praj-17/QA-MCQ-Open-ended huggingface dataset:
Title: Nanjing
Context: Nanjing has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) and is under the influence of the East Asian monsoon. The four seasons are distinct, with damp conditions seen throughout the year, very hot and muggy summers, cold, damp winters, and in between, spring and autumn are of reasonable length. Along with Chongqing and Wuhan, Nanjing is traditionally referred to as one of the "Three Furnacelike Cities" along the Yangtze River (长江流域三大火炉) for the perennially high temperatures in the summertime. However, the time from mid-June to the end of July is the plum blossom blooming season in which the meiyu (rainy season of East Asia; literally "plum rain") occurs, during which the city experiences a period of mild rain as well as dampness. Typhoons are uncommon but possible in the late stages of summer and early part of autumn. The annual mean temperature is around 15.46 °C (59.8 °F), with the monthly 24-hour average temperature ranging from 2.4 °C (36.3 °F) in January to 27.8 °C (82.0 °F) in July. Extremes since 1951 have ranged from −14.0 °C (7 °F) on 6 January 1955 to 40.7 °C (105 °F) on 22 August 1959. On average precipitation falls 115 days out of the year, and the average annual rainfall is 1,062 millimetres (42 in). With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 37 percent in March to 52 percent in August, the city receives 1,983 hours of bright sunshine annually.

question: What type of climate does Nanjing enjoy? 

answer: a humid subtropical climate

question: What monsoon affects Nanjing? 

answer: the East Asian monsoon

question: Nanjing is one of three "Furnacelike" cities. What are the other two cities? 

answer: Chongqing and Wuhan

question: How many days of rain does Nanjing get a year, on average? 

answer: 115 days

question: How many hours of bright sunshine does Nanjing get each year? 

answer: 1,983 hours
Title: Nanjing
Context: Nanjing is endowed with rich natural resources, which include more than 40 kinds of minerals. Among them, iron and sulfur reserves make up 40 percent of those of Jiangsu province. Its reserves of strontium rank first in East Asia and the South East Asia region. Nanjing also possesses abundant water resources, both from the Yangtze River and groundwater. In addition, it has several natural hot springs such as Tangshan Hot Spring in Jiangning and Tangquan Hot Spring in Pukou.

question: How many types of minerals are found in Nanjing? 

answer: 40

question: Which minerals comprise 40 percent of those in the province? 

answer: iron and sulfur

question: For what mineral reserve does Nanjing rank first in both East Asia and the South East Asia areas? 

answer: strontium

question: What are Nanjing's main water sources? 

answer: the Yangtze River and groundwater

question: What hot spring is in Jiangning? 

answer: Tangshan Hot Spring
Title: Nanjing
Context: Surrounded by the Yangtze River and mountains, Nanjing also enjoys beautiful natural scenery. Natural lakes such as Xuanwu Lake and Mochou Lake are located in the centre of the city and are easily accessible to the public, while hills like Purple Mountain are covered with evergreens and oaks and host various historical and cultural sites. Sun Quan relocated his capital to Nanjing after Liu Bei's suggestion as Liu Bei was impressed by Nanjing's impeccable geographic position when negotiating an alliance with Sun Quan. Sun Quan then renamed the city from Moling (秣陵) to Jianye (建鄴) shortly thereafter.

question: What lakes are in the middle of Nanjing? 

answer: Xuanwu Lake and Mochou Lake

question: What type of trees are on Purple Mountain? 

answer: evergreens and oaks

question: Who convinced Sun Quan to make Nanjing his capital? 

answer: Liu Bei

question: What impressed Liu Bei so much about Nanjing? 

answer: Nanjing's impeccable geographic position

question: What is Nanjing surrounded by? 

