praj-17/QA-MCQ-Open-ended huggingface dataset:
Title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact
Context: At the same time, British, French, and Soviet negotiators scheduled three-party talks on military matters to occur in Moscow in August 1939, aiming to define what the agreement would specify should be the reaction of the three powers to a German attack. The tripartite military talks, started in mid-August, hit a sticking point regarding the passage of Soviet troops through Poland if Germans attacked, and the parties waited as British and French officials overseas pressured Polish officials to agree to such terms. Polish officials refused to allow Soviet troops into Polish territory if Germany attacked; as Polish foreign minister Józef Beck pointed out, they feared that once the Red Army entered their territories, it might never leave.

question: In what city did the tripartite military talks occur during the month of August? 

answer: Moscow

question: Why did Poland deny the proposal of the Soviet Union protecting them from a German Attack? 

answer: once the Red Army entered their territories, it might never leave.

question: Who did not want their country protected by the Soviet military? 

answer: Poland
Title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact
Context: On August 19, the 1939 German–Soviet Commercial Agreement was finally signed. On 21 August, the Soviets suspended Tripartite military talks, citing other reasons. That same day, Stalin received assurance that Germany would approve secret protocols to the proposed non-aggression pact that would place half of Poland (border along the Vistula river), Latvia, Estonia, Finland, and Bessarabia in the Soviets' sphere of influence. That night, Stalin replied that the Soviets were willing to sign the pact and that he would receive Ribbentrop on 23 August.

question: What was the German-Soviet dividing line in regards to annexing Poland? 

answer: Vistula river

question: How many days after the German-Soviet agreement were the Tripartite discussions ceased? 

answer: 2

question: What other countries did the Soviet government agree to annex through the agreement with Germany? 

answer: Latvia, Estonia, Finland, and Bessarabia
Title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact
Context: On 22 August, one day after the talks broke down with France and Britain, Moscow revealed that Ribbentrop would visit Stalin the next day. This happened while the Soviets were still negotiating with the British and French missions in Moscow. With the Western nations unwilling to accede to Soviet demands, Stalin instead entered a secret Nazi–Soviet pact. On 24 August a 10-year non-aggression pact was signed with provisions that included: consultation, arbitration if either party disagreed, neutrality if either went to war against a third power, no membership of a group "which is directly or indirectly aimed at the other".

question: Which Foreign Minister would agree to meet with Stalin on to sign a secret agreement?  

answer: Ribbentrop

question: How long was the secret agreement between Germany and the Soviets? 

answer: 10-year

question: Part of the secret agreement between the Germans and the Soviets included a neutral diplomatic approach when? 

answer: either went to war against a third power
Title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact
Context: Most notably, there was also a secret protocol to the pact, revealed only after Germany's defeat in 1945, although hints about its provisions were leaked much earlier, e.g., to influence Lithuania. According to said protocol Romania, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Finland were divided into German and Soviet "spheres of influence". In the north, Finland, Estonia and Latvia were assigned to the Soviet sphere. Poland was to be partitioned in the event of its "political rearrangement"—the areas east of the Pisa, Narev, Vistula and San rivers going to the Soviet Union while Germany would occupy the west. Lithuania, adjacent to East Prussia, would be in the German sphere of influence, although a second secret protocol agreed to in September 1939 reassigned the majority of Lithuania to the USSR. According to the secret protocol, Lithuania would be granted the city of Vilnius – its historical capital, which was under Polish control during the inter-war period. Another clause of the treaty was that Germany would not interfere with the Soviet Union's actions towards Bessarabia, then part of Romania; as the result, Bessarabia was joined to the Moldovan ASSR, and become the Moldovan SSR under control of Moscow.

question: What country held the city Vilnius prior to the inter-war period?  

answer: Lithuania

question: What country would reclaim the city of Vilnius? 

answer: Lithuania

question: What rivers would the soviet union claim as their own during the invasion of poland? 

