praj-17/QA-MCQ-Open-ended huggingface dataset:
Title: Pacific_War
Context: Hard-fought battles on the Japanese home islands of Iwo Jima, Okinawa, and others resulted in horrific casualties on both sides but finally produced a Japanese defeat. Of the 117,000 Japanese troops defending Okinawa, 94 percent died. Faced with the loss of most of their experienced pilots, the Japanese increased their use of kamikaze tactics in an attempt to create unacceptably high casualties for the Allies. The U.S. Navy proposed to force a Japanese surrender through a total naval blockade and air raids.

question: What percent of Japanese troops died on Okinawa? 

answer: 94

question: Using a total blockade and air raids, what did the US Navy hope to force? 

answer: Japanese surrender

question: How many Japanese troops defended Okinawa? 

answer: 117,000

question: How did the Japanese attempt to cause high Allied casualties? 

answer: kamikaze tactics
Title: Pacific_War
Context: Towards the end of the war as the role of strategic bombing became more important, a new command for the U.S. Strategic Air Forces in the Pacific was created to oversee all U.S. strategic bombing in the hemisphere, under United States Army Air Forces General Curtis LeMay. Japanese industrial production plunged as nearly half of the built-up areas of 67 cities were destroyed by B-29 firebombing raids. On 9–10 March 1945 alone, about 100,000 people were killed in a conflagration caused by an incendiary attack on Tokyo. LeMay also oversaw Operation Starvation, in which the inland waterways of Japan were extensively mined by air, which disrupted the small amount of remaining Japanese coastal sea traffic. On 26 July 1945, the President of the United States Harry S. Truman, the President of the Nationalist Government of China Chiang Kai-shek and the Prime Minister of Great Britain Winston Churchill issued the Potsdam Declaration, which outlined the terms of surrender for the Empire of Japan as agreed upon at the Potsdam Conference. This ultimatum stated that, if Japan did not surrender, it would face "prompt and utter destruction."

question: Who was over the new U.S. Strategic Air Forces in the Pacific command? 

answer: General Curtis LeMay

question: How many people were killed in the incendry attack on Tokyo on March 9-10, 1945? 

answer: 100,000

question: When was the Potsdam Declaration issued? 

answer: 26 July 1945

question: Who oversaw Operation Starvation? 

answer: General Curtis LeMay

question: What ultimatum stated that Japan would face "prompt and utter destruction" if it did not surrender? 

answer: Potsdam Declaration
Title: Pacific_War
Context: On 6 August 1945, the U.S. dropped an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima in the first nuclear attack in history. In a press release issued after the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Truman warned Japan to surrender or "...expect a rain of ruin from the air, the like of which has never been seen on this earth." Three days later, on 9 August, the U.S. dropped another atomic bomb on Nagasaki, the last nuclear attack in history. More than 140,000–240,000 people died as a direct result of these two bombings. The necessity of the atomic bombings has long been debated, with detractors claiming that a naval blockade and aerial bombing campaign had already made invasion, hence the atomic bomb, unnecessary. However, other scholars have argued that the bombings shocked the Japanese government into surrender, with Emperor finally indicating his wish to stop the war. Another argument in favor of the atomic bombs is that they helped avoid Operation Downfall, or a prolonged blockade and bombing campaign, any of which would have exacted much higher casualties among Japanese civilians. Historian Richard B. Frank wrote that a Soviet invasion of Japan was never likely because they had insufficient naval capability to mount an amphibious invasion of Hokkaidō.

question: America dropped what on August 6, 1945? 

answer: atomic bomb

question: What was the forst Japenese city nuked by the United States? 

answer: Hiroshima

question: What was the name of the blockade and bombing of Japan planed to make them surrender? 

answer: Operation Downfall

question: When did American drop a nuclear bomb on Nagasaki? 

answer: 9 August

question: Who wrote that a Soviet invasion of Japan was unlikely? 

