praj-17/QA-MCQ-Open-ended huggingface dataset:
Title: Bermuda
Context: The island experienced large-scale immigration over the 20th century, especially after the Second World War. Bermuda has a diverse population including both those with relatively deep roots in Bermuda extending back for centuries, and newer communities whose ancestry results from recent immigration, especially from Britain, North America, the West Indies, and the Portuguese Atlantic islands (especially the Azores), although these groups are steadily merging. About 46% of the population identified themselves with Bermudian ancestry in 2010, which was a decrease from the 51% who did so in the 2000 census. Those identifying with British ancestry dropped by 1% to 11% (although those born in Britain remain the largest non-native group at 3,942 persons). The number of people born in Canada declined by 13%. Those who reported West Indian ancestry were 13%. The number of people born in the West Indies actually increased by 538. A significant segment of the population is of Portuguese ancestry (10%), the result of immigration over the past 160 years, of whom 79% have residency status.

question: When did Bermuda have a large amount of people immigrating to it? 

answer: 20th century, especially after the Second World War.

question: Where are the largest group of non-native people in Bermuda from? 

answer: Britain

question: According to census result, there was the greatest decline in people claiming what ancestry? 

answer: Bermudian

question: Which cultural group can claim 79% residency? 

answer: Portuguese
Title: Bermuda
Context: The deeper ancestral demography of Bermuda's population has been obscured by the ethnic homogenisation of the last four centuries. There is effectively no ethnic distinction between black and white Bermudians, other than those characterising recent immigrant communities. In the 17th century, this was not so. For the first hundred years of settlement, white Protestants of English heritage were the distinct majority, with white minorities of Irish (the native language of many of whom can be assumed to have been Gaelic) and Scots sent to Bermuda after the English invasions of their homelands that followed the English Civil War. Non-white minorities included Spanish-speaking, free (indentured) blacks from the West Indies, black chattel slaves primarily captured from Spanish and Portuguese ships by Bermudian privateers, and Native Americans, primarily from the Algonquian and other tribes of the Atlantic seaboard, but possibly from as far away as Mexico. By the 19th century, the white ethnically-English Bermudians had lost their numerical advantage. Despite the banning of the importation of Irish, and the repeated attempts to force free blacks to emigrate and the owners of black slaves to export them, the merging of the various minority groups, along with some of the white English, had resulted in a new demographic group, "coloured" (which term, in Bermuda, referred to anyone not wholly of European ancestry) Bermudians, gaining a slight majority. Any child born before or since then to one coloured and one white parent has been added to the coloured statistic. Most of those historically described as "coloured" are today described as "black", or "of African heritage", which obscures their non-African heritage (those previously described as "coloured" who were not of African ancestry had been very few, though the numbers of South Asians, particularly, is now growing. The number of persons born in Asian countries doubled between the 2000 and the 2010 censuses), blacks have remained in the majority, with new white immigration from Portugal, Britain and elsewhere countered by black immigration from the West Indies.

question: There is no distinction between what two ethnicities of Bermudians? 

answer: black and white

question: Which ethnicity claimed the majority in Bermuda during the 17th century? 

answer: white Protestants of English heritage

question: Anyone in Bermuda that is not considered 100% of European heritage is referred to as what? 

answer: coloured

question: Why is it problematic that the "coloured" population of Bermuda is now referred to as "black" or "African heritage"? 

answer: obscures their non-African heritage

question: There has been a double in the population of people born in which country? 

