praj-17/QA-MCQ-Open-ended huggingface dataset:
Title: Samoa
Context: Rugby league is mostly played by Samoans living in New Zealand and Australia,[citation needed] with Samoa reaching the quarter finals of the 2013 Rugby League World Cup made of players playing in the NRL, Super League and domestic players. Many Samoans and New Zealanders or Australians of Samoan descent play in the Super League and National Leagues in Britain. Francis Meli, Ta'ane Lavulavu of Workington Town, Maurie Fa'asavalu of St Helens and David Fatialofa of Whitehaven and Setima Sa who signed with London Irish rugby club. Other noteworthy players from NZ and Australia have represented the Samoan National team. The 2011 domestic Samoan rugby league competition contained 10 teams with plans to expand to 12 in 2012.

question: In what competition did the Samoan rugby team reach the quarter finals in 2013? 

answer: Rugby League World Cup

question: Apart from Australia, in what country other than Samoa might Samoan rugby players live? 

answer: New Zealand

question: What Samoan rugby player signed to London Irish rugby club? 

answer: Setima Sa

question: How many teams played in the 2011 domestic Samoan rugby league competition? 

answer: 10

question: What rugby club did Maurie Fa'asavalu play for? 

answer: St Helens
Title: Pope_Paul_VI
Context: Pope Paul VI (Latin: Paulus VI; Italian: Paolo VI), born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini (Italian pronunciation: [dʒioˈvani baˈtista enˈriko anˈtonjo marˈija monˈtini]; 26 September 1897 – 6 August 1978), reigned as Pope from 21 June 1963 to his death in 1978. Succeeding Pope John XXIII, he continued the Second Vatican Council which he closed in 1965, implementing its numerous reforms, and fostered improved ecumenical relations with Eastern Orthodox and Protestants, which resulted in many historic meetings and agreements. Montini served in the Vatican's Secretariat of State from 1922 to 1954. While in the Secretariat of State, Montini and Domenico Tardini were considered as the closest and most influential colleagues of Pope Pius XII, who in 1954 named him Archbishop of Milan, the largest Italian diocese. Montini automatically became the Secretary of the Italian Bishops Conference. John XXIII elevated him to the College of Cardinals in 1958, and after the death of John XXIII, Montini was considered one of his most likely successors.

question: On What date was Pope Paul VI born? 

answer: 26 September 1897

question: On what date did Pope Paul VI die? 

answer: 6 August 1978)

question: In what year did Pope Paul VI close the Second Vatican Counsel? 

answer: 1965

question: When was Pope Paul VI elected as Pope? 

answer: 21 June 1963

question: What was Pope Paul VI's first name at birth? 

answer: Giovanni
Title: Pope_Paul_VI
Context: Upon his election to the papacy, Montini took the pontifical name Paul VI (the first to take the name "Paul" since 1605) to indicate a renewed worldwide mission to spread the message of Christ, following the example of Apostle St. Paul.[citation needed] He re-convened the Second Vatican Council, which was automatically closed with the death of John XXIII, and gave it priority and direction. After the council had concluded its work, Paul VI took charge of the interpretation and implementation of its mandates, often walking a thin line between the conflicting expectations of various groups within Catholicism. The magnitude and depth of the reforms affecting all fields of Church life during his pontificate exceeded similar reform policies of his predecessors and successors. Paul VI was a Marian devotee, speaking repeatedly to Marian congresses and mariological meetings, visiting Marian shrines and issuing three Marian encyclicals. Following his famous predecessor Saint Ambrose of Milan, he named Mary as the Mother of the Church during the Second Vatican Council. Paul VI sought dialogue with the world, with other Christians, other religions, and atheists, excluding nobody. He saw himself as a humble servant for a suffering humanity and demanded significant changes of the rich in North America and Europe in favour of the poor in the Third World. His positions on birth control, promulgated most famously in the 1968 encyclical Humanae vitae, and other political issues, were often controversial, especially in Western Europe and North America.

question: What type of devotee was Pope Paul VI? 

answer: Marian

question: What name had not been used for a Pope since the year 1605? 

answer: "Paul"

question: In what year was the name "Paul" last used as a pontifical name before Pope Paul VI became Pope? 

answer: 1605

question: What did Pope Paul VI re-convene when he became Pope? 

