praj-17/QA-MCQ-Open-ended huggingface dataset:
Title: Bern
Context: The etymology of the name Bern is uncertain. According to the local legend, based on folk etymology, Berchtold V, Duke of Zähringen, the founder of the city of Bern, vowed to name the city after the first animal he met on the hunt, and this turned out to be a bear. It has long been considered likely that the city was named after the Italian city of Verona, which at the time was known as Bern in Middle High German. As a result of the find of the Bern zinc tablet in the 1980s, it is now more common to assume that the city was named after a pre-existing toponym of Celtic origin, possibly *berna "cleft". The bear was the heraldic animal of the seal and coat of arms of Bern from at least the 1220s. The earliest reference to the keeping of live bears in the Bärengraben dates to the 1440s.

question: Who was the founder of the city of Bern? 

answer: Berchtold V, Duke of Zähringen

question: What animal does legend say Bern is named after? 

answer: a bear

question: What is the earliest reference to keeping live bears in the Bärengraben? 

answer: the 1440s

question: What is the common assumption of what Bern was named after? 

answer: a pre-existing toponym of Celtic origin, possibly *berna "cleft"

question: Finding what in the 1980s changed the assumption as to what the city was named after? 

answer: the Bern zinc tablet

question: What animal is on the seal and coat of arms of Bern? 

answer: bear

question: What live animals did they keep in the Bärengraben? 

answer: bears

question: What is the earliest that they kept live bears in the Bärengraben? 

answer: 1440s.
Title: Bern
Context: No archaeological evidence that indicates a settlement on the site of today′s city centre prior to the 12th century has been found so far. In antiquity, a Celtic oppidum stood on the Engehalbinsel (peninsula) north of Bern, fortified since the 2nd century BC (late La Tène period), thought to be one of the twelve oppida of the Helvetii mentioned by Caesar. During the Roman era, there was a Gallo-Roman vicus on the same site. The Bern zinc tablet has the name Brenodor ("dwelling of Breno"). In the Early Middle Ages, there was a settlement in Bümpliz, now a city district of Bern, some 4 km (2 mi) from the medieval city.

question: When was the earliest evidnce of settlement in the city centre? 

answer: 12th century

question: What era was there a Gallo-Roman vicus on the same site? 

answer: Roman era

question: What is the name of the Bern zinc tablet? 

answer: Brenodor

question: When was the settlement in Bumpliz close to the medieval city? 

answer: Early Middle Ages
Title: Bern
Context: The medieval city is a foundation of the Zähringer ruling family, which rose to power in Upper Burgundy in the 12th century. According to 14th century historiography (Cronica de Berno, 1309), Bern was founded in 1191 by Berthold V, Duke of Zähringen.

question: The medieval city is a foundation of what family? 

answer: Zähringer

question: When did the Zahringer ruling family rise to power? 

answer: 12th century

question: Where did the Zahringer ruling family rise to power? 

answer: Upper Burgundy

question: What year was Bern founded? 

answer: 1191

question: Who founded Bern? 

answer: Berthold V, Duke of Zähringen
Title: Bern
Context: In 1353 Bern joined the Swiss Confederacy, becoming one of the eight cantons of the formative period of 1353 to 1481. Bern invaded and conquered Aargau in 1415 and Vaud in 1536, as well as other smaller territories; thereby becoming the largest city-state north of the Alps, by the 18th century comprising most of what is today the canton of Bern and the canton of Vaud.

question: what year did Bern join the Swiss Confederacy? 

answer: 1353

question: How many cantons were there between 1353 to 1481? 

answer: 8

question: What year did Bern invade Aargau? 

answer: 1415

question: What is the largest city-state north of the Alps? 

answer: Bern
Title: Bern
Context: The city grew out towards the west of the boundaries of the peninsula formed by the River Aare. The Zytglogge tower marked the western boundary of the city from 1191 until 1256, when the Käfigturm took over this role until 1345. It was, in turn, succeeded by the Christoffelturm (formerly located close to the site of the modern-day railway station) until 1622. During the time of the Thirty Years' War, two new fortifications – the so-called big and small Schanze (entrenchment) – were built to protect the whole area of the peninsula.

question: What river was the city near? 

answer: River Aare

question: What was the name of the tower that was the western boundary? 

answer: Zytglogge

question: What tower took over after Zytglogge? 