answer: Richard B. Frank
Title: Pacific_War
Context: The Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation began on 9 August 1945, with the Soviet invasion of the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo and was the last campaign of the Second World War and the largest of the 1945 Soviet–Japanese War which resumed hostilities between the Soviet Union and the Empire of Japan after almost six years of peace. Soviet gains on the continent were Manchukuo, Mengjiang (Inner Mongolia) and northern Korea. The rapid defeat of Japan's Kwantung Army has been argued to be a significant factor in the Japanese surrender and the end of World War II, as Japan realized the Soviets were willing and able to take the cost of invasion of its Home Islands, after their rapid conquest of Manchuria and Invasion of South Sakhalin island.

question: When did the soviet Union invade Manchukuo? 

answer: 9 August 1945

question: What was the last campaign of World War II? 

answer: Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation

question: What was the largest campaign of the Soviets against Japan? 

answer: Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation

question: Who gained Manchukuo, Mengjiang, and northern Korea after the Manchurian Strategic Offensive Campaign? 

answer: Soviet Union

question: When did hostilities between Japan and the Soviet Union resum after six years of peace? 

answer: 9 August 1945
Title: Pacific_War
Context: The effects of the "Twin Shocks"—the Soviet entry and the atomic bombing—were profound. On 10 August the "sacred decision" was made by Japanese Cabinet to accept the Potsdam terms on one condition: the "prerogative of His Majesty as a Sovereign Ruler". At noon on 15 August, after the American government's intentionally ambiguous reply, stating that the "authority" of the emperor "shall be subject to the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers", the Emperor broadcast to the nation and to the world at large the rescript of surrender, ending the Second World War.

question: How did the Japanese refer to the atomic bombings and the Soviet invasion? 

answer: "Twin Shocks"

question: When did Japan surrender? 

answer: 15 August

question: What was the one condition Japan wanted before accepting the Potsdam terms? 

answer: "prerogative of His Majesty as a Sovereign Ruler"

question: What was the reply to Japan about the surrender condition? 

answer: "authority" of the emperor "shall be subject to the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers"

question: What was it called when the Japanese Cabinet accepted the Potsdam terms? 

answer: "sacred decision"
Title: Pacific_War
Context: In Japan, 14 August is considered to be the day that the Pacific War ended. However, as Imperial Japan actually surrendered on 15 August, this day became known in the English-speaking countries as "V-J Day" (Victory in Japan). The formal Japanese Instrument of Surrender was signed on 2 September 1945, on the battleship USS Missouri, in Tokyo Bay. The surrender was accepted by General Douglas MacArthur as Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, with representatives of several Allied nations, from a Japanese delegation led by Mamoru Shigemitsu and Yoshijiro Umezu.

question: What date does Japan consider the end of the Pacific War? 

answer: 14 August

question: What day is know in the United States as "V-J Day"? 

answer: 15 August

question: When did Japan formally have signed the surrender? 

answer: 2 September 1945

question: On what battleship was the surrender document signed by the Japanese delagation? 

answer: USS Missouri

question: Who accepted the Japanese surrender? 

answer: General Douglas MacArthur
Title: Pacific_War
Context: A widely publicised example of institutionalised sexual slavery are "comfort women", a euphemism for the 200,000 women, mostly from Korea and China, who served in the Japanese army's camps during World War II. Some 35 Dutch comfort women brought a successful case before the Batavia Military Tribunal in 1948. In 1993, Chief Cabinet Secretary Yohei Kono said that women were coerced into brothels run by Japan's wartime military. Other Japanese leaders have apologized, including former Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi in 2001. In 2007, then-Prime Minister Shinzō Abe claimed: "The fact is, there is no evidence to prove there was coercion."

question: How many women are believed to have been sexual slaves for the Japenese Army? 

answer: 200,000

question: In 1948, how many Dutch women brought a case to the Batavia Military Tribunal? 

answer: 35

question: In 2001 which Japanese Prime <Minister apologized for the brothels. 

answer: Junichiro Koizumi

question: In 2007 which Japenese Prime Minister said there was no proof of coercion of women to be sexual slaves? 

