praj-17/QA-MCQ-Open-ended huggingface dataset:
Title: Germans
Context: A German ethnicity emerged in the course of the Middle Ages, ultimately as a result of the formation of the kingdom of Germany within East Francia and later the Holy Roman Empire, beginning in the 9th century. The process was gradual and lacked any clear definition, and the use of exonyms designating "the Germans" develops only during the High Middle Ages. The title of rex teutonicum "King of the Germans" is first used in the late 11th century, by the chancery of Pope Gregory VII, to describe the future Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation Henry IV. Natively, the term ein diutscher ("a German") is used for the people of Germany from the 12th century.

question: What period in history do we see the emergence of German culture? 

answer: High Middle Ages

question: The kingdom of Germany formed within what outer established empires? 

answer: East Francia

question: When was the Title King of the Germans first used? 

answer: late 11th century

question: Who coined the phrase "king of the Germans" 

answer: chancery of Pope Gregory VII,

question: Who was given the prilavage of being called the first King of the Germans? 

answer: Henry IV

question: When did a German ethnicity emerge? 

answer: the Middle Ages

question: When is the title of rex teutonicum first used? 

answer: the late 11th century

question: Who first used rex teutonicum? 

answer: Pope Gregory VII

question: When is ein diutscher first used? 

answer: 12th century

question: What does ein diutscher mean? 

answer: a German
Title: Germans
Context: After Christianization, the Roman Catholic Church and local rulers led German expansion and settlement in areas inhabited by Slavs and Balts, known as Ostsiedlung. During the wars waged in the Baltic by the Catholic German Teutonic Knights; the lands inhabited by the ethnic group of the Old Prussians (the current reference to the people known then simply as the "Prussians"), were conquered by the Germans. The Old Prussians were an ethnic group related to the Latvian and Lithuanian Baltic peoples. The former German state of Prussia took its name from the Baltic Prussians, although it was led by Germans who had assimilated the Old Prussians; the old Prussian language was extinct by the 17th or early 18th century. The Slavic people of the Teutonic-controlled Baltic were assimilated into German culture and eventually there were many intermarriages of Slavic and German families, including amongst the Prussia's aristocracy known as the Junkers. Prussian military strategist Karl von Clausewitz is a famous German whose surname is of Slavic origin. Massive German settlement led to the assimilation of Baltic (Old Prussians) and Slavic (Wends) populations, who were exhausted by previous warfare.

question: The Expansion of Germany  by the Catholic Church into the areas of the Slavs and balts is know as what? 

answer: Ostsiedlung

question: What was the name of the group that waged war in the Baltic? 

answer: Catholic German Teutonic Knights

question: Who was the Old Prussians ethnic group related to? 

answer: Latvian and Lithuanian Baltic peoples

question: Although conquered the Persian language lived on till when? 

answer: 17th or early 18th century

question: Who is a famous German that  name has Slavic origins? 

answer: Karl von Clausewitz

question: When was the Prussian language extinct? 

answer: 17th or early 18th century

question: What happened to the Slavic people of the Baltic? 

answer: were assimilated into German culture

question: Who led the German expansion? 

answer: the Roman Catholic Church and local rulers

question: What famous German military strategist has a name with Slavic origin? 

answer: Karl von Clausewitz

question: What let to the assimilation of Baltic and Slavic populations? 

answer: Massive German settlement
Title: Germans
Context: At the same time, naval innovations led to a German domination of trade in the Baltic Sea and parts of Eastern Europe through the Hanseatic League. Along the trade routes, Hanseatic trade stations became centers of the German culture. German town law (Stadtrecht) was promoted by the presence of large, relatively wealthy German populations, their influence and political power. Thus people who would be considered "Germans", with a common culture, language, and worldview different from that of the surrounding rural peoples, colonized trading towns as far north of present-day Germany as Bergen (in Norway), Stockholm (in Sweden), and Vyborg (now in Russia). The Hanseatic League was not exclusively German in any ethnic sense: many towns who joined the league were outside the Holy Roman Empire and a number of them may only loosely be characterized as German. The Empire itself was not entirely German either. It had a multi-ethnic and multi-lingual structure, some of the smaller ethnicities and languages used at different times were Dutch, Italian, French, Czech and Polish.

question: German's domination of trade in the Eastern Europe was credited to what? 

answer: naval innovations

question: Because of the increased trade what places became the hubs of German culture? 

answer: Hanseatic trade stations

question: What was promoted due to wealth and power of the German families? 

answer: Stadtrecht

question: the holy roman empire due to its many different conquests was seen as what type of society? 

answer: multi-ethnic and multi-lingual

question: What helped the Germans dominate trade? 

answer: naval innovations

question: What is the German work for German town law? 

