praj-17/QA-MCQ-Open-ended huggingface dataset:
Title: Melbourne
Context: Batman's Treaty with the Aborigines was annulled by the New South Wales governor (who at the time governed all of eastern mainland Australia), with compensation paid to members of the association. In 1836, Governor Bourke declared the city the administrative capital of the Port Phillip District of New South Wales, and commissioned the first plan for the city, the Hoddle Grid, in 1837. The settlement was named Batmania after Batman. However, later that year the settlement was named "Melbourne" after the British Prime Minister, William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne, whose seat was Melbourne Hall in the market town of Melbourne, Derbyshire. On 13 April 1837 the settlement's general post office officially opened with that name.

question: In what year was the first plan for the city commissioned? 

answer: 1837

question: On what date did the official general post office open? 

answer: 13 April 1837

question: What was the first plan for the city in 1837 called? 

answer: the Hoddle Grid

question: What was the settlement originally named? 

answer: Batmania
Title: Melbourne
Context: From 2006, the growth of the city extended into "green wedges" and beyond the city's urban growth boundary. Predictions of the city's population reaching 5 million people pushed the state government to review the growth boundary in 2008 as part of its Melbourne @ Five Million strategy. In 2009, Melbourne was less affected by the Late-2000s financial crisis in comparison to other Australian cities. At this time, more new jobs were created in Melbourne than any other Australian city—almost as many as the next two fastest growing cities, Brisbane and Perth, combined, and Melbourne's property market remained strong, resulting in historically high property prices and widespread rent increases.

question: Was Melbourne more or less affected by the Late-2000s financial crisis in comparison to other Australian cities? 

answer: less affected

question: Which market in Melbourne remained strong during the Late-2000s financial crisis and resulted in historically high property prices and rent increases? 

answer: property market

question: After Melbourne, which were the next two fastest growing Australian cities in 2009? 

answer: Brisbane and Perth

question: What is the name given to Melbourne's population strategy that was revised in 2008?  

answer: Melbourne @ Five Million strategy
Title: Melbourne
Context: Melbourne is also an important financial centre. Two of the big four banks, NAB and ANZ, are headquartered in Melbourne. The city has carved out a niche as Australia's leading centre for superannuation (pension) funds, with 40% of the total, and 65% of industry super-funds including the $109 billion-dollar Federal Government Future Fund. The city was rated 41st within the top 50 financial cities as surveyed by the MasterCard Worldwide Centers of Commerce Index (2008), second only to Sydney (12th) in Australia. Melbourne is Australia's second-largest industrial centre. It is the Australian base for a number of significant manufacturers including Boeing, truck-makers Kenworth and Iveco, Cadbury as well as Bombardier Transportation and Jayco, among many others. It is also home to a wide variety of other manufacturers, ranging from petrochemicals and pharmaceuticals to fashion garments, paper manufacturing and food processing. The south-eastern suburb of Scoresby is home to Nintendo's Australian headquarters. The city also boasts a research and development hub for Ford Australia, as well as a global design studio and technical centre for General Motors and Toyota respectively.

question: How many of the big four banks are headquartered in Melbourne? 

answer: Two

question: Which two of the big four banks are headquartered in Melbourne? 

answer: NAB and ANZ

question: Which city is Australia's second-largest industrial centre? 

answer: Melbourne

question: Which south-eastern suburb is home to Nintendo's Australian headquarters? 

answer: Scoresby

question: Melbourne is home to a research and development hub for which auto manufacturer? 

answer: Ford Australia
Title: Melbourne
Context: The layout of the inner suburbs on a largely one-mile grid pattern, cut through by wide radial boulevards, and string of gardens surrounding the central city was largely established in the 1850s and 1860s. These areas were rapidly filled from the mid 1850s by the ubiquitous terrace house, as well as detached houses and some grand mansions in large grounds, while some of the major roads developed as shopping streets. Melbourne quickly became a major finance centre, home to several banks, the Royal Mint, and Australia's first stock exchange in 1861. In 1855 the Melbourne Cricket Club secured possession of its now famous ground, the MCG. Members of the Melbourne Football Club codified Australian football in 1859, and Yarra rowing clubs and "regattas" became popular about the same time. In 1861 the Melbourne Cup was first run. In 1864 Melbourne acquired its first public monument—the Burke and Wills statue.

