praj-17/QA-MCQ-Open-ended huggingface dataset:
Title: Egypt
Context: In 1975, Sadat shifted Nasser's economic policies and sought to use his popularity to reduce government regulations and encourage foreign investment through his program of Infitah. Through this policy, incentives such as reduced taxes and import tariffs attracted some investors, but investments were mainly directed at low risk and profitable ventures like tourism and construction, abandoning Egypt's infant industries. Even though Sadat's policy was intended to modernise Egypt and assist the middle class, it mainly benefited the higher class, and, because of the elimination of subsidies on basic foodstuffs, led to the 1977 Egyptian Bread Riots.

question: What was encouraged through Infitah? 

answer: foreign investment

question: What tools did Infitah use to attract investment? 

answer: reduced taxes and import tariffs

question: What was largely ignored and upset many of Sadat's polidy? 

answer: elimination of subsidies on basic foodstuffs

question: What occured in 1977? 

answer: Egyptian Bread Riots.
Title: Egypt
Context: During Mubarak's reign, the political scene was dominated by the National Democratic Party, which was created by Sadat in 1978. It passed the 1993 Syndicates Law, 1995 Press Law, and 1999 Nongovernmental Associations Law which hampered freedoms of association and expression by imposing new regulations and draconian penalties on violations.[citation needed] As a result, by the late 1990s parliamentary politics had become virtually irrelevant and alternative avenues for political expression were curtailed as well.

question: What group dominated the political scene when Mubarak was in power? 

answer: National Democratic Party,

question: What laws created in 1990s impacted culture? 

answer: 1993 Syndicates Law, 1995 Press Law, and 1999 Nongovernmental Associations Law

question: When did parliamentary politics become irrelevant in Egypt? 

answer: late 1990s
Title: Egypt
Context: Constitutional changes voted on 19 March 2007 prohibited parties from using religion as a basis for political activity, allowed the drafting of a new anti-terrorism law, authorised broad police powers of arrest and surveillance, and gave the president power to dissolve parliament and end judicial election monitoring. In 2009, Dr. Ali El Deen Hilal Dessouki, Media Secretary of the National Democratic Party (NDP), described Egypt as a "pharaonic" political system, and democracy as a "long-term goal". Dessouki also stated that "the real center of power in Egypt is the military".

question: What did constitutional changes in 2007 prohibit? 

answer: parties from using religion as a basis for political activity

question: What was Dr. Ali El Deen Hilal Dessouki's position? 

answer: Media Secretary of the National Democratic Party

question: What was the long term goal for Egypt? 

answer: democracy

question: What presidential powers were included in 2007 law changes? 

answer: power to dissolve parliament and end judicial election monitoring
Title: Egypt
Context: On 18 January 2014, the interim government instituted a new constitution following a referendum in which 98.1% of voters were supportive. Participation was low with only 38.6% of registered voters participating although this was higher than the 33% who voted in a referendum during Morsi's tenure. On 26 March 2014 Abdel Fattah el-Sisi the head of the Egyptian Armed Forces, who at this time was in control of the country, resigned from the military, announcing he would stand as a candidate in the 2014 presidential election. The poll, held between 26 and 28 May 2014, resulted in a landslide victory for el-Sisi. Sisi was sworn into office as President of Egypt on 8 June 2014. The Muslim Brotherhood and some liberal and secular activist groups boycotted the vote. Even though the military-backed authorities extended voting to a third day, the 46% turnout was lower than the 52% turnout in the 2012 election.

question: When was interim government instituted? 

answer: 18 January 2014

question: What was the support by voters for referendum? 

answer: 98.1%

question: Who was elected President in 2014? 

answer: Abdel Fattah el-Sisi

question: What group boycotted the elections? 

