praj-17/QA-MCQ-Open-ended huggingface dataset:
Title: Portugal
Context: The armed forces have three branches: Navy, Army and Air Force. They serve primarily as a self-defense force whose mission is to protect the territorial integrity of the country and provide humanitarian assistance and security at home and abroad. As of 2008, the three branches numbered 39,200 active personnel including 7,500 women. Portuguese military expenditure in 2009 was $5.2 billion, representing 2.1 percent of GDP. Military conscription was abolished in 2004. The minimum age for voluntary recruitment is 18 years.

question: How many branches make up the Portuguese armed forces? 

answer: three

question: What are the branches of the Portuguese armed forces? 

answer: Navy, Army and Air Force

question: What is the primary purpose of the Portuguese armed forces? 

answer: primarily as a self-defense force whose mission is to protect the territorial integrity of the country and provide humanitarian assistance and security

question: How many women were in the Portuguese armed forces in 2008? 

answer: 7,500

question: How much money was spent on the Portuguese armed forced in 2009? 

answer: $5.2 billion, representing 2.1 percent of GDP
Title: Portugal
Context: The Army (21,000 personnel) comprises three brigades and other small units. An infantry brigade (mainly equipped with Pandur II APC), a mechanized brigade (mainly equipped with Leopard 2 A6 tanks and M113 APC) and a Rapid Reaction Brigade (consisting of paratroopers, commandos and rangers). The Navy (10,700 personnel, of which 1,580 are marines) has five frigates, seven corvettes, two submarines, and 28 patrol and auxiliary vessels. The Air Force (7,500 personnel) has the Lockheed F-16 Fighting Falcon and the Dassault/Dornier Alpha Jet as the main combat aircraft.

question: What is the number of personnel in the army? 

answer: 21,000

question: With what is the infantry brigade mainly equipped with? 

answer: Pandur II APC

question: What is the mechanized brigade mainly equipped with? 

answer: Leopard 2 A6 tanks and M113 APC

question: What does the Rapid Reaction Brigade consist of? 

answer: paratroopers, commandos and rangers

question: How many personnel does the Navy have? 

answer: 10,700
Title: Portugal
Context: In the 20th century, Portugal engaged in two major conflicts: World War I and the Portuguese Colonial War (1961–1974). After the end of the Portuguese Empire in 1975, the Portuguese Armed Forces have participated in peacekeeping missions in East Timor, Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan, Somalia, Iraq (Nasiriyah) and Lebanon. Portugal also conducted several independent unilateral military operations abroad, as were the cases of the interventions of the Portuguese Armed Forces in Angola in 1992 and in Guinea-Bissau in 1998 with the main objectives of protecting and withdrawing of Portuguese and foreign citizens threatened by local civil conflicts.

question: In what two major conflicts did Portugal engage in during the 20th century? 

answer: World War I and the Portuguese Colonial War

question: During which years was the Portuguese Colonial War fought? 

answer: 1961–1974

question: In what countries have the Portuguese Armed Forces participated in peacekeeping missions? 

answer: East Timor, Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan, Somalia, Iraq (Nasiriyah) and Lebanon

question: What are two examples of independent Portuguese unilateral military operations conducted abroad? 

answer: Angola in 1992 and in Guinea-Bissau in 1998
Title: Portugal
Context: After the bailout was announced, the Portuguese government headed by Pedro Passos Coelho managed to implement measures with the intention of improve the State's financial situation, including tax hikes, a freeze of civil service-related lower-wages and cuts of higher-wages by 14.3%, on top of the government's spending cuts. The Portuguese government also agreed to eliminate its golden share in Portugal Telecom which gave it veto power over vital decisions. In 2012, all public servants had already seen an average wage cut of 20% relative to their 2010 baseline, with cuts reaching 25% for those earning more than 1,500 euro per month.

question: Who headed the government after the bailout was announced? 

answer: Pedro Passos Coelho

question: What was the purpose of the Portuguese bailout? 

answer: improve the State's financial situation

question: How was the Portuguese bailout implemented? 

