praj-17/QA-MCQ-Open-ended huggingface dataset:
Title: Tucson,_Arizona
Context: The accomplished and awarded writers (poets, novelists, dramatists, nonfiction writers) who have lived in Tucson include Edward Abbey, Erskine Caldwell, Barbara Kingsolver and David Foster Wallace. Some were associated with the University of Arizona, but many were independent writers who chose to make Tucson their home. The city is particularly active in publishing and presenting contemporary innovative poetry in various ways. Examples are the Chax Press, a publisher of poetry books in trade and book arts editions, and the University of Arizona Poetry Center, which has a sizable poetry library and presents readings, conferences, and workshops.

question: What famous writers have lived in Tucson? 

answer: Edward Abbey, Erskine Caldwell, Barbara Kingsolver and David Foster Wallace

question: What is the Chax Press? 

answer: a publisher of poetry books in trade and book arts editions

question: What does the University of Arizona Poetry Center offer? 

answer: a sizable poetry library and presents readings, conferences, and workshops

question: What university were some of Tucson's famous writers associated with? 

answer: University of Arizona
Title: Tucson,_Arizona
Context: Tucson is commonly known as "The Old Pueblo". While the exact origin of this nickname is uncertain, it is commonly traced back to Mayor R. N. "Bob" Leatherwood. When rail service was established to the city on March 20, 1880, Leatherwood celebrated the fact by sending telegrams to various leaders, including the President of the United States and the Pope, announcing that the "ancient and honorable pueblo" of Tucson was now connected by rail to the outside world. The term became popular with newspaper writers who often abbreviated it as "A. and H. Pueblo". This in turn transformed into the current form of "The Old Pueblo".

question: Who is thought to have led to calling Tucson 'The Old Pueblo'? 

answer: Mayor R. N. "Bob" Leatherwood

question: When did Tucson get a railroad? 

answer: March 20, 1880

question: What did Leatherwood call Tucson in a telegram? 

answer: "ancient and honorable pueblo"

question: How did newspapers abbreviate Leatherwood's phrase? 

answer: "A. and H. Pueblo"

question: Who were among the recipients of Leatherwood's telegram? 

answer: the President of the United States and the Pope
Title: Tucson,_Arizona
Context: The University of Arizona Wildcats sports teams, most notably the men's basketball and women's softball teams have strong local interest. The men's basketball team, formerly coached by Hall of Fame head coach Lute Olson and currently coached by Sean Miller, has made 25 straight NCAA Tournaments and won the 1997 National Championship. Arizona's Softball team has reached the NCAA National Championship game 12 times and has won 8 times, most recently in 2007. The university's swim teams have gained international recognition, with swimmers coming from as far as Japan and Africa to train with the coach Frank Busch who has also worked with the U.S. Olympic swim team for a number of years. Both men and women's swim teams recently[when?] won the NCAA National Championships.

question: How many times has the University of Arizona men's basketball team won NCAA tournaments? 

answer: 25

question: How many times has the University of Arizona women's softball team gone to NCAA National Championships? 

answer: 12

question: How many times has the University of Arizona women's softball team won NCAA National Championships? 

answer: 8

question: Who coaches the University of Arizona's swim team? 

answer: Frank Busch

question: Who coaches the University of Arizona men's basketball team? 

answer: Sean Miller
Title: Tucson,_Arizona
Context: The Tucson Padres played at Kino Veterans Memorial Stadium from 2011 to 2013. They served as the AAA affiliate of the San Diego Padres. The team, formerly known as the Portland Beavers, was temporarily relocated to Tucson from Portland while awaiting the building of a new stadium in Escondido. Legal issues derailed the plans to build the Escondido stadium, so they moved to El Paso, Texas for the 2014 season. Previously, the Tucson Sidewinders, a triple-A affiliate of the Arizona Diamondbacks, won the Pacific Coast League championship and unofficial AAA championship in 2006. The Sidewinders played in Tucson Electric Park and were in the Pacific Conference South of the PCL. The Sidewinders were sold in 2007 and moved to Reno, Nevada after the 2008 season. They now compete as the Reno Aces.

question: Where did the Tucson Sidewinders move to? 

answer: Reno, Nevada

question: What team played at Kino Veterans Memorial Stadium in 2011-2013? 