answer: the Yangtze River and mountains
Title: Nanjing
Context: A dense wave of smog began in the Central and Eastern part of China on 2 December 2013 across a distance of around 1,200 kilometres (750 mi), including Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Shanghai and Zhejiang. A lack of cold air flow, combined with slow-moving air masses carrying industrial emissions, collected airborne pollutants to form a thick layer of smog over the region. The heavy smog heavily polluted central and southern Jiangsu Province, especially in and around Nanjing, with its AQI pollution Index at "severely polluted" for five straight days and "heavily polluted" for nine. On 3 December 2013, levels of PM2.5 particulate matter average over 943 micrograms per cubic metre, falling to over 338 micrograms per cubic metre on 4 December 2013. Between 3:00 pm, 3 December and 2:00pm, 4 December local time, several expressways from Nanjing to other Jiangsu cities were closed, stranding dozens of passenger buses in Zhongyangmen bus station. From 5 to 6 December, Nanjing issued a red alert for air pollution and closed down all kindergarten through middle schools. Children's Hospital outpatient services increased by 33 percent; general incidence of bronchitis, pneumonia, upper respiratory tract infections significantly increased. The smog dissipated 12 December. Officials blamed the dense pollution on lack of wind, automobile exhaust emissions under low air pressure, and coal-powered district heating system in North China region. Prevailing winds blew low-hanging air masses of factory emissions (mostly SO2) towards China's east coast.

question: When did a thick wave of smog first appear in Central and Eastern China? 

answer: 2 December 2013

question: How long was Nanjing ranked as "severely polluted" during this wave? 

answer: five straight days

question: On what days did Nanjing have to issue a Red Alert because of the severe air pollution? 

answer: From 5 to 6 December
Title: Nanjing
Context: At present, the full name of the government of Nanjing is "People's Government of Nanjing City" and the city is under the one-party rule of the CPC, with the CPC Nanjing Committee Secretary as the de facto governor of the city and the mayor as the executive head of the government working under the secretary.

question: What is the full name for Nanjing's government? 

answer: "People's Government of Nanjing City"

question: How many parties rule Nanjing? 

answer: one-party

question: What party rules Nanjing? 

answer: the CPC

question: Who is considered to be the governor of Nanjing? 

answer: the CPC Nanjing Committee Secretary

question: who is the executive leader of Nanjing, working under the secretary? 

answer: the mayor
Title: Nanjing
Context: According to the Sixth China Census, the total population of the City of Nanjing reached 8.005 million in 2010. The statistics in 2011 estimated the total population to be 8.11 million. The birth rate was 8.86 percent and the death rate was 6.88 percent. The urban area had a population of 6.47 million people. The sex ratio of the city population was 107.31 males to 100 females.

question: What was the population of Nanjing in 2010? 

answer: 8.005 million

question: What was the estimated population of Nanjing in 2011? 

answer: 8.11 million

question: How was the population figure for 2010 obtained? 

answer: the Sixth China Census

question: What was Nanjing's birth rate? 

answer: 8.86 percent

question: How many people were considered to be living in the urban portion of Nanjing? 

answer: 6.47 million
Title: Nanjing
Context: As in most of eastern China the ethnic makeup of Nanjing is predominantly Han nationality (98.56 percent), with 50 other minority nationalities. In 1999, 77,394 residents belonged to minority nationalities, among which the vast majority (64,832) were Hui nationalities, contributing 83.76 percent to the minority population. The second and third largest minority groups were Manchu (2,311) and Zhuang (533) nationalities. Most of the minority nationalities resided in Jianye District, comprising 9.13 percent of the district's population.

question: What is the overwhelming ethnic majority in Nanjing? 

answer: Han nationality

question: What minority nationality is most common? 

answer: Hui nationalities

question: What is the second most common minority group in Nanjing? 

answer: Manchu

question: How many people of Manchu descent live in Nanjing? 

answer: 2,311

question: How many minority nationality types does Nanjing contain? 

answer: 50
Title: Nanjing
Context: Since the Three Kingdoms period, Nanjing has been an industrial centre for textiles and minting owing to its strategic geographical location and convenient transportation. During the Ming dynasty, Nanjing's industry was further expanded, and the city became one of the most prosperous cities in China and the world. It led in textiles, minting, printing, shipbuilding and many other industries, and was the busiest business center in East Asia. Textiles boomed particularly in Qing dynasty, the industry created around 200 thousand jobs and there were about 50 thousand satin machines in the city in 18th and 19th century.

question: In addition to textiles, what other industry is Nanjing known for, since the Three Kingdoms period? 

answer: minting

question: Why is Nanjing so strong in textiles and minting? 