answer: Käfigturm

question: What did the big and small Schanze protect? 

answer: the whole area of the peninsula
Title: Bern
Context: After a major blaze in 1405, the city's original wooden buildings were gradually replaced by half-timbered houses and subsequently the sandstone buildings which came to be characteristic for the Old Town. Despite the waves of pestilence that hit Europe in the 14th century, the city continued to grow: mainly due to immigration from the surrounding countryside.

question: What year was there a huge fire? 

answer: 1405

question: What was destroyed in the fire? 

answer: the city's original wooden buildings
Title: Bern
Context: Bern was occupied by French troops in 1798 during the French Revolutionary Wars, when it was stripped of parts of its territories. It regained control of the Bernese Oberland in 1802, and following the Congress of Vienna of 1814, it newly acquired the Bernese Jura. At this time, it once again became the largest canton of the confederacy as it stood during the Restoration and until the secession of the canton of Jura in 1979. Bern was made the Federal City (seat of the Federal Assembly) within the new Swiss federal state in 1848.

question: What year was Bern occupied by French troops? 

answer: 1798

question: Why were French troops in Bern? 

answer: French Revolutionary Wars

question: When did Bern regain control of Bernese Oberland? 

answer: 1802

question: What new territory was aquired in 1814? 

answer: Bernese Jura.

question: When did the canton of Jura seceed? 

answer: 1979
Title: Bern
Context: A number of congresses of the socialist First and Second Internationals were held in Bern, particularly during World War I when Switzerland was neutral; see Bern International.

question: What congresses were held in Bern? 

answer: First and Second Internationals

question: In World War I, what side was Switzerland on? 

answer: Switzerland was neutral
Title: Bern
Context: The city's population rose from about 5,000 in the 15th century to about 12,000 by 1800 and to above 60,000 by 1900, passing the 100,000 mark during the 1920s. Population peaked during the 1960s at 165,000, and has since decreased slightly, to below 130,000 by 2000. As of October 2015, the resident population stood at 140,634, of which 100,634 were Swiss citizens and 40,000 (30%) resident foreigners. A further estimated 350,000 people live in the immediate urban agglomeration.

question: What percent of the populatin of Bern resident foreigners? 

answer: 30%
Title: Bern
Context: Bern lies on the Swiss plateau in the Canton of Bern, slightly west of the centre of Switzerland and 20 km (12 mi) north of the Bernese Alps. The countryside around Bern was formed by glaciers during the most recent Ice Age. The two mountains closest to Bern are Gurten with a height of 864 m (2,835 ft) and Bantiger with a height of 947 m (3,107 ft). The site of the old observatory in Bern is the point of origin of the CH1903 coordinate system at 46°57′08.66″N 7°26′22.50″E﻿ / ﻿46.9524056°N 7.4395833°E﻿ / 46.9524056; 7.4395833.

question: Where is Bern located? 

answer: the Swiss plateau in the Canton of Bern

question: What helped form the Bern countryside? 

answer: glaciers

question: What is the tallest mountain closests to Bern? 

answer: Bantiger
Title: Bern
Context: The city was originally built on a hilly peninsula surrounded by the River Aare, but outgrew natural boundaries by the 19th century. A number of bridges have been built to allow the city to expand beyond the Aare.

question: What peninsula is Bern located on? 

answer: Aare

question: What was built to help Bern grow bigger than the peninula? 

answer: bridges

question: What century did Bern outgrow the peninsula? 

answer: 19th century
Title: Bern
Context: Bern is built on very uneven ground. There is an elevation difference of several metres between the inner city districts on the Aare (Matte, Marzili) and the higher ones (Kirchenfeld, Länggasse).

question: What type of ground was Bern built on? 

answer: uneven ground.

question: What is the elevation difference between the inner cities and the other cities? 

answer: several metres

question: Which city is higher, Matte or Langgasse? 

answer: Länggasse
Title: Bern
Context: Bern has an area, as of 2009[update], of 51.62 square kilometers (19.93 sq mi). Of this area, 9.79 square kilometers (3.78 sq mi) or 19.0% is used for agricultural purposes, while 17.33 square kilometers (6.69 sq mi) or 33.6% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 23.25 square kilometers (8.98 sq mi) or 45.0% is settled (buildings or roads), 1.06 square kilometers (0.41 sq mi) or 2.1% is either rivers or lakes and 0.16 square kilometers (0.062 sq mi) or 0.3% is unproductive land.

