praj-17/QA-MCQ-Open-ended huggingface dataset:
Title: Utrecht
Context: A large indoor shopping centre Hoog Catharijne (nl) is located between Utrecht Centraal railway station and the city centre. The corridors are treated as public places like streets, and the route between the station and the city centre is open all night. In 20 years from 2004, parts of Hoog Catharijne will be redeveloped as part of the renovation of the larger station area. Parts of the city's network of canals, which were filled to create the shopping center and central station area, will be recreated. The Jaarbeurs, one of the largest convention centres in the Netherlands, is located at the west side of the central railway station.

question: What is the name of the large shopping center  

answer: Hoog Catharijne

question: how are the shopping center corridors treated  

answer: The corridors are treated as public places like streets, and the route between the station and the city centre is open all night

question: What is being recreated  

answer: Parts of the city's network of canals, which were filled to create the shopping center and central station area, will be recreated

question: what is located on the west side of the rail station 

answer: The Jaarbeurs, one of the largest convention centres in the Netherlands, is located at the west side of the central railway station
Title: Utrecht
Context: Utrecht hosts several large institutions of higher education. The most prominent of these is Utrecht University (est. 1636), the largest university of the Netherlands with 30,449 students (as of 2012). The university is partially based in the inner city as well as in the Uithof campus area, to the east of the city. According to Shanghai Jiaotong University's university ranking in 2014 it is the 57th best university in the world. Utrecht also houses the much smaller University of Humanistic Studies, which houses about 400 students.

question: What is the largest University in the city  

answer: The most prominent of these is Utrecht University (est. 1636), the largest university of the Netherlands with 30,449 students

question: what is shanghai jiaotong rated  

answer: According to Shanghai Jiaotong University's university ranking in 2014 it is the 57th best university in the world

question: What smaller university is in Utrecht 

answer: Utrecht also houses the much smaller University of Humanistic Studies, which houses about 400 students.
Title: Utrecht
Context: Utrecht city has an active cultural life, and in the Netherlands is second only to Amsterdam. There are several theatres and theatre companies. The 1941 main city theatre was built by Dudok. Besides theatres there is a large number of cinemas including three arthouse cinemas. Utrecht is host to the international Early Music Festival (Festival Oude Muziek, for music before 1800) and the Netherlands Film Festival. The city has an important classical music hall Vredenburg (1979 by Herman Hertzberger). Its acoustics are considered among the best of the 20th-century original music halls.[citation needed] The original Vredenburg music hall has been redeveloped as part of the larger station area redevelopment plan and in 2014 has gained additional halls that allowed its merger with the rock club Tivoli and the SJU jazzpodium. There are several other venues for music throughout the city. Young musicians are educated in the conservatory, a department of the Utrecht School of the Arts. There is a specialised museum of automatically playing musical instruments.

question: Cultural life in Utrecht is second to  

answer: Utrecht city has an active cultural life, and in the Netherlands is second only to Amsterdam

question: What music festival does Utrecht host  

answer: Utrecht is host to the international Early Music Festival (Festival Oude Muziek, for music before 1800) and the Netherlands Film Festival

question: What is the name of the music hall  

answer: The city has an important classical music hall Vredenburg

question: Where are music students educated  

answer: Young musicians are educated in the conservatory, a department of the Utrecht School of the Arts
Title: Utrecht
Context: There are many art galleries in Utrecht. There are also several foundations to support art and artists. Training of artists is done at the Utrecht School of the Arts. The Centraal Museum has many exhibitions on the arts, including a permanent exhibition on the works of Utrecht resident illustrator Dick Bruna, who is best known for creating Miffy ("Nijntje", in Dutch). Although street art is illegal in Utrecht, the Utrechtse Kabouter, a picture of a gnome with a red hat, became a common sight in 2004. Utrecht also houses one of the landmarks of modern architecture, the 1924 Rietveld Schröder House, which is listed on UNESCO's world heritage sites.

