praj-17/QA-MCQ-Open-ended huggingface dataset:
Title: Hanover
Context: In September 1941, through the "Action Lauterbacher" plan, a ghettoisation of the remaining Hanoverian Jewish families began. Even before the Wannsee Conference, on 15 December 1941, the first Jews from Hanover were deported to Riga. A total of 2,400 people were deported, and very few survived. During the war seven concentration camps were constructed in Hanover, in which many Jews were confined. Of the approximately 4,800 Jews who had lived in Hannover in 1938, fewer than 100 were still in the city when troops of the United States Army arrived on 10 April 1945 to occupy Hanover at the end of the war.[citation needed] Today, a memorial at the Opera Square is a reminder of the persecution of the Jews in Hanover. After the war a large group of Orthodox Jewish survivors of the nearby Bergen-Belsen concentration camp settled in Hanover.

question: What plan was implemented in September 1941? 

answer: Action Lauterbacher

question: Which portion of the population underwent ghettoisation? 

answer: Hanoverian Jewish families

question: What occured on the 15th of December 1941? 

answer: Wannsee Conference

question: How many Jews approximately lived in Hanover in 1938? 

answer: 4,800

question: How many concentration camps were constructed in Hanover? 

answer: seven
Title: Hanover
Context: Hanover was founded in medieval times on the east bank of the River Leine. Its original name Honovere may mean "high (river)bank", though this is debated (cf. das Hohe Ufer). Hanover was a small village of ferrymen and fishermen that became a comparatively large town in the 13th century due to its position at a natural crossroads. As overland travel was relatively difficult, its position on the upper navigable reaches of the river helped it to grow by increasing trade. It was connected to the Hanseatic League city of Bremen by the Leine, and was situated near the southern edge of the wide North German Plain and north-west of the Harz mountains, so that east-west traffic such as mule trains passed through it. Hanover was thus a gateway to the Rhine, Ruhr and Saar river valleys, their industrial areas which grew up to the southwest and the plains regions to the east and north, for overland traffic skirting the Harz between the Low Countries and Saxony or Thuringia.

question: Where was Hanover originally founded? 

answer: east bank of the River Leine

question: What did Hanover possibly originally mean? 

answer: "high (river)bank"

question: When did Hanover become a comparitvely large town? 

answer: 13th century

question: Which city was Hanover connected to by the Leine? 

answer: Hanseatic League city of Bremen

question: What is one example of traffic that passed through Hanover? 

answer: mule trains
Title: Hanover
Context: After Napoleon imposed the Convention of Artlenburg (Convention of the Elbe) on July 5, 1803, about 30,000 French soldiers occupied Hanover. The Convention also required disbanding the army of Hanover. However, George III did not recognize the Convention of the Elbe. This resulted in a great number of soldiers from Hanover eventually emigrating to Great Britain, where the King's German Legion was formed. It was the only German army to fight against France throughout the entire Napoleonic wars. The Legion later played an important role in the Battle of Waterloo in 1815. The Congress of Vienna in 1815 elevated the electorate to the Kingdom of Hanover. The capital town Hanover expanded to the western bank of the Leine and since then has grown considerably.

question: Who imposed the Convention of Artlenburg? 

answer: Napoleon

question: How many French soldiers occupied Hanover? 

answer: 30,000

question: Where did many soldiers from Hanover emigrate to? 

answer: Great Britain

question: What did the soldiers who emigrated form? 

answer: King's German Legion

question: Who elevated Hanover to the Kingdom of Hanover in 1815? 

answer: The Congress of Vienna
Title: Hanover
Context: The Berggarten is an important European botanical garden.[citation needed] Some points of interest are the Tropical House, the Cactus House, the Canary House and the Orchid House, which hosts one of the world's biggest collection of orchids, and free-flying birds and butterflies. Near the entrance to the Berggarten is the historic Library Pavillon. The Mausoleum of the Guelphs is also located in the Berggarten. Like the Great Garden, the Berggarten also consists of several parts, for example the Paradies and the Prairie Garden. There is also the Sea Life Centre Hanover, which is the first tropical aquarium in Germany.[citation needed]

question: What is the Berggarten? 

answer: European botanical garden

question: What is the name of the area inside the Berggarten that hosts one of the world's biggest collection of orchids? 

answer: Orchid House

question: What historic landmark is near the entrance to the Berggarten? 

answer: Library Pavillon

question: What is the name of the first tropical aquarium in Germany? 

answer: Sea Life Centre Hanover

question: Other than orchids and birds, what else is housed in the Orchid House? 

