praj-17/QA-MCQ-Open-ended huggingface dataset:
Title: Nigeria
Context: The vast majority of Muslims in Nigeria are Sunni belonging to Maliki school of jurisprudence; however, a sizeable minority also belongs to Shafi madhhab. A large number of Sunni Muslims are members of Sufi brotherhoods. Most Sufis follow the Qadiriyya, Tijaniyyah and/or the Mouride movements. A significant Shia minority exists (see Shia in Nigeria). Some northern states have incorporated Sharia law into their previously secular legal systems, which has brought about some controversy. Kano State has sought to incorporate Sharia law into its constitution. The majority of Quranists follow the Kalo Kato or Quraniyyun movement. There are also Ahmadiyya and Mahdiyya minorities.

question: What type of Islam is most common in Nigeria? 

answer: Sunni

question: What school of Sunni Islam is most common in Nigeria? 

answer: Maliki school of jurisprudence

question: What Islamic law is being used in some Nigerian states? 

answer: Sharia

question: What Nigerian state is trying to make Sharia law part of its constitution? 

answer: Kano
Title: Nigeria
Context: According to a 2001 report from The World Factbook by CIA, about 50% of Nigeria's population is Muslim, 40% are Christians and 10% adhere to local religions. But in some recent report, the Christian population is now sightly larger than the Muslim population. An 18 December 2012 report on religion and public life by the Pew Research Center stated that in 2010, 49.3 percent of Nigeria's population was Christian, 48.8 percent was Muslim, and 1.9 percent were followers of indigenous and other religions, or unaffiliated. Additionally, the 2010s census of Association of Religion Data Archives has reported that 46.5 percent of the total population is Christian, slightly bigger than the Muslim population of 45.5 percent, and that 7.7 percent are members of other religious groups.

question: In 2001, what percent of Nigeria's population was Muslim? 

answer: about 50%

question: In 2001, what percent of Nigeria's population was Christian? 

answer: 40%

question: In 2001, what percent of Nigeria's population followed local religions? 

answer: 10%

question: According to Pew, in 2010, what percent of Nigeria's population was Muslim? 

answer: 48.8 percent

question: According to Pew, in 2010, what percent of Nigeria's population was Christian? 

answer: 49.3 percent
Title: Nigeria
Context: Among Christians, the Pew Research survey found that 74% were Protestant, 25% were Catholic, and 1% belonged to other Christian denominations, including a small Orthodox Christian community. In terms of Nigeria's major ethnic groups, the Hausa ethnic group (predominant in the north) was found to be 95% Muslim and 5% Christian, the Yoruba tribe (predominant in the west) was 55% Muslim, 35% Christian and 10% adherents of other religions, while the Igbos (predominant in the east) and the Ijaw (south) were 98% Christian, with 2% practising traditional religions. The middle belt of Nigeria contains the largest number of minority ethnic groups in Nigeria, who were found to be mostly Christians and members of traditional religions, with a small proportion of Muslims.

question: How many Nigerian Christians are Protestant? 

answer: 74%

question: How many Nigerian Christians are Catholic? 

answer: 25%

question: How many Nigerian Christians are Orthodox and other sects? 

answer: 1%

question: Which Nigerian tribe is 95% Muslim? 

answer: Hausa

question: Which Eastern Nigerian tribe is 98% Christian? 

answer: Igbos
Title: Nigeria
Context: Leading Protestant churches in the country include the Church of Nigeria of the Anglican Communion, the Assemblies of God Church, the Nigerian Baptist Convention and The Synagogue, Church Of All Nations Since the 1990s, there has been significant growth in many other churches, particularly the evangelical Protestant ones. These include the Redeemed Christian Church of God, Winners' Chapel, Christ Apostolic Church (the first Aladura Movement in Nigeria), Deeper Christian Life Ministry, Evangelical Church of West Africa, Mountain of Fire and Miracles, Christ Embassy and The Synagogue Church Of All Nations. In addition, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, the Aladura Church, the Seventh-day Adventist and various indigenous churches have also experienced growth.

question: When did many newer churches start growing in Nigeria? 

answer: Since the 1990s

question: What is the largest Anglican church in Nigeria? 

