praj-17/QA-MCQ-Open-ended huggingface dataset:
Title: Gymnastics
Context: Aerobic gymnastics (formally Sport Aerobics) involves the performance of routines by individuals, pairs, trios or groups up to 6 people, emphasizing strength, flexibility, and aerobic fitness rather than acrobatic or balance skills. Routines are performed for all individuals on a 7x7m floor and also for 12–14 and 15-17 trios and mixed pairs. From 2009, all senior trios and mixed pairs were required to be on the larger floor (10x10m), all groups also perform on this floor. Routines generally last 60–90 seconds depending on age of participant and routine category.

question: What was aerobic gymnastics called orginally? 

answer: Sport Aerobics

question: What does aerobic gymnastiscs involve? 

answer: the performance of routines by individuals, pairs, trios or groups up to 6 people, emphasizing strength, flexibility, and aerobic fitness

question: How many people can be in a routine? 

answer: individuals, pairs, trios or groups up to 6 people

question: What is the size of the mat? 

answer: 7x7m

question: How long do the routines last? 

answer: Routines generally last 60–90 seconds depending on age of participant and routine category
Title: Gymnastics
Context: General gymnastics enables people of all ages and abilities to participate in performance groups of 6 to more than 150 athletes. They perform synchronized, choreographed routines. Troupes may consist of both genders and are not separated into age divisions. The largest general gymnastics exhibition is the quadrennial World Gymnaestrada which was first held in 1939. In 1984 Gymnastics for All was officially recognized first as a Sport Program by the FIG (International Gymnastic Federation), and subsequently by national gymnastic federations worldwide with participants that now number 30 million.

question: What kind of routines do general gymnastic groups perform? 

answer: synchronized, choreographed routines

question: What do the troupes consist of? 

answer: of both genders and are not separated into age divisions

question: When was the first World Gymnaestrada held? 

answer: 1939

question: What was the first Sport Program recongized by FIG? 

answer: Gymnastics for All

question: How many participants are there? 

answer: 30 million
Title: Gymnastics
Context: Gymnastics is a sport involving the performance of exercises requiring strength, flexibility, balance and control. Internationally, all events are governed by the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG). Each country has its own national governing body (BIW) affiliated to FIG. Competitive artistic gymnastics is the best known of the gymnastic events. It typically involves the women's events of vault, uneven bars, balance beam, and floor exercise. Men's events are floor exercise, pommel horse, still rings, vault, parallel bars, and the high bar. Gymnastics evolved from exercises used by the ancient Greeks that included skills for mounting and dismounting a horse, and from circus performance skills.

question: What is gymnastics? 

answer: Gymnastics is a sport involving the performance of exercises requiring strength, flexibility, balance and control

question: Who governs all events in gymnastics? 

answer: Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG)

question: What does each country have? 

answer: Each country has its own national governing body (BIW) affiliated to FIG

question: What are the best known gymnastic events? 

answer: Competitive artistic gymnastics

question: What events does this normally consist of for women? 

answer: vault, uneven bars, balance beam, and floor exercise.
Title: Gymnastics
Context: In the late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century Germany, three pioneer physical educators – Johann Friedrich GutsMuths (1759–1839) and Friedrich Ludwig Jahn (1778–1852) – created exercises for boys and young men on apparatus they had designed that ultimately led to what is considered modern gymnastics. Don Francisco Amorós y Ondeano, was born on February 19, 1770 in Valence and died on August 8, 1848 in Paris. He was a Spanish colonel, and the first person to introduce educative gymnastic in France. Jahn promoted the use of parallel bars, rings and high bar in international competition.

question: What two Germans were known for creating exercises on apparauses? 

answer: Johann Friedrich GutsMuths (1759–1839) and Friedrich Ludwig Jahn (1778–1852)

question: What did the exercises lead to? 

answer: to what is considered modern gymnastics

question: Who introduced educative gymnastics in France? 

answer: Don Francisco Amorós y Ondeano

question: What did Jahn promote the use of? 

