praj-17/QA-MCQ-Open-ended huggingface dataset:
Title: Greece
Context: The Greek national basketball team has a decades-long tradition of excellence in the sport, being considered among the world's top basketball powers. As of 2012, it ranked 4th in the world and 2nd in Europe. They have won the European Championship twice in 1987 and 2005, and have reached the final four in two of the last four FIBA World Championships, taking the second place in the world in 2006 FIBA World Championship, after a spectacular 101–95 win against Team USA in the tournament's semifinal. The domestic top basketball league, A1 Ethniki, is composed of fourteen teams. The most successful Greek teams are Olympiacos, Panathinaikos, Aris Thessaloniki, AEK Athens and P.A.O.K. Greek basketball teams are the most successful in European basketball the last 25 years, having won as many as 9 Euroleagues since the establishment of the modern era Euroleague Final Four format in 1988, while no other nation has won more than 4 Euroleague championships in this period. Besides the 9 Euroleagues, Greek basketball teams (Panathinaikos, Olympiacos, Aris Thessaloniki, AEK Athens, P.A.O.K, Maroussi) have won 3 Triple Crowns, 5 Saporta Cups, 2 Korać Cups and 1 FIBA Europe Champions Cup. After the 2005 European Championship triumph of the Greek national basketball team, Greece became the reigning European Champion in both football and basketball.

question: The Greek national basketball team held what world ranking in 2012? 

answer: 4th

question: The Greek national basketball in 2012 held what ranking in Europe? 

answer: 2nd

question: How many times has the Greek national basketball team won the European championship? 

answer: twice

question: Who did the Greek basketball team beat in the 2006 FIBA World Championship? 

answer: Team USA

question: What is the name of Greece's top domestic basketball league? 

answer: A1 Ethniki
Title: Greece
Context: The Greece women's national water polo team have emerged as one of the leading powers in the world, becoming World Champions after their gold medal win against the hosts China at the 2011 World Championship. They have also won the silver medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics, the gold medal at the 2005 World League and the silver medals at the 2010 and 2012 European Championships. The Greece men's national water polo team became the third best water polo team in the world in 2005, after their win against Croatia in the bronze medal game at the 2005 World Aquatics Championships in Canada. The domestic top water polo leagues, Greek Men's Water Polo League and Greek Women's Water Polo League are considered amongst the top national leagues in European water polo, as its clubs have made significant success in European competitions. In men's European competitions, Olympiacos has won the Champions League, the European Super Cup and the Triple Crown in 2002 becoming the first club in Water polo history to win every title in which it has competed within a single year (National championship, National cup, Champions League and European Super Cup), while NC Vouliagmeni has won the LEN Cup Winners' Cup in 1997. In women's European competitions, Greek water polo teams (NC Vouliagmeni, Glyfada NSC, Olympiacos, Ethnikos Piraeus) are amongst the most successful in European water polο, having won as many as 4 LEN Champions Cups, 3 LEN Trophies and 2 European Supercups.

question: In what year did Greece's women's water polo team win the World Championship? 

answer: 2011

question: Which medal did Greece's women's water polo team win at the 2004 Summer Olympics? 

answer: silver

question: Which medal did Greece's women's water polo team win at the 2005 World League? 

answer: gold

question: The Greece Men's water polo team held which world ranking in 2005? 

answer: third

question: Who did Greece Men's water polo team beat in the 2005 World Aquatics Championships? 

answer: Croatia
Title: Greece
Context: The Greek men's national volleyball team has won two bronze medals, one in the European Volleyball Championship and another one in the European Volleyball League, a 5th place in the Olympic Games and a 6th place in the FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship. The Greek league, the A1 Ethniki, is considered one of the top volleyball leagues in Europe and the Greek clubs have made significant success in European competitions. Olympiacos is the most successful volleyball club in the country having won the most domestic titles and being the only Greek club to have won European titles; they have won two CEV Cups, they have been CEV Champions League runners-up twice and they have played in as many as 12 Final Fours in the European competitions, making them one of the most traditional volleyball clubs in Europe. Iraklis have also seen significant success in European competitions, having been three times runners-up of the CEV Champions League.

