praj-17/QA-MCQ-Open-ended huggingface dataset:
Title: Iran
Context: Since 2005, Iran's nuclear program has become the subject of contention with the international community following earlier quotes of Iranian leadership favoring the use of an atomic bomb against Iran's enemies and in particular Israel. Many countries have expressed concern that Iran's nuclear program could divert civilian nuclear technology into a weapons program. This has led the UN Security Council to impose sanctions against Iran which had further isolated Iran politically and economically from the rest of the global community. In 2009, the US Director of National Intelligence said that Iran, if choosing to, would not be able to develop a nuclear weapon until 2013.

question: Iran's nuclear program has caused discord within the international community since when? 

answer: Since 2005

question: Which country did Iran's leadership was quoted as being a possible target of its atomic weapons?   

answer: Israel

question: Who imposed sanctions against Iran as a result of Iran's nuclear program? 

answer: UN Security Council

question: When was it estimated by the US Director of National Intelligence that Iran would be able to develop a nuclear weapon? 

answer: 2013
Title: Iran
Context: Iran has a paramilitary, volunteer militia force within the IRGC, called the Basij, which includes about 90,000 full-time, active-duty uniformed members. Up to 11 million men and women are members of the Basij who could potentially be called up for service; GlobalSecurity.org estimates Iran could mobilize "up to one million men". This would be among the largest troop mobilizations in the world. In 2007, Iran's military spending represented 2.6% of the GDP or $102 per capita, the lowest figure of the Persian Gulf nations. Iran's military doctrine is based on deterrence. In 2014 arms spending the country spent $15 billion and was outspent by the states of the Gulf Cooperation Council by a factor of 13.

question: What is Iran's volunteer militia force named? 

answer: the Basij

question: How many full-time members does the Basij have? 

answer: 90,000

question: How many members in total does the Basij have?  

answer: Up to 11 million men and women

question: In 2007 what was Iran spending 2.6% of its GDP on? 

answer: military spending

question: In 2014, Iran spent how much on weapons spending? 

answer: $15 billion
Title: Iran
Context: Since the 1979 Revolution, to overcome foreign embargoes, Iran has developed its own military industry, produced its own tanks, armored personnel carriers, guided missiles, submarines, military vessels, guided missile destroyer, radar systems, helicopters and fighter planes. In recent years, official announcements have highlighted the development of weapons such as the Hoot, Kowsar, Zelzal, Fateh-110, Shahab-3 and Sejjil missiles, and a variety of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The Fajr-3 (MIRV) is currently Iran's most advanced ballistic missile, it is a liquid fuel missile with an undisclosed range which was developed and produced domestically.

question: What is Iran's most advanced missile? 

answer: The Fajr-3 (MIRV)

question: Why did Iran have to build its own military hardware, vehicles, and weapons after the 1979 Revolution? 

answer: foreign embargoes

question: Since when has Iran developed its domestic military infrastructure? 

answer: 1979 Revolution

question: The Fajr-3 missile uses what type of propulsion system? 

answer: liquid fuel
Title: Iran
Context: In 2006, about 45% of the government's budget came from oil and natural gas revenues, and 31% came from taxes and fees. As of 2007[update], Iran had earned $70 billion in foreign exchange reserves mostly (80%) from crude oil exports. Iranian budget deficits have been a chronic problem, mostly due to large-scale state subsidies, that include foodstuffs and especially gasoline, totaling more than $84 billion in 2008 for the energy sector alone. In 2010, the economic reform plan was approved by parliament to cut subsidies gradually and replace them with targeted social assistance. The objective is to move towards free market prices in a 5-year period and increase productivity and social justice.

question: By 2007, Iran's crude oil exports resulted in how much of its foreign exchange currency? 

answer: $70 billion

question: What is a main cause of Iran's constant budget deficits? 

answer: large-scale state subsidies

question: What year did Iran pass an economic reform plan that would replace subsidies with targeted social assistance programs? 

answer: 2010

question: In 2008, how much was Iran's state subsidy in its energy sector? 

answer: more than $84 billion

question: How much of Iran's budget came from oil and natural gas reserves in 2006? 

