praj-17/QA-MCQ-Open-ended huggingface dataset:
Title: Valencia
Context: Faced with this loss of business, Valencia suffered a severe economic crisis. This manifested early in 1519–1523 when the artisan guilds known as the Germanies revolted against the government of the Habsburg king Charles I in Valencia, now part of the Crown of Aragon, with most of the fighting done in 1521. The revolt was an anti-monarchist, anti-feudal autonomist movement inspired by the Italian republics, and a social revolt against the nobility who had fled the city before an epidemic of plague in 1519. It also bore a strong anti-Islamic aspect, as rebels rioted against Aragon's population of mudéjars and imposed forced conversions to Christianity.

question: Whose government did the guilds rebel against? 

answer: Charles I

question: When did the guilds' rebellion take place? 

answer: 1519–1523

question: What caused the nobility to leave Valencia? 

answer: plague

question: From where did the anti-monarchists get inspiration? 

answer: Italian republics

question: What were the artisan guilds called? 

answer: the Germanies
Title: Valencia
Context: With the abolition of the charters of Valencia and most of its institutions, and the conformation of the kingdom and its capital to the laws and customs of Castile, top civil officials were no longer elected, but instead were appointed directly from Madrid, the king's court city, the offices often filled by foreign aristocrats. Valencia had to become accustomed to being an occupied city, living with the presence of troops quartered in the Citadel near the convent of Santo Domingo and in other buildings such as the Lonja, which served as a barracks until 1762.

question: What type of people often held Valencia's offices? 

answer: foreign aristocrats

question: From where were Valencia's officials chosen? 

answer: Madrid

question: What convent was close to the area where troops lived? 

answer: Santo Domingo

question: Until when was the Lonja used to quarter troops? 

answer: 1762
Title: Valencia
Context: Ferdinand refused and went to Valencia instead of Madrid. Here, on 17 April, General Elio invited the King to reclaim his absolute rights and put his troops at the King's disposition. The king abolished the Constitution of 1812. He followed this act by dissolving the two chambers of the Spanish Parliament on 10 May. Thus began six years (1814–1820) of absolutist rule, but the constitution was reinstated during the Trienio Liberal, a period of three years of liberal government in Spain from 1820–1823.

question: Where did Ferdinand go rather than Madrid? 

answer: Valencia

question: How long did absolutist rule last? 

answer: six years

question: When was the Trieno Liberal? 

answer: 1820–1823

question: When was the Constitution abolished? 

answer: 1812

question: Who offered troops to the King? 

answer: General Elio
Title: Valencia
Context: The public water supply network was completed in 1850, and in 1858 the architects Sebastián Monleón Estellés, Antonino Sancho, and Timoteo Calvo drafted a general expansion project for the city that included demolishing its ancient walls (a second version was printed in 1868). Neither proposed project received final approval, but they did serve as a guide, though not closely followed, for future growth. By 1860 the municipality had 140,416 inhabitants, and beginning in 1866 the ancient city walls were almost entirely demolished to facilitate urban expansion. Electricity was introduced to Valencia in 1882.

question: When were plans for city expansion drawn? 

answer: 1858

question: What was finished in 1850? 

answer: public water supply network

question: When did Valencia get electricity? 

answer: 1882

question: What was knocked down in 1866? 

answer: city walls

question: What was Valencia's population in 1860? 

answer: 140,416
Title: Valencia
Context: The economy began to recover in the early 1960s, and the city experienced explosive population growth through immigration spurred by the jobs created with the implementation of major urban projects and infrastructure improvements. With the advent of democracy in Spain, the ancient kingdom of Valencia was established as a new autonomous entity, the Valencian Community, the Statute of Autonomy of 1982 designating Valencia as its capital. On the night of 23 February 1981, shortly after Antonio Tejero had stormed Congress, the Captain General of the Third Military Region, Jaime Milans del Bosch, rose up in Valencia, put tanks on the streets, declared a state of emergency and tried to convince other senior military figures to support the coup. After the televised message of King Juan Carlos I, those in the military who had not yet aligned themselves decided to remain loyal to the government, and the coup failed. Despite this lack of support, Milans del Bosch only surrendered at 5 a.m. on the next day, 24 February.