answer: its strategic geographical location and convenient transportation

question: During what dynasty was Nanjing the biggest business center in all of East Asia? 

answer: Ming

question: In what dynasty were textiles particularly popular? 

answer: Qing

question: During the textile boom, how many jobs were created? 

answer: around 200 thousand jobs
Title: Nanjing
Context: Into the first half of the twentieth century after the establishment of ROC, Nanjing gradually shifted from being a production hub towards being a heavy consumption city, mainly because of the rapid expansion of its wealthy population after Nanjing once again regained the political spotlight of China. A number of huge department stores such as Zhongyang Shangchang sprouted up, attracting merchants from all over China to sell their products in Nanjing. In 1933, the revenue generated by the food and entertainment industry in the city exceeded the sum of the output of the manufacturing and agriculture industry. One third of the city population worked in the service industry, .

question: In what time period did Nanjing transform from a producer to more of a consumer city? 

answer: Into the first half of the twentieth century

question: What mostly caused the shift to a consumer city? 

answer: the rapid expansion of its wealthy population

question: What is Zhongyang Shangchang? 

answer: huge department stores

question: In what year did the revenue of food and entertainment eclipse the output of industry? 

answer: 1933

question: How much of the population worked in a service capacity at that time? 

answer: One third of the city population
Title: Nanjing
Context: In the 1950s after PRC was established by CPC, the government invested heavily in the city to build a series of state-owned heavy industries, as part of the national plan of rapid industrialization, converting it into a heavy industry production centre of East China. Overenthusiastic in building a “world-class” industrial city, the government also made many disastrous mistakes during development, such as spending hundreds of millions of yuan to mine for non-existent coal, resulting in negative economic growth in the late 1960s. From 1960s to 1980s there were Five Pillar Industries, namely, electronics, cars, petrochemical, iron and steel, and power, each with big state-owned firms. After the Reform and Opening recovering market economy, the state-owned enterprises found themselves incapable of competing with efficient multinational firms and local private firms, hence were either mired in heavy debt or forced into bankruptcy or privatization and this resulted in large numbers of layoff workers who were technically not unemployed but effectively jobless.

question: What did the government build in Nanjing during the 1950's? 

answer: a series of state-owned heavy industries

question: The mistakes the government made during this period resulted in what type of growth? 

answer: negative economic growth

question: How many Pillar industries were there from the 1960s to the 1980s? 

answer: Five

question: The inability to compete with multinational firms led to what for workers? 

answer: large numbers of layoff

question: The government wanted Nanjing to be what kind of industrial city? 

answer: “world-class”
Title: Nanjing
Context: The current economy of the city is basically newly developed based on the past. Service industries are dominating, accounting for about 60 percent of the GDP of the city, and financial industry, culture industry and tourism industry are top 3 of them. Industries of information technology, energy saving and environmental protection, new energy, smart power grid and intelligent equipment manufacturing have become pillar industries. Big private firms include Suning, Yurun, Sanpower, Fuzhong, Hiteker, 5stars, Jinpu, Tiandi, CTTQ Pharmaceutical and Simcere Pharmaceutical. Big state-owned firms include Panda Electronics, Yangzi Petrochemical, Jinling Petrochemical, Nanjing Chemical, Nanjing Steel, Jincheng Motors, Jinling Pharmaceutical, Chenguang and NARI. The city has also attracted foreign investment, multinational firms such as Siemens, Ericsson, Volkswagen, Iveco, A.O. Smith, and Sharp have established their lines, and a number of multinationals such as Ford, IBM, Lucent, Samsung and SAP established research center there. Many China-based leading firms such as Huawei, ZTE and Lenovo have key R & D institutes in the city. Nanjing is an industrial technology research and development hub, hosting many R & D centers and institutions, especially in areas of electronics technology, information technology, computer software, biotechnology and pharmaceutical technology and new material technology.

question: What type of industries are now dominant in Nanjing? 

answer: Service industries

question: How much of the city's GDP do the service industries contribute to? 

answer: about 60 percent

question: Companies such as Huawei, ZTE and Lenovo have built what in Nanjing? 

answer: many R & D centers and institutions

question: Companies such as Ford, IBM, Lucent, Samsung and SAP have built what in Nanjing? 

