praj-17/QA-MCQ-Open-ended huggingface dataset:
Title: Tajikistan
Context: In 2009 Tajikistan had 26 airports, 18 of which had paved runways, of which two had runways longer than 3,000 meters. The country's main airport is Dushanbe International Airport which as of April 2015, had regularly scheduled flights to major cities in Russia, Central Asia, as well as Delhi, Dubai, Frankfurt, Istanbul, Kabul, Tehran, and Ürümqi amongst others. There are also international flights, mainly to Russia, from Khujand Airport in the northern part of the country as well as limited international services from Kulob Airport, and Qurghonteppa International Airport. Khorog Airport is a domestic airport and also the only airport in the sparsely populated eastern half of the country.

question: How many airports does Tajikistan have? 

answer: 26 airports

question: What is the country's main airport? 

answer: Dushanbe International Airport

question: Where are the international flights maining going to? 

answer: Russia

question: What is the name of the airport in the eastern half of the country? 

answer: Khorog Airport
Title: Tajikistan
Context: Tajikistan has a population of 7,349,145 (July 2009 est.) of which 70% are under the age of 30 and 35% are between the ages of 14 and 30. Tajiks who speak Tajik (a dialect of Persian) are the main ethnic group, although there are sizable minorities of Uzbeks and Russians, whose numbers are declining due to emigration. The Pamiris of Badakhshan, a small population of Yaghnobi people, and a sizeable minority of Ismailis are all considered to belong to the larger group of Tajiks. All citizens of Tajikistan are called Tajikistanis.

question: What is Tajikistans population as of July 2009? 

answer: 7,349,145

question: What percent of the population is under 30 years old? 

answer: 70%

question: What percent of the population are between 14 to 30 years old? 

answer: 35%

question: What lanuage do the people of Tajikistan speak? 

answer: Tajik

question: What are the citizens of Tajikistan called? 

answer: Tajikistanis
Title: Tajikistan
Context: The Pamiri people of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province in the southeast, bordering Afghanistan and China, though considered part of the Tajik ethnicity, nevertheless are distinct linguistically and culturally from most Tajiks. In contrast to the mostly Sunni Muslim residents of the rest of Tajikistan, the Pamiris overwhelmingly follow the Ismaili sect of Islam, and speak a number of Eastern Iranian languages, including Shughni, Rushani, Khufi and Wakhi. Isolated in the highest parts of the Pamir Mountains, they have preserved many ancient cultural traditions and folk arts that have been largely lost elsewhere in the country.

question: What people live in the southeast area of the country? 

answer: The Pamiri people

question: How are they different than most Tajiks? 

answer: distinct linguistically and culturally

question: What mountians do the Pamiri people call home? 

answer: Pamir Mountains
Title: Tajikistan
Context: Sunni Islam of the Hanafi school has been officially recognized by the government since 2009. Tajikistan considers itself a secular state with a Constitution providing for freedom of religion. The Government has declared two Islamic holidays, Id Al-Fitr and Idi Qurbon, as state holidays. According to a U.S. State Department release and Pew research group, the population of Tajikistan is 98% Muslim. Approximately 87%–95% of them are Sunni and roughly 3% are Shia and roughly 7% are non-denominational Muslims. The remaining 2% of the population are followers of Russian Orthodoxy, Protestantism, Zoroastrianism and Buddhism. A great majority of Muslims fast during Ramadan, although only about one third in the countryside and 10% in the cities observe daily prayer and dietary restrictions.

question: What school has been recognized by the government? 

answer: Sunni Islam of the Hanafi

question: What kind of state does Tajikistan see itself as? 

answer: a secular state with a Constitution providing for freedom of religion

question: What are the two national Islamic holidays? 

answer: Id Al-Fitr and Idi Qurbon

question: What percent of the population is muslim? 

answer: 98%
Title: Tajikistan
Context: Relationships between religious groups are generally amicable, although there is some concern among mainstream Muslim leaders[who?] that minority religious groups undermine national unity. There is a concern for religious institutions becoming active in the political sphere. The Islamic Renaissance Party (IRP), a major combatant in the 1992–1997 Civil War and then-proponent of the creation of an Islamic state in Tajikistan, constitutes no more than 30% of the government by statute. Membership in Hizb ut-Tahrir, a militant Islamic party which today aims for an overthrow of secular governments and the unification of Tajiks under one Islamic state, is illegal and members are subject to arrest and imprisonment. Numbers of large mosques appropriate for Friday prayers are limited and some[who?] feel this is discriminatory.

question: What type of religions concerns are there? 