answer: Stadtrecht

question: Was the Hanseatic league exclusively German? 

answer: The Hanseatic League was not exclusively German

question: What other ethnicities, besides German were part of The Empire? 

answer: Dutch, Italian, French, Czech and Polish
Title: Germans
Context: By the Middle Ages, large numbers of Jews lived in the Holy Roman Empire and had assimilated into German culture, including many Jews who had previously assimilated into French culture and had spoken a mixed Judeo-French language. Upon assimilating into German culture, the Jewish German peoples incorporated major parts of the German language and elements of other European languages into a mixed language known as Yiddish. However tolerance and assimilation of Jews in German society suddenly ended during the Crusades with many Jews being forcefully expelled from Germany and Western Yiddish disappeared as a language in Germany over the centuries, with German Jewish people fully adopting the German language.

question: By what time period had many of the Jewish  population joined the Holy Roman Empire? 

answer: Middle Ages

question: The Jewish populations upon migrating into the German society mingled languages to form what new language?  

answer: Yiddish

question: What cause the tolerance and mixing  into German Society to end for the Jews? 

answer: Crusades

question: What language did many of the Jews speak after the crusades?  

answer: German

question: What language did the Jews speak prior to assimilating into German culture? 

answer: Judeo-French

question: After assimilating to German culture, what language did the Jews adopt? 

answer: Yiddish.

question: When did Jewish assimilation end? 

answer: during the Crusades

question: What happened to the Jews during the crusades? 

answer: forcefully expelled from Germany
Title: Germans
Context: The Napoleonic Wars were the cause of the final dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, and ultimately the cause for the quest for a German nation state in 19th-century German nationalism. After the Congress of Vienna, Austria and Prussia emerged as two competitors. Austria, trying to remain the dominant power in Central Europe, led the way in the terms of the Congress of Vienna. The Congress of Vienna was essentially conservative, assuring that little would change in Europe and preventing Germany from uniting. These terms came to a sudden halt following the Revolutions of 1848 and the Crimean War in 1856, paving the way for German unification in the 1860s. By the 1820s, large numbers of Jewish German women had intermarried with Christian German men and had converted to Christianity. Jewish German Eduard Lasker was a prominent German nationalist figure who promoted the unification of Germany in the mid-19th century.

question: What was one of the main factors that caused the dissolve of the Holy Roman Empire? 

answer: Napoleonic Wars

question: What assured  Europe would remain the same preventing Germany from becoming one country? 

answer: Congress of Vienna

question: When was the Crimean War? 

answer: 1856

question: When was Germany's unification?  

answer: 1860s

question: What prominent Jewish German  sought German unification in the mid 19th century? 

answer: Eduard Lasker

question: What was the cause of the final dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire? 

answer: The Napoleonic Wars

question: What two countries emerged as competitors after the Congress of Vienna? 

answer: Austria and Prussia

question: Who led the way for the Congress of Vienna? 

answer: Austria

question: In what decade was German unification? 

answer: 1860s

question: Who was Eduard Lasker? 

answer: a prominent German nationalist figure who promoted the unification of Germany in the mid-19th century
Title: Germans
Context: In 1866, the feud between Austria and Prussia finally came to a head. There were several reasons behind this war. As German nationalism grew strongly inside the German Confederation and neither could decide on how Germany was going to be unified into a nation-state. The Austrians favoured the Greater Germany unification but were not willing to give up any of the non-German-speaking land inside of the Austrian Empire and take second place to Prussia. The Prussians however wanted to unify Germany as Little Germany primarily by the Kingdom of Prussia, whilst excluding Austria. In the final battle of the German war (Battle of Königgrätz) the Prussians successfully defeated the Austrians and succeeded in creating the North German Confederation.

question: When did the strife between Austria and Prussia erupt? 

answer: 1866

question: in What conflict of the German war did the Prussians successfully create the North German Confederation? 

answer: (Battle of Königgrätz

question: What was Germany going to be called if Prussian won? 

answer: Little Germany

question: What was Austria not willing to give up to settle the conflict? 

answer: non-German-speaking land inside of the Austrian Empire

question: When did Austria and Prussia go to war? 

answer: 1866

question: Who won the battle of Koniggratz? 

answer: Prussia

question: What did the Prussians want Germany to unify under? 

answer: Little Germany

question: What was created when the Prussians defeated Austria?? 

answer: North German Confederation
Title: Germans
Context: In 1870, after France attacked Prussia, Prussia and its new allies in Southern Germany (among them Bavaria) were victorious in the Franco-Prussian War. It created the German Empire in 1871 as a German nation-state, effectively excluding the multi-ethnic Austrian Habsburg monarchy and Liechtenstein. Integrating the Austrians nevertheless remained a strong desire for many people of Germany and Austria, especially among the liberals, the social democrats and also the Catholics who were a minority within the Protestant Germany.

