprint   F  i  g  u  r  e  7  :  S  e  l  e  c  t  e  d  b  i  o  m  a  r  k  e  r  s  i  n  s  e  v  e  r  e  a  n  d  c  r  i  t  i  c  a  l  c  a  s  e  s  o  f  t  h  e  C  O  N  T  A  G  I  O  U  S  c  o  h  o  r  t  .   S  e  v  e  r  i  t  y  3   a  n  d  4  ,  s  e  v  e  r  e  a  n  d  c  r  i  t  i  c  a  l  ,  r  e  s  p  e  c  t  i  v  e  l  y  .  W  h  e  r  e  d  e  p  i  c  t  e  d  ,  t  h  e  y  -a  x  i  s  o  n  t  h  e  r  i  g  h  t  s  i  d  e  o  f  t  h  e  g  r  a  p  h   n  o  r  m  a  l  i  z  e  s  t  h  e  d  a  t  a  u  s  i  n  g  t  h  e  m  e  a  n  a  n  d  s  t  a  n  d  a  r  d  d  e  v  i  a  t  i  o  n  s  o  b  s  e  r  v  e  d  i  n  F  i  n  n  i  s  h  d  e  m  o  g  r  a  p  h  i . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. (which was not certified by peer review) preprint
The copyright holder for this this version posted November 12, 2020. . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. (which was not certified by peer review) preprint
The copyright holder for this this version posted November 12, 2020. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.09.20228221 doi: medRxiv preprint (  D  i  s  +  3  0  ,  p  u  r  p  l  e  )   .   I  n  d  i  c  a  t  e  d  a  r  e  p  -v  a  l  u  e  s  o  f  M  a  n  n  -W  h  i  t  n  e  y  U  t  e  s  t  s  c  o  m  p  a  r  i  n  g  t  h  e  i  n  d  i  c  a  t  e  d   t  i  m  e  p  o  i  n  t  s  .  W  h  e  r  e  d  e  p  i  c  t  e  d  ,  t  h  e  y  -a  x  i  s  o  n  t  h  e  r  i  g  h  t  s  i  d  e  o  f  t  h  e  g  r  a  p  h  n  o  r  m  a  l  i  z  e  s  t  h  e  d  a  t  a  u  s  i  n  g  t  h  e   m  e  a  n  a  n  d  s  t  a  n  d  a  r  d  d  e  v  i  a  t  i  o  n  s  o  b  s  e  r  v  e  d  i  n  F  i  n  n  i  s  h  d  e  m  o  g  r  a  p  h  i  c  c  o  h  o  r  t . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. (which was not certified by peer review) preprint
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Total cholesterol in lipoprotein particles 0.1 0.2 0.5 1.0 2.0 5.0 10.0 . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.
The copyright holder for this this version posted November 12, 2020. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.09.20228221 doi: medRxiv preprint