answer: minority religious groups undermine national unity

question: What concerns for the religions institutions are there? 

answer: a concern for religious institutions becoming active in the political sphere

question: What is the name of the militant Islamic party in Tajikistan? 

answer: Hizb ut-Tahrir

question: What does the Hizb ut-Tahrir aim for? 

answer: aims for an overthrow of secular governments and the unification of Tajiks under one Islamic state
Title: Tajikistan
Context: By law, religious communities must register by the State Committee on Religious Affairs (SCRA) and with local authorities. Registration with the SCRA requires a charter, a list of 10 or more members, and evidence of local government approval prayer site location. Religious groups who do not have a physical structure are not allowed to gather publicly for prayer. Failure to register can result in large fines and closure of place of worship. There are reports that registration on the local level is sometimes difficult to obtain. People under the age of 18 are also barred from public religious practice.

question: What do religions communities have to register with? 

answer: State Committee on Religious Affairs (SCRA) and with local authorities

question: What does the SCRA require? 

answer: a charter, a list of 10 or more members, and evidence of local government approval prayer site location

question: What do you have to have to gather for public prayer? 

answer: a physical structure

question: What can happen if you do not register? 

answer: can result in large fines and closure of place of worship
Title: Tajikistan
Context: Despite repeated efforts by the Tajik government to improve and expand health care, the system remains extremely underdeveloped and poor, with severe shortages of medical supplies. The state's Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare reported that 104,272 disabled people are registered in Tajikistan (2000). This group of people suffers most from poverty in Tajikistan. The government of Tajikistan and the World Bank considered activities to support this part of the population described in the World Bank's Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper. Public expenditure on health was at 1% of the GDP in 2004.

question: What is wrong with the health care system in Tajikistan? 

answer: , the system remains extremely underdeveloped and poor, with severe shortages of medical supplies

question: How many disabled people are registered in Tajikistan? 

answer: 104,272

question: What percent of the GDP was spent on health? 

answer: 1%

question: What was the name of the paper that the World Bank and Tajikistan came up with? 

answer: World Bank's Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
Title: Tajikistan
Context: Public education in Tajikistan consists of 11 years of primary and secondary education but the government has plans to implement a 12-year system in 2016. There is a relatively large number of tertiary education institutions including Khujand State University which has 76 departments in 15 faculties, Tajikistan State University of Law, Business, & Politics, Khorugh State University, Agricultural University of Tajikistan, Tajik State National University, and several other institutions. Most, but not all, universities were established during the Soviet Era. As of 2008[update] tertiary education enrollment was 17%, significantly below the sub-regional average of 37%. Many Tajiks left the education system due to low demand in the labor market for people with extensive educational training or professional skills.

question: How many years of school are there in the Tajikistan school system? 

answer: 11 years of primary and secondary education

question: What do they want to impliment in 2016? 

answer: a 12-year system

question: What is the name of one of the tertiary education institutions? 

answer: Khujand State University

question: What is the percent of tertiary education enrollment? 

answer: 17%
Title: Anthropology
Context: Anthropology is the study of humans and their societies in the past and present. Its main subdivisions are social anthropology and cultural anthropology, which describes the workings of societies around the world, linguistic anthropology, which investigates the influence of language in social life, and biological or physical anthropology, which concerns long-term development of the human organism. Archaeology, which studies past human cultures through investigation of physical evidence, is thought of as a branch of anthropology in the United States, while in Europe, it is viewed as a discipline in its own right, or grouped under other related disciplines such as history.

question: What is anthropology a study of? 

answer: humans and their societies

question: What type of anthropology describes the workings of societies around the world? 

answer: social

question: What investigates the influence of language in social life? 

answer: linguistic anthropology

question: What subdivision of anthropology concerns itself with the long-term development of the human organism? 

answer: physical

question: Where is Archaeology considered a branch of anthropology? 

answer: United States
Title: Anthropology
Context: Similar organizations in other countries followed: The American Anthropological Association in 1902, the Anthropological Society of Madrid (1865), the Anthropological Society of Vienna (1870), the Italian Society of Anthropology and Ethnology (1871), and many others subsequently. The majority of these were evolutionist. One notable exception was the Berlin Society of Anthropology (1869) founded by Rudolph Virchow, known for his vituperative attacks on the evolutionists. Not religious himself, he insisted that Darwin's conclusions lacked empirical foundation.

question: Vienna created it's society in what year? 

answer: 1870

question: When was the Berlin Society of Anthropology founded by Rudolph Virchow? 

answer: 1869

question: When was the American Anthropological Association founded? 

