praj-17/QA-MCQ-Open-ended huggingface dataset:
Title: Daylight_saving_time
Context: Since then, the world has seen many enactments, adjustments, and repeals. For specific details, an overview is available at Daylight saving time by country.

question: Has the world seen many or few changes in the observation of DST? 

answer: many

question: Countries might change their DST policy by enactments, adjustments, and what other type of policy changes? 

answer: repeals
Title: Daylight_saving_time
Context: In the case of the United States where a one-hour shift occurs at 02:00 local time, in spring the clock jumps forward from the last moment of 01:59 standard time to 03:00 DST and that day has 23 hours, whereas in autumn the clock jumps backward from the last moment of 01:59 DST to 01:00 standard time, repeating that hour, and that day has 25 hours. A digital display of local time does not read 02:00 exactly at the shift to summer time, but instead jumps from 01:59:59.9 forward to 03:00:00.0.

question: At what local time does the United States change the time? 

answer: 02:00

question: Technically, how many hours does the day the time change happens have in the spring? 

answer: 23

question: In the fall, DST means one hour is repeated, which means the day is actually how many hours long? 

answer: 25

question: At the time change to DST, what will a digital clock read just after 01:59:59.9? 

answer: 03:00:00.0

question: Daylight Saving Time is sometimes called summer time, but the clocks are actually moved forward in which season? 

answer: spring
Title: Daylight_saving_time
Context: Clock shifts are usually scheduled near a weekend midnight to lessen disruption to weekday schedules. A one-hour shift is customary, but Australia's Lord Howe Island uses a half-hour shift. Twenty-minute and two-hour shifts have been used in the past.

question: During what part of the week is the time change most often scheduled? 

answer: weekend

question: What do we avoid disrupting by doing the time shift during days most people don't work? 

answer: weekday schedules
Title: Daylight_saving_time
Context: Coordination strategies differ when adjacent time zones shift clocks. The European Union shifts all at once, at 01:00 UTC or 02:00 CET or 03:00 EET; for example, Eastern European Time is always one hour ahead of Central European Time. Most of North America shifts at 02:00 local time, so its zones do not shift at the same time; for example, Mountain Time is temporarily (for one hour) zero hours ahead of Pacific Time, instead of one hour ahead, in the autumn and two hours, instead of one, ahead of Pacific Time in the spring. In the past, Australian districts went even further and did not always agree on start and end dates; for example, in 2008 most DST-observing areas shifted clocks forward on October 5 but Western Australia shifted on October 26. In some cases only part of a country shifts; for example, in the US, Hawaii and most of Arizona do not observe DST.

question: Which time zone in Europe always has a one-hour lead on Central European Time? 

answer: Eastern European Time

question: For one hour each spring, how far ahead of Pacific Time is Mountain Time in the United States? 

answer: two hours

question: In 2008, what month and day did Western Australia change their clocks? 

answer: October 26

question: At DST in the fall, how long does it stay the same time in both Pacific and Mountain time in the United States? 

answer: one hour

question: In addition to much of the state of Arizona, what U.S. state does not ever change their clocks for DST? 

answer: Hawaii
Title: Daylight_saving_time
Context: Start and end dates vary with location and year. Since 1996 European Summer Time has been observed from the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in October; previously the rules were not uniform across the European Union. Starting in 2007, most of the United States and Canada observe DST from the second Sunday in March to the first Sunday in November, almost two-thirds of the year. The 2007 US change was part of the Energy Policy Act of 2005; previously, from 1987 through 2006, the start and end dates were the first Sunday in April and the last Sunday in October, and Congress retains the right to go back to the previous dates now that an energy-consumption study has been done. Proponents for permanently retaining November as the month for ending DST point to Halloween as a reason to delay the change in order to allow extra daylight for the evening of October 31.

question: What year did the European Union standardize their Summer Time? 

answer: 1996

question: European Summer Time begins in March and ends in what month? 

answer: October

question: What act in the U.S. brought about the 2007 change in DST policy? 

answer: the Energy Policy Act of 2005

question: What government body is allowed to change the DST policy in the United States back to the dates observed from 1987 to 2006? 

answer: Congress

question: Supporters of the November end to DST name what U.S. holiday as the justification for keeping the change through the end of October? 

answer: Halloween
Title: Daylight_saving_time
Context: Beginning and ending dates are roughly the reverse in the southern hemisphere. For example, mainland Chile observed DST from the second Saturday in October to the second Saturday in March, with transitions at 24:00 local time. The time difference between the United Kingdom and mainland Chile could therefore be five hours during the Northern summer, three hours during the Southern summer and four hours a few weeks per year because of mismatch of changing dates.

question: In the southern hemisphere, what aspect of DST is about the reverse of that of the northern hemisphere? 

