praj-17/QA-MCQ-Open-ended huggingface dataset:
Title: Cyprus
Context: As soon as the Greek War of Independence broke out in 1821, several Greek Cypriots left for Greece to join the Greek forces. In response, the Ottoman governor of Cyprus arrested and executed 486 prominent Greek Cypriots, including the Archbishop of Cyprus, Kyprianos and four other bishops. In 1828, modern Greece's first president Ioannis Kapodistrias called for union of Cyprus with Greece, and numerous minor uprisings took place. Reaction to Ottoman misrule led to uprisings by both Greek and Turkish Cypriots, although none were successful. After centuries of neglect by the Turks, the unrelenting poverty of most of the people, and the ever-present tax collectors fuelled Greek nationalism, and by the 20th century idea of enosis, or union, with newly independent Greece was firmly rooted among Greek Cypriots.

question: What year did the Greek war of independence break out? 

answer: 1821

question: How many Greek Cypriots were arrested and executed by the Ottoman governor of Cyprus? 

answer: 486

question: Who was modern Greece's first president? 

answer: Ioannis Kapodistrias

question: What did Ioannis Kapodistrias call for? 

answer: union of Cyprus with Greece
Title: Cyprus
Context: The island would serve Britain as a key military base for its colonial routes. By 1906, when the Famagusta harbour was completed, Cyprus was a strategic naval outpost overlooking the Suez Canal, the crucial main route to India which was then Britain's most important overseas possession. Following the outbreak of the First World War and the decision of the Ottoman Empire to join the war on the side of the Central Powers, on 5 November 1914 the British Empire formally annexed Cyprus and declared the Ottoman Khedivate of Egypt and Sudan a Sultanate and British protectorate.

question: The island of Cyprus serves as a key military base to what western country? 

answer: Britain

question: What years was the Famagusta harbour completed? 

answer: 1906

question: Cyprus was a naval outpost which overlooked what canal? 

answer: Suez Canal

question: Which side did the Ottoman Empire join in World War 1? 

answer: Central Powers
Title: Cyprus
Context: The Greek Cypriot population, meanwhile, had become hopeful that the British administration would lead to enosis. The idea of enosis was historically part of the Megali Idea, a greater political ambition of a Greek state encompassing the territories with Greek inhabitants in the former Ottoman Empire, including Cyprus and Asia Minor with a capital in Constantinople, and was actively pursued by the Cypriot Orthodox Church, which had its members educated in Greece. These religious officials, together with Greek military officers and professionals, some of whom still pursued the Megali Idea, would later found the guerrilla organisation Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston or National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters (EOKA). The Greek Cypriots viewed the island as historically Greek and believed that union with Greece was a natural right. In the 1950s, the pursuit of enosis became a part of the Greek national policy,

question: The Megali Idea was actively pursued by whom? 

answer: Cypriot Orthodox Church

question: Historically, the idea of enosis was part of which other idea? 

answer: Megali Idea

question: What guerrilla organization was founded by religious officials and military officers? 

answer: Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston or National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters (EOKA).

question: In what year decade did the pursuit of enosis become a part of national Greek policy? 

answer: 1950s
Title: Cyprus
Context: Initially, the Turkish Cypriots favoured the continuation of the British rule. However, they were alarmed by the Greek Cypriot calls for enosis as they saw the union of Crete with Greece, which led to the exodus of Cretan Turks, as a precedent to be avoided, and they took a pro-partition stance in response to the militant activity of EOKA. The Turkish Cypriots also viewed themselves as a distinct ethnic group of the island and believed in their having a separate right to self-determination from Greek Cypriots. Meanwhile, in the 1950s, Turkish leader Menderes considered Cyprus an "extension of Anatolia", rejected the partition of Cyprus along ethnic lines and favoured the annexation of the whole island to Turkey. Nationalistic slogans centred on the idea that "Cyprus is Turkish" and the ruling party declared Cyprus to be a part of the Turkish homeland that was vital to its security. Upon realising the fact that the Turkish Cypriot population was only 20% of the islanders made annexation unfeasible, the national policy was changed to favour partition. The slogan "Partition or Death" was frequently used in Turkish Cypriot and Turkish protests starting in the late 1950s and continuing throughout the 1960s. Although after the Zürich and London conferences Turkey seemed to accept the existence of the Cypriot state and to distance itself from its policy of favouring the partition of the island, the goal of the Turkish and Turkish Cypriot leaders remained that of creating an independent Turkish state in the northern part of the island.

