praj-17/QA-MCQ-Open-ended huggingface dataset:
Title: Poultry
Context: Both intensive and free-range farming have animal welfare concerns. In intensive systems, cannibalism, feather pecking and vent pecking can be common, with some farmers using beak trimming as a preventative measure. Diseases can also be common and spread rapidly through the flock. In extensive systems, the birds are exposed to adverse weather conditions and are vulnerable to predators and disease-carrying wild birds. Barn systems have been found to have the worst bird welfare. In Southeast Asia, a lack of disease control in free-range farming has been associated with outbreaks of avian influenza.

question: What are some of the major concerns with intensive breeding programs? 

answer: cannibalism, feather pecking and vent pecking can be common

question: What harsh measures do farmers use to prevent the chickens from harming themselves or others? 

answer: some farmers using beak trimming as a preventative measure

question: What are some of the major concerns with extensive breeding programs such as free range ? 

answer: the birds are exposed to adverse weather conditions and are vulnerable to predators and disease-carrying wild birds.

question: How is the spread of the avian flu related to the conditions in which chickens are kept? 

answer: In Southeast Asia, a lack of disease control in free-range farming has been associated with outbreaks of avian influenza.

question: What is considered the most alarming setting for chickens to be raised in? 

answer: Barn systems have been found to have the worst bird welfare.
Title: Poultry
Context: In many countries, national and regional poultry shows are held where enthusiasts exhibit their birds which are judged on certain phenotypical breed traits as specified by their respective breed standards. The idea of poultry exhibition may have originated after cockfighting was made illegal, as a way of maintaining a competitive element in poultry husbandry. Breed standards were drawn up for egg-laying, meat-type, and purely ornamental birds, aiming for uniformity. Sometimes, poultry shows are part of general livestock shows, and sometimes they are separate events such as the annual "National Championship Show" in the United Kingdom organised by the Poultry Club of Great Britain.

question: Is there a pplace where lovers of the chicken are able to see some of its best attributes ? 

answer: In many countries, national and regional poultry shows are held where enthusiasts exhibit their birds

question: In such competitions what are the chickens juged on? What attibutes are considered viable? 

answer: birds which are judged on certain phenotypical breed traits as specified by their respective breed standards

question: Are there breed standards used for the competitions? 

answer: Breed standards were drawn up for egg-laying, meat-type, and purely ornamental birds, aiming for uniformity

question: What are some of the most widely known poultry tournaments? 

answer: the annual "National Championship Show" in the United Kingdom organised by the Poultry Club of Great Britain.

question: From where does the idea of a poultry tournament orginate? 

answer: The idea of poultry exhibition may have originated after cockfighting was made illegal, as a way of maintaining a competitive element in poultry husbandry
Title: Poultry
Context: Poultry is the second most widely eaten type of meat in the world, accounting for about 30% of total meat production worldwide compared to pork at 38%. Sixteen billion birds are raised annually for consumption, more than half of these in industrialised, factory-like production units. Global broiler meat production rose to 84.6 million tonnes in 2013. The largest producers were the United States (20%), China (16.6%), Brazil (15.1%) and the European Union (11.3%). There are two distinct models of production; the European Union supply chain model seeks to supply products which can be traced back to the farm of origin. This model faces the increasing costs of implementing additional food safety requirements, welfare issues and environmental regulations. In contrast, the United States model turns the product into a commodity.

question: Jo w common is the consumtion of poultry in the world? 

answer: Poultry is the second most widely eaten type of meat in the world, accounting for about 30% of total meat production worldwide

question: How many animals of the poultry variety are raised for consumtion each year? 

answer: Sixteen billion birds are raised annually

question: What type of enviornment is poultry most commonly raised in? 

answer: more than half of these in industrialised, factory-like production units

question: How many industry models are followed for the production process of poultry? 

answer: There are two distinct models of production;

question: What is the Europeon model of the poultry business ? 