question: The Greek Men's national volleyball team has won how many bronze medals? 

answer: two

question: The Greek Men's national volleyball team came in what place in the Olympic games? 

answer: 5th

question: What Greek volleyball club is the most successful in the country? 

answer: Olympiacos

question: Who is the only Greek volleyball club to win European titles? 

answer: Olympiacos
Title: Greece
Context: The principal gods of the ancient Greek religion were the Dodekatheon, or the Twelve Gods, who lived on the top of Mount Olympus. The most important of all ancient Greek gods was Zeus, the king of the gods, who was married to Hera, who was also Zeus's sister. The other Greek gods that made up the Twelve Olympians were Demeter, Ares, Poseidon, Athena, Dionysus, Apollo, Artemis, Aphrodite, Hephaestus and Hermes. Apart from these twelve gods, Greeks also had a variety of other mystical beliefs, such as nymphs and other magical creatures.

question: Where did the mythical Greek gods live? 

answer: Mount Olympus

question: The main gods of ancient Greece known as the what? 

answer: Dodekatheon

question: The most important of the ancient gods was who? 

answer: Zeus

question: Zeus was married to which goddess? 

answer: Hera

question: Who was Zeus's sister? 

answer: Hera
Title: Greece
Context: According to Greek law, every Sunday of the year is a public holiday. In addition, there are four mandatory official public holidays: 25 March (Greek Independence Day), Easter Monday, 15 August (Assumption or Dormition of the Holy Virgin), and 25 December (Christmas). 1 May (Labour Day) and 28 October (Ohi Day) are regulated by law as being optional but it is customary for employees to be given the day off. There are, however, more public holidays celebrated in Greece than are announced by the Ministry of Labour each year as either obligatory or optional. The list of these non-fixed national holidays rarely changes and has not changed in recent decades, giving a total of eleven national holidays each year.

question: Greek law says that every Sunday of the year is a what? 

answer: holiday

question: How many official Greek mandatory public holidays are there? 

answer: four

question: How many Greek national holidays are there each year? 

answer: eleven

question: What is one of the holidays regulated by law as optional? 

answer: Labour Day
Title: Greece
Context: In 2011, it became apparent that the bail-out would be insufficient and a second bail-out amounting to €130 billion ($173 billion) was agreed in 2012, subject to strict conditions, including financial reforms and further austerity measures. As part of the deal, there was to be a 53% reduction in the Greek debt burden to private creditors and any profits made by Eurozone central banks on their holdings of Greek debt are to be repatriated back to Greece. Greece achieved a primary government budget surplus in 2013. In April 2014, Greece returned to the global bond market as it successfully sold €3 billion worth of five-year government bonds at a yield of 4.95%. Greece returned to growth after six years of economic decline in the second quarter of 2014, and was the Eurozone's fastest-growing economy in the third quarter.

question: in 2012, what was the amount of the bailout? 

answer: $173 billion

question: How much debt to creditors was Greece suppose to reduce? 

answer: 53%

question: In what year did Greece realize a budget surplus? 

answer: 2013

question: How much did Greece make from a bond sale in 2014? 

answer: €3 billion

question: After how many years did it take for Greece to gain back growth in the economy? 

answer: six years
Title: Greece
Context: Following the assassination of Phillip II, his son Alexander III ("The Great") assumed the leadership of the League of Corinth and launched an invasion of the Persian Empire with the combined forces of all Greek states in 334 BC. Undefeated in battle, Alexander had conquered the Persian Empire in its entirety by 330 BC. By the time of his death in 323 BC, he had created one of the largest empires in history, stretching from Greece to India. His empire split into several kingdoms upon his death, the most famous of which were the Seleucid Empire, Ptolemaic Egypt, the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom and the Indo-Greek Kingdom. Many Greeks migrated to Alexandria, Antioch, Seleucia and the many other new Hellenistic cities in Asia and Africa. Although the political unity of Alexander's empire could not be maintained, it resulted in the Hellenistic civilization and spread the Greek language and Greek culture in the territories conquered by Alexander. Greek science, technology and mathematics are generally considered to have reached their peak during the Hellenistic period.