question: What is 33.6% of the land in Bern? 

answer: forested

question: When was the last time the area of Bern was measured? 

answer: 2009
Title: Bern
Context: The City Council (Gemeinderat) constitutes the executive government of the City of Bern and operates as a collegiate authority. It is composed of five councilors (German: Gemeinderat/-rätin), each presiding over a directorate (Direktion) comprising several departments and bureaus. The president of the executive department acts as mayor (Stadtpräsident). In the mandate period 2013–2016 (Legislatur) the City Council is presided by Stadtpräsident Alexander Tschäppät. Departmental tasks, coordination measures and implementation of laws decreed by the City Parliament are carried by the City Council. The regular election of the City Council by any inhabitant valid to vote is held every four years. Any resident of Bern allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the City Council. The delegates are selected by means of a system of Majorz. The mayor is elected as such as well by public election while the heads of the other directorates are assigned by the collegiate. The executive body holds its meetings in the Erlacherhof, built by architect Albrecht Stürler after 1747.

question: How does the government of Bern operate? 

answer: as a collegiate authority.

question: How many councilors are there? 

answer: five

question: Who is Bern's mayor, or Stadtprasident? 

answer: Alexander Tschäppät

question: How after are the elections? 

answer: every four years.

question: Where is the executive body held? 

answer: in the Erlacherhof
Title: Bern
Context: As of 2015, Bern's City Council is made up of two representatives of the SP (Social Democratic Party, of whom one is also the mayor), and one each of CVP (Christian Democratic Party), GB (Green Alliance of Berne), and FDP (FDP.The Liberals), giving the left parties a majority of three out of five seats. The last election was held on 25 November 2012.

question: Who has the majority of the seats in Bern's City Council? 

answer: left parties

question: What party also had the mayor as of 2015? 

answer: Social Democratic Party

question: What is the Christian Democratic Party also known as? 

answer: CVP
Title: Bern
Context: The City Parliament (de: Stadtrat, fr: Conseil de ville) holds legislative power. It is made up of 80 members, with elections held every four years. The City Parliament decrees regulations and by-laws that are executed by the City Council and the administration. The delegates are selected by means of a system of proportional representation.

question: Who holds the legislative power? 

answer: The City Parliament

question: How many members are part of the City Parliament? 

answer: 80

question: How often are elections held for the City Parliament? 

answer: every four years.
Title: Bern
Context: The sessions of the City Parliament are public. Unlike members of the City Council, members of the City Parliament are not politicians by profession, and they are paid a fee based on their attendance. Any resident of Bern allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the City Parliament. The parliament holds its meetings in the Stadthaus (Town Hall).

question: Are the sessions of City Parliament private or public? 

answer: public
Title: Bern
Context: The last regular election of the City Parliament was held on 25 November 2012 for the mandate period (German: Legislatur, French: la législature) from 2013 to 2016. Currently the City Parliament consist of 23 members of the Social Democratic Party (SP/PS), 11 Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC), 8 Green Alliance of Berne (GB), 8 Grüne Freie Liste (GFL) (Green Free List), 7 The Liberals (FDP/PLR), 7 Conservative Democratic Party (BDP/PBD), 7 Green Liberal Party (GLP/PVL), 2 Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP/PDC), 2 Evangelical People's Party (EVP/PEV), 1 Junge Alternative (JA!) (or Young Alternatives), 1 Grüne Partei Bern - Demokratische Alternative (GPB-DA) (or Green Party Bern - Democratic Alternative), 1 Swiss Party of Labour (PdA), 1 Alternative Linke Bern (AL) and finally one independent. The following parties combine their parliamentary power in parliamentary groups (German: Fraktion(en)): Independent and AL and GPB-DA and PdA (4), SP (23), GB and JA! (9), GFL and EVP (10), GLP (7), BDP and CVP (9), FDP (7), and SVP (11). This gives the left parties an absolute majority of 46 seats.

question: Which party has the absolute majority of the seats? 

answer: left parties

question: How many seats are there? 

answer: 46

question: Which specific party has the most members in the City Parliament? 