answer: Asian
Title: Bermuda
Context: Bermuda's modern black population contains more than one demographic group. Although the number of residents born in Africa is very small, it has tripled between 2000 and 2010 (this group also includes non-blacks). The majority of blacks in Bermuda can be termed "Bermudian blacks", whose ancestry dates back centuries between the 17th century and the end of slavery in 1834, Bermuda's black population was self-sustaining, with its growth resulting largely from natural expansion. This contrasts to the enslaved blacks of the plantation colonies, who were subjected to conditions so harsh as to drop their birth rate below the death rate, and slaveholders in the United States and the West Indies found it necessary to continue importing more enslaved blacks from Africa until the end of slavery (the same had been true for the Native Americans that the Africans had replaced on the New World plantations). The indigenous populations of many West Indian islands, and much of the South-East of what is now the United States that had survived the 16th- and 17th-century epidemics of European-introduced diseases then became the victims of large-scale slave raiding, with much of the region completely depopulated. When the supply of indigenous slaves ran out, the slaveholders looked to Africa). The ancestry of Bermuda's black population is distinguished from that of the British West Indian black population in two ways: firstly, the higher degree of European and Native American admixture; secondly, the source of the African ancestry.

question: What term is used to refer to the majority of black people in Bermuda? 

answer: Bermudian blacks

question: Why were so many blacks repeatedly being imported from Africa? 

answer: conditions so harsh as to drop their birth rate below the death rate

question: Why can Bermudian blacks trace their ancestry back over centuries in Bermuda? 

answer: Bermuda's black population was self-sustaining, with its growth resulting largely from natural expansion

question: What is one way that the ancestry of Bermudian black population differs from that of British West Indian black population? 

answer: the source of the African ancestry
Title: Bermuda
Context: In the British West Indian islands (and also in the United States), the majority of enslaved blacks brought across the Atlantic came from West Africa (roughly between modern Senegal and Ghana). Very little of Bermuda's original black emigration came from this area. The first blacks to arrive in Bermuda in any numbers were free blacks from Spanish-speaking areas of the West Indies, and most of the remainder were recently enslaved Africans captured from the Spanish and Portuguese. As Spain and Portugal sourced most of their slaves from South-West Africa (the Portuguese through ports in modern-day Angola; the Spanish purchased most of their African slaves from Portuguese traders, and from Arabs whose slave trading was centred in Zanzibar). Genetic studies have consequently shown that the African ancestry of black Bermudians (other than those resulting from recent immigration from the British West Indian islands) is largely from the a band across southern Africa, from Angola to Mozambique, which is similar to what is revealed in Latin America, but distinctly different from the blacks of the West Indies and the United States.

question: Why is the black population in Bermuda different from that in the British West Indies and the United States? 

answer: The first blacks to arrive in Bermuda in any numbers were free blacks from Spanish-speaking areas of the West Indies

question: Where did the Spanish and Portugese enslave most of their black people from? 

answer: South-West Africa

question: What is one way we can show that black Bermudians are of different heritage than African Americans? 

answer: Genetic studies
Title: Bermuda
Context: Most of Bermuda's black population trace some of their ancestry to Native Americans, although awareness of this is largely limited to St David's Islanders and most who have such ancestry are unaware of it. During the colonial period, hundreds of Native Americans were shipped to Bermuda. The best-known examples were the Algonquian peoples who were exiled from the southern New England colonies and sold into slavery in the 17th century, notably in the aftermaths of the Pequot and King Philip's wars.

question: What is one group that Bermuda's black population can link some of their ancestry to? 

answer: Native Americans

question: Residents of what particular area have awareness of this link to Native American heritage? 

answer: St David's Islanders

question: During what period were there hundreds of Native Americans shipped to Bermuda? 

answer: colonial period

question: Why was there a large population of Algonquian people in Bermuda? 

answer: exiled from the southern New England colonies and sold into slavery
Title: Bermuda
Context: Bermuda's culture is a mixture of the various sources of its population: Native American, Spanish-Caribbean, English, Irish, and Scots cultures were evident in the 17th century, and became part of the dominant British culture. English is the primary and official language. Due to 160 years of immigration from Portuguese Atlantic islands (primarily the Azores, though also from Madeira and the Cape Verde Islands), a portion of the population also speaks Portuguese. There are strong British influences, together with Afro-Caribbean ones.

question: What is considered the primary language of Bermuda? 

answer: English

question: What is a lesser spoken, secondary language in Bermuda? 