answer: tax hikes, a freeze of civil service-related lower-wages and cuts of higher-wages by 14.3%, on top of the government's spending cuts

question: Between 2010 and 2012, by what percentage were the wages of public servants cut? 

answer: 20%
Title: Portugal
Context: A report released in January 2011 by the Diário de Notícias and published in Portugal by Gradiva, had demonstrated that in the period between the Carnation Revolution in 1974 and 2010, the democratic Portuguese Republic governments encouraged over-expenditure and investment bubbles through unclear Public–private partnerships and funding of numerous ineffective and unnecessary external consultancy and advisory of committees and firms. This allowed considerable slippage in state-managed public works and inflated top management and head officer bonuses and wages. Persistent and lasting recruitment policies boosted the number of redundant public servants. Risky credit, public debt creation, and European structural and cohesion funds were mismanaged across almost four decades.

question: In which year did the Carnation Revolution take place? 

answer: 1974

question: Between 1974 and 2010, how did the Portuguese government encourage over-expenditure and investment bubbles? 

answer: unclear Public–private partnerships and funding of numerous ineffective and unnecessary external consultancy and advisory of committees and firms

question: By whom was a report published in 2011 that demonstrated the Portuguese government encouraged over-expenditure and investment bubbles? 

answer: Diário de Notícias
Title: Portugal
Context: After the financial crisis of 2007–08, it was known in 2008–2009 that two Portuguese banks (Banco Português de Negócios (BPN) and Banco Privado Português (BPP)) had been accumulating losses for years due to bad investments, embezzlement and accounting fraud. The case of BPN was particularly serious because of its size, market share, and the political implications - Portugal's then current President, Cavaco Silva, and some of his political allies, maintained personal and business relationships with the bank and its CEO, who was eventually charged and arrested for fraud and other crimes. In the grounds of avoiding a potentially serious financial crisis in the Portuguese economy, the Portuguese government decided to give them a bailout, eventually at a future loss to taxpayers and to the Portuguese people in general.

question: In what two years was there a financial crisis? 

answer: 2007–08

question: Which two Portuguese banks had been accumulating losses for years? 

answer: Banco Português de Negócios (BPN) and Banco Privado Português (BPP)

question: What caused BPN and BPP to accumulate losses? 

answer: bad investments, embezzlement and accounting fraud

question: Why was the case of BPN more serious? 

answer: its size, market share, and the political implications

question: On what charge was BPN's CEO arrested? 

answer: fraud
Title: Portugal
Context: The Portuguese currency is the euro (€), which replaced the Portuguese Escudo, and the country was one of the original member states of the eurozone. Portugal's central bank is the Banco de Portugal, an integral part of the European System of Central Banks. Most industries, businesses and financial institutions are concentrated in the Lisbon and Porto metropolitan areas—the Setúbal, Aveiro, Braga, Coimbra and Leiria districts are the biggest economic centres outside these two main areas.[citation needed] According to World Travel Awards, Portugal is the Europe's Leading Golf Destination 2012 and 2013.

question: What currency does Portugal use? 

answer: the euro (€)

question: What currency did the euro replace in Portugal? 

answer: Portuguese Escudo

question: What is the name of Portugal's central bank? 

answer: Banco de Portugal

question: In what two areas are most Portuguese industries, businesses, and financial institutions concentrated? 

answer: Lisbon and Porto metropolitan areas

question: According to World Travel Awards, for what activity is Portugal known as Europe's leading destination? 

answer: Golf
Title: Portugal
Context: Since the Carnation Revolution of 1974, which culminated in the end of one of Portugal's most notable phases of economic expansion (that started in the 1960s), a significant change has occurred in the nation's annual economic growth.[citation needed] After the turmoil of the 1974 revolution and the PREC period, Portugal tried to adapt to a changing modern global economy, a process that continues in 2013. Since the 1990s, Portugal's public consumption-based economic development model has been slowly changing to a system that is focused on exports, private investment and the development of the high-tech sector. Consequently, business services have overtaken more traditional industries such as textiles, clothing, footwear and cork (Portugal is the world's leading cork producer), wood products and beverages.