question: In what two decades was the layout of Melbourne's inner suburbs established? 

answer: 1850s and 1860s

question: In what year did the Melbourne Cricket Club secure possession of its now famous ground, the MCG? 

answer: 1855

question: Around what year did Yarra rowing clubs and "regattas" become popular? 

answer: 1859

question: In what year was the Melbourne Cup first run? 

answer: 1861

question: What was the first public monumnet acquired in Melbourne in 1864? 

answer: the Burke and Wills statue
Title: Melbourne
Context: Over two-thirds of Melburnians speak only English at home (68.1%). Chinese (mainly Cantonese and Mandarin) is the second-most-common language spoken at home (3.6%), with Greek third, Italian fourth and Vietnamese fifth, each with more than 100,000 speakers. Although Victoria's net interstate migration has fluctuated, the population of the Melbourne statistical division has grown by about 70,000 people a year since 2005. Melbourne has now attracted the largest proportion of international overseas immigrants (48,000) finding it outpacing Sydney's international migrant intake on percentage, along with having strong interstate migration from Sydney and other capitals due to more affordable housing and cost of living.

question: What percentage of Melburnians speak only English at home? 

answer: 68.1%

question: What is the second-most-common language in Melborne? 

answer: Chinese

question: The Melbourne statistical division population has grown by how many people each year since 2005? 

answer: 70,000

question: What factors make Melbourne more attractie than Sydney for overseas immigrants? 

answer: more affordable housing and cost of living
Title: Melbourne
Context: Melbourne has a temperate oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb) and is well known for its changeable weather conditions. This is mainly due to Melbourne's location situated on the boundary of the very hot inland areas and the cool southern ocean. This temperature differential is most pronounced in the spring and summer months and can cause very strong cold fronts to form. These cold fronts can be responsible for all sorts of severe weather from gales to severe thunderstorms and hail, large temperature drops, and heavy rain.

question: During which seasons are Melbourne's temperature differentials most pronounced? 

answer: spring and summer

question: Which type of weather fronts are responsible for severe weather such as gales, thunderstorms, hail, and heavy rain in Melbourne? 

answer: cold fronts

question: Is Melbourne known for changeable or steady weather patterns? 

answer: changeable

question: What is Melbourne's Koppen climate classification? 

answer: Cfb

question: What is one cause for Melbourne's fluctuating weather patterns? 

answer: Melbourne's location situated on the boundary of the very hot inland areas and the cool southern ocean
Title: Melbourne
Context: Another recent environmental issue in Melbourne was the Victorian government project of channel deepening Melbourne Ports by dredging Port Phillip Bay—the Port Phillip Channel Deepening Project. It was subject to controversy and strict regulations among fears that beaches and marine wildlife could be affected by the disturbance of heavy metals and other industrial sediments. Other major pollution problems in Melbourne include levels of bacteria including E. coli in the Yarra River and its tributaries caused by septic systems, as well as litter. Up to 350,000 cigarette butts enter the storm water runoff every day. Several programs are being implemented to minimise beach and river pollution. In February 2010, The Transition Decade, an initiative to transition human society, economics and environment towards sustainability, was launched in Melbourne.

question: Which government project aimed to deepen Melbourne ports by dredging? 

answer: the Port Phillip Channel Deepening Project

question: Why was the Port Phillip Channel Deppening Project subject to controversy and strict regulations? 

answer: fears that beaches and marine wildlife could be affected

question: Up to how many cigarette butts enter the storm water runoff every day in Melbourne? 

answer: 350,000

question: What initiative was launched in Melbourne in February 2010 as an effort to transition human society towards sustainability? 

answer: The Transition Decade

question: What causes increased pollution and levels of bacteria such as E. coli to rise in the Yarra River and its tributaries? 