answer: Portuguese

question: What are the greatest influences to Bermudian culture? 

answer: British influences, together with Afro-Caribbean

question: Which cultures claim to be a dominant source of Bermuda's cultural heritage? 

answer: Native American, Spanish-Caribbean, English, Irish, and Scots
Title: Bermuda
Context: The first notable, and historically important, book credited to a Bermudian was The History of Mary Prince, a slave narrative by Mary Prince. It is thought to have contributed to the abolition of slavery in the British Empire. Ernest Graham Ingham, an expatriate author, published his books at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. In the 20th century, numerous books were written and published locally, though few were directed at a wider market than Bermuda. (The latter consisted primarily of scholarly works rather than creative writing). The novelist Brian Burland (1931– 2010) achieved a degree of success and acclaim internationally. More recently, Angela Barry has won critical recognition for her published fiction.

question: What historical significance can the book The History of Mary Prince claim? 

answer: The first notable, and historically important, book credited to a Bermudian

question: What contribution to history is it believed the History of Mary Prince made? 

answer: thought to have contributed to the abolition of slavery in the British Empire

question: The majority of books published by local authors were of what nature? 

answer: scholarly

question: Which local author most recently enjoyed success for published works of fiction? 

answer: Angela Barry
Title: Bermuda
Context: Bermuda watercolours painted by local artists are sold at various galleries. Hand-carved cedar sculptures are another speciality. One such 7 ft (2.1 m) sculpture, created by Bermudian sculptor Chesley Trott, is installed at the airport's baggage claim area. In 2010, his sculpture The Arrival was unveiled near the bay to commemorate the freeing of slaves from the American brig Enterprise in 1835. Local artwork may also be viewed at several galleries around the island. Alfred Birdsey was one of the more famous and talented watercolourists; his impressionistic landscapes of Hamilton, St George's and the surrounding sailboats, homes, and bays of Bermuda are world-renowned.

question: What type of painting are Bermuda artists known for? 

answer: watercolours

question: What type of art work does Chesley Trott produce? 

answer: Hand-carved cedar sculptures

question: What significant event does the sculpture The Arrival portray? 

answer: the freeing of slaves from the American brig Enterprise in 1835

question: Who is one of Bermuda's most famous watercolourists? 

answer: Alfred Birdsey
Title: Bermuda
Context: Bermuda was discovered in 1503 by Spanish explorer Juan de Bermúdez. It is mentioned in Legatio Babylonica, published in 1511 by historian Pedro Mártir de Anglería, and was also included on Spanish charts of that year. Both Spanish and Portuguese ships used the islands as a replenishment spot to take on fresh meat and water. Legends arose of spirits and devils, now thought to have stemmed from the calls of raucous birds (most likely the Bermuda petrel, or Cahow) and the loud noise heard at night from wild hogs. Combined with the frequent storm-wracked conditions and the dangerous reefs, the archipelago became known as the Isle of Devils. Neither Spain nor Portugal tried to settle it.

question: Who is credited with discovering Bermuda? 

answer: Juan de Bermúdez

question: What did Spanish and Portugese ships use the islands for? 

answer: a replenishment spot to take on fresh meat and water

question: What did early visitors attribute the noises of the islands to? 

answer: spirits and devils,

question: Crazy noises from indigenous animals, frequent storms and hazardous reefs earned the islands what name? 

answer: Isle of Devils
Title: Bermuda
Context: It established a colony at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607. Two years later, a flotilla of seven ships left England under the Company's Admiral, Sir George Somers, and the new Governor of Jamestown, Sir Thomas Gates, with several hundred settlers, food and supplies to relieve the colony of Jamestown. Somers had previous experience sailing with both Sir Francis Drake and Sir Walter Raleigh. The flotilla was broken up by a storm. As the flagship, the Sea Venture, was taking on water, Somers drove it onto Bermuda's reef and gained the shores safely with smaller boats – all 150 passengers and a dog survived. (William Shakespeare's play The Tempest, in which the character Ariel refers to the "still-vex'd Bermoothes" (I.ii.229), is thought to have been inspired by William Strachey's account of this shipwreck.) They stayed 10 months, starting a new settlement and building two small ships to sail to Jamestown. The island was claimed for the English Crown, and the charter of the Virginia Company was later extended to include it.

