praj-17/QA-MCQ-Open-ended huggingface dataset:
Title: Sexual_orientation
Context: Sexual identity and sexual behavior are closely related to sexual orientation, but they are distinguished, with sexual identity referring to an individual's conception of themselves, behavior referring to actual sexual acts performed by the individual, and orientation referring to "fantasies, attachments and longings." Individuals may or may not express their sexual orientation in their behaviors. People who have a homosexual sexual orientation that does not align with their sexual identity are sometimes referred to as 'closeted'. The term may, however, reflect a certain cultural context and particular stage of transition in societies which are gradually dealing with integrating sexual minorities. In studies related to sexual orientation, when dealing with the degree to which a person's sexual attractions, behaviors and identity match, scientists usually use the terms concordance or discordance. Thus, a woman who is attracted to other women, but calls herself heterosexual and only has sexual relations with men, can be said to experience discordance between her sexual orientation (homosexual or lesbian) and her sexual identity and behaviors (heterosexual).

question: What is sexual identity defined as? 

answer: individual's conception of themselves

question: What is sexual behavior defined as? 

answer: actual sexual acts performed by the individual

question: What does the term closeted mean? 

answer: People who have a homosexual sexual orientation that does not align with their sexual identity

question: What are the terms related to the degree to which a person's sexual attractions, behavior and identity match? 

answer: concordance or discordance

question: What is sexual orientation defined as? 

answer: fantasies, attachments and longings

question: What are the differences in sexual identity and sexual behaviour?  

answer: sexual identity referring to an individual's conception of themselves, behavior referring to actual sexual acts performed by the individual

question: Does a person have to show their sexual oreintation in their personal acts? 

answer: Individuals may or may not express their sexual orientation in their behaviors.

question: What is a term that can be used for someone who does not show their homosexuality openly?  

answer: closeted

question: What word is used when somebodys sexual orientation, behaviors, and idenity do not match? 

answer: discordance

question: Which word is used when somebodys sexual orientation, behaviors, and idenity match? 

answer: concordance
Title: Sexual_orientation
Context: Gay and lesbian people can have sexual relationships with someone of the opposite sex for a variety of reasons, including the desire for a perceived traditional family and concerns of discrimination and religious ostracism. While some LGBT people hide their respective orientations from their spouses, others develop positive gay and lesbian identities while maintaining successful heterosexual marriages. Coming out of the closet to oneself, a spouse of the opposite sex, and children can present challenges that are not faced by gay and lesbian people who are not married to people of the opposite sex or do not have children.

question: What is one reason that a homosexual would engage in heterosexual behavior? 

answer: desire for a perceived traditional family

question: What is one reason that a homosexual would engage in heterosexual behavior? 

answer: concerns of discrimination

question: What is one reason that a homosexual would engage in heterosexual behavior? 

answer: religious ostracism

question: What is a possible scenario that can occur when a closeted homosexual is in a heterosexual relationship? 

answer: develop positive gay and lesbian identities while maintaining successful heterosexual marriages

question: What is a possible scenario that can occur when a closeted homosexual is in a heterosexual relationship? 

answer: hide their respective orientations from their spouses

question: What are some things that can cause a homosexual person to be with the opposite sex? 

answer: desire for a perceived traditional family and concerns of discrimination and religious ostracism

question: Can a homosexual person still grow their sexual identiries while with the opposit sex?  

answer: others develop positive gay and lesbian identities while maintaining successful heterosexual marriages

question: What kind of hardships can a homosexual face when admitting their ssexuality while in a heterosexual marriage? 

answer: Coming out of the closet to oneself, a spouse of the opposite sex, and children

question: Can a homosexual person hide their true idenitys? 

answer: some LGBT people hide their respective orientations from their spouses
Title: Sexual_orientation
Context: No major mental health professional organization has sanctioned efforts to change sexual orientation and virtually all of them have adopted policy statements cautioning the profession and the public about treatments that purport to change sexual orientation. These include the American Psychiatric Association, American Psychological Association, American Counseling Association, National Association of Social Workers in the USA, the Royal College of Psychiatrists, and the Australian Psychological Society.

question: How does the mental health profession approach efforts to change sexual orientation? 

answer: have adopted policy statements

question: What do these policy statements suggest?  

answer: cautioning the profession and the public about treatments that purport to change sexual orientation

question: What are some of the organizations that have released policy statements? 

answer: American Psychiatric Association, American Psychological Association, American Counseling Association

question: What are some of the organizations that have released policy statements? 

answer: National Association of Social Workers in the USA, the Royal College of Psychiatrists, and the Australian Psychological Society.

