praj-17/QA-MCQ-Open-ended huggingface dataset:
Title: Late_Middle_Ages
Context: Music was an important part of both secular and spiritual culture, and in the universities it made up part of the quadrivium of the liberal arts. From the early 13th century, the dominant sacred musical form had been the motet; a composition with text in several parts. From the 1330s and onwards, emerged the polyphonic style, which was a more complex fusion of independent voices. Polyphony had been common in the secular music of the Provençal troubadours. Many of these had fallen victim to the 13th-century Albigensian Crusade, but their influence reached the papal court at Avignon.

question: What style of sacred musical form emerged in the 1330s? 

answer: polyphonic

question: Polyphony was common in the secular music of which French region? 

answer: Provençal

question: What is the term for the four subjects that comprised the liberal arts in medieval universities? 

answer: the quadrivium

question: What was the dominant sacred musical form in the early 13th century? 

answer: the motet
Title: Late_Middle_Ages
Context: The main representatives of the new style, often referred to as ars nova as opposed to the ars antiqua, were the composers Philippe de Vitry and Guillaume de Machaut. In Italy, where the Provençal troubadours had also found refuge, the corresponding period goes under the name of trecento, and the leading composers were Giovanni da Cascia, Jacopo da Bologna and Francesco Landini. Prominent reformer of Orthodox Church music from the first half of 14th century was John Kukuzelis; he also introduced a system of notation widely used in the Balkans in the following centuries.

question: Who introduced a system of musical notation used in the Balkans in the 14th century? 

answer: John Kukuzelis

question: What was the name of the new musical style introduced in the Late Middle Ages? 

answer: ars nova

question: Which musical style did ars nova replace in the 14th century? 

answer: ars antiqua

question: Who were the leading composers of the trecento period? 

answer: Giovanni da Cascia, Jacopo da Bologna and Francesco Landini

question: Kukuzelis reformed the music of which religion? 

answer: Orthodox Church
Title: Late_Middle_Ages
Context: Morality plays emerged as a distinct dramatic form around 1400 and flourished until 1550. The most interesting morality play is The Castle of Perseverance which depicts mankind's progress from birth to death. However, the most famous morality play and perhaps best known medieval drama is Everyman. Everyman receives Death's summons, struggles to escape and finally resigns himself to necessity. Along the way, he is deserted by Kindred, Goods, and Fellowship - only Good Deeds goes with him to the grave.

question: What is the most famous morality play from the medieval period? 

answer: Everyman

question: Which dramatic form was created around 1400? 

answer: Morality plays

question: What goes to the grave with Everyman in the morality play? 

answer: Good Deeds

question: Which morality play depicted mankind's progress from birth to death? 

answer: The Castle of Perseverance

question: In the morality play, who summoned Everyman? 

answer: Death
Title: Late_Middle_Ages
Context: At the end of the Late Middle Ages, professional actors began to appear in England and Europe. Richard III and Henry VII both maintained small companies of professional actors. Their plays were performed in the Great Hall of a nobleman's residence, often with a raised platform at one end for the audience and a "screen" at the other for the actors. Also important were Mummers' plays, performed during the Christmas season, and court masques. These masques were especially popular during the reign of Henry VIII who had a House of Revels built and an Office of Revels established in 1545.

question: Which Late Middle Age English kings kept their own troupes of professional actors? 

answer: Richard III and Henry VII

question: Who performed the seasonal Christmas plays? 

answer: Mummers

question: In what year did Henry VIII establish an Office of Revels? 

answer: 1545

question: What did Henry VIII build in 1545 for the benefit of the theatrical arts? 

answer: House of Revels

question: In what part of a nobleman's house were plays performed? 

answer: the Great Hall
Title: Late_Middle_Ages
Context: The end of medieval drama came about due to a number of factors, including the weakening power of the Catholic Church, the Protestant Reformation and the banning of religious plays in many countries. Elizabeth I forbid all religious plays in 1558 and the great cycle plays had been silenced by the 1580s. Similarly, religious plays were banned in the Netherlands in 1539, the Papal States in 1547 and in Paris in 1548. The abandonment of these plays destroyed the international theatre that had thereto existed and forced each country to develop its own form of drama. It also allowed dramatists to turn to secular subjects and the reviving interest in Greek and Roman theatre provided them with the perfect opportunity.