answer: about 45%
Title: Iran
Context: The administration continues to follow the market reform plans of the previous one and indicated that it will diversify Iran's oil-reliant economy. Iran has also developed a biotechnology, nanotechnology, and pharmaceuticals industry. However, nationalized industries such as the bonyads have often been managed badly, making them ineffective and uncompetitive with years. Currently, the government is trying to privatize these industries, and, despite successes, there are still several problems to be overcome, such as the lagging corruption in the public sector and lack of competitiveness. In 2010, Iran was ranked 69, out of 139 nations, in the Global Competitiveness Report.

question: What is a main goal of Iran's market reform plans? 

answer: diversify Iran's oil-reliant economy

question: The Global COmpetitiveness Report in 2010 ranked Iran where out of 139 countries? 

answer: ranked 69

question: What Iranian nationalized industry has been noncompetitive and managed badly?  

answer: the bonyads

question: What, along with a lack of competition, has held back Iran's nationalized industries? 

answer: lagging corruption in the public sector
Title: Iran
Context: Economic sanctions against Iran, such as the embargo against Iranian crude oil, have affected the economy. Sanctions have led to a steep fall in the value of the rial, and as of April 2013 one US dollar is worth 36,000 rial, compared with 16,000 in early 2012. Following a successful implementation of the 2015 nuclear and sanctions relief deal, the resulting benefits might not be distributed evenly across the Iranian economy as political elites such as the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps have garnered more resources and economic interests.

question: How much was 1 US Dollar worth in Iranian Rials in early 2012? 

answer: 16,000

question: How much was 1 US Dollar worth in Iranian Rials in April 2013? 

answer: 36,000

question: What year did a nuclear and sanctions relief deal happen for Iran? 

answer: 2015

question: What economic sanction against Iranian crude oil has adversely affected the Iranian economy? 

answer: embargo

question: What would possibly prevent the even spread of relief benefits from Iran's nuclear and sanctions deal of 2015? 

answer: the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps
Title: Iran
Context: Alongside the capital, the most popular tourist destinations are Isfahan, Mashhad and Shiraz. In the early 2000s, the industry faced serious limitations in infrastructure, communications, industry standards and personnel training. The majority of the 300,000 tourist visas granted in 2003 were obtained by Asian Muslims, who presumably intended to visit important pilgrimage sites in Mashhad and Qom. Several organized tours from Germany, France and other European countries come to Iran annually to visit archaeological sites and monuments. In 2003, Iran ranked 68th in tourism revenues worldwide. According to UNESCO and the deputy head of research for Iran Travel and Tourism Organization (ITTO), Iran is rated 4th among the top 10 destinations in the Middle East. Domestic tourism in Iran is one of the largest in the world. Weak advertising, unstable regional conditions, a poor public image in some parts of the world, and absence of efficient planning schemes in the tourism sector have all hindered the growth of tourism.

question: What does Teheran, Isfahan, Mashhad, and Shiraz have in common? 

answer: the most popular tourist destinations

question: How many tourist visas were granted in 2003? 

answer: 300,000

question: Which group made up the majority of granted tourist visas in 2003? 

answer: Asian Muslims

question: In 2003, what was Iran's worldwide rank in tourism revenues? 

answer: ranked 68th

question: What was Iran's rank in the top 10 Middle East destinations according to UNESCO? 

answer: rated 4th
Title: Iran
Context: Iran has the second largest proved gas reserves in the world after Russia, with 33.6 trillion cubic metres, and third largest natural gas production in the world after Indonesia, and Russia. It also ranks fourth in oil reserves with an estimated 153,600,000,000 barrels. It is OPEC's 2nd largest oil exporter and is an energy superpower. In 2005, Iran spent US$4 billion on fuel imports, because of contraband and inefficient domestic use. Oil industry output averaged 4 million barrels per day (640,000 m3/d) in 2005, compared with the peak of six million barrels per day reached in 1974. In the early years of the 2000s (decade), industry infrastructure was increasingly inefficient because of technological lags. Few exploratory wells were drilled in 2005.

question: How much natural gas reserves does Iran have? 

