praj-17/QA-MCQ-Open-ended huggingface dataset:
Title: Beer
Context: Drinking chilled beer began with the development of artificial refrigeration and by the 1870s, was spread in those countries that concentrated on brewing pale lager. Chilling beer makes it more refreshing, though below 15.5 °C the chilling starts to reduce taste awareness and reduces it significantly below 10 °C (50 °F). Beer served unchilled—either cool or at room temperature, reveal more of their flavours. Cask Marque, a non-profit UK beer organisation, has set a temperature standard range of 12°–14 °C (53°–57 °F) for cask ales to be served.

question: What technology support the drinking of chilled beer? 

answer: artificial refrigeration

question: At what cool temperature is a beers flavor reduced? 

answer: below 15.5 °C

question: When is a beer at its most flavorful? 

answer: unchilled

question: What country is the organisation Cask Marque located? 

answer: UK

question: In what decade did drinking chilled pale lager become popular? 

answer: the 1870s
Title: Beer
Context: The main active ingredient of beer is alcohol, and therefore, the health effects of alcohol apply to beer. Consumption of small quantities of alcohol (less than one drink in women and two in men) is associated with a decreased risk of cardiac disease, stroke and diabetes mellitus. The long term health effects of continuous, moderate or heavy alcohol consumption include the risk of developing alcoholism and alcoholic liver disease. A total of 3.3 million deaths (5.9% of all deaths) are believed to be due to alcohol. Alcoholism often reduces a person's life expectancy by around ten years. Alcohol use is the third leading cause of early death in the United States.

question: What is beers primary active ingredient? 

answer: alcohol

question: What disease can be caused by heavy alcohol consumption? 

answer: alcoholic liver disease

question: How many years are removed from an alcoholic's life expectancy? 

answer: around ten

question: What is the third leading cause of premature dying in the US? 

answer: Alcohol

question: How many deaths are believed to have been caused by alcohol? 

answer: 3.3 million
Title: Beer
Context: A study published in the Neuropsychopharmacology journal in 2013 revealed the finding that the flavour of beer alone could provoke dopamine activity in the brain of the male participants, who wanted to drink more as a result. The 49 men in the study were subject to positron emission tomography scans, while a computer-controlled device sprayed minute amounts of beer, water and a sports drink onto their tongues. Compared with the taste of the sports drink, the taste of beer significantly increased the participants desire to drink. Test results indicated that the flavour of the beer triggered a dopamine release, even though alcohol content in the spray was insufficient for the purpose of becoming intoxicated.

question: What hormone can be triggered by the flavor of beer alone in males? 

answer: dopamine

question: What year did the Neuropsychopharmacology journal publist a study about the effect on the brain of beers flavor? 

answer: 2013

question: What taste could significantly impact a man's desire to drink? 

answer: beer

question: How many men were studied for tests on the flavor of beer in the Neuropsychopharmacology journal in 2013? 

answer: 49
Title: Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census
Context: The biggest change in this year's census was in racial classification. Enumerators were instructed to no longer use the "Mulatto" classification. Instead, they were given special instructions for reporting the race of interracial persons. A person with both white and black ancestry (termed "blood") was to be recorded as "Negro," no matter the fraction of that lineage (the "one-drop rule"). A person of mixed black and American Indian ancestry was also to be recorded as "Neg" (for "Negro") unless he was considered to be "predominantly" American Indian and accepted as such within the community. A person with both White and American Indian ancestry was to be recorded as an Indian, unless his American Indian ancestry was small, and he was accepted as white within the community. In all situations in which a person had White and some other racial ancestry, he was to be reported as that other race. Persons who had minority interracial ancestry were to be reported as the race of their father.

question: What word was dropped as a racial classification in this year's census? 

answer: Mulatto

question: What were people that had black and white ancestor classified as in this census?  

answer: Negro

question: How were people with both black and American Indian ancestry recorded in this census?  

answer: Neg

question: What is it called when a mixed race person in recorded as negro in this census, even if only a fraction of their ancestry is black? 

answer: one-drop rule

question: Which parent was the deciding factor for how interracial persons were recorded in this census?  