question: What was banned that led to the demise of medieval drama? 

answer: religious plays

question: In what year did Elizabeth I ban religious plays? 

answer: 1558

question: In what year were religious plays banned in the Netherlands? 

answer: 1539

question: What types of subjects did dramatists turn to when religious plays were banned? 

answer: secular

question: Where were religious plays banned in 1548? 

answer: Paris
Title: Late_Middle_Ages
Context: After the end of the late Middle Ages period, the Renaissance would spread unevenly over continental Europe from the southern European region. The intellectual transformation of the Renaissance is viewed as a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern era. Europeans would later begin an era of world discovery. Combined with the influx of classical ideas was the invention of printing which facilitated dissemination of the printed word and democratized learning. These two things would lead to the Protestant Reformation. Europeans also discovered new trading routes, as was the case with Columbus’s travel to the Americas in 1492, and Vasco da Gama’s circumnavigation of Africa and India in 1498. Their discoveries strengthened the economy and power of European nations.

question: Along with the invention of printing, and the associated dissemination of the printed word, what other factor is believed to have led to the Protestant Reformation? 

answer: democratized learning

question: Which continents did Vasco da Gama circumnavigate in 1498? 

answer: Africa and India

question: What effect did the discoveries of Columbus and da Gama have on European nations? 

answer: strengthened the economy and power

question: What historical era is viewed as a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern Era? 

answer: the Renaissance

question: What was discovered as the result of both Columbus' and da Gama's voyages? 

answer: new trading routes
Title: Late_Middle_Ages
Context: At the end of the 15th century the Ottoman Empire advanced all over Southeastern Europe, eventually conquering the Byzantine Empire and extending control over the Balkan states. Hungary was the last bastion of the Latin Christian world in the East, and fought to keep its rule over a period of two centuries. After the tragic death of the young king Vladislaus I of Hungary during the Battle of Varna in 1444 against the Ottomans, the Kingdom was placed in the hands of count John Hunyadi, who became Hungary's regent-governor (1446–1453). Hunyadi was considered one of the most relevant military figures of the 15th century: Pope Pius II awarded him the title of Athleta Christi or Champion of Christ for being the only hope of resisting the Ottomans from advancing to Central and Western Europe.

question: Which empire completed its conquest of the Byzantines at the end of the 15th century? 

answer: Ottoman

question: In what year did the Battle of Varna take place? 

answer: 1444

question: Which Hungarian ruler was killed at the Battle of Varna? 

answer: Vladislaus I

question: Who was appointed regent-governor of the Kingdom of Hungary in 1446? 

answer: count John Hunyadi

question: Who gave the title of Champion of Christ to John Hyundai? 

answer: Pope Pius II
Title: Late_Middle_Ages
Context: Hunyadi succeeded during the Siege of Belgrade in 1456 against the Ottomans, the biggest victory against that empire in decades. This battle became a real Crusade against the Muslims, as the peasants were motivated by the Franciscan monk Saint John of Capistrano, who came from Italy predicating Holy War. The effect that it created in that time was one of the main factors that helped in achieving the victory. However the premature death of the Hungarian Lord left Pannonia defenseless and in chaos. In an extremely unusual event for the Middle Ages, Hunyadi's son, Matthias, was elected as King of Hungary by the nobility. For the first time, a member of an aristocratic family (and not from a royal family) was crowned.

question: Which Franciscan monk motivated the peasants to fight against Muslims at the Siege of Belgrade? 

answer: Saint John of Capistrano

question: In what year was the Siege of Belgrade fought? 

answer: 1456

question: Who did the Hungarian nobility elect as King of Hungary? 

answer: Matthias

question: Which country did Saint Francis of Capistrano come from? 