question: Sir George Somers embarked on a mission to do what? 

answer: relieve the colony of Jamestown

question: The devastating wreck of the flotilla is said to have inspired what playwrite? 

answer: William Shakespeare

question: How long did Sommer's settlers stay in Bermuda? 

answer: 10 months

question: Who did Sommer's claim the island for? 

answer: the English Crown
Title: Bermuda
Context: In 1610, all but three of the survivors of the Sea Venture sailed on to Jamestown. Among them was John Rolfe, whose wife and child died and were buried in Bermuda. Later in Jamestown he married Pocahontas, a daughter of the powerful Powhatan, leader of a large confederation of about 30 Algonquian-speaking tribes in coastal Virginia. In 1612, the English began intentional settlement of Bermuda with the arrival of the ship Plough. St. George's was settled that year and designated as Bermuda's first capital. It is the oldest continually inhabited English town in the New World.

question: Who was one of the original survivor's to sail on to Jamestown. 

answer: John Rolfe

question: What is one of the main things John Rolfe is known for? 

answer: married Pocahontas

question: When did the English begin their intentional settlement of Bermuda? 

answer: 1612,

question: What is St. George credited with? 

answer: oldest continually inhabited English town in the New World.
Title: Bermuda
Context: Because of its limited land area, Bermuda has had difficulty with over-population. In the first two centuries of settlement, it relied on steady human emigration to keep the population manageable.[citation needed] Before the American Revolution more than ten thousand Bermudians (over half of the total population through the years) gradually emigrated, primarily to the Southern United States. As Great Britain displaced Spain as the dominant European imperial power, it opened up more land for colonial development. A steady trickle of outward migration continued. With seafaring the only real industry in the early decades, by the end of the 18th century, at least a third of the island's manpower was at sea at any one time.

question: What is a major reason that Bermuda has problems with overpopulation? 

answer: limited land area,

question: What does Bermuda rely on to counteract overpopulation? 

answer: steady human emigration

question: Where did a large number of Bermudians emigrate to before the American Revolution? 

answer: the Southern United States

question: Why does a third of the population spend time at sea? 

answer: seafaring the only real industry
Title: Bermuda
Context: In the 17th century, the Somers Isles Company suppressed shipbuilding, as it needed Bermudians to farm to generate income from the land. Agricultural production met with limited success, however. The Bermuda cedar boxes used to ship tobacco to England were reportedly worth more than their contents.[citation needed] The colony of Virginia far surpassed Bermuda in both quality and quantity of tobacco produced. Bermudians began to turn to maritime trades relatively early in the 17th century, but the Somers Isles Company used all its authority to suppress turning away from agriculture. This interference led to the islanders demanding, and receiving, the revocation of the Company's charter in 1684, and the Company was dissolved.

question: Why did the Somers Isles Company decide to surpress shipbuilding? 

answer: needed Bermudians to farm to generate income from the land

question: Why wasn't agriculture successful? 

answer: colony of Virginia far surpassed Bermuda in both quality and quantity of tobacco produced

question: What did Bermudians do when agriculture failed? 

answer: turn to maritime trades

question: Why was the Somers Isles Company's charter revoked? 

answer: islanders demanding
Title: Bermuda
Context: The end of the war, however, was to cause profound change in Bermuda, though some of those changes would take decades to crystallise. Following the war, with the buildup of Naval and military forces in Bermuda, the primary leg of the Bermudian economy became defence infrastructure. Even after tourism began later in the 19th century, Bermuda remained, in the eyes of London, a base more than a colony. The Crown strengthened its political and economic ties to Bermuda, and the colony's independence on the world stage was diminished.

question: What event caused major changes in Bermuda? 