answer: Pisa, Narev, Vistula and San rivers

question: Who would claim Lithuania under their political umbrella? 

answer: German

question: Bessarabia eventually became under the control of which country? 

answer: Soviet Union
Title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact
Context: On 24 August, Pravda and Izvestia carried news of the non-secret portions of the Pact, complete with the now infamous front-page picture of Molotov signing the treaty, with a smiling Stalin looking on. The news was met with utter shock and surprise by government leaders and media worldwide, most of whom were aware only of the British–French–Soviet negotiations that had taken place for months. The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact was received with shock by Nazi Germany's allies, notably Japan, by the Comintern and foreign communist parties, and by Jewish communities all around the world. So, that day, German diplomat Hans von Herwarth, whose grandmother was Jewish, informed Guido Relli, an Italian diplomat, and American chargé d'affaires Charles Bohlen on the secret protocol regarding vital interests in the countries' allotted "spheres of influence", without revealing the annexation rights for "territorial and political rearrangement".

question: Which diplomat leaked information about the secret agreements? 

answer: Hans von Herwarth

question: Which ally of Germany was most surprised by the signing of the agreement? 

answer: Japan

question: How long had the tripartite discussions been taking place? 

answer: place for months
Title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact
Context: Soviet propaganda and representatives went to great lengths to minimize the importance of the fact that they had opposed and fought against the Nazis in various ways for a decade prior to signing the Pact. Upon signing the pact, Molotov tried to reassure the Germans of his good intentions by commenting to journalists that "fascism is a matter of taste". For its part, Nazi Germany also did a public volte-face regarding its virulent opposition to the Soviet Union, though Hitler still viewed an attack on the Soviet Union as "inevitable".[citation needed]

question: Who downplayed the contrast and recent past history between German and the Soviets? 

answer: Molotov

question: How long did the anti-Nazi propaganda machine run before the pact-signing? 

answer: a decade

question: A war with the USSR was considered certain according to whom? 

answer: Hitler
Title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact
Context: The day after the Pact was signed, the French and British military negotiation delegation urgently requested a meeting with Soviet military negotiator Kliment Voroshilov. On August 25, Voroshilov told them "[i]n view of the changed political situation, no useful purpose can be served in continuing the conversation." That day, Hitler told the British ambassador to Berlin that the pact with the Soviets prevented Germany from facing a two front war, changing the strategic situation from that in World War I, and that Britain should accept his demands regarding Poland.

question: What was the response of  Kliment Voroshilov in regards to further conversations with Britain and France? 

answer: no useful purpose

question: Who should accept the annexation of Poland? 

answer: Britain

question: By accepting the deal with the USSR, Hitler admitted that it prevented what? 

answer: facing a two front war
Title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact
Context: On 1 September, Germany invaded Poland from the west. Within the first few days of the invasion, Germany began conducting massacres of Polish and Jewish civilians and POWs. These executions took place in over 30 towns and villages in the first month of German occupation. The Luftwaffe also took part by strafing fleeing civilian refugees on roads and carrying out a bombing campaign. The Soviet Union assisted German air forces by allowing them to use signals broadcast by the Soviet radio station at Minsk allegedly "for urgent aeronautical experiments".

question: How did the Russians communicate to the Germans in regards to bombing civilians trying to flee cities? 

answer: signals broadcast by the Soviet radio

question: What day did German invade Poland? 

answer: 1 September

question: How long did the Germans massacre Polish and Jewish civilians?  

answer: month
Title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact
Context: On 21 September, the Soviets and Germans signed a formal agreement coordinating military movements in Poland, including the "purging" of saboteurs. A joint German–Soviet parade was held in Lvov and Brest-Litovsk, while the countries commanders met in the latter location. Stalin had decided in August that he was going to liquidate the Polish state, and a German–Soviet meeting in September addressed the future structure of the "Polish region". Soviet authorities immediately started a campaign of Sovietization of the newly acquired areas. The Soviets organized staged elections, the result of which was to become a legitimization of Soviet annexation of eastern Poland.