answer: the Church of Nigeria of the Anglican Communion

question: What is the largest Baptist church in Nigeria? 

answer: the Nigerian Baptist Convention
Title: Nigeria
Context: Health care delivery in Nigeria is a concurrent responsibility of the three tiers of government in the country, and the private sector. Nigeria has been reorganising its health system since the Bamako Initiative of 1987, which formally promoted community-based methods of increasing accessibility of drugs and health care services to the population, in part by implementing user fees. The new strategy dramatically increased accessibility through community-based healthcare reform, resulting in more efficient and equitable provision of services. A comprehensive approach strategy was extended to all areas of health care, with subsequent improvement in the health care indicators and improvement in health care efficiency and cost.

question: When did the Bamako Initiative begin? 

answer: 1987

question: Nigeria is adding what kind of costs to its healthcare system? 

answer: user fees

question: When did Nigeria start reorganizing its healthcare system? 

answer: 1987
Title: Nigeria
Context: HIV/AIDS rate in Nigeria is much lower compared to the other African nations such as Kenya or South Africa whose prevalence (percentage) rates are in the double digits. As of 2012[update], the HIV prevalence rate among adults ages 15–49 was just 3.1 percent. As of 2014[update], Life expectancy in Nigeria is 52.62 years on average according to CIA, and just over half the population have access to potable water and appropriate sanitation; As of 2010[update], the Infant mortality is 8.4 deaths per 1000 live births.

question: How much of Nigeria has HIV as of 2012? 

answer: 3.1 percent

question: What is Nigeria's life expectancy? 

answer: 52.62 years

question: How much of the Nigerian population has access to clean water? 

answer: just over half

question: What was Nigeria's infant mortality rate as of 2010? 

answer: 8.4 deaths per 1000 live births
Title: Nigeria
Context: Nigeria was the only country in Africa to have never eradicated polio, which it periodically exported to other African countries; Polio was cut 98% between 2009 and 2010. However, a major breakthrough came in December 2014, when it was reported that Nigeria hadn't recorded a polio case in 6 months, and on its way to be declared Polio free.  In 2012, a new bone marrow donor program was launched by the University of Nigeria to help people with leukaemia, lymphoma, or sickle cell disease to find a compatible donor for a life-saving bone marrow transplant, which cures them of their conditions. Nigeria became the second African country to have successfully carried out this surgery. In the 2014 ebola outbreak, Nigeria was the first country to effectively contain and eliminate the Ebola threat that was ravaging three other countries in the West African region, the Nigerian unique method of contact tracing employed by Nigeria became an effective method later used by countries, such as the united States, when ebola threats were discovered.

question: What was the last African country to still have significant Polio problems? 

answer: Nigeria

question: When had Nigeria not had a reported polio case in 6 months for the first time? 

answer: December 2014

question: When did Nigeria launch a bone marrow donation program? 

answer: 2012

question: Which entity runs Nigeria's bone marrow donation program? 

answer: the University of Nigeria

question: Nigeria was the second African country to perform which medical procedure? 

answer: bone marrow transplant
Title: Nigeria
Context: Education in Nigeria is overseen by the Ministry of Education. Local authorities take responsibility for implementing policy for state-controlled public education and state schools at a regional level. The education system is divided into Kindergarten, primary education, secondary education and tertiary education. After the 1970s oil boom, tertiary education was improved so that it would reach every subregion of Nigeria. 68% of the Nigerian population is literate, and the rate for men (75.7%) is higher than that for women (60.6%).

question: What department runs Nigeria's schools? 

answer: the Ministry of Education

question: When did Nigeria improve its tertiary education? 

answer: After the 1970s oil boom

question: How much of Nigeria's population can read? 

answer: 68%

question: How much of Nigeria's male population can read? 

answer: 75.7%

question: How much of Nigeria's female population can read? 