answer: research center

question: The top 3 industries in Nanjing are? 

answer: financial industry, culture industry and tourism industry
Title: Nanjing
Context: In recent years, Nanjing has been developing its economy, commerce, industry, as well as city construction. In 2013 the city's GDP was RMB 801 billion (3rd in Jiangsu), and GDP per capita(current price) was RMB 98,174(US$16041), a 11 percent increase from 2012. The average urban resident's disposable income was RMB 36,200, while the average rural resident's net income was RMB 14,513. The registered urban unemployment rate was 3.02 percent, lower than the national average (4.3 percent). Nanjing's Gross Domestic Product ranked 12th in 2013 in China, and its overall competence ranked 6th in mainland and 8th including Taiwan and Hong Kong in 2009.

question: What was Nanjing's GDP in 2013? 

answer: RMB 801 billion

question: What was Nanjing's GDP per person in 2013? 

answer: RMB 98,174(US$16041)

question: Was the GDP in 2013 an increase or decrease over 2012's levels? 

answer: increase

question: How was Nanjing's unemployment rate, compared to the nation as a whole? 

answer: lower than the national average

question: What was Nanjing's GDP ranking in all of China for 2013? 

answer: 12th
Title: Nanjing
Context: Nanjing is the transportation hub in eastern China and the downstream Yangtze River area. Different means of transportation constitute a three-dimensional transport system that includes land, water and air. As in most other Chinese cities, public transportation is the dominant mode of travel of the majority of the citizens. As of October 2014, Nanjing had five bridges and two tunnels over the Yangtze River, which are tying districts north of the river with the city centre on the south bank.

question: What are the three types of transport in Nanjing? 

answer: land, water and air

question: What is the most popular method of travel for citizens? 

answer: public transportation

question: How many bridges does Nanjing have over the Yangtze River? 

answer: five

question: How many tunnels does Nanjing have over the Yangtze River? 

answer: two

question: Where is the city centre located? 

answer: on the south bank
Title: Nanjing
Context: Nanjing is an important railway hub in eastern China. It serves as rail junction for the Beijing-Shanghai (Jinghu) (which is itself composed of the old Jinpu and Huning Railways), Nanjing–Tongling Railway (Ningtong), Nanjing–Qidong (Ningqi), and the Nanjing-Xian (Ningxi) which encompasses the Hefei–Nanjing Railway. Nanjing is connected to the national high-speed railway network by Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway and Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu Passenger Dedicated Line, with several more high-speed rail lines under construction.

question: Nanjing's railway is important, and is located in what region of China? 

answer: eastern China

question: What line does Nanjing serve as a railway junction for? 

answer: Beijing-Shanghai (Jinghu)

question: What lines comprise the Beijing-Shanghai (Jinghu) line? 

answer: the old Jinpu and Huning Railways

question: What high-speed railway is Nanjing connected to that contains Shanghai? 

answer: Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu Passenger Dedicated Line

question: What type of railway lines are now under construction? 

answer: several more high-speed rail lines
Title: Nanjing
Context: Among all 17 railway stations in Nanjing, passenger rail service is mainly provided by Nanjing Railway Station and Nanjing South Railway Station, while other stations like Nanjing West Railway Station, Zhonghuamen Railway Station and Xianlin Railway Station serve minor roles. Nanjing Railway Station was first built in 1968. In 1999, On November 12, 1999, the station was burnt in a serious fire. Reconstruction of the station was finished on September 1, 2005. Nanjing South Railway Station, which is one of the 5 hub stations on Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway, has officially been claimed as the largest railway station in Asia and the second largest in the world in terms of GFA (Gross Floor Area). Construction of Nanjing South Station began on 10 January 2008. The station was opened for public service in 2011.

question: How many railway stations are there in Nanjing? 

answer: 17

question: Which are the two most prominent railway stations? 

answer: Nanjing Railway Station and Nanjing South Railway Station

question: When was the Nanjing Railway Station originally constructed? 

answer: 1968

question: In what year was the Nanjing Railway Station re-built? 

answer: 2005

question: Which station is one of the 5 hub stations on the Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway line? 