question: Why did Soviets create fake elections in Poland? 

answer: legitimization of Soviet annexation of eastern Poland

question: Where did the Nazi and Russian leaders meet to discuss what to do with Poland? 

answer: Brest-Litovsk

question: Where were cooperative military parades held? 

answer: Lvov and Brest-Litovsk
Title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact
Context: Eleven days after the Soviet invasion of the Polish Kresy, the secret protocol of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact was modified by the German–Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Demarcation,) allotting Germany a larger part of Poland and transferring Lithuania's territory (with the exception of left bank of river Scheschupe, the "Lithuanian Strip") from the envisioned German sphere to the Soviets. On 28 September 1939, the Soviet Union and German Reich issued a joint declaration in which they declared:

question: After amending the joint agreement, who received the larger portion of Lithuania? 

answer: Germany

question: What was the amended joint agreement called? 

answer: German–Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Demarcation

question: How long after the annexation of Kresy was the amendment made? 

answer: Eleven days
Title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact
Context: After the Baltic states were forced to accept treaties, Stalin turned his sights on Finland, confident that Finnish capitulation could be attained without great effort. The Soviets demanded territories on the Karelian Isthmus, the islands of the Gulf of Finland and a military base near the Finnish capital Helsinki, which Finland rejected. The Soviets staged the shelling of Mainila and used it as a pretext to withdraw from the non-aggression pact. The Red Army attacked in November 1939. Simultaneously, Stalin set up a puppet government in the Finnish Democratic Republic.[clarification needed] The leader of the Leningrad Military District Andrei Zhdanov commissioned a celebratory piece from Dmitri Shostakovich, entitled "Suite on Finnish Themes" to be performed as the marching bands of the Red Army would be parading through Helsinki. After Finnish defenses surprisingly held out for over three months while inflicting stiff losses on Soviet forces, the Soviets settled for an interim peace. Finland ceded southeastern areas of Karelia (10% of Finnish territory), which resulted in approximately 422,000 Karelians (12% of Finland's population) losing their homes. Soviet official casualty counts in the war exceeded 200,000, although Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev later claimed the casualties may have been one million.

question: The Soviets took over and setup a fake government in what country? 

answer: Finnish Democratic Republic

question: How long did the Finnish military last during the invasion by the soviets? 

answer: over three months

question: Although officially, the number of soviets wounded during the invasion of finland was around 200,000, who said the real numbers may have been closer to a million? 

answer: Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev

question: How many Finnish people lost their homes? 

answer: 422,000
Title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact
Context: In mid-June 1940, when international attention was focused on the German invasion of France, Soviet NKVD troops raided border posts in Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia. State administrations were liquidated and replaced by Soviet cadres, in which 34,250 Latvians, 75,000 Lithuanians and almost 60,000 Estonians were deported or killed. Elections were held with single pro-Soviet candidates listed for many positions, with resulting peoples assemblies immediately requesting admission into the USSR, which was granted by the Soviet Union. The USSR annexed the whole of Lithuania, including the Scheschupe area, which was to be given to Germany.

question: Who invaded the countries of Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia?  

answer: Soviet NKVD

question: What region of Lithuania was to be turned over to the Nazis? 

answer: Scheschupe area

question: Of the three countries invaded, which lost the least amount of people through deportation or loss of life? 

answer: Latvia

question: How did these countries become part of the USSR? 

answer: Elections were held with single pro-Soviet candidates
Title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact
Context: Finally, on 26 June, four days after France sued for an armistice with the Third Reich, the Soviet Union issued an ultimatum demanding Bessarabia and, unexpectedly, Northern Bukovina from Romania. Two days later, the Romanians caved to the Soviet demands and the Soviets occupied the territory. The Hertza region was initially not requested by the USSR but was later occupied by force after the Romanians agreed to the initial Soviet demands. The subsequent waves of deportations began in Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina.

question: How many days after France sued for peace did the Romanians meet the requests of the USSR? 

