praj-17/QA-MCQ-Open-ended huggingface dataset:
Title: War_on_Terror
Context: In January 2002, the United States Special Operations Command, Pacific deployed to the Philippines to advise and assist the Armed Forces of the Philippines in combating Filipino Islamist groups. The operations were mainly focused on removing the Abu Sayyaf group and Jemaah Islamiyah (JI) from their stronghold on the island of Basilan. The second portion of the operation was conducted as a humanitarian program called "Operation Smiles". The goal of the program was to provide medical care and services to the region of Basilan as part of a "Hearts and Minds" program. Joint Special Operations Task Force – Philippines disbanded in June 2014, ending a 14-year mission. After JSOTF-P disbanded, as late as November 2014, American forces continued to operate in the Philippines under the name "PACOM Augmentation Team".

question: Where did the USSOC Pacific deploy to in Jan 2002? 

answer: Philippines

question: What was the goal of the 2002 Philippines deployment? 

answer: combating Filipino Islamist groups

question: What was the main Filipino Islamist group being attacked? 

answer: Abu Sayyaf

question: What humanitarian effort followed the 2002 military operation in the Philippines? 

answer: Operation Smiles

question: What did Operation Smiles do for the Philippines? 

answer: provide medical care and services to the region of Basilan
Title: War_on_Terror
Context: On 14 September 2009, U.S. Special Forces killed two men and wounded and captured two others near the Somali village of Baarawe. Witnesses claim that helicopters used for the operation launched from French-flagged warships, but that could not be confirmed. A Somali-based al-Qaida affiliated group, the Al-Shabaab, has confirmed the death of "sheik commander" Saleh Ali Saleh Nabhan along with an unspecified number of militants. Nabhan, a Kenyan, was wanted in connection with the 2002 Mombasa attacks.

question: How many people were killed by US Special Forces on Sep 14, 2009? 

answer: two

question: Where was the Sep 14, 2009 action? 

answer: near the Somali village of Baarawe

question: What country's ships did some witnesses say were involved in the Baarawe attack? 

answer: French

question: What Somali group is affiliated with al-Qaeda? 

answer: Al-Shabaab

question: What nationality was Saleh Ali Saleh Nabhan? 

answer: Kenyan
Title: War_on_Terror
Context: The conflict in northern Mali began in January 2012 with radical Islamists (affiliated to al-Qaeda) advancing into northern Mali. The Malian government had a hard time maintaining full control over their country. The fledgling government requested support from the international community on combating the Islamic militants. In January 2013, France intervened on behalf of the Malian government's request and deployed troops into the region. They launched Operation Serval on 11 January 2013, with the hopes of dislodging the al-Qaeda affiliated groups from northern Mali.

question: When did a Mali conflict begin? 

answer: January 2012

question: What group were the Mali radicals affiliated with? 

answer: al-Qaeda

question: When did France provide troops in Mali? 

answer: January 2013

question: What did France call its Mali operation? 

answer: Operation Serval

question: What was Operation Serval's goal? 

answer: dislodging the al-Qaeda affiliated groups from northern Mali
Title: War_on_Terror
Context: Following the ceasefire agreement that suspended hostilities (but not officially ended) in the 1991 Gulf War, the United States and its allies instituted and began patrolling Iraqi no-fly zones, to protect Iraq's Kurdish and Shi'a Arab population—both of which suffered attacks from the Hussein regime before and after the Gulf War—in Iraq's northern and southern regions, respectively. U.S. forces continued in combat zone deployments through November 1995 and launched Operation Desert Fox against Iraq in 1998 after it failed to meet U.S. demands of "unconditional cooperation" in weapons inspections.

question: When did the first Gulf War begin? 

answer: 1991

question: How did the first Gulf War end? 

answer: ceasefire agreement that suspended hostilities (but not officially ended)

question: Who did the US try to protect in Iraq after the first Gulf War? 

answer: Iraq's Kurdish and Shi'a Arab population

question: Which region of Iraq do the Kurds live in? 

answer: northern

question: Which region of Iraq do the Shi'a live in? 