question: Who viewed themselves as a distinct ethnic group of the island of Cyprus? 

answer: Turkish Cypriots

question: Initially Turkish Cypriots favoured the continued rule of what Western power? 

answer: British

question: What percentage of the population did Turkish Cypriots make up? 

answer: 20%

question: What slogan was frequently used in Turkish Cypriot protests? 

answer: "Partition or Death"
Title: Cyprus
Context: In January 1950, the Church of Cyprus organised a referendum under the supervision of clerics and with no Turkish Cypriot participation, where 96% of the participating Greek Cypriots voted in favour of enosis, The Greeks were 80.2% of the total island' s population at the time (census 1946). Restricted autonomy under a constitution was proposed by the British administration but eventually rejected. In 1955 the EOKA organisation was founded, seeking union with Greece through armed struggle. At the same time the Turkish Resistance Organisation (TMT), calling for Taksim, or partition, was established by the Turkish Cypriots as a counterweight. The British had also adopted at the time a policy of "divide and rule". Woodhouse, a British official in Cyprus, revealed that then British Foreign Secretary Harold Macmillan "urged the Britons in Cyprus to stir up the Turks in order to neutralise Greek agitation". British officials also tolerated the creation of the Turkish underground organisation T.M.T. The Secretary of State for the Colonies in a letter dated 15 July 1958 had advised the Governor of Cyprus not to act against T.M.T despite its illegal actions so as not to harm British relations with the Turkish government.

question: In what year did the Church of Cyprus organize a referendum? 

answer: 1950

question: In 1946, the Greeks made up what percent of Cyprus' population? 

answer: 80.2%

question: In what year was the EOKA organization founded? 

answer: 1955

question: What is the name of the policy that the British adopted? 

answer: "divide and rule"
Title: Cyprus
Context: On 16 August 1960, Cyprus attained independence after the Zürich and London Agreement between the United Kingdom, Greece and Turkey. Cyprus had a total population of 573,566; of whom 442,138 (77.1%) were Greeks, 104,320 (18.2%) Turks, and 27,108 (4.7%) others  The UK retained the two Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia, while government posts and public offices were allocated by ethnic quotas, giving the minority Turkish Cypriots a permanent veto, 30% in parliament and administration, and granting the three mother-states guarantor rights.

question: Which countries were part of the Zurich and London Agreement? 

answer: United Kingdom, Greece and Turkey

question: What was Cyprus' total population when it gained independence? 

answer: 573,566

question: What is the date that Cyrpus attained independence? 

answer: 16 August 1960

question: What was the percentage of Greeks in the Cyprus population? 

answer: (77.1%

question: What was the percentage of Turks in the Cyprus population? 

answer: 18.2%
Title: Cyprus
Context: However, the division of power as foreseen by the constitution soon resulted in legal impasses and discontent on both sides, and nationalist militants started training again, with the military support of Greece and Turkey respectively. The Greek Cypriot leadership believed that the rights given to Turkish Cypriots under the 1960 constitution were too extensive and designed the Akritas plan, which was aimed at reforming the constitution in favour of Greek Cypriots, persuading the international community about the correctness of the changes and violently subjugating Turkish Cypriots in a few days should they not accept the plan. Tensions were heightened when Cypriot President Archbishop Makarios III called for constitutional changes, which were rejected by Turkey and opposed by Turkish Cypriots.

question: National militants had the support of what two countries? 

answer: Greece and Turkey

question: What was the goal of the Akritas plan? 

answer: reforming the constitution in favour of Greek Cypriots

question: Which president called for constitutional changes? 

answer: President Archbishop Makarios

question: Who rejected the constitutional changes proposed by President Archbishop Makarios? 