answer: 6

question: What month did France sue for peace? 

answer: June

question: How many days did it take for the Romanians give into the Soviets requests? 

answer: Two days
Title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact
Context: Elimination of Polish elites and intelligentia was part of Generalplan Ost. The Intelligenzaktion, a plan to eliminate the Polish intelligentsia, Poland's 'leadership class', took place soon after the German invasion of Poland, lasting from fall of 1939 till spring of 1940. As the result of this operation in 10 regional actions about 60,000 Polish nobles, teachers, social workers, priests, judges and political activists were killed. It was continued in May 1940 when Germany launched AB-Aktion, More than 16,000 members of the intelligentsia were murdered in Operation Tannenberg alone.

question: Who were the “intelligentia?”  

answer: Polish nobles, teachers, social workers, priests, judges and political activists

question: How long did liquidation occur? 

answer: fall of 1939 till spring of 1940

question:  How many intelligentia were killed during operation AB-Akiton? 

answer: 16,000 members
Title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact
Context: Although Germany used forced labourers in most occupied countries, Poles and other Slavs were viewed as inferior by Nazi propaganda, thus, better suited for such duties. Between 1 and 2.5 million Polish citizens were transported to the Reich for forced labour, against their will. All Polish males were required to perform forced labour. While ethnic Poles were subject to selective persecution, all ethnic Jews were targeted by the Reich. In the winter of 1939–40, about 100,000 Jews were thus deported to Poland. They were initially gathered into massive urban ghettos, such as 380,000 held in the Warsaw Ghetto, where large numbers died under the harsh conditions therein, including 43,000 in the Warsaw Ghetto alone. Poles and ethnic Jews were imprisoned in nearly every camp of the extensive concentration camp system in German-occupied Poland and the Reich. In Auschwitz, which began operating on 14 June 1940, 1.1 million people died.

question: How many Jews were forced to live within the Warsaw Ghetto?  

answer: 380,000

question: How many Jews died in the Warsa Ghetto? 

answer: 43,000

question: Which group of people were considered inferior? 

answer: Poles and other Slavs

question: How many Polish people were used in labor camps? 

answer: Between 1 and 2.5 million Polish citizens

question: How many people are believed to have died in Auschwitz? 

answer: 1.1 million people
Title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact
Context: On 10 January 1941, Germany and the Soviet Union signed an agreement settling several ongoing issues. Secret protocols in the new agreement modified the "Secret Additional Protocols" of the German–Soviet Boundary and Friendship Treaty, ceding the Lithuanian Strip to the Soviet Union in exchange for 7.5 million dollars (31.5 million Reichsmark). The agreement formally set the border between Germany and the Soviet Union between the Igorka river and the Baltic Sea. It also extended trade regulation of the 1940 German–Soviet Commercial Agreement until August 1, 1942, increased deliveries above the levels of year one of that agreement, settled trading rights in the Baltics and Bessarabia, calculated the compensation for German property interests in the Baltic States now occupied by the Soviets and other issues. It also covered the migration to Germany within two and a half months of ethnic Germans and German citizens in Soviet-held Baltic territories, and the migration to the Soviet Union of Baltic and "White Russian" "nationals" in German-held territories.

question: How much did the transfer of the Lithuanian Strip cost the Soviet Union? 

answer: 7.5 million dollars (31.5 million Reichsmark)

question: How long did germans have to relocate from the baltic states after the amendment of secret protocols? 

answer: two and a half months

question: How long did the Russians have to relocate from the german occupied regions? 

answer: two and a half months

question: How long did the amendment extend the trade agreements? 

answer: until August 1, 1942
Title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact
Context: Before the pact's announcement, Communists in the West denied that such a treaty would be signed. Future member of the Hollywood Ten Herbert Biberman denounced rumors as "Fascist propaganda". Earl Browder, head of the Communist Party USA, stated that "there is as much chance of agreement as of Earl Browder being elected president of the Chamber of Commerce." Beginning in September 1939, the Soviet Comintern suspended all anti-Nazi and anti-fascist propaganda, explaining that the war in Europe was a matter of capitalist states attacking each other for imperialist purposes. Western Communists acted accordingly; while before they supported protecting collective security, now they denounced Britain and France going to war.

