The exponential growth of CoVID-19 with limited medical respite has uncovered underpinnings for several facets of the societal structure and functioning which calls for ample patient rethinking and proactive response to fight with such adversities. The response to such pandemic scenarios maybe be categorised into Confrontative and Tactical measures. Confontative measures comprise of medical treatment, provisioning of medico-logistics for maintenance and efforts for curable drugs and vaccines. Surely these measures have to be expedited but it has its own limitations in terms of established healthcare infrastructure to population ratio, access and distribution of such immobile facilities and minimum timespan required for the related treatment or development of vaccines. Tactical measures become the key in such scenarios. These measures can be perceived in terms of Downstream and Upstream measures 1 .
In the works by Australian National University 2 , they modelled to predict the mortality and macroeconomic effects of this pandemic whereas it has been aptly highlighted 3 that such predictions, 2 in several related model works, are highly susceptible to severe variations as much is dependent on the pandemic management policies that are implemented and the societal behavioural patterns deciding to what extent they are followed. In context of CoVID-19 the observations that we have penetrated deeper into ecozones we've not occupied before are perhaps true since long which may have been realized lately 4, 5 which also points that future such outbreaks seem more likely 6 if requisite societal behavioural changes don't take place in time. There is a two pronged need i) to analyse the root underpinnings of why the sufferings in such pandemics get aggravated so fast and implement judicious downstream measures which can rapidly mitigate the crisis scenario and ii) what downstream measures, capable of changing population behaviours and addressing complex social problems 7 , can free us from any pandemic be it of contagious CoVID-19, hunger or scarcity of water.
Exhaustive human actions unleash natural calamities unevenly distributed all across the globe by dint of the simple fact that we all share the same five spheres of the tightly coupled Planet Earth System. The following self-explanatory ironies shall help in focussing the intent for effective upstream measure designs. Presently one out of every three persons worldwide doesn't have access to drinking water 8 while on the other hand the whole world is advocating for stricter hygiene, sanitisation and washing practices. Studies 9-11 have linked higher Covid-19 morbidity and mortality to air pollution in the affected regions. Interestingly even a short-haul flight produces carbon emission content more than that of a person from developing nations does in a whole year 12 . Respite from pollution with usage of electric vehicles also seems to be a paradoxical hope apart from its viability and battery waste management concerns, as it can be severely more carbon emission con-3 tributor and hazardous to the environment compared to fossil fuels due to several critical issues being yet unanswered 13 . The enthusiasts, may argue that a new technology would evolve that may not require such fuels for travel and other industry purposes or produce only one thousands of the present polluting levels, but the prime question is to think feasibly that would we reach that state ever given the continuous overexploitation of mother nature. Policymakers also cannot afford to label local temperature "hot-spots" as normal for developing countries hoping that it would naturally subside since even the damages inflicted by disruptions in rainfall patterns are globally precarious [14] [15] [16] . The adverse economic impacts of natural calamities are also loud and clear [17] [18] [19] . The present agricultural yield, responsible for 70% of the freshwater usage 20 , is much more than sufficient for the calorie intake of the existing human population if cultivated only for human intake 21 . Further studies show that not only calorie requirements but also protein and micronutrient requirements can be easily achieved 22, 23 if conscious incentivised efforts towards change in cultivation patterns and food habits are made. Essentially no argument 24, 25 justifies not bringing such changes in such paradoxical crises amidst real abundance of food barring that of mere convenience and a failure of the distribution system. A serious concerning question arises that why then there is the need for expanding farmlands, manmade forest-fires and deforestations.
While on the brighter contemplating side with just reduced human activity mother nature had been recuperating 26 within one-month inasmuch as the pollution levels have gone down to that of much desired few decades back levels with sea and river waters getting radically clean rejuvenating wildlife giving much food for thought. We need to analyse these to realise that infinite development cannot be done on fixed resources as every unit rise in GDP accounts for increas-4 ing exhaustion of a substantial share of limited non-renewable natural resources which in turn also makes such zoonotic pandemics more likely making policies for "planetary health" of utmost importance now for human sustenance and egalitarian sustainability. Clearly there is gross misbalance of production of goods/services, its needs and its distribution systems resulting in wastage of precious resources. A societal network model framework that would be able to stabilize and optimize the flow of resources ascertaining the downstream interventions and tune them along with effectively formulating customised upstream measures with help of integration of region-specific socio-economic activity and disease/health indicators input data, can not only become a potent pandemic fighting tool but also let achieve the desired UN Sustainable goals for LMICs.
An approach to design the adaptive measures in line with the ten central capabilities towards human development 27 Estimating Upstream interventions for requisite societal behavioural changes -A super-network can then be created interlinking the several small-region specific networks generated in the previous step wherein central level annual data for inter-region socio-economic parameters from migration to agricultural/industrial developments, population concentrations, water availability, amount of forestlands, wetlands, variations of supply/demand of basic need commodities, pollution levels would be integrated. The same evaluating policy would continue, estimating a societally detrimental behaviour link attribute value to be negative and that of a sustainably constructive attribute link to be positive. An activity/behaviour may get marked positive from negative and vice versa for example, industrial development would account for negative as soon as pollution levels, population concentrations increase above the set feasible mark or farming would account for negative attribute as soon as more than the maximum desirable surplus yield is produced and water levels start getting stressed or transport systems (personal and public) becomes negative when it results in carbon emissions and traffic congestions rise above tolerable marks. The simulation of the artificial society framework in such setting would then facilitate design upstream interventions of deterrents/incentivisations depending upon each scenario, after generous observation time intervals, so that the flows between the edges of the connected small-region specific networks get balanced such that no individual small-network and the super-network as a whole would bear a nett negative attribute value with the aim to achieve the tightly-coupled UN Sustainable goals (2, 3, 6, 12 and 13) having goal-3 in focus. PM2. 5, A national study on long-term exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 mortality in the United-States." (2020).