praj-17/QA-MCQ-Open-ended huggingface dataset:
Title: Oklahoma
Context: Oklahoma's judicial branch consists of the Oklahoma Supreme Court, the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals, and 77 District Courts that each serves one county. The Oklahoma judiciary also contains two independent courts: a Court of Impeachment and the Oklahoma Court on the Judiciary. Oklahoma has two courts of last resort: the state Supreme Court hears civil cases, and the state Court of Criminal Appeals hears criminal cases (this split system exists only in Oklahoma and neighboring Texas). Judges of those two courts, as well as the Court of Civil Appeals are appointed by the Governor upon the recommendation of the state Judicial Nominating Commission, and are subject to a non-partisan retention vote on a six-year rotating schedule.

question: How many district courts does Oklahoma have? 

answer: 77

question: How many counties does Oklahoma have? 

answer: 77

question: What is the civil court of last resort in Oklahoma? 

answer: the state Supreme Court

question: What is the only other state with two courts of last resort? 

answer: Texas

question: What is the criminal court of last resort in Oklahoma? 

answer: the state Court of Criminal Appeals
Title: Oklahoma
Context: The executive branch consists of the Governor, their staff, and other elected officials. The principal head of government, the Governor is the chief executive of the Oklahoma executive branch, serving as the ex officio Commander-in-Chief of the Oklahoma National Guard when not called into Federal use and reserving the power to veto bills passed through the Legislature. The responsibilities of the Executive branch include submitting the budget, ensuring that state laws are enforced, and ensuring peace within the state is preserved.

question: Who is in the executive branch? 

answer: the Governor, their staff, and other elected officials

question: Who commands the Oklahoma National Guard? 

answer: the Governor

question: Who is responsible for submitting a state budget in Oklahoma? 

answer: the Executive branch

question: Who is responsible for enforcing Oklahoma's laws? 

answer: the Executive branch
Title: Oklahoma
Context: The state is divided into 77 counties that govern locally, each headed by a three-member council of elected commissioners, a tax assessor, clerk, court clerk, treasurer, and sheriff. While each municipality operates as a separate and independent local government with executive, legislative and judicial power, county governments maintain jurisdiction over both incorporated cities and non-incorporated areas within their boundaries, but have executive power but no legislative or judicial power. Both county and municipal governments collect taxes, employ a separate police force, hold elections, and operate emergency response services within their jurisdiction. Other local government units include school districts, technology center districts, community college districts, rural fire departments, rural water districts, and other special use districts.

question: How many county commissioners does each Oklahoma county have? 

answer: three

question: What are the major county offices in Oklahoma? 

answer: commissioners, a tax assessor, clerk, court clerk, treasurer, and sheriff

question: How many counties are in Oklahoma? 

answer: 77

question: Who can collect taxes in Oklahoma? 

answer: Both county and municipal governments

question: Who can hold elections in Oklahoma? 

answer: Both county and municipal governments
Title: Oklahoma
Context: Thirty-nine Native American tribal governments are based in Oklahoma, each holding limited powers within designated areas. While Indian reservations typical in most of the United States are not present in Oklahoma, tribal governments hold land granted during the Indian Territory era, but with limited jurisdiction and no control over state governing bodies such as municipalities and counties. Tribal governments are recognized by the United States as quasi-sovereign entities with executive, judicial, and legislative powers over tribal members and functions, but are subject to the authority of the United States Congress to revoke or withhold certain powers. The tribal governments are required to submit a constitution and any subsequent amendments to the United States Congress for approval.

question: How many tribal governments are in Oklahoma? 

answer: Thirty-nine

question: Tribes hold land in Oklahoma, but what isn't it called? 

answer: reservations

question: What powers do tribal governments have? 

answer: executive, judicial, and legislative powers over tribal members and functions

question: Who can overrule the tribal governments? 

answer: the United States Congress

question: Who must approve tribal constitutions? 

