praj-17/QA-MCQ-Open-ended huggingface dataset:
Title: Armenia
Context: The Karabakh war ended after a Russian-brokered cease-fire was put in place in 1994. The war was a success for the Karabakh Armenian forces who managed to capture 16% of Azerbaijan's internationally recognised territory including Nagorno-Karabakh itself. Since then, Armenia and Azerbaijan have held peace talks, mediated by the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE). The status of Karabakh has yet to be determined. The economies of both countries have been hurt in the absence of a complete resolution and Armenia's borders with Turkey and Azerbaijan remain closed. By the time both Azerbaijan and Armenia had finally agreed to a ceasefire in 1994, an estimated 30,000 people had been killed and over a million had been displaced.

question: When did the Karabakh War end? 

answer: 1994

question: What does OSCE stand for? 

answer: Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe

question: Armenia has closed borders with which two countries? 

answer: Turkey and Azerbaijan

question: How many people died as a result of the fighting betwen Armenia and Azerbaijan? 

answer: 30,000

question: Who gained the most from the Karabakh War? 

answer: Karabakh Armenian forces
Title: Armenia
Context: International observers of Council of Europe and US Department of State have questioned the fairness of Armenia's parliamentary and presidential elections and constitutional referendum since 1995, citing polling deficiencies, lack of cooperation by the Electoral Commission, and poor maintenance of electoral lists and polling places. Freedom House categorized Armenia in its 2008 report as a "Semi-consolidated Authoritarian Regime" (along with Moldova, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, and Russia) and ranked Armenia 20th among 29 nations in transition, with a Democracy Score of 5.21 out of 7 (7 represents the lowest democratic progress).

question: What is the lowest score on the Democracy Score scale? 

answer: 7

question: What Democracy Score does Armenia have? 

answer: 5.21

question: What does the Freedom House classify Armenia as? 

answer: Semi-consolidated Authoritarian Regime

question: What makes Armenia's presidential elections faulty? 

answer: polling deficiencies, lack of cooperation by the Electoral Commission, and poor maintenance of electoral lists and polling places
Title: Armenia
Context: Armenia presently maintains good relations with almost every country in the world, with two major exceptions being its immediate neighbours, Turkey and Azerbaijan. Tensions were running high between Armenians and Azerbaijanis during the final years of the Soviet Union. The Nagorno-Karabakh War dominated the region's politics throughout the 1990s. The border between the two rival countries remains closed up to this day, and a permanent solution for the conflict has not been reached despite the mediation provided by organisations such as the OSCE.

question: With who does Armenia have bad relations? 

answer: Turkey and Azerbaijan

question: Is the border between Armenia and Azerbaijan open or closed? 

answer: closed

question: When was the Nagorno-Karabakh War? 

answer: 1990s
Title: Armenia
Context: Turkey also has a long history of poor relations with Armenia over its refusal to acknowledge the Armenian Genocide. Turkey was one of the first countries to recognize the Republic of Armenia (the 3rd republic) after its independence from the USSR in 1991. Despite this, for most of the 20th century and early 21st century, relations remain tense and there are no formal diplomatic relations between the two countries due to Turkey's refusal to establish them for numerous reasons. During the Nagorno-Karabakh War and citing it as the reason, Turkey illegally closed its land border with Armenia in 1993. It has not lifted its blockade despite pressure from the powerful Turkish business lobby interested in Armenian markets.

question: When did Turkey close off its border with Armenia? 

answer: 1993

question: Which country claims the Armenian Genocide didn't occur? 

answer: Turkey

question: When did Armenia gain independence from the USSR? 

answer: 1991

question: Who wants the border between Turkey and Armenia opened? 

