praj-17/QA-MCQ-Open-ended huggingface dataset:
Title: Mexico_City
Context: In 1980 half of all the industrial jobs in Mexico were located in Mexico City. Under relentless growth, the Mexico City government could barely keep up with services. Villagers from the countryside who continued to pour into the city to escape poverty only compounded the city's problems. With no housing available, they took over lands surrounding the city, creating huge shantytowns that extended for many miles. This caused serious air pollution in Mexico City and water pollution problems, as well as subsidence due to overextraction of groundwater. Air and water pollution has been contained and improved in several areas due to government programs, the renovation of vehicles and the modernization of public transportation.

question: How many of the industrial jobs in the county were based in Mexico City in the late 20th century? 

answer: half

question: What did the countryside workers make to live in?  

answer: shantytowns

question: What did the shantytowns create? 

answer: serious air pollution
Title: Mexico_City
Context: On Thursday, September 19, 1985, at 7:19 am local time, Mexico City was struck by an earthquake of magnitude 8.1 on the Richter scale. Although this earthquake was not as deadly or destructive as many similar events in Asia and other parts of Latin America, it proved to be a disaster politically for the one-party government. The government was paralyzed by its own bureaucracy and corruption, forcing ordinary citizens to create and direct their own rescue efforts and to reconstruct much of the housing that was lost as well.

question: What day of the week did the major earthquake strike Mexico City? 

answer: Thursday

question: How strong was the powerful earthquake that hit Mexico City in 1985? 

answer: 8.1 on the Richter scale

question: What month did the 8.1 earthquake hit Mexico City in 1985? 

answer: September

question: Why did the one-party government struggle after the major earthquake in 1985? 

answer: paralyzed by its own bureaucracy and corruption

question: Who led the rescue effort after the earthquake of 1985? 

answer: ordinary citizens
Title: Mexico_City
Context: Mexico City is located in the Valley of Mexico, sometimes called the Basin of Mexico. This valley is located in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt in the high plateaus of south-central Mexico. It has a minimum altitude of 2,200 meters (7,200 feet) above sea level and is surrounded by mountains and volcanoes that reach elevations of over 5,000 metres (16,000 feet). This valley has no natural drainage outlet for the waters that flow from the mountainsides, making the city vulnerable to flooding. Drainage was engineered through the use of canals and tunnels starting in the 17th century.

question: What is the minimum height in meters of the region Mexico City is located in? 

answer: 2,200

question: Where is Mexico City located? 

answer: Valley of Mexico

question: How high do the mountains get in Mexico City's region? 

answer: 5,000 metres (16,000 feet)

question: Why is Mexico City vulnerable to flooding? 

answer: no natural drainage outlet for the waters that flow from the mountainsides

question: How does the city prevent flooding? 

answer: canals and tunnels
Title: Mexico_City
Context: Mexico city primarily rests on what was Lake Texcoco. Seismic activity is frequent here. Lake Texcoco was drained starting from the 17th century. Although none of the lake waters remain, the city rests on the lake bed's heavily saturated clay. This soft base is collapsing due to the over-extraction of groundwater, called groundwater-related subsidence. Since the beginning of the 20th century the city has sunk as much as nine metres (30 feet) in some areas. This sinking is causing problems with runoff and wastewater management, leading to flooding problems, especially during the rainy season. The entire lake bed is now paved over and most of the city's remaining forested areas lie in the southern boroughs of Milpa Alta, Tlalpan and Xochimilco.

question: When did draining of Lake Texcoco begin? 

answer: 17th century

question: How much water is there, approximately, in the lake Mexico City is on? 

answer: none

question: How much has the city fallen? 

answer: as much as nine metres (30 feet)

question: What does Mexico City rest on? 

answer: Lake Texcoco

question: Where are most of the trees located in Mexico City? 