answer: the United States Congress
Title: Oklahoma
Context: After the 1948 election, the state turned firmly Republican. Although registered Republicans were a minority in the state until 2015, starting in 1952, Oklahoma has been carried by Republican presidential candidates in all but one election (1964). This is not to say that every election has been a landslide for Republicans: Jimmy Carter lost the state by less than 1.5% in 1976, while Michael Dukakis and Bill Clinton both won 40% or more of the state's popular vote in 1988 and 1996 respectively. Al Gore in 2000, though, was the last Democrat to even win any counties in the state. Oklahoma was the only state where Barack Obama failed to carry any of its counties in both 2008 and 2012.

question: What political party rose to power in Oklahoma in 1948? 

answer: Republican

question: When did registered Republicans become a majority in Oklahoma? 

answer: 2015

question: What is the one election since 1952 where a Republican presidential candidate didn't win in Oklahoma? 

answer: 1964

question: Oklahoma was the only state where which presidential candidate won no counties twice? 

answer: Barack Obama

question: Who was the last Democratic presidential candidate to win any counties in Oklahoma? 

answer: Al Gore
Title: Oklahoma
Context: Following the 2000 census, the Oklahoma delegation to the U.S. House of Representatives was reduced from six to five representatives, each serving one congressional district. For the 112th Congress (2011–2013), there were no changes in party strength, and the delegation included four Republicans and one Democrat. In the 112th Congress, Oklahoma's U.S. senators were Republicans Jim Inhofe and Tom Coburn, and its U.S. Representatives were John Sullivan (R-OK-1), Dan Boren (D-OK-2), Frank D. Lucas (R-OK-3), Tom Cole (R-OK-4), and James Lankford (R-OK-5).

question: How many US House reps did Oklahoma have before the 2000 census? 

answer: six

question: How many US House reps did Oklahoma have after the 2000 census? 

answer: five

question: How many of Oklahoma's House reps were Republican in 2012? 

answer: four

question: Who are Oklahoma's US Senators? 

answer: Jim Inhofe and Tom Coburn

question: What political party are Oklahoma's US Senators? 

answer: Republicans
Title: Oklahoma
Context: Oklahoma had 598 incorporated places in 2010, including four cities over 100,000 in population and 43 over 10,000. Two of the fifty largest cities in the United States are located in Oklahoma, Oklahoma City and Tulsa, and 65 percent of Oklahomans live within their metropolitan areas, or spheres of economic and social influence defined by the United States Census Bureau as a metropolitan statistical area. Oklahoma City, the state's capital and largest city, had the largest metropolitan area in the state in 2010, with 1,252,987 people, and the metropolitan area of Tulsa had 937,478 residents. Between 2000 and 2010, the cities that led the state in population growth were Blanchard (172.4%), Elgin (78.2%), Jenks (77.0%), Piedmont (56.7%), Bixby (56.6%), and Owasso (56.3%).

question: How many incorporated cities are in Oklahoma? 

answer: 598

question: How many Oklahoma cities have over 100,000 people? 

answer: four

question: How many of the 50 largest US cities are in Oklahoma? 

answer: Oklahoma

question: What is the largest metro area in Oklahoma as of 2010? 

answer: Oklahoma City

question: How many people live in the Tulsa metro area? 

answer: 937,478
Title: Oklahoma
Context: In descending order of population, Oklahoma's largest cities in 2010 were: Oklahoma City (579,999, +14.6%), Tulsa (391,906, −0.3%), Norman (110,925, +15.9%), Broken Arrow (98,850, +32.0%), Lawton (96,867, +4.4%), Edmond (81,405, +19.2%), Moore (55,081, +33.9%), Midwest City (54,371, +0.5%), Enid (49,379, +5.0%), and Stillwater (45,688, +17.0%). Of the state's ten largest cities, three are outside the metropolitan areas of Oklahoma City and Tulsa, and only Lawton has a metropolitan statistical area of its own as designated by the United States Census Bureau, though the metropolitan statistical area of Fort Smith, Arkansas extends into the state.

question: What is Oklahoma's largest city? 

answer: Oklahoma City

question: How much did Oklahoma City's population grow from 2000 to 2010? 

answer: 14.6%

question: How many people lived in Lawton in 2010? 

answer: 96,867

question: How many people lived in Stillwater in 2010? 

answer: 45,688

question: What Arkansas city's metro area extends into Oklahoma? 