answer: Turkish business lobby
Title: Armenia
Context: On 10 October 2009, Armenia and Turkey signed protocols on normalisation of relationships, which set a timetable for restoring diplomatic ties and reopening their joint border. The ratification of those had to be made in the national parliaments. In Armenia it passed through the required by legislation approval of the Constitutional Court and was sent to the parliament for the final ratification. The President had made multiple public announcements, both in Armenia and abroad, that as the leader of the political majority of Armenia he assured the ratification of the protocols if Turkey also ratified them. Despite this, the process stopped, as Turkey continuously added more preconditions to its ratification and also "delayed it beyond any reasonable time-period".

question: When did Armenia and Turkey initiate an attempt to reopen their border? 

answer: 10 October 2009

question: Who made it difficult to ratify the protocols to reopen the Armenian/Turkey border? 

answer: Turkey

question: Who ratifies protocols in Armenia? 

answer: national parliaments

question: How did Turkey thwart the ratification of these protocols? 

answer: continuously added more preconditions to its ratification
Title: Armenia
Context: Due to its position between two unfriendly neighbours, Armenia has close security ties with Russia. At the request of the Armenian government, Russia maintains a military base in the northwestern Armenian city of Gyumri as a deterrent against Turkey.[citation needed] Despite this, Armenia has also been looking toward Euro-Atlantic structures in recent years. It maintains good relations with the United States especially through its Armenian diaspora. According to the US Census Bureau, there are 427,822 Armenians living in the country.

question: Russia has a military base in which city in Armenia? 

answer: Gyumri

question: How many Armenians reside in the United States? 

answer: 427,822

question: Why does Russia have a miltary base In Gyumri? 

answer: as a deterrent against Turkey

question: Who gave Russia permission to have a military base in Gyumri? 

answer: Armenian government
Title: Armenia
Context: Armenia is also a member of the Council of Europe, maintaining friendly relations with the European Union, especially with its member states such as France and Greece. A 2005 survey reported that 64% of Armenia's population would be in favor of joining the EU. Several Armenian officials have also expressed the desire for their country to eventually become an EU member state, some[who?] predicting that it will make an official bid for membership in a few years.[citation needed] In 2004 its forces joined KFOR, a NATO-led international force in Kosovo. It is also an observer member of the Eurasian Economic Community and the Non-Aligned Movement.

question: How many of Armenias inhabitants approve of becoming part of the EU? 

answer: 64%

question: What is KFOR? 

answer: a NATO-led international force in Kosovo

question: What are some states join Armenia in the Council of Europe? 

answer: France and Greece

question: When can the EU expect Armenia to attempt to join it? 

answer: in a few years
Title: Armenia
Context: The Armenian Army, Air Force, Air Defence, and Border Guard comprise the four branches of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Armenia. The Armenian military was formed after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and with the establishment of the Ministry of Defence in 1992. The Commander-in-Chief of the military is the President of Armenia, Serzh Sargsyan. The Ministry of Defence is in charge of political leadership, currently headed by Colonel General Seyran Ohanyan, while military command remains in the hands of the General Staff, headed by the Chief of Staff, who is currently Colonel General Yuri Khatchaturov.

question: When was the Armenian military created? 

answer: 1991

question: When was the Ministry of Defence founded? 

answer: 1992

question: What are the four branches of the Armenian Armed Forces? 

answer: The Armenian Army, Air Force, Air Defence, and Border Guard

question: Who is in charge of the the Armenian military? 

answer: Colonel General Yuri Khatchaturov

question: Who is in charge of the Ministry of Defence? 

answer: Colonel General Seyran Ohanyan
Title: Armenia
Context: Armenia is member of Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO) along with Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. It participates in NATO's Partnership for Peace (PiP) program and is in a NATO organisation called Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC). Armenia has engaged in a peacekeeping mission in Kosovo as part of non-NATO KFOR troops under Greek command. Armenia also had 46 members of its military peacekeeping forces as a part of the Coalition Forces in Iraq War until October 2008.

question: What does CSTO stand for? 

answer: Collective Security Treaty Organisation

question: What does EAPC stand for? 

answer: Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council

question: Who else joins Armenia in the CSTO? 

answer: Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan

question: When did Armenia remove its peacekeepers from Iraq? 

