praj-17/QA-MCQ-Open-ended huggingface dataset:
Title: United_States_Air_Force
Context: During the early 2000s, the USAF fumbled several high profile aircraft procurement projects, such as the missteps on the KC-X program. Winslow Wheeler has written that this pattern represents "failures of intellect and – much more importantly – ethics." As a result, the USAF fleet is setting new records for average aircraft age and needs to replace its fleets of fighters, bombers, airborne tankers, and airborne warning aircraft, in an age of restrictive defense budgets. Finally in the midst of scandal and failure in maintaining its nuclear arsenal, the civilian and military leaders of the air force were replaced in 2008.

question: When did the USAF have several missteps of aircraft procurement projects?  

answer: early 2000s

question: Who wrote that these aircraft procurement projects were a failure of intellect and ethics? 

answer: Winslow Wheeler

question: When were the military leaders replaced after a scandal over failure to maintain its nuclear arsenal?  

answer: 2008
Title: United_States_Air_Force
Context: Since 2005, the USAF has placed a strong focus on the improvement of Basic Military Training (BMT) for enlisted personnel. While the intense training has become longer, it also has shifted to include a deployment phase. This deployment phase, now called the BEAST, places the trainees in a surreal environment that they may experience once they deploy. While the trainees do tackle the massive obstacle courses along with the BEAST, the other portions include defending and protecting their base of operations, forming a structure of leadership, directing search and recovery, and basic self aid buddy care. During this event, the Military Training Instructors (MTI) act as mentors and enemy forces in a deployment exercise.

question: What did the USAF strive to improve since 2005? 

answer: Basic Military Training

question: What is the deployment phase of BMT called?  

answer: BEAST

question: What other training do the US Air force Personnel get during BMT?  

answer: directing search and recovery

question: Who acts as a mentor during this deployment phase of the BMT? 

answer: Military Training Instructors
Title: United_States_Air_Force
Context: In 2007, the USAF undertook a Reduction-in-Force (RIF). Because of budget constraints, the USAF planned to reduce the service's size from 360,000 active duty personnel to 316,000. The size of the active duty force in 2007 was roughly 64% of that of what the USAF was at the end of the first Gulf War in 1991. However, the reduction was ended at approximately 330,000 personnel in 2008 in order to meet the demand signal of combatant commanders and associated mission requirements. These same constraints have seen a sharp reduction in flight hours for crew training since 2005 and the Deputy Chief of Staff for Manpower and Personnel directing Airmen's Time Assessments.

question: What year did the USAF take a Reduction-in-force? 

answer: 2007

question: Why did the USAF plan to take a reduction-in-force? 

answer: budget constraints

question: How many USAF personnel did the reduction end in during 2008? 

answer: 330,000

question: What has there been a sharp reduction in during the years following 2005 in the USAF? 

answer: flight hours for crew training
Title: United_States_Air_Force
Context: On 5 June 2008, Secretary of Defense Robert Gates, accepted the resignations of both the Secretary of the Air Force, Michael Wynne, and the Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force, General T. Michael Moseley. Gates in effect fired both men for "systemic issues associated with declining Air Force nuclear mission focus and performance." This followed an investigation into two embarrassing incidents involving mishandling of nuclear weapons: specifically a nuclear weapons incident aboard a B-52 flight between Minot AFB and Barksdale AFB, and an accidental shipment of nuclear weapons components to Taiwan. The resignations were also the culmination of disputes between the Air Force leadership, populated primarily by non-nuclear background fighter pilots, versus Gates. To put more emphasis on nuclear assets, the USAF established the nuclear-focused Air Force Global Strike Command on 24 October 2008.

question: Who was Robert Gates?  

answer: Secretary of Defense

question: What Secretary of the Air Force resigned in 2008? 

answer: Michael Wynne

question: Where did the US Air Force accidentally ship a component of Nuclear Weapons?  

answer: Taiwan

question: What US Chief of Staff of the US Air Force also resigned in June of 2008? 

answer: General T. Michael Moseley

question: When was the Air Force Global Strike Command formed? 