answer: southern
Title: War_on_Terror
Context: The first ground attack came at the Battle of Umm Qasr on 21 March 2003 when a combined force of British, American and Polish forces seized control of the port city of Umm Qasr. Baghdad, Iraq's capital city, fell to American forces in April 2003 and Saddam Hussein's government quickly dissolved. On 1 May 2003, Bush announced that major combat operations in Iraq had ended. However, an insurgency arose against the U.S.-led coalition and the newly developing Iraqi military and post-Saddam government. The insurgency, which included al-Qaeda affiliated groups, led to far more coalition casualties than the invasion. Other elements of the insurgency were led by fugitive members of President Hussein's Ba'ath regime, which included Iraqi nationalists and pan-Arabists. Many insurgency leaders are Islamists and claim to be fighting a religious war to reestablish the Islamic Caliphate of centuries past. Iraq's former president, Saddam Hussein was captured by U.S. forces in December 2003. He was executed in 2006.

question: When was the first ground attack in the post-9/11 Iraq war? 

answer: 21 March 2003

question: Which nationalities worked together in the Battle of Umm Qasr? 

answer: British, American and Polish

question: When did the US capture Baghdad? 

answer: April 2003

question: When did Bush say 'major combat operations' were complete in Iraq? 

answer: 1 May 2003

question: What regime were Hussein loyalists part of? 

answer: Ba'ath
Title: War_on_Terror
Context: In a major split in the ranks of Al Qaeda's organization, the Iraqi franchise, known as Al Qaeda in Iraq covertly invaded Syria and the Levant and began participating in the ongoing Syrian Civil War, gaining enough support and strength to re-invade Iraq's western provinces under the name of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS/ISIL), taking over much of the country in a blitzkrieg-like action and combining the Iraq insurgency and Syrian Civil War into a single conflict. Due to their extreme brutality and a complete change in their overall ideology, Al Qaeda's core organization in Central Asia eventually denounced ISIS and directed their affiliates to cut off all ties with this organization. Many analysts[who?] believe that because of this schism, Al Qaeda and ISIL are now in a competition to retain the title of the world's most powerful terrorist organization.

question: Which civil war did the Iraq branch of Al Qaeda begin fighting in? 

answer: Syrian

question: With support from Syrians, what did the Iraq branch of Al Qaeda rename themselves to? 

answer: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS/ISIL)

question: What part of Iraq did ISIS invade? 

answer: western

question: Who denounced ISIS? 

answer: Al Qaeda's core organization

question: What relationship do Al Qaeda and ISIS now have? 

answer: competition
Title: War_on_Terror
Context: The Obama administration began to reengage in Iraq with a series of airstrikes aimed at ISIS beginning on 10 August 2014. On 9 September 2014 President Obama said that he had the authority he needed to take action to destroy the militant group known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, citing the 2001 Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists, and thus did not require additional approval from Congress. The following day on 10 September 2014 President Barack Obama made a televised speech about ISIL, which he stated "Our objective is clear: We will degrade, and ultimately destroy, ISIL through a comprehensive and sustained counter-terrorism strategy". Obama has authorized the deployment of additional U.S. Forces into Iraq, as well as authorizing direct military operations against ISIL within Syria. On the night of 21/22 September the United States, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, the UAE, Jordan and Qatar started air attacks against ISIS in Syria.[citation needed]

question: When did Obama launch airstrikes on ISIS? 

answer: 10 August 2014

question: What law did Obama cite on Sep 9, 2014? 

answer: the 2001 Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists

question: When did Obama make a speech about ISIS on TV? 

answer: 10 September 2014

question: Which countries worked together to bomb ISIS on Sep 21-22, 2014? 

answer: the United States, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, the UAE, Jordan and Qatar

question: Where were the Sep 21-22 airstrikes? 

answer: Syria
Title: War_on_Terror
Context: Following the 11 September 2001 attacks, former President of Pakistan Pervez Musharraf sided with the U.S. against the Taliban government in Afghanistan after an ultimatum by then U.S. President George W. Bush. Musharraf agreed to give the U.S. the use of three airbases for Operation Enduring Freedom. United States Secretary of State Colin Powell and other U.S. administration officials met with Musharraf. On 19 September 2001, Musharraf addressed the people of Pakistan and stated that, while he opposed military tactics against the Taliban, Pakistan risked being endangered by an alliance of India and the U.S. if it did not cooperate. In 2006, Musharraf testified that this stance was pressured by threats from the U.S., and revealed in his memoirs that he had "war-gamed" the United States as an adversary and decided that it would end in a loss for Pakistan.

