praj-17/QA-MCQ-Open-ended huggingface dataset:
Title: Josip_Broz_Tito
Context: Josip Broz was born to a Croat father and Slovene mother in the village of Kumrovec, Croatia. Drafted into military service, he distinguished himself, becoming the youngest Sergeant Major in the Austro-Hungarian Army of that time. After being seriously wounded and captured by the Imperial Russians during World War I, Josip was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains. He participated in the October Revolution, and later joined a Red Guard unit in Omsk. Upon his return home, Broz found himself in the newly established Kingdom of Yugoslavia, where he joined the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (KPJ).

question: What ethnicity was Tito's mother? 

answer: Slovene

question: What ethnicity was Tito's father? 

answer: Croat

question: Who captured him during World War I? 

answer: the Imperial Russians

question: Tito joined which unit in Omsk? 

answer: Red Guard

question: What party in Yugoslavia did he join? 

answer: Communist Party
Title: Josip_Broz_Tito
Context: Tito was the chief architect of the second Yugoslavia, a socialist federation that lasted from 1943 to 1991–92. Despite being one of the founders of Cominform, soon he became the first Cominform member to defy Soviet hegemony and the only one to manage to leave Cominform and begin with its own socialist program. Tito was a backer of independent roads to socialism (sometimes referred to as "national communism"). In 1951 he implemented a self-management system that differentiated Yugoslavia from other socialist countries. A turn towards a model of market socialism brought economic expansion in the 1950s and 1960s and a decline during the 1970s. His internal policies included the suppression of nationalist sentiment and the promotion of the "brotherhood and unity" of the six Yugoslav nations. After Tito's death in 1980, tensions between the Yugoslav republics emerged and in 1991 the country disintegrated and went into a series of wars and unrest that lasted the rest of the decade, and which continue to impact most of the former Yugoslav republics. He remains a very controversial figure in the Balkans.

question: When did the second Yugoslavia start? 

answer: 1943

question: What group did Tito found? 

answer: Cominform

question: When did Tito implement a self-management system that differentiated Yugoslavia from other socialist coutnries? 

answer: 1951

question: When did Tito die? 

answer: 1980

question: When did Yugoslavia disintegrate? 

answer: 1991
Title: Josip_Broz_Tito
Context: Josip Broz was born on 7 May 1892 in Kumrovec, in the northern Croatian region of Hrvatsko Zagorje in Austria-Hungary.[nb 1] He was the seventh child of Franjo and Marija Broz. His father, Franjo Broz (26 November 1860 – 16 December 1936), was a Croat, while his mother Marija (25 March 1864 – 14 January 1918), was a Slovene. His parents were married on 21 January 1891. After spending part of his childhood years with his maternal grandfather Martin Javeršek in the Slovenian village of Podsreda, he entered primary school in 1900 at Kumrovec, he failed the 2nd grade and graduated in 1905. In 1907 he moved out of the rural environment and started working as a machinist's apprentice in Sisak. There, he became aware of the labour movement and celebrated 1 May – Labour Day for the first time. In 1910, he joined the union of metallurgy workers and at the same time the Social-Democratic Party of Croatia and Slavonia. Between 1911 and 1913, Broz worked for shorter periods in Kamnik (1911–1912, factory "Titan"), Cenkov, Munich and Mannheim, where he worked for the Benz car factory; then he went to Wiener Neustadt, Austria, and worked as a test driver for Daimler.

question: Where was Josip Broz born? 

answer: Kumrovec

question: In what year was Broz born? 

answer: 1892

question: What ethnicity was Broz's father? 

answer: Croat

question: What ethnicity was Broz's mother? 

answer: Slovene

question: What grade did he fail? 