answer: Muslim Brotherhood and some liberal and secular activist groups
Title: Egypt
Context: Most of Egypt's rain falls in the winter months. South of Cairo, rainfall averages only around 2 to 5 mm (0.1 to 0.2 in) per year and at intervals of many years. On a very thin strip of the northern coast the rainfall can be as high as 410 mm (16.1 in), mostly between October and March. Snow falls on Sinai's mountains and some of the north coastal cities such as Damietta, Baltim, Sidi Barrany, etc. and rarely in Alexandria. A very small amount of snow fell on Cairo on 13 December 2013, the first time Cairo received snowfall in many decades. Frost is also known in mid-Sinai and mid-Egypt. Egypt is the driest and the sunniest country in the world, and most of its land surface is desert.

question: When does most of Egypts rain fall? 

answer: winter months

question: Where does snow fall in Egypt? 

answer: Sinai's mountains and some of the north coastal cities

question: When was the last snow fall in Cairo? 

answer: 13 December 2013,

question: What is the sunniest county in the world? 

answer: Egypt
Title: Egypt
Context: The plan stated that the following numbers of species of different groups had been recorded from Egypt: algae (1483 species), animals (about 15,000 species of which more than 10,000 were insects), fungi (more than 627 species), monera (319 species), plants (2426 species), protozoans (371 species). For some major groups, for example lichen-forming fungi and nematode worms, the number was not known. Apart from small and well-studied groups like amphibians, birds, fish, mammals and reptiles, the many of those numbers are likely to increase as further species are recorded from Egypt. For the fungi, including lichen-forming species, for example, subsequent work has shown that over 2200 species have been recorded from Egypt, and the final figure of all fungi actually occurring in the country is expected to be much higher.

question: How many species of plants were recorded in Egypt? 

answer: 2426

question: How many species of fungi were recorded in Egypt? 

answer: 627

question: How many species of algae were recorded in Egypt? 

answer: 1483

question: How many species of animals were recorded in Egypt? 

answer: 15,000

question: How many species of protazoa were recorded in Egypt? 

answer: 371
Title: Egypt
Context: The House of Representatives, whose members are elected to serve five-year terms, specialises in legislation. Elections were last held between November 2011 and January 2012 which was later dissolved. The next parliamentary election will be held within 6 months of the constitution's ratification on 18 January 2014. Originally, the parliament was to be formed before the president was elected, but interim president Adly Mansour pushed the date. The Egyptian presidential election, 2014, took place on 26–28 May 2014. Official figures showed a turnout of 25,578,233 or 47.5%, with Abdel Fattah el-Sisi winning with 23.78 million votes, or 96.91% compared to 757,511 (3.09%) for Hamdeen Sabahi.

question: What branch of government are the House of Representatives focused on? 

answer: legislation

question: What percent of votes did el-Sisi get?  

answer: 96.91%

question: What tems do House of Representatives serve? 

answer: five-year terms

question: Who came in second place in election for Egypt president to es-Sisi? 

answer: Hamdeen Sabahi
Title: Egypt
Context: In the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s, terrorist attacks in Egypt became numerous and severe, and began to target Christian Copts, foreign tourists and government officials. In the 1990s an Islamist group, Al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya, engaged in an extended campaign of violence, from the murders and attempted murders of prominent writers and intellectuals, to the repeated targeting of tourists and foreigners. Serious damage was done to the largest sector of Egypt's economy—tourism—and in turn to the government, but it also devastated the livelihoods of many of the people on whom the group depended for support.

question: Who were primary targets of Egypt terrorist attacks? 

answer: Christian Copts, foreign tourists and government officials

question: What was the name of a high profile terrorist group in Egypt in 1990s? 

answer: Al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya

question: What sector of economy was plagued by terrorism attacks? 

answer: tourism
Title: Egypt
Context: On 18 January 2014, the interim government successfully institutionalised a more secular constitution. The president is elected to a four-year term and may serve 2 terms. The parliament may impeach the president. Under the constitution, there is a guarantee of gender equality and absolute freedom of thought. The military retains the ability to appoint the national Minister of Defence for the next 8 years. Under the constitution, political parties may not be based on "religion, race, gender or geography".

question: When was new constitution institutionalised? 

answer: 18 January 2014

question: How long are presidential terms? 

answer: four-year term

question: How many terms may a president serve? 