question: Are their any mental health proffesionals that have programs to change sexual orientation? 

answer: No major mental health professional organization has sanctioned efforts to change sexual orientation

question: What policy statement has almost all proffesionals applied to their practices? 

answer: cautioning the profession and the public about treatments that purport to change sexual orientation.

question: What are some professional associations that do not offer changing sexual orientation programs? 

answer: the American Psychiatric Association, American Psychological Association, American Counseling Association,
Title: Sexual_orientation
Context: From at least the late nineteenth century in Europe, there was speculation that the range of human sexual response looked more like a continuum than two or three discrete categories. Berlin sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld published a scheme in 1896 that measured the strength of an individual's sexual desire on two independent 10-point scales, A (homosexual) and B (heterosexual). A heterosexual individual may be A0, B5; a homosexual individual may be A5, B0; an asexual would be A0, B0; and someone with an intense attraction to both sexes would be A9, B9.

question: Who was the sexologist that published a scheme in 1896? 

answer: Magnus Hirschfeld

question: What did the published scheme attempt to do? 

answer: measured the strength of an individual's sexual desire

question: How did the scheme measure desire? 

answer: on two independent 10-point scales

question: What were the two scales defined as? 

answer: A (homosexual) and B (heterosexual)

question: How many points were on each scale? 

answer: 10-point

question: When did the questioning of human sexual responses begin? 

answer: From at least the late nineteenth century

question: Who created the ten point scale on a persons sexuals desire? 

answer: Magnus Hirschfeld

question: What year did Magnus Hirschfeld create the ten point scale on a persons sexual desire.  

answer: 1896

question: On Magnus's ten point scale what would a homosexual person be considered? 

answer: a homosexual individual may be A5, B0

question: On the ten point scale what would an asexual person be considered as? 

answer: an asexual would be A0, B0
Title: Sexual_orientation
Context: A third concern with the Kinsey scale is that it inappropriately measures heterosexuality and homosexuality on the same scale, making one a tradeoff of the other. Research in the 1970s on masculinity and femininity found that concepts of masculinity and femininity are more appropriately measured as independent concepts on a separate scale rather than as a single continuum, with each end representing opposite extremes. When compared on the same scale, they act as tradeoffs such, whereby to be more feminine one had to be less masculine and vice versa. However, if they are considered as separate dimensions one can be simultaneously very masculine and very feminine. Similarly, considering heterosexuality and homosexuality on separate scales would allow one to be both very heterosexual and very homosexual or not very much of either. When they are measured independently, the degree of heterosexual and homosexual can be independently determined, rather than the balance between heterosexual and homosexual as determined using the Kinsey Scale.

question: What was a concern of the Kinsey scale? 

answer: it inappropriately measures heterosexuality and homosexuality

question: How are masculinity and femininity more appropriately measured? 

answer: as independent concepts on a separate scale

question: What happens if the concepts are measured on the same scale? 

answer: they act as tradeoffs such, whereby to be more feminine one had to be less masculine and vice versa

question: What is the advantage of measuring these elements separately? 

answer: the degree of heterosexual and homosexual can be independently determined, rather than the balance between heterosexual and homosexual

question: What is considered to be a problem with the Kinsey scale? 

answer: inappropriately measures heterosexuality and homosexuality on the same scale

question: What did the research performed in the 1970s show about masculinity and feminity? 

answer: more appropriately measured as independent concepts on a separate scale rather than as a single continuum

question: What would be possible if homesexuality and heterosexuality where measured on different scales? 

answer: would allow one to be both very heterosexual and very homosexual or not very much of either.

question: What is another benefit of measuring sexuality on two scaless verses just the Kinsey scale? 

answer: the degree of heterosexual and homosexual can be independently determined,
Title: Sexual_orientation
Context: Research focusing on sexual orientation uses scales of assessment to identify who belongs in which sexual population group. It is assumed that these scales will be able to reliably identify and categorize people by their sexual orientation. However, it is difficult to determine an individual's sexual orientation through scales of assessment, due to ambiguity regarding the definition of sexual orientation. Generally, there are three components of sexual orientation used in assessment. Their definitions and examples of how they may be assessed are as follows:

question: How does research identify sexual population groups? 

answer: scales of assessment

question: What is the understanding of the scales used? 

answer: to reliably identify and categorize people by their sexual orientation

question: Why might the scales fail? 

answer: due to ambiguity regarding the definition of sexual orientation

question: How many components are used in assessment? 

answer: three components

question: What does the research on sexual orientation use to determine who belongs in which sexual populaiton group? 