answer: Fort Smith
Title: Oklahoma
Context: State law codifies Oklahoma's state emblems and honorary positions; the Oklahoma Senate or House of Representatives may adopt resolutions designating others for special events and to benefit organizations. Currently the State Senate is waiting to vote on a change to the state's motto. The House passed HCR 1024, which will change the state motto from "Labor Omnia Vincit" to "Oklahoma-In God We Trust!" The author of the resolution stated that a constituent researched the Oklahoma Constitution and found no "official" vote regarding "Labor Omnia Vincit", therefore opening the door for an entirely new motto.

question: What state House bill would change Oklahoma's motto to 'Oklahoma - In God We Trust'? 

answer: HCR 1024

question: What was Oklahoma's state motto, before the state House bill might change it? 

answer: Labor Omnia Vincit

question: Why did the state House think they could change Oklahoma's motto? 

answer: no "official" vote regarding "Labor Omnia Vincit"
Title: History_of_India
Context: The history of India includes the prehistoric settlements and societies in the Indian subcontinent; the blending of the Indus Valley Civilization and Indo-Aryan culture into the Vedic Civilization; the development of Hinduism as a synthesis of various Indian cultures and traditions; the rise of the Śramaṇa movement; the decline of Śrauta sacrifices and the birth of the initiatory traditions of Jainism, Buddhism, Shaivism, Vaishnavism and Shaktism; the onset of a succession of powerful dynasties and empires for more than two millennia throughout various geographic areas of the subcontinent, including the growth of Muslim dynasties during the Medieval period intertwined with Hindu powers; the advent of European traders resulting in the establishment of the British rule; and the subsequent independence movement that led to the Partition of India and the creation of the Republic of India.

question: In what geographic area was the country of India established? 

answer: Indian subcontinent

question: What did the joining of the Indus Valley and Indo-Aryan cultures produce? 

answer: Vedic Civilization

question: Of what is Hinduism a combination? 

answer: Indian cultures and traditions

question: How long was the succession of powerful dynasties in the Indian subcontinent? 

answer: two millennia

question: What movement lead to the founding of the Republic of India? 

answer: independence movement
Title: History_of_India
Context: Evidence of Anatomically modern humans in the Indian subcontinent is recorded as long as 75,000 years ago, or with earlier hominids including Homo erectus from about 500,000 years ago. The Indus Valley Civilization which spread and flourished in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent from c. 3200 to 1300 BCE, was the first major civilization in South Asia. A sophisticated and technologically advanced urban culture developed in the Mature Harappan period, from 2600 to 1900 BCE. This civilization collapsed at the start of the second millennium BCE and was later followed by the Iron Age Vedic Civilization, which extended over much of the Indo-Gangetic plain and which witnessed the rise of major polities known as the Mahajanapadas. In one of these kingdoms, Magadha, Mahavira and Gautama Buddha propagated their Shramanic philosophies during the fifth and sixth century BCE.

question: For how long have modern humans lived on the Indian subcontinent? 

answer: 75,000 years

question: How long ago did earlier hominids live on the Indian subcontinent? 

answer: 500,000 years ago

question: When did the Indus Valley Civilization thrive on the Indian subcontinent? 

answer: c. 3200 to 1300 BCE

question: What was the first major civilization in South Asia? 

answer: Indus Valley Civilization

question: What was the span of the Mature Harappan period? 

answer: 2600 to 1900 BCE
Title: History_of_India
Context: Most of the subcontinent was conquered by the Maurya Empire during the 4th and 3rd centuries BCE. From the 3rd century BC onwards Prakrit and Pali literature in the north and the Sangam literature in southern India started to flourish. Wootz steel originated in south India in the 3rd century BC and was exported to foreign countries. Various parts of India were ruled by numerous dynasties for the next 1,500 years, among which the Gupta Empire stands out. This period, witnessing a Hindu religious and intellectual resurgence, is known as the classical or "Golden Age of India". During this period, aspects of Indian civilization, administration, culture, and religion (Hinduism and Buddhism) spread to much of Asia, while kingdoms in southern India had maritime business links with the Roman Empire from around 77 CE. Indian cultural influence spread over many parts of Southeast Asia which led to the establishment of Indianized kingdoms in Southeast Asia (Greater India).

question: What empire conquered most of the subcontinent in the 3rd and 4th centuries BC? 