answer: Beginning and ending dates

question: At what local time does Chile change their clocks for DST? 

answer: 24:00

question: What day of the week does DST begin and end in Chile? 

answer: Saturday

question: In the Northern hemisphere's summer, what is the time difference between the UK and Chile? 

answer: five hours

question: During what season in the Southern hemisphere is there a three-hour time difference between mainland Chile and the United Kingdom? 

answer: summer
Title: Daylight_saving_time
Context: DST is generally not observed near the equator, where sunrise times do not vary enough to justify it. Some countries observe it only in some regions; for example, southern Brazil observes it while equatorial Brazil does not. Only a minority of the world's population uses DST because Asia and Africa generally do not observe it.

question: Which part of Brazil observes Daylight Saving Time? 

answer: southern Brazil

question: What part of Brazil does not observe DST? 

answer: equatorial Brazil

question: Which two continents that comprise a majority of the population worldwide don't observe DST? 

answer: Asia and Africa

question: The lack of fluctuation in time for what daily event means regions of the world near the equator don't usually keep DST? 

answer: sunrise
Title: Daylight_saving_time
Context: Daylight saving has caused controversy since it began. Winston Churchill argued that it enlarges "the opportunities for the pursuit of health and happiness among the millions of people who live in this country" and pundits have dubbed it "Daylight Slaving Time". Historically, retailing, sports, and tourism interests have favored daylight saving, while agricultural and evening entertainment interests have opposed it, and its initial adoption had been prompted by energy crisis and war.

question: What leader said daylight saving gives people more "opportunities for the pursuit of health and happiness"? 

answer: Winston Churchill

question: What nickname have people in opposition to DST given it? 

answer: Daylight Slaving Time

question: In addition to the evening entertainment industry, people from what industry often oppose daylight saving? 

answer: agricultural

question: Traditionally, retailing, tourism, and what other industry have been in favor of DST? 

answer: sports

question: Along with energy crisis, what other significant historical event led to countries adopting DST? 

answer: war
Title: Daylight_saving_time
Context: The fate of Willett's 1907 proposal illustrates several political issues involved. The proposal attracted many supporters, including Balfour, Churchill, Lloyd George, MacDonald, Edward VII (who used half-hour DST at Sandringham), the managing director of Harrods, and the manager of the National Bank. However, the opposition was stronger: it included Prime Minister H. H. Asquith, Christie (the Astronomer Royal), George Darwin, Napier Shaw (director of the Meteorological Office), many agricultural organizations, and theatre owners. After many hearings the proposal was narrowly defeated in a Parliament committee vote in 1909. Willett's allies introduced similar bills every year from 1911 through 1914, to no avail. The US was even more skeptical: Andrew Peters introduced a DST bill to the US House of Representatives in May 1909, but it soon died in committee.

question: Which political supporter of Willett's proposal had already used the half-hour version of DST at Sandringham? 

answer: Edward VII

question: What was the name of the director of the Meteorological Office who opposed DST? 

answer: Napier Shaw

question: What year did Parliament first take a vote and decide against implementing daylight savings? 

answer: 1909

question: Who was responsible for bringing a bill proposing DST to the U.S. House of Representatives? 

answer: Andrew Peters
Title: Daylight_saving_time
Context: After Germany led the way with starting DST (German: Sommerzeit) during World War I on 30 April 1916 together with its allies to alleviate hardships from wartime coal shortages and air raid blackouts, the political equation changed in other countries; the United Kingdom used DST first on 21 May 1916. US retailing and manufacturing interests led by Pittsburgh industrialist Robert Garland soon began lobbying for DST, but were opposed by railroads. The US's 1917 entry to the war overcame objections, and DST was established in 1918.

question: What industrialist from Pittsburgh campaigned strongly in favor of DST? 

answer: Robert Garland

question: What year did the U.S. go to war, leading to wider acceptance of daylight savings? 

answer: 1917

question: What year did the United States finally adopt Daylight Saving Time? 

answer: 1918
Title: Daylight_saving_time
Context: The war's end swung the pendulum back. Farmers continued to dislike DST, and many countries repealed it after the war. Britain was an exception: it retained DST nationwide but over the years adjusted transition dates for several reasons, including special rules during the 1920s and 1930s to avoid clock shifts on Easter mornings. The US was more typical: Congress repealed DST after 1919. President Woodrow Wilson, like Willett an avid golfer, vetoed the repeal twice but his second veto was overridden. Only a few US cities retained DST locally thereafter, including New York so that its financial exchanges could maintain an hour of arbitrage trading with London, and Chicago and Cleveland to keep pace with New York. Wilson's successor Warren G. Harding opposed DST as a "deception". Reasoning that people should instead get up and go to work earlier in the summer, he ordered District of Columbia federal employees to start work at 08:00 rather than 09:00 during summer 1922. Some businesses followed suit though many others did not; the experiment was not repeated.