answer: butterflies
Title: Hanover
Context: Various industrial businesses are located in Hannover. The Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles Transporter (VWN) factory at Hannover-Stöcken is the biggest employer in the region and operates a huge plant at the northern edge of town adjoining the Mittellandkanal and Motorway A2. Jointly with a factory of German tire and automobile parts manufacturer Continental AG, they have a coal-burning power plant. Continental AG, founded in Hanover in 1871, is one of the city's major companies, as is Sennheiser. Since 2008 a take-over is in progress: the Schaeffler Group from Herzogenaurach (Bavaria) holds the majority of the stock but were required due to the financial crisis to deposit the options as securities at banks. TUI AG has its HQ in Hanover. Hanover is home to many insurance companies, many of which operate only in Germany. One major global reinsurance company is Hannover Re, whose headquarters are east of the city centre.

question: What does VWN stand for? 

answer: Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles Transporter

question: What part of town is the plant owned by VWN located in? 

answer: northern edge of town

question: Which company was founded in Hanover in 1871? 

answer: Continental AG

question: Where does TUI AG host their headquarters? 

answer: Hanover

question: Which major global reinsurance company has their headquarters east of the city center? 

answer: Hannover Re
Title: Hanover
Context: Around 40 theatres are located in Hanover. The Opera House, the Schauspielhaus (Play House), the Ballhofeins, the Ballhofzwei and the Cumberlandsche Galerie belong to the Lower Saxony State Theatre. The Theater am Aegi is Hanover's big theatre for musicals, shows and guest performances. The Neues Theater (New Theatre) is the Boulevard Theatre of Hanover. The Theater für Niedersachsen is another big theatre in Hanover, which also has an own Musical-Company. Some of the most important Musical-Productions are the rock musicals of the German rock musician Heinz Rudolph Kunze, which take place at the Garden-Theatre in the Great Garden.

question: How many theaters approximately are located in Hanover? 

answer: 40

question: What is the Schauspielhaus in English? 

answer: Play House

question: Who does the Cumberlandsche Galerie belong to? 

answer: Lower Saxony State Theatre

question: Which theatre is Hanover's big theatre for musicals, shows and guest performances? 

answer: Theater am Aegi

question: Which theater has it's own musical company? 

answer: Theater für Niedersachsen
Title: Hanover
Context: Hannover 96 (nickname Die Roten or 'The Reds') is the top local football team that plays in the Bundesliga top division. Home games are played at the HDI-Arena, which hosted matches in the 1974 and 2006 World Cups and the Euro 1988. Their reserve team Hannover 96 II plays in the fourth league. Their home games were played in the traditional Eilenriedestadium till they moved to the HDI Arena due to DFL directives. Arminia Hannover is another very traditional soccer team in Hanover that has played in the first league for years and plays now in the Niedersachsen-West Liga (Lower Saxony League West). Home matches are played in the Rudolf-Kalweit-Stadium.

question: Who does the nicname "Die Roten" belong to? 

answer: Hannover 96

question: What is another name for the top football division? 

answer: Bundesliga

question: What is the name of the stadium that the Hanover football team plays in? 

answer: HDI-Arena

question: Where did the reserve team for the main Hanover team used to play? 

answer: Eilenriedestadium

question: Which league does the reserve team Hanover 96 II play in? 

answer: fourth league
Title: Hanover
Context: With a population of 518,000, Hanover is a major centre of Northern Germany and the country's thirteenth largest city. Hanover also hosts annual commercial trade fairs such as the Hanover Fair and the CeBIT. Every year Hanover hosts the Schützenfest Hannover, the world's largest marksmen's festival, and the Oktoberfest Hannover, the second largest Oktoberfest in the world (beside Oktoberfest of Blumenau). In 2000, Hanover hosted the world fair Expo 2000. The Hanover fairground, due to numerous extensions, especially for the Expo 2000, is the largest in the world. Hanover is of national importance because of its universities and medical school, its international airport and its large zoo. The city is also a major crossing point of railway lines and highways (Autobahnen), connecting European main lines in both the east-west (Berlin–Ruhr area) and north-south (Hamburg–Munich, etc.) directions.

question: What is Hanover's population? 

answer: 518,000

question: What is Hanover's ranking in terms of size in Germany? 

answer: thirteenth largest

question: What is the largest Oktoberfest in the world? 

answer: Oktoberfest of Blumenau

question: In which year did Hanover host the Expo? 

answer: 2000

question: What is "highways" in German? 