answer: scales of assessment

question: What is the general idea regading these scales that are used? 

answer: assumed that these scales will be able to reliably identify and categorize people by their sexual orientation.

question: What can cause problems with these scales that are used? 

answer: ambiguity regarding the definition of sexual orientation

question: How many components are used in an assessment? 

answer: there are three components of sexual orientation
Title: Sexual_orientation
Context: Depending on which component of sexual orientation is being assessed and referenced, different conclusions can be drawn about the prevalence rate of homosexuality which has real world consequences. Knowing how much of the population is made up of homosexual individuals influences how this population may be seen or treated by the public and government bodies. For example, if homosexual individuals constitute only 1% of the general population they are politically easier to ignore or than if they are known to be a constituency that surpasses most ethnic and ad minority groups. If the number is relatively minor then it is difficult to argue for community based same sex programs and services, mass media inclusion of gay role models, or Gay/Straight Alliances in schools. For this reason, in the 1970s Bruce Voeller, the chair of the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force perpetuated a common myth that the prevalence of homosexuality is 10% for the whole population by averaging a 13% number for men and a 7% number for women. Voeller generalized this finding and used it as part of the modern gay rights movement to convince politicians and the public that "we [gays and lesbians] are everywhere".

question: What myth did Bruce Voeller perpetuate in the 70's? 

answer: that the prevalence of homosexuality is 10% for the whole population

question: What were the calculations of this myth? 

answer: averaging a 13% number for men and a 7% number for women

question: What message did Voeller deliver using this myth? 

answer: we [gays and lesbians] are everywhere

question: What comes along with defining how much of the population is homosexual? 

answer: influences how this population may be seen or treated by the public and government bodies

question: What does knowing the sexual population influence? 

answer: how this population may be seen or treated by the public and government bodies

question: Who was the cahir of the national gay and lesbian task force in the 1970s? 

answer: Bruce Voeller

question: What did Bruce Voeller do with his findings? 

answer: used it as part of the modern gay rights movement to convince politicians and the public that "we [gays and lesbians] are everywhere".

question: What myth did Bruce Voeller preserve in the 1970s? 

answer: that the prevalence of homosexuality is 10% for the whole population by averaging a 13% number for men and a 7% number for women
Title: Sexual_orientation
Context: Another study on men and women's patterns of sexual arousal confirmed that men and women have different patterns of arousal, independent of their sexual orientations. The study found that women's genitals become aroused to both human and nonhuman stimuli from movies showing humans of both genders having sex (heterosexual and homosexual) and from videos showing non-human primates (bonobos) having sex. Men did not show any sexual arousal to non-human visual stimuli, their arousal patterns being in line with their specific sexual interest (women for heterosexual men and men for homosexual men).

question: Do men and women's patterns of arousal differ? 

answer: men and women have different patterns of arousal

question: Are the patterns related to orientation? 

answer: independent of their sexual orientations

question: What types of stimuli were found to arouse women? 

answer: both human and nonhuman stimuli

question: What stimuli did men show no arousal towards? 

answer: to non-human visual stimuli

question: Men's arousal patterns were found to be with? 

answer: their specific sexual interest

question: What did a study on men and womens sexual arousal show? 

answer: confirmed that men and women have different patterns of arousal, independent of their sexual orientations

question: Did women in the studys become aroused to heterosexual stimulation? 

answer: become aroused to both human and nonhuman stimuli from movies showing humans of both genders having sex (heterosexual and homosexual

question: Did men have any arousal from non human videos containing sex? 

answer: x. Men did not show any sexual arousal to non-human visual stimuli,

question: Did mens arousal relate to the sexual interests? 

answer: , their arousal patterns being in line with their specific sexual interest (women for heterosexual men and men for homosexual men).
Title: Sexual_orientation
Context: Androphilia and gynephilia (or gynecophilia) are terms used in behavioral science to describe sexual attraction, as an alternative to a homosexual and heterosexual conceptualization. They are used for identifying a subject's object of attraction without attributing a sex assignment or gender identity to the subject. Related terms such as pansexual and polysexual do not make any such assignations to the subject. People may also use terms such as queer, pansensual, polyfidelitous, ambisexual, or personalized identities such as byke or biphilic.

question: What science terms are used to describe sexual attraction? 

answer: Androphilia and gynephilia

question: These terms are an alternative to what conceptualization? 

answer: to a homosexual and heterosexual conceptualization

question: What are these terms not attributing to the subject/person being described? 

answer: a sex assignment or gender identity

question: What are other terms that do not make similar assignments? 

answer: pansexual and polysexual

question: What are other terms used in the same vein as pansexual? 

