praj-17/QA-MCQ-Open-ended huggingface dataset:
Title: Freemasonry
Context: Exclusive Jurisdiction is a concept whereby only one Grand Lodge will be recognised in any geographical area. If two Grand Lodges claim jurisdiction over the same area, the other Grand Lodges will have to choose between them, and they may not all decide to recognise the same one. (In 1849, for example, the Grand Lodge of New York split into two rival factions, each claiming to be the legitimate Grand Lodge. Other Grand Lodges had to choose between them until the schism was healed.) Exclusive Jurisdiction can be waived when the two over-lapping Grand Lodges are themselves in Amity and agree to share jurisdiction (for example, since the Grand Lodge of Connecticut is in Amity with the Prince Hall Grand Lodge of Connecticut, the principle of Exclusive Jurisdiction does not apply, and other Grand Lodges may recognise both).

question: What is Exclusive Jurisdiction? 

answer: only one Grand Lodge will be recognised in any geographical area

question: What happens if two Grand Lodges try to establish themselves in the same area? 

answer: the other Grand Lodges will have to choose between them

question: What can happen if two over-lapping Grand Lodges are in Amity and decide to share jurisdiction? 

answer: Exclusive Jurisdiction can be waived

question: If two over-lapping Grand Lodges are in Amity and decide to waive Exclusive Jurisdiction, who must the other Grand Lodges recognize? 

answer: recognise both

question: What must other Grand Lodges do if two over-lapping Grand Lodges cannot agree to share the territory? 

answer: choose between them

question: What concept only recognizes one Grand Lodge in a given geographical area? 

answer: Exclusive Jurisdiction

question: In what year did the Grand Lodge of New York Split into two separate rival factions? 

answer: 1849

question: When can Exclusive Jurisdiction be waived? 

answer: when the two over-lapping Grand Lodges are themselves in Amity and agree to share jurisdiction
Title: Freemasonry
Context: There is no clear mechanism by which these local trade organisations became today's Masonic Lodges, but the earliest rituals and passwords known, from operative lodges around the turn of the 17th–18th centuries, show continuity with the rituals developed in the later 18th century by accepted or speculative Masons, as those members who did not practice the physical craft came to be known. The minutes of the Lodge of Edinburgh (Mary's Chapel) No. 1 in Scotland show a continuity from an operative lodge in 1598 to a modern speculative Lodge. It is reputed to be the oldest Masonic Lodge in the world.

question: From what centuries are the earliest passwords and rituals of Freemasonry known? 

answer: 17th–18th

question: What is the oldest Masonic lodge in the world? 

answer: Lodge of Edinburgh (Mary's Chapel) No. 1 in Scotland

question: What were members who did not practice the physical craft known as? 

answer: accepted or speculative Masons

question: When compared, how similar are the rituals and passwords from the turn of the 17 - 18 centuries to the ones from the later 18th century? 

answer: show continuity

question: What is the oldest Masonic Lodge in the world? 

answer: the Lodge of Edinburgh (Mary's Chapel) No. 1

question: When was the Lodge of Edinburgh started? 

answer: 1598

question: When did rituals become similar between different Masonic Lodges? 

answer: in the later 18th century
Title: Freemasonry
Context: Prince Hall Freemasonry exists because of the refusal of early American lodges to admit African-Americans. In 1775, an African-American named Prince Hall, along with fourteen other African-Americans, was initiated into a British military lodge with a warrant from the Grand Lodge of Ireland, having failed to obtain admission from the other lodges in Boston. When the military Lodge left North America, those fifteen men were given the authority to meet as a Lodge, but not to initiate Masons. In 1784, these individuals obtained a Warrant from the Premier Grand Lodge of England (GLE) and formed African Lodge, Number 459. When the UGLE was formed in 1813, all U.S.-based Lodges were stricken from their rolls – due largely to the War of 1812. Thus, separated from both UGLE and any concordantly recognised U.S. Grand Lodge, African Lodge re-titled itself as the African Lodge, Number 1 – and became a de facto "Grand Lodge" (this Lodge is not to be confused with the various Grand Lodges on the Continent of Africa). As with the rest of U.S. Freemasonry, Prince Hall Freemasonry soon grew and organised on a Grand Lodge system for each state.