answer: southern boroughs
Title: Mexico_City
Context: The area receives about 820 millimetres (32.3 in) of annual rainfall, which is concentrated from June through September/October with little or no precipitation the remainder of the year. The area has two main seasons. The rainy season runs from June to October when winds bring in tropical moisture from the sea. The dry season runs from November to May, when the air is relatively drier. This dry season subdivides into a cold period and a warm period. The cold period spans from November to February when polar air masses push down from the north and keep the air fairly dry. The warm period extends from March to May when tropical winds again dominate but do not yet carry enough moisture for rain.

question: How much rain falls on Mexico City? 

answer: 820 millimetres (32.3 in)

question: When is it warm, yet does not rain? 

answer: March to May

question: When does the majority of the rain fall in Mexico City? 

answer: June to October

question: When is it coldest in Mexico City? 

answer: November to February

question: What mostly controls the rain in Mexico City? 

answer: tropical winds
Title: Mexico_City
Context: Originally much of the valley laid beneath the waters of Lake Texcoco, a system of interconnected salt and freshwater lakes. The Aztecs built dikes to separate the fresh water used to raise crops in chinampas and to prevent recurrent floods. These dikes were destroyed during the siege of Tenochtitlan, and during colonial times the Spanish regularly drained the lake to prevent floods. Only a small section of the original lake remains, located outside the Federal District, in the municipality of Atenco, State of Mexico.

question: What happened to the dikes the Aztecs built? 

answer: destroyed during the siege of Tenochtitlan

question: Where does the lake still remain? 

answer: municipality of Atenco, State of Mexico

question: Who first built the dikes in Lake Texcoco? 

answer: The Aztecs

question: What made up Lake Texcoco? 

answer: a system of interconnected salt and freshwater lakes

question: Where is the lake located in Atenco? 

answer: Federal District
Title: Mexico_City
Context: By the 1990s Mexico City had become infamous as one of the world's most polluted cities; however the city has become a model for dramatically lowering pollution levels. By 2014 carbon monoxide pollution had dropped dramatically, while levels of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide were nearly three times lower than in 1992. The levels of signature pollutants in Mexico City are similar to those of Los Angeles.[citation needed] Despite the cleanup, the metropolitan area is still the most ozone-polluted part of the country, with ozone levels 2.5 times beyond WHO-defined safe limits.

question: How bad is the ozone in Mexico City? 

answer: 2.5 times beyond WHO-defined safe limits

question: Carbon Monoxide levels are about 3 times lower now than in what year? 

answer: 1992

question: What city is similar to Mexico City in terms of pollution? 

answer: Los Angeles

question: When Mexico one of the worst cities in terms of pollution?  

answer: 1990s

question: Who decides safe levels of o-zone in cities? 

answer: WHO
Title: Mexico_City
Context: To clean up pollution, the federal and local governments implemented numerous plans including the constant monitoring and reporting of environmental conditions, such as ozone and nitrogen oxides. When the levels of these two pollutants reached critical levels, contingency actions were implemented which included closing factories, changing school hours, and extending the A day without a car program to two days of the week. The government also instituted industrial technology improvements, a strict biannual vehicle emission inspection and the reformulation of gasoline and diesel fuels. The introduction of Metrobús bus rapid transit and the Ecobici bike-sharing were among efforts to encourage alternate, greener forms of transportation.

question: What is the bus system called in Mexico City? 

answer: Metrobús

question: What is the bike-sharing program called in Mexico City? 

answer: Ecobici

question: How many days a week does the city encourage people to go without a car? 

answer: two days

question: What pollutants does the city closely monitor? 

answer: ozone and nitrogen oxides

question: How often do citizens need to get their cars examined? 

answer: biannual
Title: Mexico_City
Context: The Acta Constitutiva de la Federación of January 31, 1824, and the Federal Constitution of October 4, 1824, fixed the political and administrative organization of the United Mexican States after the Mexican War of Independence. In addition, Section XXVIII of Article 50 gave the new Congress the right to choose where the federal government would be located. This location would then be appropriated as federal land, with the federal government acting as the local authority. The two main candidates to become the capital were Mexico City and Querétaro.