answer: the European Union supply chain model seeks to supply products which can be traced back to the farm of origin
Title: Poultry
Context: World production of duck meat was about 4.2 million tonnes in 2011 with China producing two thirds of the total, some 1.7 billion birds. Other notable duck-producing countries in the Far East include Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Myanmar, Indonesia and South Korea (12% in total). France (3.5%) is the largest producer in the West, followed by other EU nations (3%) and North America (1.7%). China was also by far the largest producer of goose and guinea fowl meat, with a 94% share of the 2.6 million tonne global market.

question: How many ducks did China produce for consumption in 2011? 

answer: China producing two thirds of the total, some 1.7 billion birds

question: What other countries are important to the duck husbandry business? 

answer: Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Myanmar, Indonesia and South Korea (12% in total)

question: Who is the largest producer of duck meat among the western nations? 

answer: France (3.5%) is the largest producer in the West,

question: What is the market percentage held by the country that controls the biggest share of the global market for goose and guinea fowl meat 

answer: 94% share
Title: Poultry
Context: Poultry is available fresh or frozen, as whole birds or as joints (cuts), bone-in or deboned, seasoned in various ways, raw or ready cooked. The meatiest parts of a bird are the flight muscles on its chest, called "breast" meat, and the walking muscles on the legs, called the "thigh" and "drumstick". The wings are also eaten (Buffalo wings are a popular example in the United States) and may be split into three segments, the meatier "drumette", the "wingette" (also called the "flat"), and the wing tip (also called the "flapper"). In Japan, the wing is frequently separated, and these parts are referred to as 手羽元 (teba-moto "wing base") and 手羽先 (teba-saki "wing tip").

question: What is the most substantial part of a birds antomy as it apples to consupmtion og the meat? 

answer: The meatiest parts of a bird are the flight muscles on its chest, called "breast" meat, and the walking muscles on the legs, called the "thigh" and "drumstick"

question: Are certain parts of the bird used for particular reasons in relation to receipes? 

answer: wings are also eaten (Buffalo wings are a popular example in the United States) and may be split into three segments,

question: Is poultry available in various forms? 

answer: fresh or frozen, as whole birds or as joints (cuts), bone-in or deboned, seasoned in various ways, raw or ready cooked.
Title: Poultry
Context: Dark meat, which avian myologists refer to as "red muscle", is used for sustained activity—chiefly walking, in the case of a chicken. The dark colour comes from the protein myoglobin, which plays a key role in oxygen uptake and storage within cells. White muscle, in contrast, is suitable only for short bursts of activity such as, for chickens, flying. Thus, the chicken's leg and thigh meat are dark, while its breast meat (which makes up the primary flight muscles) is white. Other birds with breast muscle more suitable for sustained flight, such as ducks and geese, have red muscle (and therefore dark meat) throughout. Some cuts of meat including poultry expose the microscopic regular structure of intracellular muscle fibrils which can diffract light and produce iridescent colours, an optical phenomenon sometimes called structural colouration.

question: Are there reasons for the dark meat  that poultry has? 

answer: The dark colour comes from the protein myoglobin, which plays a key role in oxygen uptake and storage within cells

question: What is the white meat of chicken actually used for by the animal ? 

answer: White muscle, in contrast, is suitable only for short bursts of activity such as, for chickens, flying

question: What causes the meat of some poultry to show rainbow like colr striations? 

answer: the microscopic regular structure of intracellular muscle fibrils which can diffract light and produce iridescent colours

question: Do some varities of  poultry have more dark meat than others? 

answer: birds with breast muscle more suitable for sustained flight, such as ducks and geese, have red muscle (and therefore dark meat) throughout
Title: Poultry
Context: A 2011 study by the Translational Genomics Research Institute showed that 47% of the meat and poultry sold in United States grocery stores was contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus, and 52% of the bacteria concerned showed resistance to at least three groups of antibiotics. Thorough cooking of the product would kill these bacteria, but a risk of cross-contamination from improper handling of the raw product is still present. Also, some risk is present for consumers of poultry meat and eggs to bacterial infections such as Salmonella and Campylobacter. Poultry products may become contaminated by these bacteria during handling, processing, marketing, or storage, resulting in food-borne illness if the product is improperly cooked or handled.