answer: the Second Vatican Council

question: What publication promoted Pope Paul VI's views on abortion? 

answer: encyclical Humanae vitae
Title: Pope_Paul_VI
Context: Giovanni Battista Montini was born in the village of Concesio, in the province of Brescia, Lombardy in 1897. His father Giorgio Montini was a lawyer, journalist, director of the Catholic Action and member of the Italian Parliament. His mother was Giudetta Alghisi, from a family of rural nobility. He had two brothers, Francesco Montini, who became a physician, and Lodovico Montini, who became a lawyer and politician. On 30 September 1897, he was baptized in the name of Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini. He attended Cesare Arici, a school run by the Jesuits, and in 1916, he received a diploma from Arnaldo da Brescia, a public school in Brescia. His education was often interrupted by bouts of illness.

question: In what Italian province was Giovanni Battista Montini born? 

answer: Brescia, Lombardy

question: In what Italian village was Giovanni Battista Montini born? 

answer: Concesio

question: What political organization was Giovanni's father a member of? 

answer: Italian Parliament

question: How many brothers did Giovanni have? 

answer: two

question: What was Giovanni's mother descended from? 

answer: rural nobility
Title: Pope_Paul_VI
Context: In 1916, he entered the seminary to become a Roman Catholic priest. He was ordained priest on 29 May 1920 in Brescia and celebrated his first Holy Mass in Brescia in the Basilica of Santa Maria delle Grazie. Montini concluded his studies in Milan with a doctorate in Canon Law in the same year. Afterwards he studied at the Gregorian University, the University of Rome La Sapienza and, at the request of Giuseppe Pizzardo at the Accademia dei Nobili Ecclesiastici. At the age of twenty-five, again at the request of Giuseppe Pizzardo, Montini entered the Secretariat of State in 1922, where he worked under Pizzardo together with Francesco Borgongini-Duca, Alfredo Ottaviani, Carlo Grano, Domenico Tardini and Francis Spellman. Consequently, he spent not a day as a parish priest. In 1925 he helped found the publishing house Morcelliana in Brescia, focused on promoting a 'Christian inspired culture'.

question: In what year did Montini enter the Catholic seminary to become a priest? 

answer: 1916

question: In what field did Montini obtain a doctorate in? 

answer: Canon Law

question: In what city did Montini finish his doctoral studies? 

answer: Milan

question: At what age did Montini enter the Secretariat of state? 

answer: twenty-five

question: Where did Montini continue to study at the request of Giuseppe Pizzardo? 

answer: Accademia dei Nobili Ecclesiastici
Title: Pope_Paul_VI
Context: The only foreign diplomatic experience Montini underwent was his time in the nunciature in Warsaw, Poland in 1923. Like Achille Ratti before him,[a] he felt confronted with the huge problem, not limited to Poland, of excessive nationalism: "This form of nationalism treats foreigners as enemies, especially foreigners with whom one has common frontiers. Then one seeks the expansion of one's own country at the expense of the immediate neighbours. People grow up with a feeling of being hemmed in. Peace becomes a transient compromise between wars." When he was recalled to Rome he was happy to go, because "this concludes this episode of my life, which has provided useful, though not always joyful, experiences."

question: What political problem did Montini feel he needed to address as a diplomat in Poland? 

answer: excessive nationalism

question: How did Montini see the nationalism of Poland as a problem? 

answer: treats foreigners as enemies

question: What humanitarian concept did Montini see nationalism as violating? 

answer: common frontiers

question: What type of political stability was compromised as a result of violent nationalism? 

answer: Peace

question: Where was Montini happy to return to after his tenure in Poland? 

answer: Rome
Title: Pope_Paul_VI
Context: His organisational skills led him to a career in the Roman Curia, the papal civil service. In 1931, Pacelli appointed him to teach history at the Papal Academy for Diplomats In 1937, after his mentor Giuseppe Pizzardo was named a cardinal and was succeeded by Domenico Tardini, Montini was named Substitute for Ordinary Affairs under Cardinal Pacelli, the Secretary of State under Pope Pius XI. From Pius XI, whom he viewed with awe, he adopted the view, that learning is a life long process, and that history was the magister vitae teacher of life His immediate supervisor in the Vatican was Domenico Tardini, with whom he got along well. The election of Pacelli to the papacy in 1939, anticipated by everybody and openly promoted by Pope Pius XI in his last years, was a good omen for Montini, whose position was confirmed in the position under the new Cardinal Secretary of State Luigi Maglione. He met the pope every morning until 1954 and thus developed a rather close relationship:

question: What type of natural ability helped Montini in his career in the Roman Curia? 

