praj-17/QA-MCQ-Open-ended huggingface dataset:
Title: Dell
Context: In addition, the company provides protection services, advisory services, multivendor hardware support, "how-to" support for software applications, collaborative support with many third-party vendors, and online parts and labor dispatching for customers who diagnose and troubleshoot their hardware. Dell also provides Dell ProSupport customers access to a crisis-center to handle major outages, or problems caused by natural disasters. Dell also provide on-line support by using the computer's service-tag that provides full list of the hardware elements installed originally, purchase date and provides the latest upgrades for the original hardware drivers.

question: What kind of hardware support does Dell provide? 

answer: multivendor

question: What kind of customers does Dell provide support to for major outages? 

answer: ProSupport

question: What kind of support does Dell provide using a computer's service-tag? 

answer: on-line support
Title: Dell
Context: Dell service and support brands include the Dell Solution Station (extended domestic support services, previously "Dell on Call"), Dell Support Center (extended support services abroad), Dell Business Support (a commercial service-contract that provides an industry-certified technician with a lower call-volume than in normal queues), Dell Everdream Desktop Management ("Software as a Service" remote-desktop management, originally a SaaS company founded by Elon Musk's cousin, Lyndon Rive, which Dell bought in 2007), and Your Tech Team (a support-queue available to home users who purchased their systems either through Dell's website or through Dell phone-centers).

question: What is the alternate name for the Dell Solution Station? 

answer: Dell on Call

question: What Dell service offers certified technicians to tackle commercial technical support? 

answer: Dell Business Support

question: What Dell service offers remote desktop management? 

answer: Dell Everdream Desktop Management

question: What is the name of the Dell service that gives home-users a support queue? 

answer: Your Tech Team
Title: Dell
Context: In late 2006[update], Dell lost its lead in the PC-business to Hewlett-Packard. Both Gartner and IDC estimated that in the third quarter of 2006, HP shipped more units worldwide than Dell did. Dell's 3.6% growth paled in comparison to HP's 15% growth during the same period. The problem got worse in the fourth quarter, when Gartner estimated that Dell PC shipments declined 8.9% (versus HP's 23.9% growth). As a result, at the end of 2006 Dell's overall PC market-share stood at 13.9% (versus HP's 17.4%).

question: What year did Dell lose its tech lead to Hewlett-Packard? 

answer: 2006

question: What was HP's growth during the third quarter of 2006? 

answer: 15%

question: What was the rate of decline that Dell experienced in PC shipments? 

answer: 8.9%

question: What was Dell's market share at the end of 2006? 

answer: 13.9%
Title: Dell
Context: Dell was the first company to publicly state a timeline for the elimination of toxic polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and brominated flame retardants (BFRs), which it planned to phase out by the end of 2009. It revised this commitment and now aims to remove these toxics by the end of 2011 but only in its computing products. In March 2010, Greenpeace activists protested at Dell offices in Bangalore, Amsterdam and Copenhagen calling for Dell’s founder and CEO Michael Dell to ‘drop the toxics’ and claiming that Dell’s aspiration to be ‘the greenest technology company on the planet’ was ‘hypocritical’. Dell has launched its first products completely free of PVC and BFRs with the G-Series monitors (G2210 and G2410) in 2009.

question: What toxic chemical did Dell set to eliminate from its products? 

answer: polyvinyl chloride

question: By what year does Dell plan to remove chemicals from its computers? 

answer: 2011

question: What activists protested at Dell's offices in response to the usage of toxic chemicals? 

answer: Greenpeace

question: What year did Dell launch its first products that were free of toxic chemicals? 

answer: 2009
Title: Dell
Context: In 2006, Dell acknowledged that it had problems with customer service. Issues included call transfers of more than 45% of calls and long wait times. Dell's blog detailed the response: "We're spending more than a $100 million — and a lot of blood, sweat and tears of talented people — to fix this." Later in the year, the company increased its spending on customer service to $150 million. Despite significant investment in this space, Dell continues to face public scrutiny with even the company's own website littered with complaints regarding the issue escalation process.[original research?]

question: What percentage of Dell support calls were transferred? 

answer: 45%

question: How much did Dell originally spend to fix their customer service? 

answer: $100 million

question: What amount did Dell increase its customer service budget to? 

answer: $150 million
Title: Dell
Context: The company aims to reduce its external environmental impact through energy-efficient evolution of products, and also reduce its direct operational impact through energy-efficiency programs. Internal energy-efficiency programs reportedly save the company more than $3 million annually in energy-cost savings. The largest component of the company's internal energy-efficiency savings comes through PC power management: the company expects to save $1.8 million in energy costs through using specialized energy-management software on a network of 50,000 PCs.