question: When democracy began in Spain, what did the kingdom of Valencia become? 

answer: the Valencian Community

question: Who led a coup in Valencia? 

answer: Jaime Milans del Bosch

question: Whose message convinced much of the military to stay loyal? 

answer: King Juan Carlos I

question: When did Milans del Bosch surrender? 

answer: 24 February

question: What law made Valencia the capital of its region? 

answer: Statute of Autonomy
Title: Valencia
Context: The largest plaza in Valencia is the Plaza del Ayuntamiento; it is home to the City Hall (Ayuntamiento) on its western side and the central post office (Edificio de Correos) on its eastern side, a cinema that shows classic movies, and many restaurants and bars. The plaza is triangular in shape, with a large cement lot at the southern end, normally surrounded by flower vendors. It serves as ground zero during the Les Falles when the fireworks of the Mascletà can be heard every afternoon. There is a large fountain at the northern end.

question: Where is Valencia's City Hall located? 

answer: Plaza del Ayuntamiento

question: What is on the eastern side of Valencia's largest plaza? 

answer: the central post office

question: What shape is the Plaza del Ayuntamiento? 

answer: triangular

question: What is in the north part of the plaza? 

answer: a large fountain

question: When are firewords heard every day? 

answer: during the Les Falles
Title: Valencia
Context: The Valencia Cathedral was called Iglesia Mayor in the early days of the Reconquista, then Iglesia de la Seo (Seo is from the Latin sedes, i.e., (archiepiscopal) See), and by virtue of the papal concession of 16 October 1866, it was called the Basilica Metropolitana. It is situated in the centre of the ancient Roman city where some believe the temple of Diana stood. In Gothic times, it seems to have been dedicated to the Holy Saviour; the Cid dedicated it to the Blessed Virgin; King James I of Aragon did likewise, leaving in the main chapel the image of the Blessed Virgin, which he carried with him and is reputed to be the one now preserved in the sacristy. The Moorish mosque, which had been converted into a Christian Church by the conqueror, was deemed unworthy of the title of the cathedral of Valencia, and in 1262 Bishop Andrés de Albalat laid the cornerstone of the new Gothic building, with three naves; these reach only to the choir of the present building. Bishop Vidal de Blanes built the chapter hall, and James I added the tower, called El Miguelete because it was blessed on St. Michael's day in 1418. The tower is about 58 m high and topped with a belfry (1660–1736).

question: What was the Valencia Cathedral called from 1866? 

answer: Basilica Metropolitana

question: What pagan deity may have had a temple where the Valencia Cathedral is now? 

answer: Diana

question: How tall is the cathedral's tower? 

answer: 58 m

question: What is the tower called? 

answer: El Miguelete

question: What was the Cathedral's name from early in the Reconquista?  

answer: Iglesia Mayor
Title: Valencia
Context: Once a year between 2008–2012 the European Formula One Grand Prix took place in the Valencia Street Circuit. Valencia is among with Barcelona, Porto and Monte Carlo the only European cities ever to host Formula One World Championship Grands Prix on public roads in the middle of cities. The final race in 2012 European Grand Prix saw an extremely popular winner, since home driver Fernando Alonso won for Ferrari in spite of starting halfway down the field. The Valencian Community motorcycle Grand Prix (Gran Premi de la Comunitat Valenciana de motociclisme) is part of the Grand Prix motorcycle racing season at the Circuit Ricardo Tormo (also known as Circuit de Valencia). Periodically the Spanish round of the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters touring car racing Championship (DTM) is held in Valencia.

question: Who won the last race of the European Grand Prix in 2012? 

answer: Fernando Alonso

question: What motorcycle event is held in Valencia? 

answer: Valencian Community motorcycle Grand Prix

question: In which years was the European Formula One Grand Prix in Valencia? 

answer: 2008–2012

question: What is another name for the Circuit Recardo Tormo? 

answer: Circuit de Valencia
Title: General_Electric
Context: It has been said that GE got into computer manufacturing because in the 1950s they were the largest user of computers outside the United States federal government, aside from being the first business in the world to own a computer. Its major appliance manufacturing plant "Appliance Park" was the first non-governmental site to host one. However, in 1970, GE sold its computer division to Honeywell, exiting the computer manufacturing industry, though it retained its timesharing operations for some years afterwards. GE was a major provider of computer timesharing services, through General Electric Information Services (GEIS, now GXS), offering online computing services that included GEnie.

