praj-17/QA-MCQ-Open-ended huggingface dataset:
Title: Premier_League
Context: At the inception of the Premier League in 1992–93, just eleven players named in the starting line-ups for the first round of matches hailed from outside of the United Kingdom or Ireland. By 2000–01, the number of foreign players participating in the Premier League was 36 per cent of the total. In the 2004–05 season the figure had increased to 45 per cent. On 26 December 1999, Chelsea became the first Premier League side to field an entirely foreign starting line-up, and on 14 February 2005 Arsenal were the first to name a completely foreign 16-man squad for a match. By 2009, under 40% of the players in the Premier League were English.

question: Which team in 1999 had a line-up for starting that was consisted of all foreign players? 

answer: On 26 December 1999, Chelsea became the first Premier League side to field an entirely foreign starting line-up,

question: At the beginning of the Premier League how many foreign players were there for the first  round of games? 

answer: At the inception of the Premier League in 1992–93, just eleven players named in the starting line-ups for the first round of matches

question: By the 2000-1 season what was the percentage of foreign players? 

answer: By 2000–01, the number of foreign players participating in the Premier League was 36 per cent of the total.

question: Which team in 2005 had all-foreign team players? 

answer: on 14 February 2005 Arsenal were the first to name a completely foreign 16-man squad for a match

question: In 2009, what percent of the players were English in the Premier League? 

answer: By 2009, under 40% of the players in the Premier League were English.

question: How many of the original Premier League players in the 1992-93 season hailed from outside the UK or Ireland? 

answer: eleven

question: By 2000-01, what percentage of players in the Premier League were from outside the UK and Ireland? 

answer: 36

question: By 2004-05, what percentage of players in the Premier League were from outside the UK and Ireland? 

answer: 45

question: On which date did Chelsea host an entirely foreign starting line-up and therefore become the first team to do so? 

answer: 26 December 1999

question: On which date did Arsenal name a fully foreign 16-man squad for a match? 

answer: 14 February 2005
Title: Premier_League
Context: In response to concerns that clubs were increasingly passing over young English players in favour of foreign players, in 1999, the Home Office tightened its rules for granting work permits to players from countries outside of the European Union. A non-EU player applying for the permit must have played for his country in at least 75 per cent of its competitive 'A' team matches for which he was available for selection during the previous two years, and his country must have averaged at least 70th place in the official FIFA world rankings over the previous two years. If a player does not meet those criteria, the club wishing to sign him may appeal.

question: Why did the Home Office change it rules regardin work permits in 1999? 

answer: In response to concerns that clubs were increasingly passing over young English players in favour of foreign players

question: What was one of their changes? 

answer: A non-EU player applying for the permit must have played for his country in at least 75 per cent of its competitive 'A' team matches

question: What was another requirement of foreign players? 

answer: his country must have averaged at least 70th place in the official FIFA world rankings over the previous two years.

question: Could a club appeal a requirement? 

answer: If a player does not meet those criteria, the club wishing to sign him may appeal.

question: In which year did the Home Office tighten rules on granting work permits to foreign football players? 

answer: 1999

question: For what percent must a player play of the competitive A team matches for which he was available for selection in the previous two years to get a work permit from the Home OFfice? 

answer: 75

question: Over the last two years, what rank must a player's team average at least in order for them to receive a work permit from the Home Office? 

answer: 70th place

question: What can a club do if a player they wish to sign does not meet the Home Office's work permit requirements? 

answer: appeal
Title: Premier_League
Context: Players may only be transferred during transfer windows that are set by the Football Association. The two transfer windows run from the last day of the season to 31 August and from 31 December to 31 January. Player registrations cannot be exchanged outside these windows except under specific licence from the FA, usually on an emergency basis. As of the 2010–11 season, the Premier League introduced new rules mandating that each club must register a maximum 25-man squad of players aged over 21, with the squad list only allowed to be changed in transfer windows or in exceptional circumstances. This was to enable the 'home grown' rule to be enacted, whereby the League would also from 2010 require at least 8 of the named 25 man squad to be made up of 'home-grown players'.

question: When are the transfer windows? 

answer: The two transfer windows run from the last day of the season to 31 August and from 31 December to 31 January.

question: Can players be transferred under an emergency outside the transfer windows? 

answer: Player registrations cannot be exchanged outside these windows except under specific licence from the FA, usually on an emergency basis.

question: What new rule was put into practice during the 2010-11 season? 

answer: As of the 2010–11 season, the Premier League introduced new rules mandating that each club must register a maximum 25-man squad of players aged over 21,

question: Why was this new rule put into effect? 

answer: This was to enable the 'home grown' rule to be enacted,

question: When can a player be transferred? 

answer: Players may only be transferred during transfer windows that are set by the Football Association.