question: What does Dell aim to reduce by creating energy efficient products? 

answer: external environmental impact

question: How much does energy efficiency save Dell per year? 

answer: $3 million

question: What is the largest contributor to Dell's energy efficiency savings? 

answer: PC power management

question: How many PCs does Dell employ energy management software on? 

answer: 50,000
Title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
Context: If a defendant is sentenced to death at the trial level, the case then goes into a direct review. The direct review process is a typical legal appeal. An appellate court examines the record of evidence presented in the trial court and the law that the lower court applied and decides whether the decision was legally sound or not. Direct review of a capital sentencing hearing will result in one of three outcomes. If the appellate court finds that no significant legal errors occurred in the capital sentencing hearing, the appellate court will affirm the judgment, or let the sentence stand. If the appellate court finds that significant legal errors did occur, then it will reverse the judgment, or nullify the sentence and order a new capital sentencing hearing. Lastly, if the appellate court finds that no reasonable juror could find the defendant eligible for the death penalty, a rarity, then it will order the defendant acquitted, or not guilty, of the crime for which he/she was given the death penalty, and order him sentenced to the next most severe punishment for which the offense is eligible. About 60 percent survive the process of direct review intact.

question: What process begins after a death sentence is handed down at trial? 

answer: direct review

question: In a direct review, what type of court looks at the record? 

answer: appellate

question: How many possible outcomes are there of a capital sentencing direct review? 

answer: three

question: In a direct review, what court has its record reviewed by the appellate court? 

answer: trial

question: What percentage of convictions survive direct review? 

answer: 60
Title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
Context: Under the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, a state prisoner is ordinarily only allowed one suit for habeas corpus in federal court. If the federal courts refuse to issue a writ of habeas corpus, an execution date may be set. In recent times, however, prisoners have postponed execution through a final round of federal litigation using the Civil Rights Act of 1871 — codified at 42 U.S.C. § 1983 — which allows people to bring lawsuits against state actors to protect their federal constitutional and statutory rights.

question: In what year was the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act passed? 

answer: 1996

question: How many habeas corpus suits does the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act normally allow in federal court? 

answer: one

question: What is the US Code citation for the Civil Rights Act of 1871? 

answer: 42 U.S.C. § 1983

question: Why does a litigant initiate a lawsuit under the Civil Rights Act of 1871? 

answer: to protect their federal constitutional and statutory rights
Title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
Context: The moratorium ended on January 17, 1977 with the shooting of Gary Gilmore by firing squad in Utah. The first use of the electric chair after the moratorium was the electrocution of John Spenkelink in Florida on May 25, 1979. The first use of the gas chamber after the moratorium was the gassing of Jesse Bishop in Nevada on October 22, 1979. The first use of the gallows after the moratorium was the hanging of Westley Allan Dodd in Washington on January 5, 1993. The first use of lethal injection was on December 7, 1982, when Charles Brooks, Jr., was executed in Texas.

question: Who was executed by firing squad on January 17, 1977? 

answer: Gary Gilmore

question: In what state was Gary Gilmore executed? 

answer: Utah

question: On what date was John Spenkelink executed? 

answer: May 25, 1979

question: In what state did Jesse Bishop's execution occur? 

answer: Nevada

question: How was Charles Brooks, Jr. executed? 

answer: lethal injection
Title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
Context: Electrocution was the preferred method of execution during the 20th century. Electric chairs have commonly been nicknamed Old Sparky; however, Alabama's electric chair became known as the "Yellow Mama" due to its unique color. Some, particularly in Florida, were noted for malfunctions, which caused discussion of their cruelty and resulted in a shift to lethal injection as the preferred method of execution. Although lethal injection dominates as a method of execution, some states allow prisoners on death row to choose the method used to execute them.

question: What was a common nickname for the electric chair? 

answer: Old Sparky

question: What color was Alabama's electric chair? 

answer: Yellow

question: What state notably had electric chair malfunctions? 

answer: Florida

question: Due to electric chair malfunctions, what method of execution became preferred? 

answer: lethal injection

question: Prior to the popularity of lethal injection, what was the preferred method of executing criminals in America? 

answer: Electrocution
Title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
Context: Other states with long histories of no death penalty include Wisconsin (the only state with only one execution), Rhode Island (although later reintroduced, it was unused and abolished again), Maine, North Dakota, Minnesota, West Virginia, Iowa, and Vermont. The District of Columbia has also abolished the death penalty; it was last used in 1957. Oregon abolished the death penalty through an overwhelming majority in a 1964 public referendum but reinstated it in a 1984 joint death penalty/life imprisonment referendum by an even higher margin after a similar 1978 referendum succeeded but was not implemented due to judicial rulings.