question: Which Pakistan president supported the US attacking the Taliban? 

answer: Pervez Musharraf

question: How many Pakistan airbases did Musharraf let the US use? 

answer: three

question: What was the name of the US's Afghanistan operation? 

answer: Operation Enduring Freedom

question: Who was the US Secretary of State in 2001? 

answer: Colin Powell

question: Who said he had 'war-gamed' the US? 

answer: Musharraf
Title: War_on_Terror
Context: On 12 January 2002, Musharraf gave a speech against Islamic extremism. He unequivocally condemned all acts of terrorism and pledged to combat Islamic extremism and lawlessness within Pakistan itself. He stated that his government was committed to rooting out extremism and made it clear that the banned militant organizations would not be allowed to resurface under any new name. He said, "the recent decision to ban extremist groups promoting militancy was taken in the national interest after thorough consultations. It was not taken under any foreign influence".

question: When did Musharraf give an anti-Islamism speech? 

answer: 12 January 2002

question: What did Musharraf say he'd combat? 

answer: Islamic extremism and lawlessness within Pakistan

question: What did Musharraf ban? 

answer: militant organizations

question: What did Musharraf say his ban wasn't influenced by? 

answer: foreign influence
Title: War_on_Terror
Context: In 2002, the Musharraf-led government took a firm stand against the jihadi organizations and groups promoting extremism, and arrested Maulana Masood Azhar, head of the Jaish-e-Mohammed, and Hafiz Muhammad Saeed, chief of the Lashkar-e-Taiba, and took dozens of activists into custody. An official ban was imposed on the groups on 12 January. Later that year, the Saudi born Zayn al-Abidn Muhammed Hasayn Abu Zubaydah was arrested by Pakistani officials during a series of joint U.S.-Pakistan raids. Zubaydah is said to have been a high-ranking al-Qaeda official with the title of operations chief and in charge of running al-Qaeda training camps. Other prominent al-Qaeda members were arrested in the following two years, namely Ramzi bin al-Shibh, who is known to have been a financial backer of al-Qaeda operations, and Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, who at the time of his capture was the third highest-ranking official in al-Qaeda and had been directly in charge of the planning for the 11 September attacks.

question: When did Musharraf arrest Maulana Masood Azhar? 

answer: 2002

question: What group did Maulana Masood Azhar lead? 

answer: Jaish-e-Mohammed

question: What group did Hafiz Muhammad Saeed lead? 

answer: Lashkar-e-Taiba

question: What nationality is Zayn al-Abidn Muhammed Hasayn Abu Zubaydah? 

answer: Saudi

question: Which third-highest-ranking al-Qaeda officer was captured? 

answer: Khalid Sheikh Mohammed
Title: War_on_Terror
Context: The use of drones by the Central Intelligence Agency in Pakistan to carry out operations associated with the Global War on Terror sparks debate over sovereignty and the laws of war. The U.S. Government uses the CIA rather than the U.S. Air Force for strikes in Pakistan in order to avoid breaching sovereignty through military invasion. The United States was criticized by[according to whom?] a report on drone warfare and aerial sovereignty for abusing the term 'Global War on Terror' to carry out military operations through government agencies without formally declaring war.

question: What controversial technology did the US use in Pakistan? 

answer: drones

question: Which US agency runs its drones in Pakistan? 

answer: the Central Intelligence Agency

question: Why did the US use the CIA instead of the Air Force to run drones? 

answer: to avoid breaching sovereignty through military invasion

question: Abuse of what term allowed a lack of a formal war declaration? 