answer: 24 October 2008
Title: United_States_Air_Force
Context: Due to the Budget sequestration in 2013, the USAF was forced to ground many of its squadrons. The Commander of Air Combat Command, General Mike Hostage indicated that the USAF must reduce its F-15 and F-16 fleets and eliminate platforms like the A-10 in order to focus on a fifth-generation jet fighter future. In response to squadron groundings and flight time reductions, many Air Force pilots have opted to resign from active duty and enter the Air Force Reserve and Air National Guard while pursuing careers in the commercial airlines where they can find flight hours on more modern aircraft.

question: Why was the USAF forced to ground some of its squadrons in 2013? 

answer: Budget sequestration

question: Who was the Commander of Air Combat Command in 2013? 

answer: General Mike Hostage

question: Why have many US Air Force pilots opted to resign from active service?  

answer: squadron groundings and flight time reductions

question: Where have many of these US Air Force pilots chosen to find employment instead?  

answer: careers in the commercial airlines
Title: United_States_Air_Force
Context: Specific concerns include a compounded inability for the Air Force to replace its aging fleet, and an overall reduction of strength and readiness. The USAF attempted to make these adjustments by primarily cutting the Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve aircraft fleets and their associated manpower, but Congress reversed this initiative and the majority of the lost manpower will come from the active forces. However, Congress did allow for $208 million of reprogramming from fleet modernization to enable some portion of the third of the grounded fleet to resume operations.

question: What is one of the concerns of the Air Force?  

answer: replace its aging fleet

question: How did the USAF try to make these adjustments to help with strength and readiness of its fleet?  

answer: cutting the Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve aircraft fleets

question: How much money did Congress give to the USAF to enable them to replace some of the grounded fleet?  

answer: $208 million
Title: United_States_Air_Force
Context: The Department of the Air Force is one of three military departments within the Department of Defense, and is managed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force, under the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of Defense. The senior officials in the Office of the Secretary are the Under Secretary of the Air Force, four Assistant Secretaries of the Air Force and the General Counsel, all of whom are appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate. The senior uniformed leadership in the Air Staff is made up of the Chief of Staff of the Air Force and the Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force.

question: Who is the Department of the Air Force managed by? 

answer: Secretary of the Air Force

question: Who does the Secretary of the Air Force report to? 

answer: Secretary of Defense

question: Who appoints the top positions in the USAF, including the Assistant Secretaries and General Council? 

answer: President

question: Upon whom does the President call on for support in his appointments to the USAF? 

answer: Senate

question: Who does the senior leadership roles in the USAF include?  

answer: Chief of Staff of the Air Force and the Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force
Title: United_States_Air_Force
Context: The organizational structure as shown above is responsible for the peacetime organization, equipping, and training of aerospace units for operational missions. When required to support operational missions, the Secretary of Defense (SECDEF) directs the Secretary of the Air Force (SECAF) to execute a Change in Operational Control (CHOP) of these units from their administrative alignment to the operational command of a Regional Combatant Commander (CCDR). In the case of AFSPC, AFSOC, PACAF, and USAFE units, forces are normally employed in-place under their existing CCDR. Likewise, AMC forces operating in support roles retain their componency to USTRANSCOM unless chopped to a Regional CCDR.

question: Who directs the Secretary of the Air Force during operational missions?  

answer: Secretary of Defense

question: What does the abbreviation CHOP stand for?  

answer: Change in Operational Control

question: Who does the AMC forces usually retain their componency to? 

answer: USTRANSCOM

question: Who is in charge of these Change in Operational Control missions?  