answer: Social Democratic Party
Title: Bern
Context: Bern has a population of 140,634 people and 34% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the 10 years between 2000 and 2010, the population changed at a rate of 0.6%. Migration accounted for 1.3%, while births and deaths accounted for −2.1%.

question: What is the population of Bern? 

answer: 140,634

question: What percent of the population are resident foreign nationals? 

answer: 34%

question: What was the population change from 2000 and 2010? 

answer: .6%

question: What counted for more of the population change? 

answer: births and deaths
Title: Bern
Context: Most of the population (as of 2000[update]) speaks German (104,465 or 81.2%) as their first language, Italian is the second most common (5,062 or 3.9%) and French is the third (4,671 or 3.6%). There are 171 people who speak Romansh.

question: What is the main lanuage of Bern? 

answer: German

question: What is the second most common language? 

answer: Italian

question: What percent of the population speaks German? 

answer: 81.2%
Title: Bern
Context: The city council of the city of Bern decided against having twinned cities except for a temporary (during the UEFA Euro 2008) cooperation with the Austrian city Salzburg

question: What did the city decide again? 

answer: having twinned cities

question: When did they have a temporary twinned city? 

answer: during the UEFA Euro 2008

question: What was the twinning city with Bern in 2008? 

answer: Salzburg

question: What country is Salzburg in? 

answer: Austrian
Title: Bern
Context: As of 2008[update], the population was 47.5% male and 52.5% female. The population was made up of 44,032 Swiss men (35.4% of the population) and 15,092 (12.1%) non-Swiss men. There were 51,531 Swiss women (41.4%) and 13,726 (11.0%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 39,008 or about 30.3% were born in Bern and lived there in 2000. There were 27,573 or 21.4% who were born in the same canton, while 25,818 or 20.1% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 27,812 or 21.6% were born outside of Switzerland.

question: How many Swiss men live in Bern? 

answer: 35.4%

question: What percent of the population is born somewhere else in Switzerland? 

answer: 20.1%

question: What percent were born outside of Switzerland? 

answer: 21.6%
Title: Bern
Context: As of 2000[update], children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 15.1% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 65% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 19.9%.

question: What percent of the population are 19 years old and under? 

answer: 15.1%

question: What percent of the population are between 20-64? 

answer: 65%

question: What percent of the population are over 64 years old? 

answer: 19.9%

question: What age group has most of the population included? 

answer: adults
Title: Bern
Context: As of 2000[update], there were 59,948 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 49,873 married individuals, 9,345 widows or widowers and 9,468 individuals who are divorced.

question: How many people were single in Bern in 2000? 

answer: 59,948

question: How many people were married in Bern in 2000? 

answer: 49,873

question: How many people were widows or widowers in Bern in 2000? 

answer: 9,468

question: Where there more married or single people in Bern in 2000? 

answer: single
Title: Bern
Context: As of 2000[update], there were 67,115 private households in the municipality, and an average of 1.8 persons per household. There were 34,981 households that consist of only one person and 1,592 households with five or more people. In 2000[update], a total of 65,538 apartments (90.6% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 5,352 apartments (7.4%) were seasonally occupied and 1,444 apartments (2.0%) were empty. As of 2009[update], the construction rate of new housing units was 1.2 new units per 1000 residents.

question: What is the average of people per household in Bern? 

answer: 1.8 persons

question: How many households have 5 or more people living in them? 

answer: 1,592

question: What percentage of the apartment homes in Bern were occupied in 2000? 

answer: 90.6%

question: What percent of apartments are seasonal apartments? 

answer: 7.4%
Title: Bern
Context: As of 2003[update] the average price to rent an average apartment in Bern was 1108.92 Swiss francs (CHF) per month (US$890, £500, €710 approx. exchange rate from 2003). The average rate for a one-room apartment was 619.82 CHF (US$500, £280, €400), a two-room apartment was about 879.36 CHF (US$700, £400, €560), a three-room apartment was about 1040.54 CHF (US$830, £470, €670) and a six or more room apartment cost an average of 2094.80 CHF (US$1680, £940, €1340). The average apartment price in Bern was 99.4% of the national average of 1116 CHF. The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2010[update], was 0.45%.

question: What was the average price to rent an average apartment in Bern? 

answer: 1108.92 Swiss francs

question: What was the vacancy rate for Bern in 2010? 