question: Where are young artist trained  

answer: Training of artists is done at the Utrecht School of the Arts

question: Is street art legal  

answer: Although street art is illegal in Utrecht

question: What is considered landmark Architecture  

answer: 1924 Rietveld Schröder House, which is listed on UNESCO's world heritage sites
Title: Utrecht
Context: To promote culture Utrecht city organizes cultural Sundays. During a thematic Sunday several organisations create a program, which is open to everyone without, or with a very much reduced, admission fee. There are also initiatives for amateur artists. The city subsidises an organisation for amateur education in arts aimed at all inhabitants (Utrechts Centrum voor de Kunsten), as does the university for its staff and students. Additionally there are also several private initiatives. The city council provides coupons for discounts to inhabitants who receive welfare to be used with many of the initiatives.

question: What does the city host on Sundays  

answer: To promote culture Utrecht city organizes cultural Sundays

question: What happens on Cultural Sunday  

answer: thematic Sunday several organisations create a program, which is open to everyone without, or with a very much reduced, admission fee

question: What does the city subsidise 

answer: an organisation for amateur education in arts aimed at all inhabitants (Utrechts Centrum voor de Kunsten

question: What type of coupon does the city provide the poor  

answer: The city council provides coupons for discounts to inhabitants who receive welfare to be used with many of the initiatives.
Title: Utrecht
Context: Utrecht is home to the premier league (professional) football club FC Utrecht, which plays in Stadium Nieuw Galgenwaard. It is also the home of Kampong, the largest (amateur) sportsclub in the Netherlands (4,500 members), SV Kampong. Kampong features fieldhockey, soccer, cricket, tennis, squash and jeu de boules. Kampong's men and women top hockey squads play in the highest Dutch hockey league, the Rabohoofdklasse.Utrecht is also home to the baseball and Sofball club: UVV which plays in the highest Dutch baseball league: de Hoofdklasse. Utrecht's waterways are used by several rowing clubs. Viking is a large club open to the general public, and the student clubs Orca and Triton compete in the Varsity each year.

question: What football team is Utrecht home to 

answer: Utrecht is home to the premier league (professional) football club FC Utrecht

question: What Utrecht waterways host to  

answer: Utrecht's waterways are used by several rowing clubs

question: What is kampong  

answer: Kampong, the largest (amateur) sportsclub in the Netherlands (4,500 members)

question: What sports does Kampong support  

answer: Kampong features fieldhockey, soccer, cricket, tennis, squash and jeu de boules.
Title: John_von_Neumann
Context: John von Neumann (/vɒn ˈnɔɪmən/; Hungarian: Neumann János Lajos, pronounced [ˈnɒjmɒn ˈjaːnoʃ ˈlɒjoʃ]; December 28, 1903 – February 8, 1957) was a Hungarian-American pure and applied mathematician, physicist, inventor, computer scientist, and polymath. He made major contributions to a number of fields, including mathematics (foundations of mathematics, functional analysis, ergodic theory, geometry, topology, and numerical analysis), physics (quantum mechanics, hydrodynamics, fluid dynamics and quantum statistical mechanics), economics (game theory), computing (Von Neumann architecture, linear programming, self-replicating machines, stochastic computing), and statistics.

question: What is John von Neumann's nationality? 

answer: Hungarian

question: When was John von Neumann born? 

answer: December 28, 1903

question: When did John von Neumann die? 

answer: February 8, 1957

question: What was John von Neumann's major contribution to economics? 

answer: game theory

question: What computing structure is named after John von Neumann? 

answer: Von Neumann architecture

question: What was the birth date of John Von Neumann? 

answer: December 28, 1903

question: When did John Von Neuman die? 

answer: February 8, 1957

question: What were the occupations that Von Neuman held? 

answer: pure and applied mathematician, physicist, inventor, computer scientist, and polymath

question: What were Von Neuman's contributions to the field of computing? 

answer: Von Neumann architecture, linear programming, self-replicating machines, stochastic computing
Title: John_von_Neumann
Context: He was a pioneer of the application of operator theory to quantum mechanics, in the development of functional analysis, a principal member of the Manhattan Project and the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton (as one of the few originally appointed), and a key figure in the development of game theory and the concepts of cellular automata, the universal constructor and the digital computer. He published 150 papers in his life; 60 in pure mathematics, 20 in physics, and 60 in applied mathematics. His last work, an unfinished manuscript written while in the hospital, was later published in book form as The Computer and the Brain.