answer: October 2008
Title: Armenia
Context: Within each province are communities (hamaynkner, singular hamaynk). Each community is self-governing and consists of one or more settlements (bnakavayrer, singular bnakavayr). Settlements are classified as either towns (kaghakner, singular kaghak) or villages (gyugher, singular gyugh). As of 2007[update], Armenia includes 915 communities, of which 49 are considered urban and 866 are considered rural. The capital, Yerevan, also has the status of a community. Additionally, Yerevan is divided into twelve semi-autonomous districts.

question: How many hamaynkner does Armenia have? 

answer: 915

question: How many districts does Yerevan have? 

answer: twelve

question: Does Armenia have more rural or uban hamaynker? 

answer: rural

question: What is the Armenian term for settlment? 

answer: bnakavayr
Title: Armenia
Context: The economy relies heavily on investment and support from Armenians abroad. Before independence, Armenia's economy was largely industry-based – chemicals, electronics, machinery, processed food, synthetic rubber, and textile – and highly dependent on outside resources. The republic had developed a modern industrial sector, supplying machine tools, textiles, and other manufactured goods to sister republics in exchange for raw materials and energy. Recently, the Intel Corporation agreed to open a research center in Armenia, in addition to other technology companies, signalling the growth of the technology industry in Armenia.

question: What group is opening a research center in Armenia? 

answer: Intel Corporation

question: As opposed to an industry-based economy, what industry is Armenia moving to? 

answer: technology industry

question: The Arnmenian economy depends primarily on what? 

answer: investment and support from Armenians abroad

question: What did Armenias industry-based economy consist of? 

answer: chemicals, electronics, machinery, processed food, synthetic rubber, and textile
Title: Armenia
Context: Agriculture accounted for less than 20% of both net material product and total employment before the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. After independence, the importance of agriculture in the economy increased markedly, its share at the end of the 1990s rising to more than 30% of GDP and more than 40% of total employment. This increase in the importance of agriculture was attributable to food security needs of the population in the face of uncertainty during the first phases of transition and the collapse of the non-agricultural sectors of the economy in the early 1990s. As the economic situation stabilized and growth resumed, the share of agriculture in GDP dropped to slightly over 20% (2006 data), although the share of agriculture in employment remained more than 40%.

question: Was agriculture more important before or after Armenia left the Soviet Union? 

answer: After

question: Why did agriculture become so significant for Armenia's economy? 

answer: food security needs

question: How much of total employment did agriculture account for at the end of the 1990s? 

answer: 40%

question: How much of the GDP has agriculture accounted for most recently? 

answer: 20%
Title: Armenia
Context: Like other newly independent states of the former Soviet Union, Armenia's economy suffers from the breakdown of former Soviet trading patterns. Soviet investment in and support of Armenian industry has virtually disappeared, so that few major enterprises are still able to function. In addition, the effects of the 1988 Spitak earthquake, which killed more than 25,000 people and made 500,000 homeless, are still being felt. The conflict with Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh has not been resolved. The closure of Azerbaijani and Turkish borders has devastated the economy, because Armenia depends on outside supplies of energy and most raw materials. Land routes through Georgia and Iran are inadequate or unreliable. The GDP fell nearly 60% between 1989 and 1993, but then resumed robust growth. The national currency, the dram, suffered hyperinflation for the first years after its introduction in 1993.

question: How many people died because of the Spitak earthquake? 

answer: more than 25,000

question: When was the Spitak earthquake? 

answer: 1988

question: How much did the Armenian GDP decrease from 1989-1993 

answer: 60%

question: What is the national currency of Armenia? 

answer: the dram
Title: Armenia
Context: Nevertheless, the government was able to make wide-ranging economic reforms that paid off in dramatically lower inflation and steady growth. The 1994 cease-fire in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict has also helped the economy. Armenia has had strong economic growth since 1995, building on the turnaround that began the previous year, and inflation has been negligible for the past several years. New sectors, such as precious-stone processing and jewellery making, information and communication technology, and even tourism are beginning to supplement more traditional sectors of the economy, such as agriculture.