answer: 2 terms

question: Who may impeach the president? 

answer: parliament

question: what may not be basis for political party? 

answer: religion, race, gender or geography
Title: Egypt
Context: The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life ranks Egypt as the fifth worst country in the world for religious freedom. The United States Commission on International Religious Freedom, a bipartisan independent agency of the US government, has placed Egypt on its watch list of countries that require close monitoring due to the nature and extent of violations of religious freedom engaged in or tolerated by the government. According to a 2010 Pew Global Attitudes survey, 84% of Egyptians polled supported the death penalty for those who leave Islam; 77% supported whippings and cutting off of hands for theft and robbery; and 82% support stoning a person who commits adultery.

question: Where does Egypt rank for Religious freedom according to Pew Forum? 

answer: fifth worst

question: What percentage of Egyptians polled support death penalty for those leaving Islam? 

answer: 84%

question: What violation could result in stoning and was supported by 82% of Egyptian responders? 

answer: adultery
Title: Egypt
Context: As a result of modernisation efforts over the years, Egypt's healthcare system has made great strides forward. Access to healthcare in both urban and rural areas greatly improved and immunisation programs are now able to cover 98% of the population. Life expectancy increased from 44.8 years during the 1960s to 72.12 years in 2009. There was a noticeable decline of the infant mortality rate (during the 1970s to the 1980s the infant mortality rate was 101-132/1000 live births, in 2000 the rate was 50-60/1000, and in 2008 it was 28-30/1000).

question: What trend has Egypt healthcare made recently? 

answer: great strides forward

question: How much of ppopulation can be covered by immunization programs? 

answer: 98%

question: What was life expectancy in 1960s? 

answer: 44.8 years

question: What was the life expectancy in 2009? 

answer: 72.12 years

question: What direction has infant mortality rate taken? 

answer: noticeable decline
Title: Egypt
Context: Cairo University is ranked as 401-500 according to the Academic Ranking of World Universities (Shanghai Ranking) and 551-600 according to QS World University Rankings. American University in Cairo is ranked as 360 according to QS World University Rankings and Al-Azhar University, Alexandria University and Ain Shams University fall in the 701+ range. Egypt is currently opening new research institutes for the aim of modernising research in the nation, the most recent example of which is Zewail City of Science and Technology.

question: According to QS World University Rankings where does Cairo University rank? 

answer: 551-600

question: According to QS World University Rankings, where does American University in Cairo rank? 

answer: 360

question: According to QS World University Rankings and Al-Azhar University, Alexandria University and Ain Shams University are all ranked where? 

answer: 701+ range

question: What is the aim of new research institutes? 

answer: modernising research
Title: Egypt
Context: Coptic Christians face discrimination at multiple levels of the government, ranging from disproportionate representation in government ministries to laws that limit their ability to build or repair churches. Intolerance of Bahá'ís and non-orthodox Muslim sects, such as Sufis, Shi'a and Ahmadis, also remains a problem. When the government moved to computerise identification cards, members of religious minorities, such as Bahá'ís, could not obtain identification documents. An Egyptian court ruled in early 2008 that members of other faiths may obtain identity cards without listing their faiths, and without becoming officially recognised.

question: What do Coptic Christians face? 

answer: discrimination at multiple levels of the government,

question: When government computerised ID cards who were adversely impacted? 

answer: religious minorities

question: When did Egyptian court rule that members of other faiths could obtain ID cards without listing faith? 

answer: 2008
Title: Egypt
Context: Egypt actively practices capital punishment. Egypt's authorities do not release figures on death sentences and executions, despite repeated requests over the years by human rights organisations. The United Nations human rights office and various NGOs expressed "deep alarm" after an Egyptian Minya Criminal Court sentenced 529 people to death in a single hearing on 25 March 2014. Sentenced supporters of former President Mohamed Morsi will be executed for their alleged role in violence following his ousting in July 2013. The judgment was condemned as a violation of international law. By May 2014, approximately 16,000 people (and as high as more than 40,000 by one independent count), mostly Brotherhood members or supporters, have been imprisoned after the coup  after the Muslim Brotherhood was labelled as terrorist organisation by the post-coup interim Egyptian government.

