praj-17/QA-MCQ-Open-ended huggingface dataset:
Title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union
Context: In Kazakhstan on June 19, 1989, young men carrying guns, firebombs, iron bars and stones rioted in Zhanaozen, causing a number of deaths. The youths tried to seize a police station and a water-supply station. They brought public transportation to a halt and shut down various shops and industries. By June 25, the rioting had spread to five other towns near the Caspian Sea. A mob of about 150 people armed with sticks, stones and metal rods attacked the police station in Mangishlak, about 90 miles from Zhanaozen, before they were dispersed by government troops flown in by helicopters. Mobs of young people also rampaged through Yeraliev, Shepke, Fort-Shevchenko and Kulsary, where they poured flammable liquid on trains housing temporary workers and set them on fire.

question: Where was the fatal June 19th riots? 

answer: Zhanaozen

question: Who were the rioters? 

answer: young men

question: What did the rioters try to take over? 

answer: police station and a water-supply station

question: How many towns had riots of their own following the initial riots? 

answer: five

question: What was attacked in Mangishlak? 

answer: police station
Title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union
Context: Ethnic tensions had escalated between the Armenians and Azerbaijanis in spring and summer 1988. On January 9, 1990, after the Armenian parliament voted to include Nagorno-Karabakh within its budget, renewed fighting broke out, hostages were taken, and four Soviet soldiers were killed. On January 11, Popular Front radicals stormed party buildings and effectively overthrew the communist powers in the southern town of Lenkoran. Gorbachev resolved to regain control of Azerbaijan; the events that ensued are known as "Black January." Late on January 19, 1990, after blowing up the central television station and cutting the phone and radio lines, 26,000 Soviet troops entered the Azerbaijani capital Baku, smashing barricades, attacking protesters, and firing into crowds. On that night and during subsequent confrontations (which lasted until February), more than 130 people died – the majority of whom were civilians. More than 700 civilians were wounded, hundreds were detained, but only a few were actually tried for alleged criminal offenses.

question: Which two groups saw increasing ethnic conflicts in 1988? 

answer: Armenians and Azerbaijanis

question: Who was killed in the January 9 riots? 

answer: four Soviet soldiers

question: How many people died in the Soviet response to the clashes? 

answer: more than 130

question: What were the January incidents called? 

answer: Black January

question: How many Soviet troops occupied Baku? 

answer: 26,000
Title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union
Context: Following the hardliners' takeover, the September 30, 1990 elections (runoffs on October 14) were characterized by intimidation; several Popular Front candidates were jailed, two were murdered, and unabashed ballot stuffing took place even in the presence of Western observers. The election results reflected the threatening environment; out of the 350 members, 280 were Communists, with only 45 opposition candidates from the Popular Front and other non-communist groups, who together formed a Democratic Bloc ("Dembloc"). In May 1990 Mutalibov was elected Chairman of the Supreme Soviet unopposed.

question: What party's candidates were murdered in the September 30 elections? 

answer: Popular Front

question: How many members were from opposition parties? 

answer: 45

question: How many total members were there? 

answer: 350

question: Who was elected to be Chairman in May? 

answer: Mutalibov
Title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union
Context: On January 21, 1990, Rukh organized a 300-mile (480 km) human chain between Kiev, Lviv, and Ivano-Frankivsk. Hundreds of thousands joined hands to commemorate the proclamation of Ukrainian independence in 1918 and the reunification of Ukrainian lands one year later (1919 Unification Act). On January 23, 1990, the Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church held its first synod since its liquidation by the Soviets in 1946 (an act which the gathering declared invalid). On February 9, 1990, the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice officially registered Rukh. However, the registration came too late for Rukh to stand its own candidates for the parliamentary and local elections on March 4. At the 1990 elections of people's deputies to the Supreme Council (Verkhovna Rada), candidates from the Democratic Bloc won landslide victories in western Ukrainian oblasts. A majority of the seats had to hold run-off elections. On March 18, Democratic candidates scored further victories in the run-offs. The Democratic Bloc gained about 90 out of 450 seats in the new parliament.