answer: their father
Title: Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census
Context: Race was asked differently in the Census 2000 in several other ways than previously. Most significantly, respondents were given the option of selecting one or more race categories to indicate racial identities. Data show that nearly seven million Americans identified as members of two or more races. Because of these changes, the Census 2000 data on race are not directly comparable with data from the 1990 census or earlier censuses. Use of caution is therefore recommended when interpreting changes in the racial composition of the US population over time.

question: In what year were census respondents first able to select more than one race?  

answer: 2000

question: How many American reported being of more than one race in the Census 2000? 

answer: nearly seven million

question: How many race categories were respondents able to select in the Census 2000? 

answer: one or more

question: What year was the last census before the Census 2000? 

answer: 1990
Title: Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census
Context: In September 1997, during the process of revision of racial categories previously declared by OMB directive no. 15, the American Anthropological Association (AAA) recommended that OMB combine the "race" and "ethnicity" categories into one question to appear as "race/ethnicity" for the 2000 US Census. The Interagency Committee agreed, stating that "race" and "ethnicity" were not sufficiently defined and "that many respondents conceptualize 'race' and 'ethnicity' as one in the same  [sic] underscor[ing] the need to consolidate these terms into one category, using a term that is more meaningful to the American people."

question: What organization recommended that race and ethnicity categories be combined into one question for the 2000 US census? 

answer: the American Anthropological Association

question: In what year are or racial categories first revised for the 2000 U.S. Census? 

answer: 1997

question: Prior to 1997, where were racial categories declared for the U.S. Census? 

answer: OMB directive no. 15

question: How did racial categories appear in the US 2000 census? 

answer: race/ethnicity
Title: Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census
Context: The racial categories represent a social-political construct for the race or races that respondents consider themselves to be and "generally reflect a social definition of race recognized in this country." OMB defines the concept of race as outlined for the U.S. Census as not "scientific or anthropological" and takes into account "social and cultural characteristics as well as ancestry", using "appropriate scientific methodologies" that are not "primarily biological or genetic in reference." The race categories include both racial and national-origin groups.

question: Who defines the concept of race in the United States Census? 

answer: OMB

question: What do the race categories in the US Census include in addition to race? 

answer: national-origin

question: In addition to social and cultural characteristics, what else is taken into account for race classification in the US census? 

answer: ancestry
Title: Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census
Context: Race and ethnicity are considered separate and distinct identities, with Hispanic or Latino origin asked as a separate question. Thus, in addition to their race or races, all respondents are categorized by membership in one of two ethnic categories, which are "Hispanic or Latino" and "Not Hispanic or Latino". However, the practice of separating "race" and "ethnicity" as different categories has been criticized both by the American Anthropological Association and members of U.S. Commission on Civil Rights.

question: How many ethnic categories are there in the US census? 

answer: two

question: In addition to Hispanic and Latino, what other ethnic category is included in the United States Census? 

answer: Not Hispanic or Latino

question: What association criticized the separation of race and ethnicity in the UScensus? 

answer: the American Anthropological Association

question: Members of what commission criticized the separation of race and ethnic city on the US Census? 

answer: U.S. Commission on Civil Rights

question: In ethnic classification for the U.S. Census, What option do respondents have other than not Hispanic or Latino? 

answer: Hispanic or Latino
Title: Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census
Context: President Franklin D. Roosevelt promoted a "good neighbor" policy that sought better relations with Mexico. In 1935 a federal judge ruled that three Mexican immigrants were ineligible for citizenship because they were not white, as required by federal law. Mexico protested, and Roosevelt decided to circumvent the decision and make sure the federal government treated Hispanics as white. The State Department, the Census Bureau, the Labor Department, and other government agencies therefore made sure to uniformly classify people of Mexican descent as white. This policy encouraged the League of United Latin American Citizens in its quest to minimize discrimination by asserting their whiteness.

question: What country did President Frankiln Roosevelt have a good neighbor policy for in hopes of a better relationship? 

answer: Mexico

question: In what year did a federal judge say that three immigrants from Mexico were not eligible to be citizens because of their race? 

answer: 1935

question: What US President wanted to treat Hispanic people as white by the federal government? 

answer: Roosevelt

question: People of what descent were classified as white by the federal government at the suggestion of President Roosevelt? 

answer: Mexican

question: In 1935, what race was a person required to be to become a United States citizen? 