answer: 2nd
Title: Josip_Broz_Tito
Context: In the autumn of 1913, he was conscripted into the Austro-Hungarian Army. He was sent to a school for non-commissioned officers and became a sergeant, serving in the 25th Croatian Regiment based in Zagreb. In May 1914, Broz won a silver medal at an army fencing competition in Budapest. At the outbreak of World War I in 1914, he was sent to Ruma, where he was arrested for anti-war propaganda and imprisoned in the Petrovaradin fortress. In January 1915, he was sent to the Eastern Front in Galicia to fight against Russia. He distinguished himself as a capable soldier, becoming the youngest Sergeant Major in the Austro-Hungarian Army. For his bravery in the face of the enemy, he was recommended for the Silver Bravery Medal but was taken prisoner of war before it could be formally presented. On 25 March 1915, while in Bukovina, he was seriously wounded and captured by the Russians.

question: When was he conscripted into the army? 

answer: 1913

question: What position in the army did he become after office school? 

answer: sergeant

question: What competition did he win a silver medal in? 

answer: fencing

question: For what crime was he arrested? 

answer: anti-war propaganda

question: Where was Tito serioiusly wounded and captured by the Russians at? 

answer: Bukovina
Title: Josip_Broz_Tito
Context: After 13 months at the hospital, Broz was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains where prisoners selected him for their camp leader. In February 1917, revolting workers broke into the prison and freed the prisoners. Broz subsequently joined a Bolshevik group. In April 1917, he was arrested again but managed to escape and participate in the July Days demonstrations in Petrograd (St. Petersburg) on 16–17 July 1917. On his way to Finland, Broz was caught and imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress for three weeks. He was again sent to Kungur, but escaped from the train. He hid with a Russian family in Omsk, Siberia where he met his future wife Pelagija Belousova. After the October Revolution, he joined a Red Guard unit in Omsk. Following a White counteroffensive, he fled to Kirgiziya and subsequently returned to Omsk, where he married Belousova. In the spring of 1918, he joined the Yugoslav section of the Russian Communist Party. By June of the same year, Broz left Omsk to find work and support his family, and was employed as a mechanic near Omsk for a year.

question: How long was Broz in the hospital? 

answer: 13 months

question: Where was Broz's work camp? 

answer: Ural Mountains

question: What position was he selected for at work camp? 

answer: camp leader

question: Where did Broz flee to after a White counteroffensive? 

answer: Kirgiziya

question: Where did Broz marry Belousova? 

answer: Omsk
Title: Josip_Broz_Tito
Context: In January 1920, Tito and his wife made a long and difficult journey home to Yugoslavia where he arrived in September. Upon his return, Broz joined the Communist Party of Yugoslavia. The CPY's influence on the political life of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was growing rapidly. In the 1920 elections the Communists won 59 seats in the parliament and became the third strongest party. Winning numerous local elections, they gained a stronghold in the second largest city of Zagreb, electing Svetozar Delić for mayor. After the assassination of Milorad Drašković, the Yugoslav Minister of the Interior, by a young communist on 2 August 1921, the CPY was declared illegal under the Yugoslav State Security Act of 1921. During 1920 and 1921 all Communist-won mandates were nullified. Broz continued his work underground despite pressure on Communists from the government. As 1921 began he moved to Veliko Trojstvo near Bjelovar and found work as a machinist. In 1925, Broz moved to Kraljevica where he started working at a shipyard. He was elected as a union leader and a year later he led a shipyard strike. He was fired and moved to Belgrade, where he worked in a train coach factory in Smederevska Palanka. He was elected as Workers' Commissary but was fired as soon as his CPY membership was revealed. Broz then moved to Zagreb, where he was appointed secretary of Metal Workers' Union of Croatia. In 1928, he became the Zagreb Branch Secretary of the CPY. In the same year he was arrested, tried in court for his illegal communist activities, and sent to jail. During his five years at Lepoglava prison he met Moša Pijade, who became his ideological mentor. After his release, he lived incognito and assumed numerous noms de guerre, among them "Walter" and "Tito".

question: How many seats did the Communists win in 1920 Yugoslavia? 

answer: 59

question: Who was elected mayor of Zagreb after the Communists won 59 parliamentary seats? 

answer: Svetozar Delić

question: Where did Broz move in 1921? 

answer: Veliko Trojstvo

question: How long was he in prison at Lepoglava for? 

answer: five years

question: Who became his ideological mentor in prison? 