question: How many miles long was the human chain? 

answer: 300

question: Who organized this chain? 

answer: Rukh

question: What country's independence were the chain members celebrating? 

answer: Ukrainian

question: When had the Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church been broken up by the Soviets? 

answer: 1946

question: In 1990 which party had most of the election victories? 

answer: the Democratic Bloc
Title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union
Context: On April 6, 1990, the Lviv City Council voted to return St. George Cathedral to the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. The Russian Orthodox Church refused to yield. On April 29–30, 1990, the Ukrainian Helsinki Union disbanded to form the Ukrainian Republican Party. On May 15 the new parliament convened. The bloc of conservative communists held 239 seats; the Democratic Bloc, which had evolved into the National Council, had 125 deputies. On June 4, 1990, two candidates remained in the protracted race for parliament chair. The leader of the Communist Party of Ukraine (CPU), Volodymyr Ivashko, was elected with 60 percent of the vote as more than 100 opposition deputies boycotted the election. On June 5–6, 1990, Metropolitan Mstyslav of the U.S.-based Ukrainian Orthodox Church was elected patriarch of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church (UAOC) during that Church's first synod. The UAOC declared its full independence from the Moscow Patriarchate of the Russian Orthodox Church, which in March had granted autonomy to the Ukrainian Orthodox church headed by Metropolitan Filaret.

question: Who was voted to get their cathedral back in 1990? 

answer: Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church

question: What party was formed from the dissolved Ukrainian Helsinki Union? 

answer: Ukrainian Republican Party

question: What was the first day that the new parliament met? 

answer: May 15

question: Who became the new patriarch of the UAOC in 1990? 

answer: Metropolitan Mstyslav
Title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union
Context: On June 22, 1990, Volodymyr Ivashko withdrew his candidacy for leader of the Communist Party of Ukraine in view of his new position in parliament. Stanislav Hurenko was elected first secretary of the CPU. On July 11, Ivashko resigned from his post as chairman of the Ukrainian Parliament after he was elected deputy general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The Parliament accepted the resignation a week later, on July 18. On July 16 Parliament overwhelmingly approved the Declaration on State Sovereignty of Ukraine - with a vote of 355 in favour and four against. The people's deputies voted 339 to 5 to proclaim July 16 a Ukrainian national holiday.

question: How long did it take Parliament to accept Ivashko's resignation? 

answer: a week

question: Who was elected to be the new deputy general secretary of the Communist Part of the Soviet Union in July? 

answer: Volodymyr Ivashko

question: How many Parliament members voted against the Declaration on State Sovereignty of Ukraine? 

answer: four
Title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union
Context: On July 23, 1990, Leonid Kravchuk was elected to replace Ivashko as parliament chairman. On July 30, Parliament adopted a resolution on military service ordering Ukrainian soldiers "in regions of national conflict such as Armenia and Azerbaijan" to return to Ukrainian territory. On August 1, Parliament voted overwhelmingly to shut down the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. On August 3, it adopted a law on the economic sovereignty of the Ukrainian republic. On August 19, the first Ukrainian Catholic liturgy in 44 years was celebrated at St. George Cathedral. On September 5–7, the International Symposium on the Great Famine of 1932–1933 was held in Kiev. On September 8, The first "Youth for Christ" rally since 1933 took place held in Lviv, with 40,000 participants. In September 28–30, the Green Party of Ukraine held its founding congress. On September 30, nearly 100,000 people marched in Kiev to protest against the new union treaty proposed by Gorbachev.

question: Who would succeed Ivashko as the chairman of Parliament? 

answer: Leonid Kravchuk

question: What did Parliament vote to shut down in August? 

answer: Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant

question: Where was the August 9 liturgy held? 

answer: St. George Cathedral.

question: Prior to the September 8th rally when was the last Youth for Christ rally held? 

answer: 1933

question: How many people attended the Youth for Christ rally? 