answer: parallel bars, rings and high bar
Title: Gymnastics
Context: In 2006, FIG introduced a new points system for Artistic gymnastics in which scores are no longer limited to 10 points. The system is used in the US for elite level competition. Unlike the old code of points, there are two separate scores, an execution score and a difficulty score. In the previous system, the "execution score" was the only score. It was and still is out of 10.00. During the gymnast's performance, the judges deduct this score only. A fall, on or off the event, is a 1.00 deduction, in elite level gymnastics. The introduction of the difficulty score is a significant change. The gymnast's difficulty score is based on what elements they perform and is subject to change if they do not perform or complete all the skills, or they do not connect a skill meant to be connected to another. Connection bonuses are the most common deduction from a difficulty score, as it can be difficult to connect multiple flight elements. It is very hard to connect skills if the first skill is not performed correctly. The new code of points allows the gymnasts to gain higher scores based on the difficulty of the skills they perform as well as their execution. There is no maximum score for difficulty, as it can keep increasing as the difficulty of the skills increase.

question: When did FIG decide that scores are no longer limited to 10 points? 

answer: 2006

question: What are the two different scores? 

answer: an execution score and a difficulty score

question: What score was added? 

answer: difficulty score

question: How much is a fall deduction? 

answer: 1.00 deduction

question: What is a gymnast's difficulty score based on? 

answer: what elements they perform
Title: Gymnastics
Context: In the past, the floor exercise event was executed on the bare floor or mats such as wrestling mats. Today, the floor event occurs on a carpeted 12m × 12m square, usually consisting of hard foam over a layer of plywood, which is supported by springs or foam blocks generally called a "spring" floor. This provides a firm surface that provides extra bounce or spring when compressed, allowing gymnasts to achieve greater height and a softer landing after the composed skill. Gymnasts perform a choreographed routine up to 90 seconds in the floor exercise event; Depending on the level, they may choose their own, or, if known as a "compulsory gymnast," default music must be played. In some gymnastic associations such as United States Association of Gymnastic Clubs (USAIGC), gymnasts are allowed to have vocals in their music but at USA Gymnastics competitions a large deduction is taken from the score for having vocals in the music. The routine should consist of tumbling lines, series of jumps, leaps, dance elements, acrobatic skills, and turns, or piviots, on one foot. A gymnast can perform up to four tumbling lines that usually includes at least one flight element without hand support. Each level of gymnastics requires the athlete to perform a different number of tumbling passes. In level 7 in the United States, a gymnast is required to do 2–3, and in levels 8–10, at least 3–4 tumbling passes are required.

question: What is the floor exercise events performed on now? 

answer: a carpeted 12m × 12m square, usually consisting of hard foam over a layer of plywood

question: What was the floor exercise even on before? 

answer: the bare floor or mats such as wrestling mats

question: Why helps add an extra bounce to the floor? 

answer: springs or foam blocks generally called a "spring" floor

question: What is the maximum for floor events? 

answer: up to 90 seconds
Title: Gymnastics
Context: In tumbling, athletes perform an explosive series of flips and twists down a sprung tumbling track. Scoring is similar to trampolining. Tumbling was originally contested as one of the events in Men's Artistic Gymnastics at the 1932 Summer Olympics, and in 1955 and 1959 at the Pan American Games. From 1974 to 1998 it was included as an event for both genders at the Acrobatic Gymnastics World Championships. The event has also been contested since 1976 at the Trampoline World Championships. Since the recognition of Trampoline and Acrobatic Gymnastics as FIG disciplines in 1999, official Tumbling competitions are only allowed as an event in Trampoline gymnastics meets.

question: What do athletes perform for tumbling? 

answer: an explosive series of flips and twists down a sprung tumbling track

question: When was tumbling orginally contested at the Olympics? 

answer: 1932

question: Where are offical tumbling competitions allowed? 

answer: only allowed as an event in Trampoline gymnastics meets

question: What year did FIG reconginze Trampoline and Acrobatic Gymnastics? 

answer: 1999
Title: Gymnastics
Context: Men's rhythmic gymnastics is related to both Men's artistic gymnastics and wushu martial arts. It emerged in Japan from stick gymnastics. Stick gymnastics has been taught and performed for many years with the aim of improving physical strength and health. Male athletes are judged on some of the same physical abilities and skills as their female counterparts, such as hand/body-eye co-ordination, but tumbling, strength, power, and martial arts skills are the main focus, as opposed to flexibility and dance in women's rhythmic gymnastics. There are a growing number of participants, competing alone and on a team; it is most popular in Asia, especially in Japan where high school and university teams compete fiercely. As of 2002[update], there were 1000 men's rhythmic gymnasts in Japan.[citation needed]

question: What are mens' rhythmic gymnastics related to? 