answer: Italy

question: When John Hunyadi died, which province was left in chaos? 

answer: Pannonia
Title: Late_Middle_Ages
Context: King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary (1458–1490) was one of the most prominent figures of the period, directing campaigns to the West, conquering Bohemia in answer to the Pope's call for help against the Hussite Protestants. Also, in resolving political hostilities with the German emperor Frederick III of Habsburg, he invaded his western domains. Matthew organized the Black Army of mercenary soldiers; it was considered as the biggest army of its time. Using this powerful tool, the Hungarian king led wars against the Turkish armies and stopped the Ottomans during his reign. After the death of Matthew, and with end of the Black Army, the Ottoman Empire grew in strength and Central Europe was defenseless. At the Battle of Mohács, the forces of the Ottoman Empire annihilated the Hungarian army and Louis II of Hungary drowned in the Csele Creek while trying to escape. The leader of the Hungarian army, Pál Tomori, also died in the battle. This is considered to be one of the final battles of Medieval times.

question: How did Louis II of Hungary die? 

answer: drowned in the Csele Creek while trying to escape

question: Who was the leader of the Hungarian army at the Battle of Mohács? 

answer: Pál Tomori

question: In what years did Matthias Corvinus reign as King of Hungary? 

answer: 1458–1490

question: Who did Matthias defeat to conquer Bohemia? 

answer: Hussite Protestants

question: Who opposed the Hungarian army at the Battle of Mohács? 

answer: the forces of the Ottoman Empire
Title: Late_Middle_Ages
Context: The changes brought about by these developments have led many scholars to view this period as the end of the Middle Ages and beginning of modern history and early modern Europe. However, the division is somewhat artificial, since ancient learning was never entirely absent from European society. As a result there was developmental continuity between the ancient age (via classical antiquity) and the modern age. Some historians, particularly in Italy, prefer not to speak of the late Middle Ages at all, but rather see the high period of the Middle Ages transitioning to the Renaissance and the modern era.

question: Historians from what country in particular do not refer to the Late Middle Ages? 

answer: Italy

question: What provided developmental continuity between the ancient and modern ages? 

answer: classical antiquity

question: What period do Italian historians believe came immediately after the High Period of the Middle Ages? 

answer: the Renaissance

question: What do many scholars regard the Late Middle Ages as the beginning of? 

answer: modern history and early modern Europe
Title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan
Context: Ann Arbor was founded in 1824, named for wives of the village's founders and the stands of Bur Oak trees. The University of Michigan moved from Detroit to Ann Arbor in 1837, and the city grew at a rapid rate in the early to mid-20th century. During the 1960s and 1970s, the city gained a reputation as a center for left-wing politics. Ann Arbor became a focal point for political activism and served as a hub for the civil-rights movement and anti-Vietnam War movement, as well as various student movements.

question: When was Ann Arbor founded? 

answer: 1824

question: Which University moved from Detroit to Ann Arbor in 1837? 

answer: University of Michigan

question: During  the 1960's & 70's, Ann Arbor gained a reputation for what? 

answer: center for left-wing politics

question: Which type of tree is associated with the city Ann Arbor's name? 

answer: Bur Oak
Title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan
Context: Ann Arbor was founded in 1824 by land speculators John Allen and Elisha Walker Rumsey. On 25 May 1824, the town plat was registered with Wayne County as "Annarbour;" this represents the earliest known use of the town's name. Allen and Rumsey decided to name it for their wives, both named Ann, and for the stands of Bur Oak in the 640 acres (260 ha) of land they purchased for $800 from the federal government at $1.25 per acre. The local Ojibwa named the settlement kaw-goosh-kaw-nick, after the sound of Allen's sawmill.

question: Who founded Ann Arbor? 

answer: John Allen and Elisha Walker Rumsey

question: What was the profession of the founders of Ann arbor? 

answer: land speculators

question: Which tribe named the settlement as kaw-goosh-kaw-nick? 

answer: Ojibwa

question: For how much money did the founders purchase the land from the federal government? 