answer: 40,000
Title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union
Context: On October 25–28, 1990, Rukh held its second congress and declared that its principal goal was the "renewal of independent statehood for Ukraine". On October 28 UAOC faithful, supported by Ukrainian Catholics, demonstrated near St. Sophia’s Cathedral as newly elected Russian Orthodox Church Patriarch Aleksei and Metropolitan Filaret celebrated liturgy at the shrine. On November 1, the leaders of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church and of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church, respectively, Metropolitan Volodymyr Sterniuk and Patriarch Mstyslav, met in Lviv during anniversary commemorations of the 1918 proclamation of the Western Ukrainian National Republic.

question: Where was the UAOC protest held? 

answer: near St. Sophia’s Cathedral

question: Who were in the cathedral at the time of the protest? 

answer: Russian Orthodox Church Patriarch Aleksei and Metropolitan Filaret

question: What had Aleksei and Filaret been up to at the time of the protest? 

answer: liturgy
Title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union
Context: On January 13, 1991, Soviet troops, along with the KGB Spetsnaz Alpha Group, stormed the Vilnius TV Tower in Lithuania to suppress the independence movement. Fourteen unarmed civilians were killed and hundreds more injured. On the night of July 31, 1991, Russian OMON from Riga, the Soviet military headquarters in the Baltics, assaulted the Lithuanian border post in Medininkai and killed seven Lithuanian servicemen. This event further weakened the Soviet Union's position internationally and domestically, and stiffened Lithuanian resistance.

question: What was attacked by Soviet troops on January 13? 

answer: Vilnius TV Tower

question: Where was the TV Tower located? 

answer: Lithuania

question: What were the Soviets hoping to stop? 

answer: independence movement

question: How many civilians died in the attack? 

answer: Fourteen

question: What was attacked by Russians on July 31? 

answer: Lithuanian border post in Medininkai
Title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union
Context: Faced with growing separatism, Gorbachev sought to restructure the Soviet Union into a less centralized state. On August 20, 1991, the Russian SFSR was scheduled to sign a New Union Treaty that would have converted the Soviet Union into a federation of independent republics with a common president, foreign policy and military. It was strongly supported by the Central Asian republics, which needed the economic advantages of a common market to prosper. However, it would have meant some degree of continued Communist Party control over economic and social life.

question: What was Gorbachev attempting to decentralize?  

answer: Soviet Union

question: What was supposed to be signed on August 20? 

answer: New Union Treaty

question: Who supported the treaty? 

answer: Central Asian republics,

question: What would have maintained power if the treaty was signed? 

answer: Communist Party
Title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union
Context: More radical reformists were increasingly convinced that a rapid transition to a market economy was required, even if the eventual outcome meant the disintegration of the Soviet Union into several independent states. Independence also accorded with Yeltsin's desires as president of the Russian Federation, as well as those of regional and local authorities to get rid of Moscow’s pervasive control. In contrast to the reformers' lukewarm response to the treaty, the conservatives, "patriots," and Russian nationalists of the USSR – still strong within the CPSU and the military – were opposed to weakening the Soviet state and its centralized power structure.

question: What did radicals want to change the economy to? 

answer: market economy

question: What were they prepared to have happen to the Soviet Union in order to get a market economy? 

answer: disintegration

question: What was Yeltsin president of? 

answer: the Russian Federation,

question: Whose control were regional authorities hoping to do away with? 

answer: Moscow’s
Title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union
Context: Thousands of Muscovites came out to defend the White House (the Russian Federation's parliament and Yeltsin's office), the symbolic seat of Russian sovereignty at the time. The organizers tried but ultimately failed to arrest Yeltsin, who rallied opposition to the coup with speech-making atop a tank. The special forces dispatched by the coup leaders took up positions near the White House, but members refused to storm the barricaded building. The coup leaders also neglected to jam foreign news broadcasts, so many Muscovites watched it unfold live on CNN. Even the isolated Gorbachev was able to stay abreast of developments by tuning into BBC World Service on a small transistor radio.

question: Who arrived to protect the White House? 