question: When is it possible for baccteria is enter into poultry before you get it home? 

answer: Translational Genomics Research

question: What percentage of poultry is tainted with Staphylococcus bacteria? 

answer: 47%

question: Are the bacteria that is found on poultry easy to get rid of? 

answer: Thorough cooking of the product would kill these bacteria,

question: What considerations do consumers need when using safe handling procedures with poultry regardless of cooking method used?? 

answer: a risk of cross-contamination from improper handling of the raw product is still present
Title: Poultry
Context: In general, avian influenza is a disease of birds caused by bird-specific influenza A virus that is not normally transferred to people; however, people in contact with live poultry are at the greatest risk of becoming infected with the virus and this is of particular concern in areas such as Southeast Asia, where the disease is endemic in the wild bird population and domestic poultry can become infected. The virus possibly could mutate to become highly virulent and infectious in humans and cause an influenza pandemic.

question: Is the Avian flu a risk only to animals? 

answer: people in contact with live poultry are at the greatest risk of becoming infected with the virus

question: What portion of the world is considered to be most at risk for the rapid spread of the avian flu? 

answer: areas such as Southeast Asia, where the disease is endemic in the wild bird population and domestic poultry can become infected

question: What is the danger to humans in regards to the spread of avian flu to humans ? 

answer: The virus possibly could mutate to become highly virulent and infectious in humans and cause an influenza pandemic.

question: Can the avian flu be sread from wild birds to birds kept in husbandry? 

answer: the disease is endemic in the wild bird population and domestic poultry can become infected.
Title: Poultry
Context: Bacteria can be grown in the laboratory on nutrient culture media, but viruses need living cells in which to replicate. Many vaccines to infectious diseases can be grown in fertilised chicken eggs. Millions of eggs are used each year to generate the annual flu vaccine requirements, a complex process that takes about six months after the decision is made as to what strains of virus to include in the new vaccine. A problem with using eggs for this purpose is that people with egg allergies are unable to be immunised, but this disadvantage may be overcome as new techniques for cell-based rather than egg-based culture become available. Cell-based culture will also be useful in a pandemic when it may be difficult to acquire a sufficiently large quantity of suitable sterile, fertile eggs.

question: What are poultry eggs used for aside from consumption? 

answer: Many vaccines to infectious diseases can be grown in fertilised chicken eggs.

question: What is the major difficulty faced in using poultry to cultivate vaccines? 

answer: egg allergies are unable to be immunised

question: How long does it take for the flu vaccine to be fully ready for deployment into the population ? 

answer: process that takes about six months

question: In order to make a vaccine , what do viruses require that bacteria does not? 

answer: viruses need living cells in which to replicate

question: What new technology is being used in teh vaccine making process that will make vaccines safer and eaier for most consumers? 

answer: . Cell-based culture
Title: Poultry
Context: Poultry meat and eggs provide nutritionally beneficial food containing protein of high quality. This is accompanied by low levels of fat which have a favourable mix of fatty acids. Chicken meat contains about two to three times as much polyunsaturated fat as most types of red meat when measured by weight. However, for boneless, skinless chicken breast, the amount is much lower. A 100-g serving of baked chicken breast contains 4 g of fat and 31 g of protein, compared to 10 g of fat and 27 g of protein for the same portion of broiled, lean skirt steak.

question: What is the nutitional value to humans of poultry and poultry products? 

answer: protein of high quality

question: What is the fat and protien content of a 100g ram serving of baked chicken breast contain ? 

answer: 4 g of fat and 31 g of protein

question: How much healthy fat in in the average serving of poultry? 

answer: two to three times as much polyunsaturated fat as most types of red meat

question: Does chicken contain fat? 

