praj-17/QA-MCQ-Open-ended huggingface dataset:
Title: Melbourne
Context: An influx of interstate and overseas migrants, particularly Irish, German and Chinese, saw the development of slums including a temporary "tent city" established on the southern banks of the Yarra. Chinese migrants founded the Melbourne Chinatown in 1851, which remains the longest continuous Chinese settlement in the Western World. In the aftermath of the Eureka Stockade, mass public support for the plight of the miners resulted in major political changes to the colony, including changes to working conditions across local industries including mining, agriculture and manufacturing. The nationalities involved in the Eureka revolt and Burke and Wills expedition gave an indication of immigration flows in the second half of the nineteenth century.

question: What term is given to the slums established on the souther banks of the Yarra? 

answer: tent city

question: In what year was Melbourne Chinatown founded? 

answer: 1851

question: Which ethninticities contributed an influx of interstate and overseas migrants to Melbourne? 

answer: Irish, German and Chinese

question: Which community is the longest continuous Chinese settlement in the Western World? 

answer: Melbourne Chinatown

question: During the second half of what century did the Burke and Wills expedition give an indication of immigration flows? 

answer: second half of the nineteenth century
Title: Melbourne
Context: The decade began with the Melbourne International Exhibition in 1880, held in the large purpose-built Exhibition Building. In 1880 a telephone exchange was established and in the same year the foundations of St Paul's, were laid; in 1881 electric light was installed in the Eastern Market, and in the following year a generating station capable of supplying 2,000 incandescent lamps was in operation. In 1885 the first line of the Melbourne cable tramway system was built, becoming one of the worlds most extensive systems by 1890.

question: In what year was a telephone exchange established in Melbourne? 

answer: 1880

question: When was the first electric light installed in the Eastern Market? 

answer: 1881

question: In what year was the first line of the Melbourne cable tramway system built? 

answer: 1885

question: In what building was the Melbourne Internation Exhibition of 1880 held? 

answer: Exhibition Building
Title: Melbourne
Context: Melbourne is also prone to isolated convective showers forming when a cold pool crosses the state, especially if there is considerable daytime heating. These showers are often heavy and can contain hail and squalls and significant drops in temperature, but they pass through very quickly at times with a rapid clearing trend to sunny and relatively calm weather and the temperature rising back to what it was before the shower. This often occurs in the space of minutes and can be repeated many times in a day, giving Melbourne a reputation for having "four seasons in one day", a phrase that is part of local popular culture and familiar to many visitors to the city. The lowest temperature on record is −2.8 °C (27.0 °F), on 21 July 1869. The highest temperature recorded in Melbourne city was 46.4 °C (115.5 °F), on 7 February 2009. While snow is occasionally seen at higher elevations in the outskirts of the city, it has not been recorded in the Central Business District since 1986.

question: What weather phrase has become part of local popular culture in Melbourne and concerns the city's rapid change in weather? 

answer: four seasons in one day

question: What is the lowest temperature on Melbourne's record? 

answer: −2.8 °C (27.0 °F)

question: On what date did the lowest temperature in Melbourne's records occur? 

answer: 21 July 1869

question: What is Melbourne's highest temperature recorded? 

answer: 46.4 °C (115.5 °F)

question: On what date was Melbourne's highest temperature recorded? 

answer: 7 February 2009
Title: Melbourne
Context: Melbourne's CBD, compared with other Australian cities, has comparatively unrestricted height limits and as a result of waves of post-war development contains five of the six tallest buildings in Australia, the tallest of which is the Eureka Tower, situated in Southbank. It has an observation deck near the top from where you can see above all of Melbourne's structures. The Rialto tower, the city's second tallest, remains the tallest building in the old CBD; its observation deck for visitors has recently closed.

question: Is the observation deck in The Rialto currently opened or closed? 

answer: closed

question: On which of Melbourne's banks is the Eureka Tower located? 

answer: Southbank

question: Which tower is Melbourne's second tallest? 