answer: both Men's artistic gymnastics and wushu martial arts

question: Where did mens' rhythmic gymnastics develop from? 

answer: stick gymnastics

question: What is the aim of stick gymnastics? 

answer: improving physical strength and health

question: What are the main focus? 

answer: tumbling, strength, power, and martial arts skills are the main focus

question: How many mens' rhythmic gymnasts were in Japan in 2002? 

answer: 1000
Title: Hanover
Context: In 1636 George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, ruler of the Brunswick-Lüneburg principality of Calenberg, moved his residence to Hanover. The Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg were elevated by the Holy Roman Emperor to the rank of Prince-Elector in 1692, and this elevation was confirmed by the Imperial Diet in 1708. Thus the principality was upgraded to the Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg, colloquially known as the Electorate of Hanover after Calenberg's capital (see also: House of Hanover). Its electors would later become monarchs of Great Britain (and from 1801, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland). The first of these was George I Louis, who acceded to the British throne in 1714. The last British monarch who ruled in Hanover was William IV. Semi-Salic law, which required succession by the male line if possible, forbade the accession of Queen Victoria in Hanover. As a male-line descendant of George I, Queen Victoria was herself a member of the House of Hanover. Her descendants, however, bore her husband's titular name of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. Three kings of Great Britain, or the United Kingdom, were concurrently also Electoral Princes of Hanover.

question: Where did the Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg move his residence to? 

answer: Hanover

question: Who elevated the status of the Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg? 

answer: Holy Roman Emperor

question: Who confirmed the elevation of the Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg in 1708? 

answer: Imperial Diet

question: Which other nation would the electors of Hanover become monarchs of? 

answer: Great Britain

question: Who was the first elector from Hanover to sit on the British throne? 

answer: George I Louis
Title: Hanover
Context: As an important railroad and road junction and production center, Hanover was a major target for strategic bombing during World War II, including the Oil Campaign. Targets included the AFA (Stöcken), the Deurag-Nerag refinery (Misburg), the Continental plants (Vahrenwald and Limmer), the United light metal works (VLW) in Ricklingen and Laatzen (today Hanover fairground), the Hanover/Limmer rubber reclamation plant, the Hanomag factory (Linden) and the tank factory M.N.H. Maschinenfabrik Niedersachsen (Badenstedt). Forced labourers were sometimes used from the Hannover-Misburg subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp. Residential areas were also targeted, and more than 6,000 civilians were killed by the Allied bombing raids. More than 90% of the city center was destroyed in a total of 88 bombing raids. After the war, the Aegidienkirche was not rebuilt and its ruins were left as a war memorial.

question: Other than for railroads and road junction, what did Hanover have that made it a major target? 

answer: production center

question: Which campaign specifically was Hanover a target for in World War II? 

answer: Oil Campaign

question: What does VLW stand for? 

answer: United light metal works

question: How many civilians were killed in the Allied bombing raids in World War II? 

answer: more than 6,000

question: How many bombing raids were there during World War II? 

answer: 88
Title: Hanover
Context: The Hanover Zoo is one of the most spectacular and best zoos in Europe. The zoo received the Park Scout Award for the fourth year running in 2009/10, placing it among the best zoos in Germany. The zoo consists of several theme areas: Sambesi, Meyers Farm, Gorilla-Mountain, Jungle-Palace, and Mullewapp. Some smaller areas are Australia, the wooded area for wolves, and the so-called swimming area with many seabirds. There is also a tropical house, a jungle house, and a show arena. The new Canadian-themed area, Yukon Bay, opened in 2010. In 2010 the Hanover Zoo had over 1.6 million visitors.

question: Which zoo is one of the best in Europe? 

answer: Hanover Zoo

question: What award did the Hanover Zoo receive four years in a row? 

answer: Park Scout Award

question: Which animal does the so-called swimming area have? 

answer: seabirds

question: When did the Canadian-theme area in the Hanover Zoo open? 

answer: 2010

question: How many people visited the Hanover Zoo in 2010? 