answer: Shinzō Abe

question: Where were the sexual slave women mostly from? 

answer: Korea and China
Title: Pacific_War
Context: Australia had been shocked by the speedy collapse of British Malaya and Fall of Singapore in which around 15,000 Australian soldiers became prisoners of war. Curtin predicted that the "battle for Australia" would now follow. The Japanese established a major base in the Australian Territory of New Guinea in early 1942. On 19 February, Darwin suffered a devastating air raid, the first time the Australian mainland had been attacked. Over the following 19 months, Australia was attacked from the air almost 100 times.

question: About how many Australians were taken prisoner after the fall of Singapore and British Malaya? 

answer: 15,000

question: In what year did Japan establish a base in New Guinea? 

answer: 1942

question: What date was the Australian mainland first attacked? 

answer: 19 February

question: What mainland Australian city was attacked by the Japanese on February 19? 

answer: Darwin

question: For how many months was Australia attacked from the air by Japan? 

answer: 19
Title: Richmond,_Virginia
Context: Richmond is located at the fall line of the James River, 44 miles (71 km) west of Williamsburg, 66 miles (106 km) east of Charlottesville, and 98 miles (158 km) south of Washington, D.C. Surrounded by Henrico and Chesterfield counties, the city is located at the intersections of Interstate 95 and Interstate 64, and encircled by Interstate 295 and Virginia State Route 288. Major suburbs include Midlothian to the southwest, Glen Allen to the north and west, Short Pump to the west and Mechanicsville to the northeast.

question: Richmond is located at what line of the James river? 

answer: the fall line

question: At what intersections is the Richmond located? 

answer: Interstate 95 and Interstate 64, and encircled by Interstate 295 and Virginia State Route 288.

question: What counties are located? around Washington.D.C? 

answer: Henrico and Chesterfield counties

question: What suburb is located on the southwest? 

answer: Midlothian

question: What suburb is located on the north and west? 

answer: Glen Allen

question: What are the major roads in Richmond? 

answer: Interstate 95 and Interstate 64, and encircled by Interstate 295 and Virginia State Route 288

question: What is the closest historically famous city is 44 miles away? 

answer: 44 miles (71 km) west of Williamsburg

question: What counties surround Richmond? 

answer: Henrico and Chesterfield counties

question: Name at least two major suburbs of Richmond. 

answer: Midlothian to the southwest, Glen Allen to the north and west, Short Pump to the west and Mechanicsville to the northeast

question: How many miles east of Richmond is Williamsburg? 

answer: 44

question: How many kilometers west of Charlottesville is Richmond? 

answer: 106

question: Leaving Washington DC, what cardinal direction would one travel to reach Richmond? 

answer: south

question: What is Richmond's southwestern suburb? 

answer: Midlothian

question: Where is Short Pump located in relation to Richmond? 

answer: west
Title: Richmond,_Virginia
Context: The site of Richmond had been an important village of the Powhatan Confederacy, and was briefly settled by English colonists from Jamestown in 1609, and in 1610–1611. The present city of Richmond was founded in 1737. It became the capital of the Colony and Dominion of Virginia in 1780. During the Revolutionary War period, several notable events occurred in the city, including Patrick Henry's "Give me liberty or give me death" speech in 1775 at St. John's Church, and the passage of the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom written by Thomas Jefferson. During the American Civil War, Richmond served as the capital of the Confederate States of America. The city entered the 20th century with one of the world's first successful electric streetcar systems, as well as a national hub of African-American commerce and culture, the Jackson Ward neighborhood.

question: Richmond was an important city of what confederacy?  

answer: the Powhatan Confederacy

question: Richmond was briefly settled by whom? 

answer: English colonists from Jamestown

question: When did Jamestown Colonist settle in Richmond? 

answer: 1609, and in 1610–1611

question: When was present day Richmond founded? 

answer: 1737

question: what famous speech did Patrick Henry give in Richmond? 

answer: Give me liberty or give me death

question: When was Richmond first settled? 