answer: white
Title: Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census
Context: In 1997, OMB issued a Federal Register notice regarding revisions to the standards for the classification of federal data on race and ethnicity. OMB developed race and ethnic standards in order to provide "consistent data on race and ethnicity throughout the Federal Government. The development of the data standards stem in large measure from new responsibilities to enforce civil rights laws." Among the changes, OMB issued the instruction to "mark one or more races" after noting evidence of increasing numbers of interracial children and wanting to capture the diversity in a measurable way and having received requests by people who wanted to be able to acknowledge their or their children's full ancestry rather than identifying with only one group. Prior to this decision, the Census and other government data collections asked people to report only one race.

question: Who decided on the standards for the classification of race and ethnicity and federal data? 

answer: OMB

question: In what year did OMB revise the standards for race and ethnicity classifications? 

answer: 1997

question: What did OMB hope to provide with their revision on race and ethnicity in 1997? 

answer: consistent data

question: How many races were people asked to mark on the US Census after OMB revised their standards in 1997? 

answer: one or more

question: How many races were people asked to report in the US census prior to 1997? 

answer: one
Title: Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census
Context: The 1850 census saw a dramatic shift in the way information about residents was collected. For the first time, free persons were listed individually instead of by head of household. There were two questionnaires: one for free inhabitants and one for slaves. The question on the free inhabitants schedule about color was a column that was to be left blank if a person was white, marked "B" if a person was black, and marked "M" if a person was mulatto. Slaves were listed by owner, and classified by gender and age, not individually, and the question about color was a column that was to be marked with a "B" if the slave was black and an "M" if mulatto.

question: In what year were free persons first listed individually in the US census? 

answer: 1850

question: How were free persons listed in the US census prior to 1850? 

answer: by head of household

question: In the 1850 US census, what was put into the color column for black persons? 

answer: B

question: If M was marked in the color column for a person in the 1850 census, How were they classified? 

answer: mulatto

question: How were slaves listed in the 1850 US census? 

answer: by owner
Title: Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census
Context: Although used in the Census and the American Community Survey, "Some other race" is not an official race, and the Bureau considered eliminating it prior to the 2000 Census. As the 2010 census form did not contain the question titled "Ancestry" found in prior censuses, there were campaigns to get non-Hispanic West Indian Americans, Turkish Americans, Armenian Americans, Arab Americans and Iranian Americans to indicate their ethnic or national background through the race question, specifically the "Some other race" category.

question: What race selection did the census bureau consider getting rid of before the 2000 census? 

answer: Some other race

question: In what year did the ancestery question stop appearing in the US census? 

answer: 2010

question: There were campaigns to try to get minorities to use what race category into 2010 census? 

answer: Some other race

question: In addition to the Census, where else is the "some other race" selection an option? 

answer: the American Community Survey
Title: Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census
Context: "Data on ethnic groups are important for putting into effect a number of federal statutes (i.e., enforcing bilingual election rules under the Voting Rights Act; monitoring and enforcing equal employment opportunities under the Civil Rights Act). Data on Ethnic Groups are also needed by local governments to run programs and meet legislative requirements (i.e., identifying segments of the population who may not be receiving medical services under the Public Health Act; evaluating whether financial institutions are meeting the credit needs of minority populations under the Community Reinvestment Act)."

question: What act has rules and regulations for bilingual election?  

answer: the Voting Rights Act

question: What act has rules and regulations for meeting the credit needs of minority populations? 

answer: the Community Reinvestment Act

question: What act has laws about equal employment opportunities for ethnic groups? 

answer: the Civil Rights Act
Title: Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census
Context: For 1890, the Census Office changed the design of the population questionnaire. Residents were still listed individually, but a new questionnaire sheet was used for each family. Additionally, this was the first year that the census distinguished between different East Asian races, such as Japanese and Chinese, due to increased immigration. This census also marked the beginning of the term "race" in the questionnaires. Enumerators were instructed to write "White," "Black," "Mulatto," "Quadroon," "Octoroon," "Chinese," "Japanese," or "Indian."

question: In what year was the term race first used in the U.S. Census? 

answer: 1890

question: How often was a new questionnaire sheet used in the 1890 census? 

answer: for each family

question: How were residents listed in the census in 1890? 

answer: individually

question: Why were different East Asian races divided in 1890 Census? 