answer: organisational skills

question: When was Paccelli elected to the papacy? 

answer: 1939

question: With whom did Montini have a relationship with that eventually groomed him for the papacy? 

answer: Pacelli

question: Where did Montini teach history? 

answer: Papal Academy for Diplomats

question: Who was Montini's mentor that eventually became a Cardinal? 

answer: Giuseppe Pizzardo
Title: Pope_Paul_VI
Context: As war broke out, Maglione, Tardini and Montini were the main figures in the Vatican's State Department, as despatches originated from or addressed to them during the war years.[page needed] Montini was in charge of taking care of the "ordinary affairs" of the Secretariat of State, which took much of the mornings of every working day. In the afternoon he moved to the third floor into the Office of the Private Secretary of the Pontiff. Pius XII did not have a personal secretary. As did several popes before him, he delegated the secretarial functions to the State Secretariat. During the war years, thousands of letters from all parts of the world arrived at the desk of the pope, most of them asking for understanding, prayer and help. Montini was tasked to formulate the replies in the name of Pius XII, expressing his empathy, and understanding and providing help, where possible.

question: What department did Montini oversee when he worked with the Secretariat of State? 

answer: ordinary affairs

question: What organization did Montini, Maglione and Tardini belong to? 

answer: Vatican's State Department

question: What role did Montini fill for Pius XII? 

answer: Private Secretary

question: What did Montini take charge of responding to on behalf of Pius XII? 

answer: letters

question: During what time was Montini responsible for the communications of the Vatican? 

answer: war years
Title: Pope_Paul_VI
Context: At the request of the pope, he created an information office for prisoners of war and refugees, which in the years of its existence from 1939 until 1947 received almost ten million (9 891 497) information requests and produced over eleven million (11.293.511) answers about missing persons. Montini was several times openly attacked by Benito Mussolini's government as a politician, and meddling in politics, but each time he found powerful defenses by the Vatican. In 1944, Luigi Maglione died, and Pius XII appointed Tardini and Montini together as heads of the State Department. Montini's admiration was almost filial, when he described Pope Pius XII:

question: In what year was the office for information for prisoners and refugees founded? 

answer: 1939

question: How many inquiries did Mintini receive regarding missing persons ? 

answer: ten million

question: What was Montini accused of being by the Italian government? 

answer: politician

question: With whom did Montini feel he had a brother like connection to? 

answer: Pope Pius XII

question: What Italian Prime Minister attacked Montini for his political stances? 

answer: Mussolini
Title: Pope_Paul_VI
Context: As Secretary of State Montini coordinated the activities of assistance to the persecuted hidden in convents, parishes, seminaries, and in ecclesiastical schools. At the request of the pope, together with Pascalina Lehnert, Ferdinando Baldelli and Otto Faller, he created the Pontificia Commissione di Assistenza, which aided large number of Romans and refugees from everywhere with shelter, food and other material assistance. In Rome alone this organization distributed almost two million portions of free food in the year 1944. The Vatican and the Papal Residence Castel Gandolfo were opened to refugees. Some 15,000 persons lived in Castel Gandolfo alone, supported by the Pontificia Commissione di Assistenza. At the request of Pius XII, Montini was also involved in the re-establishment of Church Asylum, providing protection to hundreds of Allied soldiers, who had escaped from Axis prison camps, Jews, anti-Fascists, Socialists, Communists, and after the liberation of Rome, German soldiers, partisans and other displaced persons. After the war and later as pope, Montini turned the Pontificia Commissione di Assistenza, into the major charity, Caritas Italiana.[b]

question: Who requested Montini become involved in the Church Asylum movement? 

answer: Pius XII

question: What war time group did the Vatican and Papal residence open their doors to? 

answer: refugees

question: How many people lived at Castel Gofolfo during the war? 