answer: .45%
Title: Bern
Context: From the 2000 census[update], 60,455 or 47.0% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church, while 31,510 or 24.5% were Roman Catholic. Of the rest of the population, there were 1,874 members of an Orthodox church (or about 1.46% of the population), there were 229 persons (or about 0.18% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 5,531 persons (or about 4.30% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 324 persons (or about 0.25% of the population) who were Jewish, and 4,907 (or about 3.81% of the population) who were Muslim. There were 629 persons who were Buddhist, 1,430 persons who were Hindu and 177 persons who belonged to another church. 16,363 (or about 12.72% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 7,855 persons (or about 6.11% of the population) did not answer the question. On 14 December 2014 the Haus der Religionen was inaugurated.

question: What percent of the population were Roman Catholic? 

answer: 24.5%

question: How much of the population is Jewish in Bern? 

answer: .25%

question: How many muslims were there in Bern in 2000? 

answer: 4,907

question: How much of the population had no religion? 

answer: 12.72%
Title: Bern
Context: The structure of Bern's city centre is largely medieval and has been recognised by UNESCO as a Cultural World Heritage Site. Perhaps its most famous sight is the Zytglogge (Bernese German for "Time Bell"), an elaborate medieval clock tower with moving puppets. It also has an impressive 15th century Gothic cathedral, the Münster, and a 15th-century town hall. Thanks to 6 kilometres (4 miles) of arcades, the old town boasts one of the longest covered shopping promenades in Europe.

question: The structure of Bern's city centre is mainly what type of buildings? 

answer: medieval

question: What does UNESCO recognised Bern's city center to be? 

answer: a Cultural World Heritage Site

question: What is Berns most famous site? 

answer: Zytglogge

question: What is the name of the 15th century cathedral? 

answer: Münster

question: What type of cathedral is Muster? 

answer: Gothic
Title: Bern
Context: Since the 16th century, the city has had a bear pit, the Bärengraben, at the far end of the Nydeggbrücke to house its heraldic animals. The currently four bears are now kept in an open-air enclosure nearby, and two other young bears, a present by the Russian president, are kept in Dählhölzli zoo.

question: What is the Barengraben? 

answer: a bear pit

question: Where is the Barengraben located? 

answer: the far end of the Nydeggbrücke

question: What are held at the Barengraben? 

answer: heraldic animals

question: Who gave Bern their bears? 

answer: the Russian president

question: What zoo are the bears of Bern kept? 

answer: Dählhölzli zoo
Title: Bern
Context: The Federal Palace (Bundeshaus), built from 1857 to 1902, which houses the national parliament, government and part of the federal administration, can also be visited.

question: Where is the national parliment housed? 

answer: The Federal Palace

question: What is the Federal Palace called? 

answer: Bundeshaus
Title: Bern
Context: Albert Einstein lived in a flat at the Kramgasse 49, the site of the Einsteinhaus, from 1903 to 1905, the year in which the Annus Mirabilis Papers were published.

question: Where is Albert Einstein live? 

answer: the Kramgasse 49

question: What was published the same years? 

answer: Annus Mirabilis Papers

question: What is the flat that Einstein called? 

answer: Einsteinhaus
Title: Bern
Context: The Rose Garden (Rosengarten), from which a scenic panoramic view of the medieval town centre can be enjoyed, is a well-kept Rosarium on a hill, converted into a park from a former cemetery in 1913.

question: What is the Rose Garden also known as? 

answer: Rosengarten

question: What can you see from the Rose Garden? 

answer: view of the medieval town centre

question: What was the Rosarium converted into? 

answer: a park

question: What year was the Rosarium converted? 

answer: 1913
Title: Bern
Context: There are eleven Renaissance allegorical statues on public fountains in the Old Town. Nearly all the 16th century fountains, except the Zähringer fountain which was created by Hans Hiltbrand, are the work of the Fribourg master Hans Gieng. One of the more interesting fountains is the Kindlifresserbrunnen (Bernese German: Child Eater Fountain but often translated Ogre Fountain) which is claimed to represent a Jew, the Greek god Chronos or a Fastnacht figure that scares disobedient children.

question: Where are the statues at in the Old Town? 

answer: public fountains

question: Who does the Kindlifresserbrunnen scare? 

answer: disobedient children.

question: Who created all the statues except the Zahringer fountain? 

answer: Hans Hiltbrand