question: During which time can a player be transferred from one European football league to another? 

answer: transfer windows

question: How many transfer windows are available each year from the Football Association? 

answer: two

question: On which basis are transfers outside of transfer windows licenced? 

answer: emergency

question: What is the maximum number of players able to be registered to a Premier League team? 

answer: 25

question: How many of a 25-member Premier League squad must be from the UK or Ireland? 

answer: 8
Title: Premier_League
Context: The record transfer fee for a Premier League player has risen steadily over the lifetime of the competition. Prior to the start of the first Premier League season Alan Shearer became the first British player to command a transfer fee of more than £3 million. The record rose steadily in the Premier League's first few seasons, until Alan Shearer made a record breaking £15 million move to Newcastle United in 1996. The three highest transfer in the sport's history had a Premier League club on the selling end, with Tottenham Hotspur selling Gareth Bale to Real Madrid for £85 million in 2013, Manchester United's sale of Cristiano Ronaldo to Real Madrid for £80 million in 2009, and Liverpool selling Luis Suárez to Barcelona for £75 million in 2014.

question: Have transfer fees been increasing over the past years? 

answer: The record transfer fee for a Premier League player has risen steadily over the lifetime of the competition.

question: What was the record breaking transfer fee in 1996? 

answer: Alan Shearer made a record breaking £15 million move to Newcastle United in 1996.

question: In 2009, what was the transfer fee for Cristiano Ronaldo? 

answer: Manchester United's sale of Cristiano Ronaldo to Real Madrid for £80 million in 2009,

question: What was the transfer fee for Gareth Bale in 2013. 

answer: Tottenham Hotspur selling Gareth Bale to Real Madrid for £85 million in 2013,

question: What was Luis Suarez's transfer fee in 2014? 

answer: Liverpool selling Luis Suárez to Barcelona for £75 million in 2014.

question: Who was the first British player in the Premier League to receive a transfer fee greater than £3 million? 

answer: Alan Shearer

question: Who was the first British player in the Premier League to receive a transfer fee greater than £15 million? 

answer: Alan Shearer

question: Who paid £15 million to transfer Alan Shearer to their club? 

answer: Newcastle United

question: In which year did Newcastle United pay £15 million to transfer Alan Shearer to their club? 

answer: 1996

question: For how much did Tottenham Hotspur sell Gareth Bale to Real Madrid for in 2013? 

answer: £85 million
Title: Premier_League
Context: The Golden Boot is awarded to the top Premier League scorer at the end of each season. Former Blackburn Rovers and Newcastle United striker Alan Shearer holds the record for most Premier League goals with 260. Twenty-four players have reached the 100-goal mark. Since the first Premier League season in 1992–93, 14 different players from 10 different clubs have won or shared the top scorers title. Thierry Henry won his fourth overall scoring title by scoring 27 goals in the 2005–06 season. Andrew Cole and Alan Shearer hold the record for most goals in a season (34) – for Newcastle and Blackburn respectively. Ryan Giggs of Manchester United holds the record for scoring goals in consecutive seasons, having scored in the first 21 seasons of the league.

question: Who is the Golden Boot award given to each season? 

answer: The Golden Boot is awarded to the top Premier League scorer at the end of each season.

question: Who has the record for most goals in the Premier League? 

answer: Newcastle United striker Alan Shearer holds the record for most Premier League goals with 260

question: How many players have achieved 100 goals? 

answer: Twenty-four players have reached the 100-goal mark

question: How many different players have won the top scorer title? 

answer: 14 different players from 10 different clubs have won or shared the top scorers title.

question: Who has the record for scoring the most goals in single season? 

answer: Andrew Cole and Alan Shearer hold the record for most goals in a season (34) – for Newcastle and Blackburn respectively.

question: To whom is the Golden Boot award given to? 

answer: the top Premier League scorer

question: Who holds the record for the most goals in the Premier League? 

answer: 260

question: How many players have 100 goals or more in the Premier League? 

answer: Twenty-four

question: How many different players have won or shared the top scorer title in the Premier League? 

answer: 14

question: Who had scored four overall scoring titles as of the 2006 season? 

answer: Thierry Henry
Title: Premier_League
Context: Its main body is solid sterling silver and silver gilt, while its plinth is made of malachite, a semi-precious stone. The plinth has a silver band around its circumference, upon which the names of the title-winning clubs are listed. Malachite's green colour is also representative of the green field of play. The design of the trophy is based on the heraldry of Three Lions that is associated with English football. Two of the lions are found above the handles on either side of the trophy – the third is symbolised by the captain of the title winning team as he raises the trophy, and its gold crown, above his head at the end of the season. The ribbons that drape the handles are presented in the team colours of the league champions that year.