answer: The Rialto

question: What building is the tallest building in the old CBD? 

answer: The Rialto tower

question: What is the tallest tower in Australia? 

answer: Eureka Tower
Title: Melbourne
Context: Since the mid-1990s, Melbourne has maintained significant population and employment growth. There has been substantial international investment in the city's industries and property market. Major inner-city urban renewal has occurred in areas such as Southbank, Port Melbourne, Melbourne Docklands and more recently, South Wharf. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, Melbourne sustained the highest population increase and economic growth rate of any Australian capital city in the three years ended June 2004. These factors have led to population growth and further suburban expansion through the 2000s.

question: To what areas has Melbourne dedicated substantial international investment? 

answer: industries and property market

question: In what areas has major inner-city urban renewal occurred? 

answer: Southbank, Port Melbourne, Melbourne Docklands and more recently, South Wharf

question: Melbourne has sustained the highest population increase and economic growth rate in any Australian city according to what organization? 

answer: Australian Bureau of Statistics

question: How many years did Melbourne sustain the highest population increase and economic growth? 

answer: three
Title: Melbourne
Context: Melbourne is experiencing high population growth, generating high demand for housing. This housing boom has increased house prices and rents, as well as the availability of all types of housing. Subdivision regularly occurs in the outer areas of Melbourne, with numerous developers offering house and land packages. However, after 10 years[when?] of planning policies to encourage medium-density and high-density development in existing areas with greater access to public transport and other services, Melbourne's middle and outer-ring suburbs have seen significant brownfields redevelopment.

question: What effect has the housing boom had on house prices and rents? 

answer: increased

question: What is generating high demand for housing in Melbourne? 

answer: high population growth

question: Which of Melbourne's suburbs have seen significant brownfields redevelopment in recent years? 

answer: middle and outer-ring

question: What types of surburban development did Melbourne policies promote? 

answer: medium-density and high-density
Title: Melbourne
Context: Founded by free settlers from the British Crown colony of Van Diemen's Land on 30 August 1835, in what was then the colony of New South Wales, it was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837. It was named "Melbourne" by the Governor of New South Wales, Sir Richard Bourke, in honour of the British Prime Minister of the day, William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne. It was officially declared a city by Queen Victoria in 1847, after which it became the capital of the newly founded colony of Victoria in 1851. During the Victorian gold rush of the 1850s, it was transformed into one of the world's largest and wealthiest cities. After the federation of Australia in 1901, it served as the nation's interim seat of government until 1927.

question: Who was Melbourne named by? 

answer: the Governor of New South Wales, Sir Richard Bourke

question: What year was Melbourne officially declared a city? 

answer: 1847

question: Who was Melbourne named in honor of? 

answer: the British Prime Minister of the day, William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne

question: What year did Melbourne cease in serving as the nations interim seat of government? 

answer: 1927

question: Melbourne became the capital of what colony in 1851? 

answer: Victoria
Title: Melbourne
Context: In response to attribution of recent climate change, the City of Melbourne, in 2002, set a target to reduce carbon emissions to net zero by 2020 and Moreland City Council established the Zero Moreland program, however not all metropolitan municipalities have followed, with the City of Glen Eira notably deciding in 2009 not to become carbon neutral. Melbourne has one of the largest urban footprints in the world due to its low density housing, resulting in a vast suburban sprawl, with a high level of car dependence and minimal public transport outside of inner areas. Much of the vegetation within the city are non-native species, most of European origin, and in many cases plays host to invasive species and noxious weeds. Significant introduced urban pests include the common myna, feral pigeon, brown rat, European wasp, common starling and red fox. Many outlying suburbs, particularly towards the Yarra Valley and the hills to the north-east and east, have gone for extended periods without regenerative fires leading to a lack of saplings and undergrowth in urbanised native bushland. The Department of Sustainability and Environment partially addresses this problem by regularly burning off. Several national parks have been designated around the urban area of Melbourne, including the Mornington Peninsula National Park, Port Phillip Heads Marine National Park and Point Nepean National Park in the south east, Organ Pipes National Park to the north and Dandenong Ranges National Park to the east. There are also a number of significant state parks just outside Melbourne. Responsibility for regulating pollution falls under the jurisdiction of the EPA Victoria and several local councils. Air pollution, by world standards, is classified as being good. Summer and autumn are the worst times of year for atmospheric haze in the urban area.