answer: 1.6 million
Title: Hanover
Context: Hanover's leading cabaret-stage is the GOP Variety theatre which is located in the Georgs Palace. Some other famous cabaret-stages are the Variety Marlene, the Uhu-Theatre. the theatre Die Hinterbühne, the Rampenlich Variety and the revue-stage TAK. The most important Cabaret-Event is the Kleines Fest im Großen Garten (Little Festival in the Great Garden) which is the most successful Cabaret Festival in Germany. It features artists from around the world. Some other important events are the Calenberger Cabaret Weeks, the Hanover Cabaret Festival and the Wintervariety.

question: What famous theatre is located in Georgs Palace? 

answer: GOP Variety theatre

question: What is the most important Cabaret-Event? 

answer: Kleines Fest im Großen Garten

question: Where do artists who feature in the Kleines Fest im Großen Garten come from? 

answer: around the world

question: What is another important event other than the Calenberger Cabaret Weeks or the Hanover Cabaret Festival? 

answer: Wintervariety

question: What is a notable achievement about the Kleines Fest im Großen Garten? 

answer: most successful Cabaret Festival in Germany
Title: Hanover
Context: "Hanover" is the traditional English spelling. The German spelling (with a double n) is becoming more popular in English; recent editions of encyclopedias prefer the German spelling, and the local government uses the German spelling on English websites. The English pronunciation /ˈhænəvər/, with stress on the first syllable and a reduced second syllable, is applied to both the German and English spellings, which is different from German pronunciation [haˈnoːfɐ], with stress on the second syllable and a long second vowel. The traditional English spelling is still used in historical contexts, especially when referring to the British House of Hanover.

question: What does the German spelling of Hanover have that English does not? 

answer: a double n

question: Which version of the spelling of Hanover does the local Government use on English websites? 

answer: German

question: Which syllable does the English spoken version of Hanover stress? 

answer: first

question: Which syllable does the German pronunciation of Hanover stress? 

answer: second

question: Which spelling of Hanover is used in historical contexts? 

answer: traditional English spelling
Title: Hanover
Context: After 1937 the Lord Mayor and the state commissioners of Hanover were members of the NSDAP (Nazi party). A large Jewish population then existed in Hanover. In October 1938, 484 Hanoverian Jews of Polish origin were expelled to Poland, including the Grynszpan family. However, Poland refused to accept them, leaving them stranded at the border with thousands of other Polish-Jewish deportees, fed only intermittently by the Polish Red Cross and Jewish welfare organisations. The Gryszpan's son Herschel Grynszpan was in Paris at the time. When he learned of what was happening, he drove to the German embassy in Paris and shot the German diplomat Eduard Ernst vom Rath, who died shortly afterwards.

question: What does the NSDAP stand for? 

answer: Nazi party

question: After which year did the Lord Mayor join the NSDAP? 

answer: 1937

question: How many Hanoverian Jews were expelled in 1938? 

answer: 484

question: Who assassinated the German diplomat Eduard Ernst vom Rath? 

answer: Herschel Grynszpan

question: Which city was the German diplomat in when he got assassinated? 

answer: Paris
Title: Hanover
Context: The Great Garden is an important European baroque garden. The palace itself, however, was largely destroyed by Allied bombing but is currently under reconstruction.[citation needed] Some points of interest are the Grotto (the interior was designed by the French artist Niki de Saint-Phalle), the Gallery Building, the Orangerie and the two pavilions by Remy de la Fosse. The Great Garden consists of several parts. The most popular ones are the Great Ground and the Nouveau Jardin. At the centre of the Nouveau Jardin is Europe's highest garden fountain. The historic Garden Theatre inter alia hosted the musicals of the German rock musician Heinz Rudolf Kunze.[citation needed]

question: What kind of garden is The Great Garden? 

answer: European baroque garden

question: What destroyed the palace? 

answer: Allied bombing

question: Who constructed the two pavilions in the palace? 

answer: Remy de la Fosse

question: Other than the Nouveau Jardin, what is the other popular part of The Great Garden? 

answer: Great Ground

question: What is at the centre of the Nouveau Jardin? 