answer: Tucson Padres

question: Why were the Tucson Padres temporarily in Tucson? 

answer: awaiting the building of a new stadium in Escondido

question: Where did the Padres move when the Escondido stadium fell through? 

answer: El Paso, Texas

question: What is the new name of the Tucson Sidewinders? 

answer: Reno Aces
Title: Tucson,_Arizona
Context: Tracks include Tucson Raceway Park and Rillito Downs. Tucson Raceway Park hosts NASCAR-sanctioned auto racing events and is one of only two asphalt short tracks in Arizona. Rillito Downs is an in-town destination on weekends in January and February each year. This historic track held the first organized quarter horse races in the world, and they are still racing there. The racetrack is threatened by development. The Moltacqua racetrack, was another historic horse racetrack located on what is now Sabino Canyon Road and Vactor Ranch Trail, but it no longer exists.

question: Where does Tucson hold NASCAR races? 

answer: Tucson Raceway Park

question: What kind of races does Rillito Downs hold? 

answer: quarter horse races

question: What former Tucson horse racetrack no longer exists? 

answer: Moltacqua racetrack

question: What is on the former site of the Moltacqua track now? 

answer: Sabino Canyon Road and Vactor Ranch Trail

question: How many asphalt short tracks are in Arizona? 

answer: two
Title: Tucson,_Arizona
Context: The League of American Bicyclists gave Tucson a gold rating for bicycle friendliness in late April 2007. Tucson hosts the largest perimeter cycling event in the United States. The ride called "El Tour de Tucson" happens in November on the Saturday before Thanksgiving. El Tour de Tucson produced and promoted by Perimeter Bicycling has as many as 10,000 participants from all over the world, annually. Tucson is one of only nine cities in the U.S. to receive a gold rating or higher for cycling friendliness from the League of American Bicyclists. The city is known for its winter cycling opportunities. Both road and mountain biking are popular in and around Tucson with trail areas including Starr Pass and Fantasy Island.

question: Who said Tucson is bicycle-friendly, in 2007? 

answer: The League of American Bicyclists

question: When does El Tour de Tucson happen? 

answer: in November on the Saturday before Thanksgiving

question: Who runs El Tour de Tucson? 

answer: Perimeter Bicycling

question: How many people participate in El Tour de Tucson? 

answer: as many as 10,000

question: How many US cities have at least a gold rating for bicycle-friendliness? 

answer: nine
Title: Tucson,_Arizona
Context: In general, Tucson and Pima County support the Democratic Party, as opposed the state's largest metropolitan area, Phoenix, which usually supports the Republican Party. Congressional redistricting in 2013, following the publication of the 2010 Census, divided the Tucson area into three Federal Congressional districts (the first, second and third of Arizona). The city center is in the 3rd District, represented by Raul Grijalva, a Democrat, since 2003, while the more affluent residential areas to the south and east are in the 2nd District, represented by Republican Martha McSally since 2015, and the exurbs north and west between Tucson and Phoenix in the 3rd District are represented by Democrat Ann Kirkpatrick since 2008. The United States Postal Service operates post offices in Tucson. The Tucson Main Post Office is located at 1501 South Cherrybell Stravenue.

question: Which political party does Tucson usually support? 

answer: Democratic

question: Which political party does Phoenix usually support? 

answer: Republican

question: How many Federal Congressional districts was Tucson split into in 2013? 

answer: three

question: Who represents Tucson's city center in Congress? 

answer: Raul Grijalva

question: Who represent's Tucson's wealthy areas in Congress? 

answer: Martha McSally
Title: Tucson,_Arizona
Context: Both the council members and the mayor serve four-year terms; none face term limits. Council members are nominated by their wards via a ward-level primary held in September. The top vote-earners from each party then compete at-large for their ward's seat on the November ballot. In other words, on election day the whole city votes on all the council races up for that year. Council elections are severed: Wards 1, 2, and 4 (as well as the mayor) are up for election in the same year (most recently 2011), while Wards 3, 5, and 6 share another year (most recently 2013).

question: When is Tucson's city council primary? 

answer: September

question: How long are Tucson's city council terms? 

answer: four-year

question: When is Tucson's city council general election? 

answer: November

question: Which wards elect city council members in the same year as the mayor? 

answer: 1, 2, and 4

question: Which wards elect city council members in the alternate year from the mayor? 