question: What is the Premier League Championship trophy based on? 

answer: The design of the trophy is based on the heraldry of Three Lions that is associated with English football.

question: Where on the trophy can two of the lions be seen? 

answer: Two of the lions are found above the handles on either side of the trophy

question: Where can the third lion be seen? 

answer: the third is symbolised by the captain of the title winning team as he raises the trophy, and its gold crown, above his head at the end of the season

question: What do the ribbons on the trophy mean? 

answer: The ribbons that drape the handles are presented in the team colours of the league champions that year.

question: The Golden Boot is made of sterling silver, silver gilt and which semi-precious stone? 

answer: malachite

question: On what type of metal band are the title-winning clubs listed on the Golden Boot? 

answer: silver

question: What does the green colour of Malachite on the Golden Boot represent? 

answer: the green field of play

question: How many lions are found on the Golden Boot? 

answer: Two

question: Who symbolizes the third lion not found on the Golden Boot trophy? 

answer: the captain of the title winning team
Title: Roman_Republic
Context: The Roman Republic (Latin: Res publica Romana; Classical Latin: [ˈreːs ˈpuːb.lɪ.ka roːˈmaː.na]) was the period of ancient Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom, traditionally dated to 509 BC, and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire. It was during this period that Rome's control expanded from the city's immediate surroundings to hegemony over the entire Mediterranean world. During the first two centuries of its existence, the Roman Republic expanded through a combination of conquest and alliance, from central Italy to the entire Italian peninsula. By the following century, it included North Africa, Spain, and what is now southern France. Two centuries after that, towards the end of the 1st century BC, it included the rest of modern France, Greece, and much of the eastern Mediterranean. By this time, internal tensions led to a series of civil wars, culminating with the assassination of Julius Caesar, which led to the transition from republic to empire. The exact date of transition can be a matter of interpretation. Historians have variously proposed Julius Caesar's crossing of the Rubicon River in 49 BC, Caesar's appointment as dictator for life in 44 BC, and the defeat of Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC. However, most use the same date as did the ancient Romans themselves, the Roman Senate's grant of extraordinary powers to Octavian and his adopting the title Augustus in 27 BC, as the defining event ending the Republic.

question: When did the Roman Republic begin? 

answer: 509 BC

question: When did the Roman Republic end? 

answer: 27 BC

question: What marked the beginning of the Roman Republic? 

answer: the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom

question: When was Cleopatra defeated at the Battle of Actium? 

answer: 31 BC

question: What do most consider to be the event that ended the Roman Republic? 

answer: Roman Senate's grant of extraordinary powers to Octavian
Title: Roman_Republic
Context: Roman government was headed by two consuls, elected annually by the citizens and advised by a senate composed of appointed magistrates. As Roman society was very hierarchical by modern standards, the evolution of the Roman government was heavily influenced by the struggle between the patricians, Rome's land-holding aristocracy, who traced their ancestry to the founding of Rome, and the plebeians, the far more numerous citizen-commoners. Over time, the laws that gave patricians exclusive rights to Rome's highest offices were repealed or weakened, and leading plebeian families became full members of the aristocracy. The leaders of the Republic developed a strong tradition and morality requiring public service and patronage in peace and war, making military and political success inextricably linked. Many of Rome's legal and legislative structures (later codified into the Justinian Code, and again into the Napoleonic Code) can still be observed throughout Europe and much of the world in modern nation states and international organizations.

question: Who elected consuls in the Roman government? 

answer: citizens

question: Who eventually became full members of the aristocracy? 

answer: leading plebeian families

question: What were Rome's legislative structures eventually turned into? 

answer: the Justinian Code

question: What was the senate that advised consuls in the Roman government comprised of? 

answer: appointed magistrates

question: What went hand and hand with military success? 

answer: political success
Title: Roman_Republic
Context: The exact causes and motivations for Rome's military conflicts and expansions during the republic are subject to wide debate. While they can be seen as motivated by outright aggression and imperialism, historians typically take a much more nuanced view. They argue that Rome's expansion was driven by short-term defensive and inter-state factors (that is, relations with city-states and kingdoms outside Rome's hegemony), and the new contingencies that these decisions created. In its early history, as Rome successfully defended itself against foreign threats in central and then northern Italy, neighboring city-states sought the protection a Roman alliance would bring. As such, early republican Rome was not an "empire" or "state" in the modern sense, but an alliance of independent city-states (similar to the Greek hegemonies of the same period) with varying degrees of genuine independence (which itself changed over time) engaged in an alliance of mutual self-protection, but led by Rome. With some important exceptions, successful wars in early republican Rome generally led not to annexation or military occupation, but to the restoration of the way things were. But the defeated city would be weakened (sometimes with outright land concessions) and thus less able to resist Romanizing influences, such as Roman settlers seeking land or trade with the growing Roman confederacy. It was also less able to defend itself against its non-Roman enemies, which made attack by these enemies more likely. It was, therefore, more likely to seek an alliance of protection with Rome.