answer: low levels of fat which have a favourable mix of fatty acids
Title: Arsenal_F.C.
Context: Arsenal was the first club from the south of England to join The Football League, in 1893. They entered the First Division in 1904, and have since accumulated the second most points. Relegated only once, in 1913, they continue the longest streak in the top division. In the 1930s, Arsenal won five League Championships and two FA Cups, and another FA Cup and two Championships after the war. In 1970–71, they won their first League and FA Cup Double. Between 1988 and 2005, they won five League titles and five FA Cups, including two more Doubles. They completed the 20th century with the highest average league position.

question: In what year did Arsenal join The Football League? 

answer: 1893

question: During the 1930s, Arsenal won how many League Championships? 

answer: five

question: When did Arsenal win their first Double Cup? 

answer: 1970–71

question: Over a 17 year period which began in the late 80s, stretching five years into the new millenia, how many FA Cups did Arsenal win? 

answer: five

question: What was the first football club from southern England to join The Football League? 

answer: Arsenal

question: When did Arsenal join the Football League? 

answer: 1893

question: In what year did Arsenal qualify to be in the First Division? 

answer: 1904

question: How many league championships did Arsenal win in the 1930s? 

answer: five

question: What was Arsenal's league position ranking at the end of the last century? 

answer: highest average
Title: Arsenal_F.C.
Context: In 1886, Woolwich munitions workers founded the club as Dial Square. In 1913, the club crossed the city to Arsenal Stadium in Highbury. They became Tottenham Hotspur's nearest club, commencing the North London derby. In 2006, they moved to the Emirates Stadium in nearby Holloway. Arsenal earned €435.5m in 2014–15, with the Emirates Stadium generating the highest revenue in world football. Based on social media activity from 2014–15, Arsenal's fanbase is the fifth largest in the world. Forbes estimates the club was worth $1.3 billion in 2015.

question: What was the original name of the Arsenal team? 

answer: Dial Square

question: When was Arsenal originally formed? 

answer: 1886

question: When did Arsenal become based in Highbury? 

answer: 1913

question: In what year did Arsenal move to Holloway? 

answer: 2006

question: How does Forbe's believe the Arsenal club was worth in 2015? 

answer: $1.3 billion
Title: Arsenal_F.C.
Context: Arsenal Football Club was formed as Dial Square in 1886 by workers at the Royal Arsenal in Woolwich, south-east London, and were renamed Royal Arsenal shortly afterwards. The club was renamed again to Woolwich Arsenal after becoming a limited company in 1893. The club became the first southern member of the Football League in 1893, starting out in the Second Division, and won promotion to the First Division in 1904. The club's relative geographic isolation resulted in lower attendances than those of other clubs, which led to the club becoming mired in financial problems and effectively bankrupt by 1910, when they were taken over by businessmen Henry Norris and William Hall. Norris sought to move the club elsewhere, and in 1913, soon after relegation back to the Second Division, Arsenal moved to the new Arsenal Stadium in Highbury, north London; they dropped "Woolwich" from their name the following year. Arsenal only finished in fifth place in the second division during the last pre-war competitive season of 1914–15, but were nevertheless elected to rejoin the First Division when competitive football resumed in 1919–20, at the expense of local rivals Tottenham Hotspur. Some books have reported that this election to division 1 was achieved by dubious means.

question: What group from the munitions plant in Woolwich formed the Arsenal club? 

answer: workers

question: By what year had Arsenal become a limited company? 

answer: 1893

question: When did Arsenal move to Arsenal Stadium in Highbury? 

answer: 1913

question: In which division was Arsenal ranked by the start of WWI? 

answer: second division

question: By 1920 where was Arsenal ranked in division? 