question: What was the other city in the running to become capital of Mexico? 

answer: Querétaro

question: What part of the constitution established the right to create a capital city? 

answer: Section XXVIII of Article 50

question: When was the federal constitution signed?  

answer: October 4, 1824

question: What type of land is Mexico City? 

answer: federal

question: Who is in charge of the land of Mexico City according to the original constitution? 

answer: federal government
Title: Mexico_City
Context: Due in large part to the persuasion of representative Servando Teresa de Mier, Mexico City was chosen because it was the center of the country's population and history, even though Querétaro was closer to the center geographically. The choice was official on November 18, 1824, and Congress delineated a surface area of two leagues square (8,800 acres) centered on the Zocalo. This area was then separated from the State of Mexico, forcing that state's government to move from the Palace of the Inquisition (now Museum of Mexican Medicine) in the city to Texcoco. This area did not include the population centers of the towns of Coyoacán, Xochimilco, Mexicaltzingo and Tlalpan, all of which remained as part of the State of Mexico.

question: When was Mexico City declared the capital? 

answer: November 18, 1824

question: How large was the area the federal government would proclaim to be the capital? 

answer: two leagues square (8,800 acres)

question: Where was the state government located when Mexico City was declared the capital? 

answer: Palace of the Inquisition

question: What is the Palace of the Inquisition known as now? 

answer: Museum of Mexican Medicine

question: Where was the government of Mexico City moved to at the time it was declared capital of Mexico? 

answer: Texcoco
Title: Mexico_City
Context: In 1854 president Antonio López de Santa Anna enlarged the area of the Federal District almost eightfold from the original 220 to 1,700 km2 (80 to 660 sq mi), annexing the rural and mountainous areas to secure the strategic mountain passes to the south and southwest to protect the city in event of a foreign invasion. (The Mexican–American War had just been fought.) The last changes to the limits of the Federal District were made between 1898 and 1902, reducing the area to the current 1,479 km2 (571 sq mi) by adjusting the southern border with the state of Morelos. By that time, the total number of municipalities within the Federal District was twenty-two.

question: How many smaller cities did Mexico City make up at its height? 

answer: twenty-two

question: What is the current area of Mexico City? 

answer: 1,479 km2 (571 sq mi)

question: How large was Mexico City at its largest? 

answer: 1,700 km2

question: When was the boundaries of the city last adjusted?  

answer: 1902

question: Who increased the size of Mexico City to it's largest? 

answer: Antonio López de Santa Anna
Title: Mexico_City
Context: While the Federal District was ruled by the federal government through an appointed governor, the municipalities within it were autonomous, and this duality of powers created tension between the municipalities and the federal government for more than a century. In 1903, Porfirio Díaz largely reduced the powers of the municipalities within the Federal District. Eventually, in December 1928, the federal government decided to abolish all the municipalities of the Federal District. In place of the municipalities, the Federal District was divided into one "Central Department" and 13 delegaciones (boroughs) administered directly by the government of the Federal District. The Central Department was integrated by the former municipalities of Mexico City, Tacuba, Tacubaya and Mixcoac.

question: When were the powers of the municipalities of Mexico City first reduced? 

answer: 1903

question: When was the autonomy of the municipalities eliminated? 

answer: 1928

question: How many boroughs did the city consist of when they were first established?  

answer: 13

question: Who first reduced the power of the municipalities of Mexico City? 

answer: Porfirio Díaz

question: Who led Mexico City? 

answer: an appointed governor
Title: Mexico_City
Context: In 1941, the General Anaya borough was merged to the Central Department, which was then renamed "Mexico City" (thus reviving the name, but not the autonomous municipality). From 1941 to 1970, the Federal District comprised twelve delegaciones and Mexico City. In 1970 Mexico City was split into four different delegaciones: Cuauhtémoc, Miguel Hidalgo, Venustiano Carranza and Benito Juárez, increasing the number of delegaciones to sixteen. Since then, in a de facto manner, the whole Federal District, whose delegaciones had by then almost formed a single urban area, began to be considered a synonym of Mexico City.

