praj-17/QA-MCQ-Open-ended huggingface dataset:
Title: Pub
Context: A few pubs have stage performances such as serious drama, stand-up comedy, musical bands, cabaret or striptease; however juke boxes, karaoke and other forms of pre-recorded music have otherwise replaced the musical tradition of a piano or guitar and singing.[citation needed]

question: Along with cabaret, striptease, bands and drama, what is a type of stage performance that can be found in pubs? 

answer: stand-up comedy

question: Along with karaoke, what type of prerecorded music is often found in pubs? 

answer: juke boxes
Title: Pub
Context: By the 20th century, the saloon, or lounge bar, had become a middle-class room[citation needed]—carpets on the floor, cushions on the seats, and a penny or two on the prices,[citation needed] while the public bar, or tap room, remained working class with bare boards, sometimes with sawdust to absorb the spitting and spillages (known as "spit and sawdust"), hard bench seats, and cheap beer[citation needed]. This bar was known as the four-ale bar from the days when the cheapest beer served there cost 4 pence (4d) a quart.[citation needed]

question: What socioeconomic class was associated with the lounge bar in the 20th century? 

answer: middle-class

question: What economic class was most likely to be found in the tap room? 

answer: working class

question: In pence, what did the cheapest beer cost in the four-ale bar? 

answer: 4

question: What was the tap room sawdust meant to absorb spills and spit called? 

answer: spit and sawdust

question: What is another name for the lounge bar? 

answer: saloon
Title: Pub
Context: Later, the public bars gradually improved until sometimes almost the only difference was in the prices, so that customers could choose between economy and exclusivity (or youth and age, or a jukebox or dartboard).[citation needed] With the blurring of class divisions in the 1960s and 1970s,[citation needed] the distinction between the saloon and the public bar was often seen as archaic,[citation needed] and was frequently abolished, usually by the removal of the dividing wall or partition.[citation needed] While the names of saloon and public bar may still be seen on the doors of pubs, the prices (and often the standard of furnishings and decoration) are the same throughout the premises, and many pubs now comprise one large room. However the modern importance of dining in pubs encourages some establishments to maintain distinct rooms or areas.

question: In what decades did class distinctions break down in Britain? 

answer: the 1960s and 1970s

question: What was a common way of removing the division between the saloon and bar? 

answer: removal of the dividing wall or partition
Title: Pub
Context: The "snug", sometimes called the smoke room, was typically a small, very private room with access to the bar that had a frosted glass external window, set above head height. A higher price was paid for beer in the snug and nobody could look in and see the drinkers. It was not only the wealthy visitors who would use these rooms. The snug was for patrons who preferred not to be seen in the public bar. Ladies would often enjoy a private drink in the snug in a time when it was frowned upon for women to be in a pub. The local police officer might nip in for a quiet pint, the parish priest for his evening whisky, or lovers for a rendezvous.

question: What is another name for the smoke room? 

answer: snug

question: What was the relationship between the price of beer in the smoke room versus the rest of the bar? 

answer: higher

question: Along with the local police, what profession is given as an example of someone who might use the snug? 

answer: the parish priest

question: What were the windows in the snug made out of? 

answer: frosted glass
Title: Pub
Context: CAMRA have surveyed the 50,000 pubs in Britain and they believe that there are very few pubs that still have classic snugs. These are on a historic interiors list in order that they can be preserved.

question: How many pubs were part of the CAMRA survey? 

answer: 50,000

question: According to CAMRA, how many pubs in Britain possess classic snugs? 