answer: septic systems, as well as litter
Title: Melbourne
Context: To counter the trend towards low-density suburban residential growth, the government began a series of controversial public housing projects in the inner city by the Housing Commission of Victoria, which resulted in demolition of many neighbourhoods and a proliferation of high-rise towers. In later years, with the rapid rise of motor vehicle ownership, the investment in freeway and highway developments greatly accelerated the outward suburban sprawl and declining inner city population. The Bolte government sought to rapidly accelerate the modernisation of Melbourne. Major road projects including the remodelling of St Kilda Junction, the widening of Hoddle Street and then the extensive 1969 Melbourne Transportation Plan changed the face of the city into a car-dominated environment.

question: Investment in what greatly accelerated the outward suburban sprawn and declining inner city population? 

answer: freeway and highway developments

question: Which government sought to rapidly accelerate the modernisation of Melbourne? 

answer: Bolte

question: The widening of what street helped to change the face of Melbourne into a car-dominated environment? 

answer: Hoddle Street

question: Did the 1969 Melbourne Transportation Plan change Melbourne into a more car-dominated or tram-dominated environment? 

answer: car-dominated

question: Did the rapid rise of motor vehicle ownership and highway developments lead to an increasing or declining inner city population? 

answer: declining
Title: Melbourne
Context: The Melbourne rail network has its origins in privately built lines from the 1850s gold rush era, and today the suburban network consists of 209 suburban stations on 16 lines which radiate from the City Loop, a partially underground metro section of the network beneath the Central Business District (Hoddle Grid). Flinders Street Station is Melbourne's busiest railway station, and was the world's busiest passenger station in 1926. It remains a prominent Melbourne landmark and meeting place. The city has rail connections with regional Victorian cities, as well as direct interstate rail services to Sydney and Adelaide and beyond which depart from Melbourne's other major rail terminus, Southern Cross Station in Spencer Street. In the 2013–2014 financial year, the Melbourne rail network recorded 232.0 million passenger trips, the highest in its history. Many rail lines, along with dedicated lines and rail yards are also used for freight. The Overland to Adelaide departs Southern Cross twice a week, while the XPT to Sydney departs twice a day.

question: How many lines does the Melbourne rail network have? 

answer: 16

question: Which rail station is Melbourne's busiest? 

answer: Flinders Street Station

question: Which Melbourne rail station was the world's busiest passenger station in 1926? 

answer: Flinders Street Station

question: During which financial year did the Melbourne rail network record its highest volume of passenger trips? 

answer: 2013–2014

question: How often does the XPT to Sydney depart? 

answer: twice a day
Title: Melbourne
Context: RMIT University was also ranked among the top 51–100 universities in the world in the subjects of: accounting, Business and Management, communication and media studies, computer science and information systems. The Swinburne University of Technology, based in the inner city Melbourne suburb of Hawthorn is ranked 76–100 in the world for Physics by the Academic Ranking of World Universities making Swinburne the only Australian university outside the Group of Eight to achieve a top 100 rating in a science discipline. Deakin University maintains two major campuses in Melbourne and Geelong, and is the third largest university in Victoria. In recent years, the number of international students at Melbourne's universities has risen rapidly, a result of an increasing number of places being made available to full fee paying students. Education in Melbourne is overseen by the Victorian Department of Education and Early Childhood Development (DEECD), whose role is to 'provide policy and planning advice for the delivery of education'.

question: Which university maintains two major campuses in Melbourne and Geelong and is the third largest university in Victoria? 

answer: Deakin University

question: What is the role of the DEECD? 

answer: 'provide policy and planning advice for the delivery of education

question: Who oversees education in Melbourne? 

answer: Victorian Department of Education and Early Childhood Development (DEECD)
Title: Melbourne
Context: Melbourne is often referred to as Australia's garden city, and the state of Victoria was once known as the garden state. There is an abundance of parks and gardens in Melbourne, many close to the CBD with a variety of common and rare plant species amid landscaped vistas, pedestrian pathways and tree-lined avenues. Melbourne's parks are often considered the best public parks in all of Australia's major cities. There are also many parks in the surrounding suburbs of Melbourne, such as in the municipalities of Stonnington, Boroondara and Port Phillip, south east of the central business district. The extensive area covered by urban Melbourne is formally divided into hundreds of suburbs (for addressing and postal purposes), and administered as local government areas 31 of which are located within the metropolitan area.

