praj-17/QA-MCQ-Open-ended huggingface dataset:
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Context: Alexander Graham Bell (March 3, 1847 – August 2, 1922) was a Scottish-born[N 3] scientist, inventor, engineer and innovator who is credited with patenting the first practical telephone.

question: What is Bell most famous for inventing? 

answer: telephone

question: What year did Bell die? 

answer: 1922

question: What was special about his telephone? 

answer: practical

question: What is Bell's full name? 

answer: Alexander Graham Bell

question: What is Bell famous for inventing? 

answer: telephone
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Context: Bell's father, grandfather, and brother had all been associated with work on elocution and speech, and both his mother and wife were deaf, profoundly influencing Bell's life's work. His research on hearing and speech further led him to experiment with hearing devices which eventually culminated in Bell being awarded the first U.S. patent for the telephone in 1876.[N 4] Bell considered his most famous invention an intrusion on his real work as a scientist and refused to have a telephone in his study.[N 5]

question: What were his relatives known for working on? 

answer: elocution and speech

question: What was interesting about his mother and wife? 

answer: deaf

question: What year did Bell get the patent for his telephone? 

answer: 1876

question: In what country did Bell patent his telephone? 

answer: U.S.

question: What did Bell never put in his study? 

answer: telephone
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Context: Many other inventions marked Bell's later life, including groundbreaking work in optical telecommunications, hydrofoils and aeronautics. Although Bell was not one of the 33 founders of the National Geographic Society, he had a strong influence on the magazine while serving as the second president from January 7, 1898 until 1903.

question: How many people started the National Geographic Society? 

answer: 33

question: Bell was the second president of what magazine? 

answer: National Geographic Society

question: What field did Bell later work in, apart from optical telecommunications and aeronautics? 

answer: hydrofoils

question: What year did Bell become President of the National Geographic magazine? 

answer: 1898
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Context: Alexander Bell was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, on March 3, 1847. The family home was at 16 South Charlotte Street, and has a stone inscription marking it as Alexander Graham Bell's birthplace. He had two brothers: Melville James Bell (1845–70) and Edward Charles Bell (1848–67), both of whom would die of tuberculosis. His father was Professor Alexander Melville Bell, a phonetician, and his mother was Eliza Grace (née Symonds). Born as just "Alexander Bell", at age 10 he made a plea to his father to have a middle name like his two brothers.[N 6] For his 11th birthday, his father acquiesced and allowed him to adopt the name "Graham", chosen out of respect for Alexander Graham, a Canadian being treated by his father who had become a family friend. To close relatives and friends he remained "Aleck".

question: What city was Bell born in? 

answer: Edinburgh

question: What material marks Bells family  home as his birthplace? 

answer: stone

question: What disease did his two brothers die of? 

answer: tuberculosis

question: At what age did Bell ask for a middle name? 

answer: 10

question: What did those close to him call Bell? 

answer: Aleck
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Context: As a child, young Bell displayed a natural curiosity about his world, resulting in gathering botanical specimens as well as experimenting even at an early age. His best friend was Ben Herdman, a neighbor whose family operated a flour mill, the scene of many forays. Young Bell asked what needed to be done at the mill. He was told wheat had to be dehusked through a laborious process and at the age of 12, Bell built a homemade device that combined rotating paddles with sets of nail brushes, creating a simple dehusking machine that was put into operation and used steadily for a number of years. In return, John Herdman gave both boys the run of a small workshop in which to "invent".

question: What sort of things did Bell collect as a child? 

answer: botanical specimens

question: Who was Bell's closest friend as a child? 

answer: Ben Herdman

question: What sort of mill did Bell's neighbors run? 

answer: flour

question: Bell's dehusking machine combined what with nail brushes? 

answer: rotating paddles

question: What was Bell's reward for his dehusking machine? 