answer: Moša Pijade,
Title: Josip_Broz_Tito
Context: In 1934 the Zagreb Provincial Committee sent Tito to Vienna where all the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia had sought refuge. He was appointed to the Committee and started to appoint allies to him, among them Edvard Kardelj, Milovan Đilas, Aleksandar Ranković and Boris Kidrič. In 1935, Tito travelled to the Soviet Union, working for a year in the Balkans section of Comintern. He was a member of the Soviet Communist Party and the Soviet secret police (NKVD). Tito was also involved in recruiting for the Dimitrov Battalion, a group of volunteers serving in the Spanish Civil War. In 1936, the Comintern sent "Comrade Walter" (i.e. Tito) back to Yugoslavia to purge the Communist Party there. In 1937, Stalin had the Secretary-General of the CPY, Milan Gorkić, murdered in Moscow. Subsequently Tito was appointed Secretary-General of the still-outlawed CPY.

question: When was Tito sent to Vienna? 

answer: 1934

question: Who did Stalin have murdered in 1937? 

answer: Milan Gorkić

question: Where was the Secretary-General of the CPY murdered? 

answer: Moscow

question: Who became Secretary-General of the CPY after the prior one was murdered? 

answer: Tito

question: Who is known as "Comrade Walter"? 

answer: Tito
Title: Josip_Broz_Tito
Context: On 6 April 1941, German forces, with Hungarian and Italian assistance, launched an invasion of Yugoslavia. On 10 April 1941, Slavko Kvaternik proclaimed the Independent State of Croatia, and Tito responded by forming a Military Committee within the Central Committee of the Yugoslav Communist Party. Attacked from all sides, the armed forces of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia quickly crumbled. On 17 April 1941, after King Peter II and other members of the government fled the country, the remaining representatives of the government and military met with the German officials in Belgrade. They quickly agreed to end military resistance. On 1 May 1941, Tito issued a pamphlet calling on the people to unite in a battle against the occupation. On 27 June 1941, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia appointed Tito Commander in Chief of all project national liberation military forces. On 1 July 1941, the Comintern sent precise instructions calling for immediate action.

question: When did German forces launch an invasion of Yugoslavia? 

answer: 6 April 1941

question: Which king fled the country in 1941? 

answer: King Peter II

question: What did Tito use to get the people to unit in a battle against the occupation in 1941? 

answer: pamphlet

question: What position was Tito appointed to in 1941 by the Central Committee? 

answer: Chief of all project national liberation military forces.

question: In 1941, where did representatives of the government and military meet with German officials? 

answer: Belgrade
Title: Josip_Broz_Tito
Context: Despite conflicts with the rival monarchic Chetnik movement, Tito's Partisans succeeded in liberating territory, notably the "Republic of Užice". During this period, Tito held talks with Chetnik leader Draža Mihailović on 19 September and 27 October 1941. It is said that Tito ordered his forces to assist escaping Jews, and that more than 2,000 Jews fought directly for Tito.

question: Who succeeded in liberating territory despite conflicts? 

answer: Partisans

question: Who did the Partisans have conflicts with? 

answer: Chetnik movement

question: Which Chetnik leader did Tito hold talks with? 

answer: Draža Mihailović

question: Which group did Tito order his forces to assist? 

answer: escaping Jews,

question: 2000 of what group fought directly for Tito? 

answer: Jews
Title: Josip_Broz_Tito
Context: On 21 December 1941, the Partisans created the First Proletarian Brigade (commanded by Koča Popović) and on 1 March 1942, Tito created the Second Proletarian Brigade. In liberated territories, the Partisans organised People's Committees to act as civilian government. The Anti-Fascist Council of National Liberation of Yugoslavia (AVNOJ) convened in Bihać on 26–27 November 1942 and in Jajce on 29 November 1943. In the two sessions, the resistance representatives established the basis for post-war organisation of the country, deciding on a federation of the Yugoslav nations. In Jajce, a 67-member "presidency" was elected and established a nine-member National Committee of Liberation (five communist members) as a de facto provisional government. Tito was named President of the National Committee of Liberation.