answer: increased immigration
Title: Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census
Context: The federal government of the United States has mandated that "in data collection and presentation, federal agencies are required to use a minimum of two ethnicities: 'Hispanic or Latino' and 'Not Hispanic or Latino'." The Census Bureau defines "Hispanic or Latino" as "a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American or other Spanish culture or origin regardless of race." For discussion of the meaning and scope of the Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, see the Hispanic and Latino Americans and Racial and ethnic demographics of the United States articles.

question: How many ethnicities or federal agencies required to use in data collection? 

answer: a minimum of two

question: How would a person of Cuban origin be listed by the US Census Bureau? 

answer: Hispanic or Latino

question: Aside from Hispanic or Latino, what other ethnicity are federal agencies required to use? 

answer: Not Hispanic or Latino

question: In which ethnic category would a person of Mexican origin be listed by the US Census Bureau? 

answer: Hispanic or Latino

question: In what ethnic category would a person from Puerto Rico to be listed in the United States Census? 

answer: Hispanic or Latino
Title: United_States_dollar
Context: Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol ₥), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol ¢), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; "dime" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10¢, while "eagle" and "mill" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599⁄10. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, "paper money" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the "double eagle", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as "fractional currency", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as "shinplasters". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a "Union", "Half Union", and "Quarter Union", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.

question: What is the US dollar based upon? 

answer: a decimal system of values

question: How much monetary value does a dime hold? 

answer: one-tenth of a dollar

question: How much was a union going to be worth as proposed in the 1800s? 

answer: one hundred dollars

question: What was the maximum value a gold coin used to be able to have? 

answer: $20

question: In what legislation was the term "eagle" used? 

answer: Coinage Act of 1792
Title: United_States_dollar
Context: The symbol $, usually written before the numerical amount, is used for the U.S. dollar (as well as for many other currencies). The sign was the result of a late 18th-century evolution of the scribal abbreviation "ps" for the peso, the common name for the Spanish dollars that were in wide circulation in the New World from the 16th to the 19th centuries. These Spanish pesos or dollars were minted in Spanish America, namely in Mexico City, Potosí, Bolivia; and Lima, Peru. The p and the s eventually came to be written over each other giving rise to $.

question: Which symbol is used to represent the dollar? 

answer: $

question: What abbreviation was the dollar sign based off of? 

answer: ps

question: What was the common name for the Spanish dollar? 

answer: peso

question: Which century signalled the end of the Spanish dollar? 

answer: 19th

question: In which region of the world were the Spanish pesos minted? 

answer: Spanish America
Title: United_States_dollar
Context: Though still predominantly green, post-2004 series incorporate other colors to better distinguish different denominations. As a result of a 2008 decision in an accessibility lawsuit filed by the American Council of the Blind, the Bureau of Engraving and Printing is planning to implement a raised tactile feature in the next redesign of each note, except the $1 and the version of the $100 bill already in process. It also plans larger, higher-contrast numerals, more color differences, and distribution of currency readers to assist the visually impaired during the transition period.

question: What color was predominantly used? 

answer: green

question: Which organization filed an accessibility lawsuit? 

answer: American Council of the Blind

question: Other than the $100 bill, which other note is not going to be redesigned? 

answer: $1

question: Who are currency readers meant to assist? 

answer: visually impaired

question: The redesign of notes is being planned by which organization? 

answer: Bureau of Engraving and Printing
Title: United_States_dollar
Context: The Constitution of the United States of America provides that the United States Congress has the power "To coin money". Laws implementing this power are currently codified at 31 U.S.C. § 5112. Section 5112 prescribes the forms, in which the United States dollars should be issued. These coins are both designated in Section 5112 as "legal tender" in payment of debts. The Sacagawea dollar is one example of the copper alloy dollar. The pure silver dollar is known as the American Silver Eagle. Section 5112 also provides for the minting and issuance of other coins, which have values ranging from one cent to 50 dollars. These other coins are more fully described in Coins of the United States dollar.

question: Who has the power "to coin money"? 

answer: United States Congress

question: Which section indicates the methods in which the dollar should be issued? 

answer: 5112

question: Coins are considered legal tender for which kind of transaction? 

answer: payment of debts

question: What is an example of a copper alloy dollar? 

answer: Sacagawea dollar

question: What is the pure silver dollar referred to as? 

answer: American Silver Eagle