praj-17/QA-MCQ-Open-ended huggingface dataset:
Title: Red
Context: Red is one of the most common colors used on national flags. The use of red has similar connotations from country to country: the blood, sacrifice, and courage of those who defended their country; the sun and the hope and warmth it brings; and the sacrifice of Christ's blood (in some historically Christian nations) are a few examples. Red is the color of the flags of several countries that once belonged to the former British Empire. The British flag bears the colors red, white, and blue; it includes the cross of Saint George, patron saint of England, and the saltire of Saint Patrick, patron saint of Ireland, both of which are red on white. The flag of the United States bears the colors of Britain, the colors of the French tricolore include red as part of the old Paris coat of arms, and other countries' flags, such as those of Australia, New Zealand, and Fiji, carry a small inset of the British flag in memory of their ties to that country. Many former colonies of Spain, such as Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Peru, and Venezuela, also feature red-one of the colors of the Spanish flag-on their own banners. Red flags are also used to symbolize storms, bad water conditions, and many other dangers. Navy flags are often red and yellow. Red is prominently featured in the flag of the United States Marine Corps.

question: In Christian nations what does the color red often become associated with? 

answer: Christ's blood

question: What cross is on the British flag? 

answer: the cross of Saint George

question: As it relates to England, who is Saint George? 

answer: patron saint of England

question: Which US armed force uses red as the main color of its flag? 

answer: the United States Marine Corps

question: In terms of a beach, why might one see a red flag? 

answer: bad water conditions
Title: Red
Context: Red, blue, and white are also the Pan-Slavic colors adopted by the Slavic solidarity movement of the late nineteenth century. Initially these were the colors of the Russian flag; as the Slavic movement grew, they were adopted by other Slavic peoples including Slovaks, Slovenes, and Serbs. The flags of the Czech Republic and Poland use red for historic heraldic reasons (see Coat of arms of Poland and Coat of arms of the Czech Republic) & not due to Pan-Slavic connotations. In 2004 Georgia adopted a new white flag, which consists of four small and one big red cross in the middle touching all four sides.

question: When did the Slavic solidarity movement choose red blue and white as their colors? 

answer: the late nineteenth century

question: In what year did the nation of George get a new national flag? 

answer: 2004

question: What is in the middle of the Georgian flag? 

answer: one big red cross

question: How many small crosses are on the Georgian flag? 

answer: four

question: What were the Pan-Slavic colors originally? 

answer: the colors of the Russian flag
Title: Red
Context: Red, white, and black were the colors of the German Empire from 1870 to 1918, and as such they came to be associated with German nationalism. In the 1920s they were adopted as the colors of the Nazi flag. In Mein Kampf, Hitler explained that they were "revered colors expressive of our homage to the glorious past." The red part of the flag was also chosen to attract attention - Hitler wrote: "the new flag ... should prove effective as a large poster" because "in hundreds of thousands of cases a really striking emblem may be the first cause of awakening interest in a movement." The red also symbolized the social program of the Nazis, aimed at German workers. Several designs by a number of different authors were considered, but the one adopted in the end was Hitler's personal design.

question: During what time period did the German Empire use the colors red white and black? 

answer: 1870 to 1918

question: What did red white and black become associated with in Germany? 

answer: German nationalism

question: Whose design was the Nazi flag? 

answer: Hitler's personal design

question: In what era did red white and black become part of the Nazi flag? 

answer: 1920s

question: Red was chosen as part of the Nazi flag to do what? 

answer: attract attention
Title: Red
Context: The red flag appeared as a political symbol during the French Revolution, after the fall of Bastille. A law adopted by the new government on October 20, 1789 authorized the Garde Nationale to raise the red flag in the event of a riot, to signal that the Garde would imminently intervene. During a demonstration on the Champs de Mars on July 17, 1791, the Garde Nationale fired on the crowd, killed up to fifty people. The government was denounced by the more radical revolutionaries. In the words of his famous hymn, the Marseillaise, Rouget de Lisle wrote: "Against us they have raised the bloody flag of tyranny!" (Contre nous de la tyrannie, l'entendard sanglant est leve). Beginning in 1790, the most radical revolutionaries adopted the red flag themselves, to symbolize the blood of those killed in the demonstrations, and to call for the repression of those they considered counter-revolutionary.