answer: Nanjing South Railway Station
Title: Nanjing
Context: Express highways such as Hu–Ning, Ning–He, Ning–Hang enable commuters to travel to Shanghai, Hefei, Hangzhou, and other important cities quickly and conveniently. Inside the city of Nanjing, there are 230 km (140 mi) of highways, with a highway coverage density of 3.38 kilometres per hundred square kilometrs (5.44 mi/100 sq mi). The total road coverage density of the city is 112.56 kilometres per hundred square kilometres (181.15 mi/100 sq mi). The two artery roads in Nanjing are Zhongshan Road and Hanzhong. The two roads cross in the city centre, Xinjiekou.

question: What type of highways let commuters get to cities fast? 

answer: Express highways

question: How many miles of highways are in Nanjing? 

answer: 140 mi

question: What are the names of the artery roads in Nanjing? 

answer: Zhongshan Road and Hanzhong

question: Zhongshan Road and Hanzhong cross each other in what area of Nanjing? 

answer: in the city centre, Xinjiekou

question: What is the total coverage of the city with roads, in miles? 

answer: 181.15 mi/100 sq mi
Title: Nanjing
Context: The city also boasts an efficient network of public transportation, which mainly consists of bus, taxi and metro systems. The bus network, which is currently run by three companies since 2011, provides more than 370 routes covering all parts of the city and suburban areas. Nanjing Metro Line 1, started service on September 3, 2005, with 16 stations and a length of 21.72 km. Line 2 and the 24.5 km-long south extension of Line 1 officially opened to passenger service on May 28, 2010. At present, Nanjing has a metro system with a grand total of 223.6 kilometers (138.9 mi) of route and 121 stations. They are Line 1, Line 2, Line 3, Line 10, Line S1 and Line S8. The city is planning to complete a 17-line Metro and light-rail system by 2030. The expansion of the Metro network will greatly facilitate the intracity transportation and reduce the currently heavy traffic congestion.

question: What are the main types of public transportation? 

answer: bus, taxi and metro systems

question: How many companies are involved with the network of buses? 

answer: three companies

question: How many stations are there in total in the Nanjing metro system? 

answer: 121 stations

question: When does Nanjing expect to finish it's light rail line? 

answer: 2030

question: How many bus routes are there in Nanjing? 

answer: more than 370 routes
Title: Nanjing
Context: Nanjing's airport, Lukou International Airport, serves both national and international flights. In 2013, Nanjing airport handled 15,011,792 passengers and 255,788.6 tonnes of freight. The airport currently has 85 routes to national and international destinations, which include Japan, Korea, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, USA and Germany. The airport is connected by a 29-kilometre (18 mi) highway directly to the city center, and is also linked to various intercity highways, making it accessible to the passengers from the surrounding cities. A railway Ninggao Intercity Line is being built to link the airport with Nanjing South Railway Station. Lukou Airport was opened on 28 June 1997, replacing Nanjing Dajiaochang Airport as the main airport serving Nanjing. Dajiaochang Airport is still used as a military air base.

question: What is Nanjing's airport called? 

answer: Lukou International Airport

question: How many routes does Nanjing's airport run? 

answer: 85 routes

question: How many passengers did the airport service in 2013? 

answer: 15,011,792 passengers

question: When did the airport open for business? 

answer: 28 June 1997

question: What airport was the primary airport before Lukou? 

answer: Nanjing Dajiaochang Airport
Title: Nanjing
Context: Port of Nanjing is the largest inland port in China, with annual cargo tonnage reached 191,970,000 t in 2012. The port area is 98 kilometres (61 mi) in length and has 64 berths including 16 berths for ships with a tonnage of more than 10,000. Nanjing is also the biggest container port along the Yangtze River; in March 2004, the one million container-capacity base, Longtan Containers Port Area opened, further consolidating Nanjing as the leading port in the region. As of 2010, it operated six public ports and three industrial ports.

question: What is the largest inland port for China? 

answer: Port of Nanjing

question: How long is the Port of Nanjing? 

answer: 98 kilometres (61 mi) in length

question: How many berths does the Port contain? 

answer: 64

question: When did Longtan Containers Port Area open up? 

answer: March 2004

question: How many containers can Longtan Containers Port Area handle? 

answer: one million container-capacity