praj-17/QA-MCQ-Open-ended huggingface dataset:
Title: Brigham_Young_University
Context: BYU mandates that its students who are members of the LDS Church be religiously active. Both LDS and Non-LDS students are required to provide an endorsement from an ecclesiastic leader with their application for admittance. Over 900 rooms on BYU campus are used for the purposes of LDS Church congregations. More than 150 congregations meet on BYU campus each Sunday. "BYU's campus becomes one of the busiest and largest centers of worship in the world" with about 24,000 persons attending church services on campus.

question: What does BYU mandate of it's student members of the LDS Church to be? 

answer: religiously active

question: Who are both LDS and Non-LDS students required to provide an endorsement from upon submitting their application? 

answer: an ecclesiastic leader

question: How many BYU campus rooms are used for the purposes of LDS Church congregations? 

answer: Over 900

question: How many congregations meet on the BYU campus every Sunday? 

answer: More than 150

question: Approximately how many people attend church services on BYU's campus? 

answer: 24,000
Title: Brigham_Young_University
Context: Some 97 percent of male BYU graduates and 32 percent of female graduates took a hiatus from their undergraduate studies at one point to serve as LDS missionaries. In October 2012, the LDS Church announced at its general conference that young men could serve a mission after they turn 18 and have graduated from high school, rather than after age 19 under the old policy. Many young men would often attend a semester or two of higher education prior to beginning missionary service. This policy change will likely impact what has been the traditional incoming freshman class at BYU. Female students may now begin their missionary service anytime after turning 19, rather than age 21 under the previous policy. For males, a full-time mission is two years in length, and for females it lasts 18 months.

question: At what age, since 2012, are men allowed to serve a mission after high school graduation? 

answer: 18

question: At what age, since 2012, are women allowed to serve a mission after high school graduation? 

answer: 19

question: How long is a full-time mission for males? 

answer: two years

question: How long is a full-time mission for females? 

answer: 18 months

question: What percentage of graduates had taken a hiatus from their BYU studies to serve as an LDS missionary? 

answer: 97
Title: Brigham_Young_University
Context: All students and faculty, regardless of religion, are required to agree to adhere to an honor code. Early forms of the Church Educational System Honor Code are found as far back as the days of the Brigham Young Academy and early school President Karl G. Maeser. Maeser created the "Domestic Organization", which was a group of teachers who would visit students at their homes to see that they were following the schools moral rules prohibiting obscenity, profanity, smoking, and alcohol consumption. The Honor Code itself was not created until about 1940, and was used mainly for cases of cheating and academic dishonesty. President Wilkinson expanded the Honor Code in 1957 to include other school standards. This led to what the Honor Code represents today: rules regarding chastity, dress, grooming, drugs, and alcohol. A signed commitment to live the honor code is part of the application process, and must be adhered by all students, faculty, and staff. Students and faculty found in violation of standards are either warned or called to meet with representatives of the Honor Council. In certain cases, students and faculty can be expelled from the school or lose tenure. Both LDS and non-LDS students are required to meet annually with a Church leader to receive an ecclesiastical endorsement for both acceptance and continuance. Various LGBT advocacy groups have protested the honor code and criticized it as being anti-gay, and The Princeton Review ranked BYU as the 3rd most LGBT-unfriendly school in the United States.

question: What group did President Maeser create that sent teachers to student's homes to verify they were following the school's moral rules? 

answer: Domestic Organization

question: When was the BYU Honor Code actually created? 

answer: about 1940

question: What was BYU's Honor Code mainly used for upon its creation? 

answer: cases of cheating and academic dishonesty

question: In what year was the Honor Code expanded to include other school standards, such as rules regarding drug use? 

answer: 1957

question: Who must sign a comitment to live by the honor code as part of the application process? 