question: What factor is considered by some to be the main driving force behind the expansion of Rome? 

answer: inter-state factors

question: What type of policy is considered by some to be responsible for Rome's many military conflicts? 

answer: imperialism

question: What was a common conclusion to wars in the early days of republican Rome? 

answer: restoration of the way things were

question: What type of alliance was created between the various Roman city-states? 

answer: mutual self-protection

question: What did Roman settlers commonly seek out? 

answer: land
Title: Roman_Republic
Context: This growing coalition expanded the potential enemies that Rome might face, and moved Rome closer to confrontation with major powers. The result was more alliance-seeking, on the part of both the Roman confederacy and city-states seeking membership (and protection) within that confederacy. While there were exceptions to this (such as military rule of Sicily after the First Punic War), it was not until after the Second Punic War that these alliances started to harden into something more like an empire, at least in certain locations. This shift mainly took place in parts of the west, such as the southern Italian towns that sided with Hannibal.

question: After what war did the alliances start to solidify? 

answer: Second Punic War

question: What helped Rome move closer to a confrontation with several other major powers in the area? 

answer: This growing coalition

question: What towns had chosen Hannibal's side? 

answer: southern Italian

question: What did city-states hope to gain from the Roman confederacy? 

answer: membership (and protection)
Title: Roman_Republic
Context: In contrast, Roman expansion into Spain and Gaul occurred as a mix of alliance-seeking and military occupation. In the 2nd century BC, Roman involvement in the Greek east remained a matter of alliance-seeking, but this time in the face of major powers that could rival Rome. According to Polybius, who sought to trace how Rome came to dominate the Greek east in less than a century, this was mainly a matter of several Greek city-states seeking Roman protection against the Macedonian kingdom and Seleucid Empire in the face of destabilisation created by the weakening of Ptolemaic Egypt. In contrast to the west, the Greek east had been dominated by major empires for centuries, and Roman influence and alliance-seeking led to wars with these empires that further weakened them and therefore created an unstable power vacuum that only Rome could fill. This had some important similarities to (and important differences from) the events in Italy centuries earlier, but this time on a global scale.

question: What effect did the weakening of Ptolemaic Egypt have on nearby areas? 

answer: destabilisation

question: Who attempted to find out how Rome dominated the Greek east? 

answer: Polybius

question: Why was Rome involved in matters in the Greek east? 

answer: alliance-seeking

question: Which countries citie-states attempted to gain the protection of Rome? 

answer: Greek
Title: Roman_Republic
Context: Historians see the growing Roman influence over the east, as with the west, as not a matter of intentional empire-building, but constant crisis management narrowly focused on short-term goals within a highly unstable, unpredictable, and inter-dependent network of alliances and dependencies. With some major exceptions of outright military rule, the Roman Republic remained an alliance of independent city-states and kingdoms (with varying degrees of independence, both de jure and de facto) until it transitioned into the Roman Empire. It was not until the time of the Roman Empire that the entire Roman world was organized into provinces under explicit Roman control.

question: What was seen as the behind the Roman influence in the east? 

answer: crisis management

question: At what point was the entire Roman world joined together under Roman control? 

answer: the time of the Roman Empire

question: What was not seen as an influence of Rome's influence in the west? 

answer: intentional empire-building

question: What type of city-states were involved with the Roman Republic? 

answer: independent
Title: Roman_Republic
Context: The first Roman republican wars were wars of both expansion and defence, aimed at protecting Rome itself from neighbouring cities and nations and establishing its territory in the region. Initially, Rome's immediate neighbours were either Latin towns and villages, or else tribal Sabines from the Apennine hills beyond. One by one Rome defeated both the persistent Sabines and the local cities, both those under Etruscan control and those that had cast off their Etruscan rulers. Rome defeated Latin cities in the Battle of Lake Regillus in 496 BC, the Battle of Mons Algidus in 458 BC, the Battle of Corbione in 446 BC, the Battle of Aricia, and especially the Battle of the Cremera in 477 BC wherein it fought against the most important Etruscan city of Veii.

question: In what battle did Rome claim victory over several Latin cities in? 

answer: the Battle of Lake Regillus

question: What year did the Battle of Lake Regillus take place? 

answer: 496 BC

question: In what year did Rome claim victory against the city of Veii? 

answer: 477 BC

question: What Roman battle took place in the year 446 BC? 

answer: the Battle of Corbione

question: Who initially had control over the Sabines? 

answer: Etruscan control