question: When did France attack Prussia?  

answer: 1870

question: Who won the Franco-Prussian War? 

answer: Prussia and its new allies in Southern Germany

question: When was the German Empire founded? 

answer: 1871

question: What regions was excluded from the German Empire? 

answer: effectively excluding the multi-ethnic Austrian Habsburg monarchy

question: What was the primary religion of Germany? 

answer: Protestant

question: When was the German empire created? 

answer: 1871

question: Who was excluded from the German Nation State? 

answer: Austrian Habsburg monarchy and Liechtenstein

question: What religion was a majority in Germany? 

answer: Protestant

question: What did many people in Germany still want to do? 

answer: Integrating the Austrians
Title: Germans
Context: The Nazis, led by Adolf Hitler, attempted to unite all the people they claimed were "Germans" (Volksdeutsche) into one realm, including ethnic Germans in eastern Europe, many of whom had emigrated more than one hundred fifty years before and developed separate cultures in their new lands. This idea was initially welcomed by many ethnic Germans in Sudetenland, Austria, Poland, Danzig and western Lithuania, particularly the Germans from Klaipeda (Memel). The Swiss resisted the idea. They had viewed themselves as a distinctly separate nation since the Peace of Westphalia of 1648.

question: What leader tried to unite all people considered themselves "German" 

answer: Adolf Hitler

question: Who resisted the uniting of people under Hitler? 

answer: The Swiss

question: The Swiss has viewed themselves as their own country since what year? 

answer: 1648

question: Who welcomed the idea in area such as Sudetenland and Poland? 

answer: ethnic Germans

question: Who headed the Nazis? 

answer: Adolf Hitler

question: Who resisted the Nazi idea of uniting all Germans from the get go? 

answer: The Swiss

question: Since when had the Swiss viewed themselves as a different nation? 

answer: 1648

question: When was the Peace of Westphalia? 

answer: 1648

question: Who wanted to unite all of the Germans all over the area? 

answer: The Nazis
Title: Germans
Context: After World War II, eastern European countries such as the Soviet Union, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania and Yugoslavia expelled the Germans from their territories. Many of those had inhabited these lands for centuries, developing a unique culture. Germans were also forced to leave the former eastern territories of Germany, which were annexed by Poland (Silesia, Pomerania, parts of Brandenburg and southern part of East Prussia) and the Soviet Union (northern part of East Prussia). Between 12 and 16,5 million ethnic Germans and German citizens were expelled westwards to allied-occupied Germany.

question: With the conclusion of World War 2 what did most Eastern Europe countries do with their German citizens? 

answer: expelled the Germans

question: How long did many of the Germans live in the eastern Europe countries before being expelled?  

answer: for centuries

question: Approximately how many Germans were expelled from their home after world war II? 

answer: 12 and 16,5 million ethnic Germans and German citizens

question: After World War II where were Germans forced to relocate to? 

answer: westwards to allied-occupied Germany

question: How many Germans were expelled after WWII? 

answer: Between 12 and 16,5 million

question: After what war were Germans expelled from their territories?  

answer: World War II

question: Where were Germans that were inhabiting other lands expelled to? 

answer: allied-occupied Germany
Title: Germans
Context: The event of the Protestant Reformation and the politics that ensued has been cited as the origins of German identity that arose in response to the spread of a common German language and literature. Early German national culture was developed through literary and religious figures including Martin Luther, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich Schiller. The concept of a German nation was developed by German philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder. The popularity of German identity arose in the aftermath of the French Revolution.

question: What is credited with the origins of the German identity? 

answer: Protestant Reformation

question: How was early German culture developed? 

answer: literary and religious figures

question: What man is credited with the emergence of the German nation? 

answer: Johann Gottfried Herder

question: When did the popularity of the German nation increase? 

answer: aftermath of the French Revolution

question: What is credited with creating the Origins of a German identity? 

answer: Protestant Reformation

question: Who developed the concept of a German Nation? 

answer: Johann Gottfried Herder

question: When did the popularity of a German identity arise? 

answer: in the aftermath of the French Revolution

question: Who was Johann Herder? 

answer: German philosopher
Title: Germans
Context: Persons who speak German as their first language, look German and whose families have lived in Germany for generations are considered "most German", followed by categories of diminishing Germanness such as Aussiedler (people of German ancestry whose families have lived in Eastern Europe but who have returned to Germany), Restdeutsche (people living in lands that have historically belonged to Germany but which is currently outside of Germany), Auswanderer (people whose families have emigrated from Germany and who still speak German), German speakers in German-speaking nations such as Austrians, and finally people of German emigrant background who no longer speak German.