question: When was the General Anaya borough officially merged into Mexico City? 

answer: 1941

question: How man boroughs was the borough of Mexico City split into in 1970? 

answer: four

question: How many districts does the federal government control in 1970? 

answer: sixteen

question: Which boroughs was the Mexico City borough split into? 

answer: Cuauhtémoc, Miguel Hidalgo, Venustiano Carranza and Benito Juárez
Title: Mexico_City
Context: Mexico City, being the seat of the powers of the Union, did not belong to any particular state but to all. Therefore, it was the president, representing the federation, who used to designate the head of government of the Federal District, a position which is sometimes presented outside Mexico as the "Mayor" of Mexico City.[citation needed] In the 1980s, given the dramatic increase in population of the previous decades, the inherent political inconsistencies of the system, as well as the dissatisfaction with the inadequate response of the federal government after the 1985 earthquake, residents began to request political and administrative autonomy to manage their local affairs.[citation needed] Some political groups even proposed that the Federal District be converted into the 32nd state of the federation.

question: If Mexico City was declared a state, how many states would be in the federation? 

answer: 32

question: What event caused the citizens to reconsider how the government of Mexico City was set up? 

answer: the 1985 earthquake

question: What do people call the leader of Mexico City? 

answer: Mayor

question: Who declared the "Mayor" of Mexico City? 

answer: the president

question: What state does Mexico City belong to? 

answer: all
Title: Mexico_City
Context: In response to the demands, in 1987 the Federal District received a greater degree of autonomy, with the elaboration the first Statute of Government (Estatuto de Gobierno), and the creation of an Assembly of Representatives.[citation needed] In the 1990s, this autonomy was further expanded and, starting from 1997, residents can directly elect the head of government of the Federal District and the representatives of a unicameral Legislative Assembly (which succeeded the previous Assembly) by popular vote.

question: When did the Federal District receive more power?  

answer: 1987

question: When did citizens receive the right to elect the head of the Federal District? 

answer: 1997

question: How is the leader of Mexico City now established? 

answer: popular vote

question: What gave the Federal District more autonomy?  

answer: first Statute of Government
Title: Mexico_City
Context: The first elected head of government was Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas. Cárdenas resigned in 1999 to run in the 2000 presidential elections and designated Rosario Robles to succeed him, who became the first woman (elected or otherwise) to govern Mexico City. In 2000 Andrés Manuel López Obrador was elected, and resigned in 2005 to run in the 2006 presidential elections, Alejandro Encinas being designated by the Legislative Assembly to finish the term. In 2006, Marcelo Ebrard was elected for the 2006–2012 period.

question: Who was elected to be the head of government in 2006? 

answer: Marcelo Ebrard

question: Why did the first elected head of government of Mexico City resign? 

answer: to run in the 2000 presidential elections

question: Who was the second head of government elected? 

answer: Andrés Manuel López Obrador

question: Who was head of government after the first elected head of government? 

answer: Rosario Robles

question: Who was the first woman to run Mexico City? 

answer: Rosario Robles
Title: Mexico_City
Context: The Legislative Assembly of the Federal District is formed, as it is the case in all legislatures in Mexico, by both single-seat and proportional seats, making it a system of parallel voting. The Federal District is divided into 40 electoral constituencies of similar population which elect one representative by first-past-the-post plurality (FPP), locally called "uninominal deputies". The Federal District as a whole constitutes a single constituency for the parallel election of 26 representatives by proportionality (PR) with open-party lists, locally called "plurinominal deputies".

question: What is the local government of Mexico City called? 

answer: The Legislative Assembly of the Federal District

question: How is the local government of Mexico City formed? 