answer: end of the war

question: Why did defence infrastructure become the major source of Bermuda's economy? 

answer: buildup of Naval and military forces in Bermuda,

question: How does the British crown view Bermuda? 

answer: a base more than a colony

question: What happened to Bermuda's independance due to British importance on them for military reasons? 

answer: the colony's independence on the world stage was diminished
Title: Bermuda
Context: The war had removed Bermuda's primary trading partners, the American colonies, from the empire, and dealt a harsh blow to Bermuda's merchant shipping trade. This also suffered due to the deforestation of Bermuda, as well as the advent of metal ships and steam propulsion, for which it did not have raw materials. During the course of the following War of 1812, the primary market for Bermuda's salt disappeared as the Americans developed their own sources. Control of the Turks had passed to the Bahamas in 1819.

question: Who was Bermuda's main trading partner before the war? 

answer: American colonies

question: What is a factor that hurt Bermuda's merchant shipping? 

answer: deforestation

question: Why didn't Bermuda produce metal ships? 

answer: it did not have raw materials

question: Why did the need for Bermuda's salt diminish? 

answer: Americans developed their own sources
Title: Bermuda
Context: The most famous escapee was the Boer prisoner of war Captain Fritz Joubert Duquesne who was serving a life sentence for "conspiracy against the British government and on (the charge of) espionage.". On the night of 25 June 1902, Duquesne slipped out of his tent, worked his way over a barbed-wire fence, swam 1.5 miles (2.4 km) past patrol boats and bright spot lights, through storm-wracked, shark infested waters, using a distant lighthouse for navigation until he arrived ashore on the main island. From there he escaped to the port of St. George's and a week later, he stowed away on a boat heading to Baltimore, Maryland. He settled in the US and later became a spy for Germany in both World Wars. In 1942, Col. Duquesne was arrested by the FBI for leading the Duquesne Spy Ring, which still to this day the largest espionage case in the history of the United States.

question: Why is Captain Fritz Joubert Duquesne famous? 

answer: most famous escapee

question: After Duquesne made his way to St. George, what did he do? 

answer: stowed away on a boat heading to Baltimore, Maryland

question: After settling in the US, what did Duquesne do? 

answer: became a spy for Germany in both World Wars
Title: Bermuda
Context: After several failed attempts, in 1930 the first aeroplane reached Bermuda. A Stinson Detroiter seaplane flying from New York, it had to land twice in the ocean: once because of darkness and again to refuel. Navigation and weather forecasting improved in 1933 when the Royal Air Force (then responsible for providing equipment and personnel for the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm) established a station at the Royal Naval Dockyard to repair (and supply replacement) float planes for the fleet. In 1936 Luft Hansa began to experiment with seaplane flights from Berlin via the Azores with continuation to New York City.

question: When did the first aeroplane reach Bermuda? 

answer: 1930

question: Why did the plane have to land twice before reaching Bermuda? 

answer: once because of darkness and again to refuel

question: What improved thanks to the Royal Air Force in 1933? 

answer: Navigation and weather forecasting

question: Who began experimenting with flights from Berlin to New York, stopping in the azores? 

answer: Luft Hansa
Title: Bermuda
Context: In 1937, Imperial Airways and Pan American World Airways began operating scheduled flying-boat airline services from New York and Baltimore to Darrell's Island, Bermuda. In 1948, regularly scheduled commercial airline service by land-based aeroplanes began to Kindley Field (now L.F. Wade International Airport), helping tourism to reach its peak in the 1960s–1970s. By the end of the 1970s, international business had supplanted tourism as the dominant sector of Bermuda's economy (see Economy of Bermuda).

question: What did Imperial Airways and Pan American begin scheduling in 1937? 

answer: flying-boat airline services from New York and Baltimore to Darrell's Island, Bermuda

question: What helped tourism grow to new heights in the 1960-1970's? 

answer: regularly scheduled commercial airline service by land-based aeroplanes

question: What became the main source of Bermuda's economy in the 1970's? 

answer: international business