answer: Turkey
Title: Cyprus
Context: Intercommunal violence erupted on December 21, 1963, when two Turkish Cypriots were killed at an incident involving the Greek Cypriot police. The violence resulted in the death of 364 Turkish and 174 Greek Cypriots, destruction of 109 Turkish Cypriot or mixed villages and displacement of 25,000-30,000 Turkish Cypriots. The crisis resulted in the end of the Turkish Cypriot involvement in the administration and their claiming that it had lost its legitimacy; the nature of this event is still controversial. In some areas, Greek Cypriots prevented Turkish Cypriots from travelling and entering government buildings, while some Turkish Cypriots willingly withdrew due to the calls of the Turkish Cypriot administration. Turkish Cypriots started living in enclaves; the republic's structure was changed unilaterally by Makarios and Nicosia was divided by the Green Line, with the deployment of UNFICYP troops.

question: In December of what year did intercommunal violence erupt? 

answer: 1963

question: The violence beginning in 1963 resulted in the deaths of many Turks? 

answer: 364

question: How many Turkish Cypriots were displaced due to the violence? 

answer: 25,000-30,

question: Turkish Cypriots were prevented from doing what? 

answer: travelling and entering government buildings
Title: Cyprus
Context: In 1964, Turkey tried to invade Cyprus in response to the continuing Cypriot intercommunal violence. But Turkey was stopped by a strongly worded telegram from the US President Lyndon B. Johnson on 5 June, warning that the US would not stand beside Turkey in case of a consequential Soviet invasion of Turkish territory. Meanwhile, by 1964, enosis was a Greek policy that could not be abandoned; Makarios and the Greek prime minister Georgios Papandreou agreed that enosis should be the ultimate aim and King Constantine wished Cyprus "a speedy union with the mother country". Greece dispatched 10,000 troops to Cyprus to counter a possible Turkish invasion.

question: Who tried to invade Cyprus in 1964? 

answer: Turkey

question: Which US President prevented Turkey from invading Cyprus? 

answer: Lyndon B. Johnson

question: What policy could not be abandoned in 1964? 

answer: enosis

question: How many troops did Greece send to Cyprus? 

answer: 10,000
Title: Cyprus
Context: On 15 July 1974, the Greek military junta under Dimitrios Ioannides carried out a coup d'état in Cyprus, to unite the island with Greece. The coup ousted president Makarios III and replaced him with pro-enosis nationalist Nikos Sampson. In response to the coup, five days later, on 20 July 1974, the Turkish army invaded the island, citing a right to intervene to restore the constitutional order from the 1960 Treaty of Guarantee. This justification has been rejected by the United Nations and the international community.

question: What date was a coup d'etat carried out in Cyprus? 

answer: 15 July 1974

question: Who lead the coup d'etat attempt? 

answer: Dimitrios Ioannides

question: Who replaced president Makarios Ill? 

answer: Nikos Sampson

question: What did the Turkish army to do respond to the coup d'etat? 

answer: invaded the island

question: Which organization rejected the justification used by Turkey to invade? 

answer: United Nations
Title: Cyprus
Context: Three days later, when a ceasefire had been agreed, Turkey had landed 30,000 troops on the island and captured Kyrenia, the corridor linking Kyrenia to Nicosia, and the Turkish Cypriot quarter of Nicosia itself. The junta in Athens, and then the Sampson regime in Cyprus fell from power. In Nicosia, Glafkos Clerides assumed the presidency and constitutional order was restored, removing the pretext for the Turkish invasion. But after the peace negotiations in Geneva, the Turkish government reinforced their Kyrenia bridgehead and started a second invasion on 14 August. The invasion resulted in the seizure of Morphou, Karpass, Famagusta and the Mesaoria.

question: What did the Turkish troops capture first on the island? 

answer: Kyrenia

question: What was the date of the second Turkish invasion? 

answer: 14 August

question: What locations were seized in the second invasion? 

answer: Morphou, Karpass, Famagusta and the Mesaoria
Title: Cyprus
Context: International pressure led to a ceasefire, and by then 37% of the island had been taken over by the Turks and 180,000 Greek Cypriots had been evicted from their homes in the north. At the same time, around 50,000 Turkish Cypriots moved to the areas under the control of the Turkish Forces and settled in the properties of the displaced Greek Cypriots. Among a variety of sanctions against Turkey, in mid-1975 the US Congress imposed an arms embargo on Turkey for using American-supplied equipment during the Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974. There are 1,534 Greek Cypriots and 502 Turkish Cypriots missing as a result of the fighting.