answer: $800

question: What were the names of the founders wives? 

answer: Ann
Title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan
Context: Since the university's establishment in the city in 1837, the histories of the University of Michigan and Ann Arbor have been closely linked. The town became a regional transportation hub in 1839 with the arrival of the Michigan Central Railroad, and a north—south railway connecting Ann Arbor to Toledo and other markets to the south was established in 1878. Throughout the 1840s and the 1850s settlers continued to come to Ann Arbor. While the earlier settlers were primarily of British ancestry, the newer settlers also consisted of Germans, Irish, and African-Americans. In 1851, Ann Arbor was chartered as a city, though the city showed a drop in population during the Depression of 1873. It was not until the early 1880s that Ann Arbor again saw robust growth, with new immigrants coming from Greece, Italy, Russia, and Poland. Ann Arbor saw increased growth in manufacturing, particularly in milling. Ann Arbor's Jewish community also grew after the turn of the 20th century, and its first and oldest synagogue, Beth Israel Congregation, was established in 1916.

question: Ann Arbor has been linked with which university? 

answer: University of Michigan

question: Which town became the regional transport hub in 1878? 

answer: Ann Arbor

question: Who were the early settlers of Ann Arbor? 

answer: British

question: In which year was Ann Arbor chartered as a city? 

answer: 1851

question: In 1916, what was the name of the Synagogue that was establish? 

answer: Beth Israel Congregation
Title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan
Context: During the 1960s and 1970s, the city gained a reputation as an important center for liberal politics. Ann Arbor also became a locus for left-wing activism and served as a hub for the civil-rights movement and anti-Vietnam War movement, as well as the student movement. The first major meetings of the national left-wing campus group Students for a Democratic Society took place in Ann Arbor in 1960; in 1965, the city was home to the first U.S. teach-in against the Vietnam War. During the ensuing 15 years, many countercultural and New Left enterprises sprang up and developed large constituencies within the city. These influences washed into municipal politics during the early and mid-1970s when three members of the Human Rights Party (HRP) won city council seats on the strength of the student vote. During their time on the council, HRP representatives fought for measures including pioneering antidiscrimination ordinances, measures decriminalizing marijuana possession, and a rent-control ordinance; many of these remain in effect in modified form. Alongside these liberal and left-wing efforts, a small group of conservative institutions were born in Ann Arbor. These include Word of God (established in 1967), a charismatic inter-denominational movement; and the Thomas More Law Center (established in 1999), a religious-conservative advocacy group.

question: When was the Thomas More Law center established? 

answer: 1999

question: What was the Thomas More law group? 

answer: a religious-conservative advocacy group

question: During the early & mid 70's, which party won the city council seats? 

answer: Human Rights Party
Title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan
Context: In the past several decades, Ann Arbor has grappled with the effects of sharply rising land values, gentrification, and urban sprawl stretching into outlying countryside. On 4 November 2003, voters approved a greenbelt plan under which the city government bought development rights on agricultural parcels of land adjacent to Ann Arbor to preserve them from sprawling development. Since then, a vociferous local debate has hinged on how and whether to accommodate and guide development within city limits. Ann Arbor consistently ranks in the "top places to live" lists published by various mainstream media outlets every year. In 2008, it was ranked by CNNMoney.com 27th out of 100 "America's best small cities". And in the year 2010, Forbes listed Ann Arbor as one of the most liveable cities in the United States of America.

question: Which magazine listed Ann Arbor as one of the most liveable cities in the USA? 

answer: Forbes

question: For the past few years, what effects has the city Ann Arbor grappled with? 

answer: sharply rising land values

question: What plan did the city voters approve in 2003? 