answer: 60.6%
Title: Nigeria
Context: Nigeria is home to a substantial network of organised crime, active especially in drug trafficking. Nigerian criminal groups are heavily involved in drug trafficking, shipping heroin from Asian countries to Europe and America; and cocaine from South America to Europe and South Africa. . The various Nigerian Confraternities or "campus cults" are active in both organised crime and in political violence as well as providing a network of corruption within Nigeria. As confraternities have extensive connections with political and military figures, they offer excellent alumni networking opportunities. The Supreme Vikings Confraternity, for example, boasts that twelve members of the Rivers State House of Assembly are cult members. On lower levels of society, there are the "area boys", organised gangs mostly active in Lagos who specialise in mugging and small-scale drug dealing. According to official statistics, gang violence in Lagos resulted in 273 civilians and 84 policemen killed in the period of August 2000 to May 2001.

question: What is Nigeria's most popular organized-crime activity? 

answer: drug trafficking

question: What drug does Nigeria ship from Asia to Europe and America? 

answer: heroin

question: What drug does Nigeria ship from South America to Europe and South Africa? 

answer: cocaine

question: How many civilians were killed in Lagos in Aug 2000-May 2001? 

answer: 273

question: How many police were killed in Lagos in Aug 2000-May 2001? 

answer: 84
Title: Nigeria
Context: Internationally, Nigeria is infamous for a form of bank fraud dubbed 419, a type of advance fee fraud (named after Section 419 of the Nigerian Penal Code) along with the "Nigerian scam", a form of confidence trick practised by individuals and criminal syndicates. These scams involve a complicit Nigerian bank (the laws being set up loosely to allow it) and a scammer who claims to have money he needs to obtain from that bank. The victim is talked into exchanging bank account information on the premise that the money will be transferred to him, and then he'll get to keep a cut. In reality, money is taken out instead, and/or large fees (which seem small in comparison with the imaginary wealth he awaits) are deducted. In 2003, the Nigerian Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (or EFCC) was created, ostensibly to combat this and other forms of organised financial crime.

question: What law is the Nigerian 419 scam nicknamed after? 

answer: Section 419 of the Nigerian Penal Code

question: What organization was created to combat the 419 scams? 

answer: the Nigerian Economic and Financial Crimes Commission

question: When was the Nigerian EFCC created? 

answer: 2003

question: What type of scam is the 419 scam? 

answer: advance fee fraud

question: What type of entity is complicit in the 419 scams? 

answer: bank
Title: Nigeria
Context: Nigeria has also been pervaded by political corruption. It was ranked 143 out of 182 countries in Transparency International's 2011 Corruption Perceptions Index; however, it improved to 136th position in 2014. More than $400 billion were stolen from the treasury by Nigeria's leaders between 1960 and 1999. In late 2013, Nigeria's then central bank governor Lamido Sanusi informed President Goodluck Jonathan that the state oil company, NNPC had failed to remit US$20 billion of oil revenues, which it owed the state. Jonathan however dismissed the claim and replaced Sanusi for his mismanagement of the central bank's budget. A Senate committee also found Sanusi’s account to be lacking substance. After the conclusion of the NNPC's account Audit, it was announced in January 2015 that NNPC's non-remitted revenue is actually US$1.48billion, which it needs to refund back to the Government.

question: In 2011 rankings, how bad was Nigeria's corruption ranking? 

answer: 143 out of 182 countries

question: In 2014 rankings, how bad was Nigeria's corruption ranking? 

answer: 136th position

question: How much was embezzled from the Nigerian government in 1960-1999? 

answer: More than $400 billion

question: The state oil company NNPC was initially thought to owe how much to the government? 

answer: US$20 billion

question: In a corrected audit, the state oil company NNPC was found to only owe how much to the government? 

answer: US$1.48billion
Title: Nigeria
Context: The Nigerian film industry is known as Nollywood (a portmanteau of Nigeria and Hollywood) and is now the 2nd-largest producer of movies in the world. Nigerian film studios are based in Lagos, Kano and Enugu, forming a major portion of the local economy of these cities. Nigerian cinema is Africa's largest movie industry in terms of both value and the number of movies produced per year. Although Nigerian films have been produced since the 1960s, the country's film industry has been aided by the rise of affordable digital filming and editing technologies.

question: When did the Nigerian film industry begin? 

answer: the 1960s

question: Which African country has the continent's largest movie industry? 