question: In which year did the Carnation Revolution take place? 

answer: 1974

question: What period followed the Carnation Revolution? 

answer: PREC period

question: Since the 90's, how has Portugal's economic development model been changing? 

answer: changing to a system that is focused on exports, private investment and the development of the high-tech sector

question: What are the more traditional industries that have existed in Portugal? 

answer: textiles, clothing, footwear and cork

question: What is Portugal the world's leading producer of? 

answer: cork
Title: Portugal
Context: In the second decade of the 21st century the Portuguese economy suffered its most severe recession since the 1970s resulting in the country having to be bailed out by the European Commission, European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund. The bailout, agreed to in 2011, required Portugal to enter into a range of austerity measures in exchange for funding support of €78 billion. In May 2014 the country exited the bailout but reaffirmed its commitment to maintaining its reformist momentum. At the time of exiting the bailout the economy had contracted by 0.7% in the first quarter of 2014, however unemployment, while still high had fallen to 15.3 percent.

question: By what entities was the Portuguese economy bailed out? 

answer: European Commission, European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund

question: In what year was the economic bailout agreed to? 

answer: 2011

question: How much money was agreed to in the financial bailout? 

answer: €78 billion

question: When did Portugal exit the bailout? 

answer: May 2014

question: By the time Portugal exited the bailout, to what percentage had the unemployment rate fallen? 

answer: 15.3 percent
Title: Portugal
Context: Agriculture in Portugal is based on small to medium-sized family-owned dispersed units. However, the sector also includes larger scale intensive farming export-oriented agrobusinesses backed by companies (like Grupo RAR's Vitacress, Sovena, Lactogal, Vale da Rosa, Companhia das Lezírias and Valouro). The country produces a wide variety of crops and livestock products, including tomatoes, citrus, green vegetables, rice, corn, barley, olives, oilseeds, nuts, cherries, bilberry, table grapes, edible mushrooms, dairy products, poultry and beef.

question: Upon what is Portuguese agriculture based? 

answer: small to medium-sized family-owned dispersed units

question: What types of companies back more large scale, export-oriented agrobusinesses in Portugal? 

answer: Grupo RAR's Vitacress, Sovena, Lactogal, Vale da Rosa, Companhia das Lezírias and Valouro

question: What types of crops does Portugal produce? 

answer: tomatoes, citrus, green vegetables, rice, corn, barley, olives, oilseeds, nuts, cherries, bilberry, table grapes, edible mushrooms

question: What types of livestock products does Portugal produce? 

answer: dairy products, poultry and beef
Title: Portugal
Context: Traditionally a sea-power, Portugal has had a strong tradition in the Portuguese fishing sector and is one of the countries with the highest fish consumption per capita. The main landing sites in Portugal (including Azores and Madeira), according to total landings in weight by year, are the harbours of Matosinhos, Peniche, Olhão, Sesimbra, Figueira da Foz, Sines, Portimão and Madeira. Portuguese processed fish products are exported through several companies, under a number of different brands and registered trademarks, such as Ramirez (the world’s oldest active canned fish producer), Bom Petisco, Nero, Combate, Comur, General, Líder, Manná, Murtosa, Pescador, Pitéu, Tenório, Torreira and Vasco da Gama.[citation needed]

question: Which company is the world's oldest canned fish producer? 

answer: Ramirez

question: What are the names of various companies that produce and export fish products? 

answer: Bom Petisco, Nero, Combate, Comur, General, Líder, Manná, Murtosa, Pescador, Pitéu, Tenório, Torreira and Vasco da Gama

question: What food does Portugal have one of the highest rates of consumption of? 