question: What did Armenia declare a cease-fire to in 1994? 

answer: Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

question: Since when has Armenia experienced a positive growth in their economy? 

answer: 1995

question: What helped Armenia decrease inflation and create study growth in the economy? 

answer: economic reforms

question: What is one of the newer sectors Armenia has in addition to agriculture? 

answer: precious-stone processing
Title: Armenia
Context: This steady economic progress has earned Armenia increasing support from international institutions. The International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), and other international financial institutions (IFIs) and foreign countries are extending considerable grants and loans. Loans to Armenia since 1993 exceed $1.1 billion. These loans are targeted at reducing the budget deficit and stabilizing the currency; developing private businesses; energy; agriculture; food processing; transportation; the health and education sectors; and ongoing rehabilitation in the earthquake zone. The government joined the World Trade Organization on 5 February 2003. But one of the main sources of foreign direct investments remains the Armenian diaspora, which finances major parts of the reconstruction of infrastructure and other public projects. Being a growing democratic state, Armenia also hopes to get more financial aid from the Western World.

question: What does IMF stand for? 

answer: International Monetary Fund

question: What dos EBRD stand for? 

answer: European Bank for Reconstruction and Development

question: What does IFI stand for? 

answer: international financial institutions

question: How much in loans has Armenia received since 1993? 

answer: $1.1 billion

question: When did Armenia become a part of the World Trade Organization? 

answer: 5 February 2003
Title: Armenia
Context: A liberal foreign investment law was approved in June 1994, and a law on privatisation was adopted in 1997, as well as a program of state property privatisation. Continued progress will depend on the ability of the government to strengthen its macroeconomic management, including increasing revenue collection, improving the investment climate, and making strides against corruption. However, unemployment, which currently stands at around 15%, still remains a major problem due to the influx of thousands of refugees from the Karabakh conflict.

question: What is the unemployment rate in Armenia? 

answer: 15%

question: To what does Armenia attribute it's high unemployment rate? 

answer: refugees from the Karabakh conflict

question: When did Armenia establish a foreign investment law? 

answer: June 1994

question: When did Armenia establish a law on privatisation? 

answer: 1997
Title: Armenia
Context: In the 1988–89 school year, 301 students per 10,000 population were in specialized secondary or higher education, a figure slightly lower than the Soviet average. In 1989 some 58% of Armenians over age fifteen had completed their secondary education, and 14% had a higher education. In the 1990–91 school year, the estimated 1,307 primary and secondary schools were attended by 608,800 students. Another seventy specialized secondary institutions had 45,900 students, and 68,400 students were enrolled in a total of ten postsecondary institutions that included universities. In addition, 35% of eligible children attended preschools. In 1992 Armenia's largest institution of higher learning, Yerevan State University, had eighteen departments, including ones for social sciences, sciences, and law. Its faculty numbered about 1,300 teachers and its student population about 10,000 students. The National Polytechnic University of Armenia is operating since 1933.

question: What percent of Armenian children go to preschool? 

answer: 35%

question: What is Armenia's biggest University? 

answer: Yerevan State University

question: When did the National Polytechnic University of Armenia open? 

answer: 1933

question: How many students did Yerevan State University have in 1992? 

answer: 10,000

question: How many teachers did Yerevan State University have in 1992? 

answer: 1,300
Title: Armenia
Context: On the basis of the expansion and development of Yerevan State University a number of higher educational independent Institutions were formed including Medical Institute separated in 1930 which was set up on the basis of medical faculty. In 1980 Yerevan State Medical University was awarded one of the main rewards of the former USSR – the Order of Labor red Banner for training qualified specialists in health care and valuable service in the development of Medical Science. In 1995 YSMI was renamed to YSMU and since 1989 it has been named after Mkhitar Heratsi, the famous medieval doctor. Mkhitar Heratsi was the founder of Armenian Medical school in Cilician Armenia. The great doctor played the same role in Armenian Medical Science as Hippocrates in Western, Galen in Roman, Ibn Sīnā in Arabic medicine.