answer: Nigerian

question: Which cities are Nigeria's movie studios located in? 

answer: Lagos, Kano and Enugu

question: What is the nickname for Nigeria's movie industry? 

answer: Nollywood

question: Where does Nigeria's movie industry rank worldwide? 

answer: 2nd-largest
Title: Nigeria
Context: Football is largely considered the Nigeria's national sport and the country has its own Premier League of football. Nigeria's national football team, known as the "Super Eagles", has made the World Cup on five occasions 1994, 1998, 2002, 2010, and most recently in 2014. In April 1994, the Super Eagles ranked 5th in the FIFA World Rankings, the highest ranking achieved by an African football team. They won the African Cup of Nations in 1980, 1994, and 2013, and have also hosted the U-17 & U-20 World Cup. They won the gold medal for football in the 1996 Summer Olympics (in which they beat Argentina) becoming the first African football team to win gold in Olympic Football.

question: Which years did Nigeria win the African Cup of Nations? 

answer: 1980, 1994, and 2013

question: When did Nigeria win a Summer Olympics gold medal? 

answer: 1996

question: What did Nigeria win a Summer Olympics gold medal for? 

answer: football

question: What country did Nigeria beat to win a Summer Olympics gold medal? 

answer: Argentina

question: What is Nigeria's national football team called? 

answer: Super Eagles
Title: Nigeria
Context: The nation's cadet team from Japan '93 produced some international players notably Nwankwo Kanu, a two-time African Footballer of the year who won the European Champions League with Ajax Amsterdam and later played with Inter Milan, Arsenal, West Bromwich Albion and Portsmouth. Other players that graduated from the junior teams are Nduka Ugbade, Jonathan Akpoborie, Victor Ikpeba, Celestine Babayaro, Wilson Oruma and Taye Taiwo. Some other famous Nigerian footballers include John Obi Mikel, Obafemi Martins, Vincent Enyeama, Yakubu Aiyegbeni, Rashidi Yekini, Peter Odemwingie and Jay-Jay Okocha.

question: Nwankwo Kanu won what honor twice? 

answer: African Footballer of the year

question: Nwankwo Kanu won in what championship league? 

answer: European Champions League

question: What team did Nwankwo Kanu go on to play on? 

answer: Inter Milan, Arsenal
Title: Nigeria
Context: Nigeria's human rights record remains poor; According to the US Department of State, the most significant human rights problems are: use of excessive force by security forces; impunity for abuses by security forces; arbitrary arrests; prolonged pretrial detention; judicial corruption and executive influence on the judiciary; rape, torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment of prisoners, detainees and suspects; harsh and life‑threatening prison and detention centre conditions; human trafficking for the purpose of prostitution and forced labour; societal violence and vigilante killings; child labour, child abuse and child sexual exploitation; female genital mutilation (FGM); domestic violence; discrimination based on sex, ethnicity, region and religion.

question: How are Nigerian prisoners mistreated? 

answer: rape, torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment

question: What are the conditions like in Nigerian prisons? 

answer: harsh and life‑threatening

question: How are children mistreated in Nigeria? 

answer: child labour, child abuse and child sexual exploitation

question: What types of discrimination are common in Nigeria? 

answer: sex, ethnicity, region and religion
Title: Utrecht
Context: Although there is some evidence of earlier inhabitation in the region of Utrecht, dating back to the Stone Age (app. 2200 BCE) and settling in the Bronze Age (app. 1800–800 BCE), the founding date of the city is usually related to the construction of a Roman fortification (castellum), probably built in around 50 CE. A series of such fortresses was built after the Roman emperor Claudius decided the empire should not expand north. To consolidate the border the limes Germanicus defense line was constructed  along the main branch of the river Rhine, which at that time flowed through a more northern bed compared to today (what is now the Kromme Rijn). These fortresses were designed to house a cohort of about 500 Roman soldiers. Near the fort settlements would grow housing artisans, traders and soldiers' wives and children.

question: How far back does evidence of inhabitation date back 

answer: inhabitation in the region of Utrecht, dating back to the Stone Age (app. 2200 BCE)

question:  What did the Roman emperor Claudius decide  

answer: Claudius decided the empire should not expand north.