answer: Autobahnen
Title: Hanover
Context: Another point of interest is the Old Town. In the centre are the large Marktkirche (Church St. Georgii et Jacobi, preaching venue of the bishop of the Lutheran Landeskirche Hannovers) and the Old Town Hall. Nearby are the Leibniz House, the Nolte House, and the Beguine Tower. A very nice quarter of the Old Town is the Kreuz-Church-Quarter around the Kreuz Church with many nice little lanes. Nearby is the old royal sports hall, now called the Ballhof theatre. On the edge of the Old Town are the Market Hall, the Leine Palace, and the ruin of the Aegidien Church which is now a monument to the victims of war and violence. Through the Marstall Gate you arrive at the bank of the river Leine, where the world-famous Nanas of Niki de Saint-Phalle are located. They are part of the Mile of Sculptures, which starts from Trammplatz, leads along the river bank, crosses Königsworther Square, and ends at the entrance of the Georgengarten. Near the Old Town is the district of Calenberger Neustadt where the Catholic Basilica Minor of St. Clemens, the Reformed Church and the Lutheran Neustädter Hof- und Stadtkirche St. Johannis are located.

question: Where are the large Martkirche located? 

answer: Old Town

question: What is the old royal sports hall now called? 

answer: Ballhof theatre

question: What is the name of the momument to the victims of war and violence? 

answer: Aegidien Church

question: What world famous landmark is located on the bank of the Leine? 

answer: Nanas of Niki de Saint-Phalle

question: Where does the Mile of Sculptures start? 

answer: Trammplatz
Title: Hanover
Context: A cabinet of coins is the Münzkabinett der TUI-AG. The Polizeigeschichtliche Sammlung Niedersachsen is the largest police museum in Germany. Textiles from all over the world can be visited in the Museum for textile art. The EXPOseeum is the museum of the world-exhibition "EXPO 2000 Hannover". Carpets and objects from the orient can be visited in the Oriental Carpet Museum. The Blind Man Museum is a rarity in Germany, another one is only in Berlin. The Museum of veterinary medicine is unique in Germany. The Museum for Energy History describes the 150 years old history of the application of energy. The Home Museum Ahlem shows the history of the district of Ahlem. The Mahn- und Gedenkstätte Ahlem describes the history of the Jewish people in Hanover and the Stiftung Ahlers Pro Arte / Kestner Pro Arte shows modern art. Modern art is also the main topic of the Kunsthalle Faust, the Nord/LB Art Gellery and of the Foro Artistico / Eisfabrik.

question: What is the Münzkabinett der TUI-AG? 

answer: A cabinet of coins

question: What is the name of the largest police museum in Germany? 

answer: Polizeigeschichtliche Sammlung Niedersachsen

question: Where can you find carpets and objects from the orient? 

answer: Oriental Carpet Museum

question: Other than in Hanover, where else can you find a Blind Man Museum? 

answer: Berlin

question: What is the main topic of the Kunsthalle Faust? 

answer: Modern art
Title: Emotion
Context: Emotions are complex. According to some theories, they are a state of feeling that results in physical and psychological changes that influence our behavior. The physiology of emotion is closely linked to arousal of the nervous system with various states and strengths of arousal relating, apparently, to particular emotions. Emotion is also linked to behavioral tendency. Extroverted people are more likely to be social and express their emotions, while introverted people are more likely to be more socially withdrawn and conceal their emotions. Emotion is often the driving force behind motivation, positive or negative. Definition has been described as is a "positive or negative experience that is associated with a particular pattern of physiological activity." According to other theories, emotions are not causal forces but simply syndromes of components, which might include motivation, feeling, behavior, and physiological changes, but no one of these components is the emotion. Nor is the emotion an entity that causes these components

question: What system of the body is related to emotion's physiology? 

answer: nervous

question: What sorts of people are more likely to be emotionally expressive? 

answer: Extroverted

question: What type of people hide their emotions? 

answer: introverted

question: What is emotion frequently responsible for driving? 

answer: motivation

question: Along with physical changes, what sort of changes do emotions sometimes cause? 

answer: psychological
Title: Emotion
Context: Robert Plutchik agreed with Ekman's biologically driven perspective but developed the "wheel of emotions", suggesting eight primary emotions grouped on a positive or negative basis: joy versus sadness; anger versus fear; trust versus disgust; and surprise versus anticipation. Some basic emotions can be modified to form complex emotions. The complex emotions could arise from cultural conditioning or association combined with the basic emotions. Alternatively, similar to the way primary colors combine, primary emotions could blend to form the full spectrum of human emotional experience. For example, interpersonal anger and disgust could blend to form contempt. Relationships exist between basic emotions, resulting in positive or negative influences.

question: What is the name of the theory Plutchik created? 

answer: wheel of emotions

question: How many main emotions exist in Plutchik's theory? 

answer: eight

question: In Plutchik's theory, what emotion is the opposite of anticipation? 

answer: surprise

question: What emotion can be perceived as a combination of disgust and anger? 

answer: contempt

question: What does Plutchik see as the positive equivalent of disgust? 