answer: all students, faculty, and staff
Title: Brigham_Young_University
Context: BYU's social and cultural atmosphere is unique. The high rate of enrollment at the university by members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (more than 98 percent) results in an amplification of LDS cultural norms; BYU was ranked by The Princeton Review in 2008 as 14th in the nation for having the happiest students and highest quality of life. However, the quirkiness and sometimes "too nice" culture is often caricatured, for example, in terms of marrying early and being very conservative.

question: How was BYU ranked by The Princeton Review for having the happiest students and highest quality of life in 2008? 

answer: 14th in the nation

question: What parts of the sometimes "too nice" BYU culture is often caricatured? 

answer: marrying early and being very conservative

question: What does BYU's high rate of enrollment by LDS members result in regarding LDS cultural norms? 

answer: amplification of
Title: Brigham_Young_University
Context: One of the characteristics of BYU most often pointed out is its reputation for emphasizing a "marriage culture". Members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints highly value marriage and family, especially marriage within the faith. Approximately 51 percent of the graduates in BYU's class of 2005 were married. This is compared to a national marriage average among college graduates of 11 percent. BYU students on average marry at the age of 22, according to a 2005 study, while the national average age is 25 years for men and 27 years for women.

question: What is one of BYU's characteristics that is most often pointed out through reputation? 

answer: emphasizing a "marriage culture"

question: What percentage of BYU's class of 2005 were married? 

answer: Approximately 51

question: What is the national marriage average among college graduates? 

answer: 11 percent

question: What is the average age that BYU students marry according to a 2005 study? 

answer: 22

question: What type of marriage is highly valued by LDS members? 

answer: marriage within the faith
Title: Brigham_Young_University
Context: Many visitors to BYU, and Utah Valley as a whole, report being surprised by the culturally conservative environment. Brigham Young University's Honor Code, which all BYU students agree to follow as a condition of studying at BYU, prohibits the consumption of alcoholic beverages, tobacco, etc. As mentioned earlier, The Princeton Review has rated BYU the "#1 stone cold sober school" in the nation for several years running, an honor which the late LDS Church president Gordon B. Hinckley had commented on with pride. BYU's 2014 "#1 stone cold" sober rating marked the 17th year in a row that the school had earned that rating. BYU has used this and other honors awarded to the school to advertise itself to prospective students, showing that BYU is proud of the rating. According to the Uniform Crime Reports, incidents of crime in Provo are lower than the national average. Murder is rare, and robberies are about 1/10 the national average. Business Insider rated BYU as the #1 safest college campus in the nation.

question: Who rated BYU as the #1 stone cold sober school in the nation for several years? 

answer: The Princeton Review

question: How does BYU feel about being rated the #1 stone cold sober school? 

answer: proud

question: How do robberies at BYU's Provo compare to the national average? 

answer: about 1/10

question: Who rated BYU as the #1 safest college campus in the nation? 

answer: Business Insider

question: What BYU environment seems to surprise many visitors to BYU as well as to the Utah Valley? 

answer: culturally conservative
Title: Brigham_Young_University
Context: The BYU Broadcasting Technical Operations Center is an HD production and distribution facility that is home to local PBS affiliate KBYU-TV, local classical music station KBYU-FM Classical 89, BYU Radio, BYU Radio Instrumental, BYU Radio International, BYUtv and BYU Television International with content in Spanish and Portuguese (both available via terrestrial, satellite, and internet signals). BYUtv is also available via cable throughout some areas of the United States. The BYU Broadcasting Technical Operations Center is home to three television production studios, two television control rooms, radio studios, radio performance space, and master control operations.

question: How many television production studios is BYU Broadcasting Technical Operations Center home to? 

answer: three

question: How many radio studios is BYU BYU Broadcasting Technical Operations Center home to? 

answer: two

question: How many television control rooms is BYU Broadcasting Technical Operations Center home to? 

answer: two

question: Which BYU station offers content in both Spanish and Portugese? 

answer: BYU Television International

question: Which BYU station is available via cable throughout some areas of the U.S.? 