answer: Muscovites

question: Who did the organizers want to arrest? 

answer: Yeltsin

question: Where was Yeltsin during the coup? 

answer: atop a tank

question: What was Yeltsin doing on the tank? 

answer: speech-making

question: What TV channel carried the broadcast of the coup? 

answer: CNN
Title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union
Context: On December 8, the leaders of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus secretly met in Belavezhskaya Pushcha, in western Belarus, and signed the Belavezha Accords, which proclaimed the Soviet Union had ceased to exist and announced formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) as a looser association to take its place. They also invited other republics to join the CIS. Gorbachev called it an unconstitutional coup. However, by this time there was no longer any reasonable doubt that, as the preamble of the Accords put it, "the USSR, as a subject of international law and a geopolitical reality, is ceasing its existence."

question: Where was the secret meeting of the leaders? 

answer: Belarus

question: What was signed at the secret meeting in Balarus? 

answer: Belavezha Accords

question: When was the meeting held? 

answer: December 8

question: What was formed to replace the Soviet Union? 

answer: the Commonwealth of Independent States

question: What was coming to an end? 

answer: the USSR
Title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union
Context: On December 12, the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR formally ratified the Belavezha Accords and renounced the 1922 Union Treaty. The Russian deputies were also recalled from the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. The legality of this action was questionable, since Soviet law did not allow a republic to unilaterally recall its deputies. However, no one in either Russia or the Kremlin objected. Any objections from the latter would have likely had no effect, since the Soviet government had effectively been rendered impotent long before December. In effect, the largest and most powerful republic had seceded from the Union. Later that day, Gorbachev hinted for the first time that he was considering stepping down.

question: When were the Belavezha Accords ratified? 

answer: December 12

question: Who ratified the Accords? 

answer: the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR

question: Who was recalled? 

answer: Russian deputies

question: Who showed signs that he was considering resigning his position? 

answer: Gorbachev
Title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union
Context: Doubts remained over the authority of the Belavezha Accords to disband the Soviet Union, since they were signed by only three republics. However, on December 21, 1991, representatives of 11 of the 12 former republics – all except Georgia – signed the Alma-Ata Protocol, which confirmed the dissolution of the Union and formally established the CIS. They also "accepted" Gorbachev's resignation. While Gorbachev hadn't made any formal plans to leave the scene yet, he did tell CBS News that he would resign as soon as he saw that the CIS was indeed a reality.

question: Which republic did not sign the Alma-Ata Protocol? 

answer: Georgia

question: How many of the former republics had representatives sign the Protocol? 

answer: 11

question: What did the Protocol establish? 

answer: CIS

question: What was dissolved by the Protocol? 

answer: Union

question: Which news organization did Gorbachev talk to about his resignation plans?  

answer: CBS
Title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union
Context: In a nationally televised speech early in the morning of December 25, 1991, Gorbachev resigned as president of the USSR – or, as he put it, "I hereby discontinue my activities at the post of President of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics." He declared the office extinct, and all of its powers (such as control of the nuclear arsenal) were ceded to Yeltsin. A week earlier, Gorbachev had met with Yeltsin and accepted the fait accompli of the Soviet Union's dissolution. On the same day, the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR adopted a statute to change Russia's legal name from "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" to "Russian Federation," showing that it was now a sovereign state.

question: When did Gorbachev resign? 

answer: December 25, 1991

question: Who was given control after Gorbachev left? 

answer: Yeltsin

question: What was Russia's new legal name? 

answer: Russian Federation

question: What was the Russian Federations previous legal name? 

answer: Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
Title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union
Context: On the night of December 25, 1991, at 7:32 p.m. Moscow time, after Gorbachev left the Kremlin, the Soviet flag was lowered for the last time, and the Russian tricolor was raised in its place, symbolically marking the end of the Soviet Union. The next day, December 26, 1991, the Council of Republics, the upper chamber of the Union's Supreme Soviet, issued a formal Declaration recognizing that the Soviet Union had ceased to exist as a state and subject of international law, and voted both itself and the Soviet Union out of existence (the other chamber of the Supreme Soviet, the Council of the Union, had been unable to work since December 12, 1991, when the recall of the Russian deputies left it without a quorum). The following day Yeltsin moved into Gorbachev's former office, though the Russian authorities had taken over the suite two days earlier. By December 31, 1991, the few remaining Soviet institutions that had not been taken over by Russia ceased operation, and individual republics assumed the central government's role.