question: After the demise of what was the red flag linked to the French Revolution? 

answer: Bastille

question: On what date was the Garde Nationale empowered to hoist a red flag to signal their intervention in a riot? 

answer: October 20, 1789

question: On what date did the Garde Nationale kill as many as fifty people on Champs de Mars? 

answer: July 17, 1791

question: Who wrote the words "Against us they have raised the bloody flag of tyranny?" 

answer: Rouget de Lisle

question: In what year did the most ardent revolutionaries in France adopt a red flag to symbolize the blood of their fallen comrades? 

answer: 1790
Title: Red
Context: Karl Marx published the Communist Manifesto in February 1848, with little attention. However, a few days later the French Revolution of 1848 broke out, which replaced the monarchy of Louis Philippe with the Second French Republic. In June 1848, Paris workers, disenchanted with the new government, built barricades and raised red flags. The new government called in the French Army to put down the uprising, the first of many such confrontations between the army and the new worker's movements in Europe.

question: When was the Communist Manifesto first created? 

answer: February 1848

question: Who wrote the Communist Manifesto? 

answer: Karl Marx

question: The French Revolution resulted in the fall of which monarch? 

answer: Louis Philippe

question: When did the 19th century workers of Paris construct barricades and hoist red flags to protest their new government? 

answer: June 1848

question: Who was tasked with stopping the late 19th century worker uprisings in France? 

answer: the French Army
Title: Red
Context: In 1870, following the stunning defeat of the French Army by the Germans in the Franco-Prussian War, French workers and socialist revolutionaries seized Paris and created the Paris Commune. The Commune lasted for two months before it was crushed by the French Army, with much bloodshed. The original red banners of the Commune became icons of the socialist revolution; in 1921 members of the French Communist Party came to Moscow and presented the new Soviet government with one of the original Commune banners; it was placed (and is still in place) in the tomb of Vladimir Lenin, next to his open coffin.

question: Who was defeated in the Franco-Prussian war? 

answer: the French Army

question: After Paris was seized as a result of the Franco-Prussian war, what did revolutionaries and workers create? 

answer: the Paris Commune

question: For how long did the Paris Commune exist? 

answer: two months

question: Next to whom was a a Paris Commune banner placed? 

answer: Vladimir Lenin

question: In what year did people of the French Communist party go to Moscow to give the Soviet government a Paris Commune banner? 

answer: 1921
Title: Red
Context: In the United States, political commentators often refer to the "red states", which traditionally vote for Republican candidates in presidential elections, and "blue states", which vote for the Democratic candidate. This convention is relatively recent: before the 2000 presidential election, media outlets assigned red and blue to both parties, sometimes alternating the allocation for each election. Fixed usage was established during the 39-day recount following the 2000 election, when the media began to discuss the contest in terms of "red states" versus "blue states".

question: How many days did the recount after the 2000 US election last for? 

answer: 39

question: In the USA red states are known to do what, in terms of politics? 

answer: vote for Republican candidates in presidential elections

question: In what year did the concept of red and blue states become relatively fixed? 

answer: 2000

question: In the United States states that vote for Democratic presidential candidates are known as what? 

answer: blue states
Title: Red
Context: The Communist Party of China, founded in 1920, adopted the red flag and hammer and sickle emblem of the Soviet Union, which became the national symbols when the Party took power in China in 1949. Under Party leader Mao Zedong, the Party anthem became "The East Is Red", and Mao Zedong himself was sometimes referred to as a "red sun". During the Cultural Revolution in China, Party ideology was enforced by the Red Guards, and the sayings of Mao Zedong were published as a small red book in hundreds of millions of copies. Today the Communist Party of China claims to be the largest political party in the world, with eighty million members.

question: In what year was the Community Party of China created? 

answer: 1920

question: The Community Party of China gained power in China, what year did it happen? 