answer: 15,000

question: What organization did Montini form with other fellow officials to help refugees? 

answer: Pontificia Commissione di Assistenza

question: What did Montini strive to reestablish to help persecuted Jews and allied soldiers? 

answer: Church Asylum
Title: Pope_Paul_VI
Context: Pius XII delivered an address about Montini's appointment from his sick-bed over radio to those assembled in St. Peter's Basilica on 12 December 1954. Both Montini and the pope had tears in their eyes when Montini parted for his dioceses with 1,000 churches, 2,500 priests and 3,500,000 souls. On 5 January 1955, Montini formally took possession of his Cathedral of Milan. Montini, after a period of preparation, liked his new tasks as archbishop, connecting to all groups of faithful in Milan. He enjoyed meetings with intellectuals, artists and writers.

question: In what year did Pius XII deliver a radio address announcing Montini's papal appointment? 

answer: 1954

question: On what date did Montini become the archbishop of Milan? 

answer: 5 January

question: In what year did Montini become the archbishop of the Cathedral of Milan? 

answer: 1955

question: Where was Pius XII when he announced Montini's appointment as archbishop? 

answer: his sick-bed

question: To what Italian city was Montini appointed archbishop? 

answer: Milan
Title: Pope_Paul_VI
Context: Montini and Angelo Roncalli were considered to be friends, but when Roncalli, as Pope John XXIII announced a new Ecumenical Council, Cardinal Montini reacted with disbelief and said to Giulio Bevilacqua: "This old boy does not know what a hornets nest he is stirring up." He was appointed to the Central Preparatory Commission in 1961. During the Council, his friend Pope John XXIII asked him to live in the Vatican. He was a member of the Commission for Extraordinary Affairs but did not engage himself much into the floor debates on various issues. His main advisor was Monsignore Giovanni Colombo, whom he later appointed to be his successor in Milan The Commission was greatly overshadowed by the insistence of John XXIII to have the Council complete all its work in one single session before Christmas 1962, to the 400th anniversary of the Council of Trent, an insistence which may have also been influenced by the Pope's recent knowledge that he had cancer.

question: What group did Montini oppose reforming? 

answer: Ecumenical Council

question: In what year was Montini appointed to the Central Preparatory Commission?  

answer: 1961

question: Where did the Pope ask Cardinal Montini to live? 

answer: Vatican

question: What did Montini avoid as a member of the Commission for Extraordinary Affairs? 

answer: debates

question: What illness had the Pope contracted? 

answer: cancer
Title: Pope_Paul_VI
Context: During his period in Milan, Montini was known as a progressive member of the Catholic hierarchy. Montini went new ways in pastoral care, which he reformed. He used his authority to ensure that the liturgical reforms of Pius XII were carried out at the local level and employed innovative methods to reach the people of Milan: Huge posters announced that 1,000 voices would speak to them from 10 to 24 November 1957. More than 500 priests and many bishops, cardinals and lay persons delivered 7,000 sermons in the period not only in churches but in factories, meeting halls, houses, courtyards, schools, offices, military barracks, hospitals, hotels and other places, where people meet. His goal was the re-introduction of faith to a city without much religion. "If only we can say Our Father and know what this means, then we would understand the Christian faith."

question: What type of political viewpoint was Montini known for as a member of the Catholic leadership? 

answer: progressive

question: What part of Catholic ministry did Montini seek to reform? 

answer: pastoral care

question: What type of media did Montini use to advertise the church's sermons to the people of Milan? 

answer: posters

question: How many "voices" did Montini's posters claim the people of Milan would hear? 

answer: 1,000

question: From the 10 of NOvember to the 24 of November how many sermons were actually delivered to the Italian people? 

answer: 7,000
Title: Pope_Paul_VI
Context: Pius XII asked Archbishop Montini to Rome October 1957, where he gave the main presentation to the Second World Congress of Lay Apostolate. Previously as Pro-Secretary, he had worked hard to unify a worldwide organization of lay people of 58 nations, representing 42 national organizations. He presented them to Pius XII in Rome in 1951. The second meeting in 1957 gave Montini an opportunity to express the lay apostolate in modern terms: "Apostolate means love. We will love all, but especially those, who need help... We will love our time, our technology, our art, our sports, our world."