question: In what year did Melbourne set a target to reduce carbon emissions to net zero? 

answer: 2002

question: Which city notably opted not to become carbon neutral in 2009? 

answer: City of Glen Eira

question: By what year did Melbourne state it wished to be completely carbon neutral? 

answer: 2020

question: Does Melbourne have one of the largest or smallest carbon footprints in the world? 

answer: largest

question: Who is responsible for regulating pollution in Melbourne? 

answer: EPA Victoria and several local councils
Title: Melbourne
Context: In 2012, the city contained a total of 594 high-rise buildings, with 8 under construction, 71 planned and 39 at proposal stage making the city's skyline the second largest in Australia. The CBD is dominated by modern office buildings including the Rialto Towers (1986), built on the site of several grand classical Victorian buildings, two of which — the Rialto Building (1889) designed by William Pitt and the Winfield Building (1890) designed by Charles D'Ebro and Richard Speight — still remain today and more recently hi-rise apartment buildings including Eureka Tower (2006), which is listed as the 13th tallest residential building in the world in January 2014.

question: Who designed the Rialto Building in 1889?  

answer: William Pitt

question: Which building was listed as the 13th tallest residential building in the world in January 2014? 

answer: Eureka Tower

question: Who designed the Winfield Building in 1890? 

answer: Charles D'Ebro and Richard Speight

question: In what year was the Eureka Tower completed? 

answer: 2006

question: How does Melbourne's skyline rank in terms of other skylines in Australia? 

answer: second largest
Title: Melbourne
Context: In May and June 1835, the area which is now central and northern Melbourne was explored by John Batman, a leading member of the Port Phillip Association in Van Diemen's Land (now known as Tasmania), who claimed to have negotiated a purchase of 600,000 acres (2,400 km2) with eight Wurundjeri elders. Batman selected a site on the northern bank of the Yarra River, declaring that "this will be the place for a village". Batman then returned to Launceston in Tasmania. In early August 1835 a different group of settlers, including John Pascoe Fawkner, left Launceston on the ship Enterprize. Fawkner was forced to disembark at Georgetown, Tasmania, because of outstanding debts. The remainder of the party continued and arrived at the mouth of the Yarra River on 15 August 1835. On 30 August 1835 the party disembarked and established a settlement at the site of the current Melbourne Immigration Museum. Batman and his group arrived on 2 September 1835 and the two groups ultimately agreed to share the settlement.

question: Tasmania was formerly known as what? 

answer: Van Diemen's Land

question: How many acres did John Batman claim to purchase? 

answer: 600,000

question: Current central and northern Melbourne was explored by whom? 

answer: John Batman

question: How many elders did John Batman claim to have negotiated with? 

answer: eight

question: On what date did Batman reach Melbourne? 

answer: 2 September 1835
Title: Melbourne
Context: Melbourne is typical of Australian capital cities in that after the turn of the 20th century, it expanded with the underlying notion of a 'quarter acre home and garden' for every family, often referred to locally as the Australian Dream. This, coupled with the popularity of the private automobile after 1945, led to the auto-centric urban structure now present today in the middle and outer suburbs. Much of metropolitan Melbourne is accordingly characterised by low density sprawl, whilst its inner city areas feature predominantly medium-density, transit-oriented urban forms. The city centre, Docklands, St. Kilda Road and Southbank areas feature high-density forms.

question: What is locally referred to as the Australian Dream? 

answer: quarter acre home and garden

question: Do the Docklands, St. Kilda Road, and Southbank areas feature high-density or low-density forms? 