answer: greenbelt plan
Title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan
Context: According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 28.70 square miles (74.33 km2), of which, 27.83 square miles (72.08 km2) of it is land and 0.87 square miles (2.25 km2) is water, much of which is part of the Huron River. Ann Arbor is about 35 miles (56 km) west of Detroit. Ann Arbor Charter Township adjoins the city's north and east sides. Ann Arbor is situated on the Huron River in a productive agricultural and fruit-growing region. The landscape of Ann Arbor consists of hills and valleys, with the terrain becoming steeper near the Huron River. The elevation ranges from about 750 feet (230 m) along the Huron River to 1,015 feet (309 m) on the city's west side, near the intersection of Maple Road and Pauline Blvd. Generally, the west-central and northwestern parts of the city and U-M's North Campus are the highest parts of the city; the lowest parts are along the Huron River and in the southeast. Ann Arbor Municipal Airport, which is south of the city at 42°13.38′N 83°44.74′W﻿ / ﻿42.22300°N 83.74567°W﻿ / 42.22300; -83.74567, has an elevation of 839 feet (256 m).

question: On which river is the city of Ann Arbor situated? 

answer: Huron

question: What is the landscape of Ann Arbor like? 

answer: hills and valleys

question: What is the name of the city's airport? 

answer: Ann Arbor Municipal Airport
Title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan
Context: Ann Arbor's "Tree Town" nickname stems from the dense forestation of its parks and residential areas. The city contains more than 50,000 trees along its streets and an equal number in parks. In recent years, the emerald ash borer has destroyed many of the city's approximately 10,500 ash trees. The city contains 157 municipal parks ranging from small neighborhood green spots to large recreation areas. Several large city parks and a university park border sections of the Huron River. Fuller Recreation Area, near the University Hospital complex, contains sports fields, pedestrian and bike paths, and swimming pools. The Nichols Arboretum, owned by the University of Michigan, is a 123-acre (50 ha) arboretum that contains hundreds of plant and tree species. It is on the city's east side, near the university's Central Campus. Located across the Huron River just beyond the university's North Campus is the university's Matthaei Botanical Gardens, which contains 300 acres of gardens and a large tropical conservatory.

question: What is the city of Ann arbor nicknamed as? 

answer: Tree Town

question: How many parks are there in the city of Ann Arbor? 

answer: 157

question: What is the name of the Arboretum owned by the University of Michigan? 

answer: Nichols Arboretum

question: How big is the Matthaei botanical garden? 

answer: 300 acres
Title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan
Context: The Kerrytown Shops, Main Street Business District, the State Street Business District, and the South University Business District are commercial areas in downtown Ann Arbor. Three commercial areas south of downtown include the areas near I-94 and Ann Arbor-Saline Road, Briarwood Mall, and the South Industrial area. Other commercial areas include the Arborland/Washtenaw Avenue and Packard Road merchants on the east side, the Plymouth Road area in the northeast, and the Westgate/West Stadium areas on the west side. Downtown contains a mix of 19th- and early-20th-century structures and modern-style buildings, as well as a farmers' market in the Kerrytown district. The city's commercial districts are composed mostly of two- to four-story structures, although downtown and the area near Briarwood Mall contain a small number of high-rise buildings.

question: Which district has the farmers market in the city? 

answer: Kerrytown district

question: Which districts compose mostly of 2-4 story structures? 

answer: commercial districts

question: Which area in the city contains 19th&20th century as well as modern structures? 

answer: Downtown
Title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan
Context: Ann Arbor's residential neighborhoods contain architectural styles ranging from classic 19th-century and early-20th-century designs to ranch-style houses. Among these homes are a number of kit houses built in the early 20th century. Contemporary-style houses are farther from the downtown district. Surrounding the University of Michigan campus are houses and apartment complexes occupied primarily by student renters. Tower Plaza, a 26-story condominium building located between the University of Michigan campus and downtown, is the tallest building in Ann Arbor. The 19th-century buildings and streetscape of the Old West Side neighborhood have been preserved virtually intact; in 1972, the district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and it is further protected by city ordinances and a nonprofit preservation group.

question: Which century does the Kit houses belong to? 

answer: 20th century

question: Who primarily occupies the complexes surrounding the University? 

answer: student renters

question: Which is the tallest building in Ann Arbor? 

answer: Tower Plaza

question: When was the city listed on the National Register of historic Places? 

answer: 1972