praj-17/QA-MCQ-Open-ended huggingface dataset:
Title: Spanish_language_in_the_United_States
Context: The state (like its southwestern neighbors) has had close linguistic and cultural ties with Mexico. The state outside the Gadsden Purchase of 1853 was part of the New Mexico Territory until 1863, when the western half was made into the Arizona Territory. The area of the former Gadsden Purchase contained a majority of Spanish-speakers until the 1940s, although the Tucson area had a higher ratio of anglophones (including Mexican Americans who were fluent in English); the continuous arrival of Mexican settlers increases the number of Spanish-speakers.

question: Has some states like Arizona embraced their Mexican history? 

answer: The state (like its southwestern neighbors) has had close linguistic and cultural ties with Mexico

question: What is the states history? 

answer: The state outside the Gadsden Purchase of 1853 was part of the New Mexico Territory until 1863, when the western half was made into the Arizona Territory.

question: Has New Mexico had a majority of Spanish speaking natives. 

answer: The area of the former Gadsden Purchase contained a majority of Spanish-speakers until the 1940s

question: Are Arizona and New Mexico residents speaking Spanish or English? 

answer: the continuous arrival of Mexican settlers increases the number of Spanish-speakers.
Title: Spanish_language_in_the_United_States
Context: New Mexico is commonly thought to have Spanish as an official language alongside English because of its wide usage and legal promotion of Spanish in the state; however, the state has no official language. New Mexico's laws are promulgated bilingually in Spanish and English. Although English is the state government's paper working language, government business is often conducted in Spanish, particularly at the local level. Spanish has been spoken in the New Mexico-Colorado border and the contemporary U.S.–Mexico border since the 16th century.[citation needed]

question: Does New Mexico have an official language? 

answer: the state has no official language.

question: What language is New Mexico's language written in? 

answer: New Mexico's laws are promulgated bilingually in Spanish and English.

question: How long has New Mexico been speaking Spanish? 

answer: Spanish has been spoken in the New Mexico-Colorado border and the contemporary U.S.–Mexico border since the 16th century

question: Is New Mexico known for the Spanish language? 

answer: New Mexico is commonly thought to have Spanish as an official language alongside English because of its wide usage and legal promotion of Spanish in the state
Title: Spanish_language_in_the_United_States
Context: Because of its relative isolation from other Spanish-speaking areas over most of its 400-year existence, New Mexico Spanish, and in particular the Spanish of northern New Mexico and Colorado has retained many elements of 16th- and 17th-century Spanish and has developed its own vocabulary. In addition, it contains many words from Nahuatl, the language spoken by the ancient Aztecs of Mexico. New Mexican Spanish also contains loan words from the Pueblo languages of the upper Rio Grande Valley, Mexican-Spanish words (mexicanismos), and borrowings from English. Grammatical changes include the loss of the second person verb form, changes in verb endings, particularly in the preterite, and partial merging of the second and third conjugations.

question: Why is New Mexico always an after thought in American -Spanish speaking society? 

answer: Because of its relative isolation from other Spanish-speaking areas over most of its 400-year existence

question: Is New Mexico's language different than from other Spanish dialect  

answer: , New Mexico Spanish, and in particular the Spanish of northern New Mexico and Colorado has retained many elements of 16th- and 17th-century Spanish

question: How does New Mexico's Spanish dialect differ? 

answer: has developed its own vocabulary. In addition, it contains many words from Nahuatl, the language spoken by the ancient Aztecs of Mexico.

question: Does New Mexico's language also include other dialect? 

answer: New Mexican Spanish also contains loan words from the Pueblo languages of the upper Rio Grande Valley, Mexican-Spanish words (mexicanismos)

question: Does New Mexico also use language from the  American language when spoken in Spanish? 