question: Alexander III was the son of whom? 

answer: Phillip II

question: Alexander III invaded what empire after his father was killed? 

answer: Persian

question: What year did Alexander III Invade Persia? 

answer: 334 BC

question: The Persian Empire was conquered by Alexander by what year? 

answer: 330 BC

question: In which year did Alexander III die? 

answer: 323 BC
Title: Mammal
Context: Mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorquals and other large whales, as well as some of the most intelligent, such as elephants, primates, including humans, and cetaceans. The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, or on two legs. The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta, which enables feeding the fetus during gestation. Mammals range in size from the 30–40 mm (1.2–1.6 in) bumblebee bat to the 33-meter (108 ft) blue whale.

question: Which specific mammal is the largest today? 

answer: blue whale

question: Which mammal is the smallest? 

answer: bumblebee bat

question: Which four legged mammal is considered to be the smartest? 

answer: elephants

question: About how small is the average bumble bee bat? 

answer: 30–40 mm (1.2–1.6 in)
Title: Mammal
Context: The word "mammal" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, derived from the Latin mamma ("teat, pap"). All female mammals nurse their young with milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands. According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006. These were grouped in 1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders. In 2008 the IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List, which counted 5,488 accepted species.

question: Who coined the name "mammal" from the scientific name Mammalia? 

answer: Carl Linnaeus

question: What do all female mammals have in common when they have children? 

answer: nurse their young with milk

question: How many mammals were known to exist up to 2006? 

answer: 5,416

question: How many families did mammals consist of as of 2006? 

answer: 153 families
Title: Mammal
Context: Except for the five species of monotremes (egg-laying mammals), all modern mammals give birth to live young. Most mammals, including the six most species-rich orders, belong to the placental group. The three largest orders in numbers, are first Rodentia: mice, rats, porcupines, beavers, capybaras, and other gnawing mammals; then Chiroptera: bats; and then Soricomorpha: shrews, moles and solenodons. The next three orders, depending on the biological classification scheme used, are the Primates including the humans; the Cetartiodactyla including the whales and the even-toed hoofed mammals; and the Carnivora, that is, cats, dogs, weasels, bears, seals, and their relatives.

question: How many species of mammals do not have a live birth? 

answer: five species

question: Which group consist of the most mammals? 

answer: Rodentia

question: Which group do humans belong too? 

answer: Primates

question: Which group do cats and dogs belong too? 

answer: Carnivora
Title: Mammal
Context: The early synapsid mammalian ancestors were sphenacodont pelycosaurs, a group that produced the non-mammalian Dimetrodon. At the end of the Carboniferous period, this group diverged from the sauropsid line that led to today's reptiles and birds. The line following the stem group Sphenacodontia split-off several diverse groups of non-mammalian synapsids—sometimes referred to as mammal-like reptiles—before giving rise to the proto-mammals (Therapsida) in the early Mesozoic era. The modern mammalian orders arose in the Paleogene and Neogene periods of the Cenozoic era, after the extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs 66 million years ago.

question: From which time period did birds and reptiles began to appear from? 

answer: Carboniferous period

question: When did non-avian dinosaurs become extinct? 

answer: 66 million years ago

question: Which early mammalian ancestor produced non-mammalian Dimetroden? 