answer: small workshop
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Context: From his early years, Bell showed a sensitive nature and a talent for art, poetry, and music that was encouraged by his mother. With no formal training, he mastered the piano and became the family's pianist. Despite being normally quiet and introspective, he reveled in mimicry and "voice tricks" akin to ventriloquism that continually entertained family guests during their occasional visits. Bell was also deeply affected by his mother's gradual deafness, (she began to lose her hearing when he was 12) and learned a manual finger language so he could sit at her side and tap out silently the conversations swirling around the family parlour. He also developed a technique of speaking in clear, modulated tones directly into his mother's forehead wherein she would hear him with reasonable clarity. Bell's preoccupation with his mother's deafness led him to study acoustics.

question: Bell was gifted at art, poetry, and what? 

answer: music

question: What did Bell succeed at without being taught? 

answer: piano

question: How old was Bell when his mom started to go deaf? 

answer: 12

question: What part of his mom's head would Bell talk into? 

answer: forehead

question: What did Bell research because of his mom's deafness? 

answer: acoustics
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Context: His family was long associated with the teaching of elocution: his grandfather, Alexander Bell, in London, his uncle in Dublin, and his father, in Edinburgh, were all elocutionists. His father published a variety of works on the subject, several of which are still well known, especially his The Standard Elocutionist (1860), which appeared in Edinburgh in 1868. The Standard Elocutionist appeared in 168 British editions and sold over a quarter of a million copies in the United States alone. In this treatise, his father explains his methods of how to instruct deaf-mutes (as they were then known) to articulate words and read other people's lip movements to decipher meaning. Bell's father taught him and his brothers not only to write Visible Speech but to identify any symbol and its accompanying sound. Bell became so proficient that he became a part of his father's public demonstrations and astounded audiences with his abilities. He could decipher Visible Speech representing virtually every language, including Latin, Scottish Gaelic, and even Sanskrit, accurately reciting written tracts without any prior knowledge of their pronunciation.

question: Where did Bell's uncle live? 

answer: Dublin

question: What was Bell's father most famous for publishing? 

answer: The Standard Elocutionist

question: Bell learned to accurately read lips even without knowing what? 

answer: pronunciation

question: The Standard Elocutionist was printed how many times? 

answer: 168
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Context: As a young child, Bell, like his brothers, received his early schooling at home from his father. At an early age, however, he was enrolled at the Royal High School, Edinburgh, Scotland, which he left at age 15, completing only the first four forms. His school record was undistinguished, marked by absenteeism and lacklustre grades. His main interest remained in the sciences, especially biology, while he treated other school subjects with indifference, to the dismay of his demanding father. Upon leaving school, Bell travelled to London to live with his grandfather, Alexander Bell. During the year he spent with his grandfather, a love of learning was born, with long hours spent in serious discussion and study. The elder Bell took great efforts to have his young pupil learn to speak clearly and with conviction, the attributes that his pupil would need to become a teacher himself. At age 16, Bell secured a position as a "pupil-teacher" of elocution and music, in Weston House Academy, at Elgin, Moray, Scotland. Although he was enrolled as a student in Latin and Greek, he instructed classes himself in return for board and £10 per session. The following year, he attended the University of Edinburgh; joining his older brother Melville who had enrolled there the previous year. In 1868, not long before he departed for Canada with his family, Bell completed his matriculation exams and was accepted for admission to the University of London.

question: Who taught Bell when he was very young? 

answer: father

question: What school did Bell leave at 15? 

answer: Royal High School

question: What was Bell's favorite subject? 

answer: biology

question: How old was Bell when he became a "pupil-teacher"? 

