praj-17/QA-MCQ-Open-ended huggingface dataset:
Title: Yale_University
Context: The Yale Provost's Office has launched several women into prominent university presidencies. In 1977 Hanna Holborn Gray was appointed acting President of Yale from this position, and went on to become President of the University of Chicago, the first woman to be full president of a major university. In 1994 Yale Provost Judith Rodin became the first female president of an Ivy League institution at the University of Pennsylvania. In 2002 Provost Alison Richard became the Vice Chancellor of the University of Cambridge. In 2004, Provost Susan Hockfield became the President of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 2007 Deputy Provost Kim Bottomly was named President of Wellesley College. In 2003, the Dean of the Divinity School, Rebecca Chopp, was appointed president of Colgate University and now heads Swarthmore College.

question: Who was appointed acting President of Yale in 1977? 

answer: Hanna Holborn Gray

question: Where did Hanna Holborn Gray go after Yale? 

answer: University of Chicago

question: In what year did Judith Rodin become the first female president of an Ivy League school? 

answer: 1994

question: In what year did Susan Hockfield become President of MIT? 

answer: 2004

question: Who became Vice Chancellor of the University of Cambridge in 2002? 

answer: Alison Richard
Title: Yale_University
Context: Much of Yale University's staff, including most maintenance staff, dining hall employees, and administrative staff, are unionized. Clerical and technical employees are represented by Local 34 of UNITE HERE and service and maintenance workers by Local 35 of the same international. Together with the Graduate Employees and Students Organization (GESO), an unrecognized union of graduate employees, Locals 34 and 35 make up the Federation of Hospital and University Employees. Also included in FHUE are the dietary workers at Yale-New Haven Hospital, who are members of 1199 SEIU. In addition to these unions, officers of the Yale University Police Department are members of the Yale Police Benevolent Association, which affiliated in 2005 with the Connecticut Organization for Public Safety Employees. Finally, Yale security officers voted to join the International Union of Security, Police and Fire Professionals of America in fall 2010 after the National Labor Relations Board ruled they could not join AFSCME; the Yale administration contested the election.

question: What union are the members of the Yale University Police Department a part of? 

answer: Yale Police Benevolent Association

question: What union do Yale security guards belong to? 

answer: International Union of Security, Police and Fire Professionals of America

question: What is the name of the unrecognized union of graduate employees? 

answer: Graduate Employees and Students Organization (GESO)

question: What union are Yale's clerical and technical employees a part of? 

answer: Local 34 of UNITE HERE

question: What union are Yale's service and maintenance workers a part of? 

answer: Local 35 of the same international
Title: Yale_University
Context: Yale has a history of difficult and prolonged labor negotiations, often culminating in strikes. There have been at least eight strikes since 1968, and The New York Times wrote that Yale has a reputation as having the worst record of labor tension of any university in the U.S. Yale's unusually large endowment exacerbates the tension over wages. Moreover, Yale has been accused of failing to treat workers with respect. In a 2003 strike, however, the university claimed that more union employees were working than striking. Professor David Graeber was 'retired' after he came to the defense of a student who was involved in campus labor issues.

question: How many strikes has Yale had since 1968? 

answer: at least eight

question: What are The New York Times' views on Yale's labor tension? 

answer: the worst record of labor tension of any university in the U.S.

question: What professor was retired in a 2003 labor strike? 

answer: Professor David Graeber

question: Why was Professor David Graeber retired during the strike? 

answer: he came to the defense of a student who was involved in campus labor issues.

question: What adds to the tensions during wage considerations? 

answer: Yale's unusually large endowment
Title: Yale_University
Context: Yale's central campus in downtown New Haven covers 260 acres (1.1 km2) and comprises its main, historic campus and a medical campus adjacent to the Yale-New Haven Hospital. In western New Haven, the university holds 500 acres (2.0 km2) of athletic facilities, including the Yale Golf Course. In 2008, Yale purchased the 136-acre (0.55 km2) former Bayer Pharmaceutical campus in West Haven, Connecticut, the buildings of which are now used as laboratory and research space. Yale also owns seven forests in Connecticut, Vermont, and New Hampshire—the largest of which is the 7,840-acre (31.7 km2) Yale-Myers Forest in Connecticut's Quiet Corner—and nature preserves including Horse Island.

question: Where does Yale own 500 acres of athletic facilities? 

answer: western New Haven

question: What campus did Yale buy in 2008? 

answer: former Bayer Pharmaceutical campus

question: What is the former Bayer Pharmaceutical campus used for? 

answer: laboratory and research space

question: How many forests does Yale own? 

answer: seven

question: How big is the largest forest in Yale's possession? 