answer: sphenacodont pelycosaurs
Title: Mammal
Context: In an influential 1988 paper, Timothy Rowe defined Mammalia phylogenetically as the crown group mammals, the clade consisting of the most recent common ancestor of living monotremes (echidnas and platypuses) and therian mammals (marsupials and placentals) and all descendants of that ancestor. Since this ancestor lived in the Jurassic period, Rowe's definition excludes all animals from the earlier Triassic, despite the fact that Triassic fossils in the Haramiyida have been referred to the Mammalia since the mid-19th century.

question: Who defined mammalian as the crown group mammals? 

answer: Timothy Rowe

question: By Rowe's definition, when did he start to exclude animals? 

answer: Triassic

question: Which group do marsupials and placentals belong to? 

answer: therian mammals
Title: Mammal
Context: If Mammalia is considered as the crown group, its origin can be roughly dated as the first known appearance of animals more closely related to some extant mammals than to others. Ambondro is more closely related to monotremes than to therian mammals while Amphilestes and Amphitherium are more closely related to the therians; as fossils of all three genera are dated about 167 million years ago in the Middle Jurassic, this is a reasonable estimate for the appearance of the crown group. The earliest known synapsid satisfying Kemp's definitions is Tikitherium, dated 225 Ma, so the appearance of mammals in this broader sense can be given this Late Triassic date. In any case, the temporal range of the group extends to the present day.

question: Which group are Ambondro's closely related to? 

answer: monotremes

question: Which two groups are closely related to therian mammals? 

answer: Amphilestes and Amphitherium

question: How many years do momotremes and therian mammals go back? 

answer: 167 million years

question: About what year do synapsid date back to? 

answer: 225 Ma
Title: Mammal
Context: George Gaylord Simpson's "Principles of Classification and a Classification of Mammals" (AMNH Bulletin v. 85, 1945) was the original source for the taxonomy listed here. Simpson laid out a systematics of mammal origins and relationships that was universally taught until the end of the 20th century. Since Simpson's classification, the paleontological record has been recalibrated, and the intervening years have seen much debate and progress concerning the theoretical underpinnings of systematization itself, partly through the new concept of cladistics. Though field work gradually made Simpson's classification outdated, it remained the closest thing to an official classification of mammals.

question: Who wrote the "Principles of Classification and a Classification of Mammals? 

answer: George Gaylord Simpson

question: Simpson laid the systematics of mammal origins and was taught universally up until the end of what century? 

answer: 20th

question: Which new concept has greatly taken over Simpsons much debated theoretical systematization? 

answer: cladistics
Title: Mammal
Context: In 1997, the mammals were comprehensively revised by Malcolm C. McKenna and Susan K. Bell, which has resulted in the McKenna/Bell classification. Their 1997 book, Classification of Mammals above the Species Level, is the most comprehensive work to date on the systematics, relationships, and occurrences of all mammal taxa, living and extinct, down through the rank of genus, though recent molecular genetic data challenge several of the higher level groupings. The authors worked together as paleontologists at the American Museum of Natural History, New York. McKenna inherited the project from Simpson and, with Bell, constructed a completely updated hierarchical system, covering living and extinct taxa that reflects the historical genealogy of Mammalia.

question: In 1997 who revised the classification of mammals? 

answer: Malcolm C. McKenna and Susan K. Bell

question: Where did the two authors work together as paleontologist?  

answer: American Museum of Natural History

question: From whom did McKenna inherit the project from? 

answer: Simpson
Title: Mammal
Context: Molecular studies based on DNA analysis have suggested new relationships among mammal families over the last few years. Most of these findings have been independently validated by retrotransposon presence/absence data. Classification systems based on molecular studies reveal three major groups or lineages of placental mammals- Afrotheria, Xenarthra, and Boreoeutheria- which diverged from early common ancestors in the Cretaceous. The relationships between these three lineages is contentious, and all three possible different hypotheses have been proposed with respect to which group is basal with respect to other placentals. These hypotheses are Atlantogenata (basal Boreoeutheria), Epitheria (basal Xenarthra), and Exafroplacentalia (basal Afrotheria). Boreoeutheria in turn contains two major lineages- Euarchontoglires and Laurasiatheria.