question: During which decade did GE start manufacuring computers? 

answer: 1950s

question: What was the name of GE's major appliance manufacturing plant? 

answer: Appliance Park

question: In what year did GE sell its computer division to Honeywell? 

answer: 1970

question: What division of GE provides computer timesharing services? 

answer: GXS

question: What was the name of first business in the world to own a computer? 

answer: GE
Title: General_Electric
Context: During 1889, Thomas Edison had business interests in many electricity-related companies: Edison Lamp Company, a lamp manufacturer in East Newark, New Jersey; Edison Machine Works, a manufacturer of dynamos and large electric motors in Schenectady, New York; Bergmann & Company, a manufacturer of electric lighting fixtures, sockets, and other electric lighting devices; and Edison Electric Light Company, the patent-holding company and the financial arm backed by J.P. Morgan and the Vanderbilt family for Edison's lighting experiments. In 1889, Drexel, Morgan & Co., a company founded by J.P. Morgan and Anthony J. Drexel, financed Edison's research and helped merge those companies under one corporation to form Edison General Electric Company which was incorporated in New York on April 24, 1889. The new company also acquired Sprague Electric Railway & Motor Company in the same year.

question: What was the name of the lamp manufacturer in East Newark which Thomas Edison an interest in? 

answer: Edison Lamp Company

question: Where was Edison Machine Works located? 

answer: Schenectady, New York

question: Who provided financial backing for the Edison Lighting Company? 

answer: J.P. Morgan and the Vanderbilt family

question: In what year did Drexel, Morgan & Co. begin to finance Edison's research and form Edison General Electric Company? 

answer: 1889

question: What was the name of the company that held the patents from Edison's research? 

answer: Edison Electric Light Company
Title: General_Electric
Context: Since over half of GE's revenue is derived from financial services, it is arguably a financial company with a manufacturing arm. It is also one of the largest lenders in countries other than the United States, such as Japan. Even though the first wave of conglomerates (such as ITT Corporation, Ling-Temco-Vought, Tenneco, etc.) fell by the wayside by the mid-1980s, in the late 1990s, another wave (consisting of Westinghouse, Tyco, and others) tried and failed to emulate GE's success.[citation needed]

question: What is the business source of the majority of GE's revenues? 

answer: financial services

question: Besides ITT Corporation, which two companies tried to emulate GE, but failed by the mid-1980's? 

answer: Ling-Temco-Vought, Tenneco

question: How much of GE's revenues is derived from the financial services it provides? 

answer: over half

question: In what other country besides the US does GE provide lending services? 

answer: Japan
Title: General_Electric
Context: The changes included a new corporate color palette, small modifications to the GE logo, a new customized font (GE Inspira) and a new slogan, "Imagination at work", composed by David Lucas, to replace the slogan "We Bring Good Things to Life" used since 1979. The standard requires many headlines to be lowercased and adds visual "white space" to documents and advertising. The changes were designed by Wolff Olins and are used on GE's marketing, literature and website. In 2014, a second typeface family was introduced: GE Sans and Serif by Bold Monday created under art direction by Wolff Olins.

question: Who composed GE's slogan "Imagination at work?"? 

answer: David Lucas

question: What was GE's slogan prior to "Imagination at work?" 

answer: We Bring Good Things to Life

question: In what year was the slogan "We Bring Good Things to Life" first used? 

answer: 1979

question: Which company designed the standard format for GE's marketing literature and website? 

answer: Wolff Olins

question: What is the name of the typeface family created for GE in 2014? 

answer: GE Sans and Serif by Bold Monday
Title: General_Electric
Context: GE has a history of some of its activities giving rise to large-scale air and water pollution. Based on year 2000 data, researchers at the Political Economy Research Institute listed the corporation as the fourth-largest corporate producer of air pollution in the United States, with more than 4.4 million pounds per year (2,000 tons) of toxic chemicals released into the air. GE has also been implicated in the creation of toxic waste. According to EPA documents, only the United States Government, Honeywell, and Chevron Corporation are responsible for producing more Superfund toxic waste sites.