answer: BYUtv
Title: Brigham_Young_University
Context: BYU alumni in academia include former Dean of the Harvard Business School Kim B. Clark, two time world's most influential business thinker Clayton M. Christensen, Michael K. Young '73, current president of the University of Washington, Matthew S. Holland, current president of Utah Valley University, Stan L. Albrecht, current president of Utah State University, Teppo Felin, Professor at the University of Oxford, and Stephen D. Nadauld, previous president of Dixie State University. The University also graduated Nobel Prize winner Paul D. Boyer, as well as Philo Farnsworth (inventor of the electronic television) and Harvey Fletcher (inventor of the hearing aid). Four of BYU's thirteen presidents were alumni of the University. Additionally, alumni of BYU who have served as business leaders include Citigroup CFO Gary Crittenden '76, former Dell CEO Kevin Rollins '84, Deseret Book CEO Sheri L. Dew, and Matthew K. McCauley, CEO of children's clothing company Gymboree.

question: What is former alumnus Paul D. Boyer known for being? 

answer: Nobel Prize winner

question: What did former BYU graduate Harvey Fletcher invent? 

answer: the hearing aid

question: Which famous clothing company was BYU alumnus Matthew K. McCauley CEO of? 

answer: Gymboree

question: What was BYU graduate Clayton M. Christensen known as? 

answer: two time world's most influential business thinker

question: Which Nobel Prize winner graduated from BYU? 

answer: Paul D. Boyer
Title: Brigham_Young_University
Context: In literature and journalism, BYU has produced several best-selling authors, including Orson Scott Card '75, Brandon Sanderson '00 & '05, Ben English '98, and Stephenie Meyer '95. BYU also graduated American activist and contributor for ABC News Elizabeth Smart-Gilmour. Other media personalities include former CBS News correspondent Art Rascon, award-winning ESPN sportscaster and former Miss America Sharlene Wells Hawkes '86 and former co-host of CBS's The Early Show Jane Clayson Johnson '90. In entertainment and television, BYU is represented by Jon Heder '02 (best known for his role as Napoleon Dynamite), writer-director Daryn Tufts '98, Golden Globe-nominated Aaron Eckhart '94, animator and filmmaker Don Bluth '54, Jeopardy! all-time champion Ken Jennings '00, and Richard Dutcher, the "Father of Mormon Cinema." In the music industry BYU is represented by lead singer of the Grammy Award winning band Imagine Dragons Dan Reynolds, multi-platinum selling drummer Elaine Bradley from the band Neon Trees, crossover dubstep violinist Lindsey Stirling, former American Idol contestant Carmen Rasmusen, Mormon Tabernacle Choir director Mack Wilberg and pianist Massimiliano Frani.

question: Where did best selling author Stephenie Meyer graduate from in 1995? 

answer: BYU

question: Which former Miss America graduated from BYU? 

answer: Sharlene Wells Hawkes

question: Which former co-host of CBS's The Early Show graduated from BYU? 

answer: Jane Clayson Johnson

question: Which award winning ESPN sports writer graduated form BYU? 

answer: Sharlene Wells Hawkes

question: Which former CBS News correspondent graduated from BYU? 

answer: Art Rascon
Title: Brigham_Young_University
Context: A number of BYU alumni have found success in professional sports, representing the University in 7 MLB World Series, 5 NBA Finals, and 25 NFL Super Bowls. In baseball, BYU alumni include All-Stars Rick Aguilera '83, Wally Joyner '84, and Jack Morris '76. Professional basketball players include three-time NBA champion Danny Ainge '81, 1952 NBA Rookie of the Year and 4-time NBA All-Star Mel Hutchins '51,[citation needed] three-time Olympic medalist and Hall of Famer Krešimir Ćosić '73, and consensus 2011 national college player of the year Jimmer Fredette '11, currently with the New York Knicks organization. BYU also claims notable professional football players including two-time NFL MVP and Super Bowl MVP and Pro Football Hall of Fame quarterback Steve Young '84 & J.D. '96, Heisman Trophy winner Ty Detmer '90, and two-time Super Bowl winner Jim McMahon. In golf, BYU alumni include two major championship winners: Johnny Miller ('69) at the 1973 U.S. Open and 1976 British Open and Mike Weir ('92) at the 2003 Masters.