answer: 33.6 trillion cubic metres

question: What is Iran ranked in the world in proved gas reserves? 

answer: second largest

question: How much oil reserves does Iran have? 

answer: 153,600,000,000 barrels

question: Where does Iran rank in OPEC's top oil exporting nations? 

answer: 2nd largest

question: How much did Iran spend in oil imports in 2005? 

answer: US$4 billion
Title: Iran
Context: In 2004, a large share of natural gas reserves in Iran were untapped. The addition of new hydroelectric stations and the streamlining of conventional coal and oil-fired stations increased installed capacity to 33,000 megawatts. Of that amount, about 75% was based on natural gas, 18% on oil, and 7% on hydroelectric power. In 2004, Iran opened its first wind-powered and geothermal plants, and the first solar thermal plant is to come online in 2009. Iran is the third country in the world to have developed GTL technology.

question: When did Iran open its first wind-powered plants? 

answer: 2004

question: When did Iran open its first geothermal plants? 

answer: 2004

question: How much did Iran's installed capacity of power increase to after it added new hydroelectric power in 2004? 

answer: 33,000 megawatts

question: How much of Iran's 33k megawatt installed capacity was based on natural gas?  

answer: 75%

question: How much of Iran's 33k megawatt installed capacity was based on oil?  

answer: 18%
Title: Iran
Context: Iranian scientists outside Iran have also made some major contributions to science. In 1960, Ali Javan co-invented the first gas laser, and fuzzy set theory was introduced by Lotfi Zadeh. Iranian cardiologist, Tofy Mussivand invented and developed the first artificial cardiac pump, the precursor of the artificial heart. Furthering research and treatment of diabetes, HbA1c was discovered by Samuel Rahbar. Iranian physics is especially strong in string theory, with many papers being published in Iran. Iranian-American string theorist Kamran Vafa proposed the Vafa-Witten theorem together with Edward Witten. In August 2014, Maryam Mirzakhani became the first-ever woman, as well as the first-ever Iranian, to receive the Fields Medal, the highest prize in mathematics.

question: Which Iranian scientist co-invented the first gas laser? 

answer: Ali Javan

question: Which Iranian cardiologist developed and invented the first artificial cardiac pump? 

answer: Tofy Mussivand

question: In 2014, Maryam Mirzakhani became the first women ever and first Iranian to win what prestigious mathematics award?  

answer: the Fields Medal

question: Which Iranian scientist discovered HbA1c to further treatment and research of diabetes? 

answer: Samuel Rahbar

question: When did Ali Javan, an Iranian scientist, co-invent the first gas laser? 

answer: 1960
Title: Iran
Context: As with the spoken languages, the ethnic group composition also remains a point of debate, mainly regarding the largest and second largest ethnic groups, the Persians and Azerbaijanis, due to the lack of Iranian state censuses based on ethnicity. The CIA's World Factbook has estimated that around 79% of the population of Iran are a diverse Indo-European ethno-linguistic group that comprise the speakers of Iranian languages, with Persians constituting 53% of the population, Gilaks and Mazanderanis 7%, Kurds 10%, Lurs 6%, and Balochs 2%. Peoples of the other ethnicities in Iran make up the remaining 22%, with Azerbaijanis constituting 16%, Arabs 2%, Turkmens and Turkic tribes 2%, and others 2% (such as Armenians, Talysh, Georgians, Circassians, Assyrians).

question: What is Iran's presumed largest ethnic group? 

answer: Persians

question: What is Iran's presumed 2nd largest ethnic group? 

answer: Azerbaijanis

question: Persians make up what percentage of Iran's population? 

answer: 53%

question: Ethnic minorities such as Azerbaijanis make up what percentage of Iran's population? 

answer: 22%

question: What percentage of Iran speaks any type of Iranian language? 

answer: 79%
Title: Iran
Context: Christianity, Judaism, Zoroastrianism, and the Sunni branch of Islam are officially recognized by the government, and have reserved seats in the Iranian Parliament. But the Bahá'í Faith, which is said to be the largest non-Muslim religious minority in Iran, is not officially recognized, and has been persecuted during its existence in Iran since the 19th century. Since the 1979 Revolution, the persecution of Bahais has increased with executions, the denial of civil rights and liberties, and the denial of access to higher education and employment.