question: How much of the island was controlled by Turks after international pressure led to a ceasefire? 

answer: 37%

question: How many Greek Cypriots had been displaced from their homes? 

answer: 180,000

question: How many Turkish Cypriots moved into areas that were under Turkish control? 

answer: 50,000

question: In what year did the US impose an arms embargo on Turkey? 

answer: 1975

question: Why did the US impose an arms embargo on Turkey? 

answer: using American-supplied equipment during the Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974
Title: Cyprus
Context: The events of the summer of 1974 dominate the politics on the island, as well as Greco-Turkish relations. Around 150,000 settlers from Turkey are believed to be living in the north—many of whom were forced from Turkey by the Turkish government—in violation of the Geneva Convention and various UN resolutions. Following the invasion and the capture of its northern territory by Turkish troops, the Republic of Cyprus announced that all of its ports of entry in the north were closed, as they were effectively not under its control.[citation needed]

question: How many settlers from Turkey were living in the north? 

answer: 150,000

question: What terms did the Turkish government violate by sending people? 

answer: Geneva Convention and various UN resolutions

question: What happened to ports on Cyprus after capture of its northern territory by Turkish troops? 

answer: all of its ports of entry in the north were closed
Title: Cyprus
Context: The Turkish invasion, followed by occupation and the declaration of independence of the TRNC have been condemned by United Nations resolutions, which are reaffirmed by the Security Council every year. The last major effort to settle the Cyprus dispute was the Annan Plan in 2004, drafted by the then Secretary General, Kofi Annan. The plan was put to a referendum in both Northern Cyprus and the Republic of Cyprus. 65% of Turkish Cypriots voted in support of the plan and 74% Greek Cypriots voted against the plan, claiming that it disproportionately favoured the Turkish side. In total, 66.7% of the voters rejected the Annan Plan V. On 1 May 2004 Cyprus joined the European Union, together with nine other countries. Cyprus was accepted into the EU as a whole, although the EU legislation is suspended in the territory occupied by Turkey (TRNC), until a final settlement of the Cyprus problem. In July 2006, the island served as a haven for people fleeing Lebanon, due to the conflict between Israel and Hezbollah (also called "The July War").

question: In what year did the last major effort to settle the Cyprus dispute take place? 

answer: 2004

question: In 2006 people fled to Cyprus from what country? 

answer: Lebanon

question: In what year did Cyprus join the European Union? 

answer: 2004

question: How many Turkish Cypriots voted for the Annan Plan in 2004? 

answer: 65%

question: How many Greek Cypriots voted against the Annan Plan in 2004? 

answer: 74%
Title: Cyprus
Context: The physical relief of the island is dominated by two mountain ranges, the Troodos Mountains and the smaller Kyrenia Range, and the central plain they encompass, the Mesaoria. The Mesaoria plain is drained by the Pedieos River, the longest on the island. The Troodos Mountains cover most of the southern and western portions of the island and account for roughly half its area. The highest point on Cyprus is Mount Olympus at 1,952 m (6,404 ft), located in the centre of the Troodos range. The narrow Kyrenia Range, extending along the northern coastline, occupies substantially less area, and elevations are lower, reaching a maximum of 1,024 m (3,360 ft). The island lies within the Anatolian Plate.

question: What two mountains ranges are located on the island of Cyprus? 

answer: Troodos Mountains and the smaller Kyrenia Range

question: What plain is located in between the Troodos Mountains and the Kyrenia Range? 

answer: the Mesaoria

question: Which river drains the Mesaoria plain? 

answer: Pedieos River

question: What is the highest point on the island of Cyprus? 

answer: Mount Olympus

question: How tall is Mount Olympus? 

answer: 1,952 m (6,404 ft)
Title: Cyprus
Context: Cyprus has one of the warmest climates in the Mediterranean part of the European Union.[citation needed] The average annual temperature on the coast is around 24 °C (75 °F) during the day and 14 °C (57 °F) at night. Generally, summers last about eight months, beginning in April with average temperatures of 21–23 °C (70–73 °F) during the day and 11–13 °C (52–55 °F) at night, and ending in November with average temperatures of 22–23 °C (72–73 °F) during the day and 12–14 °C (54–57 °F) at night, although in the remaining four months temperatures sometimes exceed 20 °C (68 °F).