answer: parallel voting

question: What is the proportionality voting referred to in Mexico City? 

answer: plurinominal deputies

question: How many representatives make up the Federal District? 

answer: 26
Title: Mexico_City
Context: Even though proportionality is confined to the proportional seats to prevent a part from being overrepresented, several restrictions apply in the assignation of the seats; namely, that no party can have more than 63% of all seats, both uninominal and plurinominal. In the 2006 elections leftist PRD got the absolute majority in the direct uninominal elections, securing 34 of the 40 FPP seats. As such, the PRD was not assigned any plurinominal seat to comply with the law that prevents over-representation. The overall composition of the Legislative Assembly is:

question: What is the maximum percentage of seats a single party can control? 

answer: 63

question: How many seats of the uninominal elections did the PRD get in the 2006 elections? 

answer: 34

question: Why does the government prevent more than 63% of a party to control the legislature?  

answer: over-representation
Title: Mexico_City
Context: The politics pursued by the administrations of heads of government in Mexico City since the second half of the 20th century have usually been more liberal than those of the rest of the country, whether with the support of the federal government—as was the case with the approval of several comprehensive environmental laws in the 1980s—or through laws recently approved by the Legislative Assembly. In April of the same year, the Legislative Assembly expanded provisions on abortions, becoming the first federal entity to expand abortion in Mexico beyond cases of rape and economic reasons, to permit it regardless of the reason should the mother request it before the twelfth week of pregnancy. In December 2009, the Federal District became the first city in Latin America, and one of very few in the world, to legalize same-sex marriage.

question: When was gay marriage legalized in Mexico City? 

answer: December 2009

question: When were the economic laws passed in Mexico City? 

answer: 1980s

question: What political leaning does Mexico City take? 

answer: more liberal than those of the rest of the country

question: Compared to other cities in Latin America, how early did Mexico City legalize same sex marriage? 

answer: first
Title: Mexico_City
Context: For administrative purposes, the Federal District is divided into 16 "delegaciones" or boroughs. While not fully equivalent to a municipality, the 16 boroughs have gained significant autonomy, and since 2000 their heads of government are elected directly by plurality (they were previously appointed by the head of government of the Federal District). Given that Mexico City is organized entirely as a Federal District, most of the city services are provided or organized by the Government of the Federal District and not by the boroughs themselves, while in the constituent states these services would be provided by the municipalities. The 16 boroughs of the Federal District with their 2010 populations are:

question: How many boroughs make up Mexico City? 

answer: 16

question: How are the heads of the boroughs elected? 

answer: plurality

question: How were the heads of the boroughs originally established?  

answer: appointed by the head of government of the Federal District

question: Who provides the city services? 

answer: Government of the Federal District

question: When did election of borough heads begin? 

answer: 2000
Title: Mexico_City
Context: The boroughs are composed by hundreds of colonias or neighborhoods, which have no jurisdictional autonomy or representation. The Historic Center is the oldest part of the city (along with some other, formerly separate colonial towns such as Coyoacán and San Ángel), some of the buildings dating back to the 16th century. Other well-known central neighborhoods include Condesa, known for its Art Deco architecture and its restaurant scene; Colonia Roma, a beaux arts neighborhood and artistic and culinary hot-spot, the Zona Rosa, formerly the center of nightlife and restaurants, now reborn as the center of the LGBT and Korean-Mexican communities; and Tepito and La Lagunilla, known for their local working-class foklore and large flea markets. Santa María la Ribera and San Rafael are the latest neighborhoods of magnificent Porfiriato architecture seeing the first signs of gentrification.

question: What is the oldest part of the city? 

answer: The Historic Center

question: How old are the oldest buildings in Mexico City? 

answer: 16th century

question: What used to be the main party district of Mexico City? 

answer: Zona Rosa

question: What is the center of the LGBT community in Mexico City? 

answer: Art Deco architecture

question: What district is known for its Art Deco Architecture?  

answer: Condesa