question: Based on year 2000 data, where is GE ranked among the largest corporate producers of air pollution in the US? 

answer: fourth-largest

question: How many tons of toxic chemicals does GE release into the atmosphere each year? 

answer: 2,000

question: According to which government agency is GE a leading producer of Superfund toxic waste sites? 

answer: EPA

question: Which two commercial businesses produce more Superfund toxic waste sites than GE? 

answer: Honeywell, and Chevron Corporation

question: Which organization identified GE as the fourth largest corporate producer of air pollution in the US? 

answer: Political Economy Research Institute
Title: General_Electric
Context: At about the same time, Charles Coffin, leading the Thomson-Houston Electric Company, acquired a number of competitors and gained access to their key patents. General Electric was formed through the 1892 merger of Edison General Electric Company of Schenectady, New York, and Thomson-Houston Electric Company of Lynn, Massachusetts, with the support of Drexel, Morgan & Co. Both plants continue to operate under the GE banner to this day. The company was incorporated in New York, with the Schenectady plant used as headquarters for many years thereafter. Around the same time, General Electric's Canadian counterpart, Canadian General Electric, was formed.

question: In what year was General Electric formed? 

answer: 1892

question: In which US state was GE incorporated? 

answer: New York

question: Which city was the home of GE's first headquarters? 

answer: Schenectady

question: Who led the Thomson-Houston Electric Company when GE was formed? 

answer: Charles Coffin

question: Where was the Thomson-Houston Electric Company based? 

answer: Lynn, Massachusetts
Title: General_Electric
Context: From circa 1932 until 1977, General Electric polluted the Housatonic River with PCBs discharges from the General Electric plant at Pittsfield, Massachusetts. Aroclor 1254 and Aroclor 1260, made by Monsanto was the primary contaminant of the pollution. The highest concentrations of PCBs in the Housatonic River are found in Woods Pond in Lenox, Massachusetts, just south of Pittsfield, where they have been measured up to 110 mg/kg in the sediment. About 50% of all the PCBs currently in the river are estimated to be retained in the sediment behind Woods Pond dam. This is estimated to be about 11,000 pounds of PCBs. Former filled oxbows are also polluted. Waterfowl and fish who live in and around the river contain significant levels of PCBs and can present health risks if consumed.

question: Which river did GE pollute with PCBs from its plant in Pittsfield, MA? 

answer: Housatonic River

question: How many pounds of PCBs are estimated to be retained in the sediment behind Woods Pond dam? 

answer: 11,000

question: How high have the levels of PCBs in the sediments behind Woods Pond dam been measured at? 

answer: 110 mg/kg

question: What were the primary contaminants contained in the pollution discharged into the Housatonic River? 

answer: Aroclor 1254 and Aroclor 1260

question: Which company produced the Aroctor 1254 and Aroctor 1260? 

answer: Monsanto
Title: General_Electric
Context: GE (General Electric) Energy's renewable energy business has expanded greatly, to keep up with growing U.S. and global demand for clean energy. Since entering the renewable energy industry in 2002, GE has invested more than $850 million in renewable energy commercialization. In August 2008 it acquired Kelman Ltd, a Northern Ireland company specializing in advanced monitoring and diagnostics technologies for transformers used in renewable energy generation, and announced an expansion of its business in Northern Ireland in May 2010. In 2009, GE's renewable energy initiatives, which include solar power, wind power and GE Jenbacher gas engines using renewable and non-renewable methane-based gases, employ more than 4,900 people globally and have created more than 10,000 supporting jobs.

question: In what year did GE enter the renewable energy industry? 

answer: 2002

question: How much money has GE invested in renewable energy commercialization? 

answer: more than $850 million

question: In what year did GE acquire Kelman Ltd.? 

answer: 2008

question: As of 2009, how many people did GE employ in its renewable energy initiatives? 

answer: more than 4,900

question: When did GE announce an expansion of its business in Northern Ireland? 