answer: borrowings from English. Grammatical changes include the loss of the second person verb form, changes in verb endings
Title: Spanish_language_in_the_United_States
Context: In Texas, English is the state's de facto official language (though it lacks de jure status) and is used in government. However, the continual influx of Spanish-speaking immigrants increased the import of Spanish in Texas. Texas's counties bordering Mexico are mostly Hispanic, and consequently, Spanish is commonly spoken in the region. The Government of Texas, through Section 2054.116 of the Government Code, mandates that state agencies provide information on their websites in Spanish to assist residents who have limited English proficiency.

question: What is Texas official language? 

answer: In Texas, English is the state's de facto official language

question: Are there exceptions to Texas official language? 

answer: , the continual influx of Spanish-speaking immigrants increased the import of Spanish in Texas.

question: How does Texas handle people who don't speak English, but live in Mexico? 

answer: . The Government of Texas, through Section 2054.116 of the Government Code, mandates that state agencies provide information on their websites in Spanish

question: How does this mandate help Spanish speaking residents? 

answer: websites in Spanish to assist residents who have limited English proficiency.
Title: Spanish_language_in_the_United_States
Context: Spanish is currently the most widely taught non-English language in American secondary schools and of higher education. More than 1.4 million university students were enrolled in language courses in autumn of 2002 and Spanish is the most widely taught language in American colleges and universities with 53 percent of the total number of people enrolled, followed by French (14.4%), German (7.1%), Italian (4.5%), American Sign language (4.3%), Japanese (3.7%), and Chinese (2.4%) although the totals remain relatively small in relation to the total U.S population.

question: What language, other than English, is spoken in the U.S.? 

answer: Spanish is currently the most widely taught non-English language

question: Are students taught Spanish in american schools? 

answer: More than 1.4 million university students were enrolled in language courses

question: How popular are Spanish language classes in the U.S,? 

answer: Spanish is the most widely taught language in American colleges and universities with 53 percent of the total number of people enrolled

question: What other languages are popular among American students? 

answer: French (14.4%), German (7.1%), Italian (4.5%), American Sign language (4.3%), Japanese (3.7%), and Chinese (2.4%)

question: Are these other languages learned in the U.S. as popular as Spanish? 

answer: totals remain relatively small in relation to the total U.S population.
Title: Spanish_language_in_the_United_States
Context: The State of the Union Addresses and other presidential speeches are translated to Spanish, following the precedent set by the Bill Clinton administration. Official Spanish translations are available at WhiteHouse.gov. Moreover, non-Hispanic American origin politicians fluent in Spanish-speak in Spanish to Hispanic majority constituencies. There are 500 Spanish newspapers, 152 magazines, and 205 publishers in the United States; magazine and local television advertising expenditures for the Hispanic market have increased much from 1999 to 2003, with growth of 58 percent and 43 percent, respectively.

question: What political speaches are delivered in English and Spanish? 

answer: The State of the Union Addresses and other presidential speeches are translated to Spanish

question: Was this always the case in American political addresses? 

answer: following the precedent set by the Bill Clinton administration. Official Spanish translations are available at WhiteHouse.gov.

question: Does Washington (government) operate in both languages (bilingual-Spanish?) 

answer: politicians fluent in Spanish-speak in Spanish to Hispanic majority constituencies

question: If someone is not bilingual and only speaks Spanish, how do they learn about current events? 

answer: There are 500 Spanish newspapers, 152 magazines, and 205 publishers in the United States; magazine and local television

question: Is the Hispanic population relevant to the American media? 

answer: local television advertising expenditures for the Hispanic market have increased much from 1999 to 2003, with growth of 58 percent and 43 percent, respectively.
Title: Spanish_language_in_the_United_States
Context: Calvin Veltman undertook, for the National Center for Education Statistics and for the Hispanic Policy Development Project, the most complete study of English language adoption by Hispanophone immigrants. Mr Veltman's language shift studies document high bilingualism rates and subsequent adoption of English as the preferred language of Hispanics, particularly by the young and the native-born. The complete set of these studies' demographic projections postulates the near-complete assimilation of a given Hispanophone immigrant cohort within two generations. Although his study based itself upon a large 1976 sample from the Bureau of the Census (which has not been repeated), data from the 1990 Census tend to confirm the great Anglicization of the US Hispanic American origin population.