question: Which city is often referred to as Australia's garden city? 

answer: Melbourne

question: Which Australian state was once known as the garden state? 

answer: Victoria

question: Why is urban Melbourne divided into hundreds of suburbs? 

answer: addressing and postal purposes
Title: Melbourne
Context: Port Phillip is often warmer than the surrounding oceans and/or the land mass, particularly in spring and autumn; this can set up a "bay effect" similar to the "lake effect" seen in colder climates where showers are intensified leeward of the bay. Relatively narrow streams of heavy showers can often affect the same places (usually the eastern suburbs) for an extended period, while the rest of Melbourne and surrounds stays dry. Overall, Melbourne is, owing to the rain shadow of the Otway Ranges, nonetheless drier than average for southern Victoria. Within the city and surrounds, however, rainfall varies widely, from around 425 millimetres (17 in) at Little River to 1,250 millimetres (49 in) on the eastern fringe at Gembrook. Melbourne receives 48.6 clear days annually. Dewpoint temperatures in the summer range from 9.5 °C (49.1 °F) to 11.7 °C (53.1 °F).

question: Approximately how many sunny days does Melbourne receive annually? 

answer: 48.6

question: What is the range of Melbourne's dewpoint temperatures in the summer? 

answer: 9.5 °C (49.1 °F) to 11.7 °C (53.1 °F)

question: Which suburbs usually are affected by relatively narrow streams of heavy showers? 

answer: eastern suburbs

question: Is Port Phillip generally warmer or colder than the surrounding oceans and/or the land mass? 

answer: warmer
Title: Melbourne
Context: The local councils are responsible for providing the functions set out in the Local Government Act 1989 such as urban planning and waste management. Most other government services are provided or regulated by the Victorian state government, which governs from Parliament House in Spring Street. These include services which are associated with local government in other countries and include public transport, main roads, traffic control, policing, education above preschool level, health and planning of major infrastructure projects. The state government retains the right to override certain local government decisions, including urban planning, and Melburnian issues often feature prominently in state election.

question: Which act sets functions for Melbourne such as urban planning and waste management? 

answer: Local Government Act 1989

question: From where does the Victorian state government operate? 

answer: Parliament House in Spring Street

question: Contrary to other countires, are public transport, traffic control, policing, and education the responsibility of local or state government? 

answer: state government
Title: Melbourne
Context: The Hoddle Grid (dimensions of 1 by 1⁄2 mile (1.61 by 0.80 km)) forms the centre of Melbourne's central business district. The grid's southern edge fronts onto the Yarra River. Office, commercial and public developments in the adjoining districts of Southbank and Docklands have made these redeveloped areas into extensions of the CBD in all but name. The city centre has a reputation for its historic and prominent lanes and arcades (most notably Block Place and Royal Arcade) which contain a variety of shops and cafés and are a byproduct of the city's layout.

question: What are the dimensions of the Hoddle Grid? 

answer: 1 by 1⁄2 mile (1.61 by 0.80 km)

question: What is the name of a popular arcade located within the Hoddle Grid? 

answer: Royal Arcade

question: Which edge of the Hoddle Grid fronts onto the Yarra River? 

answer: southern
Title: Melbourne
Context: The city is recognised for its mix of modern architecture which intersects with an extensive range of nineteenth and early twentieth century buildings. Some of the most architecturally noteworthy historic buildings include the World Heritage Site-listed Royal Exhibition Building, constructed over a two-year period for the Melbourne International Exhibition in 1880, A.C. Goode House, a Neo Gothic building located on Collins Street designed by Wright, Reed & Beaver (1891), William Pitt's Venetian Gothic style Old Stock Exchange (1888), William Wardell's Gothic Bank (1883) which features some of Melbourne's finest interiors, the incomplete Parliament House, St Paul's Cathedral (1891) and Flinders Street Station (1909), which was the busiest commuter railway station in the world in the mid-1920s.