answer: May 2010
Title: General_Electric
Context: In May 2005, GE announced the launch of a program called "Ecomagination," intended, in the words of CEO Jeff Immelt "to develop tomorrow's solutions such as solar energy, hybrid locomotives, fuel cells, lower-emission aircraft engines, lighter and stronger durable materials, efficient lighting, and water purification technology". The announcement prompted an op-ed piece in The New York Times to observe that, "while General Electric's increased emphasis on clean technology will probably result in improved products and benefit its bottom line, Mr. Immelt's credibility as a spokesman on national environmental policy is fatally flawed because of his company's intransigence in cleaning up its own toxic legacy."

question: When did GE announce its Ecoimagination program? 

answer: May 2005

question: Who was the CEO of GE when it announced its Ecoimagination program? 

answer: Jeff Immelt

question: What type of technology related to water was to be developed under the Ecoimagination program? 

answer: water purification technology

question: Which newspaper printed an op-ed piece that questioned Immelt's credibility as a spokesman on environmental policy? 

answer: The New York Times

question: What type of locomotive technology was to be developed by GE under its Ecoimagination program? 

answer: hybrid
Title: General_Electric
Context: GE's history of working with turbines in the power-generation field gave them the engineering know-how to move into the new field of aircraft turbosuperchargers.[citation needed] Led by Sanford Alexander Moss, GE introduced the first superchargers during World War I, and continued to develop them during the Interwar period. Superchargers became indispensable in the years immediately prior to World War II, and GE was the world leader in exhaust-driven supercharging when the war started. This experience, in turn, made GE a natural selection to develop the Whittle W.1 jet engine that was demonstrated in the United States in 1941. GE ranked ninth among United States corporations in the value of wartime production contracts. Although their early work with Whittle's designs was later handed to Allison Engine Company, GE Aviation emerged as one of the world's largest engine manufacturers, second only to the British company, Rolls-Royce plc.

question: Who led GE's effort to build the first turbosupercharges during World War I? 

answer: Sanford Alexander Moss

question: Which jet engine did GE introduce in 1941? 

answer: Whittle W.1

question: What was GE's rank among US corporations in the value of wartime production contracts during World War II? 

answer: ninth

question: To which company did GE hand off their work on Whittle's jet engines? 

answer: Allison Engine Company

question: Which company is ranked as the largest engine manufacturer in the world? 

answer: Rolls-Royce plc
Title: General_Electric
Context: General Electric heavily contaminated the Hudson River with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) between 1947-77. This pollution caused a range of harmful effects to wildlife and people who eat fish from the river or drink the water. In response to this contamination, activists protested in various ways. Musician Pete Seeger founded the Hudson River Sloop Clearwater and the Clearwater Festival to draw attention to the problem. The activism led to the site being designated by the EPA as one of the superfund sites requiring extensive cleanup. Other sources of pollution, including mercury contamination and sewage dumping, have also contributed to problems in the Hudson River watershed.

question: In what time period did GE pollute the Hudson River with PCBs? 

answer: 1947-77

question: Who founded the Hudson River Sloop Clearwater and the Clearwater Festival to bring attention to the pollution caused by GE? 

answer: Pete Seeger

question: What does PCB stand for? 

answer: polychlorinated biphenyls

question: What designation did the EPA give to the site of GE's Hudson River pollution 

answer: superfund

question: What other types of pollution have contaminated the Hudson River watershed? 

answer: mercury contamination and sewage dumping
Title: General_Electric
Context: GE has said that it will invest $1.4 billion in clean technology research and development in 2008 as part of its Ecomagination initiative. As of October 2008, the scheme had resulted in 70 green products being brought to market, ranging from halogen lamps to biogas engines. In 2007, GE raised the annual revenue target for its Ecomagination initiative from $20 billion in 2010 to $25 billion following positive market response to its new product lines. In 2010, GE continued to raise its investment by adding $10 billion into Ecomagination over the next five years.

question: How much money has GE said it will invest in 2008 for clean technology R&D? 

answer: $1.4 billion

question: How many green products did GE bring to market via its Ecoimagination program as of October 2008? 

answer: 70

question: What type of engine did GE bring to market as part of its Ecoimagination project? 

answer: biogas

question: What type of lamp was introduced by GE as part of its Ecoimagination initiative? 

answer: halogen

question: What was GE's new revenue target for its Ecoimagination program in 2010? 

answer: $25 billion