answer: Maurya Empire

question: After the 3rd century BC, what style of literature grew in northern area of the subcontinent? 

answer: Prakrit and Pali

question: What form of metal was developed and  exported from southern India? 

answer: Wootz steel

question: What was the period following 3rd century BC and extending 1500 years called? 

answer: Golden Age of India

question: What was the foremost dynasty of the the Golden Age period?  

answer: Gupta
Title: History_of_India
Context: The most significant event between the 7th and 11th century was the Tripartite struggle centered on Kannauj that lasted for more than two centuries between the Pala Empire, Rashtrakuta Empire, and Gurjara Pratihara Empire. Southern India was ruled by the Chalukya, Chola, Pallava, Chera, Pandyan, and Western Chalukya Empires. The seventh century also saw the advent of Islam as a political power, though as a fringe, in the western part of the subcontinent, in modern-day Pakistan. The Chola dynasty conquered southern India and successfully invaded parts of Southeast Asia, Sri Lanka, Maldives and Bengal in the 11th century. The early medieval period Indian mathematics influenced the development of mathematics and astronomy in the Arab world and the Hindu numerals were introduced.

question: Between what centuries was the Tripartite struggle focused on Kannauj? 

answer: 7th and 11th

question: How long did the Tripartite struggle last? 

answer: two centuries

question: When did Islam begin to become a political power in India? 

answer: seventh century

question: What dynasty conquered southern India and parts of southeast Asia? 

answer: Chola dynasty

question: What facet of Indian mathematics was introduced into the Arab areas in the early Medieval period? 

answer: Hindu numerals
Title: History_of_India
Context: Muslim rule started in parts of north India in the 13th century when the Delhi Sultanate was founded in 1206 CE by the Central Asian Turks. The Delhi Sultanate ruled the major part of northern India in the early 14th century, but declined in the late 14th century when several powerful Hindu states such as the Vijayanagara Empire, Gajapati Kingdom, Ahom Kingdom, as well as Rajput dynasties and states, such as Mewar dynasty, emerged. The 15th century saw the emergence of Sikhism. In the 16th century, Mughals came from Central Asia and gradually covered most of India. The Mughal Empire suffered a gradual decline in the early 18th century, which provided opportunities for the Maratha Empire, Sikh Empire and Mysore Kingdom to exercise control over large areas of the subcontinent.

question: What group founded the Delhi Sultanate in the 13th century? 

answer: Central Asian Turks

question: When did the Delhi Sultanate decline in its rule of northern India? 

answer: late 14th century

question: What belief system began in the 15th century? 

answer: Sikhism

question: What empire covered most of India in the 16th century? 

answer: Mughal Empire

question: During what century did the Mughal empire decline? 

answer: early 18th century
Title: History_of_India
Context: From the late 18th century to the mid-19th century, large areas of India were annexed by the British East India Company of British Empire. Dissatisfaction with Company rule led to the Indian Rebellion of 1857, after which the British provinces of India were directly administered by the British Crown and witnessed a period of both rapid development of infrastructure and economic stagnation. During the first half of the 20th century, a nationwide struggle for independence was launched with the leading party involved being the Indian National Congress which was later joined by other organizations. The subcontinent gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1947, after the British provinces were partitioned into the dominions of India and Pakistan and the princely states all acceded to one of the new states.

question: What company annexed large areas of India in the 18th and 19th centuries? 

answer: British East India Company

question: What effect did Company rule in India produce in 1857? 

answer: Indian Rebellion

question: After the Rebellion who administered the British provinces of India? 

answer: British Crown

question: The rapid development of what did British rule cause in India? 

answer: infrastructure

question: What party was the leader in the Indian independence movement of the 20th century? 

answer: Indian National Congress
Title: History_of_India
Context: Romila Thapar notes that the division into Hindu-Muslim-British periods of Indian history gives too much weight to "ruling dynasties and foreign invasions", neglecting the social-economic history which often showed a strong continuity. The division into Ancient-Medieval-Modern periods overlooks the fact that the Muslim conquests occurred gradually during which time many things came and went off, while the south was never completely conquered. According to Thapar, a periodisation could also be based on "significant social and economic changes", which are not strictly related to a change of ruling powers.[note 1]

question: Who remarked Indian history is too devoted to the ranking of dynasties and invasions? 