answer: fish
Title: Portugal
Context: Portugal is a significant European minerals producer and is ranked among Europe's leading copper producers. The nation is also a notable producer of tin, tungsten and uranium. However, the country lacks the potential to conduct hydrocarbon exploration and aluminium, a limitation that has hindered the development of Portugal's mining and metallurgy sectors. Although the country has vast iron and coal reserves—mainly in the north—after the 1974 revolution and the consequent economic globalization, low competitiveness forced a decrease in the extraction activity for these minerals. The Panasqueira and Neves-Corvo mines are among the most recognised Portuguese mines that are still in operation.[citation needed]

question: What mineral is Portugal ranked as a leading European producer of? 

answer: copper

question: What are three types of minerals Portugal is a notable producer of? 

answer: tin, tungsten and uranium

question: What type of exploration does Portugal lack the potential for? 

answer: hydrocarbon

question: In which region does Portugal have vast reserves of iron and coal? 

answer: north

question: What event triggered a decrease in the extraction of Portugal's natural resources? 

answer: 1974 revolution and the consequent economic globalization
Title: Portugal
Context: Industry is diversified, ranging from automotive (Volkswagen Autoeuropa and Peugeot Citroen), aerospace (Embraer and OGMA), electronics and textiles, to food, chemicals, cement and wood pulp. Volkswagen Group's AutoEuropa motor vehicle assembly plant in Palmela is among the largest foreign direct investment projects in Portugal. Modern non-traditional technology-based industries, such as aerospace, biotechnology and information technology, have been developed in several locations across the country. Alverca, Covilhã, Évora, and Ponte de Sor are the main centres of the Portuguese aerospace industry, which is led by Brazil-based company Embraer and the Portuguese company OGMA. Following the turn of the 21st century, many major biotechnology and information technology industries have been founded, and are concentrated in the metropolitan areas of Lisbon, Porto, Braga, Coimbra and Aveiro.[citation needed]

question: What automotive brands exist in Portugal? 

answer: Volkswagen Autoeuropa and Peugeot Citroen

question: What aerospace companies exist in Portugal? 

answer: Embraer and OGMA

question: Where is Volkswagen Group's AutoEuropa assembly plant located? 

answer: Palmela

question: What are the main centers for the Portuguese aerospace industries? 

answer: Alverca, Covilhã, Évora, and Ponte de Sor

question: Where are the main centers of the biotech and IT industries located? 

answer: Lisbon, Porto, Braga, Coimbra and Aveiro
Title: Portugal
Context: Travel and tourism continue to be extremely important for Portugal, with visitor numbers forecast to increase significantly in the future.[citation needed] However, the increasing competition from Eastern European destinations continues to develop, with the presence of similar attractions that are often cheaper in countries such as Croatia. Consequently, it has been necessary for the country to focus upon its niche attractions, such as health, nature and rural tourism, to stay ahead of its competitors.

question: Portuguese tourist numbers are expected to do what in the future? 

answer: increase

question: With what area does Portugal compete with for tourists? 

answer: Eastern European destinations

question: How does Portugal compete with other areas for tourists? 

answer: focus upon its niche attractions

question: What attractions does Portugal have to offer tourists? 

answer: health, nature and rural tourism
Title: Portugal
Context: The poor performance of the Portuguese economy was explored in April 2007 by The Economist, which described Portugal as "a new sick man of Europe". From 2002 to 2007, the number of unemployed increased by 65% (270,500 unemployed citizens in 2002, 448,600 unemployed citizens in 2007). By early December 2009, the unemployment rate had reached 10.2% – a 23-year record high. In December 2009, ratings agency Standard & Poor's lowered its long-term credit assessment of Portugal to "negative" from "stable," voicing pessimism on the country's structural weaknesses in the economy and weak competitiveness that would hamper growth and the capacity to strengthen its public finances and reduce debt. In July 2011, ratings agency Moody's downgraded its long-term credit assessment of Portugal after warning of deteriorating risk of default in March 2011.

question: What magazine described Portugal as "a new sick man of Europe?" 

answer: The Economist

question: Between 2002 and 2007, by what percentage did the rate of unemployment change? 

answer: 65%

question: What percentage did the unemployment rate reach in December, 2009? 

answer: 10.2%

question: In 2009, what rating did Standard & Poor's assign to Portugal's long-term credit assessment? 