answer: 3, 5, and 6
Title: Tucson,_Arizona
Context: Tucson is known for being a trailblazer in voluntary partial publicly financed campaigns. Since 1985, both mayoral and council candidates have been eligible to receive matching public funds from the city. To become eligible, council candidates must receive 200 donations of $10 or more (300 for a mayoral candidate). Candidates must then agree to spending limits equal to 33¢ for every registered Tucson voter, or $79,222 in 2005 (the corresponding figures for mayor are 64¢ per registered voter, or $142,271 in 2003). In return, candidates receive matching funds from the city at a 1:1 ratio of public money to private donations. The only other limitation is that candidates may not exceed 75% of the limit by the date of the primary. Many cities, such as San Francisco and New York City, have copied this system, albeit with more complex spending and matching formulas.

question: When did Tucson begin offering city council candidates public funding? 

answer: 1985

question: What is the spending limit for Tucson city council candidates to get public funding? 

answer: 33¢ for every registered Tucson voter

question: What is the spending limit for Tucson mayoral candidates to get public funding? 

answer: 64¢ per registered voter

question: What major cities later adopted Tucson's city council public funding system? 

answer: San Francisco and New York City

question: How many $10+ donations must Tucson city council candidates receive to get public funding? 

answer: 200
Title: Tucson,_Arizona
Context: Tucson has one daily newspaper, the morning Arizona Daily Star. Wick Communications publishes the daily legal paper The Daily Territorial, while Boulder, Colo.-based 10/13 Communications publishes Tucson Weekly (an "alternative" publication), Inside Tucson Business and the Explorer. TucsonSentinel.com is a nonprofit independent online news organization. Tucson Lifestyle Magazine, Lovin' Life News, DesertLeaf, and Zócalo Magazine are monthly publications covering arts, architecture, decor, fashion, entertainment, business, history, and other events. The Arizona Daily Wildcat is the University of Arizona's student newspaper, and the Aztec News is the Pima Community College student newspaper. The New Vision is the newspaper for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson, and the Arizona Jewish Post is the newspaper of the Jewish Federation of Southern Arizona.

question: What is Tucson's daily general newspaper? 

answer: Arizona Daily Star

question: What is Tucson's daily legal paper? 

answer: The Daily Territorial

question: Who publishes Tucson Weekly? 

answer: 10/13 Communications

question: Where is 10/13 based? 

answer: Boulder, Colo.

question: What is the University of Arizona's student newspaper? 

answer: The Arizona Daily Wildcat
Title: Tucson,_Arizona
Context: The Tucson metro area is served by many local television stations and is the 68th largest designated market area (DMA) in the U.S. with 433,310 homes (0.39% of the total U.S.). It is limited to the three counties of southeastern Arizona (Pima, Santa Cruz, and Cochise) The major television networks serving Tucson are: KVOA 4 (NBC), KGUN 9 (ABC), KMSB-TV 11 (Fox), KOLD-TV 13 (CBS), KTTU 18 (My Network TV) and KWBA 58 (The CW). KUAT-TV 6 is a PBS affiliate run by the University of Arizona (as is sister station KUAS 27).

question: What is Tucson's NBC station? 

answer: KVOA 4

question: What is Tucson's ABC station? 

answer: KGUN 9

question: What is Tucson's Fox station? 

answer: KMSB-TV 11

question: What is Tucson's CBS station? 

answer: KOLD-TV 13

question: What is Tucson's PBS station? 

answer: KUAT-TV 6
Title: Tucson,_Arizona
Context: Tucson's primary electrical power source is a coal and natural gas power-plant managed by Tucson Electric Power that is situated within the city limits on the south-western boundary of Davis-Monthan Air-force base adjacent to Interstate-10. The air pollution generated has raised some concerns as the Sundt operating station has been online since 1962 as is exempt from many pollution standards and controls due to its age. Solar has been gaining ground in Tucson with its ideal over 300 days of sunshine climate. Federal, state, and even local utility credits and incentives have also enticed residents to equip homes with solar systems. Davis-Monthan AFB has a 3.3 Megawatt (MW) ground-mounted solar photovoltaic (PV) array and a 2.7 MW rooftop-mounted PV array, both of which are located in the Base Housing area. The base will soon have the largest solar-generating capacity in the United States Department of Defense after awarding a contract on September 10, 2010, to SunEdison to construct a 14.5 MW PV field on the northwestern side of the base.