answer: 1949

question: Who was the Party leader of the Communist Party of China when it took power? 

answer: Mao Zedong

question: In terms of the Communist Party of China, what is "The East is Red?" 

answer: the Party anthem

question: How many members does the contemporary Communist Part of China have? 

answer: eighty million members
Title: Red
Context: After the Communist Party of China took power in 1949, the flag of China became a red flag with a large star symbolizing the Communist Party, and smaller stars symbolizing workers, peasants, the urban middle class and rural middle class. The flag of the Communist Party of China became a red banner with a hammer and sickle, similar to that on the Soviet flag. In the 1950s and 1960s, other Communist regimes such as Vietnam and Laos also adopted red flags. Some Communist countries, such as Cuba, chose to keep their old flags; and other countries used red flags which had nothing to do with Communism or socialism; the red flag of Nepal, for instance, represents the national flower.

question: What did the biggest star on the flag of China in 1949 represent? 

answer: the Communist Party

question: What does the red color in the Nepalese flag represent? 

answer: the national flower

question: In the mid 20th century the flag of Laos was primarily what color? 

answer: red

question: Which group gained power in China in 1949? 

answer: the Communist Party of China

question: In what year during the 20th century did the Chinese flag become red? 

answer: 1949
Title: The_Blitz
Context: Between 7 September 1940 and 21 May 1941, 16 British cities suffered aerial raids with at least 100 long tons of high explosives. Over a period of 267 days, London was attacked 71 times, Birmingham, Liverpool and Plymouth eight times, Bristol six, Glasgow five, Southampton four, Portsmouth and Hull three and a minimum of one large raid on eight other cities. This was a result of a rapid escalation starting on 24 August 1940, when night bombers aiming for RAF airfields drifted off course and accidentally destroyed several London homes, killing civilians, combined with the UK Prime Minister Winston Churchill's retaliatory bombing of Berlin on the following night.[clarification needed]

question: What was the beginning date of the aerial raids on Great Britain? 

answer: 7 September 1940

question: How many days did the aerial raids on Great Britain last? 

answer: 267 days

question: How many times was London attacked? 

answer: 71 times

question: Who was the UK Prime Minster at the time of the aerial raids? 

answer: Winston Churchill

question: What city did Winston Churchill bomb in retaliation for the killing of civilians?  

answer: Berlin
Title: The_Blitz
Context: From 7 September 1940, one year into the war, London was bombed by the Luftwaffe for 57 consecutive nights. More than one million London houses were destroyed or damaged and more than 40,000 civilians were killed, almost half of them in London. Ports and industrial centres outside London were also attacked. The main Atlantic sea port of Liverpool was bombed, causing nearly 4,000 deaths within the Merseyside area during the war. The North Sea port of Hull, a convenient and easily found target or secondary target for bombers unable to locate their primary targets, was subjected to 86 raids in the Hull Blitz during the war, with a conservative estimate of 1,200 civilians killed and 95 percent of its housing stock destroyed or damaged. Other ports including Bristol, Cardiff, Portsmouth, Plymouth, Southampton and Swansea were also bombed, as were the industrial cities of Birmingham, Belfast, Coventry, Glasgow, Manchester and Sheffield. Birmingham and Coventry were chosen because of the Spitfire and tank factories in Birmingham and the many munitions factories in Coventry. The city centre of Coventry was almost destroyed, as was Coventry Cathedral.

question: How many nights did the Luftwaffe bomb London? 

answer: 57 consecutive nights

question: What north sea port was the secondary target for bombers that could not find their primary target? 

answer: Sea port of Hull

question: How many homes in London were destroyed in London? 

answer: More than one million

question: How many people were killed in Liverpool? 

answer: nearly 4,000 deaths

question: Which city centre was destroyed? 