question: When did the Partisans create the First Proletarian Brigade? 

answer: 1941

question: When did Tito create the Second Proletarian Brigade? 

answer: 1942

question: What position was Tito named to for the National Committee of LIberation? 

answer: President

question: Where was the 67-member "presidency" located? 

answer: Jajce

question: How many members were in the "presidency" in Jajce? 

answer: 67
Title: Josip_Broz_Tito
Context: With the growing possibility of an Allied invasion in the Balkans, the Axis began to divert more resources to the destruction of the Partisans main force and its high command. This meant, among other things, a concerted German effort to capture Josip Broz Tito personally. On 25 May 1944, he managed to evade the Germans after the Raid on Drvar (Operation Rösselsprung), an airborne assault outside his Drvar headquarters in Bosnia.

question: Who diverted resources to the destruction of the Partisans? 

answer: Axis

question: Who was the opponent of the Allies? 

answer: Axis

question: Which group of people wanted to capture Tito personally? 

answer: German

question: In 1944 where did Tito manage to avoid the Germans? 

answer: Drvar

question: What type of assault was there in Bosnia? 

answer: airborne
Title: Josip_Broz_Tito
Context: After the Partisans managed to endure and avoid these intense Axis attacks between January and June 1943, and the extent of Chetnik collaboration became evident, Allied leaders switched their support from Draža Mihailović to Tito. King Peter II, American President Franklin Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill joined Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin in officially recognising Tito and the Partisans at the Tehran Conference. This resulted in Allied aid being parachuted behind Axis lines to assist the Partisans. On 17 June 1944 on the Dalmatian island of Vis, the Treaty of Vis (Viški sporazum) was signed in an attempt to merge Tito's government (the AVNOJ) with the government in exile of King Peter II. The Balkan Air Force was formed in June 1944 to control operations that were mainly aimed at aiding his forces.

question: Who was attacking the Partisans in 1943? 

answer: Axis

question: From whom did Allied leaders switch their support from to Tito? 

answer: Draža Mihailović

question: Who was the Soviet Premier who recognized Tito? 

answer: Stalin

question: At what event was Tito recognized by Stalin? 

answer: Tehran Conference

question: When was the Balkan air force formed? 

answer: 1944
Title: Josip_Broz_Tito
Context: In the first post war years Tito was widely considered a communist leader very loyal to Moscow, indeed, he was often viewed as second only to Stalin in the Eastern Bloc. In fact, Stalin and Tito had an uneasy alliance from the start, with Stalin considering Tito too independent.

question: Who was Tito considered loyal to? 

answer: Moscow

question: Who was Tito considered second to in the Eastern bloc? 

answer: Stalin

question: With whom did Tito have an uneasy alliance form the start? 

answer: Stalin

question: Who considered Tito too independent? 

answer: Stalin

question: Who was considered loyal to Moscow? 

answer: Tito
Title: Josip_Broz_Tito
Context: On 12 September 1944, King Peter II called on all Yugoslavs to come together under Tito's leadership and stated that those who did not were "traitors", by which time Tito was recognized by all Allied authorities (including the government-in-exile) as the Prime Minister of Yugoslavia, in addition to commander-in-chief of the Yugoslav forces. On 28 September 1944, the Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS) reported that Tito signed an agreement with the Soviet Union allowing "temporary entry" of Soviet troops into Yugoslav territory which allowed the Red Army to assist in operations in the northeastern areas of Yugoslavia. With their strategic right flank secured by the Allied advance, the Partisans prepared and executed a massive general offensive which succeeded in breaking through German lines and forcing a retreat beyond Yugoslav borders. After the Partisan victory and the end of hostilities in Europe, all external forces were ordered off Yugoslav territory.

question: In 1944 who called on all Yuboslavs to come together under Tito's leadership? 

answer: King Peter II

question: With whom did Tito sign an agreement on September 28 1944? 

answer: Soviet Union

question: Who were allowed "temporary entry" into Yugoslav territory? 