question: Are there studies on Hispanic-American language? 

answer: Calvin Veltman undertook, for the National Center for Education Statistics and for the Hispanic Policy Development Project

question: What is Calvin Veltman' study about? 

answer: the most complete study of English language adoption by Hispanophone immigrants

question: Is Calvin Veltman' relevant to today's Hispanic Americans? 

answer: his study based itself upon a large 1976 sample from the Bureau of the Census (which has not been repeated),

question: Are there other similar findings similar to Calvin Veltman' for the modern age? 

answer: data from the 1990 Census tend to confirm the great Anglicization of the US Hispanic American origin population.

question: What was Calvin Veltman' findings? 

answer: high bilingualism rates and subsequent adoption of English as the preferred language of Hispanics, particularly by the young and the native-born.
Title: Charleston,_South_Carolina
Context: Charleston is the oldest and second-largest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina, the county seat of Charleston County, and the principal city in the Charleston–North Charleston–Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city lies just south of the geographical midpoint of South Carolina's coastline and is located on Charleston Harbor, an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean formed by the confluence of the Ashley and Cooper Rivers, or, as is locally expressed, "where the Cooper and Ashley Rivers come together to form the Atlantic Ocean."

question: What is the oldest city in South Carolina? 

answer: Charleston

question: What county is Charleston, South Carolina located in? 

answer: Charleston County

question: Charleston is located on what harbor? 

answer: Charleston Harbor

question: Charleston Harbor is an inlet of what ocean? 

answer: Atlantic Ocean

question: What river mergers with the Cooper River to form Charleston Harbor? 

answer: Ashley Rivers

question: What county is Charleston located in? 

answer: Charleston County

question: Charleston Harbor is formed on what ocean? 

answer: Atlantic Ocean

question: What river merges with the Ashley River to from the Charleston Harbor? 

answer: Cooper Rivers
Title: Charleston,_South_Carolina
Context: Founded in 1670 as Charles Town in honor of King Charles II of England, Charleston adopted its present name in 1783. It moved to its present location on Oyster Point in 1680 from a location on the west bank of the Ashley River known as Albemarle Point. By 1690, Charles Town was the fifth-largest city in North America, and it remained among the 10 largest cities in the United States through the 1840 census. With a 2010 census population of 120,083  (and a 2014 estimate of 130,113), current trends put Charleston as the fastest-growing municipality in South Carolina. The population of the Charleston metropolitan area, comprising Berkeley, Charleston, and Dorchester Counties, was counted by the 2014 estimate at 727,689 – the third-largest in the state – and the 78th-largest metropolitan statistical area in the United States.

question: What year was Charleston founded? 

answer: 1670

question: What was Charleston's original name? 

answer: Charles Town

question: Charles Town was named after which king? 

answer: King Charles II of England

question: Where was the city originally located? 

answer: Albemarle Point

question: What was Charleston's population in 2010? 

answer: 120,083

question: What year was Charleston originally founded? 

answer: 1670

question: Who was Charles Town named after? 

answer: King Charles II of England

question: What was the originally name of Charleston? 

answer: Charles Town

question: How many people lived in Charleston in 2010? 

answer: 120,083

question: Where was Charleston's first location? 

answer: Albemarle Point
Title: Charleston,_South_Carolina
Context: According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 127.5 square miles (330.2 km2), of which 109.0 square miles (282.2 km2) is land and 18.5 square miles (47.9 km2) is covered by water. The old city is located on a peninsula at the point where, as Charlestonians say, "The Ashley and the Cooper Rivers come together to form the Atlantic Ocean." The entire peninsula is very low, some is landfill material, and as such, frequently floods during heavy rains, storm surges, and unusually high tides. The city limits have expanded across the Ashley River from the peninsula, encompassing the majority of West Ashley as well as James Island and some of Johns Island. The city limits also have expanded across the Cooper River, encompassing Daniel Island and the Cainhoy area. North Charleston blocks any expansion up the peninsula, and Mount Pleasant occupies the land directly east of the Cooper River.