question: What state has had only a single execution? 

answer: Wisconsin

question: When was the last person executed in the District of Columbia? 

answer: 1957

question: When did Oregon reinstate the death penalty? 

answer: 1984

question: In what year did an Oregon referendum succeed in restoring the death penalty, only to be shot down due to a court ruling? 

answer: 1978

question: What state notably abolished the death penalty and then reintroduced it, but didn't use it again? 

answer: Rhode Island
Title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
Context: Within the context of the overall murder rate, the death penalty cannot be said to be widely or routinely used in the United States; in recent years the average has been about one execution for about every 700 murders committed, or 1 execution for about every 325 murder convictions. However, 32 of the 50 states still execute people. Among them, Alabama has the highest per capita rate of death sentences. This is due to judges overriding life imprisonment sentences and imposing the death penalty. No other states allow this.

question: In the United States, how many murders are there for each execution? 

answer: 700

question: How many murder convictions occur in the US per execution? 

answer: 325

question: How many states in the US have the death penalty? 

answer: 32

question: What state has the highest rate of death sentences per person? 

answer: Alabama

question: What does Alabama law allow judges to do that isn't allowed in other states? 

answer: overriding life imprisonment sentences and imposing the death penalty
Title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
Context: Puerto Rico's constitution expressly forbids capital punishment, stating "The death penalty shall not exist", setting it apart from all U.S. states and territories other than Michigan, which also has a constitutional prohibition (eleven other states and the District of Columbia have abolished capital punishment through statutory law). However, capital punishment is still applicable to offenses committed in Puerto Rico, if they fall under the jurisdiction of the federal government, though federal death penalty prosecutions there have generated significant controversy.

question: What territory's constitution says "The death penalty shall not exist"? 

answer: Puerto Rico's

question: What US state prohibits the death penalty in its constitution? 

answer: Michigan

question: How many US states have passed laws outlawing the death penalty? 

answer: eleven

question: Under what jurisdiction can capital offenses still be committed in Puerto Rico? 

answer: federal
Title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
Context: Capital punishment was suspended in the United States from 1972 through 1976 primarily as a result of the Supreme Court's decision in Furman v. Georgia. The last pre-Furman execution was that of Luis Monge on June 2, 1967. In this case, the court found that the death penalty was being imposed in an unconstitutional manner, on the grounds of cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The Supreme Court has never ruled the death penalty to be per se unconstitutional.

question: In what year was the death penalty suspended in the US? 

answer: 1972

question: What Supreme Court case resulted in capital punishment being suspended? 

answer: Furman v. Georgia

question: Who was executed on June 2, 1967? 

answer: Luis Monge

question: What amendment to the United States Constitution forbids cruel and unusual punishment? 

answer: Eighth

question: In what year was the suspension of the death penalty in the United States ended? 

answer: 1976
Title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
Context: Present-day statutes from across the nation use the same words and phrases, requiring modern executions to take place within a wall or enclosure to exclude public view. Connecticut General Statute § 54–100 requires death sentences to be conducted in an "enclosure" which "shall be so constructed as to exclude public view." Kentucky Revised Statute 431.220 and Missouri Revised Statute § 546.730 contain substantially identical language. New Mexico's former death penalty, since repealed, see N.M. Stat. § 31-14-12, required executions be conducted in a "room or place enclosed from public view." Similarly, a dormant Massachusetts law, see Mass. Gen. Law ch. 279 § 60, required executions to take place "within an enclosure or building." North Carolina General Statute § 15-188 requires death sentences to be executed "within the walls" of the penitentiary, as do Oklahoma Statute Title 22 § 1015 and Montana Code § 46-19-103. Ohio Revised Code § 2949.22 requires that "[t]he enclosure shall exclude public view." Similarly, Tennessee Code § 40-23-116 requires "an enclosure" for "strict seclusion and privacy." United States Code Title 18 § 3596 and the Code of Federal Regulations 28 CFR 26.4 limit the witnesses permitted at federal executions.

question: What state's law says that death sentences must take place in an "enclosure"? 

answer: Connecticut

question: What state's law requires that capital punishment occur "within the walls" of a penitentiary? 

answer: North Carolina

question: What law has similar language to Missouri Revised Statute § 546.730? 

answer: Kentucky Revised Statute 431.220

question: Along with United States Code Title 18 § 3596, what federal law limits the people who can witness a federal execution? 