answer: Soviet troops

question: Who assisted in operations in ortheastern areas of Yugoslavia? 

answer: Red Army

question: Who executed a massive offensive and succeeded in breaking through German lines? 

answer: the Partisans
Title: Josip_Broz_Tito
Context: In the final days of World War II in Yugoslavia, units of the Partisans were responsible for atrocities after the repatriations of Bleiburg, and accusations of culpability were later raised at the Yugoslav leadership under Tito. At the time, Josip Broz Tito repeatedly issued calls for surrender to the retreating column, offering amnesty and attempting to avoid a disorderly surrender. On 14 May he dispatched a telegram to the supreme headquarters Slovene Partisan Army prohibiting "in the sternest language" the execution of prisoners of war and commanding the transfer of the possible suspects to a military court.

question: Who offered amnesty to the retreatig column?  

answer: Tito

question: Who dispatched a telegram to the supreme headquarters prohibiting the execution of prisoners of war? 

answer: Tito

question: In the final days of WWII in Yugoslavia, who were responsible for atrocities? 

answer: Partisans

question: What did Tito offer to the retreating column? 

answer: amnesty

question: Where were possible suspects transferred to? 

answer: military court.
Title: Josip_Broz_Tito
Context: On 7 March 1945, the provisional government of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia (Demokratska Federativna Jugoslavija, DFY) was assembled in Belgrade by Josip Broz Tito, while the provisional name allowed for either a republic or monarchy. This government was headed by Tito as provisional Yugoslav Prime Minister and included representatives from the royalist government-in-exile, among others Ivan Šubašić. In accordance with the agreement between resistance leaders and the government-in-exile, post-war elections were held to determine the form of government. In November 1945, Tito's pro-republican People's Front, led by the Communist Party of Yugoslavia, won the elections with an overwhelming majority, the vote having been boycotted by monarchists. During the period, Tito evidently enjoyed massive popular support due to being generally viewed by the populace as the liberator of Yugoslavia. The Yugoslav administration in the immediate post-war period managed to unite a country that had been severely affected by ultra-nationalist upheavals and war devastation, while successfully suppressing the nationalist sentiments of the various nations in favor of tolerance, and the common Yugoslav goal. After the overwhelming electoral victory, Tito was confirmed as the Prime Minister and the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the DFY. The country was soon renamed the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia (FPRY) (later finally renamed into Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, SFRY). On 29 November 1945, King Peter II was formally deposed by the Yugoslav Constituent Assembly. The Assembly drafted a new republican constitution soon afterwards.

question: Where was the provisional government of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia assembled? 

answer: Belgrade

question: When was the provisional government of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia assembled? 

answer: 7 March 1945

question: Who Where assembled the provisional government of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia? 

answer: Tito

question: Who was seen as the liberator of Yugoslavia? 

answer: Tito

question: Who was formally deposed by the Yugoslav Constitutent Assembly on November 29, 1945? 

answer: King Peter II
Title: Josip_Broz_Tito
Context: Yugoslavia organized the Yugoslav People's Army (Jugoslavenska narodna armija, or JNA) from the Partisan movement and became the fourth strongest army in Europe at the time. The State Security Administration (Uprava državne bezbednosti/sigurnosti/varnosti, UDBA) was also formed as the new secret police, along with a security agency, the Department of People's Security (Organ Zaštite Naroda (Armije), OZNA). Yugoslav intelligence was charged with imprisoning and bringing to trial large numbers of Nazi collaborators; controversially, this included Catholic clergymen due to the widespread involvement of Croatian Catholic clergy with the Ustaša regime. Draža Mihailović was found guilty of collaboration, high treason and war crimes and was subsequently executed by firing squad in July 1946.

question: What was formed as the new secret police? 

answer: The State Security Administration

question: Who was charged with brining to trial large numbers of Nazi collaborators? 

answer: Yugoslav intelligence

question: Who were controversial among those brought to trial for Nazi collaboration? 

answer: Catholic clergymen

question: Who was found guilty of collaboration, high treason? 

answer: Draža Mihailović

question: How was Draza executed? 

answer: firing squad