question: Through Molecular studies, what was used to suggest new relationships among mammal families? 

answer: DNA analysis

question: During these Molecular studies, which three major groups of mammals shared a common ancestors from the Cretaceous period? 

answer: Afrotheria, Xenarthra, and Boreoeutheria

question: Afrotheria,Xenartha, and Boreoeutheria deprives from which two lineages? 

answer: Euarchontoglires and Laurasiatheria
Title: Mammal
Context: The first amniotes apparently arose in the Late Carboniferous. They descended from earlier reptiliomorph amphibious tetrapods, which lived on land that was already inhabited by insects and other invertebrates as well as by ferns, mosses and other plants. Within a few million years, two important amniote lineages became distinct: the synapsids, which would later include the common ancestor of the mammals; and the sauropsids, which would eventually come to include turtles, lizards, snakes, crocodilians, dinosaurs and birds. Synapsids have a single hole (temporal fenestra) low on each side of the skull.

question: From which period did the first known amniotes arise from? 

answer: Carboniferous

question: From which group did amniotes descendents of? 

answer: reptiliomorph amphibious tetrapods

question: Two important Amniotes  lineages became distinct, what was the name of that distinction? 

answer: the synapsids

question: Sauropsids would later include which other animals into its group? 

answer: turtles, lizards, snakes, crocodilians, dinosaurs and birds

question: What is a distinct trait of Synapsids? 

answer: single hole (temporal fenestra) low on each side of the skull
Title: Mammal
Context: Therapsids descended from pelycosaurs in the Middle Permian, about 265 million years ago, and became the dominant land vertebrates. They differ from basal eupelycosaurs in several features of the skull and jaws, including: larger temporal fenestrae and incisors which are equal in size. The therapsid lineage leading to mammals went through a series of stages, beginning with animals that were very like their pelycosaur ancestors and ending with probainognathian cynodonts, some of which could easily be mistaken for mammals. Those stages were characterized by:

question: From which dinosaur group did Therapsids descend from? 

answer: pelycosaurs

question: Around what time did Therapsids become the dominant land animal? 

answer: 265 million years ago

question: At which group did Therapsids end with? 

answer: probainognathian cynodonts
Title: Mammal
Context: The Permian–Triassic extinction event, which was a prolonged event due to the accumulation of several extinction pulses, ended the dominance of the carnivores among the therapsids. In the early Triassic, all the medium to large land carnivore niches were taken over by archosaurs which, over an extended period of time (35 million years), came to include the crocodylomorphs, the pterosaurs, and the dinosaurs. By the Jurassic, the dinosaurs had come to dominate the large terrestrial herbivore niches as well.

question: What was the name of extinction level event that ended the dominance of the carnivores among therapsids? 

answer: Permian–Triassic

question: During which time period did archosaurs begin to take over as the dominant carnivore? 

answer: Triassic

question: Which three groups did the early Triassic period consist of? 

answer: crocodylomorphs, the pterosaurs, and the dinosaurs

question: During the Jurassic period which group came out as the most dominate for both carnivores and herbivores? 

answer: dinosaurs
Title: Mammal
Context: The oldest known fossil among the Eutheria ("true beasts") is the small shrewlike Juramaia sinensis, or "Jurassic mother from China", dated to 160 million years ago in the Late Jurassic. A later eutherian, Eomaia, dated to 125 million years ago in the Early Cretaceous, possessed some features in common with the marsupials but not with the placentals, evidence that these features were present in the last common ancestor of the two groups but were later lost in the placental lineage. In particular:

question: What is the oldest know fossil among the Eutheria group?  

answer: shrewlike Juramaia sinensis

question: How long ago does oldest know fossil date back to? 

answer: 160 million years ago

question: In what time period did early animals share some features with marsupials? 

answer: 125 million years ago

question: Which lineage were some of these early marsupial features were lost? 

answer: placental