answer: Global War on Terror
Title: War_on_Terror
Context: In a 'Letter to American People' written by Osama bin Laden in 2002, he stated that one of the reasons he was fighting America is because of its support of India on the Kashmir issue. While on a trip to Delhi in 2002, U.S. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld suggested that Al-Qaeda was active in Kashmir, though he did not have any hard evidence. An investigation in 2002 unearthed evidence that Al-Qaeda and its affiliates were prospering in Pakistan-administered Kashmir with tacit approval of Pakistan's National Intelligence agency Inter-Services Intelligence. A team of Special Air Service and Delta Force was sent into Indian-administered Kashmir in 2002 to hunt for Osama bin Laden after reports that he was being sheltered by the Kashmiri militant group Harkat-ul-Mujahideen. U.S. officials believed that Al-Qaeda was helping organize a campaign of terror in Kashmir in order to provoke conflict between India and Pakistan. Fazlur Rehman Khalil, the leader of the Harkat-ul-Mujahideen, signed al-Qaeda's 1998 declaration of holy war, which called on Muslims to attack all Americans and their allies. Indian sources claimed that In 2006, Al-Qaeda claimed they had established a wing in Kashmir; this worried the Indian government. India also claimed that Al-Qaeda has strong ties with the Kashmir militant groups Lashkar-e-Taiba and Jaish-e-Mohammed in Pakistan. While on a visit to Pakistan in January 2010, U.S. Defense secretary Robert Gates stated that Al-Qaeda was seeking to destabilize the region and planning to provoke a nuclear war between India and Pakistan.

question: Who wrote 'Letter to American People' in 2002? 

answer: Osama bin Laden

question: Who was the US Secretary of Defense in 2002? 

answer: Donald Rumsfeld

question: Which group did Rumsfeld think was active in Kashmir? 

answer: Al-Qaeda

question: What teams hunted for Bin Laden in Kashmir in 2002? 

answer: Special Air Service and Delta Force

question: Who led the Harkat-ul-Mujahideen? 

answer: Fazlur Rehman Khalil
Title: War_on_Terror
Context: In September 2009, a U.S. Drone strike reportedly killed Ilyas Kashmiri, who was the chief of Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami, a Kashmiri militant group associated with Al-Qaeda. Kashmiri was described by Bruce Riedel as a 'prominent' Al-Qaeda member, while others described him as the head of military operations for Al-Qaeda. Waziristan had now become the new battlefield for Kashmiri militants, who were now fighting NATO in support of Al-Qaeda. On 8 July 2012, Al-Badar Mujahideen, a breakaway faction of Kashmir centric terror group Hizbul Mujahideen, on conclusion of their two-day Shuhada Conference called for mobilisation of resources for continuation of jihad in Kashmir.

question: Who did a US drone kill in Sep 2009? 

answer: Ilyas Kashmiri

question: What group did Ilyas Kashmiri lead? 

answer: Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami

question: After 2009, who began fighting in Waziristan? 

answer: Kashmiri militants

question: What group did Al-Badar Mujahideen break away from? 

answer: Hizbul Mujahideen

question: What did Al-Badar Mujahideen call for in 2012? 

answer: mobilisation of resources for continuation of jihad in Kashmir
Title: War_on_Terror
Context: In the following months, NATO took a wide range of measures to respond to the threat of terrorism. On 22 November 2002, the member states of the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC) decided on a Partnership Action Plan against Terrorism, which explicitly states, "EAPC States are committed to the protection and promotion of fundamental freedoms and human rights, as well as the rule of law, in combating terrorism." NATO started naval operations in the Mediterranean Sea designed to prevent the movement of terrorists or weapons of mass destruction as well as to enhance the security of shipping in general called Operation Active Endeavour.

question: Who declared the Partnership Action Plan against Terrorism? 

answer: member states of the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council

question: When was the Partnership Action Plan against Terrorism announced? 

answer: 22 November 2002

question: Where did NATO begin naval operations after 2002? 

answer: the Mediterranean Sea

question: What was NATO's operation in the Mediterranean called? 

answer: Operation Active Endeavour
Title: War_on_Terror
Context: Support for the U.S. cooled when America made clear its determination to invade Iraq in late 2002. Even so, many of the "coalition of the willing" countries that unconditionally supported the U.S.-led military action have sent troops to Afghanistan, particular neighboring Pakistan, which has disowned its earlier support for the Taliban and contributed tens of thousands of soldiers to the conflict. Pakistan was also engaged in the War in North-West Pakistan (Waziristan War). Supported by U.S. intelligence, Pakistan was attempting to remove the Taliban insurgency and al-Qaeda element from the northern tribal areas.

question: What were the countries who supported the US's post-9/11 invasions called? 

answer: the "coalition of the willing"

question: Which country disavowed the Taliban? 

answer: Pakistan

question: How many soldiers did Pakistan contribute to fight the Taliban? 