question: Which railway station was the busiest in the world in the mid-1920s? 

answer: Flinders Street Station

question: On which street is the A.C. Goode House located? 

answer: Collins Street

question: In what year was construction on the Flinders Street Station completed? 

answer: 1909

question: Who designed the A.C. Goode House? 

answer: Wright, Reed & Beaver

question: What style of architecture is the A.C. Goode House? 

answer: Neo Gothic
Title: Melbourne
Context: Australian rules football and cricket are the most popular sports in Melbourne. It is considered the spiritual home of the two sports in Australia. The first official Test cricket match was played at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in March 1877. The origins of Australian rules football can be traced to matches played next to the MCG in 1858. The Australian Football League is headquartered at Docklands Stadium. Nine of the League's teams are based in the Melbourne metropolitan area: Carlton, Collingwood, Essendon, Hawthorn, Melbourne, North Melbourne, Richmond, St Kilda, and Western Bulldogs. Up to five AFL matches are played each week in Melbourne, attracting an average 40,000 people per game. Additionally, the city annually hosts the AFL Grand Final.

question: What are the two most popular sports in Melbourne? 

answer: Australian rules football and cricket

question: When was the first official Test cricket match played at the Melbourne Cricket Ground? 

answer: March 1877

question: Where is the Australian Football League headquartered? 

answer: Docklands Stadium

question: How many of the Australian Football League's teams are based in the Melbourne metropolitan area? 

answer: Nine

question: Up to how many AFL matches are played each week in Melbourne? 

answer: five
Title: Melbourne
Context: Ship transport is an important component of Melbourne's transport system. The Port of Melbourne is Australia's largest container and general cargo port and also its busiest. The port handled two million shipping containers in a 12-month period during 2007, making it one of the top five ports in the Southern Hemisphere. Station Pier on Port Phillip Bay is the main passenger ship terminal with cruise ships and the Spirit of Tasmania ferries which cross Bass Strait to Tasmania docking there. Ferries and water taxis run from berths along the Yarra River as far upstream as South Yarra and across Port Phillip Bay.

question: Which port is Australia's largest container and general cargo port? 

answer: The Port of Melbourne

question: How far upstream to water taxis run along the Yarra River? 

answer: South Yarra

question: How many shipping containers did the Port of Melbourne handle during a 12-month period in 2007, making it one of the top five ports in the Southern Hemisphere? 

answer: two million

question: Which is Australia's busiest port? 

answer: The Port of Melbourne

question: Where is Station Pier located? 

answer: Port Phillip Bay
Title: Melbourne
Context: CSL, one of the world's top five biotech companies, and Sigma Pharmaceuticals have their headquarters in Melbourne. The two are the largest listed Australian pharmaceutical companies. Melbourne has an important ICT industry that employs over 60,000 people (one third of Australia's ICT workforce), with a turnover of $19.8 billion and export revenues of $615 million. In addition, tourism also plays an important role in Melbourne's economy, with about 7.6 million domestic visitors and 1.88 million international visitors in 2004. In 2008, Melbourne overtook Sydney with the amount of money that domestic tourists spent in the city, accounting for around $15.8 billion annually. Melbourne has been attracting an increasing share of domestic and international conference markets. Construction began in February 2006 of a $1 billion 5000-seat international convention centre, Hilton Hotel and commercial precinct adjacent to the Melbourne Exhibition and Convention Centre to link development along the Yarra River with the Southbank precinct and multibillion-dollar Docklands redevelopment.

question: How many people are employed by the ICT industry in Melbourne? 

answer: 60,000

question: What percentage of Australia's ICT workforce is imployed in Melbourne's ICT industry? 

answer: one third

question: In 2008, Melbourne overtook what city with the amount of money that domestic tourists spent in the city? 

answer: Sydney

question: Domestic visitors spend about how much money in the city of Melbourne annually? 

answer: $15.8 billion

question: How many international visitors did Melbourne have in 2004? 

answer: 1.88 million