question: What went down after Gorbachev departed from the Kremlin? 

answer: Soviet flag

question: What replaced the Soviet flag? 

answer: Russian tricolor

question: When did Gorbachev make his final Kremlin exit? 

answer: December 25, 1991, at 7:32 p.m. Moscow time

question: What was declared as having ceased to exist? 

answer: the Soviet Union

question: What body also stopped existing following a vote by itself to end itself? 

answer: upper chamber of the Union's Supreme Soviet,
Title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union
Context: The Alma-Ata Protocol also addressed other issues, including UN membership. Notably, Russia was authorized to assume the Soviet Union's UN membership, including its permanent seat on the Security Council. The Soviet Ambassador to the UN delivered a letter signed by Russian President Yeltsin to the UN Secretary-General dated December 24, 1991, informing him that by virtue of the Alma-Ata Protocol, Russia was the successor state to the USSR. After being circulated among the other UN member states, with no objection raised, the statement was declared accepted on the last day of the year, December 31, 1991.

question: Which country took over the Soviet Union's UN membership? 

answer: Russia

question: What made Russia the successor state to the USSR? 

answer: Alma-Ata Protocol

question: Who wrote the letter to the UN secretary general informing them that Russia would be replacing the USSR? 

answer: Yeltsin

question: What was the date on the Yeltsin letter? 

answer: December 24, 1991

question: When did the UN accept the statement? 

answer: December 31, 1991
Title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union
Context: On November 18, 1990, the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church enthroned Mstyslav as Patriarch of Kiev and all Ukraine during ceremonies at Saint Sophia's Cathedral. Also on November 18, Canada announced that its consul-general to Kiev would be Ukrainian-Canadian Nestor Gayowsky. On November 19, the United States announced that its consul to Kiev would be Ukrainian-American John Stepanchuk. On November 19, the chairmen of the Ukrainian and Russian parliaments, respectively, Kravchuk and Yeltsin, signed a 10-year bilateral pact. In early December 1990 the Party of Democratic Rebirth of Ukraine was founded; on December 15, the Democratic Party of Ukraine was founded.

question: Who was set up as Patriarch of Kiev and all Ukraine on the 18th of November? 

answer: Mstyslav

question: Who gave Mstyslav this title? 

answer: Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church

question: Who was the Canadian consul-general to Kiev? 

answer: Nestor Gayowsky

question: What country made John Stepanchuk its consul-general to Kiev? 

answer: United States

question: How long lasting was the pact between Kravchuk and Yeltsin? 

answer: 10-year
Title: Crucifixion_of_Jesus
Context: According to the canonical gospels, Jesus, whom Christians believe to be the Son of God as well as the Messiah (Christ), was arrested, tried, and sentenced by Pontius Pilate to be scourged, and finally crucified by the Romans. Jesus was stripped of his clothing and offered wine mixed with gall to drink, before being crucified. He was then hung for six hours (according to Mark's Gospel) between two convicted thieves. During this time, the soldiers affixed a sign to the top of the cross stating "Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews" in three languages. They then divided his garments among them, but cast lots for his seamless robe. After Jesus' death they pierced his side with a spear to be certain that he had died. The Bible records seven statements that Jesus made while he was on the cross, as well as several supernatural events that occurred.

question: Who was the person that tried Jesus? 

answer: Pontius Pilate

question: How long was Jesus hung for? 

answer: six hours

question: What did the sign say on top of Jesus' cross? 

answer: Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews

question: What was done to make sure Jesus was dead? 

answer: they pierced his side with a spear

question: How many statements did Jesus make on the cross? 

answer: seven statements