question: Why was Prince Hall Freemasonry formed? 

answer: refusal of early American lodges to admit African-Americans

question: When was Prince Hall Freemasonry formed? 

answer: 1775

question: What happened when the UGLE was formed in 1813? 

answer: U.S.-based Lodges were stricken from their rolls

question: What did Africian Lodge, Number 459 become after they were removed from the UGLE? 

answer: African Lodge, Number 1

question: What was Africian Lodge, Number 1 considered after they changed from Africian Lodge, Number 459? 

answer: became a de facto "Grand Lodge"

question: What exists today because of the refusal of early American lodges to admit African Americans? 

answer: Prince Hall Freemasonry

question: In what year was Prince Hall admitted into the British military lodge? 

answer: 1775

question: When was the African Lodge, number 459, formed? 

answer: 1784

question: When was the UGLE formed? 

answer: 1813

question: The African Lodge re-titled itself what? 

answer: the African Lodge, Number 1
Title: Freemasonry
Context: Maria Deraismes was initiated into Freemasonry in 1882, then resigned to allow her lodge to rejoin their Grand Lodge. Having failed to achieve acceptance from any masonic governing body, she and Georges Martin started a mixed masonic lodge that actually worked masonic ritual. Annie Besant spread the phenomenon to the English speaking world. Disagreements over ritual led to the formation of exclusively female bodies of Freemasons in England, which spread to other countries. Meanwhile, the French had re-invented Adoption as an all-female lodge in 1901, only to cast it aside again in 1935. The lodges, however, continued to meet, which gave rise, in 1959, to a body of women practising continental Freemasonry.

question: When was Maria Deraismes initiated into Freemasonry? 

answer: 1882

question: Why did Deraismes resign from Freemasonry? 

answer: allow her lodge to rejoin their Grand Lodge

question: What led to exclusively female bodies of Freemasons in England? 

answer: Disagreements over ritual

question: Who, along with Maria Dersaismes, started a mixed gender masonic lodge? 

answer: Georges Martin

question: Who brought the message of mixed gender, practicing masonic lodges to the English speaking? 

answer: Annie Besant

question: Who resigned from the Freemasons for their lodge to rejoin their Grand Lodge? 

answer: Maria Deraismes

question: Maria Deraismes and who else started a mixed masonic lodge? 

answer: Georges Martin

question: What year was Maria Deraismes initiated into the Freemasons? 

answer: 1882

question: What year was an all-female masonic lodge created? 

answer: 1901

question: What year was the all-female masonic lodge cast aside? 

answer: 1935
Title: Freemasonry
Context: Many Islamic anti-Masonic arguments are closely tied to both antisemitism and Anti-Zionism, though other criticisms are made such as linking Freemasonry to al-Masih ad-Dajjal (the false Messiah). Some Muslim anti-Masons argue that Freemasonry promotes the interests of the Jews around the world and that one of its aims is to destroy the Al-Aqsa Mosque in order to rebuild the Temple of Solomon in Jerusalem. In article 28 of its Covenant, Hamas states that Freemasonry, Rotary, and other similar groups "work in the interest of Zionism and according to its instructions ..."

question: What do Islamic anti-masonics link Freemasonry to? 

answer: al-Masih ad-Dajjal (the false Messiah

question: Why do muslim anti-masonics believe that the Freemasons want to destroy the Al-Aqsa Mosque? 

answer: rebuild the Temple of Solomon in Jerusalem

question: What is another group that anti-masonic muslims link to zionism? 

answer: Rotary

question: What are most of the arguements by anti-masonic muslims centered on?  

answer: antisemitism and Anti-Zionism

question: Who's interests are the muslin anti-masonics afraid that the Freemasons are protecting? 

answer: Jews

question: What do many Islamic and anti-Masonic argue about Freemasonry? 

answer: linking Freemasonry to al-Masih ad-Dajjal (the false Messiah)

question: Some Muslims argue that Freemasonry promotes what? 