question: Who was part of Hollywood Ten? 

answer: Herbert Biberman

question: Who was the leader of the American communist party? 

answer: Earl Browder

question: Who protested the involvement of Britain and France in a war with Germany? 

answer: Western Communists
Title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact
Context: When anti-German demonstrations erupted in Prague, Czechoslovakia, the Comintern ordered the Czech Communist Party to employ all of its strength to paralyze "chauvinist elements." Moscow soon forced the Communist Parties of France and Great Britain to adopt an anti-war position. On 7 September, Stalin called Georgi Dimitrov,[clarification needed] and the latter sketched a new Comintern line on the war. The new line—which stated that the war was unjust and imperialist—was approved by the secretariat of the Communist International on 9 September. Thus, the various western Communist parties now had to oppose the war, and to vote against war credits. Although the French Communists had unanimously voted in Parliament for war credits on 2 September and on 19 September declared their "unshakeable will" to defend the country, on 27 September the Comintern formally instructed the party to condemn the war as imperialist. By 1 October the French Communists advocated listening to German peace proposals, and Communist leader Maurice Thorez deserted from the French Army on 4 October and fled to Russia. Other Communists also deserted from the army.

question: The western communists new rhetoric was that the war was?  

answer: the war was unjust and imperialist

question: The western communists claimed the war was what? 

answer: the war was unjust and imperialist

question: French communists voted for what? 

answer: war credits

question: Where did Maurice Thorez go after deserting the Army? 

answer: fled to Russia
Title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact
Context: The Communist Party of Germany featured similar attitudes. In Die Welt, a communist newspaper published in Stockholm[e] the exiled communist leader Walter Ulbricht opposed the allies (Britain representing "the most reactionary force in the world") and argued: "The German government declared itself ready for friendly relations with the Soviet Union, whereas the English–French war bloc desires a war against the socialist Soviet Union. The Soviet people and the working people of Germany have an interest in preventing the English war plan."

question: Who wanted war with the Soviet Union? 

answer: English–French war bloc

question: Who publicly wanted peace with Soviet Union 

answer: German government

question: The British army was considered to be what by Walter Ulbricbht? 

answer: the most reactionary force in the world
Title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact
Context: When a joint German–Soviet peace initiative was rejected by Britain and France on 28 September 1939, Soviet foreign policy became critical of the Allies and more pro-German in turn. During the fifth session of the Supreme Soviet on 31 October 1939 Molotov analysed the international situation thus giving the direction for Communist propaganda. According to Molotov Germany had a legitimate interest in regaining its position as a great power and the Allies had started an aggressive war in order to maintain the Versailles system.

question: Who refused a German-Soviet peace plan? 

answer: Britain and France

question: Why was the west creating a war? 

answer: to maintain the Versailles system.

question: Who provides rhetoric points for the Soviet propaganda? 

answer: Molotov
Title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact
Context: Molotov declared in his report entitled "On the Foreign Policy of the Soviet Union" (31 October 1939) held on the fifth (extraordinary) session of the Supreme Soviet, that the Western "ruling circles" disguise their intentions with the pretext of defending democracy against Hitlerism, declaring "their aim in war with Germany is nothing more, nothing less than extermination of Hitlerism. [...] There is absolutely no justification for this kind of war. The ideology of Hitlerism, just like any other ideological system, can be accepted or rejected, this is a matter of political views. But everyone grasps, that an ideology can not be exterminated by force, must not be finished off with a war."

question: What was the title of Molotov’s report called? 

answer: On the Foreign Policy of the Soviet Union

question: According to Molotov, what was the goal of the west? 

answer: extermination of Hitlerism

question: Under what guise does the west perform their international policing? 

answer: defending democracy