answer: 1609

question: When was the City of Richmond founded? 

answer: 1737

question: What famous revolutionary war speech was given in Richmond?  Where? 

answer: Patrick Henry's "Give me liberty or give me death" speech in 1775 at St. John's Church

question: What 'side' was Richmond on in the Civil War? 

answer: Confederate

question: Who wrote the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom? 

answer: Thomas Jefferson

question: What was the nationality of the people who settled Richmond in 1609? 

answer: English

question: In what year was the current city of Richmond founded? 

answer: 1737

question: What famous speech did Patrick Henry give in Richmond? 

answer: Give me liberty or give me death

question: In what building did Patrick Henry give his famous speech? 

answer: St. John's Church

question: Who was the author of the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom? 

answer: Thomas Jefferson
Title: Richmond,_Virginia
Context: Richmond's economy is primarily driven by law, finance, and government, with federal, state, and local governmental agencies, as well as notable legal and banking firms, located in the downtown area. The city is home to both the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, one of 13 United States courts of appeals, and the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, one of 12 Federal Reserve Banks. Dominion Resources and MeadWestvaco, Fortune 500 companies, are headquartered in the city, with others in the metropolitan area.

question: What things are important to the economy of Richmond? 

answer: law, finance, and government, with federal, state, and local governmental agencies

question: What judicial branches are located in Richmond? 

answer: The city is home to both the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, one of 13 United States courts of appeals

question: There is a Federal Reserve Bank located in Richmond.  How many are there, total? 

answer: 12 Federal Reserve Banks

question: Name a Fortune 500 company with it's headquarters in Richmond 

answer: Dominion Resources and MeadWestvaco

question: Along with law and finance, what is a major component of Richmond's economy? 

answer: government

question: What circuit of the US Court of Appeals is based in Richmond? 

answer: Fourth

question: How many circuit courts of appeal are there in the United States? 

answer: 13

question: How many Federal Reserve Banks exist? 

answer: 12

question: Along with MeadWestvaco, what Fortune 500 company is based in Richmond? 

answer: Dominion Resources
Title: Richmond,_Virginia
Context: In 1775, Patrick Henry delivered his famous "Give me Liberty or Give me Death" speech in St. John's Church in Richmond, crucial for deciding Virginia's participation in the First Continental Congress and setting the course for revolution and independence. On April 18, 1780, the state capital was moved from the colonial capital of Williamsburg to Richmond, to provide a more centralized location for Virginia's increasing westerly population, as well as to isolate the capital from British attack. The latter motive proved to be in vain, and in 1781, under the command of Benedict Arnold, Richmond was burned by British troops, causing Governor Thomas Jefferson to flee as the Virginia militia, led by Sampson Mathews, defended the city.

question: What year did Patrick Henry give his speech? 

answer: 1775

question: What happened on April 18, 1780? 

answer: the state capital was moved from the colonial capital of Williamsburg to Richmond

question: What did Patrick Henry's speech encourage to happen? 

answer: Virginia's participation in the First Continental Congress and setting the course for revolution and independence

question: What's one reason the capital was moved to Richmond? 

answer: to isolate the capital from British attack

question: Who was Governor of Virginia in 1781 

answer: Thomas Jefferson

question: What did Patrick Henry's famous speech persuade Virginians to send delegates to? 

answer: First Continental Congress

question: What was the capital of Virginia prior to Richmond? 

answer: Williamsburg

question: What general led the troops that burned Richmond? 

answer: Benedict Arnold

question: Who led the militia that defended Richmond? 

answer: Sampson Mathews

question: Who was the governor of Virginia in 1781? 

answer: Thomas Jefferson
Title: Richmond,_Virginia
Context: Richmond recovered quickly from the war, and by 1782 was once again a thriving city. In 1786, the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom (drafted by Thomas Jefferson) was passed at the temporary capitol in Richmond, providing the basis for the separation of church and state, a key element in the development of the freedom of religion in the United States. A permanent home for the new government, the Virginia State Capitol building, was designed by Thomas Jefferson with the assistance of Charles-Louis Clérisseau, and was completed in 1788.