question: How large is Charleston, South Carolina? 

answer: 127.5 square miles (330.2 km2)

question: Which city blocks Charleston for expanding up the peninsula?  

answer: North Charleston

question: How much of Charleston is covered by water? 

answer: 18.5 square miles (47.9 km2)

question: How of Charleston's total area is dry land? 

answer: 109.0 square miles (282.2 km2)

question: What town occupies the land directly east of the Cooper River? 

answer: Mount Pleasant
Title: Charleston,_South_Carolina
Context: Charleston has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa), with mild winters, hot, humid summers, and significant rainfall all year long. Summer is the wettest season; almost half of the annual rainfall occurs from June to September in the form of thundershowers. Fall remains relatively warm through November. Winter is short and mild, and is characterized by occasional rain. Measurable snow (≥0.1 in or 0.25 cm) only occurs several times per decade at the most, with the last such event occurring December 26, 2010. However, 6.0 in (15 cm) fell at the airport on December 23, 1989, the largest single-day fall on record, contributing to a single-storm and seasonal record of 8.0 in (20 cm) snowfall.

question: What season is the wettest in Charleston? 

answer: Summer

question: In what form does half of Charleston's annual rainfall occur? 

answer: thundershowers

question: What season is characterized as short in Charleston? 

answer: Winter

question: What is Charleston's seasonal record of snowfall? 

answer: 8.0 in (20 cm)

question: What season is considered short in Charleston? 

answer: Winter

question: What is the wettest season in Charleston? 

answer: Summer

question: Half of Charleston's annual rainfall occurs in what form? 

answer: thundershowers

question: How much snow did Charleston's Airport recieve on December, 23 1989? 

answer: 6.0 in (15 cm
Title: Charleston,_South_Carolina
Context: The highest temperature recorded within city limits was 104 °F (40 °C), on June 2, 1985, and June 24, 1944, and the lowest was 7 °F (−14 °C) on February 14, 1899, although at the airport, where official records are kept, the historical range is 105 °F (41 °C) on August 1, 1999 down to 6 °F (−14 °C) on January 21, 1985. Hurricanes are a major threat to the area during the summer and early fall, with several severe hurricanes hitting the area – most notably Hurricane Hugo on September 21, 1989 (a category 4 storm). Dewpoint in the summer ranges from 67.8 to 71.4 °F (20 to 22 °C).

question: What is hottest temperature recorded with Charleston's city limits? 

answer: 104 °F

question: What hurricane hit Charleston in 1989? 

answer: Hurricane Hugo

question: What was the lowest temperature ever recorded Charleston's city limit? 

answer: 7 °F (−14 °C)

question: What type of storm is a major threat to Charleston in the summer and early fall? 

answer: Hurricanes

question: What day did Charleston's airport hit the coldest day on record? 

answer: January 21, 1985
Title: Charleston,_South_Carolina
Context: The Charleston-North Charleston-Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area consists of three counties: Charleston, Berkeley, and Dorchester. As of the 2013 U.S. Census, the metropolitan statistical area had a total population of 712,239 people. North Charleston is the second-largest city in the Charleston-North Charleston-Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area and ranks as the third-largest city in the state; Mount Pleasant and Summerville are the next-largest cities. These cities combined with other incorporated and unincorporated areas along with the city of Charleston form the Charleston-North Charleston Urban Area with a population of 548,404 as of 2010. The metropolitan statistical area also includes a separate and much smaller urban area within Berkeley County, Moncks Corner (with a 2000 population of 9,123).

question: How many people lived in the Charleston=North Charleston Urban Area in 2010? 

answer: 548,404

question: What is the third largest city in South Carolina? 

answer: North Charleston

question: How many people lived in Moncks Corner in 2000? 

answer: 9,123

question: Charleston and Berkeley is combined with what other county to form a metropolitan statistical area? 

answer: Dorchester

question: In which county is Moncks Corner located? 