answer: 7,840-acre
Title: Yale_University
Context: Yale is noted for its largely Collegiate Gothic campus as well as for several iconic modern buildings commonly discussed in architectural history survey courses: Louis Kahn's Yale Art Gallery and Center for British Art, Eero Saarinen's Ingalls Rink and Ezra Stiles and Morse Colleges, and Paul Rudolph's Art & Architecture Building. Yale also owns and has restored many noteworthy 19th-century mansions along Hillhouse Avenue, which was considered the most beautiful street in America by Charles Dickens when he visited the United States in the 1840s. In 2011, Travel+Leisure listed the Yale campus as one of the most beautiful in the United States.

question: Who called Hillhouse Avenue the most beautiful street in America in the 1840's? 

answer: Charles Dickens

question: Who listed Yale as one of the most beautiful campuses in the United States? 

answer: Travel+Leisure

question: What is Yale largely known for? 

answer: Collegiate Gothic campus

question: When did Travel + Leisure list Yale as one of the most beautiful campuses? 

answer: 2011
Title: Yale_University
Context: Many of Yale's buildings were constructed in the Collegiate Gothic architecture style from 1917 to 1931, financed largely by Edward S. Harkness Stone sculpture built into the walls of the buildings portray contemporary college personalities such as a writer, an athlete, a tea-drinking socialite, and a student who has fallen asleep while reading. Similarly, the decorative friezes on the buildings depict contemporary scenes such as policemen chasing a robber and arresting a prostitute (on the wall of the Law School), or a student relaxing with a mug of beer and a cigarette. The architect, James Gamble Rogers, faux-aged these buildings by splashing the walls with acid, deliberately breaking their leaded glass windows and repairing them in the style of the Middle Ages, and creating niches for decorative statuary but leaving them empty to simulate loss or theft over the ages. In fact, the buildings merely simulate Middle Ages architecture, for though they appear to be constructed of solid stone blocks in the authentic manner, most actually have steel framing as was commonly used in 1930. One exception is Harkness Tower, 216 feet (66 m) tall, which was originally a free-standing stone structure. It was reinforced in 1964 to allow the installation of the Yale Memorial Carillon.

question: Who financed a large chunk of the architecture from 1917 to 1931 

answer: Edward S. Harkness

question: What do the stone statues on Yale's campus depict? 

answer: a writer, an athlete, a tea-drinking socialite, and a student who has fallen asleep while reading

question: What do the decorative friezes on the buildings show? 

answer: contemporary scenes

question: How did James Gamble Rogers faux age the buildings? 

answer: splashing the walls with acid

question: How did James Gamble Rogers faux age the windows? 

answer: breaking their leaded glass windows and repairing them in the style of the Middle Ages
Title: Yale_University
Context: Other examples of the Gothic (also called neo-Gothic and collegiate Gothic) style are on Old Campus by such architects as Henry Austin, Charles C. Haight and Russell Sturgis. Several are associated with members of the Vanderbilt family, including Vanderbilt Hall, Phelps Hall, St. Anthony Hall (a commission for member Frederick William Vanderbilt), the Mason, Sloane and Osborn laboratories, dormitories for the Sheffield Scientific School (the engineering and sciences school at Yale until 1956) and elements of Silliman College, the largest residential college.

question: What architects have buildings in the Yale Old Campus? 

answer: Henry Austin, Charles C. Haight and Russell Sturgis

question: What is the largest residential college? 

answer: Silliman College

question: Which school was used as the engineering and sciences school until 1956? 

answer: Sheffield Scientific School

question: What are some other terms for the gothic style buildings in the Old Campus at Yale? 

answer: neo-Gothic and collegiate Gothic
Title: Yale_University
Context: Alumnus Eero Saarinen, Finnish-American architect of such notable structures as the Gateway Arch in St. Louis, Washington Dulles International Airport main terminal, Bell Labs Holmdel Complex and the CBS Building in Manhattan, designed Ingalls Rink at Yale and the newest residential colleges of Ezra Stiles and Morse. These latter were modelled after the medieval Italian hilltown of San Gimignano – a prototype chosen for the town's pedestrian-friendly milieu and fortress-like stone towers. These tower forms at Yale act in counterpoint to the college's many Gothic spires and Georgian cupolas.

question: Who created the Gateway Arch in St. Louis? 

answer: Alumnus Eero Saarinen

question: What airport was designed by Alumnus Eero Saarinen? 

answer: Washington Dulles International Airport main terminal

question: What did Alumnus Eero Saarinen use for inspiration for Ingalls Rink at Yale? 

answer: the medieval Italian hilltown of San Gimignano

question: What counterpoints Yale's gothic towers? 

answer: fortress-like stone towers

question: Of what nationality is Alumnus Eero Saarinen? 