question: What is the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom? 

answer: the basis for the separation of church and state

question: Who drafted the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom? 

answer: Thomas Jefferson

question: Who designed the Richmond Capital Building? 

answer: Thomas Jefferson

question: Who is Charles-Louis Clerisseau? 

answer: Capitol building, was designed by

question: When was the Capital building completed? 

answer: 1788

question: Who aided Jefferson in designing the Virginia State Capitol? 

answer: Charles-Louis Clérisseau

question: In what year was the Virginia State Capitol finished? 

answer: 1788

question: What was the capital of Virginia circa 1786? 

answer: Richmond

question: What notable document was authored by Thomas Jefferson in 1786? 

answer: Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom

question: In what year could Richmond first be said to have recovered from the destruction of the American Revolution? 

answer: 1782
Title: Richmond,_Virginia
Context: After the American Revolutionary War, Richmond emerged as an important industrial center. To facilitate the transfer of cargo from the flat-bottomed bateaux above the fall line to the ocean-faring ships below, George Washington helped design the James River and Kanawha Canal in the 18th century to bypass Richmond's rapids, with the intent of providing a water route across the Appalachians to the Kanawha River. The legacy of the canal boatmen is represented by the figure in the center of the city flag. As a result of this and ample access to hydropower due to the falls, Richmond became home to some of the largest manufacturing facilities in the country, including iron works and flour mills, the largest facilities of their kind in the South. The resistance to the slave trade was growing by the mid-nineteenth century; in one famous case in 1848, Henry "Box" Brown made history by having himself nailed into a small box and shipped from Richmond to abolitionists in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, escaping slavery.

question: What man-made body of water was designed in part by George Washington? 

answer: James River and Kanawha Canal

question: To where was the canal designed by Washington intended to ferry water? 

answer: Kanawha River

question: To what city was Henry Brown shipped as freight? 

answer: Philadelphia

question: What was Henry Brown's nickname? 

answer: Box

question: What sort of economic center was Richmond in the wake of the American Revolution? 

answer: industrial
Title: Richmond,_Virginia
Context: On 17 April 1861, five days after the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter, the legislature voted to secede from the United States and joined the Confederacy. Official action came in May, after the Confederacy promised to move its national capital to Richmond. The city was at the end of a long supply line, which made it somewhat difficult to defend, although supplies continued to reach the city by canal and wagon for years, since it was protected by the Army of Northern Virginia and arguably the Confederacy's best troops and commanders. It became the main target of Union armies, especially in the campaigns of 1862 and 1864-5.

question: On what date was Virginia's secession from the Union? 

answer: 17 April 1861

question: After leaving the Union, what nation did Virginia join? 

answer: Confederacy

question: Along with 1864-5, what year notably saw US campaigns directed at Richmond? 

answer: 1862
Title: Richmond,_Virginia
Context: In addition to Virginia and Confederate government offices and hospitals, a railroad hub, and one of the South's largest slave markets, Richmond had the largest factory in the Confederacy, the Tredegar Iron Works, which turned out artillery and other munitions, including the 723 tons of armor plating that covered the CSS Virginia, the world's first ironclad used in war, as well as much of the Confederates' heavy ordnance machinery. The Confederate Congress shared quarters with the Virginia General Assembly in the Virginia State Capitol, with the Confederacy's executive mansion, the "White House of the Confederacy", located two blocks away. The Seven Days Battles followed in late June and early July 1862, during which Union General McClellan threatened to take Richmond but ultimately failed.

question: What was the name of the biggest factory in the Confederate States of America? 

answer: Tredegar Iron Works

question: What was the name of the first ironclad warship that saw combat? 

answer: CSS Virginia

question: What is another name for the Confederacy's executive mansion? 

answer: White House of the Confederacy

question: How far away from the Confederate executive mansion was the Virginia State Capitol? 

answer: two blocks

question: Who commanded the Union armies during the Seven Days Battles? 

answer: McClellan