answer: the interests of the Jews

question: What article states that Freemasonry work in the interest of Zionism? 

answer: article 28
Title: Freemasonry
Context: The preserved records of the Reichssicherheitshauptamt (the Reich Security Main Office) show the persecution of Freemasons during the Holocaust. RSHA Amt VII (Written Records) was overseen by Professor Franz Six and was responsible for "ideological" tasks, by which was meant the creation of antisemitic and anti-Masonic propaganda. While the number is not accurately known, it is estimated that between 80,000 and 200,000 Freemasons were killed under the Nazi regime. Masonic concentration camp inmates were graded as political prisoners and wore an inverted red triangle.

question: How many Freemasons are believed to have been killed under Hitler's Nazi Regime? 

answer: between 80,000 and 200,000

question: What kind of prisioner was a Freemason considered to be? 

answer: political prisoners

question: What identifier did the Nazis make the Freemason prisioners wear? 

answer: inverted red triangle

question: Who was responsible for creating antisemetic and anti-masonic propaganda? 

answer: Professor Franz Six

question: Where is most of the informaton about Freemasons persecuted in the Holocaust located? 

answer: The preserved records of the Reichssicherheitshauptamt (the Reich Security Main Office)

question: What is the Relch Security Main Office also called? 

answer: Reichssicherheitshauptamt

question: Who was responsible for ideological tasks of the written records? 

answer: Professor Franz Six

question: How many Freemasons were killed under the Nazi regime? 

answer: between 80,000 and 200,000

question: What did Masonic concentration camp inmates have to wear? 

answer: an inverted red triangle.
Title: Freemasonry
Context: Freemasonry consists of fraternal organisations that trace their origins to the local fraternities of stonemasons, which from the end of the fourteenth century regulated the qualifications of stonemasons and their interaction with authorities and clients. The degrees of freemasonry retain the three grades of medieval craft guilds, those of Apprentice, Journeyman or fellow (now called Fellowcraft), and Master Mason. These are the degrees offered by Craft (or Blue Lodge) Freemasonry. Members of these organisations are known as Freemasons or Masons. There are additional degrees, which vary with locality and jurisdiction, and are usually administered by different bodies than the craft degrees.

question: Where are the origins of Freemasonry? 

answer: local fraternities of stonemasons

question: What were the fraternaties of stonemasons origionally responsible for? 

answer: regulated the qualifications of stonemasons and their interaction with authorities and clients

question: Where did the degrees of Freemasonry derived from? 

answer: the three grades of medieval craft guilds

question: What are the degrees of Freemasonry? 

answer: Apprentice, Journeyman or fellow (now called Fellowcraft), and Master Mason

question: Freemasons trace their origins to what? 

answer: the local fraternities of stonemasons

question: How many grades are there in medieval craft guilds? 

answer: three grades

question: Craft Freemasonry is also known as what? 

answer: Blue Lodge

question: Members of Craft Masonry are called what? 

answer: Freemasons or Masons
Title: Freemasonry
Context: Candidates for Freemasonry will have met most active members of the Lodge they are joining before they are initiated. The process varies between jurisdictions, but the candidate will typically have been introduced by a friend at a Lodge social function, or at some form of open evening in the Lodge. In modern times, interested people often track down a local Lodge through the Internet. The onus is on candidates to ask to join; while candidates may be encouraged to ask, they are never invited. Once the initial inquiry is made, an interview usually follows to determine the candidate's suitability. If the candidate decides to proceed from here, the Lodge ballots on the application before he (or she, depending on the Masonic Jurisdiction) can be accepted.

question: How are Freemasons invited to join a lodge? 

answer: they are never invited

question: How does one become a Freemason? 

answer: The onus is on candidates to ask to join

question: Can women ask to be a member of the Masonic Lodge? 

answer: depending on the Masonic Jurisdiction

question: How can you find a lodge to ask to be a member of? 

answer: track down a local Lodge through the Internet

question: Candidates for Freemasonry must do what before being initiated?  

answer: will have met most active members of the Lodge they are joining

question: Candidates are normally introduced to the lodge by whom? 