answer: high-density

question: Which year marked the start of the private automobile's popularity increase? 

answer: 1945

question: Is much of Melbourne's metropolitan area characterized as low-density sprawl or high-density sprawl? 

answer: low density
Title: Melbourne
Context: With the wealth brought on by the gold rush following closely on the heels of the establishment of Victoria as a separate colony and the subsequent need for public buildings, a program of grand civic construction soon began. The 1850s and 1860s saw the commencement of Parliament House, the Treasury Building, the Old Melbourne Gaol, Victoria Barracks, the State Library, University, General Post Office, Customs House, the Melbourne Town Hall, St Patrick's cathedral, though many remained uncompleted for decades, with some still not finished.

question: When Victoria was established as a seperate colony, the need for what followed? 

answer: public buildings

question: During what two decades were the Parliament House, Treasury Building, Victoria Barracks, State Library, and General Post Office commenced? 

answer: 1850s and 1860s

question: Melbourne's weath was due in part to what event? 

answer: gold rush
Title: Melbourne
Context: Melbourne's rich and diverse literary history was recognised in 2008 when it became the second UNESCO City of Literature. The State Library of Victoria is one of Australia's oldest cultural institutions and one of many public and university libraries across the city. Melbourne also has Australia's widest range of bookstores, as well the nation's largest publishing sector. The city is home to significant writers' festivals, most notably the Melbourne Writers Festival. Several major literary prizes are open to local writers including the Melbourne Prize for Literature and the Victorian Premier's Literary Awards. Significant novels set in Melbourne include Fergus Hume's The Mystery of a Hansom Cab, Helen Garner's Monkey Grip and Christos Tsiolkas' The Slap. Notable writers and poets from Melbourne include Thomas Browne, C. J. Dennis, Germaine Greer and Peter Carey.

question: Which writer's festival is home to Melbourne? 

answer: Melbourne Writers Festival

question: What type of work are The Mystery of a Hansom Cab, Monkey Grip, and The Slap? 

answer: novels

question: What do the novels The Mystery of a Hansom Cab, Monkey Grip, and The Slap have in common? 

answer: set in Melbourne

question: Where are Peter Carey, Germaine Greer, and Thomas Browne from? 

answer: Melbourne

question: What occupation to Peter Carey, Germaine Greer, and Thomas Browne hold? 

answer: writers and poets
Title: Melbourne
Context: During a visit in 1885 English journalist George Augustus Henry Sala coined the phrase "Marvellous Melbourne", which stuck long into the twentieth century and is still used today by Melburnians. Growing building activity culminated in a "land boom" which, in 1888, reached a peak of speculative development fuelled by consumer confidence and escalating land value. As a result of the boom, large commercial buildings, coffee palaces, terrace housing and palatial mansions proliferated in the city. The establishment of a hydraulic facility in 1887 allowed for the local manufacture of elevators, resulting in the first construction of high-rise buildings; most notably the APA Building, amongst the world's tallest commercial buildings upon completion in 1889. This period also saw the expansion of a major radial rail-based transport network.

question: Which phrase was coined by George Augustus Henry Sala during a visit to Melbourne in 1885? 

answer: Marvellous Melbourne

question: In what year did the land boom reach its peak of development? 

answer: 1888

question: In what year was a hydraulic facility established? 

answer: 1887

question: In what year was the APA Building completed? 

answer: 1889

question: What did Melbourne's hydraulic facilities help create that spurred high-rise developments? 

answer: elevators
Title: Melbourne
Context: Melbourne rates highly in education, entertainment, health care, research and development, tourism and sport, making it the world's most liveable city—for the fifth year in a row in 2015, according to the Economist Intelligence Unit. It is a leading financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region, and ranks among the top 30 cities in the world in the Global Financial Centres Index. Referred to as Australia's "cultural capital", it is the birthplace of Australian impressionism, Australian rules football, the Australian film and television industries, and Australian contemporary dance such as the Melbourne Shuffle. It is recognised as a UNESCO City of Literature and a major centre for street art, music and theatre. It is home to many of Australia's largest and oldest cultural institutions such as the Melbourne Cricket Ground, the National Gallery of Victoria, the State Library of Victoria and the UNESCO World Heritage-listed Royal Exhibition Building.