answer: Regional Combatant Commander
Title: United_States_Air_Force
Context: "Chopped" units are referred to as forces. The top-level structure of these forces is the Air and Space Expeditionary Task Force (AETF). The AETF is the Air Force presentation of forces to a CCDR for the employment of Air Power. Each CCDR is supported by a standing Component Numbered Air Force (C-NAF) to provide planning and execution of aerospace forces in support of CCDR requirements. Each C-NAF consists of a Commander, Air Force Forces (COMAFFOR) and AFFOR/A-staff, and an Air Operations Center (AOC). As needed to support multiple Joint Force Commanders (JFC) in the COCOM's Area of Responsibility (AOR), the C-NAF may deploy Air Component Coordinate Elements (ACCE) to liaise with the JFC. If the Air Force possesses the preponderance of air forces in a JFC's area of operations, the COMAFFOR will also serve as the Joint Forces Air Component Commander (JFACC).

question: What are "Chopped" units called in the USAF? 

answer: forces

question: What is the top level structure of these Chopped forces in the USAF?  

answer: Air and Space Expeditionary Task Force

question: What does the C-NAF provide support to? 

answer: planning and execution of aerospace forces

question: Who does the C-NAFF coordinate with on ACEE missions? 

answer: JFC
Title: United_States_Air_Force
Context: AFSCs range from officer specialties such as pilot, combat systems officer, missile launch officer, intelligence officer, aircraft maintenance officer, judge advocate general (JAG), medical doctor, nurse or other fields, to various enlisted specialties. The latter range from flight combat operations such as a gunner, to working in a dining facility to ensure that members are properly fed. There are additional occupational fields such as computer specialties, mechanic specialties, enlisted aircrew, communication systems, cyberspace operations, avionics technicians, medical specialties, civil engineering, public affairs, hospitality, law, drug counseling, mail operations, security forces, and search and rescue specialties.

question: What kind of AFSC is a JAG? 

answer: judge advocate general

question: What is one of the many types of AFSC employed by the USAF?  

answer: missile launch officer

question: What is an example of an occupational field position in the USAF? 

answer: computer specialties
Title: United_States_Air_Force
Context: Beyond combat flight crew personnel, perhaps the most dangerous USAF jobs are Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD), Combat rescue officer, Pararescue, Security Forces, Combat Control, Combat Weather, Tactical Air Control Party, and AFOSI agents, who deploy with infantry and special operations units who disarm bombs, rescue downed or isolated personnel, call in air strikes and set up landing zones in forward locations. Most of these are enlisted positions augmented by a smaller number of commissioned officers. Other career fields that have seen increasing exposure to combat include civil engineers, vehicle operators, and Air Force Office of Special Investigations (AFOSI) personnel.

question: What does the abbreviation EOD stand for in the USAF? 

answer: Explosive Ordnance Disposal

question: What is one of the most dangerous jobs for USAF personnel? 

answer: Tactical Air Control Party

question: What do some of these special missions in the USAF who deploy with the infantry do? 

answer: rescue downed or isolated personnel

question: What are these enlisted positions in the USAF complimented by? 

answer: commissioned officers

question: What other career fields have seen an increase in active combat missions?  

answer: Air Force Office of Special Investigations
Title: United_States_Air_Force
Context: Training programs vary in length; for example, 3M0X1 (Services) has 31 days of tech school training, while 3E8X1 (Explosive Ordnance Disposal) is one year of training with a preliminary school and a main school consisting of over 10 separate divisions, sometimes taking students close to two years to complete. Officer technical training conducted by Second Air Force can also vary by AFSC, while flight training for aeronautically-rated officers conducted by AETC's Nineteenth Air Force can last well in excess of one year.

question: How long is the training for Explosive Ordnance Disposal in the USAF? 

answer: one year of training with a preliminary school

question: What USAF tech school has 31 days of training? 

answer: 3M0X1 (Services)

question: Who conducts the training for Technical Officers in the USAF? 

answer: Second Air Force

question: How long does the flight training for the AETC's Nineteenth Air Force last?  

answer: excess of one year
Title: United_States_Air_Force
Context: USAF rank is divided between enlisted airmen, non-commissioned officers, and commissioned officers, and ranges from the enlisted Airman Basic (E-1) to the commissioned officer rank of General (O-10). Enlisted promotions are granted based on a combination of test scores, years of experience, and selection board approval while officer promotions are based on time-in-grade and a promotion selection board. Promotions among enlisted personnel and non-commissioned officers are generally designated by increasing numbers of insignia chevrons. Commissioned officer rank is designated by bars, oak leaves, a silver eagle, and anywhere from one to four stars (one to five stars in war-time).[citation needed]

question: What groups is the USAF rank divided amoung?  