question: Which three-time Olympic medalist and Hall of Famer graduated from BYU? 

answer: Krešimir Ćosić

question: Which Heisman Trophy winner graduated from BYU? 

answer: Ty Detmer

question: Which two-time Super Bowl winner graduated from BYU? 

answer: Jim McMahon

question: Which winner of the 2003 Golf Masters graduated from BYU? 

answer: Mike Weir

question: Which BYU graduate has won both the 1976 British Open and the 1973 U.S. Open? 

answer: Johnny Miller
Title: Myocardial_infarction
Context: Myocardial infarction (MI) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow stops to a part of the heart causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. Often it is in the center or left side of the chest and lasts for more than a few minutes. The discomfort may occasionally feel like heartburn. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, nausea, feeling faint, a cold sweat, or feeling tired. About 30% of people have atypical symptoms, with women more likely than men to present atypically. Among those over 75 years old, about 5% have had an MI with little or no history of symptoms. An MI may cause heart failure, an irregular heartbeat, or cardiac arrest.

question: What does MI stand for? 

answer: Myocardial infarction

question: WHat percentage of people suffer from atypical symptoms? 

answer: 30%

question: What is the most common symptom of MI? 

answer: chest pain or discomfort

question: How long can the pain of MI last? 

answer: more than a few minutes

question: What can the discomfort of MI feel like? 

answer: heartburn
Title: Myocardial_infarction
Context: Most MIs occur due to coronary artery disease. Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol intake, among others. The mechanism of an MI often involves the complete blockage of a coronary artery caused by a rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque. MIs are less commonly caused by coronary artery spasms, which may be due to cocaine, significant emotional stress, and extreme cold, among others. A number of tests are useful to help with diagnosis, including electrocardiograms (ECGs), blood tests, and coronary angiography. An ECG may confirm an ST elevation MI if ST elevation is present. Commonly used blood tests include troponin and less often creatine kinase MB.

question: What can ECG confirm? 

answer: ST elevation

question: What type of blood tests are used? 

answer: troponin

question: How do most MIs come about? 

answer: coronary artery disease

question: What is the main mechanism for MI? 

answer: complete blockage of a coronary artery

question: Name one test used to recognize MI? 

answer: electrocardiograms (ECGs), blood tests, and coronary angiography
Title: Myocardial_infarction
Context: Aspirin is an appropriate immediate treatment for a suspected MI. Nitroglycerin or opioids may be used to help with chest pain; however, they do not improve overall outcomes. Supplemental oxygen should be used in those with low oxygen levels or shortness of breath. In ST elevation MIs treatments which attempt to restore blood flow to the heart are typically recommended and include angioplasty, where the arteries are pushed open, or thrombolysis, where the blockage is removed using medications. People who have a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are often managed with the blood thinner heparin, with the additional use angioplasty in those at high risk. In people with blockages of multiple coronary arteries and diabetes, bypass surgery (CABG) may be recommended rather than angioplasty. After an MI, lifestyle modifications, along with long term treatment with aspirin, beta blockers, and statins, are typically recommended.

question: What can be used for immediate treatment for MI? 

answer: Aspirin

question: Nitroglycerin can be used to help what? 

answer: chest pain

question: WHat does NSTEMI stand for? 

answer: non-ST elevation myocardial infarction

question: When is bypass surgery recommended? 

answer: blockages of multiple coronary arteries and diabetes

question: What should be used for individuals with shortness of breath? 