question: Residence that speak German as their mother tongue and  families have been in place for generations are often consider? 

answer: most German

question: What is the name given to Germans who family left but came back to the lands? 

answer: Aussiedler

question: What is the name of  gven to the population that lives outside of current Germany boundary but still within historic Germany? 

answer: Restdeutsche

question: What are refugees from Germany that still speak German referred to? 

answer: Auswanderer

question: People who have generations of family in Germany, and look and speak German are classified as what? 

answer: most German

question: Who are people of German ancestry but have lived in other parts of Europe, then returned to Germany? 

answer: Aussiedler

question: What are people who have ancestral roots in Germany, but now live outside of Germany called? 

answer: Restdeutsche

question: What are people called who have left Germany but still speak German? 

answer: Auswanderer
Title: Germans
Context: The native language of Germans is German, a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch, and sharing many similarities with the North Germanic and Scandinavian languages. Spoken by approximately 100 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and the most widely spoken first language in the European Union. German has been replaced by English as the dominant language of science-related Nobel Prize laureates during the second half of the 20th century. It was a lingua franca in the Holy Roman Empire.

question: What is the native language of Germans? 

answer: German

question: What languages is German related to? 

answer: English and Dutch

question: How many natives speak German? 

answer: 100 million

question: What is the most commonly spoken language in the European Union? 

answer: German

question: What is the dominant language of science? 

answer: English
Title: Germans
Context: People of German origin are found in various places around the globe. United States is home to approximately 50 million German Americans or one third of the German diaspora, making it the largest centre of German-descended people outside Germany. Brazil is the second largest with 5 million people claiming German ancestry. Other significant centres are Canada, Argentina, South Africa and France each accounting for at least 1 million. While the exact number of German-descended people is difficult to calculate, the available data makes it safe to claim the number is exceeding 100 million people.

question: How many German Americans are there? 

answer: 50 million

question: How many Germans live in Brazil? 

answer: 5 million

question: How many people in the world have German heritage? 

answer: 100 million

question: America is home to what percentage of German decedent people? 

answer: one third
Title: Germans
Context: German philosophers have helped shape western philosophy from as early as the Middle Ages (Albertus Magnus). Later, Leibniz (17th century) and most importantly Kant played central roles in the history of philosophy. Kantianism inspired the work of Schopenhauer and Nietzsche as well as German idealism defended by Fichte and Hegel. Engels helped develop communist theory in the second half of the 19th century while Heidegger and Gadamer pursued the tradition of German philosophy in the 20th century. A number of German intellectuals were also influential in sociology, most notably Adorno, Habermas, Horkheimer, Luhmann, Simmel, Tönnies, and Weber. The University of Berlin founded in 1810 by linguist and philosopher Wilhelm von Humboldt served as an influential model for a number of modern western universities.

question: Who is a German philosopher from the middle ages? 

answer: Albertus Magnus

question: When was Leibniz an active philosopher? 

answer: 17th century

question: What German philosopher inspired Schopenhauer and Nietzsche? 

answer: Kant

question: In the late 19th century, which German philosopher helped develop the idea of communism? 

answer: Engels

question: When was the University of Berlin founded? 

answer: 1810
Title: Germans
Context: The work of David Hilbert and Max Planck was crucial to the foundation of modern physics, which Werner Heisenberg and Erwin Schrödinger developed further. They were preceded by such key physicists as Hermann von Helmholtz, Joseph von Fraunhofer, and Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit, among others. Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovered X-rays, an accomplishment that made him the first winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901. The Walhalla temple for "laudable and distinguished Germans", features a number of scientists, and is located east of Regensburg, in Bavaria.

question: Who discovered X-Rays? 

answer: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen

question: Who won the first Nobel Prize in Physics? 

answer: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen

question: In what year, was the first Nobel Prize in Physics won? 

answer: 1901

question: Where is the Walhalla temple located? 

answer: Bavaria

question: What two people were important to the creation of modern physics? 

answer: David Hilbert and Max Planck
Title: Germans
Context: In the field of music, Germany claims some of the most renowned classical composers of the world including Bach, Mozart and Beethoven, who marked the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western classical music. Other composers of the Austro-German tradition who achieved international fame include Brahms, Wagner, Haydn, Schubert, Händel, Schumann, Liszt, Mendelssohn Bartholdy, Johann Strauss II, Bruckner, Mahler, Telemann, Richard Strauss, Schoenberg, Orff, and most recently, Henze, Lachenmann, and Stockhausen.

question: From which country is Bach, Mozart and Beethoven from? 

answer: Germany

question: In what tradition of music did Brahms Wagner and Hadyn achieve fame? 

answer: Austro-German

question: Who marked the switch from classical to romantic eras in classical music? 

answer: Beethoven