answer: Coventry
Title: The_Blitz
Context: The bombing failed to demoralise the British into surrender or significantly damage the war economy. The eight months of bombing never seriously hampered British production and the war industries continued to operate and expand. The Blitz was only authorised when the Luftwaffe had failed to meet preconditions for a 1940 launch of Operation Sea Lion, the provisionally planned German invasion of Britain. By May 1941 the threat of an invasion of Britain had passed, and Hitler's attention had turned to Operation Barbarossa in the East. In comparison to the later Allied bombing campaign against Germany, the Blitz resulted in relatively few casualties; the British bombing of Hamburg in July 1943 inflicted some 42,000 civilian deaths, about the same as the entire Blitz.

question: What was the name of the Luftwaffe plan to invade Britain? 

answer: Operation Sea Lion

question: How many people died in the bombing of Hamburg? 

answer: 42,000

question: What was the date of the bombing of Hamburg? 

answer: July 1943

question: Who was the leader of the Luftwaffe?  

answer: Hitler
Title: The_Blitz
Context: In the 1920s and 1930s, air power theorists Giulio Douhet and Billy Mitchell espoused the idea that air forces could win wars by themselves, without a need for land and sea fighting. It was thought there was no defence against air attack, particularly at night. Enemy industry, their seats of government, factories and communications could be destroyed, effectively taking away their means to resist. It was also thought the bombing of residential centres would cause a collapse of civilian will, which might have led to the collapse of production and civil life. Democracies, where the populace was allowed to show overt disapproval of the ruling government, were thought particularly vulnerable. This thinking was prevalent in both the RAF and what was then known as the United States Army Air Corps (USAAC) between the two world wars. RAF Bomber Command's policy in particular would attempt to achieve victory through the destruction of civilian will, communications and industry.

question: In the 1920's and 30's to theorist thought wars could be won by air forces what were their names? 

answer: Giulio Douhet and Billy Mitchell

question: Bombing of civilian's was believed to cause what? 

answer: collapse of civilian will

question: What does USAAC stand for? 

answer: United States Army Air Corps

question: What kind of populace was believed to be most vulnerable? 

answer: Democracies

question: What kind of bombing raids were most favored? 

answer: night
Title: The_Blitz
Context: Within the Luftwaffe, there was a more muted view of strategic bombing. The OKL did not oppose the strategic bombardment of enemy industries and or cities, and believed it could greatly affect the balance of power on the battlefield in Germany's favour by disrupting production and damaging civilian morale, but they did not believe that air power alone could be decisive. Contrary to popular belief, the Luftwaffe did not have a systematic policy of what became known as "terror bombing". Evidence suggests that the Luftwaffe did not adopt an official bombing policy in which civilians became the primary target until 1942.

question: Who believe air power alone would not be decisive? 

answer: Luftwaffe

question: What was the name of the Luftwaffe's bombing raids? 

answer: terror bombing

question: What year did the terror bombing policy become official? 

answer: 1942
Title: The_Blitz
Context: Wever argued that the Luftwaffe General Staff should not be solely educated in tactical and operational matters. He argued they should be educated in grand strategy, war economics, armament production, and the mentality of potential opponents (also known as mirror imaging). Wever's vision was not realised; the General Staff studies in those subjects fell by the wayside, and the Air Academies focused on tactics, technology, and operational planning, rather than on independent strategic air offensives.

question: Who said the Luftwaffe General Staff should be taught grand strategy? 

answer: Wever

question: What is the mentality of potential opponents also known as? 

answer: mirror imaging

question: What did the Air Academies not focus on? 

answer: independent strategic air offensives

question: What army does the general staff belong to? 

answer: the Luftwaffe
Title: The_Blitz
Context: In 1936, Wever was killed in an air crash. The failure to implement his vision for the new Luftwaffe was largely attributable to his immediate successors. Ex-Army personnel Albert Kesselring and Hans-Jürgen Stumpff are usually blamed for the turning away from strategic planning and focusing on close air support. However, it would seem the two most prominent enthusiasts for the focus on ground-support operations (direct or indirect) were actually Hugo Sperrle and Hans Jeschonnek. These men were long-time professional airmen involved in German air services since early in their careers. The Luftwaffe was not pressured into ground support operations because of pressure from the army, or because it was led by ex-army personnel. It was instead a mission that suited the Luftwaffe's existing approach to warfare; a culture of joint inter-service operations, rather than independent strategic air campaigns.