question: When was Yerevan State Medical University awarded the Order of Labor red Banner? 

answer: 1980

question: When was the Medical Institute formed? 

answer: 1930

question: When was Yerevan State Medical Institute renamed to Yerevan State Medical University? 

answer: 1995

question: Who founded the Armenian Medical school in Cilician Armenia? 

answer: Mkhitar Heratsi

question: Which doctor did the YSMU rename itself after? 

answer: Mkhitar Heratsi
Title: Armenia
Context: Foreign students' department for Armenian diaspora established in 1957 later was enlarged and the enrollment of foreign students began. Nowadays the YSMU is a Medical Institution corresponding to international requirements, trains medical staff for not only Armenia and neighbor countries, i.e. Iran, Syria, Lebanon, Georgia, but also many other leading countries all over the world. A great number of foreign students from India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, the USA and Russian Federation study together with Armenian students. Nowadays the university is ranked among famous higher Medical Institutions and takes its honorable place in the World Directory of Medical Schools published by the WHO.

question: Who is in charge of releasing the World Directory of Medical Schools? 

answer: WHO

question: When was the foreign student department for Armenian diaspora created? 

answer: 1957

question: Armenian students attend YMSU with foreign students from where? 

answer: India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, the USA and Russian Federation
Title: Armenia
Context: Other educational institutions in Armenia include the American University of Armenia and the QSI International School of Yerevan. The American University of Armenia has graduate programs in Business and Law, among others. The institution owes its existence to the combined efforts of the Government of Armenia, the Armenian General Benevolent Union, U.S. Agency for International Development, and the University of California. The extension programs and the library at AUA form a new focal point for English-language intellectual life in the city. Armenia also hosts a deployment of OLPC – One Laptopschool Per child XO laptop-tablet schools.

question: What does OLPC stand for? 

answer: One Laptopschool Per child

question: What are the names of some of the other higher education organizations in Armenia? 

answer: American University of Armenia and the QSI International School of Yerevan

question: What are some of the graduate programs available at AUA? 

answer: Business and Law
Title: Armenia
Context: Instruments like the duduk, the dhol, the zurna, and the kanun are commonly found in Armenian folk music. Artists such as Sayat Nova are famous due to their influence in the development of Armenian folk music. One of the oldest types of Armenian music is the Armenian chant which is the most common kind of religious music in Armenia. Many of these chants are ancient in origin, extending to pre-Christian times, while others are relatively modern, including several composed by Saint Mesrop Mashtots, the inventor of the Armenian alphabet. Whilst under Soviet rule, Armenian classical music composer Aram Khatchaturian became internationally well known for his music, for various ballets and the Sabre Dance from his composition for the ballet Gayane.

question: What are some examples of Armenian folk music instruments? 

answer: the duduk, the dhol, the zurna, and the kanun

question: Who created the Armenian alphabet? 

answer: Saint Mesrop Mashtots

question: Who composed the Sabre Dance? 

answer: Aram Khatchaturian

question: What is known as one of the most prolific type of religious music in Armenia? 

answer: the Armenian chant
Title: Armenia
Context: The Armenian Genocide caused widespread emigration that led to the settlement of Armenians in various countries in the world. Armenians kept to their traditions and certain diasporans rose to fame with their music. In the post-Genocide Armenian community of the United States, the so-called "kef" style Armenian dance music, using Armenian and Middle Eastern folk instruments (often electrified/amplified) and some western instruments, was popular. This style preserved the folk songs and dances of Western Armenia, and many artists also played the contemporary popular songs of Turkey and other Middle Eastern countries from which the Armenians emigrated.

question: What is kef? 

answer: Armenian dance music, using Armenian and Middle Eastern folk instruments

question: What did kef help do? 

answer: preserved the folk songs and dances of Western Armenia

question: Where did the Armenians emigrate from? 

answer: Turkey and other Middle Eastern countries