answer: Finnish-American
Title: Yale_University
Context: Yale's Office of Sustainability develops and implements sustainability practices at Yale. Yale is committed to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions 10% below 1990 levels by the year 2020. As part of this commitment, the university allocates renewable energy credits to offset some of the energy used by residential colleges. Eleven campus buildings are candidates for LEED design and certification. Yale Sustainable Food Project initiated the introduction of local, organic vegetables, fruits, and beef to all residential college dining halls. Yale was listed as a Campus Sustainability Leader on the Sustainable Endowments Institute’s College Sustainability Report Card 2008, and received a "B+" grade overall.

question: Who creates sustainability practices at Yale? 

answer: Yale's Office of Sustainability

question: By what percent is Yale committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions below 1990 levels by the year 2020? 

answer: 10%

question: How many campus buildings are candidates for LEED design and certification? 

answer: Eleven

question: What project is bringing organic food to all of Yale's residential college dining areas? 

answer: Yale Sustainable Food Project

question: What grade did Yale get on their Sustainable Endowments Institute's College Sustainability Report Card 2008? 

answer: B+
Title: Yale_University
Context: Yale's secret society buildings (some of which are called "tombs") were built both to be private yet unmistakable. A diversity of architectural styles is represented: Berzelius, Donn Barber in an austere cube with classical detailing (erected in 1908 or 1910); Book and Snake, Louis R. Metcalfe in a Greek Ionic style (erected in 1901); Elihu, architect unknown but built in a Colonial style (constructed on an early 17th-century foundation although the building is from the 18th century); Mace and Chain, in a late colonial, early Victorian style (built in 1823). Interior moulding is said to have belonged to Benedict Arnold; Manuscript Society, King Lui-Wu with Dan Kniley responsible for landscaping and Josef Albers for the brickwork intaglio mural. Building constructed in a mid-century modern style; Scroll and Key, Richard Morris Hunt in a Moorish- or Islamic-inspired Beaux-Arts style (erected 1869–70); Skull and Bones, possibly Alexander Jackson Davis or Henry Austin in an Egypto-Doric style utilizing Brownstone (in 1856 the first wing was completed, in 1903 the second wing, 1911 the Neo-Gothic towers in rear garden were completed); St. Elmo, (former tomb) Kenneth M. Murchison, 1912, designs inspired by Elizabethan manor. Current location, brick colonial; Shabtai, 1882, the Anderson Mansion built in the Second Empire architectural style; and Wolf's Head, Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue (erected 1923-4).

question: What is another term for some of Yale's secret society buildings? 

answer: tombs

question: Who is the interior moulding of the Mace and Chain building rumored to have belonged to? 

answer: Benedict Arnold

question: Who was responsible for landscaping the Manuscript Society building? 

answer: Dan Kniley

question: Who was the architect for St. Elmo? 

answer: Kenneth M. Murchison

question: Who was the architect behind the Manuscript Society building? 

answer: King Lui-Wu
Title: Yale_University
Context: Several campus safety strategies have been pioneered at Yale. The first campus police force was founded at Yale in 1894, when the university contracted city police officers to exclusively cover the campus. Later hired by the university, the officers were originally brought in to quell unrest between students and city residents and curb destructive student behavior. In addition to the Yale Police Department, a variety of safety services are available including blue phones, a safety escort, and 24-hour shuttle service.

question: When were the first campus police formed at Yale? 

answer: 1894

question: Who were the the first campus police composed of? 

answer: city police officers

question: Why was the campus police established? 

answer: quell unrest between students and city residents

question: What other safety measures are available at Yale besides campus police? 

answer: blue phones, a safety escort, and 24-hour shuttle service.
Title: Yale_University
Context: Through its program of need-based financial aid, Yale commits to meet the full demonstrated financial need of all applicants. Most financial aid is in the form of grants and scholarships that do not need to be paid back to the university, and the average need-based aid grant for the Class of 2017 was $46,395. 15% of Yale College students are expected to have no parental contribution, and about 50% receive some form of financial aid. About 16% of the Class of 2013 had some form of student loan debt at graduation, with an average debt of $13,000 among borrowers.

question: What kind of system is Yale's financial aid? 

answer: need-based

question: How is most financial aid obtained at Yale? 

answer: grants and scholarships

question: What was the average need of financial aid at Yale for the Class of 2017? 

answer: $46,395

question: What percent of students at Yale are thought to have no parental help? 

answer: 15%

question: What was the average debt of student loan borrowers from the class of 2013? 

answer: $13,000
Title: Yale_University
Context: Rare books are found in several Yale collections. The Beinecke Rare Book Library has a large collection of rare books and manuscripts. The Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library includes important historical medical texts, including an impressive collection of rare books, as well as historical medical instruments. The Lewis Walpole Library contains the largest collection of 18th‑century British literary works. The Elizabethan Club, technically a private organization, makes its Elizabethan folios and first editions available to qualified researchers through Yale.

question: Where would one find a collection of historical medical equipment? 