answer: Romila Thapar

question: What type of history period is often neglected in Indian histories? 

answer: social-economic

question: What facet of social and economic conditions are displayed by Indian history? 

answer: strong continuity

question: What type of conquests were gradual in nature? 

answer: Muslim conquests

question: What part of India was never completely conquered? 

answer: south
Title: History_of_India
Context: Isolated remains of Homo erectus in Hathnora in the Narmada Valley in central India indicate that India might have been inhabited since at least the Middle Pleistocene era, somewhere between 500,000 and 200,000 years ago. Tools crafted by proto-humans that have been dated back two million years have been discovered in the northwestern part of the subcontinent. The ancient history of the region includes some of South Asia's oldest settlements and some of its major civilisations. The earliest archaeological site in the subcontinent is the palaeolithic hominid site in the Soan River valley. Soanian sites are found in the Sivalik region across what are now India, Pakistan, and Nepal.

question: By what era was India inhabited by humans of some form? 

answer: Middle Pleistocene

question: What type of remains were found in the Narmada Valley? 

answer: Homo erectus

question: From how long ago do tools date in India? 

answer: two million years

question: Where in the subcontinent is the oldest archaeological site? 

answer: Soan River valley

question: What type of resident lived at the site in Soan River Valley? 

answer: palaeolithic hominid
Title: History_of_India
Context: The Mesolithic period in the Indian subcontinent was followed by the Neolithic period, when more extensive settlement of the subcontinent occurred after the end of the last Ice Age approximately 12,000 years ago. The first confirmed semipermanent settlements appeared 9,000 years ago in the Bhimbetka rock shelters in modern Madhya Pradesh, India. Early Neolithic culture in South Asia is represented by the Bhirrana findings (7500 BCE) in Haryana, India & Mehrgarh findings (7000–9000 BCE) in Balochistan, Pakistan.

question: What geologic period came after the Mesolithic period in India? 

answer: Neolithic

question: What happened in India during the Neolithic period? 

answer: extensive settlement

question: How long ago did the last ice age happen in India? 

answer: 12,000 years

question: When did settlements appear in Madhya Pradesh? 

answer: 9,000 years ago

question: During what time span were there findings of habitation in India and Pakistan? 

answer: 7000–9000 BCE
Title: History_of_India
Context: The Mature Indus civilisation flourished from about 2600 to 1900 BCE, marking the beginning of urban civilisation on the subcontinent. The civilisation included urban centres such as Dholavira, Kalibangan, Ropar, Rakhigarhi, and Lothal in modern-day India, as well as Harappa, Ganeriwala, and Mohenjo-daro in modern-day Pakistan. The civilisation is noted for its cities built of brick, roadside drainage system, and multistoreyed houses and is thought to have had some kind of municipal organization.

question: When did the Mature Indus Civilization thrive?  

answer: 2600 to 1900 BCE

question: What stage of civilization did the Mature Indus represent? 

answer: urban

question: What kind of organization did the Mature Indus have? 

answer: municipal

question: Of what were the early cities of the Mature Indus civilization built? 

answer: brick

question: How high were the buildings in the Mature Indus ? 

answer: multistoreyed
Title: History_of_India
Context: The Vedic period is named after the Indo-Aryan culture of north-west India, although other parts of India had a distinct cultural identity during this period. The Vedic culture is described in the texts of Vedas, still sacred to Hindus, which were orally composed in Vedic Sanskrit. The Vedas are some of the oldest extant texts in India. The Vedic period, lasting from about 1750 to 500 BCE, and contributed the foundations of several cultural aspects of Indian subcontinent. In terms of culture, many regions of the subcontinent transitioned from the Chalcolithic to the Iron Age in this period.

question: For what culture is the Vedic period named? 

answer: Indo-Aryan

question: Where was the Indo-Aryan culture located? 

answer: north-west India

question: In what language did  the Vedic culture speak? 

answer: Vedic Sanskrit

question: What sacred texts are some of the oldest in India? 

answer: The Vedas

question: What was the duration of the Vedic culture? 

answer: 1750 to 500 BCE