answer: First Division
Title: Arsenal_F.C.
Context: Arsenal appointed Herbert Chapman as manager in 1925. Having already won the league twice with Huddersfield Town in 1923–24 and 1924–25 (see Seasons in English football), Chapman brought Arsenal their first period of major success. His revolutionary tactics and training, along with the signings of star players such as Alex James and Cliff Bastin, laid the foundations of the club's domination of English football in the 1930s. Under his guidance Arsenal won their first major trophies – victory in the 1930 FA Cup Final preceded two League Championships, in 1930–31 and 1932–33. In addition, Chapman was behind the 1932 renaming of the local London Underground station from "Gillespie Road" to "Arsenal", making it the only Tube station to be named specifically after a football club.

question: What manager was appointed to lead Arsenal in 1925? 

answer: Herbert Chapman

question: What was Chapman's style of tactics that provided the basis for the Arsenal club's success? 

answer: revolutionary

question: In what decade did Arsenal dominate in English football? 

answer: 1930s

question: What football club manager got an underground station renamed for Arsenal? 

answer: Chapman

question: What was one of Arsenal's first major wins? 

answer: 1930 FA Cup Final
Title: Arsenal_F.C.
Context: Arsenal began winning silverware again with the surprise appointment of club physiotherapist Bertie Mee as manager in 1966. After losing two League Cup finals, they won their first European trophy, the 1969–70 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup. This was followed by an even greater triumph: their first League and FA Cup double in 1970–71. This marked a premature high point of the decade; the Double-winning side was soon broken up and the following decade was characterised by a series of near misses, starting with Arsenal finishing as FA Cup runners up in 1972, and First Division runners-up in 1972–73.

question: When was Bertie Mee become manager of Arsenal? 

answer: 1966

question: What position did Mee hold in the Arsenal club prior to becoming manager? 

answer: physiotherapist

question: In which season did Arsenal win its first European trophy? 

answer: 1969–70

question: For how long after Arsenal's first trophy win the team do poorly competitions? 

answer: decade

question: In what season did Arsenal win their first League and FA Cup double? 

answer: 1970–71
Title: Arsenal_F.C.
Context: Terry Neill was recruited by the Arsenal board to replace Bertie Mee on 9 July 1976 and at the age of 34 he became the youngest Arsenal manager to date. With new signings like Malcolm Macdonald and Pat Jennings, and a crop of talent in the side such as Liam Brady and Frank Stapleton, the club enjoyed their best form since the 1971 double, reaching a trio of FA Cup finals (1978, 1979 and 1980), and losing the 1980 European Cup Winners' Cup Final on penalties. The club's only success during this time was a last-minute 3–2 victory over Manchester United in the 1979 FA Cup Final, widely regarded as a classic.

question: On what date was Bertie Mee replaced by Arsenal? 

answer: 9 July 1976

question: What Arsenal manager replaced Mee? 

answer: Terry Neill

question: What action brought prosperity to Arsenal? 

answer: new signings

question: What number of cup finals did Arsenal reach in 

answer: trio

question: In what years did Arsenal get into the FA Cup finals? 

answer: 1978, 1979 and 1980
Title: Arsenal_F.C.
Context: The return of former player George Graham as manager in 1986 brought a third period of glory. Arsenal won the League Cup in 1987, Graham's first season in charge. This was followed by a League title win in 1988–89, won with a last-minute goal in the final game of the season against fellow title challengers Liverpool. Graham's Arsenal won another title in 1990–91, losing only one match, won the FA Cup and League Cup double in 1993, and a second European trophy, the European Cup Winners' Cup, in 1994. Graham's reputation was tarnished when he was found to have taken kickbacks from agent Rune Hauge for signing certain players, and he was dismissed in 1995. His replacement, Bruce Rioch, lasted for only one season, leaving the club after a dispute with the board of directors.

question: What former Arsenal player became manager in 1986? 

answer: George Graham

question: Under the direction of Graham, what trophy did Arsenal win in 1987? 

answer: League Cup

question: What competitor did Arsenal defeat to win a league title in the 1988-89 season? 

answer: Liverpool

question: In what year did Arsenal win their second European cup? 

answer: 1994

question: What action did Graham get caught doing to get fired by Arsenal? 

answer: kickbacks