answer: very few
Title: Pub
Context: It was the pub that first introduced the concept of the bar counter being used to serve the beer. Until that time beer establishments used to bring the beer out to the table or benches, as remains the practice in (for example) beer gardens and other drinking establishments in Germany. A bar might be provided for the manager to do paperwork while keeping an eye on his or her customers, but the casks of ale were kept in a separate taproom. When the first pubs were built, the main room was the public room with a large serving bar copied from the gin houses, the idea being to serve the maximum number of people in the shortest possible time. It became known as the public bar[citation needed]. The other, more private, rooms had no serving bar—they had the beer brought to them from the public bar. There are a number of pubs in the Midlands or the North which still retain this set up but these days the beer is fetched by the customer from the taproom or public bar. One of these is The Vine, known locally as The Bull and Bladder, in Brierley Hill near Birmingham, another the Cock at Broom, Bedfordshire a series of small rooms served drinks and food by waiting staff. In the Manchester district the public bar was known as the "vault", other rooms being the lounge and snug as usual elsewhere. By the early 1970s there was a tendency to change to one large drinking room and breweries were eager to invest in interior design and theming.

question: In Germany, what do servers do to serve beer in beer gardens? 

answer: bring the beer out to the table

question: Before the pub, where did beer establishments keep their casks of ale? 

answer: taproom

question: What establishments inspired pubs to set up serving bars? 

answer: gin houses

question: In what settlement is the pub known as The Vine located? 

answer: Brierley Hill

question: What do the locals call The Vine? 

answer: The Bull and Bladder
Title: Pub
Context: Isambard Kingdom Brunel, the British engineer and railway builder, introduced the idea of a circular bar into the Swindon station pub in order that customers were served quickly and did not delay his trains. These island bars became popular as they also allowed staff to serve customers in several different rooms surrounding the bar.

question: Who pioneered the circular bar? 

answer: Isambard Kingdom Brunel

question: At what establishment was the circular bar introduced? 

answer: Swindon station pub

question: What was Isambard Brunel's occuption? 

answer: engineer and railway builder

question: What was Isambard Brunel's nationality? 

answer: British
Title: Pub
Context: A "beer engine" is a device for pumping beer, originally manually operated and typically used to dispense beer from a cask or container in a pub's basement or cellar.

question: What is a "beer engine"? 

answer: a device for pumping beer

question: What is the function of a "beer engine"? 

answer: to dispense beer from a cask or container in a pub's basement or cellar
Title: Pub
Context: The first beer pump known in England is believed to have been invented by John Lofting (b. Netherlands 1659-d. Great Marlow Buckinghamshire 1742) an inventor, manufacturer and merchant of London.

question: Who invented the beer pump in England? 

answer: John Lofting

question: In what city was the beer pump invented? 

answer: London

question: In what country was John Lofting born? 

answer: Netherlands

question: What was the death year of John Lofting? 

answer: 1742

question: When was John Lofting born? 

answer: 1659
Title: Pub
Context: The London Gazette of 17 March 1691 published a patent in favour of John Lofting for a fire engine, but remarked upon and recommended another invention of his, for a beer pump:

question: In what newspaper did John Lofting mention his beer pump? 

answer: London Gazette

question: On what day was Lofting's fire engine patent published? 

answer: 17 March 1691
Title: Pub
Context: "Whereas their Majesties have been Graciously Pleased to grant Letters patent to John Lofting of London Merchant for a New Invented Engine for Extinguishing Fires which said Engine have found every great encouragement. The said Patentee hath also projected a Very Useful Engine for starting of beer and other liquors which will deliver from 20 to 30 barrels an hour which are completely fixed with Brass Joints and Screws at Reasonable Rates. Any Person that hath occasion for the said Engines may apply themselves to the Patentee at his house near St Thomas Apostle London or to Mr. Nicholas Wall at the Workshoppe near Saddlers Wells at Islington or to Mr. William Tillcar, Turner, his agent at his house in Woodtree next door to the Sun Tavern London."

question: How many barrels did Lofting promise his beer pump would deliver hourly? 

answer: 20 to 30

question: What location did John Lofting live near? 

answer: St Thomas Apostle London

question: In what London borough did Nicholas Wall reside? 

answer: Islington

question: What was William Tillcar's profession? 

answer: Turner

question: What tavern did William Tillcar live adjacent to? 