question: How many papers did Von Neumann publish? 

answer: 150

question: What is the name of Von Neumann's last work? 

answer: The Computer and the Brain

question: What high profile controversial project was Von Neumann a prinipal of? 

answer: Manhattan Project

question: Of his published works, what topics were they covering? 

answer: 60 in pure mathematics, 20 in physics, and 60 in applied mathematics
Title: John_von_Neumann
Context: Von Neumann's mathematical analysis of the structure of self-replication preceded the discovery of the structure of DNA. In a short list of facts about his life he submitted to the National Academy of Sciences, he stated "The part of my work I consider most essential is that on quantum mechanics, which developed in Göttingen in 1926, and subsequently in Berlin in 1927–1929. Also, my work on various forms of operator theory, Berlin 1930 and Princeton 1935–1939; on the ergodic theorem, Princeton, 1931–1932."

question: Von Neumann's study of what preceded the discovery of DNA? 

answer: mathematical analysis of the structure of self-replication

question: What part of his work did Von Neumann consider to be his most important? 

answer: quantum mechanics

question: Where was quantum mechanics developed? 

answer: Göttingen

question: What work did Von Nemann do in Berlin in 1930 and Princeton 1935 - 39? 

answer: operator theory

question: What was the topic of Von Neumann's work at Princeton in 1931 - 32? 

answer: ergodic theorem
Title: John_von_Neumann
Context: During World War II he worked on the Manhattan Project with J. Robert Oppenheimer and Edward Teller, developing the mathematical models behind the explosive lenses used in the implosion-type nuclear weapon. After the war, he served on the General Advisory Committee of the United States Atomic Energy Commission, and later as one of its commissioners. He was a consultant to a number of organizations, including the United States Air Force, the Armed Forces Special Weapons Project, and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Along with theoretical physicist Edward Teller, mathematician Stanislaw Ulam, and others, he worked out key steps in the nuclear physics involved in thermonuclear reactions and the hydrogen bomb.

question: With whom did Von Neumann work on the Manhattan Project? 

answer: J. Robert Oppenheimer and Edward Teller

question: Post World War II, in what role did Von Neumann work? 

answer: General Advisory Committee of the United States Atomic Energy Commission

question: For what organizations was Von Neumann a consultant after World War II? 

answer: United States Air Force, the Armed Forces Special Weapons Project, and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

question: What keys steps did Von Neumann work out that contributed to weapons of war? 

answer: key steps in the nuclear physics involved in thermonuclear reactions and the hydrogen bomb
Title: John_von_Neumann
Context: Von Neumann was born Neumann János Lajos (in Hungarian the family name comes first), Hebrew name Yonah, in Budapest, Kingdom of Hungary, which was then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, to wealthy Jewish parents of the Haskalah. He was the eldest of three children. He had two younger brothers: Michael, born in 1907, and Nicholas, who was born in 1911. His father, Neumann Miksa (Max Neumann) was a banker, who held a doctorate in law. He had moved to Budapest from Pécs at the end of the 1880s. Miksa's father and grandfather were both born in Ond (now part of the town of Szerencs), Zemplén County, northern Hungary. John's mother was Kann Margit (Margaret Kann); her parents were Jakab Kann and Katalin Meisels. Three generations of the Kann family lived in spacious apartments above the Kann-Heller offices in Budapest; von Neumann's family occupied an 18-room apartment on the top floor.

question: Where was Von Neumann born? 

answer: Budapest

question: Did Von Neumann have any siblings? 

answer: two younger brothers

question: What occupation did Von Neumann father hold? 

answer: banker

question: When did Von Neuman's father move from Pecs to Budapest? 

answer: end of the 1880s

question: What was Von Neumann's mother's name? 