question: What was built along the Rhine  

answer: To consolidate the border the limes Germanicus defense line was constructed  along the main branch of the river Rhine

question: How many soldiers did the fortress hold  

answer: These fortresses were designed to house a cohort of about 500 Roman soldiers

question: Who settled near the fort  

answer: Near the fort settlements would grow housing artisans, traders and soldiers' wives and children
Title: Utrecht
Context: From the middle of the 3rd century Germanic tribes regularly invaded the Roman territories. Around 275 the Romans could no longer maintain the northern border and Utrecht was abandoned. Little is known about the next period 270–650. Utrecht is first spoken of again several centuries after the Romans left. Under the influence of the growing realms of the Franks, during Dagobert I's reign in the 7th century, a church was built within the walls of the Roman fortress. In ongoing border conflicts with the Frisians this first church was destroyed.

question: Who raided German territories regularly  

answer: Germanic tribes regularly invaded the Roman territories.

question: When did the Romans leave Utrecht 

answer: Around 275 the Romans could no longer maintain the northern border and Utrecht was abandoned

question: What happens between 275 and 650 

answer: Little is known about the next period 270–650.

question: What was built in the 7th century  

answer: a church was built within the walls of the Roman fortress

question: How was the the church destroyed  

answer: In ongoing border conflicts with the Frisians this first church was destroyed.
Title: Utrecht
Context: By the mid-7th century, English and Irish missionaries set out to convert the Frisians. The pope appointed their leader, Willibrordus, bishop of the Frisians. The tenure of Willibrordus is generally considered to be the beginning of the Bishopric of Utrecht. In 723, the Frankish leader Charles Martel bestowed the fortress in Utrecht and the surrounding lands as the base of the bishops. From then on Utrecht became one of the most influential seats of power for the Roman Catholic Church in the Netherlands. The archbishops of Utrecht were based at the uneasy northern border of the Carolingian Empire. In addition, the city of Utrecht had competition from the nearby trading centre Dorestad. After the fall of Dorestad around 850, Utrecht became one of the most important cities in the Netherlands. The importance of Utrecht as a centre of Christianity is illustrated by the election of the Utrecht-born Adriaan Florenszoon Boeyens as pope in 1522 (the last non-Italian pope before John Paul II).

question: Who tried to convert Frisians 

answer: English and Irish missionaries set out to convert the Frisians

question: Who did the pope appoint Bishop 

answer: The pope appointed their leader, Willibrordus, bishop of the Frisians

question: What did Charles Martel do  

answer: Frankish leader Charles Martel bestowed the fortress in Utrecht and the surrounding lands as the base of the bishops

question: What year did Utrecht gain in power  

answer: After the fall of Dorestad around 850, Utrecht became one of the most important cities in the Netherlands

question: What showed the importance of Utrecht 

answer: Utrecht as a centre of Christianity is illustrated by the election of the Utrecht-born Adriaan Florenszoon Boeyens as pope in 1522
Title: Utrecht
Context: When the Frankish rulers established the system of feudalism, the Bishops of Utrecht came to exercise worldly power as prince-bishops. The territory of the bishopric not only included the modern province of Utrecht (Nedersticht, 'lower Sticht'), but also extended to the northeast. The feudal conflict of the Middle Ages heavily affected Utrecht. The prince-bishopric was involved in almost continuous conflicts with the Counts of Holland and the Dukes of Guelders. The Veluwe region was seized by Guelders, but large areas in the modern province of Overijssel remained as the Oversticht.

question: What hapend when Frankish rulers established the system of feudalism 

answer: the Bishops of Utrecht came to exercise worldly power as prince-bishops

question: What was part of the territory of bishopric  

answer: not only included the modern province of Utrecht (Nedersticht, 'lower Sticht'), but also extended to the northeast

question: What conflict affected Utrecht 

answer: The feudal conflict of the Middle Ages heavily affected Utrecht

question: Who was in conflict with the prince bishopric  

answer: the Counts of Holland and the Dukes of Guelders

question: What region was seized  

answer: The Veluwe region was seized by Guelders