answer: Sun Tavern
Title: Pub
Context: Strictly the term refers to the pump itself, which is normally manually operated, though electrically powered and gas powered pumps are occasionally used. When manually powered, the term "handpump" is often used to refer to both the pump and the associated handle.

question: What is a common name for a beer pump powered by hand? 

answer: handpump

question: Along with electricity, what sometimes powers beer pumps that aren't operated by hand? 

answer: gas
Title: Pub
Context: After the development of the large London Porter breweries in the 18th century, the trend grew for pubs to become tied houses which could only sell beer from one brewery (a pub not tied in this way was called a Free house). The usual arrangement for a tied house was that the pub was owned by the brewery but rented out to a private individual (landlord) who ran it as a separate business (even though contracted to buy the beer from the brewery). Another very common arrangement was (and is) for the landlord to own the premises (whether freehold or leasehold) independently of the brewer, but then to take a mortgage loan from a brewery, either to finance the purchase of the pub initially, or to refurbish it, and be required as a term of the loan to observe the solus tie.

question: What was the name for a pub that could sell beer from more than one brewery? 

answer: a Free house

question: In what century did the habit arise of pubs selling beer from only one brewery? 

answer: 18th

question: What was the name of the private individual who rented out a pub owned by a brewery? 

answer: landlord
Title: Pub
Context: A trend in the late 20th century was for breweries to run their pubs directly, using managers rather than tenants. Most such breweries, such as the regional brewery Shepherd Neame in Kent and Young's and Fuller's in London, control hundreds of pubs in a particular region of the UK, while a few, such as Greene King, are spread nationally. The landlord of a tied pub may be an employee of the brewery—in which case he/she would be a manager of a managed house, or a self-employed tenant who has entered into a lease agreement with a brewery, a condition of which is the legal obligation (trade tie) only to purchase that brewery's beer. The beer selection is mainly limited to beers brewed by that particular company. The Beer Orders, passed in 1989, were aimed at getting tied houses to offer at least one alternative beer, known as a guest beer, from another brewery. This law has now been repealed but while in force it dramatically altered the industry. Some pubs still offer a regularly changing selection of guest beers.

question: What is a notable brewery in Kent that owns hundreds of pubs? 

answer: Shepherd Neame

question: What London breweries each own many pubs? 

answer: Young's and Fuller's

question: What is an example of a brewer that owns pubs throughout Britain? 

answer: Greene King

question: What law required that a pub offer at least one beer from a brewery it wasn't tied to? 

answer: The Beer Orders

question: In what year were the Beer Orders passed? 

answer: 1989
Title: Pub
Context: Organisations such as Wetherspoons, Punch Taverns and O'Neill's were formed in the UK in the wake of the Beer Orders. A PubCo is a company involved in the retailing but not the manufacture of beverages, while a Pub chain may be run either by a PubCo or by a brewery.

question: Along with Punch Taverns and Weatherspoons, what was an organization formed as a result of the Beer Orders? 

answer: O'Neill's

question: What is the name of a company that retails but does not manufacture drinks? 

answer: PubCo

question: Along with breweries, what type of company may run a pub chain? 

answer: PubCo

question: In what country was Punch Taverns established? 

answer: the UK
Title: Pub
Context: Pubs within a chain will usually have items in common, such as fittings, promotions, ambience and range of food and drink on offer. A pub chain will position itself in the marketplace for a target audience. One company may run several pub chains aimed at different segments of the market. Pubs for use in a chain are bought and sold in large units, often from regional breweries which are then closed down. Newly acquired pubs are often renamed by the new owners, and many people resent the loss of traditional names, especially if their favourite regional beer disappears at the same time.

question: When a pub is bought by a new owner, what often happens to them? 

answer: renamed

question: What often happens to regional breweries after they sell their pubs? 

answer: closed down
Title: Pub
Context: A brewery tap is the nearest outlet for a brewery's beers. This is usually a room or bar in the brewery itself, though the name may be applied to the nearest pub. The term is not applied to a brewpub which brews and sells its beer on the same premises.

question: What is the closest outlet for a brewery's beers called? 