question: How did Wever die? 

answer: air crash

question: What year did Wever die? 

answer: 1936

question: Who took over for Wever after his death? 

answer: Albert Kesselring and Hans-Jürgen Stumpff

question: What two men were the most important in ground support? 

answer: Hugo Sperrle and Hans Jeschonnek

question: What long time careers were Sperrle and Jeschonnek involved in? 

answer: German air services
Title: The_Blitz
Context: Adolf Hitler failed to pay as much attention to bombing the enemy as he did to protection from enemy bombing, although he had promoted the development of a bomber force in the 1930s and understood that it was possible to use bombers for major strategic purposes. He told the OKL in 1939 that ruthless employment of the Luftwaffe against the heart of the British will to resist could and would follow when the moment was right; however, he quickly developed a lively scepticism toward strategic bombing, confirmed by the results of the Blitz. He frequently complained of the Luftwaffe's inability to damage industries sufficiently, saying, "The munitions industry cannot be interfered with effectively by air raids ... usually the prescribed targets are not hit".

question: What year was the beginning of enemy bombing first promoted by Hitler? 

answer: 1930s

question: Why did Hitler feel the Luftwaffe was unsuccessful in bombing raids? 

answer: prescribed targets are not hit

question: Why did Hitler feel bombing wasn't working? 

answer: inability to damage industries

question: In 1939 Hitler said bombing of Britain would begin when? 

answer: the moment was right

question: Who had skepticism towards strategic bombing?  

answer: Adolf Hitler
Title: The_Blitz
Context: Ultimately, Hitler was trapped within his own vision of bombing as a terror weapon, formed in the 1930s when he threatened smaller nations into accepting German rule rather than submit to air bombardment. This fact had important implications. It showed the extent to which Hitler personally mistook Allied strategy for one of morale breaking instead of one of economic warfare, with the collapse of morale as an additional bonus. Hitler was much more attracted to the political aspects of bombing. As the mere threat of it had produced diplomatic results in the 1930s, he expected that the threat of German retaliation would persuade the Allies to adopt a policy of moderation and not to begin a policy of unrestricted bombing. His hope was — for reasons of political prestige within Germany itself — that the German population would be protected from the Allied bombings. When this proved impossible, he began to fear that popular feeling would turn against his regime, and he redoubled efforts to mount a similar "terror offensive" against Britain in order to produce a stalemate in which both sides would hesitate to use bombing at all.

question: How did Hitler threaten small nations into accepting German rule? 

answer: air bombardment

question: What policy did Hitler hope the bombing of Allies would cause?  

answer: policy of moderation

question: What kind of prestige was Hitler hoping for? 

answer: political

question: Why did Hitler use terror bombing against Britain?  

answer: to produce a stalemate
Title: The_Blitz
Context: A major problem in the managing of the Luftwaffe was Hermann Göring. Hitler believed the Luftwaffe was "the most effective strategic weapon", and in reply to repeated requests from the Kriegsmarine for control over aircraft insisted, "We should never have been able to hold our own in this war if we had not had an undivided Luftwaffe". Such principles made it much harder to integrate the air force into the overall strategy and produced in Göring a jealous and damaging defence of his "empire" while removing Hitler voluntarily from the systematic direction of the Luftwaffe at either the strategic or operational level. When Hitler tried to intervene more in the running of the air force later in the war, he was faced with a political conflict of his own making between himself and Göring, which was not fully resolved until the war was almost over. In 1940 and 1941, Göring's refusal to cooperate with the Kriegsmarine denied the entire Wehrmacht military forces of the Reich the chance to strangle British sea communications, which might have had strategic or decisive effect in the war against the British Empire.

question: Who did Hitler have a conflict over running the air force? 

answer: Hermann Göring

question: What strategy could have worked against the British Empire? 

answer: strangle British sea communications

question: What did the Kriegsmarine try to gain control over? 

answer: aircraft

question: Who did Goring refuse to work with in 1940 and 1941? 

answer: the Kriegsmarine