answer: queer, pansensual, polyfidelitous, ambisexual

question: Which terms are used in describing sexual desires? 

answer: Androphilia and gynephilia (or gynecophilia

question: What are two other words for androphilia and gynephlia? 

answer: homosexual and heterosexual

question: What are the terms androphilia and gynephial use for? 

answer: identifying a subject's object of attraction without attributing a sex assignment or gender identity to the subject

question: What are other common words that people may use for homosexual and heterosexual people? 

answer: queer, pansensual, polyfidelitous, ambisexual, or personalized identities such as byke or biphilic.
Title: Sexual_orientation
Context: Translation is a major obstacle when comparing different cultures. Many English terms lack equivalents in other languages, while concepts and words from other languages fail to be reflected in the English language. Translation and vocabulary obstacles are not limited to the English language. Language can force individuals to identify with a label that may or may not accurately reflect their true sexual orientation. Language can also be used to signal sexual orientation to others. The meaning of words referencing categories of sexual orientation are negotiated in the mass media in relation to social organization. New words may be brought into use to describe new terms or better describe complex interpretations of sexual orientation. Other words may pick up new layers or meaning. For example, the heterosexual Spanish terms marido and mujer for "husband" and "wife", respectively, have recently been replaced in Spain by the gender-neutral terms cónyuges or consortes meaning "spouses".

question: What tends to be a major obstacle when comparing cultures? 

answer: Translation

question: What can force individuals to identify with a label that may not reflect true orientation? 

answer: Language

question: Where are the meanings of words negotiated? 

answer: mass media

question: What can be brought into play to describe interpretations of sexual orientation? 

answer: New words

question: What is a major hurdle when studying different cultures? 

answer: Translation

question: Why does translation cause such issues among different cultures? 

answer: English terms lack equivalents in other languages, while concepts and words from other languages fail to be reflected in the English language.

question: What problems can arise due to translation issues? 

answer: can force individuals to identify with a label that may or may not accurately reflect their true sexual orientation

question: What can be used to signal sexual idenitys to others? 

answer: Language
Title: Sexual_orientation
Context: The earliest writers on sexual orientation usually understood it to be intrinsically linked to the subject's own sex. For example, it was thought that a typical female-bodied person who is attracted to female-bodied persons would have masculine attributes, and vice versa. This understanding was shared by most of the significant theorists of sexual orientation from the mid nineteenth to early twentieth century, such as Karl Heinrich Ulrichs, Richard von Krafft-Ebing, Magnus Hirschfeld, Havelock Ellis, Carl Jung, and Sigmund Freud, as well as many gender-variant homosexual people themselves. However, this understanding of homosexuality as sexual inversion was disputed at the time, and, through the second half of the twentieth century, gender identity came to be increasingly seen as a phenomenon distinct from sexual orientation. Transgender and cisgender people may be attracted to men, women, or both, although the prevalence of different sexual orientations is quite different in these two populations. An individual homosexual, heterosexual or bisexual person may be masculine, feminine, or androgynous, and in addition, many members and supporters of lesbian and gay communities now see the "gender-conforming heterosexual" and the "gender-nonconforming homosexual" as negative stereotypes. Nevertheless, studies by J. Michael Bailey and Kenneth Zucker found a majority of the gay men and lesbians sampled reporting various degrees of gender-nonconformity during their childhood years.

question: Early writers linked orientation to what concept? 

answer: the subject's own sex

question: What theorists agreed with this concept? 

answer: Karl Heinrich Ulrichs, Richard von Krafft-Ebing, Magnus Hirschfeld, Havelock Ellis, Carl Jung, and Sigmund Freud,

question: What two things became to be seen as distinct from one another? 

answer: gender identity came to be increasingly seen as a phenomenon distinct from sexual orientation

question: What negative stereotypes have emerged from this understanding? 

answer: gender-conforming heterosexual" and the "gender-nonconforming homosexual

question: What did a majority of gay men and women experience in their childhood? 

answer: gender-nonconformity

question: What did gender idenity become to be seen as? 

answer: phenomenon distinct from sexual orientation

question: What can be considered to be bad stereotypes to gay communities? 

answer: "gender-conforming heterosexual" and the "gender-nonconforming homosexual"

question: Who performed the studies that found most homosexual people having different degrees of gender issues? 

answer: Michael Bailey and Kenneth Zucker

question: What was thought of early lesbians and gay men? 

answer: it was thought that a typical female-bodied person who is attracted to female-bodied persons would have masculine attributes, and vice versa.

question: In these studies when was the gender-noncomformity experienced? 

answer: during their childhood years.