answer: a friend

question: Now days, many interested people find a Masonic Lodge using what? 

answer: the Internet

question: Candidates are never what to a Masonic lodge? 

answer: never invited

question: What usually follows an initial inquiry of a candidate? 

answer: an interview
Title: Freemasonry
Context: Freemasonry, as it exists in various forms all over the world, has a membership estimated by the United Grand Lodge of England at around six million worldwide. The fraternity is administratively organised into independent Grand Lodges (or sometimes Grand Orients), each of which governs its own Masonic jurisdiction, which consists of subordinate (or constituent) Lodges. The largest single jurisdiction, in terms of membership, is the United Grand Lodge of England (with a membership estimated at around a quarter million). The Grand Lodge of Scotland and Grand Lodge of Ireland (taken together) have approximately 150,000 members. In the United States total membership is just under two million.

question: How large is the membership of Freemasonry? 

answer: around six million worldwide

question: What is the largest single jurisdiction of Freemasonry? 

answer: United Grand Lodge of England

question: How many members does the UGLE have? 

answer: around a quarter million

question: What are the membership numbers of the United States? 

answer: just under two million

question: How many members does the Grand Lodge of Scotland and the Grand Lodge of Ireland have, together? 

answer: 150,000

question: How many members are in Freemasonry? 

answer: around six million worldwide

question: What lodge has the single largest single jurisdiction of Freemasonry? 

answer: the United Grand Lodge of England

question: How many members are in the Grand Lodge of England? 

answer: around a quarter million

question: The Grand Lodges of Scotland and Ireland have how many member? 

answer: approximately 150,000 members

question: The United States has how many Freemason members? 

answer: just under two million
Title: Freemasonry
Context: The idea of Masonic brotherhood probably descends from a 16th-century legal definition of a brother as one who has taken an oath of mutual support to another. Accordingly, Masons swear at each degree to keep the contents of that degree secret, and to support and protect their brethren unless they have broken the law. In most Lodges the oath or obligation is taken on a Volume of Sacred Law, whichever book of divine revelation is appropriate to the religious beliefs of the individual brother (usually the Bible in the Anglo-American tradition). In Progressive continental Freemasonry, books other than scripture are permissible, a cause of rupture between Grand Lodges.

question: Are masons allowed to divulge the secrets of each degree? 

answer: Masons swear at each degree to keep the contents of that degree secret

question: How are oaths taken? 

answer: on a Volume of Sacred Law

question: In what branch can books, other than scripture, be used for the purpose of oath taking? 

answer: Progressive continental Freemasonry

question: What can be considered a Volume of Sacred Law? 

answer: whichever book of divine revelation is appropriate to the religious beliefs of the individual brother

question: Masons swear to protect their brethren unless they what? 

answer: have broken the law

question: Most lodges have the oath taken on what? 

answer: Volume of Sacred Law

question: Mason swear at each degree to do what? 

answer: keep the contents of that degree secret
Title: Freemasonry
Context: The earliest known American lodges were in Pennsylvania. The Collector for the port of Pennsylvania, John Moore, wrote of attending lodges there in 1715, two years before the formation of the first Grand Lodge in London. The Premier Grand Lodge of England appointed a Provincial Grand Master for North America in 1731, based in Pennsylvania. Other lodges in the colony obtained authorisations from the later Antient Grand Lodge of England, the Grand Lodge of Scotland, and the Grand Lodge of Ireland, which was particularly well represented in the travelling lodges of the British Army. Many lodges came into existence with no warrant from any Grand Lodge, applying and paying for their authorisation only after they were confident of their own survival.

question: Where were the earliest known American Logdes located? 

answer: Pennsylvania

question: What is the earliest that lodges appeared in America? 

answer: 1715

question: When was a Provincial Grand Master for North America appointed? 

answer: 1731

question: Where did other American Lodges obtain their authoriisations from? 

answer: Antient Grand Lodge of England, the Grand Lodge of Scotland, and the Grand Lodge of Ireland

question: When did the lodges without prior authorisations apply to be recognized? 