answer: tens of thousands

question: Where in Pakistan is Waziristan? 

answer: North-West

question: Where did Pakistan try to remove the Taliban and Al-Qaeda? 

answer: northern tribal areas
Title: War_on_Terror
Context: The British 16th Air Assault Brigade (later reinforced by Royal Marines) formed the core of the force in southern Afghanistan, along with troops and helicopters from Australia, Canada and the Netherlands. The initial force consisted of roughly 3,300 British, 2,000 Canadian, 1,400 from the Netherlands and 240 from Australia, along with special forces from Denmark and Estonia and small contingents from other nations. The monthly supply of cargo containers through Pakistani route to ISAF in Afghanistan is over 4,000 costing around 12 billion in Pakistani Rupees.

question: What was the primary fighting force in southern Afghanistan? 

answer: The British 16th Air Assault Brigade

question: Which nations besides the UK contributed significantly to the southern Afghanistan fight? 

answer: Australia, Canada and the Netherlands

question: How many troops did Canada send initially? 

answer: 2,000

question: How many troops did Australia send initially? 

answer: 240

question: How many troops did the Netherlands send initially? 

answer: 1,400
Title: War_on_Terror
Context: In addition to military efforts abroad, in the aftermath of 9/11 the Bush Administration increased domestic efforts to prevent future attacks. Various government bureaucracies that handled security and military functions were reorganized. A new cabinet-level agency called the United States Department of Homeland Security was created in November 2002 to lead and coordinate the largest reorganization of the U.S. federal government since the consolidation of the armed forces into the Department of Defense.[citation needed]

question: What new agency did Bush create after 9/11? 

answer: Department of Homeland Security

question: When was the DHS created? 

answer: November 2002

question: What other massive agency's creation was the DHS compared to? 

answer: the Department of Defense

question: What did the DHS focus on? 

answer: domestic efforts to prevent future attacks
Title: War_on_Terror
Context: The USA PATRIOT Act of October 2001 dramatically reduces restrictions on law enforcement agencies' ability to search telephone, e-mail communications, medical, financial, and other records; eases restrictions on foreign intelligence gathering within the United States; expands the Secretary of the Treasury's authority to regulate financial transactions, particularly those involving foreign individuals and entities; and broadens the discretion of law enforcement and immigration authorities in detaining and deporting immigrants suspected of terrorism-related acts. The act also expanded the definition of terrorism to include domestic terrorism, thus enlarging the number of activities to which the USA PATRIOT Act's expanded law enforcement powers could be applied. A new Terrorist Finance Tracking Program monitored the movements of terrorists' financial resources (discontinued after being revealed by The New York Times). Global telecommunication usage, including those with no links to terrorism, is being collected and monitored through the NSA electronic surveillance program. The Patriot Act is still in effect.

question: When was the Patriot Act passed? 

answer: October 2001

question: What did the Patriot Act make it easier for law enforcement to search? 

answer: telephone, e-mail communications, medical, financial, and other records

question: What did the Patriot Act make it easier to do to immigrants? 

answer: detaining and deporting immigrants suspected of terrorism-related acts

question: How was the definition of terrorism expanded by the Patriot Act? 

answer: to include domestic terrorism

question: Which newspaper revealed the Terrorist Finance Tracking Program? 

answer: The New York Times
Title: War_on_Terror
Context: Political interest groups have stated that these laws remove important restrictions on governmental authority, and are a dangerous encroachment on civil liberties, possible unconstitutional violations of the Fourth Amendment. On 30 July 2003, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) filed the first legal challenge against Section 215 of the Patriot Act, claiming that it allows the FBI to violate a citizen's First Amendment rights, Fourth Amendment rights, and right to due process, by granting the government the right to search a person's business, bookstore, and library records in a terrorist investigation, without disclosing to the individual that records were being searched. Also, governing bodies in a number of communities have passed symbolic resolutions against the act.

question: When did the ACLU first challenge the Patriot Act? 

answer: 30 July 2003

question: What rights did the ACLU say the Patriot Act violated? 

answer: First Amendment rights, Fourth Amendment rights, and right to due process

question: What did Section 215 of the Patriot Act allow the FBI to search? 

answer: a person's business, bookstore, and library records

question: Who passed symbolic resolutions against the Patriot Act? 

answer: governing bodies in a number of communities