question: In Cyprus, what is the average temperature during the day? 

answer: 24 °C (75 °F)

question: What type of climate does Cyprus have? 

answer: one of the warmest climates in the Mediterranean

question: What month typically marks the end of summer on Cyprus? 

answer: November

question: How long do summers generally last on Cyprus? 

answer: eight months
Title: Cyprus
Context: Among all cities in the Mediterranean part of the European Union, Limassol has one of the warmest winters, in the period January – February average temperature is 17–18 °C (63–64 °F) during the day and 7–8 °C (45–46 °F) at night, in other coastal locations in Cyprus is generally 16–17 °C (61–63 °F) during the day and 6–8 °C (43–46 °F) at night. During March, Limassol has average temperatures of 19–20 °C (66–68 °F) during the day and 9–11 °C (48–52 °F) at night, in other coastal locations in Cyprus is generally 17–19 °C (63–66 °F) during the day and 8–10 °C (46–50 °F) at night.

question: Which cities has one of the warmest winters in the European Union? 

answer: Limassol

question: What is the average day emperature of Limassol during winter? 

answer: 17–18 °C (63–64 °F)

question: What is the general temperature of coastal location during the night? 

answer: 6–8 °C (43–46 °F)
Title: Cyprus
Context: The middle of summer is hot – in July and August on the coast the average temperature is usually around 33 °C (91 °F) during the day and around 22 °C (72 °F) at night (inland, in the highlands average temperature exceeds 35 °C (95 °F)) while in the June and September on the coast the average temperature is usually around 30 °C (86 °F) during the day and around 20 °C (68 °F) at night in Limassol, while is usually around 28 °C (82 °F) during the day and around 18 °C (64 °F) at night in Paphos. Large fluctuations in temperature are rare. Inland temperatures are more extreme, with colder winters and hotter summers compared with the coast of the island.

question: When does the middle of summer occur on Cyprus? 

answer: July and August

question: What is the average day temperature on the coast during summer? 

answer: 33 °C (91 °F)

question: What is the average day temperature on the coast in June and September? 

answer: 30 °C (86 °F)

question: Where are temperatures more extreme compared to the coast of Cyprus? 

answer: Inland
Title: Cyprus
Context: Cyprus suffers from a chronic shortage of water. The country relies heavily on rain to provide household water, but in the past 30 years average yearly precipitation has decreased. Between 2001 and 2004, exceptionally heavy annual rainfall pushed water reserves up, with supply exceeding demand, allowing total storage in the island's reservoirs to rise to an all-time high by the start of 2005. However, since then demand has increased annually – a result of local population growth, foreigners moving to Cyprus and the number of visiting tourists – while supply has fallen as a result of more frequent droughts.

question: When did Cyprus receive enough rainfall to fill up their water reserves? 

answer: Between 2001 and 2004

question: What do people living in Cyprus rely on for household water? 

answer: rain

question: Why has the water supply shrunk in previous years? 

answer: more frequent droughts

question: What resource is scarce on Cyprus? 

answer: water

question: Why has demand for water increased annually on Cyprus? 

answer: local population growth, foreigners moving to Cyprus and the number of visiting tourists
Title: Cyprus
Context: Dams remain the principal source of water both for domestic and agricultural use; Cyprus has a total of 107 dams (plus one currently under construction) and reservoirs, with a total water storage capacity of about 330,000,000 m3 (1.2×1010 cu ft). Water desalination plants are gradually being constructed to deal with recent years of prolonged drought. The Government has invested heavily in the creation of water desalination plants which have supplied almost 50 per cent of domestic water since 2001. Efforts have also been made to raise public awareness of the situation and to encourage domestic water users to take more responsibility for the conservation of this increasingly scarce commodity.

question: What do the people of Cyprus rely on for domestic and agricultural supply of water? 

answer: Dams

question: What is the total number of completed dams located on Cyprus? 

answer: 107

question: What is the capacity of water that the dams on Cyprus can hold? 

answer: 330,000,000 m3 (1.2×1010 cu ft).

question: What percentage of domestic water do desalination plants provide on Cyprus? 

answer: almost 50 per cent

question: What has the government invested in to help supply water for Cyprus? 

answer: desalination plants