question: What other branch of Islam is recognized by the Iranian government? 

answer: Sunni branch

question: Are the religious minorities in Iran - Christianity, Judaism, Zoroastrianism, and Sunnis - a part of the Iranian Parliament? 

answer: have reserved seats

question: What religious minority is not officially recognized by the Iranian government? 

answer: the Bahá'í Faith

question: How long has the Bahai Faith been persecuted in Iran? 

answer: since the 19th century

question: Which religious minority since the 1979 Revolution has been persecuted and in some cases executed by the Iranian government? 

answer: the Bahá'í Faith
Title: Iran
Context: The earliest examples of visual representations in Iranian history are traced back to the bas-reliefs of Persepolis, c. 500 BC. Persepolis was the ritual center of the ancient kingdom of Achaemenids, and the figures at Persepolis remain bound by the rules of grammar and syntax of visual language. The Iranian visual arts reached a pinnacle by the Sassanid Era. A bas-relief from this period in Taq Bostan depicts a complex hunting scene. Similar works from the period have been found to articulate movements and actions in a highly sophisticated manner. It is even possible to see a progenitor of the cinema close-up in one of these works of art, which shows a wounded wild pig escaping from the hunting ground.

question: What were the first known examples of Iranian visual art?  

answer: the bas-reliefs of Persepolis

question: How far back can the first known examples of Iranian visual art be traced to?  

answer: c. 500 BC

question: What city was the ritual center of the Archaemenids? 

answer: Persepolis

question: In what era did Iranian visual art reach its peak? 

answer: the Sassanid Era
Title: Iran
Context: The 1960s was a significant decade for Iranian cinema, with 25 commercial films produced annually on average throughout the early 60s, increasing to 65 by the end of the decade. The majority of production focused on melodrama and thrillers. With the screening of the films Kaiser and The Cow, directed by Masoud Kimiai and Dariush Mehrjui respectively in 1969, alternative films established their status in the film industry. Attempts to organize a film festival that had begun in 1954 within the framework of the Golrizan Festival, bore fruits in the form of the Sepas Festival in 1969. The endeavors also resulted in the formation of the Tehran World Festival in 1973.

question: What decade was significant to Iranian film? 

answer: 1960s

question: What Iranian film festival in 1954 was the progenitor of future film festivals in 1969 and 1973? 

answer: the Golrizan Festival

question: How many commercial films were produced yearly on average in the early 1960s in Iran? 

answer: 25 commercial films

question: How many commercial films were produced yearly on average by the end of the 1960s in Iran? 

answer: 65

question: What Iranian film festival was created in 1973? 

answer: Tehran World Festival
Title: Iran
Context: After the Revolution of 1979, as the new government imposed new laws and standards, a new age in Iranian cinema emerged, starting with Viva... by Khosrow Sinai and followed by many other directors, such as Abbas Kiarostami and Jafar Panahi. Kiarostami, an admired Iranian director, planted Iran firmly on the map of world cinema when he won the Palme d'Or for Taste of Cherry in 1997. The continuous presence of Iranian films in prestigious international festivals, such as the Cannes Film Festival, the Venice Film Festival, and the Berlin International Film Festival, attracted world attention to Iranian masterpieces. In 2006, six Iranian films, of six different styles, represented Iranian cinema at the Berlin International Film Festival. Critics considered this a remarkable event in the history of Iranian cinema.

question: Which director led off a new age of Iranian film after the 1979 Revolution? 

answer: Khosrow Sinai

question: What was the name of Sinai's film that ushered in Iran's new era of film after the 1979 Revolution? 

answer: Viva...

question: Which Iranian director won the Palm d'Or at Cannes in 1997? 

answer: Abbas Kiarostami

question: What was the name of Kiarostami's film which won the Palm d'Or at Cannes in 1997?  

answer: Taste of Cherry

question: What year did 6 different Iranian films of six different styles represent at the Berlin International Film Festival? 