answer: 16
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Context: His father encouraged Bell's interest in speech and, in 1863, took his sons to see a unique automaton, developed by Sir Charles Wheatstone based on the earlier work of Baron Wolfgang von Kempelen. The rudimentary "mechanical man" simulated a human voice. Bell was fascinated by the machine and after he obtained a copy of von Kempelen's book, published in German, and had laboriously translated it, he and his older brother Melville built their own automaton head. Their father, highly interested in their project, offered to pay for any supplies and spurred the boys on with the enticement of a "big prize" if they were successful. While his brother constructed the throat and larynx, Bell tackled the more difficult task of recreating a realistic skull. His efforts resulted in a remarkably lifelike head that could "speak", albeit only a few words. The boys would carefully adjust the "lips" and when a bellows forced air through the windpipe, a very recognizable "Mama" ensued, to the delight of neighbors who came to see the Bell invention.

question: In what year did Bell's father take him to see an automaton? 

answer: 1863

question: Who created the automaton Bell saw? 

answer: Sir Charles Wheatstone

question: What did the automaton mimic? 

answer: human voice

question: Bell built his own automaton with who? 

answer: Melville

question: What part of the automaton did Bell create? 

answer: skull
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Context: Intrigued by the results of the automaton, Bell continued to experiment with a live subject, the family's Skye Terrier, "Trouve". After he taught it to growl continuously, Bell would reach into its mouth and manipulate the dog's lips and vocal cords to produce a crude-sounding "Ow ah oo ga ma ma". With little convincing, visitors believed his dog could articulate "How are you grandma?" More indicative of his playful nature, his experiments convinced onlookers that they saw a "talking dog". However, these initial forays into experimentation with sound led Bell to undertake his first serious work on the transmission of sound, using tuning forks to explore resonance.

question: What living thing did Bell use in his research? 

answer: Skye Terrier

question: What was Bell's pet's name? 

answer: Trouve

question: What phrase did people believe Bell's dog could say? 

answer: How are you grandma?

question: Bell investigated resonance using what? 

answer: tuning forks

question: What did Bell  instruct his dog to do? 

answer: growl continuously
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Context: At the age of 19, he wrote a report on his work and sent it to philologist Alexander Ellis, a colleague of his father (who would later be portrayed as Professor Henry Higgins in Pygmalion). Ellis immediately wrote back indicating that the experiments were similar to existing work in Germany, and also lent Bell a copy of Hermann von Helmholtz's work, The Sensations of Tone as a Physiological Basis for the Theory of Music.

question: Who did Bell get to read his work? 

answer: Alexander Ellis

question: What country was doing work similar to Bell's? 

answer: Germany

question: Who wrote The Sensations of Tone as a Physiological Basis for the Theory of Music? 

answer: Hermann von Helmholtz

question: How old was Bell when he wrote his paper? 

answer: 19

question: What fictional character is based on Alexander Ellis? 

answer: Professor Henry Higgins
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Context: Dismayed to find that groundbreaking work had already been undertaken by Helmholtz who had conveyed vowel sounds by means of a similar tuning fork "contraption", he pored over the German scientist's book. Working from his own erroneous mistranslation of a French edition, Bell fortuitously then made a deduction that would be the underpinning of all his future work on transmitting sound, reporting: "Without knowing much about the subject, it seemed to me that if vowel sounds could be produced by electrical means, so could consonants, so could articulate speech." He also later remarked: "I thought that Helmholtz had done it ... and that my failure was due only to my ignorance of electricity. It was a valuable blunder ... If I had been able to read German in those days, I might never have commenced my experiments!"[N 7]

question: By what means did Bell conclude vowel sounds could be made? 

answer: electrical

question: What else besides vowels did Bell decide could be created? 

answer: consonants

question: What language was Bell happy he couldn't read? 

answer: German

question: What did Bell think he didn't know well enough? 

answer: electricity
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Context: In 1865, when the Bell family moved to London, Bell returned to Weston House as an assistant master and, in his spare hours, continued experiments on sound using a minimum of laboratory equipment. Bell concentrated on experimenting with electricity to convey sound and later installed a telegraph wire from his room in Somerset College to that of a friend. Throughout late 1867, his health faltered mainly through exhaustion. His younger brother, Edward "Ted," was similarly bed-ridden, suffering from tuberculosis. While Bell recovered (by then referring to himself in correspondence as "A.G. Bell") and served the next year as an instructor at Somerset College, Bath, England, his brother's condition deteriorated. Edward would never recover. Upon his brother's death, Bell returned home in 1867. His older brother Melville had married and moved out. With aspirations to obtain a degree at University College London, Bell considered his next years as preparation for the degree examinations, devoting his spare time at his family's residence to studying.