answer: Kann Margit
Title: John_von_Neumann
Context: In 1913, his father was elevated to the nobility for his service to the Austro-Hungarian Empire by Emperor Franz Joseph. The Neumann family thus acquired the hereditary appellation Margittai, meaning of Marghita. The family had no connection with the town; the appellation was chosen in reference to Margaret, as was those chosen coat of arms depicting three marguerites. Neumann János became Margittai Neumann János (John Neumann of Marghita), which he later changed to the German Johann von Neumann.

question: In what year was Von Neumann's father elevated to nobility? 

answer: 1913

question: What Emperor elevated Von Neumann's father to nobility? 

answer: Emperor Franz Joseph

question: What town did Von Neumann's family become associated when elevated to nobility? 

answer: Marghita

question: What was Von Neumann's given name as member of Austro-Hungarian nobility? 

answer: Margittai Neumann János
Title: John_von_Neumann
Context: Formal schooling did not start in Hungary until the age of ten. Instead, governesses taught von Neumann, his brothers and his cousins. Max believed that knowledge of languages other than Hungarian was essential, so the children were tutored in English, French, German and Italian. By the age of 8, von Neumann was familiar with differential and integral calculus, but he was particularly interested in history, reading his way through Wilhelm Oncken's Allgemeine Geschichte in Einzeldarstellungen. A copy was contained in a private library Max purchased. One of the rooms in the apartment was converted into a library and reading room, with bookshelves from ceiling to floor.

question: At what age did schooling begin in Hungary? 

answer: ten

question: Who taught children before they began school in Hungary? 

answer: governesses

question: What languages were Von Neumann and his siblings taught? 

answer: English, French, German and Italian

question: At what age was Von Neumann familiar with calculus? 

answer: 8
Title: John_von_Neumann
Context: Von Neumann entered the Lutheran Fasori Evangelikus Gimnázium in 1911. This was one of the best schools in Budapest, part of a brilliant education system designed for the elite. Under the Hungarian system, children received all their education at the one gymnasium. Despite being run by the Lutheran Church, the majority of its pupils were Jewish. The school system produced a generation noted for intellectual achievement, that included Theodore von Kármán (b. 1881), George de Hevesy (b. 1885), Leó Szilárd (b. 1898), Eugene Wigner (b. 1902), Edward Teller (b. 1908), and Paul Erdős (b. 1913). Collectively, they were sometimes known as Martians. Wigner was a year ahead of von Neumann at the Lutheran School. When asked why the Hungary of his generation had produced so many geniuses, Wigner, who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1963, replied that von Neumann was the only genius.

question: What did Von Neumann enter in 1911? 

answer: Lutheran Fasori Evangelikus Gimnázium

question: In what room did children get education in Hungary? 

answer: gymnasium

question: What collective name was given to the generation of scholars produced by the Hungarian school system? 

answer: Martians

question: In what year did Wigner win Nobel Prize? 

answer: 1963
Title: John_von_Neumann
Context: Although Max insisted von Neumann attend school at the grade level appropriate to his age, he agreed to hire private tutors to give him advanced instruction in those areas in which he had displayed an aptitude. At the age of 15, he began to study advanced calculus under the renowned analyst Gábor Szegő. On their first meeting, Szegő was so astounded with the boy's mathematical talent that he was brought to tears. Some of von Neumann's instant solutions to the problems in calculus posed by Szegő, sketched out on his father's stationery, are still on display at the von Neumann archive in Budapest. By the age of 19, von Neumann had published two major mathematical papers, the second of which gave the modern definition of ordinal numbers, which superseded Georg Cantor's definition. At the conclusion of his education at the gymnasium, von Neumann sat for and won the Eötvös Prize, a national prize for mathematics.

question: At what age did Von Neumann begin to study advance calculus? 

answer: 15

question: Who did Von Neumann begin his studies of advanced calculus under? 

answer: Gábor Szegő

question: By 19 how many papers had Von Neumann published? 

answer: two major mathematical papers

question: Von Neumann's modern definition of ordinal numbers superseded whose definition? 

answer: Georg Cantor

question: What prize did Von Neuman win at the conclusion of his gymansium formal education? 