answer: The Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library

question: What library contains the biggest assortment of 18th century British literary works? 

answer: The Lewis Walpole Library

question: Where can qualified researchers obtain Elizabethan folios?  

answer: The Elizabethan Club

question: What library has a vast assortment of rare books and manuscripts? 

answer: The Beinecke Rare Book Library
Title: Yale_University
Context: Yale's museum collections are also of international stature. The Yale University Art Gallery, the country's first university-affiliated art museum, contains more than 180,000 works, including Old Masters and important collections of modern art, in the Swartout and Kahn buildings. The latter, Louis Kahn's first large-scale American work (1953), was renovated and reopened in December 2006. The Yale Center for British Art, the largest collection of British art outside of the UK, grew from a gift of Paul Mellon and is housed in another Kahn-designed building.

question: What is the name of the country's first university partnered art museum? 

answer: The Yale University Art Gallery

question: How many items are in The Yale University Art Gallery? 

answer: more than 180,000

question: Where is the largest center for British art, UK not included? 

answer: The Yale Center for British Art

question: Whose contributions started The Yale Center for British Art? 

answer: Paul Mellon

question: Who designed the building for The Yale Center for British Art? 

answer: Louis Kahn
Title: Yale_University
Context: Yale's English and Comparative Literature departments were part of the New Criticism movement. Of the New Critics, Robert Penn Warren, W.K. Wimsatt, and Cleanth Brooks were all Yale faculty. Later, the Yale Comparative literature department became a center of American deconstruction. Jacques Derrida, the father of deconstruction, taught at the Department of Comparative Literature from the late seventies to mid-1980s. Several other Yale faculty members were also associated with deconstruction, forming the so-called "Yale School". These included Paul de Man who taught in the Departments of Comparative Literature and French, J. Hillis Miller, Geoffrey Hartman (both taught in the Departments of English and Comparative Literature), and Harold Bloom (English), whose theoretical position was always somewhat specific, and who ultimately took a very different path from the rest of this group. Yale's history department has also originated important intellectual trends. Historians C. Vann Woodward and David Brion Davis are credited with beginning in the 1960s and 1970s an important stream of southern historians; likewise, David Montgomery, a labor historian, advised many of the current generation of labor historians in the country. Yale's Music School and Department fostered the growth of Music Theory in the latter half of the 20th century. The Journal of Music Theory was founded there in 1957; Allen Forte and David Lewin were influential teachers and scholars.

question: Which of the New Critics were staffed at Yale? 

answer: Robert Penn Warren, W.K. Wimsatt, and Cleanth Brooks

question: Who is known as the father of deconstruction? 

answer: Jacques Derrida

question: Where did Jacques Derrida teach from the late 1970's to mid 1980's? 

answer: Department of Comparative Literature

question: Which Yale staffed labor historian advised other younger labor historians? 

answer: David Montgomery

question: When was The Journal of Music Theory founded? 

answer: 1957
Title: Yale_University
Context: Yale's residential college system was established in 1933 by Edward S. Harkness, who admired the social intimacy of Oxford and Cambridge and donated significant funds to found similar colleges at Yale and Harvard. Though Yale's colleges resemble their English precursors organizationally and architecturally, they are dependent entities of Yale College and have limited autonomy. The colleges are led by a master and an academic dean, who reside in the college, and university faculty and affiliates comprise each college's fellowship. Colleges offer their own seminars, social events, and speaking engagements known as "Master's Teas," but do not contain programs of study or academic departments. Instead, all undergraduate courses are taught by the Faculty of Arts and Sciences and are open to members of any college.

question: When was Yale's residential college system established? 

answer: 1933

question: Who established Yale's residential college system? 

answer: Edward S. Harkness

question: Who runs Yale's residential colleges? 

answer: The colleges are led by a master and an academic dean

question: Are there academic programs in Yale's residential colleges? 

answer: do not contain programs of study or academic departments

question: Who teaches Yale's residential college's undergraduate classes? 

answer: Faculty of Arts and Sciences
Title: Yale_University
Context: While Harkness' original colleges were Georgian Revival or Collegiate Gothic in style, two colleges constructed in the 1960s, Morse and Ezra Stiles Colleges, have modernist designs. All twelve college quadrangles are organized around a courtyard, and each has a dining hall, courtyard, library, common room, and a range of student facilities. The twelve colleges are named for important alumni or significant places in university history. In 2017, the university expects to open two new colleges near Science Hill.

question: In what architectural styles were Harkness' original colleges? 

answer: Georgian Revival or Collegiate Gothic

question: Which two residential colleges are of modernist style? 

answer: Morse and Ezra Stiles Colleges

question: What are Yale's colleges encircling? 

answer: a courtyard

question: Who are the Yale colleges named after? 

answer: important alumni or significant places in university history

question: In what year does the university expect to open two more colleges? 

answer: 2017