question: In what year did the Bell's move to London? 

answer: 1865

question: Where did Bell go in work in 1865? 

answer: Weston House

question: What building was Bell in? 

answer: Somerset College

question: How did Bell sign his letters? 

answer: A.G. Bell

question: In what year did Bell move home? 

answer: 1867
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Context: Helping his father in Visible Speech demonstrations and lectures brought Bell to Susanna E. Hull's private school for the deaf in South Kensington, London. His first two pupils were "deaf mute" girls who made remarkable progress under his tutelage. While his older brother seemed to achieve success on many fronts including opening his own elocution school, applying for a patent on an invention, and starting a family, Bell continued as a teacher. However, in May 1870, Melville died from complications due to tuberculosis, causing a family crisis. His father had also suffered a debilitating illness earlier in life and had been restored to health by a convalescence in Newfoundland. Bell's parents embarked upon a long-planned move when they realized that their remaining son was also sickly. Acting decisively, Alexander Melville Bell asked Bell to arrange for the sale of all the family property,[N 8] conclude all of his brother's affairs (Bell took over his last student, curing a pronounced lisp), and join his father and mother in setting out for the "New World". Reluctantly, Bell also had to conclude a relationship with Marie Eccleston, who, as he had surmised, was not prepared to leave England with him.

question: What city is Susanna E. Hull located in? 

answer: South Kensington

question: What sort of student attended Susanna E. Hull? 

answer: deaf

question: Who died in 1870? 

answer: Melville

question: Where did Bell's father go to recover from illness? 

answer: Newfoundland

question: What did Bell help his final student get rid of? 

answer: lisp
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Context: In 1870, at age 23, Bell, his brother's widow, Caroline (Margaret Ottaway), and his parents travelled on the SS Nestorian to Canada. After landing at Quebec City the Bells transferred to another steamer to Montreal and then boarded a train to Paris, Ontario, to stay with the Reverend Thomas Henderson, a family friend. After a brief stay with the Hendersons, the Bell family purchased a farm of 10.5 acres (42,000 m2) at Tutelo Heights (now called Tutela Heights), near Brantford, Ontario. The property consisted of an orchard, large farm house, stable, pigsty, hen-house, and a carriage house, which bordered the Grand River.[N 9]

question: How old was Bell when he went to Canada? 

answer: 23

question: What boat did Bell travel on? 

answer: SS Nestorian

question: In what Canadian city did Bell first arrive? 

answer: Quebec City

question: What city did Bell arrive at by train? 

answer: Paris

question: How many acres was the farm the Bell's bought in Canada? 

answer: 10.5
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Context: At the homestead, Bell set up his own workshop in the converted carriage house near to what he called his "dreaming place", a large hollow nestled in trees at the back of the property above the river. Despite his frail condition upon arriving in Canada, Bell found the climate and environs to his liking, and rapidly improved.[N 10] He continued his interest in the study of the human voice and when he discovered the Six Nations Reserve across the river at Onondaga, he learned the Mohawk language and translated its unwritten vocabulary into Visible Speech symbols. For his work, Bell was awarded the title of Honorary Chief and participated in a ceremony where he donned a Mohawk headdress and danced traditional dances.[N 11]

question: What building did Bell use as a workshop? 

answer: carriage house

question: What did Bell call his special spot in the back of the property? 

answer: dreaming place

question: What Native American language did Bell learn? 

answer: Mohawk

question: What special status did Bell get in the Mohawk tribe? 

answer: Honorary Chief

question: Where was the Six Nations Reserve located? 