question: Who runs Tucson's main power plant? 

answer: Tucson Electric Power

question: What highway is Tucson's main power plant near? 

answer: Interstate-10

question: What does Tucson's main power plant use for fuel? 

answer: coal and natural gas

question: When did Tucson's main power plant begin operation? 

answer: 1962

question: How many days of sunshine does Tucson get each year? 

answer: over 300
Title: Tucson,_Arizona
Context: Perhaps the biggest sustainability problem in Tucson, with its high desert climate, is potable water supply. The state manages all water in Arizona through its Arizona Department of Water Resources (ADWR). The primary consumer of water is Agriculture (including golf courses), which consumes about 69% of all water. Municipal (which includes residential use) accounts for about 25% of use. Energy consumption and availability is another sustainability issue. However, with over 300 days of full sun a year, Tucson has demonstrated its potential to be an ideal solar energy producer.

question: How is most of Tucson's water used? 

answer: Agriculture (including golf courses)

question: How much of Tucson's water is used on agriculture? 

answer: 69%

question: How much of Tucson's water is used on residential/city use? 

answer: 25%

question: How many days of full sun does Tucson get each year? 

answer: over 300

question: What agency manages Tucson's water? 

answer: Arizona Department of Water Resources
Title: Tucson,_Arizona
Context: In an effort to conserve water, Tucson is recharging groundwater supplies by running part of its share of CAP water into various open portions of local rivers to seep into their aquifer. Additional study is scheduled to determine the amount of water that is lost through evaporation from the open areas, especially during the summer. The City of Tucson already provides reclaimed water to its inhabitants, but it is only used for "applications such as irrigation, dust control, and industrial uses." These resources have been in place for more than 27 years, and deliver to over 900 locations.

question: How is Tucson replenishing its groundwater? 

answer: running part of its share of CAP water into various open portions of local rivers to seep into their aquifer

question: What does Tucson use reclaimed water for? 

answer: irrigation, dust control, and industrial uses

question: How long has Tucson's water conservation efforts been underway? 

answer: more than 27 years
Title: Tucson,_Arizona
Context: To prevent further loss of groundwater, Tucson has been involved in water conservation and groundwater preservation efforts, shifting away from its reliance on a series of Tucson area wells in favor of conservation, consumption-based pricing for residential and commercial water use, and new wells in the more sustainable Avra Valley aquifer, northwest of the city. An allocation from the Central Arizona Project Aqueduct (CAP), which passes more than 300 mi (480 km) across the desert from the Colorado River, has been incorporated into the city's water supply, annually providing over 20 million gallons of "recharged" water which is pumped into the ground to replenish water pumped out. Since 2001, CAP water has allowed the city to remove or turn off over 80 wells.

question: What is the CAP? 

answer: Central Arizona Project Aqueduct

question: How long is the CAP? 

answer: more than 300 mi (480 km)

question: What water source feeds the CAP? 

answer: Colorado River

question: What aquifer is Tucson starting new wells in? 

answer: Avra Valley aquifer

question: How many wells has Tucson stopped using since 2001? 

answer: over 80
Title: Tucson,_Arizona
Context: Tucson's Sun Tran bus system serves greater Tucson with standard, express, regional shuttle, and on-demand shuttle bus service. It was awarded Best Transit System in 1988 and 2005. A 3.9-mile streetcar line, Sun Link, connects the University of Arizona campus with 4th Avenue, downtown, and the Mercado District west of Interstate 10 and the Santa Cruz River. Ten-minute headway passenger service began July 25, 2014. The streetcar utilizes Sun Tran's card payment and transfer system, connecting with the University of Arizona's CatTran shuttles, Amtrak, and Greyhound intercity bus service.

question: How long is the Sun Link? 

answer: 3.9-mile

question: What is Tucson's bus system called? 

answer: Sun Tran

question: What transit systems does Sun Link connect to? 

answer: the University of Arizona's CatTran shuttles, Amtrak, and Greyhound intercity bus service

question: When did Tucson get a 'Best Transit System' award? 

answer: 1988 and 2005

question: What kind of vehicles operate on the Sun Link? 