answer: 2006
Title: Iran
Context: Iran received access to the Internet in 1993. According to 2014 census, around 40% of the population of Iran are Internet users. Iran ranks 24th among countries by number of Internet users. According to the statistics provided by the web information company of Alexa, Google Search and Yahoo! are the most used search engines in Iran. Over 80% of the users of Telegram, a cloud-based instant messaging service, are from Iran. Instagram is the most popular online social networking service in Iran. Direct access to Facebook has been blocked in Iran since the 2009 Iranian presidential election protests, due to organization of the opposition movements on the website; but however, Facebook has around 12 to 17 million users in Iran who are using virtual private networks and proxy servers to access the website. Around 90% of Iran's e-commerce takes place on the Iranian online store of Digikala, which has around 750,000 visitors per day and more than 2.3 million subscribers. Digikala is the most visited online store in the Middle East, and ranks 4th among the most visited websites in Iran.

question: When did the Internet arrive in Iran? 

answer: 1993

question: What percentage of Iran's population were internet users in 2014? 

answer: around 40%

question: What is Iran's most popular online social network? 

answer: Instagram

question: What percentage of cloud-based instant messaging platform Telegram's users are from Iran?  

answer: Over 80%

question: What site is responsible for around 90% of Iran's online e-commerce? 

answer: Digikala
Title: Iran
Context: Iranian cuisine is diverse due to its variety of ethnic groups and the influence of other cultures. Herbs are frequently used along with fruits such as plums, pomegranates, quince, prunes, apricots, and raisins. Iranians usually eat plain yogurt with lunch and dinner; it is a staple of the diet in Iran. To achieve a balanced taste, characteristic flavourings such as saffron, dried limes, cinnamon, and parsley are mixed delicately and used in some special dishes. Onions and garlic are normally used in the preparation of the accompanying course, but are also served separately during meals, either in raw or pickled form. Iran is also famous for its caviar.

question: In Iranian cuisine, what is habitually used with fruits?  

answer: Herbs

question: Iranians usually eat what diet staple with lunch and dinner? 

answer: plain yogurt

question: What delicacy is Iran famous for? 

answer: caviar

question: Why is Iranian cuisine so diverse besides being influenced by other cultures? 

answer: its variety of ethnic groups
Title: Iran
Context: Other non-governmental estimations regarding the groups other than the Persians and Azerbaijanis roughly congruate with the World Factbook and the Library of Congress. However, many scholarly and organisational estimations regarding the number of these two groups differ significantly from the mentioned census. According to many of them, the number of ethnic Azerbaijanis in Iran comprises between 21.6–30% of the total population, with the majority holding it on 25%.cd In any case, the largest population of Azerbaijanis in the world live in Iran.

question: Iran has the highest population of what group in the world? 

answer: Azerbaijanis

question: What is the percentage range of Iran's total population is seemingly comprised of Azerbaijanis? 

answer: between 21.6–30%

question: What is the majority of organizational estimations of Azerbaijanis' percentage of Iran's population? 

answer: 25%
Title: Iran
Context: Iran has leading manufacturing industries in the fields of car-manufacture and transportation, construction materials, home appliances, food and agricultural goods, armaments, pharmaceuticals, information technology, power and petrochemicals in the Middle East. According to FAO, Iran has been a top five producer of the following agricultural products in the world in 2012: apricots, cherries, sour cherries, cucumbers and gherkins, dates, eggplants, figs, pistachios, quinces, walnuts, and watermelons.

question: What melon is Iran a Top 5 producer in the world in 2012? 

answer: watermelons

question: What type of materials is Iran a leading manufacturer of in the Middle East? 

answer: construction materials

question: What type of chemicals is Iran a leading manufacturer of in the Middle East? 

answer: petrochemicals

question: How many agricultural products in 2012 was Iran a top 5 producer in the world? Answer: 12 

answer: apricots, cherries, sour cherries, cucumbers and gherkins, dates, eggplants, figs, pistachios, quinces, walnuts, and watermelons.

question: What type of appliances is Iran a leading manufacturer of in the Middle East? 

answer: home appliances