answer: Europe's highest garden fountain
Title: Hanover
Context: Some other popular sights are the Waterloo Column, the Laves House, the Wangenheim Palace, the Lower Saxony State Archives, the Hanover Playhouse, the Kröpcke Clock, the Anzeiger Tower Block, the Administration Building of the NORD/LB, the Cupola Hall of the Congress Centre, the Lower Saxony Stock, the Ministry of Finance, the Garten Church, the Luther Church, the Gehry Tower (designed by the American architect Frank O. Gehry), the specially designed Bus Stops, the Opera House, the Central Station, the Maschsee lake and the city forest Eilenriede, which is one of the largest of its kind in Europe. With around 40 parks, forests and gardens, a couple of lakes, two rivers and one canal, Hanover offers a large variety of leisure activities.

question: Who designed the Gehry Tower? 

answer: Frank O. Gehry

question: What is notable about the city forest Eilenriede? 

answer: one of the largest of its kind in Europe

question: What nationality was the architect of the Gehry Tower? 

answer: American

question: How many parks are there approximately in Hanover? 

answer: 40

question: How many rivers run through Hanover? 

answer: two
Title: Hanover
Context: But Hanover is not only one of the most important Exhibition Cities in the world, it is also one of the German capitals for marksmen. The Schützenfest Hannover is the largest Marksmen's Fun Fair in the world and takes place once a year (late June to early July) (2014 - July 4th to the 13th). It consists of more than 260 rides and inns, five large beer tents and a big entertainment programme. The highlight of this fun fair is the 12 kilometres (7 mi) long Parade of the Marksmen with more than 12.000 participants from all over the world, among them around 5.000 marksmen, 128 bands and more than 70 wagons, carriages and big festival vehicles. It is the longest procession in Europe. Around 2 million people visit this fun fair every year. The landmark of this Fun Fair is the biggest transportable Ferris Wheel in the world (60 m or 197 ft high). The origins of this fun fair is located in the year 1529.

question: What is Hanover a German capital for? 

answer: marksmen

question: What is the name of the largest Marksmen's Fun Fair in the world? 

answer: Schützenfest Hannover

question: How many rides and inns does the fair have? 

answer: more than 260

question: How many participants are int he Parade of the Marksmen? 

answer: 12.000

question: What year can the festival be traced back to? 

answer: 1529
Title: Hanover
Context: The Schnellweg (en: expressway) system, a number of Bundesstraße roads, forms a structure loosely resembling a large ring road together with A2 and A7. The roads are B 3, B 6 and B 65, called Westschnellweg (B6 on the northern part, B3 on the southern part), Messeschnellweg (B3, becomes A37 near Burgdorf, crosses A2, becomes B3 again, changes to B6 at Seelhorster Kreuz, then passes the Hanover fairground as B6 and becomes A37 again before merging into A7) and Südschnellweg (starts out as B65, becomes B3/B6/B65 upon crossing Westschnellweg, then becomes B65 again at Seelhorster Kreuz).

question: What is a Schnellweg? 

answer: expressway

question: What structure does the Schnellweg and a number of roads roughly form? 

answer: a large ring road

question: When does the Messeschnellweg change to the B6? 

answer: Seelhorster Kreuz

question: What road does the Messeschnellweg pass the Hanover fairground as? 

answer: B6

question: What road does the Südschnellweg start out as? 

answer: B65
Title: Hanover
Context: In 1837, the personal union of the United Kingdom and Hanover ended because William IV's heir in the United Kingdom was female (Queen Victoria). Hanover could be inherited only by male heirs. Thus, Hanover passed to William IV's brother, Ernest Augustus, and remained a kingdom until 1866, when it was annexed by Prussia during the Austro-Prussian war. Despite being expected to defeat Prussia at the Battle of Langensalza, Prussia employed Moltke the Elder's Kesselschlacht order of battle to instead destroy the Hanoverian army. The city of Hanover became the capital of the Prussian Province of Hanover. After the annexation, the people of Hanover generally opposed the Prussian government.

question: What ended in the year 1837? 

answer: the personal union of the United Kingdom and Hanover

question: What was the name of William IV's heir? 

answer: Queen Victoria

question: Who did the throne of Hanover pass to instead of Queen Victoria? 

answer: Ernest Augustus

question: What happened to the kingdom of Hanover in 1866? 

answer: annexed by Prussia

question: In which battle was the Hanover army destroyed? 

answer: Battle of Langensalza