question: Which country continued to observe DST nationwide despite the fact that the war had ended? 

answer: Britain

question: What spring holiday did Britain adjust its DST schedule around? 

answer: Easter

question: After what year was daylight savings repealed in the U.S.? 

answer: 1919

question: What sport did President Wilson enjoy that made him not want to give up DST? 

answer: golf

question: What U.S. city kept observing DST to stay in sync with London, leading Chicago and Cleveland to follow along? 

answer: New York
Title: Daylight_saving_time
Context: The history of time in the United States includes DST during both world wars, but no standardization of peacetime DST until 1966. In May 1965, for two weeks, St. Paul, Minnesota and Minneapolis, Minnesota were on different times, when the capital city decided to join most of the nation by starting Daylight Saving Time while Minneapolis opted to follow the later date set by state law. In the mid-1980s, Clorox (parent of Kingsford Charcoal) and 7-Eleven provided the primary funding for the Daylight Saving Time Coalition behind the 1987 extension to US DST, and both Idaho senators voted for it based on the premise that during DST fast-food restaurants sell more French fries, which are made from Idaho potatoes.

question: What month and year were two neighboring cities in Minnesota on different time schedules? 

answer: May 1965

question: What state supported DST because it wanted to sell more potatoes? 

answer: Idaho

question: What company joined Clorox in funding the Daylight Saving Time Coalition in the 1980s? 

answer: 7-Eleven

question: What year was the extension to U.S. daylight savings proposed by the DST Coalition? 

answer: 1987

question: What year did the U.S. see standardization of DST outside of wartime for the first time? 

answer: 1966
Title: Daylight_saving_time
Context: In 1992, after a three-year trial of daylight saving in Queensland, Australia, a referendum on daylight saving was held and defeated with a 54.5% 'no' vote – with regional and rural areas strongly opposed, while those in the metropolitan south-east were in favor. In 2005, the Sporting Goods Manufacturers Association and the National Association of Convenience Stores successfully lobbied for the 2007 extension to US DST. In December 2008, the Daylight Saving for South East Queensland (DS4SEQ) political party was officially registered in Queensland, advocating the implementation of a dual-time zone arrangement for Daylight Saving in South East Queensland while the rest of the state maintains standard time. DS4SEQ contested the March 2009 Queensland State election with 32 candidates and received one percent of the statewide primary vote, equating to around 2.5% across the 32 electorates contested. After a three-year trial, more than 55% of Western Australians voted against DST in 2009, with rural areas strongly opposed. On 14 April 2010, after being approached by the DS4SEQ political party, Queensland Independent member Peter Wellington, introduced the Daylight Saving for South East Queensland Referendum Bill 2010 into Queensland Parliament, calling for a referendum to be held at the next State election on the introduction of daylight saving into South East Queensland under a dual-time zone arrangement. The Bill was defeated in Queensland Parliament on 15 June 2011.

question: What percentage of Queensland voted against the daylight saving referendum in 1992? 

answer: 54.5%

question: What was the name of Queensland's political party set up solely to support their particular DST arrangement? 

answer: Daylight Saving for South East Queensland

question: In Australia, were rural or urban areas generally more strongly opposed to DST? 

answer: rural

question: What member of Queensland Parliament was responsible for finally bringing the DST for South East Queensland referendum to a vote? 

answer: Peter Wellington
Title: Daylight_saving_time
Context: In the UK the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents supports a proposal to observe SDST's additional hour year-round, but is opposed in some industries, such as postal workers and farmers, and particularly by those living in the northern regions of the UK.

question: What was the name of the organization that supported adding an additional hour to their clocks all year? 

answer: the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents

question: Joining farmers, what other kind of workers opposed SDST? 

answer: postal workers

question: What regions of the United Kingdom were generally against SDST? 

answer: northern regions
Title: Daylight_saving_time
Context: In some Muslim countries DST is temporarily abandoned during Ramadan (the month when no food should be eaten between sunrise and sunset), since the DST would delay the evening dinner. Ramadan took place in July and August in 2012. This concerns at least Morocco and Palestine, although Iran keeps DST during Ramadan. Most Muslim countries do not use DST, partially for this reason.

question: What do Muslims call the month when they fast between sunup and sundown? 

answer: Ramadan

question: What would DST delay if observed during the Muslim holy month? 

answer: the evening dinner

question: What Muslim country continues to observe DST during Ramadan? 

answer: Iran

question: When was Ramadan in 2012? 

answer: July and August
Title: Daylight_saving_time
Context: The 2011 declaration by Russia that it would not turn its clocks back and stay in DST all year long was subsequently followed by a similar declaration from Belarus. The plan generated widespread complaints due to the dark of wintertime morning, and thus was abandoned in 2014. The country changed its clocks to Standard Time on 26 October 2014 - and intends to stay there permanently.