question: what controversial practice does Egypt actively administer as punishment? 

answer: capital punishment

question: What was Muslim Brotherhood labelled post coup? 

answer: terrorist organisation

question: In March 2014 what number of people were sentenced to death in a single hearing? 

answer: 529

question: What former president's supporters are set to be executed? 

answer: Mohamed Morsi
Title: Egypt
Context: After Morsi was ousted by the military, the judiciary system aligned itself with the new government, actively suopporting the repression of Muslim Brotherhood members. This resulted in a sharp increase in mass death sentences that arose criticism from the US president Barack Obama and the General Secretary of the UN, Ban Ki Moon. In April 2013, one judge of the Minya governatorate of Upper Egypt, sentenced 1,212 people to death. In December 2014 the judge Mohammed Nagi Shahata, notorious for his fierceness in passing on death sentences, condemened to the capital penalty 188 members of the Muslim Brotherhood, for assaulting a police station. Various Egyptian and international human rights organisations have already pointed out the lack of fair trials, that often last only a few minutes and do not take into consideration the procedural standards of fair trials.

question: What US president was critical of Egypt's repression of Muslim Brotherhood? 

answer: US president Barack Obama

question: How many individuals did one judge in Minya governatorate court sentence to death in April 2013? 

answer: 1,212

question: What was the criticism of judge Mohammad NAgi Shatata sentence of 188 member of Muslim Brotherhood for assaulting police station? 

answer: lack of fair trials, that often last only a few minutes
Title: Egypt
Context: The United States provides Egypt with annual military assistance, which in 2015 amounted to US$1.3 billion. In 1989, Egypt was designated as a major non-NATO ally of the United States. Nevertheless, ties between the two countries have partially soured since the July 2013 military coup that deposed Islamist president Mohamed Morsi, with the Obama administration condemning Egypt's violent crackdown on the Muslim Brotherhood and its supporters, and cancelling future military exercises involving the two countries. There have been recent attempts, however, to normalise relations between the two, with both governments frequently calling for mutual support in the fight against regional and international terrorism.

question: How much military assistance di US give Egypt in 2015? 

answer: US$1.3 billion

question: What event soured relations of US and Egypt in 2013? 

answer: Egypt's violent crackdown on the Muslim Brotherhood and its supporters
Title: Egypt
Context: The Egyptian military has dozens of factories manufacturing weapons as well as consumer goods. The Armed Forces' inventory includes equipment from different countries around the world. Equipment from the former Soviet Union is being progressively replaced by more modern US, French, and British equipment, a significant portion of which is built under license in Egypt, such as the M1 Abrams tank.[citation needed] Relations with Russia have improved significantly following Mohamed Morsi's removal and both countries have worked since then to strengthen military and trade ties among other aspects of bilateral co-operation. Relations with China have also improved considerably. In 2014, Egypt and China have established a bilateral "comprehensive strategic partnership".

question: Equipment from what country is being replaced? 

answer: Soviet Union

question: How many factories does Egyptian military have? 

answer: dozens

question: After Morsi removal, what country has Egypt improved relations with? 

answer: Russia

question: In 2014 what country did Egypt form partnership with? 

answer: China
Title: Egypt
Context: The permanent headquarters of the Arab League are located in Cairo and the body's secretary general has traditionally been Egyptian. This position is currently held by former foreign minister Nabil el-Araby. The Arab League briefly moved from Egypt to Tunis in 1978 to protest the Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty, but it later returned to Cairo in 1989. Gulf monarchies, including the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia, have pledged billions of dollars to help Egypt overcome its economic difficulties since the July 2013 coup.

question: Where is the Arab League headquarters? 

answer: Cairo

question: Who is the leader of Arab League? 

answer: Nabil el-Araby

question: What 2 Gulf monarchies have pledged billions of dollars to help Egypt overcome recent economic difficulties? 