answer: 1902

question: When did Madrid get it's own anthropological society? 

answer: 1865

question: What did Virchow feel Darwin's conclusions lacked? 

answer: empirical foundation
Title: Anthropology
Context: During the last three decades of the 19th century a proliferation of anthropological societies and associations occurred, most independent, most publishing their own journals, and all international in membership and association. The major theorists belonged to these organizations. They supported the gradual osmosis of anthropology curricula into the major institutions of higher learning. By 1898 the American Association for the Advancement of Science was able to report that 48 educational institutions in 13 countries had some curriculum in anthropology. None of the 75 faculty members were under a department named anthropology.

question: What proliferated in the last three decades of the 19th century? 

answer: anthropological societies

question: What did all the anthropological societies allow their membership to be? 

answer: international

question: Who belonged to these proliferating organizations? 

answer: The major theorists

question: How many educational institutions had some curriculum in anthropology by 1898? 

answer: 48

question: How many countries were the institutions teaching anthropology located in? 

answer: 13
Title: Anthropology
Context: Since the work of Franz Boas and Bronisław Malinowski in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, social anthropology in Great Britain and cultural anthropology in the US have been distinguished from other social sciences by its emphasis on cross-cultural comparisons, long-term in-depth examination of context, and the importance it places on participant-observation or experiential immersion in the area of research. Cultural anthropology in particular has emphasized cultural relativism, holism, and the use of findings to frame cultural critiques. This has been particularly prominent in the United States, from Boas' arguments against 19th-century racial ideology, through Margaret Mead's advocacy for gender equality and sexual liberation, to current criticisms of post-colonial oppression and promotion of multiculturalism. Ethnography is one of its primary research designs as well as the text that is generated from anthropological fieldwork.

question: When did Bronislaw Malinoswki and Franz Boas do their relevant work? 

answer: late 19th and early 20th centuries

question: What did Margaret Mead advocate for? 

answer: gender equality and sexual liberation

question: What has cultural anthropology distinguished itself from other social sciences by emphasizing? 

answer: cross-cultural comparisons

question: What did Boas' argue against? 

answer: 19th-century racial ideology

question: What has cultural anthropology specifically emphasized? 

answer: cultural relativism, holism, and the use of findings to frame cultural critiques
Title: Anthropology
Context: Anthropology is a global discipline where humanities, social, and natural sciences are forced to confront one another. Anthropology builds upon knowledge from natural sciences, including the discoveries about the origin and evolution of Homo sapiens, human physical traits, human behavior, the variations among different groups of humans, how the evolutionary past of Homo sapiens has influenced its social organization and culture, and from social sciences, including the organization of human social and cultural relations, institutions, social conflicts, etc. Early anthropology originated in Classical Greece and Persia and studied and tried to understand observable cultural diversity. As such, anthropology has been central in the development of several new (late 20th century) interdisciplinary fields such as cognitive science, global studies, and various ethnic studies.

question: What fields are forced to confront one another in anthropology? 

answer: humanities, social, and natural sciences

question: What builds upon natural and social sciences? 

answer: Anthropology

question: What type of discipline is anthropology? 

answer: global

question: Where did early anthropology originate? 

answer: Greece and Persia

question: What interdisciplinary fields has anthropology been central in the development of? 

answer: cognitive science, global studies, and various ethnic studies
Title: Anthropology
Context: Sociocultural anthropology has been heavily influenced by structuralist and postmodern theories, as well as a shift toward the analysis of modern societies. During the 1970s and 1990s, there was an epistemological shift away from the positivist traditions that had largely informed the discipline.[page needed] During this shift, enduring questions about the nature and production of knowledge came to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology. In contrast, archaeology and biological anthropology remained largely positivist. Due to this difference in epistemology, the four sub-fields of anthropology have lacked cohesion over the last several decades.

question: What has sociocultural anthropology been heavily influenced by? 

answer: structuralist and postmodern theories

question: When was there an epistemological shift away from positivist traditions in anthropology? 

answer: During the 1970s and 1990s

question: What questions came to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology? 

answer: nature and production of knowledge

question: What two fields remained largely positivist?  

answer: archaeology and biological anthropology

question: What have the four sub-fields of anthropology lacked over the last several decades? 

answer: cohesion
Title: Anthropology
Context: Sociocultural anthropology draws together the principle axes of cultural anthropology and social anthropology. Cultural anthropology is the comparative study of the manifold ways in which people make sense of the world around them, while social anthropology is the study of the relationships among persons and groups. Cultural anthropology is more related to philosophy, literature and the arts (how one's culture affects experience for self and group, contributing to more complete understanding of the people's knowledge, customs, and institutions), while social anthropology is more related to sociology and history. in that it helps develop understanding of social structures, typically of others and other populations (such as minorities, subgroups, dissidents, etc.). There is no hard-and-fast distinction between them, and these categories overlap to a considerable degree.