question: What year did Russia decide to never turn its clocks back? 

answer: 2011

question: What country other than Russia declared they'd stay in DST all year? 

answer: Belarus

question: Was Russia or Belarus first in their declaration? 

answer: Russia

question: Which season's dark mornings led to people complaining about the switch from DST? 

answer: winter

question: What year did Russia give up on the all-year DST and go back to Standard Time? 

answer: 2014
Title: Daylight_saving_time
Context: Proponents of DST generally argue that it saves energy, promotes outdoor leisure activity in the evening (in summer), and is therefore good for physical and psychological health, reduces traffic accidents, reduces crime, or is good for business. Groups that tend to support DST are urban workers, retail businesses, outdoor sports enthusiasts and businesses, tourism operators, and others who benefit from increased light during the evening in summer.

question: Which group is more likely to support DST: urban workers or rural farmers? 

answer: urban workers

question: If people have more daylight in the evenings, what season might see a rise in outdoor activity? 

answer: summer

question: Would those in favor of DST argue that it causes people to use more electricity or saves energy? 

answer: saves energy
Title: Daylight_saving_time
Context: Opponents argue that actual energy savings are inconclusive, that DST increases health risks such as heart attack, that DST can disrupt morning activities, and that the act of changing clocks twice a year is economically and socially disruptive and cancels out any benefit. Farmers have tended to oppose DST.

question: What major health risk do people who oppose DST say it increases? 

answer: heart attack

question: What profession is more likely to want to repeal DST: farmers or shopkeepers? 

answer: Farmers

question: What adjective would those against DST use to describe the energy savings touted by supporters? 

answer: inconclusive

question: What time of day do opponents of daylight savings believe is disrupted the most by the time shift? 

answer: morning
Title: Daylight_saving_time
Context: Common agreement about the day's layout or schedule confers so many advantages that a standard DST schedule has generally been chosen over ad hoc efforts to get up earlier. The advantages of coordination are so great that many people ignore whether DST is in effect by altering their nominal work schedules to coordinate with television broadcasts or daylight. DST is commonly not observed during most of winter, because its mornings are darker; workers may have no sunlit leisure time, and children may need to leave for school in the dark. Since DST is applied to many varying communities, its effects may be very different depending on their culture, light levels, geography, and climate; that is why it is hard to make generalized conclusions about the absolute effects of the practice. Some areas may adopt DST simply as a matter of coordination with others rather than for any direct benefits.

question: Most people agree that a standardized schedule by DST is more practical than trying to do what in the morning on our own? 

answer: get up earlier

question: What electronic device might people work their schedules around instead of paying close attention to DST? 

answer: television

question: During what season is DST usually not observed because of the detriments of dark mornings? 

answer: winter

question: What indirect benefit of DST might cause some areas to observe it even though they don't get any direct benefits like cost or energy savings? 

answer: coordination with others
Title: Daylight_saving_time
Context: DST's potential to save energy comes primarily from its effects on residential lighting, which consumes about 3.5% of electricity in the United States and Canada. Delaying the nominal time of sunset and sunrise reduces the use of artificial light in the evening and increases it in the morning. As Franklin's 1784 satire pointed out, lighting costs are reduced if the evening reduction outweighs the morning increase, as in high-latitude summer when most people wake up well after sunrise. An early goal of DST was to reduce evening usage of incandescent lighting, which used to be a primary use of electricity. Although energy conservation remains an important goal, energy usage patterns have greatly changed since then, and recent research is limited and reports contradictory results. Electricity use is greatly affected by geography, climate, and economics, making it hard to generalize from single studies.

question: What percentage of all electricity usage in the U.S. and Canada is from residential lighting? 

answer: 3.5%

question: DST will reduce electricity use in the evening but increase it during what time of the day? 

answer: morning

question: When DST was first proposed, what type of lighting was consuming the most electricity? 

answer: incandescent

question: Along with geography and economics, what variable often affects how much electricity an area uses? 

answer: climate

question: Whose satire that was published in 1784 pointed out that daylight saving would only reduce electricity usage if the increase in the mornings was less than the savings in the evenings? 

answer: Franklin
Title: Daylight_saving_time
Context: Several studies have suggested that DST increases motor fuel consumption. The 2008 DOE report found no significant increase in motor gasoline consumption due to the 2007 United States extension of DST.

question: Have studies shown DST generally increases or reduces gas consumption from cars? 

answer: increases

question: What year was the DOE report about fuel consumption published? 

answer: 2008

question: What happened regarding DST in 2007 in the United States that probably led to the DOE investigation? 

answer: extension of DST