answer: after they were confident of their own survival

question: Where were the earliest lodges in America? 

answer: Pennsylvania

question: Who was the Collector for the port of Pennsylvania in 1715? 

answer: John Moore

question: A Provincial Grand Master for North America was first appointed when? 

answer: 1731

question: The Provincial Grand Master for North America was base where? 

answer: Pennsylvania
Title: Freemasonry
Context: Masonic lodges existed in Iraq as early as 1917, when the first lodge under the United Grand Lodge of England (UGLE) was opened. Nine lodges under UGLE existed by the 1950s, and a Scottish lodge was formed in 1923. However, the position changed following the revolution, and all lodges were forced to close in 1965. This position was later reinforced under Saddam Hussein; the death penalty was "prescribed" for those who "promote or acclaim Zionist principles, including freemasonry, or who associate [themselves] with Zionist organisations."

question: How long have Masonic Lodges been in Iraq? 

answer: as early as 1917

question: How many lodges existed in Iraq in the 1950s? 

answer: Nine

question: What is the greatest penalty that a Freemason in Iraq could face now? 

answer: the death penalty

question: When were all the lodges in Iraq forced to close? 

answer: 1965

question: When was a Scottish Lodge formed in Iraq? 

answer: 1923

question: When did Masonic lodges start in Iraq? 

answer: 1917

question: Who opened the first Lodge in Iraq? 

answer: the United Grand Lodge of England

question: When was the first Scottish Masonic lodge opened in Iraq? 

answer: 1923

question: All Masonic lodges were forced to close in Iraq in what year? 

answer: 1965

question: Who introduced the death penalty to Freemasons living in Iraq? 

answer: Saddam Hussein
Title: Freemasonry
Context: The ritual form on which the Grand Orient of France was based was abolished in England in the events leading to the formation of the United Grand Lodge of England in 1813. However the two jurisdictions continued in amity (mutual recognition) until events of the 1860s and 1870s drove a seemingly permanent wedge between them. In 1868 the Supreme Council of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of the State of Louisiana appeared in the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of Louisiana, recognised by the Grand Orient de France, but regarded by the older body as an invasion of their jurisdiction. The new Scottish rite body admitted blacks, and the resolution of the Grand Orient the following year that neither colour, race, nor religion could disqualify a man from Masonry prompted the Grand Lodge to withdraw recognition, and it persuaded other American Grand Lodges to do the same.

question: When was the United Grand Lodge of England Formed? 

answer: 1813

question: The Grand Orient de France and the United Grand Lodge of England continued in amity until when? 

answer: the 1860s and 1870s

question: What year did the Supreme Council of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Louisiana appear in the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of Louisiana? 

answer: 1868
Title: Freemasonry
Context: In 1983, the Church issued a new code of canon law. Unlike its predecessor, the 1983 Code of Canon Law did not explicitly name Masonic orders among the secret societies it condemns. It states: "A person who joins an association which plots against the Church is to be punished with a just penalty; one who promotes or takes office in such an association is to be punished with an interdict." This named omission of Masonic orders caused both Catholics and Freemasons to believe that the ban on Catholics becoming Freemasons may have been lifted, especially after the perceived liberalisation of Vatican II. However, the matter was clarified when Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger (later Pope Benedict XVI), as the Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, issued a Declaration on Masonic Associations, which states: "... the Church's negative judgment in regard to Masonic association remains unchanged since their principles have always been considered irreconcilable with the doctrine of the Church and therefore membership in them remains forbidden. The faithful who enroll in Masonic associations are in a state of grave sin and may not receive Holy Communion." For its part, Freemasonry has never objected to Catholics joining their fraternity. Those Grand Lodges in amity with UGLE deny the Church's claims. The UGLE now states that "Freemasonry does not seek to replace a Mason's religion or provide a substitute for it."

question: In what year was a new code to the Canon Law issued by the church? 

answer: 1983

question: Who clarified the new code of Canon law of 1983? 

answer: Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger

question: Do Freemasons allow Catholics into their fraternity? 

answer: Freemasonry has never objected to Catholics joining their fraternity