answer: Berkeley County
Title: Charleston,_South_Carolina
Context: The traditional parish system persisted until the Reconstruction Era, when counties were imposed.[citation needed] Nevertheless, traditional parishes still exist in various capacities, mainly as public service districts. When the city of Charleston was formed, it was defined by the limits of the Parish of St. Philip and St. Michael, now also includes parts of St. James' Parish, St. George's Parish, St. Andrew's Parish, and St. John's Parish, although the last two are mostly still incorporated rural parishes.

question: What era brought counties to South Carolina? 

answer: Reconstruction Era

question: Counties replaced what system in South Carolina? 

answer: traditional parish system

question: What is the main use of the parish system nowadays? 

answer: public service districts

question: The city of Charleston is defined by the limits of the Parish of St. Michael and what other parish? 

answer: Parish of St. Philip

question: What other parish besides St. John's Parish is  mostly an incorporated rural parish?  

answer: St. Andrew's Parish
Title: Charleston,_South_Carolina
Context: After Charles II of England (1630–1685) was restored to the English throne in 1660 following Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate, he granted the chartered Province of Carolina to eight of his loyal friends, known as the Lords Proprietors, on March 24, 1663. It took seven years before the group arranged for settlement expeditions. The first of these founded Charles Town, in 1670. Governance, settlement, and development were to follow a visionary plan known as the Grand Model prepared for the Lords Proprietors by John Locke.

question: What year was Charles Town founded? 

answer: 1670

question: How long did it take to establish settlement expeditions for the Province of Carolina? 

answer: seven years

question: What was the plan to settle and develop the Province of Carolina? 

answer: the Grand Model

question: Who prepared the plan known as "the Grand Model"? 

answer: John Locke

question: When was Charles II of England restored to the throne? 

answer: 1660
Title: Charleston,_South_Carolina
Context: The community was established by several shiploads of settlers from Bermuda (which lies due east of South Carolina, although at 1,030 km or 640 mi, it is closest to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina), under the leadership of governor William Sayle, on the west bank of the Ashley River, a few miles northwest of the present-day city center. It was soon predicted by the Earl of Shaftesbury, one of the Lords Proprietors, to become a "great port towne", a destiny the city quickly fulfilled. In 1680, the settlement was moved east of the Ashley River to the peninsula between the Ashley and Cooper Rivers. Not only was this location more defensible, but it also offered access to a fine natural harbor.

question: Where did Charleston's original settlers come from? 

answer: Bermuda

question: Bermuda is located near which North Carolina town? 

answer: Cape Hatteras

question: Who was the first governor of Charleston? 

answer: William Sayle

question: Who predicted Charleston would become a 'great port towne'? 

answer: Earl of Shaftesbury

question: The settlement was relocated east to what river? 

answer: Ashley River
Title: Charleston,_South_Carolina
Context: The first settlers primarily came from England, its Caribbean colony of Barbados, and its Atlantic colony of Bermuda. Among these were free people of color, born in the West Indies of alliances and marriages between Africans and Englanders, when color lines were looser among the working class in the early colonial years, and some wealthy whites took black consorts or concubines. Charles Town attracted a mixture of ethnic and religious groups. French, Scottish, Irish, and Germans migrated to the developing seacoast town, representing numerous Protestant denominations. Because of the battles between English "royalty" and the Roman Catholic Church, practicing Catholics were not allowed to settle in South Carolina until after the American Revolution. Jews were allowed, and Sephardic Jews migrated to the city in such numbers that by the beginning of the 19th century, the city was home to the largest and wealthiest Jewish community in North America—a status it held until about 1830.

question: What religious group was not allowed to settle in South Carolina? 

answer: Catholics

question: About what year did Charleston cease to have the wealthiest Jewish community in America? 

answer: 1830

question: What European country did many of the first Charleston settlers come from? 

answer: England

question: After what war did the state ban on Catholics end? 

answer: American Revolution

question: Along with Bermuda, what other English colony did many settlers come from? 

answer: Barbados