answer: enlisted airmen, non-commissioned officers, and commissioned officers

question: How are Enlisted promotions in the USAF decided?  

answer: based on a combination of test scores, years of experience, and selection board approval

question: How are Officer promotions within the USAF decided? 

answer: based on time-in-grade and a promotion selection board

question: How is a Commissioned Officer's rank shown? 

answer: designated by bars, oak leaves, a silver eagle, and anywhere from one to four stars
Title: United_States_Air_Force
Context: Air Force officer promotions are governed by the Defense Officer Personnel Management Act of 1980 and its companion Reserve Officer Personnel Management Act (ROPMA) for officers in the Air Force Reserve and the Air National Guard. DOPMA also establishes limits on the number of officers that can serve at any given time in the Air Force. Currently, promotion from second lieutenant to first lieutenant is virtually guaranteed after two years of satisfactory service. The promotion from first lieutenant to captain is competitive after successfully completing another two years of service, with a selection rate varying between 99% and 100%. Promotion to major through major general is through a formal selection board process, while promotions to lieutenant general and general are contingent upon nomination to specific general officer positions and subject to U.S. Senate approval.

question: Was does ROPMA stand for in the USAF?  

answer: Reserve Officer Personnel Management Act

question: What are Air Force Officer promotions overseen by? 

answer: Defense Officer Personnel Management Act of 1980

question: How long does it usually take to be promoted from second to first lieutenant in the USAF?  

answer: virtually guaranteed after two years

question: Who establishes limits on the amount of Air Force officers?  

answer: DOPMA

question: What promotion in the USAF is governed by a formal selection process? 

answer: Promotion to major through major general
Title: United_States_Air_Force
Context: During the board process an officer's record is reviewed by a selection board at the Air Force Personnel Center at Randolph Air Force Base in San Antonio, Texas. At the 10 to 11 year mark, captains will take part in a selection board to major. If not selected, they will meet a follow-on board to determine if they will be allowed to remain in the Air Force. Promotion from major to lieutenant colonel is similar and occurs approximately between the thirteen year (for officers who were promoted to major early "below the zone") and the fifteen year mark, where a certain percentage of majors will be selected below zone (i.e., "early"), in zone (i.e., "on time") or above zone (i.e., "late") for promotion to lieutenant colonel. This process will repeat at the 16 year mark (for officers previously promoted early to major and lieutenant colonel) to the 21 year mark for promotion to full colonel.

question: Where is an officer's record in the USAF reviewed for a promotion? 

answer: Air Force Personnel Center at Randolph Air Force Base

question: What state is the Randolph Air Force Base located in?  

answer: Texas

question: When does promotion from major to lieutenant colonel in the USAF typically occur? 

answer: thirteen year

question: The promotion process repeats when for officers promoted early in the USAF? 

answer: 16 year mark
Title: United_States_Air_Force
Context: Although provision is made in Title 10 of the United States Code for the Secretary of the Air Force to appoint warrant officers, the Air Force does not currently use warrant officer grades, and is the only one of the U.S. Armed Services not to do so. The Air Force inherited warrant officer ranks from the Army at its inception in 1947, but their place in the Air Force structure was never made clear.[citation needed] When the Congress authorized the creation of two new senior enlisted ranks in 1958, Air Force officials privately concluded that these two new "super grades" could fill all Air Force needs then performed at the warrant officer level, although this was not publicly acknowledged until years later.[citation needed] The Air Force stopped appointing warrant officers in 1959, the same year the first promotions were made to the new top enlisted grade, Chief Master Sergeant. Most of the existing Air Force warrant officers entered the commissioned officer ranks during the 1960s, but small numbers continued to exist in the warrant officer grades for the next 21 years.

question: What section in the US Code for the Secretary of the Air Force allows for the appointment of warrant officers? 