answer: Code of Federal Regulations 28 CFR 26.4

question: What state's law mandated that executions occur in ""room or place enclosed from public view"? 

answer: New Mexico's
Title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
Context: In 1976, contemporaneously with Woodson and Roberts, the Court decided Gregg v. Georgia and upheld a procedure in which the trial of capital crimes was bifurcated into guilt-innocence and sentencing phases. At the first proceeding, the jury decides the defendant's guilt; if the defendant is innocent or otherwise not convicted of first-degree murder, the death penalty will not be imposed. At the second hearing, the jury determines whether certain statutory aggravating factors exist, whether any mitigating factors exist, and, in many jurisdictions, weigh the aggravating and mitigating factors in assessing the ultimate penalty – either death or life in prison, either with or without parole.

question: In what year was Gregg v. Georgia decided? 

answer: 1976

question: Along with the guilt-innocence phase, what is the other phase of a death penalty trial under Gregg v. Georgia? 

answer: sentencing

question: What is the only conviction that can lead to the death penalty? 

answer: first-degree murder

question: Along with aggravating factors, what other factors are considered at the second hearing? 

answer: mitigating

question: What is decided at the first proceeding? 

answer: the defendant's guilt
Title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
Context: Possibly in part due to expedited federal habeas corpus procedures embodied in the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, the pace of executions picked up, reaching a peak of 98 in 1999 and then they declined gradually to 28 in 2015. Since the death penalty was reauthorized in 1976, 1,411 people have been executed, almost exclusively by the states, with most occurring after 1990. Texas has accounted for over one-third of modern executions (although only two death sentences were imposed in Texas during 2015, with the courts preferring to issue sentences of life without parole instead) and over four times as many as Oklahoma, the state with the second-highest number. California has the greatest number of prisoners on death row, has issued the highest number of death sentences but has held relatively few executions.

question: How many executions occurred in 1999? 

answer: 98

question: What was the number of people executed in 2015? 

answer: 28

question: In what year did the reauthorization of capital punishment occur? 

answer: 1976

question: How many people have been executed in the United States since 1976? 

answer: 1,411

question: Which state has the largest number of people awaiting execution? 

answer: California
Title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
Context: As of November 2008, there is only one person on death row facing capital punishment who has not been convicted of murder. Demarcus Sears remains under a death sentence in Georgia for the crime of "kidnapping with bodily injury." Sears was convicted in 1986 for the kidnapping and bodily injury of victim Gloria Ann Wilbur. Wilbur was kidnapped and beaten in Georgia, raped in Tennessee, and murdered in Kentucky. Sears was never charged with the murder of Wilbur in Kentucky, but was sentenced to death by a jury in Georgia for "kidnapping with bodily injury."

question: In November 2008, who was on death penalty without a murder conviction? 

answer: Demarcus Sears

question: Who did Demarcus Sears kidnap? 

answer: Gloria Ann Wilbur

question: In what state was Gloria Ann Wilbur murdered? 

answer: Kentucky

question: In what year was Demarcus Sears convicted of kidnapping? 

answer: 1986

question: A jury in what state sentenced Demarcus Sears to death? 

answer: Georgia
Title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
Context: At times when a death sentence is affirmed on direct review, it is considered final. Yet, supplemental methods to attack the judgment, though less familiar than a typical appeal, do remain. These supplemental remedies are considered collateral review, that is, an avenue for upsetting judgments that have become otherwise final. Where the prisoner received his death sentence in a state-level trial, as is usually the case, the first step in collateral review is state collateral review. (If the case is a federal death penalty case, it proceeds immediately from direct review to federal habeas corpus.) Although all states have some type of collateral review, the process varies widely from state to state. Generally, the purpose of these collateral proceedings is to permit the prisoner to challenge his sentence on grounds that could not have been raised reasonably at trial or on direct review. Most often these are claims, such as ineffective assistance of counsel, which requires the court to consider new evidence outside the original trial record, something courts may not do in an ordinary appeal. State collateral review, though an important step in that it helps define the scope of subsequent review through federal habeas corpus, is rarely successful in and of itself. Only around 6 percent of death sentences are overturned on state collateral review. In 2010, the death sentences of 53 inmates were overturned as a result of legal appeals or high court reversals.

question: When a prisoner is given a death sentence in a state, what is the first step of collateral review? 

answer: state collateral review

question: About what percentage of capital convictions are overturned due to state collateral review? 

answer: 6

question: In 2010, how many death sentences were overturned due to reversals from courts or appeals? 

answer: 53

question: What is an example of an issue that is raised in collateral review? 

answer: ineffective assistance of counsel