question: Melbourne is the world's most liveable city according to whom? 

answer: Economist Intelligence Unit

question: For how many years has Melbourne been considered the world's most liveable city? 

answer: fifth year in a row

question: Which city is referred to as Australia's cultural capital? 

answer: Melbourne

question: What is one example of Australian contemporary dance? 

answer: Melbourne Shuffle
Title: Melbourne
Context: Some of Australia's most prominent and well known schools are based in Melbourne. Of the top twenty high schools in Australia according to the Better Education ranking, six are located in Melbourne. There has also been a rapid increase in the number of International students studying in the city. Furthermore, Melbourne was ranked the world's fourth top university city in 2008 after London, Boston and Tokyo in a poll commissioned by the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology. Melbourne is the home of seven public universities: the University of Melbourne, Monash University, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT University), Deakin University, La Trobe University, Swinburne University of Technology and Victoria University.

question: How many of the top twenty high school sin Australia are located in Mebourne according to the Better Education ranking? 

answer: six

question: According to the Toyal Melbourne Institute of Technology, how did Melborne rank as a top university city in 2008? 

answer: fourth

question: How many public universities are located in Melbourne? 

answer: seven

question: Is the University of Melbourne a public or private institution? 

answer: public

question: Has there been a recent increase or decrease in international students studying in Melbourne? 

answer: rapid increase
Title: Melbourne
Context: Height limits in the Melbourne CBD were lifted in 1958, after the construction of ICI House, transforming the city's skyline with the introduction of skyscrapers. Suburban expansion then intensified, serviced by new indoor malls beginning with Chadstone Shopping Centre. The post-war period also saw a major renewal of the CBD and St Kilda Road which significantly modernised the city. New fire regulations and redevelopment saw most of the taller pre-war CBD buildings either demolished or partially retained through a policy of facadism. Many of the larger suburban mansions from the boom era were also either demolished or subdivided.

question: In what year were height limits lifted in the Melbourne CBD? 

answer: 1958

question: Which was the first new indoor mall in Melbourne? 

answer: Chadstone Shopping Centre

question: What happened to many of the larger suburban mansions from the boom era? 

answer: demolished or subdivided

question: Which two areas saw a significant renewal after the post-war period and significantly modernised the city? 

answer: CBD and St Kilda Road
Title: Melbourne
Context: Melbourne is notable as the host city for the 1956 Summer Olympic Games (the first Olympic Games held in the southern hemisphere and Oceania, with all previous games held in Europe and the United States), along with the 2006 Commonwealth Games. Melbourne is so far the southernmost city to host the games. The city is home to three major annual international sporting events: the Australian Open (one of the four Grand Slam tennis tournaments); the Melbourne Cup (horse racing); and the Australian Grand Prix (Formula One). Also, the Australian Masters golf tournament is held at Melbourne since 1979, having been co-sanctioned by the European Tour from 2006 to 2009. Melbourne was proclaimed the "World's Ultimate Sports City", in 2006, 2008 and 2010. The city is home to the National Sports Museum, which until 2003 was located outside the members pavilion at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. It reopened in 2008 in the Olympic Stand.

question: In what year was Melbourne the host city for the first Olympic Games held in the southern hemisphere? 

answer: 1956

question: In what three years was Melbourne proclaimed the "World's Ultimate Sports City"? 

answer: 2006, 2008 and 2010

question: Previous to Melbourne, where were all Olympic games held? 

answer: Europe and the United States

question: Where did the National Sports Museum reopen in 2008? 

answer: Olympic Stand

question: Which city is so far the southernmost city to host the Olympic Games? 

answer: Melbourne