answer: negative

question: In which year did Moody's downgrade Portugal's long-term credit assessment? 

answer: 2011
Title: Portugal
Context: On 6 April 2011, after his proposed "Plan for Stability and Growth IV" (PEC IV) was rejected by the Parliament, Prime Minister José Sócrates announced on national television that the country would request financial assistance from the IMF and the European Financial Stability Facility, as Greece and the Republic of Ireland had done previously. It was the third time that the Portuguese government had requested external financial aid from the IMF—the first occasion occurred in the late 1970s following the Carnation's Revolution. In October 2011, Moody's Investor Services downgraded nine Portuguese banks due to financial weakness.

question: What did Prime Minister Jose Socrates announce on April 6, 2011? 

answer: that the country would request financial assistance from the IMF and the European Financial Stability Facility

question: How many times has Portugal requested external financial support? 

answer: third

question: What provoked the first request from Portugal for financial support? 

answer: Carnation's Revolution

question: For what reason did Moody's Investor Services downgrade nine Portuguese banks in 2011? 

answer: financial weakness
Title: Portugal
Context: In 2005, the number of public employees per thousand inhabitants in the Portuguese government (70.8) was above the European Union average (62.4 per thousand inhabitants). By EU and USA standards, Portugal's justice system was internationally known as being slow and inefficient, and by 2011 it was the second slowest in Western Europe (after Italy); conversely, Portugal has one of the highest rates of judges and prosecutors—over 30 per 100,000 people. The entire Portuguese public service has been known for its mismanagement, useless redundancies, waste, excess of bureaucracy and a general lack of productivity in certain sectors, particularly in justice.

question: In 2005, how many public employees did Portugal have for every thousand inhabitants? 

answer: 70.8

question: What was the average number of public employees per every thousand inhabitants for the European Union in 2005? 

answer: 62.4

question: In comparison to EU and USA standards, how was Portugal's justice system regarded? 

answer: slow and inefficient

question: Which country had the slowest criminal justice system in Western Europe in 2005? 

answer: Italy

question: How many judges and prosecutors does Portugal have per 100,000 inhabitants? 

answer: over 30
Title: Portugal
Context: In the first week of May 2013, Prime Minister Passos Coelho announced a significant government plan for the public sector, whereby 30,000 jobs will be cut and the number of weekly working hours will be increased from 35 to 40 hours. Coelho reaffirmed the announcement by explaining that austerity measures are necessary if Portugal seeks to avoid another monetary bailout grant from the European Commission, European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund—the overall plan intends to enact further cuts of €4.8 billion over a three-year period.

question: Who was the Portugal Prime Minister in 2013? 

answer: Passos Coelho

question: What did the Prime Minister announce during the first week of May in 2013? 

answer: significant government plan for the public sector, whereby 30,000 jobs will be cut and the number of weekly working hours will be increased from 35 to 40 hours

question: For what reason did Prime Minister Passos Coelho justify cutting 30000 jobs? 

answer: austerity measures are necessary if Portugal seeks to avoid another monetary bailout grant

question: From which entities did Portugal seek a monetary bailout from? 

answer: European Commission, European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund
Title: Portugal
Context: Passos Coelho also announced that the retirement age will be increased from 65 to 66, announced cuts in the pensions, unemployment benefits, health, education and science expenses, abolished the English obligatory classes in Basic Education, but kept the pensions of the judges, diplomats untouched and didn't raise the retirement age of the military and police forces. He has, however, cut meaningfully the politicians salaries. These policies have led to social unrest and to confrontations between several institutions, namely between the Government and the Constitutional Court. Several individualities belonging to the parties that support the government have also raised their voices against the policies that have been taken in order to try to solve the financial crisis.

question: To what age did Passos Coelho increase the retirement age? 

answer: 66

question: To what did Passos Coelho announce cuts to? 

answer: pensions, unemployment benefits, health, education and science expenses

question: Which obligatory class was abolished from Basic Education? 

answer: English

question: What did the instituting of these policies lead to? 

answer: social unrest and to confrontations between several institutions