answer: A brewery tap

question: If the brewery tap is not located in the brewery, where is it usually located? 

answer: the nearest pub

question: What is the term for a pub that brews and sells its own beer? 

answer: brewpub
Title: Pub
Context: A "country pub" by tradition is a rural public house. However, the distinctive culture surrounding country pubs, that of functioning as a social centre for a village and rural community, has been changing over the last thirty or so years. In the past, many rural pubs provided opportunities for country folk to meet and exchange (often local) news, while others—especially those away from village centres—existed for the general purpose, before the advent of motor transport, of serving travellers as coaching inns.

question: What is another name for a rural public house? 

answer: country pub

question: What was a function of distant country pubs before the rise of motor vehicles? 

answer: serving travellers as coaching inns

question: Over what period of years has the traditional function of country pubs been changing? 

answer: the last thirty
Title: Pub
Context: In more recent years, however, many country pubs have either closed down, or have been converted to establishments intent on providing seating facilities for the consumption of food, rather than a venue for members of the local community meeting and convivially drinking.

question: What is a frequent modern function of country pubs? 

answer: providing seating facilities for the consumption of food

question: Along with community meetings, what was the traditional purpose of country pubs? 

answer: drinking
Title: Pub
Context: Pubs that cater for a niche clientele, such as sports fans or people of certain nationalities are known as theme pubs. Examples of theme pubs include sports bars, rock pubs, biker pubs, Goth pubs, strip pubs, gay bars, karaoke bars and Irish pubs.

question: What is a blanket term for pubs that, for example, cater to sports fans? 

answer: theme pubs

question: What is an example of a theme pub that caters to people of a certain nationality? 

answer: Irish pubs

question: What is an example of a theme pub that caters to people with certain musical interests? 

answer: rock pubs

question: What sort of theme pub would be likely to feature strippers? 

answer: strip pubs

question: In what sort of theme pub could one find visitors singing with musical accompaniment? 

answer: karaoke bars
Title: Pub
Context: In 1393 King Richard II compelled landlords to erect signs outside their premises. The legislation stated "Whosoever shall brew ale in the town with intention of selling it must hang out a sign, otherwise he shall forfeit his ale." This was to make alehouses easily visible to passing inspectors, borough ale tasters, who would decide the quality of the ale they provided. William Shakespeare's father, John Shakespeare, was one such inspector.

question: Which monarch required landlords to post a sign if they wanted to sell ale? 

answer: Richard II

question: In what year did the king demand ale-sellers post signage on pain of forfeiture? 

answer: 1393

question: What was William Shakespeare's father's first name? 

answer: John

question: What was John Shakespeare's profession? 

answer: inspectors

question: If an ale-seller refused to post a sign, what punishment would he receive? 

answer: forfeit his ale
Title: Pub
Context: Another important factor was that during the Middle Ages a large proportion of the population would have been illiterate and so pictures on a sign were more useful than words as a means of identifying a public house. For this reason there was often no reason to write the establishment's name on the sign and inns opened without a formal written name, the name being derived later from the illustration on the pub's sign.

question: In what historical period was a large portion of the population illiterate? 

answer: the Middle Ages

question: From where did pubs without written names derive their names? 

answer: the illustration on the pub's sign
Title: Pub
Context: The earliest signs were often not painted but consisted, for example, of paraphernalia connected with the brewing process such as bunches of hops or brewing implements, which were suspended above the door of the pub. In some cases local nicknames, farming terms and puns were used. Local events were often commemorated in pub signs. Simple natural or religious symbols such as 'The Sun', 'The Star' and 'The Cross' were incorporated into pub signs, sometimes being adapted to incorporate elements of the heraldry (e.g. the coat of arms) of the local lords who owned the lands upon which the pub stood. Some pubs have Latin inscriptions.

question: Inscriptions from what language were sometimes present on pub signs? 

answer: Latin

question: Along with The Star and The Sun, what was a typical symbol used on a pub sign? 

answer: The Cross

question: What graphic belonging to the local lord was sometimes incorporated on the pub sign? 