answer: United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia
Title: Egypt
Context: Following the 1973 war and the subsequent peace treaty, Egypt became the first Arab nation to establish diplomatic relations with Israel. Despite that, Israel is still widely considered as a hostile state by the majority of Egyptians. Egypt has played a historical role as a mediator in resolving various disputes in the Middle East, most notably its handling of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the peace process. Egypt's ceasefire and truce brokering efforts in Gaza have hardly been challenged following Israel's evacuation of its settlements from the strip in 2005, despite increasing animosity towards the Hamas government in Gaza following the ouster of Mohamed Morsi, and despite recent attempts by countries like Turkey and Qatar to take over this role.

question: What country has Egypt famously had peace with since 1973 treaty? 

answer: Israel

question: Is Israel considered a safe state for egyptians? 

answer: still widely considered as a hostile

question: What rope has Egypt played in Middle East peace efforts? 

answer: mediator
Title: Egypt
Context: Egypt's economy depends mainly on agriculture, media, petroleum imports, natural gas, and tourism; there are also more than three million Egyptians working abroad, mainly in Saudi Arabia, the Persian Gulf and Europe. The completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1970 and the resultant Lake Nasser have altered the time-honored place of the Nile River in the agriculture and ecology of Egypt. A rapidly growing population, limited arable land, and dependence on the Nile all continue to overtax resources and stress the economy.

question: What areas of economy is Egypt dependent on? 

answer: agriculture, media, petroleum imports, natural gas, and tourism

question: Where do Egyptians working abroad work mainly? 

answer: Saudi Arabia, the Persian Gulf and Europe

question: What lake reulted from completion of Aswan High Dam? 

answer: Lake Nasser

question: What year was Aswan High Dam completed? 

answer: 1970
Title: Egypt
Context: Egypt has a developed energy market based on coal, oil, natural gas, and hydro power. Substantial coal deposits in the northeast Sinai are mined at the rate of about 600,000 tonnes (590,000 long tons; 660,000 short tons) per year. Oil and gas are produced in the western desert regions, the Gulf of Suez, and the Nile Delta. Egypt has huge reserves of gas, estimated at 2,180 cubic kilometres (520 cu mi), and LNG up to 2012 exported to many countries. In 2013, the Egyptian General Petroleum Co (EGPC) said the country will cut exports of natural gas and tell major industries to slow output this summer to avoid an energy crisis and stave off political unrest, Reuters has reported. Egypt is counting on top liquid natural gas (LNG) exporter Qatar to obtain additional gas volumes in summer, while encouraging factories to plan their annual maintenance for those months of peak demand, said EGPC chairman, Tarek El Barkatawy. Egypt produces its own energy, but has been a net oil importer since 2008 and is rapidly becoming a net importer of natural gas.

question: Is Egypt able to sustain just from its own energy production? 

answer: has been a net oil importer since 2008

question: How much coal is mine yearly in northeast Sinai? 

answer: 600,000 tonnes

question: What efforts were made in 2013 to maintain sustainability? 

answer: cut exports of natural gas and tell major industries to slow output this summer to avoid an energy crisis

question: What is Egypts energy market based upon? 

answer: coal, oil, natural gas, and hydro power
Title: Egypt
Context: Economic conditions have started to improve considerably, after a period of stagnation, due to the adoption of more liberal economic policies by the government as well as increased revenues from tourism and a booming stock market. In its annual report, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has rated Egypt as one of the top countries in the world undertaking economic reforms. Some major economic reforms undertaken by the government since 2003 include a dramatic slashing of customs and tariffs. A new taxation law implemented in 2005 decreased corporate taxes from 40% to the current 20%, resulting in a stated 100% increase in tax revenue by the year 2006.

question: What has been the trend lately in the Egypt economy? 

answer: improve considerably

question: What area of business have boomed lately in Egypt? 

answer: stock market

question: What was change made to corporate taxes in 2005? 

answer: decreased corporate taxes from 40% to the current 20%

question: What ws the overall impact to tax revenue from change of corporate tax rate? 

answer: 100% increase in tax revenue by the year 2006