answer: Onondaga
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Context: After setting up his workshop, Bell continued experiments based on Helmholtz's work with electricity and sound. He also modified a melodeon (a type of pump organ) so that it could transmit its music electrically over a distance. Once the family was settled in, both Bell and his father made plans to establish a teaching practice and in 1871, he accompanied his father to Montreal, where Melville was offered a position to teach his System of Visible Speech.

question: What did Bell rework to send music? 

answer: melodeon

question: What is a melodeon a kind of? 

answer: pump organ

question: When did Bell go to Montreal? 

answer: 1871

question: Who went with Bell to Montreal? 

answer: father

question: How did Bell's reworked melodeon send music? 

answer: electrically
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Context: Bell's father was invited by Sarah Fuller, principal of the Boston School for Deaf Mutes (which continues today as the public Horace Mann School for the Deaf), in Boston, Massachusetts, to introduce the Visible Speech System by providing training for Fuller's instructors, but he declined the post in favor of his son. Traveling to Boston in April 1871, Bell proved successful in training the school's instructors. He was subsequently asked to repeat the program at the American Asylum for Deaf-mutes in Hartford, Connecticut, and the Clarke School for the Deaf in Northampton, Massachusetts.

question: Who ran the Boston School for Deaf Mutes? 

answer: Sarah Fuller

question: What name does the Boston School for Deaf Mutes go by now? 

answer: the public Horace Mann School for the Deaf

question: What month did Bell go to Boston? 

answer: April

question: Bell trained who in Boston? 

answer: instructors

question: What city was the American Asylum in? 

answer: Hartford
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Context: Returning home to Brantford after six months abroad, Bell continued his experiments with his "harmonic telegraph".[N 12] The basic concept behind his device was that messages could be sent through a single wire if each message was transmitted at a different pitch, but work on both the transmitter and receiver was needed.

question: How many wires did Bell send a signal through? 

answer: 1

question: For  his system to work, Bell had to change what about each code? 

answer: pitch

question: Bell needed to fix both the transmitter and what? 

answer: receiver

question: Where was Bell's home? 

answer: Brantford
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Context: Unsure of his future, he first contemplated returning to London to complete his studies, but decided to return to Boston as a teacher. His father helped him set up his private practice by contacting Gardiner Greene Hubbard, the president of the Clarke School for the Deaf for a recommendation. Teaching his father's system, in October 1872, Alexander Bell opened his "School of Vocal Physiology and Mechanics of Speech" in Boston, which attracted a large number of deaf pupils, with his first class numbering 30 students. While he was working as a private tutor, one of his most famous pupils was Helen Keller, who came to him as a young child unable to see, hear, or speak. She was later to say that Bell dedicated his life to the penetration of that "inhuman silence which separates and estranges." In 1893, Keller performed the sod-breaking ceremony for the construction of the new Bell's new Volta Bureau, dedicated to "the increase and diffusion of knowledge relating to the deaf".

question: What city did Bell decide to return to? 

answer: Boston

question: In what year did Bell open his own school? 

answer: 1872

question: How many people were in Bell's first class? 

answer: 30

question: Which of Bell's students is the most well known? 

answer: Helen Keller
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Context: Several influential people of the time, including Bell, viewed deafness as something that should be eradicated, and also believed that with resources and effort they could teach the deaf to speak and avoid the use of sign language, thus enabling their integration within the wider society from which many were often being excluded. In several schools, children were mistreated, for example by having their hands tied behind their backs so they could not communicate by signing—the only language they knew—in an attempt to force them to attempt oral communication. Owing to his efforts to suppress the teaching of sign language, Bell is often viewed negatively by those embracing Deaf culture.

question: Bell's goal was to instruct the deaf to speak and not use what? 

answer: sign language

question: What would happen so some children's hands in schools? 

answer: tied behind their backs

question: In what light to many pro-deaf people see Bell? 

answer: negative

question: What was the only language many deaf people had? 

answer: signing