answer: Eötvös Prize, a national prize for mathematics
Title: John_von_Neumann
Context: Since there were few posts in Hungary for mathematicians, and those were not well-paid, his father wanted von Neumann to follow him into industry and therefore invest his time in a more financially useful endeavor than mathematics. So it was decided that the best career path was to become a chemical engineer. This was not something that von Neumann had much knowledge of, so it was arranged for him to take a two-year non-degree course in chemistry at the University of Berlin, after which he sat the entrance exam to the prestigious ETH Zurich, which he passed in September 1923. At the same time, von Neumann also entered Pázmány Péter University in Budapest, as a Ph.D. candidate in mathematics. For his thesis, he chose to produce an axiomatization of Cantor's set theory. He passed his final examinations for his Ph.D. soon after graduating from ETH Zurich in 1926. He then went to the University of Göttingen on a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation to study mathematics under David Hilbert.

question: What career path was decided upon for Von Neuman? 

answer: chemical engineer

question: At what university was it arranged for Von Neumann to enter a chemistry program? 

answer: University of Berlin

question: Where did Von Neumann study as a PHD candidate? 

answer: Pázmány Péter University in Budapest

question: What was the topic of Von Neuman's thesis? 

answer: axiomatization of Cantor's set theory
Title: John_von_Neumann
Context: Von Neumann's habilitation was completed on December 13, 1927, and he started his lectures as a privatdozent at the University of Berlin in 1928. By the end of 1927, von Neumann had published twelve major papers in mathematics, and by the end of 1929, thirty-two papers, at a rate of nearly one major paper per month. His reputed powers of speedy, massive memorization and recall allowed him to recite volumes of information, and even entire directories, with ease. In 1929, he briefly became a privatdozent at the University of Hamburg, where the prospects of becoming a tenured professor were better, but in October of that year a better offer presented itself when he was invited to Princeton University in Princeton, New Jersey.

question: Where did Von Neumann begin to lecture in 1928? 

answer: University of Berlin

question: By the end of 1927 how many papers had Von Neuman written? 

answer: twelve major papers in mathematics

question: How many papers had Von Neumann written by 1929? 

answer: thirty-two papers

question: What better offer came for Von Neumann in 1930? 

answer: Princeton University
Title: John_von_Neumann
Context: On New Year's Day in 1930, von Neumann married Mariette Kövesi, who had studied economics at the Budapest University. Before his marriage he was baptized a Catholic. Max had died in 1929. None of the family had converted to Christianity while he was alive, but afterwards they all did. They had one child, a daughter, Marina, who is now a distinguished professor of business administration and public policy at the University of Michigan. The couple divorced in 1937. In October 1938, von Neumann married Klara Dan, whom he had met during his last trips back to Budapest prior to the outbreak of World War II.

question: When did Von Neumann get married? 

answer: New Year's Day in 1930

question: What was Von Neumann's wife's name? 

answer: Mariette Kövesi

question: Before marriage what faith did Von Neumann join? 

answer: he was baptized a Catholic.

question: What was Von Neumann's child's name? 

answer: Marina

question: When did Von Neumann get married for a second time? 

answer: October 1938
Title: John_von_Neumann
Context: In 1933, von Neumann was offered a lifetime professorship on the faculty of the Institute for Advanced Study when the institute's plan to appoint Hermann Weyl fell through. He remained a mathematics professor there until his death, although he announced that shortly before his intention to resign and become a professor at large at the University of California. His mother, brothers and in-laws followed John to the United States in 1939. Von Neumann anglicized his first name to John, keeping the German-aristocratic surname of von Neumann. His brothers changed theirs to "Neumann" and "Vonneumann". Von Neumann became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1937, and immediately tried to become a lieutenant in the United States Army's Officers Reserve Corps. He passed the exams easily, but was ultimately rejected because of his age. His prewar analysis is often quoted. Asked about how France would stand up to Germany he said "Oh, France won't matter."

question: In what year was Von Neumann offered a lifetime professorship?  

answer: 1933

question: In what year did Von Neumann's mother and siblings join him in U.S? 

answer: 1939

question: In what year did Von Neumann become a naturalized citizen of US? 

answer: 1937

question: Why was Neuman rejected from joining US Army? 

answer: age