question: To whom did Montini speak as an archbishop in the year 1957? 

answer: Second World Congress of Lay Apostolate

question: According to Montini was does the term apostolate mean? 

answer: love

question: How many nations did Montini hope to unify as Pro-secretary? 

answer: 58

question: When was Montini's first meeting addressing the unification of Catholic lay followers? 

answer: 1951
Title: Pope_Paul_VI
Context: Although some cardinals seem to have viewed him as papabile, a likely candidate to become pope, and may have received some votes in the 1958 conclave, Montini was not yet a cardinal, which made him an unlikely choice.[c] Angelo Roncalli was elected pope on 28 October 1958 and assumed the name John XXIII. On 17 November 1958, L'Osservatore Romano announced a consistory for the creation of new cardinals. Montini's name led the list. When the pope raised Montini to the cardinalate on 15 December 1958, he became Cardinal-Priest of Ss. Silvestro e Martino ai Monti. He appointed him simultaneously to several Vatican congregations which resulted in many visits by Montini to Rome in the coming years.

question: What role was Montini not considered a likely candidate for? 

answer: pope

question: What had Montini yet to become? 

answer: a cardinal,

question: Who was elected pope in 1958? 

answer: Angelo Roncalli

question: When did Montini finally become a cardinal? 

answer: 15 December 1958

question: What doicese did Montini become cardinal of? 

answer: Ss. Silvestro e Martino
Title: Pope_Paul_VI
Context: As a Cardinal, Montini journeyed to Africa (1962), where he visited Ghana, Sudan, Kenya, Congo, Rhodesia, South Africa, and Nigeria. After his journey, John XXIII gave him a private audience on his trip which lasted for several hours. In fifteen other trips he visited Brazil (1960) and the USA (1960), including New York City, Washington, DC, Chicago, the University of Notre Dame in Indiana, Boston, Philadelphia, and Baltimore. While a cardinal, he usually vacationed in Engelberg Abbey, a secluded Benedictine monastery in Switzerland.

question: What country did Montini visit as Cardinal? 

answer: Africa

question: In what year did Montini travel to visit Africa as a cardinal? 

answer: 1962

question: How many foreign trips did Montini make as Cardinal? 

answer: fifteen

question: In what year did Montini visit the United States? 

answer: 1960

question: Where did Montini like to use as a retreat as a cardinal? 

answer: Engelberg Abbey
Title: Pope_Paul_VI
Context: Unlike the papabile cardinals Giacomo Lercaro of Bologna and Giuseppe Siri of Genoa, he was not identified with either the left or right, nor was he seen as a radical reformer. He was viewed as most likely to continue the Second Vatican Council, which already, without any tangible results, had lasted longer than anticipated by John XXIII, who had a vision but "did not have a clear agenda. His rhetoric seems to have had a note of over-optimism, a confidence in progress, which was characteristic of the 1960s." When John XXIII died of stomach cancer on 3 June 1963, it triggered a conclave to elect a new pope.

question: What role was Montini not perceived to fill unlike some of his fellow cardinals? 

answer: reformer

question: In what year did Pope John XXIII die? 

answer: 1963

question: What role did Pope John XXIII's death precipitate the election of? 

answer: pope

question: What illness caused the death of Pope John XXIII 

answer: stomach cancer

question: What organization did the church expect Montini to continue? 

answer: Second Vatican Council
Title: Pope_Paul_VI
Context: Paul VI did away with much of the regal splendor of the papacy. He was the last pope to date to be crowned; his successor Pope John Paul I replaced the Papal Coronation (which Paul had already substantially modified, but which he left mandatory in his 1975 apostolic constitution Romano Pontifici Eligendo) with a Papal Inauguration. Paul VI donated his own Papal Tiara, a gift from his former Archdiocese of Milan, to the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception in Washington, DC (where it is on permanent display in the Crypt) as a gift to American Catholics.

question: What did Paul VI donate to the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception ? 

answer: Papal Tiara

question: What group gave Paul VI his Papal tiara? 

answer: Archdiocese of Milan

question: Where is the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception located? 

answer: Washington, DC

question: Who was the last pope to be crowned? 

answer: Paul VI

question: What ceremony had Paul VI left in place in in the 1975 apostolic constitution? 

answer: Papal Coronation