question: What draws together the axes of cultural and social anthropology? 

answer: Sociocultural anthropology

question: Which type of anthropology studies relationships among persons and groups? 

answer: social

question: What does social anthropology help develop an understanding of? 

answer: social structures,

question: What kind of distinction is lacking between social and cultural anthropology? 

answer: hard-and-fast

question: What studies the way people make sense of the world around them? 

answer: Cultural anthropology
Title: Anthropology
Context: Inquiry in sociocultural anthropology is guided in part by cultural relativism, the attempt to understand other societies in terms of their own cultural symbols and values. Accepting other cultures in their own terms moderates reductionism in cross-cultural comparison. This project is often accommodated in the field of ethnography. Ethnography can refer to both a methodology and the product of ethnographic research, i.e. an ethnographic monograph. As methodology, ethnography is based upon long-term fieldwork within a community or other research site. Participant observation is one of the foundational methods of social and cultural anthropology. Ethnology involves the systematic comparison of different cultures. The process of participant-observation can be especially helpful to understanding a culture from an emic (conceptual, vs. etic, or technical) point of view.

question: What is the attempt to understand other societies on their own terms? 

answer: cultural relativism

question: What can refer to both a methodology and the product of ethnographic research? 

answer: Ethnography

question: What is one of the foundational methods of social anthropology? 

answer: Participant observation

question: What is a needlessly complicated word which means "conceptual"? 

answer: emic

question: What does accepting other cultures in their own terms moderate? 

answer: reductionism in cross-cultural comparison
Title: Anthropology
Context: The study of kinship and social organization is a central focus of sociocultural anthropology, as kinship is a human universal. Sociocultural anthropology also covers economic and political organization, law and conflict resolution, patterns of consumption and exchange, material culture, technology, infrastructure, gender relations, ethnicity, childrearing and socialization, religion, myth, symbols, values, etiquette, worldview, sports, music, nutrition, recreation, games, food, festivals, and language (which is also the object of study in linguistic anthropology).

question: Why type of anthropology is the study of social organization a central focus of? 

answer: Sociocultural

question: What patterns does sociocultural anthropology get up in the morning to learn about? 

answer: consumption and exchange

question: What is a human universal? 

answer: kinship

question: What is the object of study for linguistic anthropology? 

answer: language

question: Why type of conflict is sociocultural anthropology interested in? 

answer: resolution
Title: Anthropology
Context: Archaeology is the study of the human past through its material remains. Artifacts, faunal remains, and human altered landscapes are evidence of the cultural and material lives of past societies. Archaeologists examine these material remains in order to deduce patterns of past human behavior and cultural practices. Ethnoarchaeology is a type of archaeology that studies the practices and material remains of living human groups in order to gain a better understanding of the evidence left behind by past human groups, who are presumed to have lived in similar ways.

question: What field studies human's past through material remains? 

answer: Archaeology

question: What can archaeologists deduce from material remains? 

answer: human behavior and cultural practices

question: What do Ethnoarchaeologists gain a better understanding of by studying living human groups? 

answer: past human groups

question: How are long dead human groups presumed to have lived and behaved as compared to still living populations? 

answer: in similar ways

question: What are artifacts, faunal remains and human altered landscapes the evidence of? 

answer: cultural and material lives of past societies
Title: Anthropology
Context: Linguistic anthropology (also called anthropological linguistics) seeks to understand the processes of human communications, verbal and non-verbal, variation in language across time and space, the social uses of language, and the relationship between language and culture. It is the branch of anthropology that brings linguistic methods to bear on anthropological problems, linking the analysis of linguistic forms and processes to the interpretation of sociocultural processes. Linguistic anthropologists often draw on related fields including sociolinguistics, pragmatics, cognitive linguistics, semiotics, discourse analysis, and narrative analysis.

question: What problems does linguistic anthropology bring linguistic methods to bear on? 

answer: anthropological

question: What is the analysis of linguistic forms and processes linked to? 

answer: interpretation of sociocultural processes

question: What subdivision of anthropology seeks to understand the process of human communications? 

answer: Linguistic

question: What related fields do linguistic anthropologists draw on? 

answer: sociolinguistics, pragmatics, cognitive linguistics, semiotics, discourse analysis, and narrative analysis