answer: the coat of arms

question: What plants were sometimes featured on pub signs? 

answer: hops

question: Local pub nicknames were often related to what profession? 

answer: farming
Title: Pub
Context: Other subjects that lent themselves to visual depiction included the name of battles (e.g. Trafalgar), explorers, local notables, discoveries, sporting heroes and members of the royal family. Some pub signs are in the form of a pictorial pun or rebus. For example, a pub in Crowborough, East Sussex called The Crow and Gate has an image of a crow with gates as wings.

question: What was an example of a battle that might lend itself to a pub name? 

answer: Trafalgar

question: What town is The Crow and Gate located in? 

answer: Crowborough

question: What county is home to The Crow and Gate? 

answer: East Sussex

question: Members of what family were sometimes used as pub names? 

answer: royal
Title: Pub
Context: Most British pubs still have decorated signs hanging over their doors, and these retain their original function of enabling the identification of the pub. Today's pub signs almost always bear the name of the pub, both in words and in pictorial representation. The more remote country pubs often have stand-alone signs directing potential customers to their door.

question: What hangs today over most British pub doors? 

answer: decorated signs

question: What piece of information is almost always listed on a pub sign? 

answer: the name of the pub

question: What purpose do stand-alone signs serve for country pubs? 

answer: directing potential customers to their door
Title: Pub
Context: Pub names are used to identify and differentiate each pub. Modern names are sometimes a marketing ploy or attempt to create "brand awareness", frequently using a comic theme thought to be memorable, Slug and Lettuce for a pub chain being an example. Interesting origins are not confined to old or traditional names, however. Names and their origins can be broken up into a relatively small number of categories.

question: What is an example of a memorable name for a pub chain? 

answer: Slug and Lettuce

question: What sort of theme is thought memorable for modern pub names? 

answer: comic

question: What is the purpose of a pub name? 

answer: to identify and differentiate each pub
Title: Pub
Context: As many pubs are centuries old, many of their early customers were unable to read, and pictorial signs could be readily recognised when lettering and words could not be read.

question: What type of pub signs were useful to an illiterate clientele? 

answer: pictorial signs
Title: Pub
Context: Pubs often have traditional names. A common name is the "Marquis of Granby". These pubs were named after John Manners, Marquess of Granby, who was the son of John Manners, 3rd Duke of Rutland and a general in the 18th century British Army. He showed a great concern for the welfare of his men, and on their retirement, provided funds for many of them to establish taverns, which were subsequently named after him. All pubs granted their licence in 1780 were called the Royal George[citation needed], after King George III, and the twentieth anniversary of his coronation.

question: After whom was the Marquis of Granby pub named? 

answer: John Manners, Marquess of Granby

question: Who was the father of John Manners, Marquess of Granby? 

answer: John Manners, 3rd Duke of Rutland

question: What was the military rank of the 3rd Duke of Rutland? 

answer: general

question: In what century did the 3rd Duke of Rutland live? 

answer: 18th

question: What were pubs licensed in 1780 named? 

answer: the Royal George
Title: Pub
Context: Many names for pubs that appear nonsensical may have come from corruptions of old slogans or phrases, such as "The Bag o'Nails" (Bacchanals), "The Goat and Compasses" (God Encompasseth Us), "The Cat and the Fiddle" (Chaton Fidèle: Faithful Kitten) and "The Bull and Bush", which purportedly celebrates the victory of Henry VIII at "Boulogne Bouche" or Boulogne-sur-Mer Harbour.

question: The pub "The Bag o'Nails" was a corruption of what word? 

answer: Bacchanals

question: What phrase was "The Goat and Compasses" a corruption of? 

answer: God Encompasseth Us

question: What does Chaton Fidèle mean in English? 

answer: Faithful Kitten

question: What location does Boulogne Bouche refer to? 

answer: Boulogne-sur-Mer Harbour

question: Who won a victory at Boulogne-sur-Mer Harbour? 

answer: Henry VIII