answer: trust
Title: Emotion
Context: Perspectives on emotions from evolutionary theory were initiated in the late 19th century with Charles Darwin's book The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. Darwin argued that emotions actually served a purpose for humans, in communication and also in aiding their survival. Darwin, therefore, argued that emotions evolved via natural selection and therefore have universal cross-cultural counterparts. Darwin also detailed the virtues of experiencing emotions and the parallel experiences that occur in animals. This led the way for animal research on emotions and the eventual determination of the neural underpinnings of emotion.

question: What was the name of the book that Darwin wrote on emotions? 

answer: The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals

question: Along with survival, what did Darwin see as the role of emotions in humans? 

answer: communication

question: Through what process did Darwin believe emotions developed? 

answer: natural selection

question: In what century did Darwin write? 

answer: 19th
Title: Emotion
Context: An example of this theory in action would be as follows: An emotion-evoking stimulus (snake) triggers a pattern of physiological response (increased heart rate, faster breathing, etc.), which is interpreted as a particular emotion (fear). This theory is supported by experiments in which by manipulating the bodily state induces a desired emotional state. Some people may believe that emotions give rise to emotion-specific actions: e.g. "I'm crying because I'm sad," or "I ran away because I was scared." The issue with the James–Lange theory is that of causation (bodily states causing emotions and being a priori), not that of the bodily influences on emotional experience (which can be argued and is still quite prevalent today in biofeedback studies and embodiment theory).

question: In this theory, what action evokes an emotion? 

answer: stimulus

question: What sort of response does the stimulus cause? 

answer: physiological

question: How is the stimulus interpreted by the mind? 

answer: as a particular emotion

question: In the James-Lange theory, what causes emotions? 

answer: bodily states
Title: Emotion
Context: With the two-factor theory now incorporating cognition, several theories began to argue that cognitive activity in the form of judgments, evaluations, or thoughts were entirely necessary for an emotion to occur. One of the main proponents of this view was Richard Lazarus who argued that emotions must have some cognitive intentionality. The cognitive activity involved in the interpretation of an emotional context may be conscious or unconscious and may or may not take the form of conceptual processing.

question: Who argued that emotions arise from cognitive intentionality? 

answer: Richard Lazarus

question: Along with evaluations and thoughts, what cognitive activity did theorists believe to be required for emotion? 

answer: judgments

question: In Lazarus' view, what could the cognitive activity be if it was not conscious? 

answer: unconscious
Title: Emotion
Context: Theories dealing with perception either use one or multiples perceptions in order to find an emotion (Goldie, 2007).A recent hybrid of the somatic and cognitive theories of emotion is the perceptual theory. This theory is neo-Jamesian in arguing that bodily responses are central to emotions, yet it emphasizes the meaningfulness of emotions or the idea that emotions are about something, as is recognized by cognitive theories. The novel claim of this theory is that conceptually-based cognition is unnecessary for such meaning. Rather the bodily changes themselves perceive the meaningful content of the emotion because of being causally triggered by certain situations. In this respect, emotions are held to be analogous to faculties such as vision or touch, which provide information about the relation between the subject and the world in various ways. A sophisticated defense of this view is found in philosopher Jesse Prinz's book Gut Reactions, and psychologist James Laird's book Feelings.

question: What book by Prinz defended the perceptual theory? 

answer: Gut Reactions

question: What book on the perceptual theory was written by James Laird? 

answer: Feelings

question: What is Laird's job title? 

answer: psychologist

question: What is Jesse Prinz's profession? 

answer: philosopher

question: What theory argues that conceptual cognition is not required for emotional meaning? 

answer: the perceptual theory
Title: Emotion
Context: Social sciences often examine emotion for the role that it plays in human culture and social interactions. In sociology, emotions are examined for the role they play in human society, social patterns and interactions, and culture. In anthropology, the study of humanity, scholars use ethnography to undertake contextual analyses and cross-cultural comparisons of a range of human activities. Some anthropology studies examine the role of emotions in human activities. In the field of communication sciences, critical organizational scholars have examined the role of emotions in organizations, from the perspectives of managers, employees, and even customers. A focus on emotions in organizations can be credited to Arlie Russell Hochschild's concept of emotional labor. The University of Queensland hosts EmoNet, an e-mail distribution list representing a network of academics that facilitates scholarly discussion of all matters relating to the study of emotion in organizational settings. The list was established in January 1997 and has over 700 members from across the globe.

question: What discipline examines the role emotions play in culture? 

answer: sociology

question: What discipline makes use of ethnography? 

answer: anthropology

question: What field of study studies the organizational role of emotions? 

answer: communication sciences

question: Who developed the concept of emotional labor? 

answer: Arlie Russell Hochschild

question: Roughly how many people are part of EmoNet? 

answer: 700