answer: streetcar
Title: Tucson,_Arizona
Context: Cycling is popular in Tucson due to its flat terrain and dry climate. Tucson and Pima County maintain an extensive network of marked bike routes, signal crossings, on-street bike lanes, mountain-biking trails, and dedicated shared-use paths. The Loop is a network of seven linear parks comprising over 100 mi (160 km) of paved, vehicle-free trails that encircles the majority of the city with links to Marana and Oro Valley. The Tucson-Pima County Bicycle Advisory Committee (TPCBAC) serves in an advisory capacity to local governments on issues relating to bicycle recreation, transportation, and safety. Tucson was awarded a gold rating for bicycle-friendliness by the League of American Bicyclists in 2006.

question: Why is cycling popular in Tucson? 

answer: its flat terrain and dry climate

question: What is The Loop? 

answer: a network of seven linear parks

question: How many miles of trails are in The Loop? 

answer: over 100

question: What organization advises the Tucson government on bike concerns? 

answer: Tucson-Pima County Bicycle Advisory Committee

question: What kind of places to ride bikes does Tucson have? 

answer: marked bike routes, signal crossings, on-street bike lanes, mountain-biking trails, and dedicated shared-use paths
Title: Armenia
Context: Armenia is a unitary, multi-party, democratic nation-state with an ancient cultural heritage. Urartu was established in 860 BC and by the 6th century BC it was replaced by the Satrapy of Armenia. In the 1st century BC the Kingdom of Armenia reached its height under Tigranes the Great. Armenia became the first state in the world to adopt Christianity as its official religion. In between the late 3rd century to early years of the 4th century, the state became the first Christian nation. The official date of state adoption of Christianity is 301 AD. The ancient Armenian kingdom was split between the Byzantine and Sasanian Empires around the early 5th century.

question: What kind of government does Armenia have? 

answer: democratic

question: What religion did Armenia support? 

answer: Christianity

question: Who brought Armenia to success in the 1st century BC? 

answer: Tigranes the Great

question: What two empires did Armenia belong to in the beginning of the 5th century? 

answer: Byzantine and Sasanian

question: When was Urartu created? 

answer: 860 BC
Title: Armenia
Context: Between the 16th century and 19th century, the traditional Armenian homeland composed of Eastern Armenia and Western Armenia came under the rule of the Ottoman and successive Iranian empires, repeatedly ruled by either of the two over the centuries. By the 19th century, Eastern Armenia had been conquered by the Russian Empire, while most of the western parts of the traditional Armenian homeland remained under Ottoman rule. During World War I, Armenians living in their ancestral lands in the Ottoman Empire were systematically exterminated in the Armenian Genocide. In 1918, after the Russian Revolution, all non-Russian countries declared their independence from the Russian empire, leading to the establishment of the First Republic of Armenia. By 1920, the state was incorporated into the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, and in 1922 became a founding member of the Soviet Union. In 1936, the Transcaucasian state was dissolved, transforming its constituent states, including the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, into full Union republics. The modern Republic of Armenia became independent in 1991 during the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

question: Which two empires ruled Armenia between the 16 and 19th Century? 

answer: Ottoman and successive Iranian empires

question: Who took over Eastern Armenia in the 19th century? 

answer: Russian Empire

question: When did the Armenian Genocide occure? 

answer: World War I

question: When did Armenia become part of the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic? 

answer: 1920

question: When did Armenia gain its independence? 

answer: 1991
Title: Armenia
Context: The exonym Armenia is attested in the Old Persian Behistun Inscription (515 BC) as Armina (    ). The ancient Greek terms Ἀρμενία (Armenía) and Ἀρμένιοι (Arménioi, "Armenians") are first mentioned by Hecataeus of Miletus (c. 550 BC – c. 476 BC). Xenophon, a Greek general serving in some of the Persian expeditions, describes many aspects of Armenian village life and hospitality in around 401 BC. He relates that the people spoke a language that to his ear sounded like the language of the Persians. According to the histories of both Moses of Chorene and Michael Chamchian, Armenia derives from the name of Aram, a lineal descendant of Hayk.

question: What name did Armenia gain it's name from? 

answer: Aram

question: When did Xenophon visit Armenia? 

answer: 401 BC

question: Who first referenced the Armenians? 

answer: Hecataeus of Miletus

question: What language does Armenias resemble most? 

answer: Persians