answer: Title 10

question: When did the USAF inherit warrant officer ranks from the Army? 

answer: 1947

question: When did Congress authorize the creation of two new senior officer grades? 

answer: 1958

question: When did the USAF stop appointing warrant officers? 

answer: 1959

question: What is the newest top enlisted grade in the USAF? 

answer: Chief Master Sergeant
Title: United_States_Air_Force
Context: Enlisted members of the USAF have pay grades from E-1 (entry level) to E-9 (senior enlisted). While all USAF military personnel are referred to as Airmen, the term also refers to the pay grades of E-1 through E-4, which are below the level of non-commissioned officers (NCOs). Above the pay grade of E-4 (i.e., pay grades E-5 through E-9) all ranks fall into the category of NCO and are further subdivided into "NCOs" (pay grades E-5 and E-6) and "Senior NCOs" (pay grades E-7 through E-9); the term "Junior NCO" is sometimes used to refer to staff sergeants and technical sergeants (pay grades E-5 and E-6).

question: What is the lowest pay grade in the USAF? 

answer: E-1 (entry level)

question: What is the highest pay grade in the USAF? 

answer: E-9 (senior enlisted)

question: What pay grades are included in the USAF for Senior NCOs? 

answer: pay grades E-7 through E-9

question: What does junior NCO refer to in the USAF pay grade system? 

answer: staff sergeants and technical sergeants
Title: United_States_Air_Force
Context: The USAF is the only branch of the U.S. military where NCO status is achieved when an enlisted person reaches the pay grade of E-5. In all other branches, NCO status is generally achieved at the pay grade of E-4 (e.g., a Corporal in the Army and Marine Corps, Petty Officer Third Class in the Navy and Coast Guard). The Air Force mirrored the Army from 1976 to 1991 with an E-4 being either a Senior Airman wearing three stripes without a star or a Sergeant (referred to as "Buck Sergeant"), which was noted by the presence of the central star and considered an NCO. Despite not being an NCO, a Senior Airman who has completed Airman Leadership School can be a supervisor according to the AFI 36-2618.

question: When does NCO status happen in all other branches of the US Military? 

answer: pay grade of E-4

question: When does NCO status occur in the USAF? 

answer: when an enlisted person reaches the pay grade of E-5

question: What must a Senior Airman do to become a supervisor in the USAF? 

answer: completed Airman Leadership School

question: What rank is NCO status achieved in the US Army? 

answer: Corporal
Title: United_States_Air_Force
Context: The first USAF dress uniform, in 1947, was dubbed and patented "Uxbridge Blue" after "Uxbridge 1683 Blue", developed at the former Bachman-Uxbridge Worsted Company. The current Service Dress Uniform, which was adopted in 1993 and standardized in 1995, consists of a three-button, pocketless coat, similar to that of a men's "sport jacket" (with silver "U.S." pins on the lapels, with a silver ring surrounding on those of enlisted members), matching trousers, and either a service cap or flight cap, all in Shade 1620, "Air Force Blue" (a darker purplish-blue). This is worn with a light blue shirt (Shade 1550) and Shade 1620 herringbone patterned necktie. Enlisted members wear sleeve insignia on both the jacket and shirt, while officers wear metal rank insignia pinned onto the coat, and Air Force Blue slide-on epaulet loops on the shirt. USAF personnel assigned to Base Honor Guard duties wear, for certain occasions, a modified version of the standard service dress uniform, but with silver trim on the sleeves and trousers, with the addition of a ceremonial belt (if necessary), wheel cap with silver trim and Hap Arnold Device, and a silver aiguillette placed on the left shoulder seam and all devices and accoutrement.

question: Where was the Uxbridge Blue dress uniform developed? 

answer: former Bachman-Uxbridge Worsted Company

question: When was the first USAF dress uniform introduced? 

answer: 1947

question: When was the current USAF dress uniform standardized?  

answer: 1995

question: Where does an officer in the USAF wear their rank insignia?  

answer: pinned onto the coat