answer: Supplemental oxygen
Title: Myocardial_infarction
Context: The onset of symptoms in myocardial infarction (MI) is usually gradual, over several minutes, and rarely instantaneous. Chest pain is the most common symptom of acute MI and is often described as a sensation of tightness, pressure, or squeezing. Chest pain due to ischemia (a lack of blood and hence oxygen supply) of the heart muscle is termed angina pectoris. Pain radiates most often to the left arm, but may also radiate to the lower jaw, neck, right arm, back, and upper abdomen, where it may mimic heartburn. Levine's sign, in which a person localizes the chest pain by clenching their fists over their sternum, has classically been thought to be predictive of cardiac chest pain, although a prospective observational study showed it had a poor positive predictive value.

question: What is the most common symptom of MI? 

answer: Chest pain

question: What does ischemia refer too? 

answer: a lack of blood

question: What does the pain usually stem from with MI? 

answer: left arm

question: What is a tell tale sign of someone experiencing a cardiac chest pain? 

answer: clenching their fists over their sternum
Title: Myocardial_infarction
Context: Shortness of breath occurs when the damage to the heart limits the output of the left ventricle, causing left ventricular failure and consequent pulmonary edema. Other symptoms include diaphoresis (an excessive form of sweating), weakness, light-headedness, nausea, vomiting, and palpitations. These symptoms are likely induced by a massive surge of catecholamines from the sympathetic nervous system, which occurs in response to pain and the blood flow abnormalities that result from dysfunction of the heart muscle. Loss of consciousness (due to inadequate blood flow to the brain and cardiogenic shock) and sudden death (frequently due to the development of ventricular fibrillation) can occur in MIs.

question: When might an individual experience shortness of breath? 

answer: heart limits the output of the left ventricle

question: What does diaphoresis refer to? 

answer: excessive form of sweating

question: What might cause an individual to lose consciousness from MI? 

answer: inadequate blood flow to the brain
Title: Department_store
Context: Department stores today have sections that sell the following: clothing, furniture, home appliances, toys, cosmetics, gardening, toiletries, sporting goods, do it yourself, paint, and hardware and additionally select other lines of products such as food, books, jewelry, electronics, stationery, photographic equipment, baby products, and products for pets. Customers check out near the front of the store or, alternatively, at sales counters within each department. Some are part of a retail chain of many stores, while others may be independent retailers. In the 1970s, they came under heavy pressure from discounters. Since 2010, they have come under even heavier pressure from online stores such as Amazon.

question: What sorts of departments might one see in a major department store? 

answer: clothing, furniture, home appliances, toys, cosmetics, gardening, toiletries, sporting goods

question: Who started influencing department stores in the 1970's?  

answer: discounters

question: What has begun pressuring department stores in more recent years? 

answer: online stores such as Amazon.

question: Other than at the check-out lanes at the front of a store, where may customers check out? 

answer: at sales counters within each department.
Title: Department_store
Context: The origins of the department store lay in the growth of the conspicuous consumer society at the turn of the 19th century. As the Industrial Revolution accelerated economy expansion, the affluent middle-class grew in size and wealth. This urbanized social group, sharing a culture of consumption and changing fashion, was the catalyst for the retail revolution. As rising prosperity and social mobility increased the number of people, especially women (who found they could shop unaccompanied at department stores without damaging their reputation), with disposable income in the late Georgian period, window shopping was transformed into a leisure activity and entrepreneurs, like the potter Josiah Wedgwood, pioneered the use of marketing techniques to influence the prevailing tastes and preferences of society.

question: When did the idea of a "consumer society" begin?  

answer: at the turn of the 19th century.

question: What social group grew as a result of the industrial revolution?  

answer: the affluent middle-class

question: Who was Josiah Wedgewood? 

answer: entrepreneurs

question: What is one explanation for the rise of retail stores in earlier history? 

answer: urbanized social group

question: What group of people were suddenly free to go shopping without fears of being judged or reprimanded?  

answer: women